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Gill</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Rana Gill"> <meta name="keywords" content="Rana Gill"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="Rana Gill" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Rana Gill"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 193</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Rana Gill</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">193</span> Investigation Acute Toxicity and Bioaccumulation Mineral Mercury in Rutilus frisii Kutum</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Gharaei">A. Gharaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Karami"> R. Karami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rutilus frisii Kutum was exposed to various concentrations of mercuric chloride in water to determine its acute toxicity and bioaccumulation. We carried out ten treatments with three replicates and one control for each of the chemicals using the static O. E. C. D. method in 55-liter-tanks each containing 14 fingerlings. During the experiments, the average pH was recorded as 7.8, total hardness was measured to be 255 mg/l, the average water temperature was 27±1 degrees centigrade and dissolved oxygen was 7.2 mg/l. Mean LC50 values of Hgcl2 for juvenile R. frisii kutum with mean weight 1±0.2 gr were 0.102 and 0.86 mgHg/l at 24h and 96h, respectively. The bioaccumulation values during 24h in tissue, kidney, and gill were 1.55, 16.1, and 22.7 mgHg/l, respectively. So, these values during 96h were 2.8, 16.8, and 26.65 mgHg/l, respectively. The bioconcentration factors in tissue, kidney, and gill during 24h were 14.75, 153.39, and 216.11 and so during 96h were 33.8, 198.1, and 313.5 times. These results show that bioaccumulation was highest in the gill and then kidney and tissue, respectively. This study suggested that between mercury concentrations of water with bioaccumulation in tissue more than kidney and gill. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HgCl2" title="HgCl2">HgCl2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LC5096h" title=" LC5096h"> LC5096h</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioaccumulation" title=" bioaccumulation"> bioaccumulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rutilus%20frisii%20Kutum" title=" Rutilus frisii Kutum"> Rutilus frisii Kutum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Caspian%20Sea" title=" Caspian Sea"> Caspian Sea</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34715/investigation-acute-toxicity-and-bioaccumulation-mineral-mercury-in-rutilus-frisii-kutum" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34715.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">573</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">192</span> Acute Toxic Effects of Zn(SO4) on Gill and Liver Tissues of Fresh Water Catfish Clarias batrachus (L.)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muneesh%20Kumar">Muneesh Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajesh%20Kumar"> Rajesh Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sangeeta%20Devi"> Sangeeta Devi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heavy metals are a major problem because they are toxic and tend to accumulate in living organisms. This study was carried out with the aims of studying on histopathology of Zn(SO4) toxicity on gill and liver tissues of catfish (Clarias batrachus) within the period of 96 h. Totally, 140 fishes with mean weight 50±10 g were stocked in 12 aquariums with capacity of 200 L water and divided in to 3 trails including control, 4 ppm and 8 ppm of Zn with 3 replicates. Tissue samples were fixed by bouin’s solution and sectioned in 7 μm based on histological regular method and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) method for microscopic study within the period of 96 h. Results showed some damaged such as hyperplasia, telangiectasis and edema, necrosis of second filaments, jerky movement, aneurism, hyperemia and fusion of second filaments in gills; and cell atrophy, necrosis, fatty degeneration, hyperemia and bile stagnation at different treatments in comparison with control. Gill and liver tissue damages were severed with the increase of Zn concentration and days. Therefore, Zn had acute toxicity effects on gill and liver tissues in Catfish at 5 and 10 ppm concentrations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gill" title="gill">gill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liver" title=" liver"> liver</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=histopathology" title=" histopathology"> histopathology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zinc" title=" zinc"> zinc</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clarias%20batrachus" title=" Clarias batrachus"> Clarias batrachus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32681/acute-toxic-effects-of-znso4-on-gill-and-liver-tissues-of-fresh-water-catfish-clarias-batrachus-l" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32681.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">492</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">191</span> Morphological Studies of the Gills of the Red Swamp Freshwater Crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Crustacea: Decapoda: Cambarids) (Girard 1852) from the River Nile and Its Branches in Egypt </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20M.%20A.%20Abumandour">Mohamed M. A. Abumandour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The red swamp freshwater crayfish breathe through three types of feather-like trichobranchiate gills; podobranchiae, arthrobranchiae and pleurobranchiae. All gills have the same general structure and appearance; plume-like with single broad setiferous, and single axis. The gill consists of axis with numerous finger-like filaments, having three morphological types; round, pointed and somewhat hooked shaped. The direction of filaments vary according their position; in middle region were nearly perpendicular to gill axis while in the apex were nearly parallel to axis. There were characteristic system of gill spines on; central axis (two types were distinguishable by presence of socket), basal plate, setobranch (long non-branched and short multidenticulate) and on the bilobed epipodal plate. There are four shape of spinated-like distal region of setobranch seta; two pointed processes (longitudinal arrangement and irregular arranged) and two broad processes (transverse triangular and multidenticulate). The bilobed epipodal plate devoid from any filaments and extended from outer side of podobranchiae as triangular basal part then extended between the gills as cord-like middle part then pass under the gill to lies against the thoracic body wall. By SEM, the apical part of bilobed epipodal plate have serrated free border and corrugated surface while the middle part have none serrated free border. There are two methods of gill cleaning mechanism in crayfish; passive and active method. The passive method occurred by; setae of setobranch, branchiostegite, bilobed epipodal plate, setiferous arthrodial lamellae and reversing the respiratory water through a narrow spaced branchial chamber. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crayfis" title="crayfis">crayfis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gill%20spines" title=" gill spines"> gill spines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=setobranch" title=" setobranch"> setobranch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gill%20setae" title=" gill setae"> gill setae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cleaning%20mechanisms" title=" cleaning mechanisms"> cleaning mechanisms</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18645/morphological-studies-of-the-gills-of-the-red-swamp-freshwater-crayfish-procambarus-clarkii-crustacea-decapoda-cambarids-girard-1852-from-the-river-nile-and-its-branches-in-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18645.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">410</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">190</span> Behavioral Changes and Gill Histopathological Alterations of Red Hybrid Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) Exposed to Glyphosate Herbicide</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abubakar%20Muhammad%20Umar">Abubakar Muhammad Umar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nur%20Adeela%20Yasid"> Nur Adeela Yasid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20Mohd%20Daud"> Hassan Mohd Daud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Yunus%20Abd%20Shukor"> Mohd Yunus Abd Shukor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] is among the most broadly and generally recognised broad-spectrum herbicides used in agriculture due to its low cost and effectiveness in weed management. The pollution of glyphosate in the aquatic environment can be via water run-off from agricultural lands, or by spray drift, aerial spraying or due to industrial discharge, which may be seen as a threat to aquatic biota. Fish is one of the best organisms to study the toxicological aspects of glyphosate. A 49 days experiment was conducted under laboratory conditions to ascertain the effects of technical grade glyphosate on behaviour and histopathological conditions in the gills of red hybrid tilapia using a light inverted microscope. Air gasping, erratic swimming, fin movement, mucus secretion, hemorrhages, and loss of scales were observed as behavioural changes in the exposed fish. There was no histopathological complication observed in the gill of the control fish, but various levels of alterations were seen in the gills of the fish exposed to glyphosate herbicide. These include lifting of primary lamella, congestion of secondary lamella, as well as hyperplasia in both primary and secondary gill lamella, and hypertrophy of secondary gill lamella. Based on the findings of this study, glyphosate herbicide exerts behavioural and histopathological changes in the gill of red hybrid tilapia, and therefore, the fish is considered a good bioindicator in aquatic environment monitoring. Excessive usage of glyphosate herbicide near aquatic habitats should be discouraged. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavioural" title="behavioural">behavioural</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=histopathological" title=" histopathological"> histopathological</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oreochromis%20niloticus" title=" Oreochromis niloticus"> Oreochromis niloticus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glyphosate" title=" glyphosate"> glyphosate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187898/behavioral-changes-and-gill-histopathological-alterations-of-red-hybrid-tilapia-oreochromis-sp-exposed-to-glyphosate-herbicide" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187898.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">47</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">189</span> Fish Species Composition and Distribution of a Semi-Oxbow Lake in North Central Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adeyemi">Adeyemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samuel%20Olusegun"> Samuel Olusegun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper reports on the result of experimental gill net assessment of the fishery of Gbedikere Lake in Kogi State between October 2006 and September 2008. Three stations A-C were sampled. Twelve species from ten families were represented in the experimental gill-net catches. These composed of families Protopteridae, Mormyridae, Clariidae, Mochokidae, Cichlidae, Cyprinidae, Malapteruridae, Osteoglossidae, Gymnarchidae, and Citharinidae. The Cichlids dominated the catches. This is made up of Oreochromis niloticus (17.90%), and Tilapia zilli (13.01%). These combined to make up 30.91% of the total number of fish caught. Also, the Cichlids formed 30.91% of the total catch by weight followed Heterotis niloticus (15.56%), Clarias gariepinus (13.16%), Gmynarchus niloticus (8.78%), Heterobranchus bidorsalis (7.14%), Synodontis nigrita (6.69%), Mormyrus rume (5.68%), Citharinus citharus (3.91%), Labeo senegalensis (2.93%), and Protopterus annectens (2.74%), respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experimental%20gill%20net" title="experimental gill net">experimental gill net</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=species%20diversity" title=" species diversity"> species diversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abundance" title=" abundance"> abundance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distribution" title=" distribution"> distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oxbow%20Lake%20and%20yield" title=" Oxbow Lake and yield"> Oxbow Lake and yield</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33790/fish-species-composition-and-distribution-of-a-semi-oxbow-lake-in-north-central-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33790.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">502</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">188</span> Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability of Some Essential Metal Ions In Different Fish Organs at Lake Chamo, Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adane%20Gebresilassie%20Hailemariam">Adane Gebresilassie Hailemariam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belete%20Yilma%20Hirpaye"> Belete Yilma Hirpaye</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The enhanced concentrations of heavy metals, especially in sediments, may indicate human-induced perturbations rather than natural enrichment through geological weathering. Heavy metals are non-biodegradable, persist in the environment, and are concentrated up to the food chain, leading to enhanced levels in the liver and muscle tissues of fishes, aquatic bryophytes, and aquatic biota. Marine organisms, in general fish in particular, accumulate metals to concentrations many times higher than present in water or sediment as they can take up metals in their organs and concentrate at different levels. Thus, metals acquired through the food chain due to pollution are potential chemical hazards, threatening consumers. The Nile tilapia (oreochromic niloticus), catfish (clarius garpinus), and water samples were collected from five sampling sites, namely, inlet-1, inlet-2, center, outlet-1 and outlet-2 of Lake Chamo. The concentration of major and trace metals Na, K, Mg, Ca, Cr, Co, Ni, Mn and Cu in the two fish muscles, gill and liver, was determined using an atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) and flame photometer (FP). Metal concentrations in the water have also been evaluated within the two consecutive seasons, winter (dry) and spring (wet). The results revealed that the concentration of those metals in Tilapia’s (O. niloticus) muscle, gill, and liver were Na 44.5, 35.1, 28, Mg 2.8, 8.41, 4.61, K 43, 32, 30, Ca 1.5, 6.0, 5.5, Cr 0.91, 1.2, 3.5, Co 3.0, 2.89, 2.62, Ni 0.94, 1.99, 2.2, Mn 1.23, 1.51, 1.6 and Cu 1.1, 1.99, 3.5 mg kg-1 respectively and in catfish’s muscle, gill and liver Na 25, 39, 41.5, Mg 4.8, 2.87, 6, K 29, 38, 40, Ca 2.5, 8.10, 3.0, Cr 0.65, 3.5, 5.0, Co 2.62, 1.86, 1.73, Ni 1.10, 2.3, 3.1, Mn 1.54, 1.57, 1.59 and Cu 1.01, 1.10, 3.70 mg kg-1 respectively. The highest accumulation of Na and K were observed for tilapia muscle and catfish gill, Mg and Ca got higher in tilapia gill and catfish liver, while Co is higher in muscle of the two fish. The Cr, Ni, Mn and Cu levels were higher in the livers of the two fish species. In conculusion, metal toxicity through food chain is the current dangerous issue for human and othe animals. This needs deep focus to promot the health of living animals. The Details of the work are going to be discussed at the conference. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioaccumulation" title="bioaccumulation">bioaccumulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catfish" title=" catfish"> catfish</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essential%20metals" title=" essential metals"> essential metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nile%20tilapia" title=" nile tilapia"> nile tilapia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168125/chemical-speciation-and-bioavailability-of-some-essential-metal-ions-in-different-fish-organs-at-lake-chamo-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168125.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">187</span> Exposure of Pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus Gill Tissue to a High Stocking Density: An Ion Regulatory and Microscopy Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wiolene%20Montanari%20Nordi">Wiolene Montanari Nordi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Debora%20Botequio%20Moretti"> Debora Botequio Moretti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariana%20Caroline%20Pontin"> Mariana Caroline Pontin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jessica%20Pampolini"> Jessica Pampolini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raul%20Machado-Neto"> Raul Machado-Neto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gills are organs responsible for respiration and osmoregulation between the fish internal environment and water. Under stress conditions, oxidative response and gill plasticity to attempt to increase gas exchange area are noteworthy, compromising the physiological processes and therefore fish health. Colostrum is a dietary source of nutrients, immunoglobulin, antioxidant and bioactive molecules, essential for immunological protection and development of the gastrointestinal epithelium. The hypothesis of this work is that antioxidant factors present in the colostrum, unprecedentedly tested in gills, can minimize or reduce the alteration of its epithelium structure of juvenile pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) subjected to high stocking density. The histological changes in the gills architecture were characterized by the frequency, incidence and severity of the tissue alteration and ionic status. Juvenile (50 kg fish/m3) were fed with pelleted diets containing 0, 10, 20 or 30% of lyophilized bovine colostrum (LBC) inclusion and at 30 experimental days, gill and blood samples were collected in eight fish per treatment. The study revealed differences in the type, frequency and severity (histological alterations index – HAI) of tissue alterations among the treatments, however, no distinct differences in the incidence of alteration (mean alteration value – MAV) were observed. The main histological changes in gill were elevation of the lamellar epithelium, excessive cell proliferation of the filament and lamellar epithelium causing total or partial melting of the lamella, hyperplasia and hypertrophy of lamellar and filament epithelium, uncontrolled thickening of filament and lamellar tissues, mucous and chloride cells presence in the lamella, aneurysms, vascular congestion and presence of parasites. The MAV obtained per treatment were 2.0, 2.5, 1.8 and 2.5 to fish fed diets containing 0, 10, 20 and 30% of LBC inclusion, respectively, classifying the incidence of gill alterations as slightly to moderate. The severity of alteration of individual fish of treatment 0, 10 and 20% LBC ranged values from 5 to 40 (HAI average of 20.1, 17.5 and 17.6, respectively, P > 0.05), and differs from 30% LBC, that ranged from 6 to 129 (HAI mean of 77.2, P < 0.05). The HAI value in the treatments 0, 10 and 20% LBC reveals gill tissue with injuries classified from slightly to moderate, while in 30% LBC moderate to severe, consequence of the onset of necrosis in the tissue of two fish that compromises the normal functioning of the organ. In relation to frequency of gill alterations, evaluated according to absence of alterations (0) to highly frequent (+++), histological alterations were observed in all evaluated fish, with a trend of higher frequency in 0% LBC. The concentration of Na+, Cl-, K+ and Ca2+ did not changed in all treatments (P > 0.05), indicating similar capacity of ion exchange. The concentrations of bovine colostrum used in diets of present study did not impair the alterations observed in the gills of juvenile pacu. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=histological%20alterations%20of%20gill%20tissue" title="histological alterations of gill tissue">histological alterations of gill tissue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ionic%20status" title=" ionic status"> ionic status</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lyophilized%20bovine%20colostrum" title=" lyophilized bovine colostrum"> lyophilized bovine colostrum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20microscopy" title=" optical microscopy"> optical microscopy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67775/exposure-of-pacu-piaractus-mesopotamicus-gill-tissue-to-a-high-stocking-density-an-ion-regulatory-and-microscopy-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67775.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">299</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">186</span> Tissue-Specific Distribution of Cytochrome P450 1A1 and 3A in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Viktoriia%20Burkina">Viktoriia Burkina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vladimir%20Zlabek"> Vladimir Zlabek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Galia%20Zamaratskaia"> Galia Zamaratskaia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cytochromes P450 (CYP) are important family of enzymes in Phase I metabolism. Environmental pollutants often act as inducers of the gene expression and activities CYP1A1 and CYP3A-like isoforms in fish. The activities are generally measured in the fish liver or gills, and less is known about tissue distribution of expression. In present study, the CYP1A1 and CYP3A-like activities were measured in rainbow trout liver, gill, intestine, heart, brain and gonads. The activities of CYP1A1 and CYP3A-like proteins were estimated as the rates of 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylation (EROD) and benzyloxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin-O-debenzyloxylation (BFCOD), respectively. The CYP1A1 and CYP3A-like activities were detectable in all investigated fish tissues, with the highest activity in hepatic tissue followed by heart > brain > gill > intestine > gonads. To confirm the presence of CYP1A1 in different tissues, EROD activity was measured in presence of the selective inhibitors ellipticine (CYP1A1), ketoconazole (CYP3A), 8-methoxypsoralen (human CYP2A) and diallyl sulphide (CYP2E1). It was found that ellipticine, ketoconazole and 8-methoxypsoralen inhibited hepatic EROD activity by 88-98%. Ellipticine inhibited gill, intestine, and gonad EROD activity by 50%. In conclusion, EROD and BFCOD activities were detected in rainbow trout liver, gill, intestine, heart, brain and gonads. Further studies are needed to fully identify all CYP450 isoforms responsible for these activities. Acknowledgement: The study was financially supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic - projects „CENAKVA “(No. CZ.1.05/2.1.00/01.0024), “CENAKVA Center Development “(No. CZ.1.05/2.1.00/19.0380), “CENAKVA II “(No. LO1205 under the NPU I program), and "Development of USB - International mobility (No. CZ.02.2.69/0.0/0.0/16_027/0008364). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BFCOD" title="BFCOD">BFCOD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EROD" title=" EROD"> EROD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fish" title=" fish"> fish</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20I%20metabolism" title=" phase I metabolism"> phase I metabolism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selective%20inhibitors" title=" selective inhibitors"> selective inhibitors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101545/tissue-specific-distribution-of-cytochrome-p450-1a1-and-3a-in-rainbow-trout-oncorhynchus-mykiss" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101545.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">185</span> Comparative Analysis of Edge Detection Techniques for Extracting Characters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rana%20Gill">Rana Gill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chandandeep%20Kaur"> Chandandeep Kaur </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Segmentation of images can be implemented using different fundamental algorithms like edge detection (discontinuity based segmentation), region growing (similarity based segmentation), iterative thresholding method. A comprehensive literature review relevant to the study gives description of different techniques for vehicle number plate detection and edge detection techniques widely used on different types of images. This research work is based on edge detection techniques and calculating threshold on the basis of five edge operators. Five operators used are Prewitt, Roberts, Sobel, LoG and Canny. Segmentation of characters present in different type of images like vehicle number plate, name plate of house and characters on different sign boards are selected as a case study in this work. The proposed methodology has seven stages. The proposed system has been implemented using MATLAB R2010a. Comparison of all the five operators has been done on the basis of their performance. From the results it is found that Canny operators produce best results among the used operators and performance of different edge operators in decreasing order is: Canny>Log>Sobel>Prewitt>Roberts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=segmentation" title="segmentation">segmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=edge%20detection" title=" edge detection"> edge detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=text" title=" text"> text</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extracting%20characters" title=" extracting characters"> extracting characters</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9054/comparative-analysis-of-edge-detection-techniques-for-extracting-characters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9054.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">426</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">184</span> Layersomes for Oral Delivery of Amphotericin B</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20C.%20Rana">A. C. Rana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abhinav%20Singh%20Rana"> Abhinav Singh Rana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Layer by layer coating of biocompatible polyelectrolytes converts the liposomes into stable version i.e 'layersomes'. This system was further used to deliver the Amphotericin B through the oral route. Extensive optimization of different process variables resulted in the formation of layersomes with the particle size of 238.4±5.1, PDI of 0.24±0.16, the zeta potential of 34.6±1.3, and entrapment efficiency of 71.3±1.2. TEM analysis further confirmed the formation of spherical particles. Trehalose (10% w/w) resulted in the formation of fluffy and easy to redisperse cake in freeze dried layersomes. Controlled release up to 50 % within 24 h was observed in the case of layersomes. The layersomes were found stable in simulated biological fluids and resulted in the 3.59 fold higher bioavailability in comparison to free Amp-B. Furthermore, the developed formulation was found to be safe in comparison to Fungizone as indicated by blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amphotericin%20B" title="amphotericin B">amphotericin B</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=layersomes" title=" layersomes"> layersomes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liposomes" title=" liposomes"> liposomes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toxicity" title=" toxicity"> toxicity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16358/layersomes-for-oral-delivery-of-amphotericin-b" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16358.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">527</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">183</span> Histopathological Effects of Trichodiniasis in Farmed Freshwater Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, in West of Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahra%20Khoshnood">Zahra Khoshnood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Khoshnood"> Reza Khoshnood</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of present study was to monitor the presence of Trichodina sp. in Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss collected from various fish farms in the western provinces of Iran during January, 2013- January, 2014. Out of 675 sampled fish 335, (49.16%) were infested with Trichodina. The highest prevalence was observed in the spring and winter followed by autumn and summer. In general, the intensity of infection was low except in cases where outbreaks of Trichodiniasis endangered the survival of fish in some ponds. In light infestation Trichodina is usually present on gills, fins and skin of apparently healthy fish. Clinical signs of Trichodiniasis only appear on fish with heavy infections and cases of moderate ones that are usually exposed to one or more stress factors including, rough handling during transportation from ponds, overcrowdness, malnutrition, high of free ammonia and low of oxygen concentration. Clinical signs of Trichodiniasis in sampled fish were sluggish movement, loss of appetite, black coloration, necrosis and ulcer on different parts of the body, detached scales and excessive accumulation of mucous in gill pouches. The most obvious histopathological changes in diseased fish were sloughing of the epidermal layer, aggregation of leucocytes and melanine-carrying cells (between the dermis and hypodermis) and proliferative changes including hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the epithelial lining cells of gill filaments which resulted in fusion of secondary lamellae. Control of Trichodiniasis, has been achieved by formalin bath treatment at a concentration of 250 ppm for one hour. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gill" title="gill">gill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=histopathology" title=" histopathology"> histopathology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainbow%20trout" title=" rainbow trout"> rainbow trout</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Trichodina" title=" Trichodina"> Trichodina</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11484/histopathological-effects-of-trichodiniasis-in-farmed-freshwater-rainbow-trout-oncorhynchus-mykiss-in-west-of-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11484.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">426</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">182</span> Influence of Physico-Chemical Changes in the Environment on the Behavior of Tadpoles Rana Saharica: Case of Fungicide (Artea 330ec)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Zouainia">S. Zouainia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Djebar"> R. Djebar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Berrebah"> H. Berrebah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Sayeb"> A. Sayeb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work focused on the study of physiological and biochemical changes observed in tadpoles exposed to fungicide Rana saharica Artea 330ec recently introduced in Algeria. For this, we tested the effect of xenobiotics on growth and development of tadpoles; among the studied parameters: total protein, glutathione and respiratory activity. The study of physiological parameters showed that the tadpoles change perfectly in the absence of toxic and in favorable conditions (pH, temperature). Our results showed an increased rate of protein and GSH in the presence of the fungicide Artea 330ec. The latter causes uninhibited very highly significant respiratory activity of tadpoles treated. The presence of xenobiotics in the breeding tadpoles water causes disturbances in behavior and food metabolism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amphibians" title="amphibians">amphibians</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungicides" title=" fungicides"> fungicides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pesticides" title=" pesticides"> pesticides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollution" title=" pollution"> pollution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19163/influence-of-physico-chemical-changes-in-the-environment-on-the-behavior-of-tadpoles-rana-saharica-case-of-fungicide-artea-330ec" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19163.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">409</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">181</span> Economic Impact of Rana Plaza Collapse</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Omar%20Bin%20Harun%20Khan">Md. Omar Bin Harun Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The collapse of the infamous Rana Plaza, a multi-storeyed commercial building in Savar, near Dhaka, Bangladesh has brought with it a plethora of positive and negative consequences. Bangladesh being a key player in the export of clothing, found itself amidst a wave of economic upheaval following this tragic incident that resulted in numerous Bangladeshis, most of whom were factory workers. This paper compares the consequences that the country’s Ready Made Garments (RMG) sector is facing now, two years into the incident. The paper presents a comparison of statistical data from study reports and brings forward perspectives from all dimensions of Labour, Employment and Industrial Relations in Bangladesh following the event. The paper brings across the viewpoint of donor organizations and donor countries, the impacts of several initiatives taken by foreign organizations like the International Labour Organization, and local entities like the Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association (BGMEA) in order to reinforce compliance and stabilize the shaky foundation that the RMG sector had found itself following the collapse. Focus of the paper remains on the stance taken by the suppliers in Bangladesh, with inputs from buying houses and factories, and also on the reaction of foreign brands. The paper also focuses on the horrific physical, mental and financial implications sustained by the victims and their families, and the consequent uproar from workers in general regarding compliance with work safety and workers’ welfare conditions. The purpose is to get across both sides of the scenario: the economic impact that suppliers / factories/ sellers/ buying houses/exporters have faced in Bangladesh as a result of complete loss of reliability on them regarding working standards; and also to cover the aftershock felt on the other end of the spectrum by the importers/ buyers, particularly the foreign entities, in terms of the sudden accountability of being affiliated with non- compliant factories. The collapse of Rana Plaza has received vast international attention and strong criticism. Nevertheless, the almost immediate strengthening of labourrights and the wholesale reform undertaken on all sides of the supply chain, evidence a move of all local and foreign stakeholders towards greater compliance and taking of precautionary steps for prevention of further disasters. The tragedy that Rana Plaza embodies served as a much-needed epiphany for the soaring RMG Sector of Bangladesh. Prompt co-operation on the part of all stakeholders and regulatory bodies now show a move towards sustainable development, which further ensures safeguarding against any future irregularities and pave the way for steady economic growth. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economy" title="economy">economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=employment%20standards" title=" employment standards"> employment standards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rana%20Plaza" title=" Rana Plaza"> Rana Plaza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RMG" title=" RMG"> RMG</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37298/economic-impact-of-rana-plaza-collapse" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37298.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">338</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">180</span> Biogeochemical Study of Polycuclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Its Physiological Response in Mudskippre (B. dussumieri) along the North western Coasts of the Persian Gulf</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Mashinchian%20Moradi">Ali Mashinchian Moradi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmood%20Sinaei"> Mahmood Sinaei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Study on the biomarkers to assess health status of marine ecosystems has an important value in biomonitoring of marine environment. Accordingly, accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediment, water and tissues (liver and gill) of mudskipper (Boleophthalmus dussmieri) and some physiological responses like lysosomal membrane change in haemocytes and the Glutathione-S Transferase (GST) activity in the liver were measured in mudskippers. Samples were collected from five sites along the noth western cost of the Persian Gulf. PAHs concentration was measured by HPLC method. The activity of GST enzyme was analysed by spectrophotometric method. Total PAH concentration in coastal seawater, sediments, liver and gill tissues ranged between 0.80-18.34 ug/L, 113.550-3384.34 ng/g dw, 3.99-46.64 ng/g dw and 3.11-17.This study showed that PAH concentrations in this region are not higher than available standards. The findings revile that lysosomal membrane destabilization and liver GST activities are highly sensitive to PAHs in mudskipper, B. dussumieri. Sediment PAH concentrations were strongly correlated with biomarkers, indicating PAHs were biologically available to fish. Thus, mudskipper perceived to be good sentinel organism for PAH pollution biomonitoring. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PAHs" title="PAHs">PAHs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomarker" title=" biomarker"> biomarker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mudskipper" title=" mudskipper"> mudskipper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Persian%20Gulf" title=" Persian Gulf"> Persian Gulf</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31864/biogeochemical-study-of-polycuclic-aromatic-hydrocarbons-and-its-physiological-response-in-mudskippre-b-dussumieri-along-the-north-western-coasts-of-the-persian-gulf" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31864.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">346</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">179</span> Snails and Fish as Pollution Biomarkers in Lake Manzala and Laboratory B: Lake Manzala Fish</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanaa%20M.%20M.%20El-Khayat">Hanaa M. M. El-Khayat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanan%20S.%20Gaber"> Hanan S. Gaber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hoda%20Abdel-Hamid"> Hoda Abdel-Hamid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kadria%20M.%20A.%20Mahmoud"> Kadria M. A. Mahmoud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hoda%20M.%20A.%20Abu%20Taleb"> Hoda M. A. Abu Taleb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work aimed to examine <em>Oreochromis niloticus</em> fish from Lake Manzala in Port Said, Dakahlya and Damietta governorates, Egypt, as a bio-indicator for the lake water pollution through recording alterations in their hematological, physiological, and histopathological parameters. All fish samples showed a significant increase in levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatinine and glutathione-S-transferase (GST); only Dakahlya samples showed a significant increase (p<0.01) in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level and most Dakahlya and Damietta samples showed reversed albumin and globulin ratio and a significant increase in γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) level. Port-Said and Damietta samples showed a significant decrease of hemoglobin (Hb) while Dakahlya samples showed a significant decrease in white blood cell (WBC) count. Histopathological investigation for different fish organs showed that Port-Said and Dakahlya samples were more altered than Damietta. The muscle and gill followed by intestine were the most affected organs. The muscle sections showed severe edema, neoplasia, necrotic change, fat vacuoles and splitting of muscle fiber. The gill sections showed dilated blood vessels of the filaments, curling of gill lamellae, severe hyperplasia, edema and blood vessels congestion of filaments. The intestine sections revealed degeneration, atrophy, dilation in blood vessels and necrotic changes in sub-mucosa and mucosa with edema in between. The recorded significant alterations, in most of the physiological and histological parameters in <em>O. niloticus</em> samples from Lake Manzala, were alarming for water pollution impacts on lake fish community, which constitutes the main diet and the main source of income for the people inhabiting these areas, and were threatening their public health and economy. Also, results evaluate the use of <em>O. niloticus</em> fish as important bio-indicator for their habitat stressors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lake%20Manzala" title="Lake Manzala">Lake Manzala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oreochromis%20niloticus%20fish" title=" Oreochromis niloticus fish"> Oreochromis niloticus fish</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20pollution" title=" water pollution"> water pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physiological" title=" physiological"> physiological</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hematological%20and%20histopathological%20parameters" title=" hematological and histopathological parameters"> hematological and histopathological parameters</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54438/snails-and-fish-as-pollution-biomarkers-in-lake-manzala-and-laboratory-b-lake-manzala-fish" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54438.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">312</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">178</span> Bioeconomic Modelling for Barramundi (Lates calcarifer) in Queensland: Implications for Recreational Fishing Following Recent Gill Netting Closures </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabiha%20S.%20Marine">Sabiha S. Marine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicole%20Flint"> Nicole Flint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Rolfe"> John Rolfe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Queensland state government introduced commercial gill net fishing closures in Cairns, Mackay, and Rockhampton in November 2015 to increase the recreational fishing opportunities, nature-based tourism, and economic benefits in these three regional areas. This management change is likely to improve the potential for more desirable stock structures through natural recruitment. Barramundi (Lates calcarifer) is one of the popular target fish for recreational and commercial fishers in Northern Australia. This investigation examines the effects of reduced commercial fishing from both biological and economic perspectives, particularly on the local Barramundi population of the Fitzroy River in Rockhampton, the largest river catchment flowing to the eastern coast of Australia. Data on different parameters of biological and economic aspects have been collated from secondary sources for analysis through a system simulation approach to identify the effectiveness of the commercial netting closures on recreational fishing effort, especially for the Barramundi population. The results have the potential to explain certain consequences of the netting closures in Queensland, which could serve to inform future fisheries management decisions. The study output as a whole will help in the better management of fisheries resources by evaluating recreational fishing opportunities in Queensland, where the potential for increases in recreation is high. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Barramundi" title="Barramundi">Barramundi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioeconomic%20model" title=" bioeconomic model"> bioeconomic model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fishery%20management" title=" fishery management"> fishery management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recreational%20fishing" title=" recreational fishing"> recreational fishing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88961/bioeconomic-modelling-for-barramundi-lates-calcarifer-in-queensland-implications-for-recreational-fishing-following-recent-gill-netting-closures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88961.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">177</span> Development of Biotechnological Emulsion Based on Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana Shaw) Oil: A Preliminary Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lourena%20M.%20Ver%C3%ADssimo">Lourena M. Veríssimo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lucas%20A.%20Machado"> Lucas A. Machado</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Renata%20Rutckeviski"> Renata Rutckeviski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francisco%20H.%20Xavier%20J%C3%BAnior"> Francisco H. Xavier Júnior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%89verton%20N.%20Alencar"> Éverton N. Alencar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andreza%20R.%20V.%20Morais"> Andreza R. V. Morais</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Teresa%20R.%20F.%20Dantas"> Teresa R. F. Dantas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christian%20M.%20Oliveira"> Christian M. Oliveira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arn%C3%B3bio%20A.%20Silva%20J%C3%BAnior"> Arnóbio A. Silva Júnior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eryvaldo%20S.%20T.%20Egito"> Eryvaldo S. T. Egito</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aimed to obtain emulsion systems based on bullfrog oil (BO). The BO was extracted at 80ºC and analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). The critical Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLBc) Assay of the BO was performed through BO, Tween® 20, Span® 80 and deionized water mixtures using an Ultra-Turrax® and determined using dynamic light scattering, pH, electrical conductivity and creaming rate. Then, a pseudoternary phase diagram (PPD) was constructed by water titration. The GC/MS analysis of BO suggested Methyl Oleate (9.26%) as major compound. The HLBc was 12.1, wherein the correspondent emulsion showed a pH of 4.83±1.29, electrical conductivity of 103.65 µS, creaming rate of 2.51±0.54%, droplet size of 207.07±8.31 nm and polydispersity index of 0.212±0.005. The PPD showed different formulations characterized as O/W emulsions. Thus, the PPD proved to be a useful tool to produce BO emulsions, in which their constituents may vary within the range of the desired system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bullfrog%20%28Rana%20catesbeiana%20Shaw%29%20oil" title="bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana Shaw) oil">bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana Shaw) oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emulsion%20production" title=" emulsion production"> emulsion production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrophilic-lipophilic%20balance" title=" hydrophilic-lipophilic balance"> hydrophilic-lipophilic balance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20chromatography%2Fmass%20spectrometry%20analysis" title=" gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis"> gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11772/development-of-biotechnological-emulsion-based-on-bullfrog-rana-catesbeiana-shaw-oil-a-preliminary-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11772.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">507</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">176</span> Occurrence of Ranavirus in Edible Frogs and Fish Sold for Human Consumption in Kaduna State, Northern Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inikpi%20Ameh">Inikpi Ameh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grace%20Kia"> Grace Kia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20K.%20B.%20Sackey"> A. K. B. Sackey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joy%20Atawodi"> Joy Atawodi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Whittington"> Richard Whittington</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ranaviruses are belonging to the viral Family Iridoviridae, are a group of globally emerging pathogens recognized as major viral pathogens of cold-blooded vertebrates. They cause systemic infection in ﬁshes, amphibians, and reptiles. Ranaviruses have been associated with numerous disease outbreaks in natural and cultured populations of fish, amphibians, and reptiles. To investigate the presence of the ranavirus in fish and edible frogs sourced from dams and ponds in Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. A total of 425 frogs (Rana spp.) and fishes (n=215 and n=200, respectively) were randomly collected based on consent and availability. Liver, kidney, and spleen tissue samples from each animal were pooled and homogenized. The samples were screened for ranavirus using the Indirect Enzyme linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA). An overall prevalence of 46.1% (196/425) was obtained from the study. Frogs had a prevalence of 51.2% (110/215) while fish had 43% (86/200). This is the first study on ranavirus in fish and edible frogs in Nigeria. This study has established that edible frogs (Rana spp) and fishes sold in Zaria, Nigeria were infected with ranavirus which may have great economic importance to the nation’s aquaculture. In view of occasional massive economic losses observed in fishery industry due to deaths of unknown origin, this preliminary investigation is useful in directing veterinarians, policy makers and researchers on need to survey for ranavirus and also enlighten the relevant stakeholders on its prevention and control in Nigeria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fish" title="fish">fish</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frogs" title=" frogs"> frogs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ranavirus" title=" Ranavirus "> Ranavirus </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78326/occurrence-of-ranavirus-in-edible-frogs-and-fish-sold-for-human-consumption-in-kaduna-state-northern-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78326.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">359</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">175</span> Genetic Instabilities in Marine Bivalve Following Benzo(α)pyrene Exposure: Utilization of Combined Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA and Comet Assay</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mengjie%20Qu">Mengjie Qu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi%20Wang"> Yi Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiawei%20Ding"> Jiawei Ding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siyu%20Chen"> Siyu Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yanan%20Di"> Yanan Di</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Marine ecosystem is facing intensified multiple stresses caused by environmental contaminants from human activities. Xenobiotics, such as benzo(α)pyrene (BaP) have been discharged into marine environment and cause hazardous impacts on both marine organisms and human beings. As a filter-feeder, marine mussels, Mytilus spp., has been extensively used to monitor the marine environment. However, their genomic alterations induced by such xenobiotics are still kept unknown. In the present study, gills, as the first defense barrier in mussels, were selected to evaluate the genetic instability alterations induced by the exposure to BaP both in vivo and in vitro. Both random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay and comet assay were applied as the rapid tools to assess the environmental stresses due to their low money- and time-consumption. All mussels were identified to be the single species of Mytilus coruscus before used in BaP exposure at the concentration of 56 μg/l for 1 & 3 days (in vivo exposure) or 1 & 3 hours (in vitro). Both RAPD and comet assay results were showed significantly increased genomic instability with time-specific altering pattern. After the recovery period in 'in vivo' exposure, the genomic status was as same as control condition. However, the relative higher genomic instabilities were still observed in gill cells after the recovery from in vitro exposure condition. Different repair mechanisms or signaling pathway might be involved in the isolated gill cells in the comparison with intact tissues. The study provides the robust and rapid techniques to exam the genomic stability in marine organisms in response to marine environmental changes and provide basic information for further mechanism research in stress responses in marine organisms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genotoxic%20impacts" title="genotoxic impacts">genotoxic impacts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in%20vivo%2Fvitro%20exposure" title=" in vivo/vitro exposure"> in vivo/vitro exposure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marine%20mussels" title=" marine mussels"> marine mussels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RAPD%20and%20comet%20assay" title=" RAPD and comet assay"> RAPD and comet assay</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84882/genetic-instabilities-in-marine-bivalve-following-benzoapyrene-exposure-utilization-of-combined-random-amplified-polymorphic-dna-and-comet-assay" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84882.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">278</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">174</span> Implications of Learning Resource Centre in a Web Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Darshana%20Lal">Darshana Lal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sonu%20Rana"> Sonu Rana </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Learning Resource Centers (LRC) are acquiring different kinds of documents like books, journals, thesis, dissertations, standard, databases etc. in print and e-form. This article deals with the different types of sources available in LRC. It also discusses the concept of the web, as a tool, as a multimedia system and the different interfaces available on the web. The reasons for establishing LRC are highlighted along with the assignments of LRC. Different features of LRC‘S like self-learning and group learning are described. It also implements a group of activities like reading, learning, educational etc. The use of LRC by students and faculties are given and concluded with the benefits. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internet" title="internet">internet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=search%20engine" title=" search engine"> search engine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resource%20centre" title=" resource centre"> resource centre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=opac" title=" opac"> opac</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-learning" title=" self-learning"> self-learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=group%20learning" title=" group learning"> group learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30874/implications-of-learning-resource-centre-in-a-web-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30874.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">173</span> Evaluation of Azo Dye Toxicity Using Some Haematological and Histopathological Alterations in Fish Catla Catla</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jagruti%20Barot">Jagruti Barot</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The textile industry plays a major role in the economy of India and on the other side of the coin it is the major source for water pollution. As azo dyes is the largest dye class they are extensively used in many fields such as textile industry, leather tanning industry, paper production, food, colour photography, pharmaceuticals and medicine, cosmetic, hair colourings, wood staining, agricultural, biological and chemical research etc. In addition to these, they can have acute and/or chronic effects on organisms depending on their concentration and length of exposure when they discharged as effluent in the environment. The aim of this study was to assess the genotoxic and histotoxic potentials of environmentally relevant concentrations of RR 120 on Catla catla, important edible freshwater fingerlings. For this, healthy Catla catla fingerlings were procured from the Government Fish Farm and acclimatized in 100 L capacity and continuously aerated glass aquarium in laboratory for 15 days. According to APHA some physic-chemical parameters were measured and maintained such as temperature, pH, dissolve oxygen, alkalinity, total hardness. Water along with excreta had been changed every 24 hrs. All fingerlings were fed artificial food palates once a day @ body weight. After 15 days fingerlings were grouped in 5 (10 in each) and exposed to various concentrations of RR 120 (Control, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg/L) and samples (peripheral blood and gills, kidney) were collected and analyzed at 96 hrs. of interval. All results were compared with the control. Micronuclei (MN), nuclear buds (NB), fragmented-apoptotic (FA) and bi-nucleated (BN) cells in blood cells and in tissues (gills and kidney cells) were observed. Prominent histopathological alterations were noticed in gills such as aneurism, hyperplasia, degenerated central axis, lifting of gill epithelium, curved secondary gill lamellae etc. Similarly kidney showed some detrimental changes like shrunken glomeruli with increased periglomerular space, degenerated renal tubules etc. Both haematological and histopathological changes clearly reveal the toxic potential of RR 120. This work concludes that water pollution assessment can be done by these two biomarkers which provide baseline to the further chromosomal or molecular work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micronuclei" title="micronuclei">micronuclei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genotoxicity" title=" genotoxicity"> genotoxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RR%20120" title=" RR 120"> RR 120</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Catla%20catla" title=" Catla catla "> Catla catla </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24396/evaluation-of-azo-dye-toxicity-using-some-haematological-and-histopathological-alterations-in-fish-catla-catla" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24396.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">207</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">172</span> Monitoring the Pollution Status of the Goan Coast Using Genotoxicity Biomarkers in the Bivalve, Meretrix ovum</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Avelyno%20D%27Costa">Avelyno D'Costa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20K.%20Shyama"> S. K. Shyama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20K.%20Praveen%20Kumar"> M. K. Praveen Kumar </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The coast of Goa, India receives constant anthropogenic stress through its major rivers which carry mining rejects of iron and manganese ores from upstream mining sites and petroleum hydrocarbons from shipping and harbor-related activities which put the aquatic fauna such as bivalves at risk. The present study reports the pollution status of the Goan coast by the above xenobiotics employing genotoxicity studies. This is further supplemented by the quantification of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) and various trace metals (iron, manganese, copper, cadmium, and lead) in gills of the estuarine clam, Meretrix ovum as well as from the surrounding water and sediment, over a two-year sampling period, from January 2013 to December 2014. Bivalves were collected from a probable unpolluted site at Palolem and a probable polluted site at Vasco, based upon the anthropogenic activities at these sites. Genotoxicity was assessed in the gill cells using the comet assay and micronucleus test. The quantity of TPHs and trace metals present in gill tissue, water and sediments were analyzed using spectrofluorometry and atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS), respectively. The statistical significance of data was analyzed employing Student’s t-test. The relationship between DNA damage and pollutant concentrations was evaluated using multiple regression analysis. Significant DNA damage was observed in the bivalves collected from Vasco which is a region of high industrial activity. Concentrations of TPHs and trace metals (iron, manganese, and cadmium) were also found to be significantly high in gills of the bivalves collected from Vasco compared to those collected from Palolem. Further, the concentrations of these pollutants were also found to be significantly high in the water and sediments at Vasco compared to that of Palolem. This may be due to the lack of industrial activity at Palolem. A high positive correlation was observed between the pollutant levels and DNA damage in the bivalves collected from Vasco suggesting the genotoxic nature of these pollutants. Further, M. ovum can be used as a bioindicator species for monitoring the level of pollution of the estuarine/coastal regions by TPHs and trace metals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comet%20assay" title="comet assay">comet assay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metals" title=" metals"> metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micronucleus%20test" title=" micronucleus test"> micronucleus test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20petroleum%20Hydrocarbons" title=" total petroleum Hydrocarbons"> total petroleum Hydrocarbons</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77794/monitoring-the-pollution-status-of-the-goan-coast-using-genotoxicity-biomarkers-in-the-bivalve-meretrix-ovum" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77794.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">237</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">171</span> Effects of Probiotic Pseudomonas fluorescens on the Growth Performance, Immune Modulation, and Histopathology of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nelson%20R.%20Osungbemiro">Nelson R. Osungbemiro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20A.%20Bello-Olusoji"> O. A. Bello-Olusoji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Oladipupo"> M. Oladipupo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was carried out to determine the effects of probiotics Pseudomonas fluorescens on the growth performance, histology examination and immune modulation of African Catfish, (Clarias gariepinus) challenged with Clostridium botulinum. P. fluorescens, and C. botulinum isolates were removed from the gut, gill and skin organs of procured adult samples of Clarias gariepinus from commercial fish farms in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. The physical and biochemical tests were performed on the bacterial isolates using standard microbiological techniques for their identification. Antibacterial activity tests on P. fluorescens showed inhibition zone with mean value of 3.7 mm which indicates high level of antagonism. The experimental diets were prepared at different probiotics bacterial concentration comprises of five treatments of different bacterial suspension, including the control (T1), T2 (10³), T3 (10⁵), T4 (10⁷) and T5 (10⁹). Three replicates for each treatment type were prepared. Growth performance and nutrients utilization indices were calculated. The proximate analysis of fish carcass and experimental diet was carried out using standard methods. After feeding for 70 days, haematological values and histological test were done following standard methods; also a subgroup from each experimental treatment was challenged by inoculating Intraperitonieally (I/P) with different concentration of pathogenic C. botulinum. Statistically, there were significant differences (P < 0.05) in the growth performance and nutrient utilization of C. gariepinus. Best weight gain and feed conversion ratio were recorded in fish fed T4 (10⁷) and poorest value obtained in the control. Haematological analyses of C. gariepinus fed the experimental diets indicated that all the fish fed diets with P. fluorescens had marked significantly (p < 0.05) higher White Blood Cell than the control diet. The results of the challenge test showed that fish fed the control diet had the highest mortality rate. Histological examination of the gill, intestine, and liver of fish in this study showed several histopathological alterations in fish fed the control diets compared with those fed the P. fluorescens diets. The study indicated that the optimum level of P. fluorescens required for C. gariepinus growth and white blood cells formation is 10⁷ CFU g⁻¹, while carcass protein deposition required 10⁵ CFU g⁻¹ of P. fluorescens concentration. The study also confirmed P. fluorescens as efficient probiotics that is capable of improving the immune response of C. gariepinus against the attack of a virulent fish pathogen, C. botulinum. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clarias%20gariepinus" title="Clarias gariepinus">Clarias gariepinus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clostridium%20botulinum" title=" Clostridium botulinum"> Clostridium botulinum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probiotics" title=" probiotics"> probiotics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pseudomonas%20fluorescens" title=" Pseudomonas fluorescens"> Pseudomonas fluorescens</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90399/effects-of-probiotic-pseudomonas-fluorescens-on-the-growth-performance-immune-modulation-and-histopathology-of-african-catfish-clarias-gariepinus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90399.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">163</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">170</span> Osteochondroma of Clivus: An Unusual Cause of Headache</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Faisal%20Khilji">Muhammad Faisal Khilji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rana%20Shoaib%20Hamid"> Rana Shoaib Hamid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asim%20Qureshi"> Asim Qureshi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A fifty years old female presented in the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital with complaints of migraine type headache for the last few months. Her last episode of headache was severe, increasing in intensity, associated with nausea but no fever, lasting more than 24 hours and not resolving with analgesics. On examination there was no neurological deficit. CT scan of brain showed a large Pedunculated, non-expansible, non-aggressive bony lesion in the clivus with its sharp fragment impinging into the pons. Findings were further confirmed with MRI brain. Trans-sphenoidal excision biopsy was done and histopathology proved the lesion to be osteochondroma of clivus. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osteochondroma" title="osteochondroma">osteochondroma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clivus" title=" clivus"> clivus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=headache" title=" headache"> headache</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CT%20scan" title=" CT scan"> CT scan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18982/osteochondroma-of-clivus-an-unusual-cause-of-headache" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18982.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">429</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">169</span> Task Scheduling on Parallel System Using Genetic Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jasbir%20Singh%20Gill">Jasbir Singh Gill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baljit%20Singh"> Baljit Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Scheduling and mapping the application task graph on multiprocessor parallel systems is considered as the most crucial and critical NP-complete problem. Many genetic algorithms have been proposed to solve such problems. In this paper, two genetic approach based algorithms have been designed and developed with or without task duplication. The proposed algorithms work on two fitness functions. The first fitness i.e. task fitness is used to minimize the total finish time of the schedule (schedule length) while the second fitness function i.e. process fitness is concerned with allocating the tasks to the available highly efficient processor from the list of available processors (load balance). Proposed genetic-based algorithms have been experimentally implemented and evaluated with other state-of-art popular and widely used algorithms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parallel%20computing" title="parallel computing">parallel computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=task%20scheduling" title=" task scheduling"> task scheduling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=task%20duplication" title=" task duplication"> task duplication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithm" title=" genetic algorithm"> genetic algorithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75569/task-scheduling-on-parallel-system-using-genetic-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75569.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">349</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">168</span> Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Estuarine Fish from Dhaka City Markets </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fahmida%20Khalique%20Nitu">Fahmida Khalique Nitu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Little is known on the biosafety level of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in estuarine fish in Bangladesh. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and concentration of V. parahaemolyticus in estuarine fishes using the Polymerase Chain Reaction( PCR) method . The study was conducted on 37 fishes of different species from different types of estuarine fish commonly sold at city markets. Sampling was done on the intestinal tract and gills of each fish. The prevalence of V. parahaemolyticus was found to be 29.72% with higher percentages detected in samples from the gills (89.28%) followed by the intestinal tract (10.71%). The density of Vibrio spp. in the gill of estuarine fishes with an average was 4.4 x103CFU/g and in the intestine samples was 1.5x103 CFU/g. The outcome of the biosafety assessment V. parahaemolyticus in estuarine fish indicates another potential source of food safety issues to consumers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosafety" title="biosafety">biosafety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=estuarine" title=" estuarine"> estuarine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prevalence" title=" prevalence"> prevalence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vibrios" title=" Vibrios"> Vibrios</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47113/prevalence-and-molecular-characterization-of-vibrio-parahaemolyticus-in-estuarine-fish-from-dhaka-city-markets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47113.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">279</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">167</span> Occurrence and Spatial Distribution of Pesticide Residues in Butter and Ghee (Clarified Butter Fat) in Punjab (India)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20S.%20Bedi">J. S. Bedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20P.%20S.%20Gill"> J. P. S. Gill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20S.%20Aulakh"> R. S. Aulakh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prabhjit%20Kaur"> Prabhjit Kaur </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study was undertaken to monitor organochlorine, organophosphate and synthetic pyrethroid pesticide residues in butter and ghee samples collected from six different districts of Punjab. The estimation of pesticide residues was done by multiple residue analytical technique using gas chromatography equipped with GC-ECD and GC-FTD. The confirmation of residues was done on gas chromatography mass spectrometry in both SIM and Scan mode. Results indicated the presence of HCH and pp DDE as predominant contaminant in both butter and ghee even after their ban/restriction on usage in India. Residues of HCH were detected in 25.5 and 23.2 % samples of butter and ghee, respectively, while residues of pp DDE were recorded in 29.3 and 25.0 % butter and ghee samples, respectively. More importantly, the presence of endosulfan, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, deltamethrin and chlorpyrifos was observed in few butter and ghee samples indicating the serious concerns. The spatial variation of pesticide residues occurrence indicated the cotton belt of Punjab as most affected. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=butter" title="butter">butter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ghee" title=" ghee"> ghee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pesticides%20residues" title=" pesticides residues"> pesticides residues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Punjab" title=" Punjab"> Punjab</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24490/occurrence-and-spatial-distribution-of-pesticide-residues-in-butter-and-ghee-clarified-butter-fat-in-punjab-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24490.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">428</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">166</span> Artificial Intelligence: Mathway and Its Features</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aroob%20Binhimd">Aroob Binhimd</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lyan%20Sayoti"> Lyan Sayoti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rana%20Almansour"> Rana Almansour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, artificial intelligence has grown drastically. This has led to the growth of educational programs to help students in solving educational problems and assist them in understanding certain topics. The purpose of this report is to investigate the Mathway application. Mathway is a mathematics software that teaches students how to solve and handle mathematical issues. The app allows students to insert questions manually on the platform or take a picture of the question, and then they get an answer to this mathematical question. It helps students enhance their performance in mathematics. This app can also be used to verify or check if their answers are correct. The report will include a questionnaire to collect data and analyze the users of this application. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title="artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mathway" title=" Mathway"> Mathway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematics" title=" mathematics"> mathematics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20problems" title=" mathematical problems"> mathematical problems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139827/artificial-intelligence-mathway-and-its-features" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139827.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">262</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">165</span> Determination of Heavy Metals (Cd, Pb, Hg, Cu, Fe, Mn, Al, As, Ni and Zn) in 6 Important Commercial Fish Species in North of Hormoz Strait</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majid%20Afkhami">Majid Afkhami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Ehsanpour"> Maryam Ehsanpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahra%20Khoshnood"> Zahra Khoshnood </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The concentrations of 10 heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Hg, Cu, Fe, Mn, Al, As, Ni, Zn) were measured in muscle, gill and liver of 6 species from Hormoz Strait in north coast of Persian Gulf in 12 months (April 2009 – March 2010). All samples were analyzed three times for Cd, Pb, Cu, Fe, Mn, Al, As, Ni, Zn by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and for Hg by LECO AMA254 Advanced Mercury Analyzer. Results of this study showed that iron had the highest concentration (total mean concentration) in all species, followed by Zn, Cu, Ni, Al, Pb, Mn, Cd, Hg and lowest concentration in three tissues was As. In addition, the accumulation of metals was species-dependent, and was higher in Scomberomorous commerson and Scomberomorous guttatus (p<0.05) and the lowest concentration was record in Pampus argenteus (p<0.05). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Persian%20Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metals" title=" heavy metals"> heavy metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hormoz%20strait" title=" Hormoz strait"> Hormoz strait</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Scomberomorous%20guttatus" title=" Scomberomorous guttatus"> Scomberomorous guttatus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Scomberomorous%20commerson" title=" Scomberomorous commerson"> Scomberomorous commerson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pampus%20argenteus" title=" Pampus argenteus"> Pampus argenteus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14326/determination-of-heavy-metals-cd-pb-hg-cu-fe-mn-al-as-ni-and-zn-in-6-important-commercial-fish-species-in-north-of-hormoz-strait" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14326.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">659</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">164</span> Effect of Process Parameters on Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded Aluminium Alloy Joints Using Factorial Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gurjinder%20Singh">Gurjinder Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ankur%20Gill"> Ankur Gill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amardeep%20Singh%20Kang"> Amardeep Singh Kang </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present work an effort has been made to study the influence of the welding parameters on tensile strength of friction stir welding of aluminum. Three process parameters tool rotation speed, welding speed, and shoulder diameter were selected for the study. Two level factorial design of eight runs was selected for conducting the experiments. The mathematical model was developed from the data obtained. The significance of coefficients and adequacy of developed models were tested by ‘t’ test and ‘F’ test respectively. The effects of process parameters on mechanical properties have been represented in the form of graphs for better understanding. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friction%20stir%20welding" title="friction stir welding">friction stir welding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminium%20alloy" title=" aluminium alloy"> aluminium alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20model" title=" mathematical model"> mathematical model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=welding%20speed" title=" welding speed "> welding speed </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16410/effect-of-process-parameters-on-mechanical-properties-of-friction-stir-welded-aluminium-alloy-joints-using-factorial-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16410.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">440</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rana%20Gill&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rana%20Gill&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rana%20Gill&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rana%20Gill&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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