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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_sue%C3%B1o_de_Nabucodonosor" title="El sueño de Nabucodonosor – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="El sueño de Nabucodonosor" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84_%DB%B2" title="دانیال ۲ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دانیال ۲" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_2" title="Daniel 2 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Daniel 2" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Daniel 2</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div style="float: left;">← <a href="/wiki/Daniel_1" title="Daniel 1">chapter 1</a></div><div style="float: right;"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel 3">chapter 3</a> →</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Songe_Nabuchodonosor_statue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Songe_Nabuchodonosor_statue.jpg/250px-Songe_Nabuchodonosor_statue.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="381" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Songe_Nabuchodonosor_statue.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="488" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><div style="width: 250px; text-align: center; line-height: 1em">Nebuchadnezzar's dream: the composite statue (France, 15th century)</div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Book</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Book of Daniel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Category</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ketuvim" title="Ketuvim">Ketuvim</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Christian Bible part</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Order in the Christian part</th><td class="infobox-data">27</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Daniel 2</b> (the second chapter of the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Book of Daniel</a>) tells how <a href="/wiki/Daniel_(biblical_figure)" title="Daniel (biblical figure)">Daniel</a> related and interpreted a dream of <a href="/wiki/Nebuchadnezzar_II" title="Nebuchadnezzar II">Nebuchadnezzar II</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Babylon" title="List of kings of Babylon">king of Babylon</a>. In his night dream, the king saw a gigantic statue made of four metals, from its head of gold to its feet of mingled iron and clay; as he watched, a stone "not cut by human hands" destroyed the statue and became a mountain filling the whole world. Daniel explained to the king that the statue represented four successive kingdoms beginning with <a href="/wiki/Neo-Babylonian_Empire" title="Neo-Babylonian Empire">Babylon</a>, while the stone and mountain signified a kingdom established by God which would never be destroyed nor given to another people. Nebuchadnezzar then acknowledges the supremacy of Daniel's God and raises him to high office in Babylon.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeow200331-33_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeow200331-33-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chapter 2 in its present form dates from no earlier than the first decades of the <a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid Empire</a> (312–63 BCE), but its roots may reach back to the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Babylon" title="Fall of Babylon">Fall of Babylon</a> (539 BCE) and the rise of the Persian <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Empire</a> (c. 550–330 BCE).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENewsomBreed201463-64_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENewsomBreed201463-64-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The overall theme of the Book of Daniel is God's sovereignty over history.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevine20101234_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevine20101234-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the human level Daniel is set against the Babylonian magicians who fail to interpret the king's dream, but the cosmic conflict is between the God of Israel and the false <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_religion" title="Babylonian religion">Babylonian gods</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHill200957–58_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHill200957–58-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> What counts is not Daniel's human gifts, nor his education in the arts of <a href="/wiki/Divination" title="Divination">divination</a>, but "<a href="/wiki/Chokmah" title="Chokmah">Divine Wisdom</a>" and the power that belongs to God alone, as Daniel indicates when he urges his companions to seek God's mercy for the interpretation of the king's dreams.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeow200337_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeow200337-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biblical_narrative">Biblical narrative</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_2&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biblical narrative"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the second year of his reign, <a href="/wiki/Nebuchadnezzar" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebuchadnezzar">Nebuchadnezzar</a>, King of <a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a>, is troubled by a dream. He summons his magicians and astrologers to interpret it, but demands that they first tell him what the dream was. They protest that no man can do such a thing, and Nebuchadnezzar orders that they all be executed. This decree also falls on Daniel, but he, through the agency of his God, is able to tell the king the dream. It was a dream of a great statue with a head of gold, arms and chest of silver, belly and thighs of bronze, legs of iron, and feet of mingled iron and clay. A great stone, not cut by human hands, fell on the feet of the statue and destroyed it, and the rock became a mountain that filled the whole world. Having related the dream, Daniel then interprets it: it concerns four successive kingdoms, beginning with Nebuchadnezzar, which will be replaced by the everlasting kingdom of the God of heaven. Hearing this, Nebuchadnezzar affirms that Daniel's god is "the God of gods and Lord of kings and revealer of mysteries". He lavishes gifts on Daniel and makes him chief of all the wise men and ruler over the province of Babylon.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeow200331-33_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeow200331-33-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composition_and_structure">Composition and structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_2&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Composition and structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title">Chapters of the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Book of Daniel</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Daniel%27s_Answer_to_the_King,_by_Briton_Riviere,_GMIII_MCAG_1937_123-001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Daniel's Answer to the King by Briton Rivière"><img alt="Daniel's Answer to the King by Briton Rivière" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Daniel%27s_Answer_to_the_King%2C_by_Briton_Riviere%2C_GMIII_MCAG_1937_123-001.jpg/100px-Daniel%27s_Answer_to_the_King%2C_by_Briton_Riviere%2C_GMIII_MCAG_1937_123-001.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Daniel%27s_Answer_to_the_King%2C_by_Briton_Riviere%2C_GMIII_MCAG_1937_123-001.jpg/150px-Daniel%27s_Answer_to_the_King%2C_by_Briton_Riviere%2C_GMIII_MCAG_1937_123-001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Daniel%27s_Answer_to_the_King%2C_by_Briton_Riviere%2C_GMIII_MCAG_1937_123-001.jpg/200px-Daniel%27s_Answer_to_the_King%2C_by_Briton_Riviere%2C_GMIII_MCAG_1937_123-001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="772" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="text-align:left; line-height:1.5em;padding-top:0.3em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_1" title="Daniel 1">Chapter 1: Induction into Babylon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chapter 2: Nebuchadnezzar's Dream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadrach,_Meshach,_and_Abednego" title="Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego">Chapter 3: The Fiery Furnace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_4" title="Daniel 4">Chapter 4: Nebuchadnezzar's Madness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belshazzar%27s_feast" title="Belshazzar's feast">Chapter 5: Belshazzar's Feast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_in_the_lions%27_den" title="Daniel in the lions' den">Chapter 6: Daniel in the Lions's Den</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_7" title="Daniel 7">Chapter 7: The Four Beasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_8" title="Daniel 8">Chapter 8: The Ram, He-Goat and Horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophecy_of_Seventy_Weeks" title="Prophecy of Seventy Weeks">Chapter 9: The Seventy Weeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel%27s_final_vision" title="Daniel's final vision">Chapters 10–12: Daniel's final vision</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Additions_to_Daniel" title="Additions to Daniel">Additions to Daniel</a>: </p> <ul><li>- <a href="/wiki/Prayer_of_Azariah_and_Song_of_the_Three_Holy_Children" title="Prayer of Azariah and Song of the Three Holy Children">Song of the Three Holy Children</a></li> <li>- <a href="/wiki/Susanna_(Book_of_Daniel)" title="Susanna (Book of Daniel)">Susanna and the Elders</a> (Daniel 13)</li> <li>- <a href="/wiki/Bel_and_the_Dragon" title="Bel and the Dragon">Bel and the Dragon</a> (Daniel 14)</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Daniel_chapters" title="Template:Daniel chapters"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Daniel_chapters" title="Template talk:Daniel chapters"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Daniel_chapters" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Daniel chapters"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Book_of_Daniel">Book of Daniel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_2&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Book of Daniel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel#structure" title="Book of Daniel">Book of Daniel § structure</a></div> <p>It is generally accepted that the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Book of Daniel</a> originated as a collection of <a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">folktales</a> among the Jewish community in Babylon and Mesopotamia in the Persian and early <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellenistic">Hellenistic</a> periods (5th to 3rd centuries BCE), expanded in the <a href="/wiki/Maccabeans" class="mw-redirect" title="Maccabeans">Maccabean</a> era (mid-2nd century) by the visions in chapters 7–12.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollins198429,34–35_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins198429,34–35-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern scholars agree that Daniel is a legendary figure;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollins198428_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins198428-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is possible that this name was chosen for the hero of the book because of his reputation as a wise seer in Hebrew tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERedditt2009176–177,_180_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERedditt2009176–177,_180-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tales are in the voice of an anonymous narrator, except for <a href="/wiki/Daniel_4" title="Daniel 4">chapter 4</a> which is in the form of a letter from king Nebuchadnezzar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWesselius2002295_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWesselius2002295-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first three verses of chapter 2 and part of verse 4 are in <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>. The remainder of chapter 2 and chapters 3–7 are in <a href="/wiki/Aramaic" title="Aramaic">Aramaic</a> and are in the form of a <a href="/wiki/Chiasmus" title="Chiasmus">chiasmus</a>, a poetic structure in which the main point or message of a passage is placed in the centre and framed by further repetitions on either side:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERedditt2009177_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERedditt2009177-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>A. (2:4b-49) – A dream of four kingdoms replaced by a fifth <ul><li>B. (3:1–30) – Daniel's three friends in the fiery furnace <ul><li>C. (4:1–37) – Daniel interprets a dream for Nebuchadnezzar</li> <li>C'. (5:1–31) – Daniel interprets the handwriting on the wall for Belshazzar</li></ul></li> <li>B'. (6:1–28) – Daniel in the lions' den</li></ul></li> <li>A'. (7:1–28) – A vision of four world kingdoms replaced by a fifth</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Daniel_2">Daniel 2</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_2&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Daniel 2"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Daniel 2 forms a chiasmus within the larger structure of Daniel 2–7:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMangano2001179_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMangano2001179-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>A. Introduction (<i>v</i>.1) <ul><li>B. The king and his unwise courtiers (<i>vv</i>.2–12) <ul><li>C. Daniel and Arioch (<i>vv</i>.13–16) <ul><li>D. Daniel and his friends pray to God (<i>vv</i>.17–23)</li></ul></li> <li>C'. Daniel and Arioch (<i>vv</i>.24–25)</li></ul></li> <li>B'. The king and Daniel, the wise courtier (<i>vv</i>.26–47)</li></ul></li> <li>A'. Result (<i>vv</i>.48–49)</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Daniel_1" title="Daniel 1">Chapter 1</a> and the first few lines of chapter 2 are in Hebrew, but in verse 4 the text says, in Hebrew, "Then the Chaldeans spoke to the king in <a href="/wiki/Aramaic" title="Aramaic">Aramaic</a>," and the book then continues in Aramaic until the end of chapter 7, where it switches back to Hebrew. No convincing explanation for this has been put forward.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETowner1993150_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETowner1993150-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chapter 2 in its present form dates from no earlier than the first decades of the <a href="/wiki/Seleucid_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Seleucid empire">Seleucid empire</a> (late 4th/early 3rd centuries BCE), but its roots may reach back to the fall of <a href="/wiki/Neo-Babylonian_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Babylonian empire">Babylon</a> and the rise of the Persian <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid" class="mw-redirect" title="Achaemenid">Achaemenid</a> empire, and some scholars have speculated that the dream of four kingdoms was originally a dream of four kings, Nebuchadnezzar and his four successors.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENewsomBreed201463-64_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENewsomBreed201463-64-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lack of linguistic continuity (the switch from Hebrew to Aramaic at verse 4), and of continuity with other parts of Daniel (e.g., the king needs an introduction to Daniel despite having interviewed him at the completion of his training in Daniel 1:18), as well as various instances of repetitiveness (see verses 28–30), are sometimes cited as evidence that later hands have edited the story, or as signs that the author was working from multiple sources.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHill200957_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHill200957-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genre_and_themes">Genre and themes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_2&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Genre and themes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Hague,_KB,_131_A_3,_Nebuchadnezzar%27s_statue.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/The_Hague%2C_KB%2C_131_A_3%2C_Nebuchadnezzar%27s_statue.jpeg/220px-The_Hague%2C_KB%2C_131_A_3%2C_Nebuchadnezzar%27s_statue.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="336" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/The_Hague%2C_KB%2C_131_A_3%2C_Nebuchadnezzar%27s_statue.jpeg/330px-The_Hague%2C_KB%2C_131_A_3%2C_Nebuchadnezzar%27s_statue.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/The_Hague%2C_KB%2C_131_A_3%2C_Nebuchadnezzar%27s_statue.jpeg/440px-The_Hague%2C_KB%2C_131_A_3%2C_Nebuchadnezzar%27s_statue.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1146" /></a><figcaption>Illustration of Nebuchadnezzar's statue from the 13th-century <i><a href="/wiki/Chroniques_de_la_Bible" class="mw-redirect" title="Chroniques de la Bible">Chroniques de la Bible</a></i> (The Hague, Royal Library of the Netherlands, 131 A 3, fol. 25)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genre">Genre</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_2&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Genre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Book of Daniel is an <a href="/wiki/Apocalypse" title="Apocalypse">apocalypse</a>, a literary genre in which a heavenly reality is revealed to a human recipient; such works are characterized by visions, symbolism, an other-worldly mediator, an emphasis on cosmic events, angels and demons, and pseudonymity (false authorship).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford200073_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford200073-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apocalypses were common from 300 BCE to 100 CE, not only among Jews and Christians, but Greeks, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a>, Persians and <a href="/wiki/Egyptians" title="Egyptians">Egyptians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavies2006397-406_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavies2006397-406-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daniel, the book's hero, is a representative apocalyptic seer, the recipient of the divine revelation: has learned the wisdom of the Babylonian magicians and surpassed them, because his God is the true source of knowledge; he is one of the <i>maskil</i>, the wise, whose task is to teach righteousness.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavies2006397-406_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavies2006397-406-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The book is also an <a href="/wiki/Eschatology" title="Eschatology">eschatology</a>, meaning a divine revelation concerning the end of the present age, a moment in which God will intervene in history to usher in the final kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarroll2000420-421_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarroll2000420-421-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Daniel 2 exhibits both these genres, but it is also made up numerous <a href="/wiki/Literary_genre" title="Literary genre">subgenres</a>: a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Court_tale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Court tale (page does not exist)">court tale</a>, a dream report, a legend, an <a href="/wiki/Aretalogy" title="Aretalogy">aretalogy</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Doxology" title="Doxology">doxology</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Midrash" title="Midrash">midrash</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHill200957_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHill200957-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In folkloric terms it can be typified as a "court legend," a story set in the royal court, concerned with wonderful events and containing an edifying message.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollins198449_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins198449-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plot of such tales (another example is the story of Joseph and Pharaoh in Genesis 41) is as follows: a person of low status is called before a person of high status to answer a difficult question or to solve a riddle; the high-status person poses the problem but none present can solve; the person of low status solves it and is rewarded.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollins198449-50_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins198449-50-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Themes">Themes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_2&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Themes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The overall theme of the Book of Daniel is God's sovereignty over history,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevine20101234_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevine20101234-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the theme of the tales in chapters 1–6 is that God is sovereign over all earthly kings.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENewsomBreed201463_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENewsomBreed201463-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Daniel 2 these two merge, and the claim of God's sovereignty extends beyond the immediate story to take in all of history.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENewsomBreed201463_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENewsomBreed201463-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the human level Daniel is set against the Babylonian magicians who fail to interpret the king's dream, but the cosmic conflict is between the God of Israel and the false <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_religion" title="Babylonian religion">Babylonian gods</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHill200957–58_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHill200957–58-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> What counts is not Daniel's human gifts, nor his education in the arts of divination, but "Divine Wisdom" and the power that belongs to God alone, as Daniel indicates when he urges his companions to seek God's mercy for the interpretation of the king's dreams.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeow200337_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeow200337-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interpretation">Interpretation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_2&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Interpretation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BLW_Stained_Glass_-_Scene_from_the_Story_of_Daniel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/BLW_Stained_Glass_-_Scene_from_the_Story_of_Daniel.jpg/220px-BLW_Stained_Glass_-_Scene_from_the_Story_of_Daniel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/BLW_Stained_Glass_-_Scene_from_the_Story_of_Daniel.jpg/330px-BLW_Stained_Glass_-_Scene_from_the_Story_of_Daniel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/BLW_Stained_Glass_-_Scene_from_the_Story_of_Daniel.jpg/440px-BLW_Stained_Glass_-_Scene_from_the_Story_of_Daniel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Daniel intercedes with <a href="/wiki/Arioch" title="Arioch">Arioch</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overview:_dreams_in_the_ancient_world">Overview: dreams in the ancient world</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_2&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Overview: dreams in the ancient world"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the ancient world, dreams, especially those of kings, were regarded as <a href="/wiki/Portents" class="mw-redirect" title="Portents">portents</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevine20101235-1236,_footnote_2.1–13_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevine20101235-1236,_footnote_2.1–13-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An inscription of the historic Babylonian king <a href="/wiki/Nabonidus" title="Nabonidus">Nabonidus</a>, for example, tells of a dream he had of his great predecessor Nebuchadnezzar, mentioning a young man who appeared in the dream to reassure him that it was not an evil portent.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENewsomBreed201466-67_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENewsomBreed201466-67-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Giant figures were frequent in ancient dream records, and parallels can be drawn from Greek (<a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a>'s <i>Works and Days</i>), Latin (<a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>'s <i>Metamorphosis</i>) and the Persian <i><a href="/wiki/Bahman_Yasht" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahman Yasht">Bahman Yasht</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevine20101237-1238,_footnote_2.31–35_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevine20101237-1238,_footnote_2.31–35-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The king's behaviour implies a distrust of his court dream-interpreters, and sets the scene for his later celebration of Daniel's God. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevine20101235-1236,_footnote_2.1–13_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevine20101235-1236,_footnote_2.1–13-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The secret of Nebuchadnezzar's dream is called a "mystery," a term found in the scrolls from <a href="/wiki/Qumran" title="Qumran">Qumran</a> indicating a secret that can be learned through divine wisdom; appropriately, Daniel receives the divine wisdom as a "vision of the night", a dream.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevine20101236,_footnote_2.14–19_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevine20101236,_footnote_2.14–19-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daniel 2:20–23 emphasizes the Divine as a repository of wisdom and the controller of the destiny of kings; such hymns and prayers are typical of <a href="/wiki/Postexilic" class="mw-redirect" title="Postexilic">postexilic</a> biblical narratives.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevine20101237,_footnote_2.20–23_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevine20101237,_footnote_2.20–23-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally Nebuchadnezzar prostrates himself before Daniel and commands that offerings and incense be offered to him, suggesting that he views Daniel as divine; nevertheless, although he acknowledges and respects the god of Daniel, he is not a convert.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevine20101238-1239,_footnote_2.36–47_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevine20101238-1239,_footnote_2.36–47-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_four_world_kingdoms_and_the_rock">The four world kingdoms and the rock</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_2&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: The four world kingdoms and the rock"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Four_kingdoms_of_Daniel" title="Four kingdoms of Daniel">Four kingdoms of Daniel</a></div> <p>Most modern scholars agree that the four world empires symbolised by the statue are Babylon (the head), the Medes (arms and shoulders), Persia (thighs and legs) and Seleucid Syria and Ptolemaic Egypt (the feet).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETowner198436_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETowner198436-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The concept of four successive world empires is drawn from Greek theories of mythological history, while the symbolism of the four metals is drawn from Persian writings.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiskanen200427,31_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENiskanen200427,31-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The consensus among scholars is that the four beasts of chapter 7 symbolise the same four world empires.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatthewsMoyer2012260,269_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatthewsMoyer2012260,269-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Verses 41b-43 give three different interpretations of the meaning of the mixture of iron and clay in the statue's feet, as a "divided kingdom," then as "strong and brittle," and finally as a dynastic marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollins198449_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins198449-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The marriage might be a reference to either of two between the Seleucids and the Ptolemies, the first in c.250 BCE and the second in 193.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollins198451_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins198451-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The symbolic significance of the stone which destroys the statue and becomes a mountain evokes biblical imagery of God as the "rock" of Israel, <a href="/wiki/Zion" title="Zion">Zion</a> as a mountain rising above all others, and God's glory filling the whole world. Images from the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Isaiah" title="Book of Isaiah">Book of Isaiah</a> seem to be especially favoured. Whether the author was conscious of it or not, the image of the shattered statue blown away in the wind like chaff from the threshing floor brings to mind Isaiah 41:14–15 where Israel is a threshing sled that turns mountains into chaff, and the rock itself reflects the address to the Judean exiles in Isaiah 51:1, "look to the rock from which you were hewn."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENewsomBreed201477_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENewsomBreed201477-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Christian_eschatological_readings">Christian eschatological readings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_2&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Christian eschatological readings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The traditional interpretation of the dream identifies the four empires as the Babylonian (the head), Medo-Persian (arms and shoulders), Greek (thighs and legs), and Roman (the feet) empires.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller199496_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller199496-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_2&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_dream_interpretation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jewish dream interpretation (page does not exist)">Jewish dream interpretation</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_2&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_2&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESeow200331-33-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeow200331-33_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeow200331-33_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSeow2003">Seow 2003</a>, p. 31-33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENewsomBreed201463-64-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENewsomBreed201463-64_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENewsomBreed201463-64_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNewsomBreed2014">Newsom & Breed 2014</a>, p. 63-64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELevine20101234-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevine20101234_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevine20101234_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLevine2010">Levine 2010</a>, p. 1234.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHill200957–58-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHill200957–58_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHill200957–58_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHill2009">Hill 2009</a>, pp. 57–58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESeow200337-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeow200337_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeow200337_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSeow2003">Seow 2003</a>, p. 37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins198429,34–35-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollins198429,34–35_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCollins1984">Collins 1984</a>, p. 29,34–35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins198428-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollins198428_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCollins1984">Collins 1984</a>, p. 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERedditt2009176–177,_180-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERedditt2009176–177,_180_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRedditt2009">Redditt 2009</a>, pp. 176–177, 180.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWesselius2002295-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWesselius2002295_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWesselius2002">Wesselius 2002</a>, p. 295.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERedditt2009177-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERedditt2009177_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRedditt2009">Redditt 2009</a>, p. 177.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMangano2001179-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMangano2001179_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMangano2001">Mangano 2001</a>, p. 179.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETowner1993150-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETowner1993150_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTowner1993">Towner 1993</a>, p. 150.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHill200957-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHill200957_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHill200957_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHill2009">Hill 2009</a>, p. 57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford200073-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford200073_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrawford2000">Crawford 2000</a>, p. 73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavies2006397-406-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavies2006397-406_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavies2006397-406_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavies2006">Davies 2006</a>, p. 397-406.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarroll2000420-421-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarroll2000420-421_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarroll2000">Carroll 2000</a>, p. 420-421.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins198449-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollins198449_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollins198449_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCollins1984">Collins 1984</a>, p. 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins198449-50-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollins198449-50_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCollins1984">Collins 1984</a>, p. 49-50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENewsomBreed201463-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENewsomBreed201463_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENewsomBreed201463_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNewsomBreed2014">Newsom & Breed 2014</a>, p. 63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELevine20101235-1236,_footnote_2.1–13-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevine20101235-1236,_footnote_2.1–13_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevine20101235-1236,_footnote_2.1–13_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLevine2010">Levine 2010</a>, p. 1235-1236, footnote 2.1–13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENewsomBreed201466-67-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENewsomBreed201466-67_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNewsomBreed2014">Newsom & Breed 2014</a>, p. 66-67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELevine20101237-1238,_footnote_2.31–35-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevine20101237-1238,_footnote_2.31–35_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLevine2010">Levine 2010</a>, p. 1237-1238, footnote 2.31–35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELevine20101236,_footnote_2.14–19-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevine20101236,_footnote_2.14–19_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLevine2010">Levine 2010</a>, p. 1236, footnote 2.14–19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELevine20101237,_footnote_2.20–23-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevine20101237,_footnote_2.20–23_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLevine2010">Levine 2010</a>, p. 1237, footnote 2.20–23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELevine20101238-1239,_footnote_2.36–47-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevine20101238-1239,_footnote_2.36–47_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLevine2010">Levine 2010</a>, p. 1238-1239, footnote 2.36–47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETowner198436-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETowner198436_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTowner1984">Towner 1984</a>, p. 36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENiskanen200427,31-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiskanen200427,31_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNiskanen2004">Niskanen 2004</a>, p. 27,31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatthewsMoyer2012260,269-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatthewsMoyer2012260,269_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMatthewsMoyer2012">Matthews & Moyer 2012</a>, p. 260,269.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins198451-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollins198451_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCollins1984">Collins 1984</a>, p. 51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENewsomBreed201477-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENewsomBreed201477_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNewsomBreed2014">Newsom & Breed 2014</a>, p. 77.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller199496-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller199496_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiller1994">Miller 1994</a>, p. 96.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_2&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBandstra2008" class="citation book cs1">Bandstra, Barry L. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vRY9mTUZKJcC&q=Bandstra"><i>Reading the Old Testament: An Introduction to the Hebrew Bible</i></a>. Wadsworth Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0495391050" title="Special:BookSources/978-0495391050"><bdi>978-0495391050</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reading+the+Old+Testament%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+Hebrew+Bible&rft.pub=Wadsworth+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0495391050&rft.aulast=Bandstra&rft.aufirst=Barry+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvRY9mTUZKJcC%26q%3DBandstra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBeckwith2012" class="citation book cs1">Beckwith, Carl L. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gSMDd60ohdkC&q=Beckwith+Ezekiel%2C+Daniel"><i>Ezekiel, Daniel</i></a>. IVP Academic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780830829620" title="Special:BookSources/9780830829620"><bdi>9780830829620</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ezekiel%2C+Daniel&rft.pub=IVP+Academic&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780830829620&rft.aulast=Beckwith&rft.aufirst=Carl+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgSMDd60ohdkC%26q%3DBeckwith%2BEzekiel%252C%2BDaniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBoyer1992" class="citation book cs1">Boyer, Paul S. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FyTeW7vQ8K4C&q=When+Time+Shall+be+No+More+By+Paul+S.+Boyer"><i>When Time Shall Be No More: Prophecy Belief in Modern American Culture</i></a>. Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-95129-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-95129-8"><bdi>0-674-95129-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=When+Time+Shall+Be+No+More%3A+Prophecy+Belief+in+Modern+American+Culture&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-674-95129-8&rft.aulast=Boyer&rft.aufirst=Paul+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFyTeW7vQ8K4C%26q%3DWhen%2BTime%2BShall%2Bbe%2BNo%2BMore%2BBy%2BPaul%2BS.%2BBoyer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrettler2005" class="citation book cs1">Brettler, Mark Zvi (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=39nQafdJ_ssC&q=Brettler"><i>How To Read the Bible</i></a>. Jewish Publication Society. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780827610019" title="Special:BookSources/9780827610019"><bdi>9780827610019</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+To+Read+the+Bible&rft.pub=Jewish+Publication+Society&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780827610019&rft.aulast=Brettler&rft.aufirst=Mark+Zvi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D39nQafdJ_ssC%26q%3DBrettler&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCarroll2000" class="citation book cs1">Carroll, John T. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qRtUqxkB7wkC&q=Eerdmans+Dictionary+of+the+Bible+eschatology&pg=PA422">"Eschatology"</a>. In Freedman, David Noel; Myers, Allen C. (eds.). <i>Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible</i>. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789053565032" title="Special:BookSources/9789053565032"><bdi>9789053565032</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Eschatology&rft.btitle=Eerdmans+Dictionary+of+the+Bible&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9789053565032&rft.aulast=Carroll&rft.aufirst=John+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqRtUqxkB7wkC%26q%3DEerdmans%2BDictionary%2Bof%2Bthe%2BBible%2Beschatology%26pg%3DPA422&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCohn2006" class="citation book cs1">Cohn, Shaye J.D. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H5hLLIrh6n8C&q=From+the+Maccabees+to+the+Mishnah"><i>From the Maccabees to the Mishnah</i></a>. Westminster John Knox Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780664227432" title="Special:BookSources/9780664227432"><bdi>9780664227432</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+the+Maccabees+to+the+Mishnah&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780664227432&rft.aulast=Cohn&rft.aufirst=Shaye+J.D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH5hLLIrh6n8C%26q%3DFrom%2Bthe%2BMaccabees%2Bto%2Bthe%2BMishnah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCollins1984" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_J._Collins" title="John J. Collins">Collins, John J.</a> (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9r_Zs7T1nCMC&q=Daniel:+with+an+introduction+to+apocalyptic+literature"><i>Daniel: With an Introduction to Apocalyptic Literature</i></a>. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802800206" title="Special:BookSources/9780802800206"><bdi>9780802800206</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Daniel%3A+With+an+Introduction+to+Apocalyptic+Literature&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=9780802800206&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9r_Zs7T1nCMC%26q%3DDaniel%3A%2Bwith%2Ban%2Bintroduction%2Bto%2Bapocalyptic%2Bliterature&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCollins1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_J._Collins" title="John J. Collins">Collins, John J.</a> (1998). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/apocalypticimagi0000coll_f4q8"><i>The Apocalyptic Imagination: An Introduction to Jewish Apocalyptic Literature</i></a></span>. Eerdmans. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/apocalypticimagi0000coll_f4q8/page/103">103</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802843715" title="Special:BookSources/9780802843715"><bdi>9780802843715</bdi></a>. <q>Son of Man: The interpretation and influence of Daniel 7.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Apocalyptic+Imagination%3A+An+Introduction+to+Jewish+Apocalyptic+Literature&rft.pages=103&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780802843715&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fapocalypticimagi0000coll_f4q8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCollins2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_J._Collins" title="John J. Collins">Collins, John J.</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oAVPfTe_wkYC&pg=PA2">"Current Issues in the Study of Daniel"</a>. In Collins, John J.; Flint, Peter W.; VanEpps, Cameron (eds.). <i>The Book of Daniel: Composition and Reception</i>. Vol. I. BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9004116753" title="Special:BookSources/9004116753"><bdi>9004116753</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Current+Issues+in+the+Study+of+Daniel&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Daniel%3A+Composition+and+Reception&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9004116753&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoAVPfTe_wkYC%26pg%3DPA2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCollins2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_J._Collins" title="John J. Collins">Collins, John J.</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7UlbWioOV7sC&q=From+Prophecy+to+Apocalypticism&pg=PA64">"From Prophecy to Apocalypticism: The Expectation of the End"</a>. In McGinn, Bernard; Collins, John J.; Stein, Stephen J. (eds.). <i>The Continuum History of Apocalypticism</i>. Continuum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780826415202" title="Special:BookSources/9780826415202"><bdi>9780826415202</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=From+Prophecy+to+Apocalypticism%3A+The+Expectation+of+the+End&rft.btitle=The+Continuum+History+of+Apocalypticism&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780826415202&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7UlbWioOV7sC%26q%3DFrom%2BProphecy%2Bto%2BApocalypticism%26pg%3DPA64&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCoogan2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Coogan" title="Michael Coogan">Coogan, Michael</a> (2009). <i>A Brief Introduction to the Old Testament</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 400.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Brief+Introduction+to+the+Old+Testament&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=400&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Coogan&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCrawford2000" class="citation book cs1">Crawford, Sidnie White (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qRtUqxkB7wkC&q=Eerdmans+Dictionary+of+the+Bible+apocalyptic&pg=PA73">"Apocalyptic"</a>. In Freedman, David Noel; Myers, Allen C. (eds.). <i>Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible</i>. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789053565032" title="Special:BookSources/9789053565032"><bdi>9789053565032</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Apocalyptic&rft.btitle=Eerdmans+Dictionary+of+the+Bible&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9789053565032&rft.aulast=Crawford&rft.aufirst=Sidnie+White&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqRtUqxkB7wkC%26q%3DEerdmans%2BDictionary%2Bof%2Bthe%2BBible%2Bapocalyptic%26pg%3DPA73&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDavidson1993" class="citation book cs1">Davidson, Robert (1993). "Jeremiah, Book of". In Metzger, Bruce M.; Coogan, Michael D. (eds.). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195046458"><i>The Oxford Companion to the Bible</i></a></span>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199743919" title="Special:BookSources/9780199743919"><bdi>9780199743919</bdi></a>. <q>Jeremiah Book Of</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Jeremiah%2C+Book+of&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+the+Bible&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9780199743919&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780195046458&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDavies2006" class="citation book cs1">Davies, Philip (2006). "Apocalyptic". In Rogerson, J. W.; Lieu, Judith M. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eKZYMifS1fAC&q=Daniel"><i>The Oxford Handbook of Biblical Studies</i></a>. Oxford Handbooks Online. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199254255" title="Special:BookSources/9780199254255"><bdi>9780199254255</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Apocalyptic&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Biblical+Studies&rft.pub=Oxford+Handbooks+Online&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780199254255&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeKZYMifS1fAC%26q%3DDaniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDeChant2009" class="citation book cs1">DeChant, Dell (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=34vGv_HDGG8C&q=influence+book+daniel+adventist&pg=PA237">"Apocalyptic Communities"</a>. In Neusner, Jacob (ed.). <i>World Religions in America: An Introduction</i>. Westminster John Knox Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781611640472" title="Special:BookSources/9781611640472"><bdi>9781611640472</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Apocalyptic+Communities&rft.btitle=World+Religions+in+America%3A+An+Introduction&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781611640472&rft.aulast=DeChant&rft.aufirst=Dell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D34vGv_HDGG8C%26q%3Dinfluence%2Bbook%2Bdaniel%2Badventist%26pg%3DPA237&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDoukhan2000" class="citation book cs1">Doukhan, Jacques (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hXSW1QBB2KIC"><i>Secrets of Daniel: wisdom and dreams of a Jewish prince in exile</i></a>. Review and Herald Pub Assoc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780828014243" title="Special:BookSources/9780828014243"><bdi>9780828014243</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Secrets+of+Daniel%3A+wisdom+and+dreams+of+a+Jewish+prince+in+exile&rft.pub=Review+and+Herald+Pub+Assoc&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780828014243&rft.aulast=Doukhan&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhXSW1QBB2KIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDunn2002" class="citation book cs1">Dunn, James D.G. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kvtbNQtMqEUC&q=The+Danielic+Son+of+Man+in+the+New+Testament&pg=PA545">"The Danilic Son of Man in the New Testament"</a>. In Collins, John J.; Flint, Peter W.; VanEpps, Cameron (eds.). <i>The Book of Daniel: Composition and Reception</i>. BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0391041282" title="Special:BookSources/0391041282"><bdi>0391041282</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Danilic+Son+of+Man+in+the+New+Testament&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Daniel%3A+Composition+and+Reception&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0391041282&rft.aulast=Dunn&rft.aufirst=James+D.G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkvtbNQtMqEUC%26q%3DThe%2BDanielic%2BSon%2Bof%2BMan%2Bin%2Bthe%2BNew%2BTestament%26pg%3DPA545&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGallagher2011" class="citation book cs1">Gallagher, Eugene V. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=58bNBYPnGg0C&q=Millennialism%2C+scripture%2C+and+tradition&pg=PA133">"Millennialism, Scripture, and Tradition"</a>. In Wessinger, Catherine (ed.). <i>The Oxford Handbook of Millennialism</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195301052" title="Special:BookSources/9780195301052"><bdi>9780195301052</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Millennialism%2C+Scripture%2C+and+Tradition&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Millennialism&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780195301052&rft.aulast=Gallagher&rft.aufirst=Eugene+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D58bNBYPnGg0C%26q%3DMillennialism%252C%2Bscripture%252C%2Band%2Btradition%26pg%3DPA133&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGoldingay2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_J._Collins" title="John J. Collins">Goldingay, John J.</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kvtbNQtMqEUC&q=%22chapters+2+and+7+form+a+pair%22&pg=PA642">"Daniel in the Context of OT Theology"</a>. In Collins, John J.; Flint, Peter W.; VanEpps, Cameron (eds.). <i>The Book of Daniel: Composition and Reception</i>. Vol. II. BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0391041282" title="Special:BookSources/0391041282"><bdi>0391041282</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Daniel+in+the+Context+of+OT+Theology&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Daniel%3A+Composition+and+Reception&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0391041282&rft.aulast=Goldingay&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkvtbNQtMqEUC%26q%3D%2522chapters%2B2%2Band%2B7%2Bform%2Ba%2Bpair%2522%26pg%3DPA642&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGrabbe2010" class="citation book cs1">Grabbe, Lester L. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i89-9fdNUcAC&q=Grabbe"><i>An Introduction to Second Temple Judaism: History and Religion of the Jews in the Time of Nehemiah, the Maccabees, Hillel, and Jesus</i></a>. Continuum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780567552488" title="Special:BookSources/9780567552488"><bdi>9780567552488</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Second+Temple+Judaism%3A+History+and+Religion+of+the+Jews+in+the+Time+of+Nehemiah%2C+the+Maccabees%2C+Hillel%2C+and+Jesus&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780567552488&rft.aulast=Grabbe&rft.aufirst=Lester+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Di89-9fdNUcAC%26q%3DGrabbe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGrabbe2002" class="citation book cs1">Grabbe, Lester L. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ES2oy3IHBx0C&q=Daniel+1&pg=PA282"><i>Judaic Religion in the Second Temple Period: Belief and Practice from the Exile to Yavneh</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780203461013" title="Special:BookSources/9780203461013"><bdi>9780203461013</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Judaic+Religion+in+the+Second+Temple+Period%3A+Belief+and+Practice+from+the+Exile+to+Yavneh&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780203461013&rft.aulast=Grabbe&rft.aufirst=Lester+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DES2oy3IHBx0C%26q%3DDaniel%2B1%26pg%3DPA282&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGrabbe2002" class="citation book cs1">Grabbe, Lester L. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oAVPfTe_wkYC&pg=PA2">"A Dan(iel) For All Seasons"</a>. In Collins, John J.; Flint, Peter W.; VanEpps, Cameron (eds.). <i>The Book of Daniel: Composition and Reception</i>. BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9004116753" title="Special:BookSources/9004116753"><bdi>9004116753</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Dan%28iel%29+For+All+Seasons&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Daniel%3A+Composition+and+Reception&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9004116753&rft.aulast=Grabbe&rft.aufirst=Lester+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoAVPfTe_wkYC%26pg%3DPA2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHammer1976" class="citation book cs1">Hammer, Raymond (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w0VmxeM472EC&q=Hammer,+The+Book+of+Daniel"><i>The Book of Daniel</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521097659" title="Special:BookSources/9780521097659"><bdi>9780521097659</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Daniel&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=9780521097659&rft.aulast=Hammer&rft.aufirst=Raymond&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw0VmxeM472EC%26q%3DHammer%2C%2BThe%2BBook%2Bof%2BDaniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHarrington1999" class="citation book cs1">Harrington, Daniel J. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=L6zJG-9BZMQC&q=Harrington"><i>Invitation to the Apocrypha</i></a>. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802846334" title="Special:BookSources/9780802846334"><bdi>9780802846334</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Invitation+to+the+Apocrypha&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780802846334&rft.aulast=Harrington&rft.aufirst=Daniel+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DL6zJG-9BZMQC%26q%3DHarrington&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHill2009" class="citation book cs1">Hill, Andrew E. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_VWQlEQGW-oC&q=%22literary+unity+of+this+chapter+has+for+several+reasons+been+disputed%22&pg=PT92">"Daniel-Malachi"</a>. In Longman, Tremper; Garland, David E. (eds.). <i>The Expositor's Bible Commentary</i>. Vol. 8. <a href="/wiki/Zondervan" title="Zondervan">Zondervan</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780310590545" title="Special:BookSources/9780310590545"><bdi>9780310590545</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Daniel-Malachi&rft.btitle=The+Expositor%27s+Bible+Commentary&rft.pub=Zondervan&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780310590545&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=Andrew+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_VWQlEQGW-oC%26q%3D%2522literary%2Bunity%2Bof%2Bthis%2Bchapter%2Bhas%2Bfor%2Bseveral%2Breasons%2Bbeen%2Bdisputed%2522%26pg%3DPT92&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHill2000" class="citation book cs1">Hill, Charles E. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qRtUqxkB7wkC&q=Eerdmans+Dictionary+of+the+Bible+antichrist&pg=PA67">"Antichrist"</a>. In Freedman, David Noel; Myers, Allen C. (eds.). <i>Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible</i>. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789053565032" title="Special:BookSources/9789053565032"><bdi>9789053565032</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Antichrist&rft.btitle=Eerdmans+Dictionary+of+the+Bible&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9789053565032&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=Charles+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqRtUqxkB7wkC%26q%3DEerdmans%2BDictionary%2Bof%2Bthe%2BBible%2Bantichrist%26pg%3DPA67&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHolbrook1986" class="citation book cs1">Holbrook, Frank B. (1986). <i>The Seventy Weeks, Leviticus, and the Nature of Prophecy</i> (Volume 3 of Daniel and Revelation Committee Series ed.). Biblical Research Institute, General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0925675024" title="Special:BookSources/0925675024"><bdi>0925675024</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Seventy+Weeks%2C+Leviticus%2C+and+the+Nature+of+Prophecy&rft.edition=Volume+3+of+Daniel+and+Revelation+Committee+Series&rft.pub=Biblical+Research+Institute%2C+General+Conference+of+Seventh-day+Adventists&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0925675024&rft.aulast=Holbrook&rft.aufirst=Frank+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHorsley2007" class="citation book cs1">Horsley, Richard A. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ukojCH-hlVYC&q=Scribes%2C+Visionaries%2C+and+the+Politics+of+Second+Temple+Judea"><i>Scribes, Visionaries, and the Politics of Second Temple Judea</i></a>. Presbyterian Publishing Corp. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780664229917" title="Special:BookSources/9780664229917"><bdi>9780664229917</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scribes%2C+Visionaries%2C+and+the+Politics+of+Second+Temple+Judea&rft.pub=Presbyterian+Publishing+Corp&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780664229917&rft.aulast=Horsley&rft.aufirst=Richard+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DukojCH-hlVYC%26q%3DScribes%252C%2BVisionaries%252C%2Band%2Bthe%2BPolitics%2Bof%2BSecond%2BTemple%2BJudea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKnibb2009" class="citation book cs1">Knibb, Michael (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NC6iAkcBe4IC&q=The+Exile+in+the+literature+of+the+intertestamental+period&pg=PA191"><i>Essays on the Book of Enoch and Other Early Jewish Texts and Traditions</i></a>. BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004167254" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004167254"><bdi>978-9004167254</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Essays+on+the+Book+of+Enoch+and+Other+Early+Jewish+Texts+and+Traditions&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-9004167254&rft.aulast=Knibb&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNC6iAkcBe4IC%26q%3DThe%2BExile%2Bin%2Bthe%2Bliterature%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bintertestamental%2Bperiod%26pg%3DPA191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKnibb2002" class="citation book cs1">Knibb, Michael (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oAVPfTe_wkYC&pg=PA2">"The Book of Daniel in its Context"</a>. In Collins, John J.; Flint, Peter W.; VanEpps, Cameron (eds.). <i>The Book of Daniel: Composition and Reception</i>. BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9004116753" title="Special:BookSources/9004116753"><bdi>9004116753</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Book+of+Daniel+in+its+Context&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Daniel%3A+Composition+and+Reception&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9004116753&rft.aulast=Knibb&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoAVPfTe_wkYC%26pg%3DPA2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKoch2002" class="citation book cs1">Koch, Klaus (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kvtbNQtMqEUC&q=Stages+in+the+canonization+of+the+book+of+daniel&pg=PA421">"Stages in the Canonization of the Book of Daniel"</a>. In Collins, John J.; Flint, Peter W.; VanEpps, Cameron (eds.). <i>The Book of Daniel: Composition and Reception</i>. BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0391041282" title="Special:BookSources/0391041282"><bdi>0391041282</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Stages+in+the+Canonization+of+the+Book+of+Daniel&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Daniel%3A+Composition+and+Reception&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0391041282&rft.aulast=Koch&rft.aufirst=Klaus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkvtbNQtMqEUC%26q%3DStages%2Bin%2Bthe%2Bcanonization%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bbook%2Bof%2Bdaniel%26pg%3DPA421&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKratz2002" class="citation book cs1">Kratz, Reinhard (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oAVPfTe_wkYC&pg=PA2">"The Visions of Daniel"</a>. In Collins, John J.; Flint, Peter W.; VanEpps, Cameron (eds.). <i>The Book of Daniel: Composition and Reception</i>. BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9004116753" title="Special:BookSources/9004116753"><bdi>9004116753</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Visions+of+Daniel&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Daniel%3A+Composition+and+Reception&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9004116753&rft.aulast=Kratz&rft.aufirst=Reinhard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoAVPfTe_wkYC%26pg%3DPA2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLevine2010" class="citation book cs1">Levine, Amy-Jill (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jTYdAgAAQBAJ&q=%22Dreams+are+a+major+motif+in+the+Book+of+Daniel%22&pg=PA1235">"Daniel"</a>. In Coogan, Michael D.; Brettler, Marc Z.; Newsom, Carol A. (eds.). <i>The new Oxford annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical books : New Revised Standard Version</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199370504" title="Special:BookSources/9780199370504"><bdi>9780199370504</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Daniel&rft.btitle=The+new+Oxford+annotated+Bible+with+the+Apocryphal%2FDeuterocanonical+books+%3A+New+Revised+Standard+Version&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780199370504&rft.aulast=Levine&rft.aufirst=Amy-Jill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjTYdAgAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522Dreams%2Bare%2Ba%2Bmajor%2Bmotif%2Bin%2Bthe%2BBook%2Bof%2BDaniel%2522%26pg%3DPA1235&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLucas2005" class="citation book cs1">Lucas, Ernest C. (2005). "Daniel, Book of". In Vanhoozer, Kevin J.; Bartholomew, Craig G.; Treier, Daniel J. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=I8UWJohMGUIC&q=Dictionary+for+Theological+Interpretation+of+the+Bible"><i>Dictionary for Theological Interpretation of the Bible</i></a>. Baker Academic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780801026942" title="Special:BookSources/9780801026942"><bdi>9780801026942</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Daniel%2C+Book+of&rft.btitle=Dictionary+for+Theological+Interpretation+of+the+Bible&rft.pub=Baker+Academic&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780801026942&rft.aulast=Lucas&rft.aufirst=Ernest+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DI8UWJohMGUIC%26q%3DDictionary%2Bfor%2BTheological%2BInterpretation%2Bof%2Bthe%2BBible&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMangano2001" class="citation book cs1">Mangano, Mark (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=leWMKZs05uoC&q=Prinsloo+outline+chapter+2&pg=PA179"><i>Esther & Daniel</i></a>. College Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780899008851" title="Special:BookSources/9780899008851"><bdi>9780899008851</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Esther+%26+Daniel&rft.pub=College+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780899008851&rft.aulast=Mangano&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DleWMKZs05uoC%26q%3DPrinsloo%2Boutline%2Bchapter%2B2%26pg%3DPA179&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMatthewsMoyer2012" class="citation book cs1">Matthews, Victor H.; Moyer, James C. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rU_dAldCk6gC&q=The+Old+Testament%3A+Text+and+Context"><i>The Old Testament: Text and Context</i></a>. Baker Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780801048357" title="Special:BookSources/9780801048357"><bdi>9780801048357</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Old+Testament%3A+Text+and+Context&rft.pub=Baker+Books&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780801048357&rft.aulast=Matthews&rft.aufirst=Victor+H.&rft.au=Moyer%2C+James+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrU_dAldCk6gC%26q%3DThe%2BOld%2BTestament%253A%2BText%2Band%2BContext&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMiller1994" class="citation book cs1">Miller, Stephen R. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M7i4AwAAQBAJ&q=%22the+traditional+interpretation%22%22Babylon%2C+Medo-Persia%2C+Greece%2C+and+Rome%22&pg=PA96"><i>Daniel</i></a>. B&H Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781433675591" title="Special:BookSources/9781433675591"><bdi>9781433675591</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Daniel&rft.pub=B%26H+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9781433675591&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Stephen+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM7i4AwAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522the%2Btraditional%2Binterpretation%2522%2522Babylon%252C%2BMedo-Persia%252C%2BGreece%252C%2Band%2BRome%2522%26pg%3DPA96&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNelson2013" class="citation book cs1">Nelson, William (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lJx0x-h1ULsC&q=seventy+weeks"><i>Daniel</i></a>. Baker Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781441240064" title="Special:BookSources/9781441240064"><bdi>9781441240064</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Daniel&rft.pub=Baker+Books&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781441240064&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlJx0x-h1ULsC%26q%3Dseventy%2Bweeks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNewsomBreed2014" class="citation book cs1">Newsom, Carol A.; Breed, Brennan W. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XZK7BwAAQBAJ&q=%22the+rock%22%22evokes+the+imagery+of+Zion%22&pg=PA77"><i>Daniel: A Commentary</i></a>. Presbyterian Publishing Corp. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780664220808" title="Special:BookSources/9780664220808"><bdi>9780664220808</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Daniel%3A+A+Commentary&rft.pub=Presbyterian+Publishing+Corp&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9780664220808&rft.aulast=Newsom&rft.aufirst=Carol+A.&rft.au=Breed%2C+Brennan+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXZK7BwAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522the%2Brock%2522%2522evokes%2Bthe%2Bimagery%2Bof%2BZion%2522%26pg%3DPA77&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNichol1954" class="citation book cs1">Nichol, F., ed. (1954). "chronology chart". <i>SDA Bible Commentary</i>. pp. <span class="nowrap">326–</span>327.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=chronology+chart&rft.btitle=SDA+Bible+Commentary&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E326-%3C%2Fspan%3E327&rft.date=1954&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNiskanen2004" class="citation book cs1">Niskanen, Paul (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=G0YFSrClQOkC&q=Herodotus+and+the+Book+of+Daniel"><i>The Human and the Divine in History: Herodotus and the Book of Daniel</i></a>. Continuum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780567082138" title="Special:BookSources/9780567082138"><bdi>9780567082138</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Human+and+the+Divine+in+History%3A+Herodotus+and+the+Book+of+Daniel&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780567082138&rft.aulast=Niskanen&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DG0YFSrClQOkC%26q%3DHerodotus%2Band%2Bthe%2BBook%2Bof%2BDaniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPasachoffLittman2005" class="citation book cs1">Pasachoff, Naomi E.; Littman, Robert J. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=z4eaj09hscAC&q=Babylonian+Exile+lasted+only+about+fifty+years&pg=PA45"><i>A Concise History of the Jewish People</i></a>. Rowman & Littlefield. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780742543669" title="Special:BookSources/9780742543669"><bdi>9780742543669</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Concise+History+of+the+Jewish+People&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780742543669&rft.aulast=Pasachoff&rft.aufirst=Naomi+E.&rft.au=Littman%2C+Robert+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dz4eaj09hscAC%26q%3DBabylonian%2BExile%2Blasted%2Bonly%2Babout%2Bfifty%2Byears%26pg%3DPA45&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPortier-Young2013" class="citation book cs1">Portier-Young, Anathea E. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4DQ0AgAAQBAJ&q=Apocalypse+Against+Empire%3A+Theologies+of+Resistance+in+Early+Judaism"><i>Apocalypse Against Empire: Theologies of Resistance in Early Judaism</i></a>. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802837110" title="Special:BookSources/9780802837110"><bdi>9780802837110</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Apocalypse+Against+Empire%3A+Theologies+of+Resistance+in+Early+Judaism&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780802837110&rft.aulast=Portier-Young&rft.aufirst=Anathea+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4DQ0AgAAQBAJ%26q%3DApocalypse%2BAgainst%2BEmpire%253A%2BTheologies%2Bof%2BResistance%2Bin%2BEarly%2BJudaism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFProvan2003" class="citation book cs1">Provan, Iain (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2Vo-11umIZQC&q=Eerdmans+Commentary+on+the+Bible+Daniel&pg=PA665">"Daniel"</a>. In Dunn, James D. G.; Rogerson, John William (eds.). <i>Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible</i>. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802837110" title="Special:BookSources/9780802837110"><bdi>9780802837110</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Daniel&rft.btitle=Eerdmans+Commentary+on+the+Bible&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780802837110&rft.aulast=Provan&rft.aufirst=Iain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2Vo-11umIZQC%26q%3DEerdmans%2BCommentary%2Bon%2Bthe%2BBible%2BDaniel%26pg%3DPA665&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRedditt2009" class="citation book cs1">Redditt, Paul L. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bKM_VJt9e3kC&q=Redditt+Daniel&pg=PA188"><i>Introduction to the Prophets</i></a>. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802828965" title="Special:BookSources/9780802828965"><bdi>9780802828965</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+the+Prophets&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780802828965&rft.aulast=Redditt&rft.aufirst=Paul+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbKM_VJt9e3kC%26q%3DRedditt%2BDaniel%26pg%3DPA188&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFReid2000" class="citation book cs1">Reid, Stephen Breck (2000). "Daniel, Book of". In Freedman, David Noel; Myers, Allen C. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qRtUqxkB7wkC&q=Eerdmans+Dictionary+of+the+Bible"><i>Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible</i></a>. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789053565032" title="Special:BookSources/9789053565032"><bdi>9789053565032</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Daniel%2C+Book+of&rft.btitle=Eerdmans+Dictionary+of+the+Bible&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9789053565032&rft.aulast=Reid&rft.aufirst=Stephen+Breck&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqRtUqxkB7wkC%26q%3DEerdmans%2BDictionary%2Bof%2Bthe%2BBible&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRowland2007" class="citation book cs1">Rowland, Christopher (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bKG12u11z2AC&q=handbook+eschatology+Daniel&pg=PA344">"Apocalyptic Literature"</a>. In Hass, Andrew; Jasper, David; Jay, Elisabeth (eds.). <i>The Oxford Handbook of English Literature and Theology</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199271979" title="Special:BookSources/9780199271979"><bdi>9780199271979</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Apocalyptic+Literature&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+English+Literature+and+Theology&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780199271979&rft.aulast=Rowland&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbKG12u11z2AC%26q%3Dhandbook%2Beschatology%2BDaniel%26pg%3DPA344&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRykenWilhoitLongman1998" class="citation book cs1">Ryken, Leland; Wilhoit, Jim; Longman, Tremper (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qjEYEjVVEosC&q=Dictionary+of+Biblical+Imagery+Daniel+book+of"><i>Dictionary of Biblical Imagery</i></a>. InterVarsity Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780830867332" title="Special:BookSources/9780830867332"><bdi>9780830867332</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Biblical+Imagery&rft.pub=InterVarsity+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780830867332&rft.aulast=Ryken&rft.aufirst=Leland&rft.au=Wilhoit%2C+Jim&rft.au=Longman%2C+Tremper&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqjEYEjVVEosC%26q%3DDictionary%2Bof%2BBiblical%2BImagery%2BDaniel%2Bbook%2Bof&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSacchi2004" class="citation book cs1">Sacchi, Paolo (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yGNyKdnpMa0C&q=history+second+temple"><i>The History of the Second Temple Period</i></a>. Continuum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780567044501" title="Special:BookSources/9780567044501"><bdi>9780567044501</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+Second+Temple+Period&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780567044501&rft.aulast=Sacchi&rft.aufirst=Paolo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyGNyKdnpMa0C%26q%3Dhistory%2Bsecond%2Btemple&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchwartz1992" class="citation book cs1">Schwartz, Daniel R. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rd5OB4PtlCUC&q=resurrection&pg=PA110"><i>Studies in the Jewish Background of Christianity</i></a>. Mohr Siebeck. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783161457982" title="Special:BookSources/9783161457982"><bdi>9783161457982</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studies+in+the+Jewish+Background+of+Christianity&rft.pub=Mohr+Siebeck&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9783161457982&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=Daniel+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Drd5OB4PtlCUC%26q%3Dresurrection%26pg%3DPA110&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSeow2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Choon-Leong_Seow" title="Choon-Leong Seow">Seow, C.L.</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nuLapFR3AX4C&q=Seow+Daniel"><i>Daniel</i></a>. Westminster John Knox Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780664256753" title="Special:BookSources/9780664256753"><bdi>9780664256753</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Daniel&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780664256753&rft.aulast=Seow&rft.aufirst=C.L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnuLapFR3AX4C%26q%3DSeow%2BDaniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchiffman1991" class="citation book cs1">Schiffman, Lawrence H. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3kWYHyBb4C8C&q=From+Text+to+Tradition%3A+A+History+of+Second+Temple+and+Rabbinic+Judaism"><i>From Text to Tradition: A History of Second Temple and Rabbinic Judaism</i></a>. KTAV Publishing House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780881253726" title="Special:BookSources/9780881253726"><bdi>9780881253726</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Text+to+Tradition%3A+A+History+of+Second+Temple+and+Rabbinic+Judaism&rft.pub=KTAV+Publishing+House&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9780881253726&rft.aulast=Schiffman&rft.aufirst=Lawrence+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3kWYHyBb4C8C%26q%3DFrom%2BText%2Bto%2BTradition%253A%2BA%2BHistory%2Bof%2BSecond%2BTemple%2Band%2BRabbinic%2BJudaism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSmith1944" class="citation book cs1">Smith, U. (1944). <i>Daniel and Revelation</i>. Nashville, TN: Southern Publishing Association.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Daniel+and+Revelation&rft.place=Nashville%2C+TN&rft.pub=Southern+Publishing+Association&rft.date=1944&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=U.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSpencer2002" class="citation book cs1">Spencer, Richard A. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=doqYxT-1RzEC&pg=PA89">"Additions to Daniel"</a>. In Mills, Watson E.; Wilson, Richard F. (eds.). <i>The Deuterocanonicals/Apocrypha</i>. Mercer University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780865545106" title="Special:BookSources/9780865545106"><bdi>9780865545106</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Additions+to+Daniel&rft.btitle=The+Deuterocanonicals%2FApocrypha&rft.pub=Mercer+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780865545106&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=Richard+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdoqYxT-1RzEC%26pg%3DPA89&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTowner1984" class="citation book cs1">Towner, W. Sibley (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F8EEY610xeAC&q=Towner+Daniel"><i>Daniel</i></a>. Westminster John Knox Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780664237561" title="Special:BookSources/9780664237561"><bdi>9780664237561</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Daniel&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=9780664237561&rft.aulast=Towner&rft.aufirst=W.+Sibley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DF8EEY610xeAC%26q%3DTowner%2BDaniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTowner1993" class="citation book cs1">Towner, W. Sibley (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y2KGVuym5OUC&q=%22why+the+text+of+Daniel+switches+so+suddenly%22&pg=PA150">"Daniel"</a>. In Coogan, Michael D.; Metzger, Bruce M. (eds.). <i>The Oxford Companion to the Bible</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199743919" title="Special:BookSources/9780199743919"><bdi>9780199743919</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Daniel&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+the+Bible&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9780199743919&rft.aulast=Towner&rft.aufirst=W.+Sibley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY2KGVuym5OUC%26q%3D%2522why%2Bthe%2Btext%2Bof%2BDaniel%2Bswitches%2Bso%2Bsuddenly%2522%26pg%3DPA150&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUlrich2010" class="citation book cs1">Ulrich, Eugene, ed. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/TheBiblicalQumranScrolls"><i>The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants</i></a>. Brill.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Biblical+Qumran+Scrolls%3A+Transcriptions+and+Textual+Variants&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FTheBiblicalQumranScrolls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVanderKam2010" class="citation book cs1">VanderKam, James C. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i2i5haDHAygC&q=Daniel"><i>The Dead Sea Scrolls Today</i></a>. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802864352" title="Special:BookSources/9780802864352"><bdi>9780802864352</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dead+Sea+Scrolls+Today&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780802864352&rft.aulast=VanderKam&rft.aufirst=James+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Di2i5haDHAygC%26q%3DDaniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVanderKamFlint2013" class="citation book cs1">VanderKam, James C.; Flint, Peter (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kT0PAAAAQBAJ&q=The+meaning+of+the+Dead+Sea+scrolls%3A+their+significance+for+understanding+the+Bible%2C+Judaism%2C+Jesus%2C+and+Christianity+Most+scholars+agree+that+the+book+of+Daniel&pg=PT146"><i>The meaning of the Dead Sea scrolls: their significance for understanding the Bible, Judaism, Jesus, and Christianity</i></a>. HarperCollins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780062243300" title="Special:BookSources/9780062243300"><bdi>9780062243300</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+meaning+of+the+Dead+Sea+scrolls%3A+their+significance+for+understanding+the+Bible%2C+Judaism%2C+Jesus%2C+and+Christianity&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780062243300&rft.aulast=VanderKam&rft.aufirst=James+C.&rft.au=Flint%2C+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkT0PAAAAQBAJ%26q%3DThe%2Bmeaning%2Bof%2Bthe%2BDead%2BSea%2Bscrolls%253A%2Btheir%2Bsignificance%2Bfor%2Bunderstanding%2Bthe%2BBible%252C%2BJudaism%252C%2BJesus%252C%2Band%2BChristianity%2BMost%2Bscholars%2Bagree%2Bthat%2Bthe%2Bbook%2Bof%2BDaniel%26pg%3DPT146&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWeber2007" class="citation book cs1">Weber, Timothy P. (2007). "Millennialism". In Walls, Jerry L. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=N1XYXMTe1jYC"><i>The Oxford Handbook of Eschatology</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199742486" title="Special:BookSources/9780199742486"><bdi>9780199742486</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Millennialism&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Eschatology&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780199742486&rft.aulast=Weber&rft.aufirst=Timothy+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DN1XYXMTe1jYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWesselius2002" class="citation book cs1">Wesselius, Jan-Wim (2002). "The Writing of Daniel". In Collins, John J.; Flint, Peter W.; VanEpps, Cameron (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kvtbNQtMqEUC&q=The+Book+of+Daniel:+Composition+and+Reception+2"><i>The Book of Daniel: Composition and Reception</i></a>. BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0391041282" title="Special:BookSources/0391041282"><bdi>0391041282</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Writing+of+Daniel&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Daniel%3A+Composition+and+Reception&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0391041282&rft.aulast=Wesselius&rft.aufirst=Jan-Wim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkvtbNQtMqEUC%26q%3DThe%2BBook%2Bof%2BDaniel%3A%2BComposition%2Band%2BReception%2B2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHoehner1978" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Hoehner" title="Harold Hoehner">Hoehner, Harold W.</a> (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kWhjBPQOX9MC&q=new+testament+chronology&pg=PA182"><i>Chronological aspects of the life of Christ</i></a> ([5th print.] ed.). Grand Rapids: Zondervan. p. 115. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1977calj.book.....H">1977calj.book.....H</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780310262114" title="Special:BookSources/9780310262114"><bdi>9780310262114</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chronological+aspects+of+the+life+of+Christ&rft.place=Grand+Rapids&rft.pages=115&rft.edition=%5B5th+print.%5D&rft.pub=Zondervan&rft.date=1978&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1977calj.book.....H&rft.isbn=9780310262114&rft.aulast=Hoehner&rft.aufirst=Harold+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkWhjBPQOX9MC%26q%3Dnew%2Btestament%2Bchronology%26pg%3DPA182&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMontgomery1927" class="citation book cs1">Montgomery, James A (1927). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3fp6cgAACAAJ&q=montgomery+critical+daniel"><i>A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Book of Daniel</i></a> (BiblioBazaar, 2010 Reprint ed.). Edinburgh: <a href="/wiki/T_%26_T_Clark" class="mw-redirect" title="T & T Clark">T & T Clark</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">372–</span>404. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781176278707" title="Special:BookSources/9781176278707"><bdi>9781176278707</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Critical+and+Exegetical+Commentary+on+the+Book+of+Daniel&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E372-%3C%2Fspan%3E404&rft.edition=BiblioBazaar%2C+2010+Reprint&rft.pub=T+%26+T+Clark&rft.date=1927&rft.isbn=9781176278707&rft.aulast=Montgomery&rft.aufirst=James+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3fp6cgAACAAJ%26q%3Dmontgomery%2Bcritical%2Bdaniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWalvoord1989" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Walvoord" title="John Walvoord">Walvoord, A commentary by John F.</a> (1989). <i>Daniel: the key to prophetic revelation</i> (Moody Paperback ed.). Chicago: Moody Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802417534" title="Special:BookSources/9780802417534"><bdi>9780802417534</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Daniel%3A+the+key+to+prophetic+revelation.&rft.place=Chicago&rft.edition=Moody+Paperback&rft.pub=Moody+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=9780802417534&rft.aulast=Walvoord&rft.aufirst=A+commentary+by+John+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+2" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Book_of_Daniel172" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Book_of_Daniel" title="Template:Book of Daniel"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Book_of_Daniel" title="Template talk:Book of Daniel"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Book_of_Daniel" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Book of Daniel"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Book_of_Daniel172" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Book of Daniel</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> <a href="/wiki/Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible" title="Chapters and verses of the Bible">chapters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_1" title="Daniel 1">Daniel 1</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_4" title="Daniel 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_5" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_7" title="Daniel 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_8" title="Daniel 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_9" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_10" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_11" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_12" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel 12">12</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Additions_to_Daniel" title="Additions to Daniel">Additions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_of_Azariah_and_Song_of_the_Three_Holy_Children" title="Prayer of Azariah and Song of the Three Holy Children">Prayer of Azariah and Song of the Three Holy Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susanna_(Book_of_Daniel)" title="Susanna (Book of Daniel)">Susanna and the Elders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bel_and_the_Dragon" title="Bel and the Dragon">Bel and the Dragon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susa" title="Susa">Susa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belshazzar" title="Belshazzar">Belshazzar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great" title="Cyrus the Great">Cyrus the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_(biblical_figure)" title="Daniel (biblical figure)">Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darius_the_Mede" title="Darius the Mede">Darius the Mede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehoiakim" title="Jehoiakim">Jehoiakim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebuchadnezzar_II" title="Nebuchadnezzar II">Nebuchadnezzar II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmoni" title="Palmoni">Palmoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadrach,_Meshach,_and_Abednego" title="Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego">Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Angels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)" title="Michael (archangel)">Michael</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abomination_of_desolation" title="Abomination of desolation">Abomination of desolation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_of_Days" title="Ancient of Days">Ancient of Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belshazzar%27s_feast" title="Belshazzar's feast">Belshazzar's feast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_kingdoms_of_Daniel" title="Four kingdoms of Daniel">Four kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_in_the_lions%27_den" title="Daniel in the lions' den">Lion's den</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophecy_of_Seventy_Weeks" title="Prophecy of Seventy Weeks">Prophecy of Seventy Weeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_man" title="Son of man">Son of man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_spirit" title="Territorial spirit">Territorial spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watcher_(angel)" title="Watcher (angel)">Watcher (angel)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Christian interpretations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Futurism_(Christianity)" title="Futurism (Christianity)">Futurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historicism_(Christianity)" title="Historicism (Christianity)">Historicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historicist_interpretations_of_the_Book_of_Daniel" title="Historicist interpretations of the Book of Daniel">Historicist interpretations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idealism_(Christian_eschatology)" title="Idealism (Christian eschatology)">Idealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preterism" title="Preterism">Preterism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manuscripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_967" title="Papyrus 967">Papyrus 967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_62" title="Papyrus 62">Papyrus 62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Chisianus_45" title="Codex Chisianus 45">Codex Chisianus 45</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/he:%D7%93%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9C_%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%93" class="extiw" title="wikisource:he:דניאל ניקוד">Hebrew Bible</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/el:%CE%94%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%AE%CE%BB" class="extiw" title="wikisource:el:Δανιήλ">Septuagint</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Daniel" class="extiw" title="wikisource:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Daniel">Latin Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(Wycliffe)/Daniel" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (Wycliffe)/Daniel">Wycliffe Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Daniel" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (King James)/Daniel">King James Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Daniel" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Daniel">American Standard Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(World_English)/Daniel" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (World English)/Daniel">World English Version</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel_2&oldid=1261278237">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel_2&oldid=1261278237</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Biblical_dreams_and_visions" 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