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href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5)" title="Літарал (праграмаванне) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Літарал (праграмаванне)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Литерал – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Литерал" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liter%C3%A1l" title="Literál – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Literál" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literal" title="Literal – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Literal" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF_(%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C)" title="راستین‌نماد (برنامه‌نویسی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="راستین‌نماد (برنامه‌نویسی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litt%C3%A9ral_(programmation)" title="Littéral (programmation) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Littéral (programmation)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%ED%84%B0%EB%9F%B4" title="리터럴 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="리터럴" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literalo_(informatiko)" title="Literalo (informatiko) – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Literalo (informatiko)" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%86%E3%83%A9%E3%83%AB" title="リテラル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リテラル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literal" title="Literal – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Literal" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litera%C5%82" title="Literał – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Literał" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literal_(programa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_computadores)" title="Literal (programação de computadores) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Literal (programação de computadores)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB_(%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Литерал (информатика) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Литерал (информатика)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literaali_(ohjelmointi)" title="Literaali (ohjelmointi) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Literaali (ohjelmointi)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litteral" title="Litteral – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Litteral" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F)" title="Літерал (програмування) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Літерал (програмування)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Object_literal&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Object literal">Object literal</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Notation for representing a fixed value in source code</div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">computer science</a>, a <b>literal</b> is a textual representation (notation) of a <a href="/wiki/Value_(computer_science)" title="Value (computer science)">value</a> as it is written in <a href="/wiki/Source_code" title="Source code">source code</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Almost all programming languages have notations for atomic values such as <a href="/wiki/Integer_(computer_science)" title="Integer (computer science)">integers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Floating-point_number" class="mw-redirect" title="Floating-point number">floating-point numbers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/String_(computer_science)" title="String (computer science)">strings</a>, and usually for <a href="/wiki/Boolean_data_type" title="Boolean data type">Booleans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Character_(computing)" title="Character (computing)">characters</a>; some also have notations for <a href="/wiki/Enumerated_type" title="Enumerated type">elements of enumerated types</a> and compound values such as <a href="/wiki/Array_data_structure" class="mw-redirect" title="Array data structure">arrays</a>, <a href="/wiki/Record_(computer_science)" title="Record (computer science)">records</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Object_(computer_science)" title="Object (computer science)">objects</a>. An <a href="/wiki/Anonymous_function" title="Anonymous function">anonymous function</a> is a literal for the <a href="/wiki/Function_type" title="Function type">function type</a>. </p><p>In contrast to literals, <a href="/wiki/Variable_(programming)" class="mw-redirect" title="Variable (programming)">variables</a> or <a href="/wiki/Constant_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Constant (computer science)">constants</a> are symbols that can take on one of a class of fixed values, the constant being constrained not to change. Literals are often used to initialize variables; for example, in the following, 1 is an integer literal and the three letter string in "cat" is a string literal: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-java mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="n">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"cat"</span><span class="p">;</span> </pre></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Lexical_analysis" title="Lexical analysis">lexical analysis</a>, literals of a given type are generally a token type, with a grammar rule, like "a <a href="/wiki/String_of_digits" class="mw-redirect" title="String of digits">string of digits</a>" for an integer literal. Some literals are specific <a href="/wiki/Keyword_(programming)" class="mw-redirect" title="Keyword (programming)">keywords</a>, like <code>true</code> for the Boolean literal "true". </p><p>In some <a href="/wiki/Object_(computer_science)" title="Object (computer science)">object</a>-oriented languages (like <a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">ECMAScript</a>), objects can also be represented by literals. Methods of this object can be specified in the object literal using <a href="/wiki/Function_literals" class="mw-redirect" title="Function literals">function literals</a>. The brace notation below, which is also used for array literals, is typical for object literals: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-javascript mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">"cat"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"dog"</span><span class="p">}</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">name</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"cat"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">57</span><span class="p">}</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literals_of_objects">Literals of objects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literal_(computer_programming)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Literals of objects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">ECMAScript</a> (as well as its implementations <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> or <a href="/wiki/ActionScript" title="ActionScript">ActionScript</a>), an object with methods can be written using the object literal like this: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-javascript mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">newobj</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">var1</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">var2</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"very interesting"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">method1</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">alert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">var1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">},</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">method2</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">alert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">var2</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span> <span class="p">};</span> <span class="nx">newobj</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">method1</span><span class="p">();</span> <span class="nx">newobj</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">method2</span><span class="p">();</span> </pre></div> <p>These object literals are similar to <a href="/wiki/Anonymous_class" class="mw-redirect" title="Anonymous class">anonymous classes</a> in other languages like <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/JSON" title="JSON">JSON</a> data interchange format is based on a subset of the JavaScript object literal syntax, with some additional restrictions (among them requiring all keys to be quoted, and disallowing functions and everything else except data literals). Because of this, <i>almost</i> every valid JSON document (except for some subtleties with escaping) is also valid JavaScript code, a fact exploited in the <a href="/wiki/JSONP" title="JSONP">JSONP</a> technique. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literal_(computer_programming)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Character_literal" title="Character literal">Character literal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Function_literal" class="mw-redirect" title="Function literal">Function literal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Here_document" title="Here document">Here document</a> – a file literal or stream literal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexadecimal_floating-point_literal" class="mw-redirect" title="Hexadecimal floating-point literal">Hexadecimal floating-point literal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integer_literal" title="Integer literal">Integer literal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_literal" title="String literal">String literal</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literal_(computer_programming)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDonovan1972" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_J._Donovan" title="John J. Donovan">Donovan, John</a> (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/systemsprogrammi00don_xk6"><i>Systems programming</i></a>. McGraw-Hill. p. 45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-017603-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-017603-4"><bdi>978-0-07-017603-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/298763">298763</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Systems+programming&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=1972&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F298763&rft.isbn=978-0-07-017603-4&rft.aulast=Donovan&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsystemsprogrammi00don_xk6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiteral+%28computer+programming%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/SSQ2R2_14.2.0/com.ibm.ent.asm.zos.doc/asmr102056.htm">"Literals"</a>. <i>IBM Knowledge Center</i>. 18 June 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IBM+Knowledge+Center&rft.atitle=Literals&rft.date=2009-06-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibm.com%2Fsupport%2Fknowledgecenter%2FSSQ2R2_14.2.0%2Fcom.ibm.ent.asm.zos.doc%2Fasmr102056.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiteral+%28computer+programming%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Literal_(computer_programming)&oldid=1236326363">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Literal_(computer_programming)&oldid=1236326363</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Programming_constructs" title="Category:Programming constructs">Programming constructs</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 24 July 2024, at 02:58<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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