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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Encoding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Encoding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Encoding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Encoding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fonts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fonts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Fonts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fonts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">GB 18030</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="GB 18030" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/GB_18030" title="GB 18030 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="GB 18030" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/GB_18030" title="GB 18030 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="GB 18030" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/GB_18030" title="GB 18030 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="GB 18030" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/GB18030" title="GB18030 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="GB18030" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/GB18030" title="GB18030 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="GB18030" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/GB_18030" title="GB 18030 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="GB 18030" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Official Chinese character encoding</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22GB+18030%22">"GB 18030"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22GB+18030%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22GB+18030%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22GB+18030%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22GB+18030%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22GB+18030%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">GB 18030</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GB18030_encoding.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/GB18030_encoding.svg/240px-GB18030_encoding.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/GB18030_encoding.svg/360px-GB18030_encoding.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/GB18030_encoding.svg/480px-GB18030_encoding.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="645" data-file-height="590" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">GB 18030 encoding layout. "Half codes" indicates codes used in pairs as four-byte codes.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">MIME / IANA</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">GB18030</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alias(es)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Code_page_54936" class="mw-redirect" title="Code page 54936">Code page 54936</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">International, but primarily meant for <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Standard</th><td class="infobox-data">GB 18030-2022, GB 18030-2005, GB 18030-2000</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Classification</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Unicode_Transformation_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode Transformation Format">Unicode Transformation Format</a>, <a href="/wiki/Extended_ASCII" title="Extended ASCII">extended ASCII</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Variable-width_encoding" title="Variable-width encoding">variable-width encoding</a>, <a href="/wiki/CJK_characters" title="CJK characters">CJK encoding</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Extends</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/EUC-CN" class="mw-redirect" title="EUC-CN">EUC-CN</a>, <a href="/wiki/GBK_(character_encoding)" title="GBK (character encoding)">GBK</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Transforms / Encodes</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_10646" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 10646">ISO 10646</a> (<a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/GBK_(character_encoding)" title="GBK (character encoding)">GBK</a>, <a href="/wiki/GB_2312" title="GB 2312">GB2312</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><div style="text-align: left;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Not in the strictest sense of the term, as ASCII bytes can appear as trail bytes.</span> </li> </ol></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_character_encoding" title="Template:Infobox character encoding"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Infobox_character_encoding" title="Template talk:Infobox character encoding"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox_character_encoding" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox character encoding"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>GB 18030</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Guobiao_standards" class="mw-redirect" title="Guobiao standards">Chinese government standard</a>, described as <i>Information Technology — Chinese coded character set</i> and defines the required language and character support necessary for software in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>. <b>GB18030</b> is the registered Internet name for the official <a href="/wiki/Character_set" class="mw-redirect" title="Character set">character set</a> of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a> (PRC) superseding <a href="/wiki/GB_2312" title="GB 2312">GB2312</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IANA_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IANA-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a <a href="/wiki/Unicode_Transformation_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode Transformation Format">Unicode Transformation Format</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (i.e. an encoding of all <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> code points), GB18030 supports both <a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified</a> and <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese characters</a>. It is also compatible with legacy encodings including <a href="/wiki/GB_2312" title="GB 2312">GB/T 2312</a>, <a href="/wiki/Code_page_936_(Microsoft_Windows)" title="Code page 936 (Microsoft Windows)">CP936</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/GBK_(character_encoding)" title="GBK (character encoding)">GBK</a> 1.0. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Unicode_Consortium" title="Unicode Consortium">Unicode Consortium</a> has warned implementers that the latest version of this Chinese standard, <b>GB 18030-2022</b>, introduces what they describe as "disruptive changes" from the previous version GB 18030-2005 "involving 33 different characters and 55 code positions".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> GB 18030-2022 was enforced from 1 August 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been implemented in <a href="/wiki/International_Components_for_Unicode" title="International Components for Unicode">ICU</a> 73.2; and in Java 21,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Backport" class="mw-redirect" title="Backport">backported</a> to older Java 8, 11, 17 (LTS releases) and 20.0.2.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to the encoding method, this standard contains requirements about which additional scripts and languages should be represented, and to whom this standard is applicable.<sup id="cite_ref-CESI-FAQ_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CESI-FAQ-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This standard however does not define the official <a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters#Standardisation" title="Chinese characters">character forms</a> for the Chinese characters; this is standardised in <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Commonly_Used_Standard_Chinese_Characters" title="List of Commonly Used Standard Chinese Characters">List of Commonly Used Standard Chinese Characters</a></i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GB_18030&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/GB_2312" title="GB 2312">GB 2312</a>, <a href="/wiki/GBK_(character_encoding)" title="GBK (character encoding)">GBK (character encoding)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Code_page_936_(Microsoft_Windows)" title="Code page 936 (Microsoft Windows)">Code page 936 (Microsoft Windows)</a></div> <p>The GB18030 character set is formally called "Chinese National Standard GB 18030-2005: Information Technology—Chinese coded character set". <b>GB</b> abbreviates Guójiā Biāozhǔn (国家标准), which means <i>national standard</i> in Chinese. The standard was published by the China Standard Press, Beijing, 8 November 2005. Only a portion of the standard is mandatory.<sup id="cite_ref-CESI-FAQ_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CESI-FAQ-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 1 May 2006, support for the mandatory subset is officially required for all software products sold in the PRC. </p> <table class="wikitable floatright"> <caption>Different Unicode mappings between GB 18030 versions </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">GB byte<br />sequence</th> <th colspan="2">Unicode code point </th></tr> <tr> <th>GB 18030-2000 </th> <th>GB 18030-2005 </th></tr> <tr> <td>A8 BC (ḿ)</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">U+E7C7</code></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+1E3F</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">ḿ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">LATIN SMALL LETTER M WITH ACUTE</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>81 35 F4 37</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+1E3F</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">ḿ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">LATIN SMALL LETTER M WITH ACUTE</span></td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">U+E7C7</code> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>An older version of the standard, known as "Chinese National Standard GB 18030-2000: Information Technology—Chinese ideograms coded character set for information interchange—Extension for the basic set", was published on March 17, 2000. The encoding scheme stays the same in the new version, and the only difference in GB-to-Unicode mapping is that GB 18030-2000 mapped the character <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">A8 BC</code> (ḿ) to a private use code point U+E7C7, and character <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">81 35 F4 37</code> (without specifying any glyph) to U+1E3F (ḿ), whereas GB 18030-2005 swaps these two mapping assignments.<sup id="cite_ref-gb18030-2005_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gb18030-2005-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 534">: 534 </span></sup> More code points are now associated with characters due to update of <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a>, especially the appearance of <a href="/wiki/CJK_Unified_Ideographs" title="CJK Unified Ideographs">CJK Unified Ideographs</a> Extension B. Some characters used by <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_minorities_in_China" title="Ethnic minorities in China">ethnic minorities in China</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_script" title="Mongolian script">Mongolian characters</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan characters</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=GB_16959&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GB 16959 (page does not exist)">GB 16959</a>-1997 and <a href="/w/index.php?title=GB/T_20542&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GB/T 20542 (page does not exist)">GB/T 20542</a>-2006), have been added as well, which accounts for the renaming of the standard. </p><p>Compared with its ancestors, GB 18030's mapping to Unicode has been modified for the 81 characters that were provisionally assigned a Unicode <a href="/wiki/Private_Use_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Private Use Area">Private Use Area</a> code point (U+E000–F8FF) in GBK 1.0 and that have later been encoded in Unicode.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is specified in Appendix E of GB 18030.<sup id="cite_ref-gb18030-2005_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gb18030-2005-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 534">: 534 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gb18030-2000_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gb18030-2000-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 499">: 499 </span></sup> There are 24 characters in GB 18030-2005 that are still mapped to Unicode PUA.<sup id="cite_ref-Lunde2006_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunde2006-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the GB 18030-2022 update, the requirements for characters to be mapped to PUA has been lifted completely and all characters should be mapped to their standard Unicode codepoints. Of these, 18 mappings were updated by position-swapping similar to what happened between GBK and GB 18030. The remaining six kept the two-byte PUA mappings, so that a change to the 4-byte sequence is needed to follow the non-PUA preference.<sup id="cite_ref-gb18030-2022-kenlunde_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gb18030-2022-kenlunde-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><span class="anchor" id="PUA"></span>Private use characters in GB-to-Unicode mappings </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">GB byte<br />sequence</th> <th colspan="4">Unicode code point <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_GB18030-PUA-blue"><a href="#endnote_GB18030-PUA-blue">[a]</a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th>GBK 1.0<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gb18030-2005_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gb18030-2005-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 534">: 534 </span></sup> </th> <th>GB 18030-2005<sup id="cite_ref-Lunde2006_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunde2006-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Unicode 4.1 </th> <th>GB 18030-2022<sup id="cite_ref-gb18030-2022-kenlunde_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gb18030-2022-kenlunde-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>A6 D9<sup id="cite_ref-cjkv-info-proc_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cjkv-info-proc-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 108">: 108 </span></sup></td> <td></td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E78D</code> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+FE10</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">︐</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL COMMA</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>A6 DA</td> <td></td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E78E</code></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+FE12</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">︒</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL IDEOGRAPHIC FULL STOP</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>A6 DB</td> <td></td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E78F</code></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+FE11</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">︑</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL IDEOGRAPHIC COMMA</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>A6 DC</td> <td></td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E790</code></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+FE13</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">︓</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL COLON</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>A6 DD</td> <td></td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E791</code></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+FE14</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">︔</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL SEMICOLON</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>A6 DE</td> <td></td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E792</code></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+FE15</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">︕</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL EXCLAMATION MARK</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>A6 DF</td> <td></td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E793</code></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+FE16</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">︖</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL QUESTION MARK</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>A6 EC</td> <td></td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E794</code></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+FE17</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">︗</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL LEFT WHITE LENTICULAR BRACKET</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>A6 ED</td> <td></td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E795</code></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+FE18</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">︘</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL RIGHT WHITE LENTICULAR BRAKCET</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>A6 F3</td> <td></td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E796</code></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+FE19</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">︙</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>A8 BC</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E7C7</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+1E3F</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">ḿ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">LATIN SMALL LETTER M WITH ACUTE</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>A8 BF</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E7C8</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+01F9</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">ǹ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH GRAVE</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>A9 89</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E7E7</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+303E</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">〾</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">IDEOGRAPHIC VARIATION INDICATOR</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>A9 8A</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E7E8</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2FF0</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⿰</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER LEFT TO RIGHT</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>A9 8B</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E7E9</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2FF1</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⿱</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER ABOVE TO BELOW</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>A9 8C</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E7EA</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2FF2</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⿲</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER LEFT TO MIDDLE AND RIGHT</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>A9 8D</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E7EB</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2FF3</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⿳</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER ABOVE TO MIDDLE AND BELOW</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>A9 8E</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E7EC</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2FF4</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⿴</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER FULL SURROUND</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>A9 8F</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E7ED</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2FF5</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⿵</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM ABOVE</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>A9 90</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E7EE</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2FF6</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⿶</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM BELOW</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>A9 91</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E7EF</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2FF7</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⿷</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM LEFT</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>A9 92</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E7F0</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2FF8</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⿸</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM UPPER LEFT</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>A9 93</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E7F1</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2FF9</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⿹</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM UPPER RIGHT</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>A9 94<sup id="cite_ref-cjkv-info-proc_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cjkv-info-proc-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 173">: 173 </span></sup></td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E7F2</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2FFA</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⿺</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM LOWER LEFT</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>A9 95</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E7F3</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2FFB</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⿻</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER OVERLAID</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 50</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E815</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2E81</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⺁</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK RADICAL CLIFF</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 51</td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ccf;"><code>U+E816</code></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+20087</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">𠂇</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-20087</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_GB18030-2022-1"><a href="#endnote_GB18030-2022-1">[b]</a></sup></td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E816</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 52</td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ccf;"><code>U+E817</code></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+20089</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">𠂉</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-20089</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_GB18030-2022-2"><a href="#endnote_GB18030-2022-2">[c]</a></sup></td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E817</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 53</td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ccf;"><code>U+E818</code></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+200CC</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">𠃌</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-200CC</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_GB18030-2022-3"><a href="#endnote_GB18030-2022-3">[d]</a></sup></td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E818</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 54</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E819</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2E84</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⺄</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK RADICAL SECOND THREE</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 55</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E81A</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+3473</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">㑳</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3473</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 56</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E81B</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+3447</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">㑇</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3447</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 57</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E81C</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2E88</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⺈</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK RADICAL KNIFE ONE</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 58</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E81D</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2E8B</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⺋</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK RADICAL SEAL</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 59</td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ccf;"><code>U+E81E</code></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+9FB4</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">龴</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9FB4</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 5A</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E81F</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+359E</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">㖞</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-359E</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 5B</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E820</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+361A</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">㘚</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-361A</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 5C</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E821</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+360E</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">㘎</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-360E</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 5D</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E822</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2E8C</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⺌</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK RADICAL SMALL ONE</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 5E</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E823</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2E97</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⺗</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK RADICAL HEART TWO</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 5F</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E824</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+396E</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">㥮</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-396E</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 60</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E825</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+3918</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">㤘</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3918</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 61</td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ccf;"><code>U+E826</code></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+9FB5</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">龵</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9FB5</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 62</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E827</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+39CF</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">㧏</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-39CF</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 63</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E828</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+39DF</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">㧟</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-39DF</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 64</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E829</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+3A73</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">㩳</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3A73</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 65</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E82A</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+39D0</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">㧐</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-39D0</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 66</td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ccf;"><code>U+E82B</code></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+9FB6</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">龶</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9FB6</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 67</td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ccf;"><code>U+E82C</code></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+9FB7</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">龷</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9FB7</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 68</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E82D</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+3B4E</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">㭎</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3B4E</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 69</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E82E</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+3C6E</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">㱮</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3C6E</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 6A</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E82F</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+3CE0</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">㳠</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3CE0</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 6B</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E830</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2EA7</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⺧</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK RADICAL COW</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 6C</td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ccf;"><code>U+E831</code></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+215D7</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">𡗗</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-215D7</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_GB18030-2022-4"><a href="#endnote_GB18030-2022-4">[e]</a></sup></td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E831</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 6D</td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ccf;"><code>U+E832</code></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+9FB8</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">龸</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9FB8</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 6E</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E833</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2EAA</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⺪</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK RADICAL BOLT OF CLOTH</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 6F</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E834</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+4056</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">䁖</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4056</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 70</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E835</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+415F</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">䅟</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-415F</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 71</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E836</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2EAE</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⺮</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK RADICAL BAMBOO</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 72</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E837</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+4337</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">䌷</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4337</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 73</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E838</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2EB3</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⺳</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK RADICAL NET THREE</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 74</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E839</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2EB6</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⺶</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK RADICAL SHEEP</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 75</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E83A</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2EB7</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⺷</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK RADICAL RAM</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 76</td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ccf;"><code>U+E83B</code></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2298F</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">𢦏</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2298F</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_GB18030-2022-5"><a href="#endnote_GB18030-2022-5">[f]</a></sup></td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E83B</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 77</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E83C</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+43B1</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">䎱</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-43B1</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 78</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E83D</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+43AC</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">䎬</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-43AC</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 79</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E83E</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2EBB</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⺻</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK RADICAL BRUSH TWO</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 7A</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E83F</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+43DD</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">䏝</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-43DD</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 7B</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E840</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+44D6</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">䓖</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-44D6</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 7C</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E841</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+4661</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">䙡</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4661</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 7D</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E842</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+464C</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">䙌</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-464C</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 7E</td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ccf;"><code>U+E843</code></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+9FB9</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">龹</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9FB9</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 80</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E844</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+4723</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">䜣</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4723</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 81</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E845</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+4729</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">䜩</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4729</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 82</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E846</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+477C</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">䝼</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-477C</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 83</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E847</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+478D</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">䞍</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-478D</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 84</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E848</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2ECA</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⻊</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK RADICAL FOOT</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 85</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E849</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+4947</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">䥇</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4947</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 86</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E84A</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+497A</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">䥺</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-497A</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 87</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E84B</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+497D</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">䥽</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-497D</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 88</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E84C</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+4982</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">䦂</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4982</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 89</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E84D</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+4983</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">䦃</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4983</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 8A</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E84E</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+4985</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">䦅</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4985</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 8B</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E84F</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+4986</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">䦆</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4986</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 8C</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E850</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+499F</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">䦟</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-499F</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 8D</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E851</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+499B</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">䦛</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-499B</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 8E</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E852</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+49B7</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">䦷</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-49B7</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 8F</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E853</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+49B6</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">䦶</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-49B6</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 90</td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ccf;"><code>U+E854</code></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+9FBA</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">龺</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9FBA</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 91</td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ccf;"><code>U+E855</code></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+241FE</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">𤇾</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-241FE</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_GB18030-2022-6"><a href="#endnote_GB18030-2022-6">[g]</a></sup></td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E855</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 92</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E856</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+4CA3</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">䲣</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4CA3</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 93</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E857</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+4C9F</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">䲟</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4C9F</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 94</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E858</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+4CA0</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">䲠</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4CA0</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 95</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E859</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+4CA1</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">䲡</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4CA1</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 96</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E85A</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+4C77</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">䱷</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4C77</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 97</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E85B</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+4CA2</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">䲢</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4CA2</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 98</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E85C</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+4D13</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">䴓</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4D13</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 99</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E85D</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+4D14</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">䴔</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4D14</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 9A</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E85E</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+4D15</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">䴕</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4D15</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 9B</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E85F</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+4D16</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">䴖</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4D16</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 9C</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E860</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+4D17</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">䴗</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4D17</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 9D</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E861</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+4D18</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">䴘</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4D18</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 9E</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E862</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+4D19</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">䴙</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4D19</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE 9F</td> <td style="background:#ccf;"><code>U+E863</code></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+4DAE</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">䶮</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4DAE</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FE A0</td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ccf;"><code>U+E864</code></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+9FBB</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">龻</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9FBB</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small;text-align:left"><b>Notes</b> <dl><dd>a.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_GB18030-PUA-blue"><b><a href="#ref_GB18030-PUA-blue">^</a></b></span> <span style="background:#ccf; padding:0 0.2em;">Blue</span> indicates private use area</dd> <dd>b.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_GB18030-2022-1"><b><a href="#ref_GB18030-2022-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+20087</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">𠂇</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-20087</span> mapped to <code>0x95329031</code> in GB 18030-2022</dd> <dd>c.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_GB18030-2022-2"><b><a href="#ref_GB18030-2022-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+20089</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">𠂉</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-20089</span> mapped to <code>0x95329033</code> in GB 18030-2022</dd> <dd>d.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_GB18030-2022-3"><b><a href="#ref_GB18030-2022-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+200CC</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">𠃌</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-200CC</span> mapped to <code>0x95329730</code> in GB 18030-2022</dd> <dd>e.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_GB18030-2022-4"><b><a href="#ref_GB18030-2022-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+215D7</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">𡗗</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-215D7</span> mapped to <code>0x9536B937</code> in GB 18030-2022</dd> <dd>f.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_GB18030-2022-5"><b><a href="#ref_GB18030-2022-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2298F</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">𢦏</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2298F</span> mapped to <code>0x9630BA35</code> in GB 18030-2022</dd> <dd>g.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_GB18030-2022-6"><b><a href="#ref_GB18030-2022-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+241FE</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">𤇾</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-241FE</span> mapped to <code>0x9635B630</code> in GB 18030-2022</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="As_a_national_standard">As a national standard</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GB_18030&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: As a national standard"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first version of GB 18030, designated GB 18030-2000 <i>Information Technology—Chinese coded character set for information interchange — Extension for the basic set</i>, consists of 1-byte and 2-byte encodings, together with 4-byte encoding for <a href="/wiki/CJK_Unified_Ideographs" title="CJK Unified Ideographs">CJK Unified Ideographs</a> Extension A matching those in Unicode 3.0. The corresponding Unicode code points of this subset, including provisional private assignments, lie entirely in the <a href="/wiki/Basic_Multilingual_Plane" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic Multilingual Plane">BMP</a>. These parts are fully mandatory in GB 18030-2000.<sup id="cite_ref-CESI-FAQ_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CESI-FAQ-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 2">: 2 </span></sup> Most major computer companies had already standardized on some version of Unicode as the primary format for use in their binary formats and OS calls. However, they mostly had only supported <a href="/wiki/Code_points" class="mw-redirect" title="Code points">code points</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Basic_Multilingual_Plane" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic Multilingual Plane">BMP</a> originally defined in Unicode 1.0, which supported only 65,536 codepoints and was often encoded in 16 bits as <a href="/wiki/UCS-2" class="mw-redirect" title="UCS-2">UCS-2</a>. This standard is basically an extension based on GBK with additional characters in CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A. </p><p>The second version designated GB 18030-2005 <i>Information Technology—Chinese coded character set</i> has the same mandatory subset as GB 18030-2000 of 1-, 2- and 4-byte encodings.<sup id="cite_ref-gb18030-2005_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gb18030-2005-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 3">: 3 </span></sup> This version also includes the full CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B in the 4-byte encoding section which is outside the BMP<sup id="cite_ref-Lunde2006_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunde2006-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as a suggestion support requirement.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, as the inclusion of CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B in a 4-byte region is required to be maintained during information processing, software can no longer get away with treating characters as 16-bit fixed width entities (<a href="/wiki/UCS-2" class="mw-redirect" title="UCS-2">UCS-2</a>). Therefore, they must either process the data as a <a href="/wiki/Variable-width_encoding" title="Variable-width encoding">variable-width format</a> (as with <a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a> or <a href="/wiki/UTF-16" title="UTF-16">UTF-16</a>), which is the most common choice, or move to a larger fixed-width format (i.e. <a href="/wiki/UTF-32" title="UTF-32">UTF-32</a>). Microsoft made the change from UCS-2 to UTF-16 with Windows 2000. This version matches with Unicode 3.1, and also provided support for <a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a> (<a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>), <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clear_Script" title="Clear Script">Clear script</a>, <i>Sibe hergen</i>, <a href="/wiki/Galik_alphabet" title="Galik alphabet">Galik</a>), <a href="/wiki/Tai_Nuea_language" title="Tai Nuea language">Tai Nuea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_alphabets" title="Uyghur alphabets">Uyghur</a>/<a href="/wiki/Kazakh_alphabets" title="Kazakh alphabets">Kazakh</a>/<a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_alphabets" title="Kyrgyz alphabets">Kyrgyz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yi_script" title="Yi script">Yi</a>. </p><p>The third and latest version, GB 18030-2022 <i>Information Technology—Chinese coded character set</i>, mandates the suggestion support part of CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B in GB 18030-2005, along with updates up to Unicode 11.0 including <a href="/wiki/Kangxi_Radicals_(Unicode_block)" title="Kangxi Radicals (Unicode block)">Kangxi Radicals</a> and CJK Unified Ideographs <a href="/wiki/CJK_Unified_Ideographs_(Unicode_block)" title="CJK Unified Ideographs (Unicode block)">URO</a>, Extension C, D, E and F. Additional languages are also recognized by GB 18030-2022 such as part of <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tai_Le_script" title="Tai Le script">Tai Le</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Tai_Lue_alphabet" title="New Tai Lue alphabet">New Tai Lue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tai_Tham_script" title="Tai Tham script">Tai Tham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lisu_language" title="Lisu language">Lisu</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Miao_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Miao script">Miao</a>. GB 18030-2022 also introduces three implementation levels, with the requirement of "all products using this standard should implements Implementation Level 1" that includes 66 new BMP characters in the 4-byte encoding region that were added between Unicode 3.1 and Unicode 11.0. Implementation Level 2 requires the support of <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Commonly_Used_Standard_Chinese_Characters" title="List of Commonly Used Standard Chinese Characters">List of Commonly Used Standard Chinese Characters</a></i>, and Implementation Level 3 requires all other specified regions in the standard.<sup id="cite_ref-gb18030-2022-kenlunde_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gb18030-2022-kenlunde-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_I" title="CJK Unified Ideographs Extension I">CJK Unified Ideographs Extension I</a></div> <p>From late 2022 to 2023, drafts of a further amendment are to be made to GB 18030-2022 available for public consultation. The current draft updates up to Unicode 15.1 on <a href="/wiki/Ideographic_Description_Characters" title="Ideographic Description Characters">Ideographic Description Characters</a>, CJK Unified Ideographs URO, Extension A, B, C, G, H and I.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-irgn2623_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-irgn2623-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Originally, in late 2022, it would have placed 897 new <a href="/wiki/Sinograph" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinograph">sinographic</a> characters in Plane 10 (<a href="/wiki/Hexadecimal" title="Hexadecimal">hexadecimal</a>: 0A), a <a href="/wiki/Plane_(Unicode)#Unassigned_planes" title="Plane (Unicode)">yet-untitled astral Unicode plane</a>, for citizen real-name certification in China, but eventually the <a href="/wiki/Character_repertoire" class="mw-redirect" title="Character repertoire">repertoire</a> (reduced to 622 characters after expert review) was fast-tracked into Unicode 15.1 in September 2023, as the <a href="/wiki/CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_I" title="CJK Unified Ideographs Extension I">CJK Unified Ideographs Extension I</a> block.<sup id="cite_ref-wg2-n5222_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wg2-n5222-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following this, the amendment draft was modified to use the Extension I code points.<sup id="cite_ref-irgn2623_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-irgn2623-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mapping">Mapping <span class="anchor" id="Technical_details"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GB_18030&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Mapping"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>GB 18030 defines a one (ASCII), two (extended GBK), or four-byte (UTF) encoding. The two-byte codes are defined in a lookup table, while the four-byte codes are defined sequentially (hence algorithmically) to fill otherwise unencoded parts in <a href="/wiki/Universal_Coded_Character_Set" title="Universal Coded Character Set">UCS</a>. GB 18030 inherits the bad aspects of <a href="/wiki/GBK_(character_encoding)" title="GBK (character encoding)">GBK</a>, most notably needing special code to safely find ASCII characters in a GB18030 sequence. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>GB 18030 encoding<sup id="cite_ref-gb18030-2005_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gb18030-2005-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 3">: 3 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gb18030-2000_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gb18030-2000-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 252">: 252 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ICU_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICU-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4">GB 18030 </th> <th rowspan="2">code points<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th rowspan="2">Unicode </th></tr> <tr> <th>byte 1 (MSB)</th> <th>byte 2</th> <th>byte 3</th> <th>byte 4 </th></tr> <tr> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">00</code> – <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">7F</code> </td> <th colspan="3"> </th> <td style="text-align: right">128 </td> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">0000</code> – <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">007F</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">80</code> </td> <th colspan="3"> </th> <td>— </td> <td>invalid<sup id="cite_ref-icu-80-glitch_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icu-80-glitch-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">81</code> – <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">FE</code></td> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">40</code> – <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">FE</code> except <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">7F</code><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <th colspan="2"> </th> <td style="text-align: right"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7004239400000000000♠"></span>23<span style="margin-left:.25em;">940</span></span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">0080</code> – <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">FFFF</code> except <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">D800</code> – <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">DFFF</code><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">81</code> – <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">84</code> </td> <td rowspan="3"><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">30</code> – <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">39</code> </td> <td rowspan="3"><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">81</code> – <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">FE</code> </td> <td rowspan="3"><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">30</code> – <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">39</code> </td> <td style="text-align: right"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7004394200000000000♠"></span>39<span style="margin-left:.25em;">420</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">85</code> </td> <td>— (<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7004126000000000000♠"></span>12<span style="margin-left:.25em;">600</span></span>) </td> <td><i>reserved for future character extension</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">86</code> – <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">8F</code> </td> <td>— (<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7005126000000000000♠"></span>126<span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span></span>) </td> <td><i>reserved for future ideographic extension</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4">unassigned </td> <td>— </td> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">D800</code> – <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">DFFF</code><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">90</code> – <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">E3</code> </td> <td rowspan="3"><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">30</code> – <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">39</code> </td> <td rowspan="3"><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">81</code> – <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">FE</code> </td> <td rowspan="3"><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">30</code> – <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">39</code> </td> <td style="text-align: right"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006104857600000000♠"></span>1<span style="margin-left:.25em;">048</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">576</span></span> </td> <td><code><span style="white-space:nowrap">1<span style="margin-left:0.25em">0000</span></span></code> – <code><span style="white-space:nowrap">10<span style="margin-left:0.25em">FFFF</span></span></code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">E4</code> – <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">FC</code> </td> <td>— (<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7005315000000000000♠"></span>315<span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span></span>) </td> <td><i>reserved for future standard extension</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">FD</code> – <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">FE</code> </td> <td>— (<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7004252000000000000♠"></span>25<span style="margin-left:.25em;">200</span></span>) </td> <td><i>user-defined</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">FF</code> </td> <th colspan="3"> </th> <td>— </td> <td>invalid </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4" style="text-align: right">Total </th> <th style="text-align: right"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006111206400000000♠"></span>1<span style="margin-left:.25em;">112</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">064</span></span> </th> <th> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p>The one- and two-byte code points are essentially <a href="/wiki/GBK_(character_encoding)#Encoding" title="GBK (character encoding)">GBK</a> with the euro sign, PUA mappings for unassigned/user-defined points, and vertical punctuations. The four byte scheme can be thought of as consisting of two units, each of two bytes. Each unit has a similar format to a GBK two byte character but with a range of values for the second byte of 0x30–0x39 (the <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> codes for decimal digits). The first byte has the range 0x81 to 0xFE, as before. This means that a string-search routine that is safe for GBK should also be reasonably<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (November 2022)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> safe for GB18030 (in much the same way that a basic <a href="/wiki/Byte-oriented_protocol" title="Byte-oriented protocol">byte-oriented</a> search routine is reasonably safe for <a href="/wiki/Extended_Unix_Code" title="Extended Unix Code">EUC</a>). </p><p>This gives a total of 1,587,600 (126×10×126×10) possible 4 byte sequences, which is easily sufficient to cover <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a>'s 1,112,064 (17×65536 − 2048 surrogates) assigned, reserved, and noncharacter code points. </p><p>Unfortunately, to further complicate matters there are no simple rules to translate between a 4 byte sequence and its corresponding <a href="/wiki/Code_point" title="Code point">code point</a>. Instead, codes are allocated sequentially (with the first byte containing the most significant part and the last the least significant part) <b>only</b> to Unicode code points that are not mapped in any other manner.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example: </p> <pre>U+00DE (Þ) → 81 30 89 37 U+00DF (ß) → 81 30 89 38 U+00E0 (à) → A8 A4 U+00E1 (á) → A8 A2 U+00E2 (â) → 81 30 89 39 U+00E3 (ã) → 81 30 8A 30 </pre> <p>An offset table is used in the <a href="/wiki/WHATWG" title="WHATWG">WHATWG</a> and <a href="/wiki/W3C" class="mw-redirect" title="W3C">W3C</a> version of GB 18030 to efficiently translate code points.<sup id="cite_ref-whatwg_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whatwg-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ICU<sup id="cite_ref-ICU_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICU-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and glibc use similar range definitions to avoid wasting space on large sequential blocks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Support">Support</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GB_18030&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Support"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Windows_support"></span> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GB_18030&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2016</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Encoding">Encoding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GB_18030&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Encoding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>GB<span class="nowrap"> </span>18030 has been supported on Windows since the release of <a href="/wiki/Windows_95" title="Windows 95">Windows 95</a>, as code page 54936.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Windows 2000 and XP offer a GB18030 Support Package.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The open source PostgreSQL database supports GB18030 through its full support for UTF-8, i.e. by converting it to and from UTF-8. Similarly Microsoft SQL Server supports GB18030 by conversion to and from UTF-16. </p><p>More specifically, supporting the GB18030 encoding on Windows means that <b>Code Page 54936</b> is supported by <code>MultiByteToWideChar</code> and <code>WideCharToMultiByte</code>. Due to the backward compatibility of the mapping, many files in GB18030 can be actually opened successfully as the legacy Code Page 936, that is GBK, even if the Code Page 54936 is not supported. However, that is only true if the file in question contains only GBK characters. Loading will fail or cause corrupted result if the file contains characters that do not exist in GBK (see <a href="#Technical_details">§ Technical details</a> for examples). </p><p>GNU <a href="/wiki/Glibc" title="Glibc">glibc</a>'s gconv, the character codec library used on most Linux distributions, supports GB 18030-2000 since 2.2,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and GB 18030-2005 since 2.14;<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> glibc notably includes non-PUA mappings for GB 18030-2005 in order to achieve round-trip conversion.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> GNU <a href="/wiki/Libiconv" class="mw-redirect" title="Libiconv">libiconv</a>, an alternative <a href="/wiki/Iconv" title="Iconv">iconv</a> implementation frequently used on non-glibc UNIX-like environments like <a href="/wiki/Cygwin" title="Cygwin">Cygwin</a>, supports GB 18030 since version 1.4.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2022, "supporting non-Chinese scripts continues to be optional"<sup id="cite_ref-non-Chinese_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-non-Chinese-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (presumably for display/font support only; and in China, since the encoding is a full UTF). The standard is known to support English/ASCII and the "following non-Chinese scripts are recognized by GB 18030-2022: Arabic, Tibetan, Mongolian, Tai Le, New Tai Lue, Tai Tham, Yi, Lisu, Hangul (Korean), and Miao."<sup id="cite_ref-non-Chinese_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-non-Chinese-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fonts">Fonts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GB_18030&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Fonts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The GB18030 Support Package for Windows contains SimSun18030.ttc, a TrueType font collection file which combines two Chinese fonts, SimSun-18030 and NSimSun-18030. The <a href="/wiki/SimSun" class="mw-redirect" title="SimSun">SimSun</a> 18030 font includes all the characters<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="Given the rest of the paragraph, presumably doesn't mean all Unicode 2.1 codepoints? (March 2019)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> in Unicode 2.1 plus new characters found in the Unicode CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A block although, despite its name, it does not contain glyphs for all characters encoded by GB 18030, as all (about a million) Unicode code points up to U+10FFFF can be encoded as GB 18030. GB 18030 compliance certification only requires correct handling and recognition of glyphs in the mandatory (two-byte, and CJK Ext. A) Chinese part.<sup id="cite_ref-CESI-FAQ_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CESI-FAQ-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 4">: 4 </span></sup> Nevertheless, the requirement of PUA characters in the standard have hampered this implementation.<sup id="cite_ref-enc27_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enc27-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_YaHei" title="Microsoft YaHei">Microsoft YaHei</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=DengXian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DengXian (page does not exist)">DengXian</a> provided by Microsoft are updated in 2023 to match GB 18030-2022 implementation level 2, and SimSun is updated to match implementation level 3.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Source_Han_Sans" title="Source Han Sans">Source Han Sans</a> (and its counterpart Noto Sans CJK) are already compliant with GB 18030-2022 implementation level 2 when the standard update for GB 18030 is announced as of November 2022<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GB_18030&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>. <a href="/wiki/Source_Han_Serif" title="Source Han Serif">Source Han Serif</a> (and its counterpart Noto Serif CJK) however is not compliant at the time, and an update is provided to ensure the font is compliant to implementation level 2. Similarly Microsoft YaHei and PingFang (Apple) require a small number of URO additions that are associated with implementation level 1 in order to become compliant with GB 18030-2022 implementation level 2.<sup id="cite_ref-non-Chinese_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-non-Chinese-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/List_of_CJK_fonts" title="List of CJK fonts">Other CJK font families</a> like HAN NOM<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Hanazono Mincho<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> provide wider coverage for Unicode CJK Extension blocks than SimSun-18030 or even SimSun (Founder Extended), but they don't support all code points defined in GB 18030. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GB_18030&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guobiao_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Guobiao code">Guobiao code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CJK_characters" title="CJK characters">CJK characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_character_encoding" title="Chinese character encoding">Chinese character encoding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Unicode_encodings" title="Comparison of Unicode encodings">Comparison of Unicode encodings</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GB_18030&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Note that GB18030 omits surrogates; see <a href="#Mapping">#Mapping</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/Euro_sign" title="Euro sign">euro sign</a> is an exception which is given a single byte code of 0x80 in Microsoft's later versions of CP936/GBK and a two byte code of A2 E3 in GB18030.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The code points include the 66 Unicode noncharacters.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-icu-80-glitch-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-icu-80-glitch_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ICU seems to erroneously consider this code point valid, which is in neither versions of the published standards. <a href="/wiki/WHATWG" title="WHATWG">WHATWG</a> assigns this byte to U+20AC (GBK <a href="/wiki/Euro_sign" title="Euro sign">euro sign</a>) in its universal gb2312-gbk-gb18030 decoder.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For a finer division of this range, see <a href="/wiki/GBK_(character_encoding)" title="GBK (character encoding)">GBK (character encoding) § Encoding</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Some code points are encoded with two bytes (upper row), the others with four bytes (lower row). U+FFFF is encoded as <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">84 31 A4 39</code> on page 239 of the 2005 standard, although the standard gives as far as <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">84 39 FE 39</code> for BMP mapping.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">These are <a href="/wiki/Surrogate_code_point" class="mw-redirect" title="Surrogate code point">surrogate code points</a>; they have no meaning outside of <a href="/wiki/UTF-16" title="UTF-16">UTF-16</a> encoding.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Furthermore, due to the encodings of U+E7C7 and U+1E3F having been swapped, U+E7C7 is encoded in the 2005 edition of the standard as 81 35 F4 37, between U+1E3E (81 35 F4 36) and U+1E40 (81 35 F4 38). Hence, only the 2000 edition is entirely sequential in allocating the four-byte codes to otherwise unmapped code points.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GB_18030&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-IANA-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IANA_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAnthony_Fok2002" class="citation web cs1">Anthony Fok (2002-03-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iana.org/assignments/charset-reg/GB18030">"Application of IANA Charset Registration for GB18030"</a>. IANA Character Set Registrations<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-12-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Application+of+IANA+Charset+Registration+for+GB18030&rft.pub=IANA+Character+Set+Registrations&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.au=Anthony+Fok&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iana.org%2Fassignments%2Fcharset-reg%2FGB18030&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGB+18030" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2022/22274-disruptive-changes.pdf">"Disruptive Changes in GB 18030-2022"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>www.unicode.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.unicode.org&rft.atitle=Disruptive+Changes+in+GB+18030-2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2022%2F22274-disruptive-changes.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGB+18030" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8301119">"[JDK-8301119] Support for GB18030-2022 - Java Bug System"</a>. <i>bugs.openjdk.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bugs.openjdk.org&rft.atitle=%5BJDK-8301119%5D+Support+for+GB18030-2022+-+Java+Bug+System&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbugs.openjdk.org%2Fbrowse%2FJDK-8301119&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGB+18030" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jdk.java.net/21/release-notes">"JDK 21 Release Notes"</a>. <i>jdk.java.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=jdk.java.net&rft.atitle=JDK+21+Release+Notes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjdk.java.net%2F21%2Frelease-notes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGB+18030" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8307340">"[JDK-8307340] Release Note: Support for GB18030-2022 - Java Bug System"</a>. <i>bugs.openjdk.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bugs.openjdk.org&rft.atitle=%5BJDK-8307340%5D+Release+Note%3A+Support+for+GB18030-2022+-+Java+Bug+System&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbugs.openjdk.org%2Fbrowse%2FJDK-8307340&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGB+18030" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CESI-FAQ-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CESI-FAQ_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CESI-FAQ_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CESI-FAQ_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CESI-FAQ_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCESI2009" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Electronics_Standardization_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="China Electronics Standardization Institute (page does not exist)">CESI</a> (2009-07-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160928145226/http://www.cc.cesi.cn/UpLoadFolder/OtherFile/200907/2009070816133686.doc">"GB18030 符合性问与答"</a> [GB18030 compliance FAQ]. <i>CESI Certification Center</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cc.cesi.cn/UpLoadFolder/OtherFile/200907/2009070816133686.doc">the original</a> on 2016-09-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-10-12</span></span>. <q><i>Page 4</i> 同时达到以下两个要求的产品，为符合GB 18030-2005强制部分的产品：①产品可以正确输入、输出、处理GB 18030-2005强制部分规定的全部汉字字符；②产品可以正确识别GB 18030-2005强制性部分规定的全部汉字字符对应的编码。 [A product compliant with the mandatory part of GB 18030 must be able to correctly a) input, output and process all Chinese characters defined in the mandatory set; b) recognize encodings for characters in the mandatory set.]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CESI+Certification+Center&rft.atitle=GB18030+%E7%AC%A6%E5%90%88%E6%80%A7%E9%97%AE%E4%B8%8E%E7%AD%94&rft.date=2009-07-08&rft.au=CESI&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cc.cesi.cn%2FUpLoadFolder%2FOtherFile%2F200907%2F2009070816133686.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGB+18030" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/GB18030-compliance-faq">Alt URL</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gb18030-2005-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gb18030-2005_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gb18030-2005_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gb18030-2005_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gb18030-2005_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gb18030-2005_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStandardization_Administration_of_China_(SAC)2005" class="citation book cs1">Standardization Administration of China (SAC) (2005-11-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/GB18030-2005"><i>GB 18030-2005: Information Technology—Chinese coded character set</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=GB+18030-2005%3A+Information+Technology%E2%80%94Chinese+coded+character+set&rft.date=2005-11-18&rft.au=Standardization+Administration+of+China+%28SAC%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FGB18030-2005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGB+18030" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssl.icu-project.org/docs/papers/unicode-gb18030-faq.html">"Unicode FAQ on GB 18030"</a>. <i>ICU Project</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ICU+Project&rft.atitle=Unicode+FAQ+on+GB+18030&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fssl.icu-project.org%2Fdocs%2Fpapers%2Funicode-gb18030-faq.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGB+18030" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gb18030-2000-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gb18030-2000_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gb18030-2000_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/GB18030-2000"><i>GB 18030-2000: Information Technology—Chinese ideograms coded character set for information interchange—Extension for the basic set</i></a>. 2000-03-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=GB+18030-2000%3A+Information+Technology%E2%80%94Chinese+ideograms+coded+character+set+for+information+interchange%E2%80%94Extension+for+the+basic+set&rft.date=2000-03-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FGB18030-2000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGB+18030" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lunde2006-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lunde2006_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunde2006_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunde2006_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="L2-06-394" class="citation web cs1">Lunde, Ken (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2006/06394-gb18030-2005.txt">"L2/06-394 Update on GB 18030:2005"</a>. Unicode Technical Committee Document Registry<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L2%2F06-394+Update+on+GB+18030%3A2005&rft.pub=Unicode+Technical+Committee+Document+Registry&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Lunde&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2006%2F06394-gb18030-2005.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGB+18030" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gb18030-2022-kenlunde-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gb18030-2022-kenlunde_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gb18030-2022-kenlunde_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gb18030-2022-kenlunde_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLunde2022" class="citation web cs1">Lunde, Ken (4 August 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ken-lunde.medium.com/the-gb-18030-2022-standard-3d0ebaeb4132">"The GB 18030-2022 Standard"</a>. <i>Medium</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CJKV+Information+Processing&rft.pub=O%27Reilly+Media%2C+Inc&rft.date=2008-12&rft.isbn=978-0-596-51447-1&rft.aulast=Lunde&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSA92uQqTB-AC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGB+18030" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCESI2009" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Electronics_Standardization_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="China Electronics Standardization Institute (page does not exist)">CESI</a> (2009-07-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160928145226/http://www.cc.cesi.cn/UpLoadFolder/OtherFile/200907/2009070816133686.doc">"GB18030 符合性问与答"</a> [GB18030 compliance FAQ]. <i>CESI Certification Center</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cc.cesi.cn/UpLoadFolder/OtherFile/200907/2009070816133686.doc">the original</a> on 2016-09-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-10-12</span></span>. <q><i>Page 4</i> 同时达到以下两个要求的产品，为符合GB 18030-2005强制部分的产品：①产品可以正确输入、输出、处理GB 18030-2005强制部分规定的全部汉字字符；②产品可以正确识别GB 18030-2005强制性部分规定的全部汉字字符对应的编码。 [A product compliant with the mandatory part of GB 18030 must be able to correctly a) input, output and process all Chinese characters defined in the mandatory set; b) recognize encodings for characters in the mandatory set.]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CESI+Certification+Center&rft.atitle=GB18030+%E7%AC%A6%E5%90%88%E6%80%A7%E9%97%AE%E4%B8%8E%E7%AD%94&rft.date=2009-07-08&rft.au=CESI&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cc.cesi.cn%2FUpLoadFolder%2FOtherFile%2F200907%2F2009070816133686.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGB+18030" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLunde2023" class="citation web cs1">Lunde, Dr Ken (2023-11-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ken-lunde.medium.com/the-first-amendment-fe064d9d7d8">"The First Amendment"</a>. <i>Medium</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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ICU –  International Components for Unicode. 2001-02-21. Accessed 2016-09-04.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-whatwg-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-whatwg_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encoding.spec.whatwg.org/#index-gb18030-ranges-pointer">"Encoding Standard # gb18030-index"</a>. <i>WHATWG</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=fc02e2e3-14bb-46c1-afee-3732d6249647&DisplayLang=en">the original</a> on 2012-06-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft&rft.atitle=GB18030+Support+Package&rft.au=Microsoft&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.microsoft.com%2Fdownloads%2Fdetails.aspx%3FFamilyID%3Dfc02e2e3-14bb-46c1-afee-3732d6249647%26DisplayLang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGB+18030" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrepper" class="citation web cs1">Drepper, Ulrich. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sourceware.org/git/gitweb.cgi?p=glibc.git;a=commit;h=bc0413276ea17dc2a255ce726e9b9a504438980f">"GB18030 iconv module for glibc"</a>. <i>glibc git</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=glibc+git&rft.atitle=GB18030+iconv+module+for+glibc.&rft.aulast=Drepper&rft.aufirst=Ulrich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsourceware.org%2Fgit%2Fgitweb.cgi%3Fp%3Dglibc.git%3Ba%3Dcommit%3Bh%3Dbc0413276ea17dc2a255ce726e9b9a504438980f&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGB+18030" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrepper" class="citation web cs1">Drepper, Ulrich. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sourceware.org/git/gitweb.cgi?p=glibc.git;a=commit;h=ee30c380b8f7c9253c87103c58c5201268d30181">"Update GB18030 to 2005 version"</a>. <i>glibc git</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=glibc+git&rft.atitle=Update+GB18030+to+2005+version&rft.aulast=Drepper&rft.aufirst=Ulrich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsourceware.org%2Fgit%2Fgitweb.cgi%3Fp%3Dglibc.git%3Ba%3Dcommit%3Bh%3Dee30c380b8f7c9253c87103c58c5201268d30181&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGB+18030" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeimerO'Donell" class="citation web cs1">Weimer, Florian; O'Donell, Carlos. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=19575">"Status of GB18030 tables (#19575)"</a>. <i>Sourceware Bugzilla</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sourceware+Bugzilla&rft.atitle=Status+of+GB18030+tables+%28%2319575%29&rft.aulast=Weimer&rft.aufirst=Florian&rft.au=O%27Donell%2C+Carlos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsourceware.org%2Fbugzilla%2Fshow_bug.cgi%3Fid%3D19575&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGB+18030" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/libiconv.git/tree/NEWS?id=v1.14">"NEWS - libiconv.git - libiconv"</a>. <i>git.savannah.gnu.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-10-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=git.savannah.gnu.org&rft.atitle=NEWS+-+libiconv.git+-+libiconv&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgit.savannah.gnu.org%2Fcgit%2Flibiconv.git%2Ftree%2FNEWS%3Fid%3Dv1.14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGB+18030" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-non-Chinese-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-non-Chinese_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-non-Chinese_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-non-Chinese_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLunde2022" class="citation web cs1">Lunde, Ken (2022-08-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ken-lunde.medium.com/the-gb-18030-2022-standard-3d0ebaeb4132">"The GB 18030-2022 Standard"</a>. <i>Medium</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-11-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Medium&rft.atitle=The+GB+18030-2022+Standard&rft.date=2022-08-16&rft.aulast=Lunde&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fken-lunde.medium.com%2Fthe-gb-18030-2022-standard-3d0ebaeb4132&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGB+18030" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-enc27-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-enc27_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLunde" class="citation web cs1">Lunde, Ken. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/whatwg/encoding/issues/27">"If gb18030 is revised, consider aligning the Encoding Standard · Issue #27 · whatwg/encoding"</a>. <i>GitHub</i>. <q>Besides, supporting PUA code points in the context of the Noto CJK and Source Han fonts is a total non-starter, mainly because they are Pan-CJK typefaces, and PUA usage is extremely dangerous in such contexts.[...] One of my friends at CESI shared with me the text from the final draft a few days ago. This confirmed that the PUA requirement for the 24 characters is being lifted.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GitHub&rft.atitle=If+gb18030+is+revised%2C+consider+aligning+the+Encoding+Standard+%C2%B7+Issue+%2327+%C2%B7+whatwg%2Fencoding&rft.aulast=Lunde&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fwhatwg%2Fencoding%2Fissues%2F27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGB+18030" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/topic/july-11-2023-kb5028171-os-build-20348-1850-65cc2bda-a4a5-450f-adcb-d57ff9eb9835">"July 11, 2023—KB5028171 (OS Build 20348.1850) - Microsoft Support"</a>. <i>support.microsoft.com</i>. Microsoft<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=support.microsoft.com&rft.atitle=July+11%2C+2023%E2%80%94KB5028171+%28OS+Build+20348.1850%29+-+Microsoft+Support&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsupport.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Ftopic%2Fjuly-11-2023-kb5028171-os-build-20348-1850-65cc2bda-a4a5-450f-adcb-d57ff9eb9835&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGB+18030" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVietUnicode" class="citation web cs1">VietUnicode. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sourceforge.net/projects/vietunicode/files/hannom/">"/hannom"</a>. <i>sourceforge.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-10-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sourceforge.net&rft.atitle=%2Fhannom&rft.au=VietUnicode&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsourceforge.net%2Fprojects%2Fvietunicode%2Ffiles%2Fhannom%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGB+18030" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100412205922/http://fonts.jp/hanazono/">"Hanazono fonts"</a>. <i>fonts.jp</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fonts.jp/hanazono/">the original</a> on 2010-04-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-10-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fonts.jp&rft.atitle=Hanazono+fonts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffonts.jp%2Fhanazono%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGB+18030" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GB_18030&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iana.org/assignments/charset-reg/GB18030">IANA Charset Registration for GB18030</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170202093140/https://examples.oreilly.com/cjkvinfo/pdf/GB18030_Summary.pdf">"English language summary of  –  -2000"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. February 16, 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://examples.oreilly.com/cjkvinfo/pdf/GB18030_Summary.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2017-02-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=English+language+summary+of+%26ndash%3B%26%2332%3B+-2000&rft.date=2001-02-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexamples.oreilly.com%2Fcjkvinfo%2Fpdf%2FGB18030_Summary.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGB+18030" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120825155118/https://developers.sun.com/dev/gadc/technicalpublications/articles/gb18030.html">Introduction to GB18030 including evolution from GB2312 and GBK</a> (Sun/Internet Archive)</li> <li>ICU data <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://icu-project.org/docs/papers/gb18030.html">GB18030: A mega-codepage</a> (IBM DeveloperWorks)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://source.icu-project.org/repos/icu/data/trunk/charset/data/xml/gb-18030-2000.xml">Authoritative mapping table between GB18030-2000 and Unicode</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demo.icu-project.org/icu-bin/convexp?conv=gb18030">ICU Converter Explorer: GB18030</a></li></ul></li> <li>Unicode charts <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U3400.pdf">Unicode CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A</a> (PDF, 1.5 MB)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U20000.pdf">Unicode CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B</a> (PDF, 13 MB)</li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120405111548/https://www.microsoft.com/download/en/details.aspx?DisplayLang=en&id=5503">GB18030 Support Package for Windows 2000/XP, including Chinese, Tibetan, Yi, Mongolian and Thai font by Microsoft</a> (Internet Archive)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&id=">SIL's freeware fonts, editors and documentation</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chinese,_Japanese_and_Korean_computing" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:CJK_computing" title="Template:CJK computing"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:CJK_computing" title="Template talk:CJK computing"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:CJK_computing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:CJK computing"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chinese,_Japanese_and_Korean_computing" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chinese, Japanese and Korean computing</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Encodings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_character_encoding" title="Chinese character encoding">Chinese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO-2022-CN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO-2022-CN">ISO-2022-CN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNS_11643" title="CNS 11643">CNS 11643</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big5" title="Big5">Big5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Supplementary_Character_Set" title="Hong Kong Supplementary Character Set">HKSCS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">GB 18030</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GBK_(character_encoding)" title="GBK (character encoding)">GBK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GB_2312" title="GB 2312">GB 2312</a></li> <li>GB/T 12345</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HZ_(character_encoding)" title="HZ (character encoding)">HZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO-IR-165" title="ISO-IR-165">ISO-IR-165</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Character_Code_for_Information_Interchange" title="Chinese Character Code for Information Interchange">CCCII</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Japanese</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO-2022-JP" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO-2022-JP">ISO-2022-JP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JIS_encoding" title="JIS encoding">JIS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0201" title="JIS X 0201">JIS X 0201</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0208" title="JIS X 0208">JIS X 0208</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0212" title="JIS X 0212">JIS X 0212</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0213" title="JIS X 0213">JIS X 0213</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shift-JIS" class="mw-redirect" title="Shift-JIS">Shift-JIS</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Korean</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO-2022-KR" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO-2022-KR">ISO-2022-KR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KS_X_1001" title="KS X 1001">KS X 1001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KS_X_1002" title="KS X 1002">KS X 1002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPS_9566" title="KPS 9566">KPS 9566</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GB_12052" title="GB 12052">GB 12052</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extended_Unix_Code" title="Extended Unix Code">EUC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_2022" title="ISO/IEC 2022">ISO/IEC 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CJK_Unified_Ideographs" title="CJK Unified Ideographs">CJK Unified Ideographs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_unification" title="Han unification">Han unification</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Input methods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_input_methods" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese input methods">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_input_methods" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese input methods">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_language_and_computers#Text_input" title="Korean language and computers">Korean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fonts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_CJK_fonts" title="List of CJK fonts">List of CJK fonts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Character_encodings" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Character_encodings" title="Template:Character encodings"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Character_encodings" title="Template talk:Character encodings"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Character_encodings" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Character encodings"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Character_encodings" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Character_encoding" title="Character encoding">Character encodings</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early telecommunications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telegraph_code" title="Telegraph code">Telegraph code</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cooke_and_Wheatstone_telegraph#Codes" title="Cooke and Wheatstone telegraph">Needle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morse_code" title="Morse code">Morse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morse_code_for_non-Latin_alphabets" title="Morse code for non-Latin alphabets">Non-Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wabun_code" title="Wabun code">Wabun/Kana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_telegraph_code" title="Chinese telegraph code">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Morse_code" title="Russian Morse code">Cyrillic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baudot_code" title="Baudot code">Baudot and Murray</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fieldata" title="Fieldata">Fieldata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_646" title="ISO/IEC 646">ISO/IEC 646</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BCD_(character_encoding)" title="BCD (character encoding)">BCDIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teletex" title="Teletex">Teletex</a> and <a href="/wiki/Videotex" title="Videotex">Videotex</a>/<a href="/wiki/Teletext" title="Teletext">Teletext</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/T.51/ISO/IEC_6937" title="T.51/ISO/IEC 6937">T.51/ISO/IEC 6937</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITU_T.61" title="ITU T.61">ITU T.61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Videotex_character_set" title="Videotex character set">ITU T.101</a></li> <li>World System Teletext <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_System_Teletext" title="World System Teletext">background</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teletext_character_set" title="Teletext character set">sets</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcode_(character_encoding)" title="Transcode (character encoding)">Transcode</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859" title="ISO/IEC 8859">ISO/IEC 8859</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Approved parts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-1" title="ISO/IEC 8859-1">-1 (Western Europe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-2" title="ISO/IEC 8859-2">-2 (Central Europe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-3" title="ISO/IEC 8859-3">-3 (Maltese/Esperanto)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-4" title="ISO/IEC 8859-4">-4 (North Europe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-5" title="ISO/IEC 8859-5">-5 (Cyrillic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-6" title="ISO/IEC 8859-6">-6 (Arabic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-7" title="ISO/IEC 8859-7">-7 (Greek)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-8" title="ISO/IEC 8859-8">-8 (Hebrew)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-9" title="ISO/IEC 8859-9">-9 (Turkish)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-10" title="ISO/IEC 8859-10">-10 (Nordic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-11" title="ISO/IEC 8859-11">-11 (Thai)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-13" title="ISO/IEC 8859-13">-13 (Baltic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-14" title="ISO/IEC 8859-14">-14 (Celtic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-15" title="ISO/IEC 8859-15">-15 (New Western Europe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-16" title="ISO/IEC 8859-16">-16 (Romanian)</a></li></ul></li> <li>Abandoned parts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-12" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 8859-12">-12 (Devanagari)</a></li></ul></li> <li>Proposed but not approved <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO-IR-111" title="ISO-IR-111">KOI-8 Cyrillic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO-IR-197" title="ISO-IR-197">Sámi</a></li></ul></li> <li>Adaptations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO-IR-182" title="ISO-IR-182">Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO-IR-200" title="ISO-IR-200">Barents Cyrillic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_922" title="Code page 922">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1124" title="Code page 1124">Ukrainian Cyrillic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bibliographic use</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MARC-8" title="MARC-8">MARC-8</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ANSEL" title="ANSEL">ANSEL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Character_Code_for_Information_Interchange" title="Chinese Character Code for Information Interchange">CCCII/EACC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5426" title="ISO 5426">ISO 5426</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5426" title="ISO 5426">5426-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5427" title="ISO 5427">5427</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5428" title="ISO 5428">5428</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6438" title="ISO 6438">6438</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6862" title="ISO 6862">6862</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ArmSCII" title="ArmSCII">ArmSCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big5" title="Big5">Big5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BraSCII" title="BraSCII">BraSCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNS_11643" title="CNS 11643">CNS 11643</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIN_66003" title="DIN 66003">DIN 66003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ELOT_927" title="ELOT 927">ELOT 927</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOST_10859" title="GOST 10859">GOST 10859</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GB_2312" title="GB 2312">GB 2312</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GB_12345" title="GB 12345">GB 12345</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GB_12052" title="GB 12052">GB 12052</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">GB 18030</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Supplementary_Character_Set" title="Hong Kong Supplementary Character Set">HKSCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Script_Code_for_Information_Interchange" title="Indian Script Code for Information Interchange">ISCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0201" title="JIS X 0201">JIS X 0201</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0208" title="JIS X 0208">JIS X 0208</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0212" title="JIS X 0212">JIS X 0212</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0213" title="JIS X 0213">JIS X 0213</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOI-7" title="KOI-7">KOI-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPS_9566" title="KPS 9566">KPS 9566</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KS_X_1001" title="KS X 1001">KS X 1001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KS_X_1002" title="KS X 1002">KS X 1002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LST_1564" title="LST 1564">LST 1564</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LST_1590-4" title="LST 1590-4">LST 1590-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perso-Arabic_Script_Code_for_Information_Interchange" title="Perso-Arabic Script Code for Information Interchange">PASCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shift_JIS" title="Shift JIS">Shift JIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SI_960" title="SI 960">SI 960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_Industrial_Standard_620-2533" title="Thai Industrial Standard 620-2533">TIS-620</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Script_Code_for_Information_Interchange" title="Tamil Script Code for Information Interchange">TSCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VISCII" title="VISCII">VISCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VSCII" title="VSCII">VSCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YUSCII" title="YUSCII">YUSCII</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_2022" title="ISO/IEC 2022">ISO/IEC 2022</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859" title="ISO/IEC 8859">ISO/IEC 8859</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_10367" title="ISO/IEC 10367">ISO/IEC 10367</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_Unix_Code" title="Extended Unix Code">Extended Unix Code / EUC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mac OS <a href="/wiki/Code_page" title="Code page">Code pages</a><br />("scripts")</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Armenian" title="Mac OS Armenian">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacArabic_encoding" title="MacArabic encoding">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Barents_Cyrillic" title="Mac OS Barents Cyrillic">Barents Cyrillic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Celtic" title="Mac OS Celtic">Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Central_European_encoding" title="Mac OS Central European encoding">Central European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Croatian_encoding" title="Mac OS Croatian encoding">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Cyrillic_encoding" title="Mac OS Cyrillic encoding">Cyrillic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Devanagari_encoding" title="Mac OS Devanagari encoding">Devanagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacFarsi_encoding" title="MacFarsi encoding">Farsi (Persian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Font_X_encoding" title="Macintosh Font X encoding">Font X (Kermit)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Gaelic" title="Mac OS Gaelic">Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Georgian" title="Mac OS Georgian">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacGreek_encoding" title="MacGreek encoding">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Gujarati" title="Mac OS Gujarati">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Gurmukhi" title="Mac OS Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Hebrew" title="Mac OS Hebrew">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Icelandic_encoding" title="Mac OS Icelandic encoding">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Inuit" title="Mac OS Inuit">Inuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Keyboard_encoding" title="Mac OS Keyboard encoding">Keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Latin_encoding" title="Macintosh Latin encoding">Latin (Kermit)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Maltese/Esperanto_encoding" title="Mac OS Maltese/Esperanto encoding">Maltese/Esperanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Ogham" title="Mac OS Ogham">Ogham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Roman" title="Mac OS Roman">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Romanian_encoding" title="Mac OS Romanian encoding">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_S%C3%A1mi" title="Mac OS Sámi">Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Turkish_encoding" title="Mac OS Turkish encoding">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Turkic_Cyrillic" title="Mac OS Turkic Cyrillic">Turkic Cyrillic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Ukrainian_encoding" title="Mac OS Ukrainian encoding">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VT100_encoding" title="VT100 encoding">VT100</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">DOS code pages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_437" title="Code page 437">437</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_668" title="Code page 668">668</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_708" title="Code page 708">708</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_720" title="Code page 720">720</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_737" title="Code page 737">737</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_770" title="Code page 770">770</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_773" title="Code page 773">773</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_775" title="Code page 775">775</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_776" title="Code page 776">776</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_777" title="Code page 777">777</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_778" title="Code page 778">778</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_850" title="Code page 850">850</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_851" title="Code page 851">851</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_852" title="Code page 852">852</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_853" title="Code page 853">853</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_855" title="Code page 855">855</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_856" title="Code page 856">856</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_857" title="Code page 857">857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_858" class="mw-redirect" title="Code page 858">858</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_859" title="Code page 859">859</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_860" title="Code page 860">860</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_861" title="Code page 861">861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_862" title="Code page 862">862</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_863" title="Code page 863">863</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_864" title="Code page 864">864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_865" title="Code page 865">865</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_866" title="Code page 866">866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_867" title="Code page 867">867</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_868" title="Code page 868">868</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_869" title="Code page 869">869</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_897" title="Code page 897">897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_899" title="Code page 899">899</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_903" title="Code page 903">903</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_904" title="Code page 904">904</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_932_(IBM)" title="Code page 932 (IBM)">932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_936_(IBM)" title="Code page 936 (IBM)">936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_942" title="Code page 942">942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_949_(IBM)" title="Code page 949 (IBM)">949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_950" title="Code page 950">950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_951" title="Code page 951">951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1034" class="mw-redirect" title="Code page 1034">1034</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1040" title="Code page 1040">1040</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1042" title="Code page 1042">1042</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1043" title="Code page 1043">1043</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1044" class="mw-redirect" title="Code page 1044">1044</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1098" title="Code page 1098">1098</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1115" title="Code page 1115">1115</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1116" title="Code page 1116">1116</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1117" title="Code page 1117">1117</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1118" title="Code page 1118">1118</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1127" title="Code page 1127">1127</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_3846" title="Code page 3846">3846</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABICOMP_character_set" title="ABICOMP character set">ABICOMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CS_Indic_character_set" title="CS Indic character set">CS Indic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSX_Indic_character_set" title="CSX Indic character set">CSX Indic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSX%2B_Indic_character_set" title="CSX+ Indic character set">CSX+ Indic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CWI-2" title="CWI-2">CWI-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_System_encoding" title="Iran System encoding">Iran System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamenick%C3%BD_encoding" title="Kamenický encoding">Kamenický</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazovia_encoding" title="Mazovia encoding">Mazovia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIK_(character_set)" title="MIK (character set)">MIK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IBM_AIX" title="IBM AIX">IBM AIX code pages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_895" title="Code page 895">895</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_896" title="Code page 896">896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_912" title="Code page 912">912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_915" title="Code page 915">915</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_921" title="Code page 921">921</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_922" title="Code page 922">922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1006" title="Code page 1006">1006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1008" title="Code page 1008">1008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1009" title="Code page 1009">1009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1010" title="Code page 1010">1010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1012" title="Code page 1012">1012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1013" title="Code page 1013">1013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1014" title="Code page 1014">1014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1015" title="Code page 1015">1015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1016" title="Code page 1016">1016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1017" title="Code page 1017">1017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1018" title="Code page 1018">1018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1019" title="Code page 1019">1019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1046" title="Code page 1046">1046</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1124" title="Code page 1124">1124</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1133" title="Code page 1133">1133</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Windows_code_page" title="Windows code page">Windows code pages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CER-GS" title="CER-GS">CER-GS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_932_(Microsoft_Windows)" title="Code page 932 (Microsoft Windows)">932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_936_(Microsoft_Windows)" title="Code page 936 (Microsoft Windows)">936</a> (<a href="/wiki/GBK_(character_encoding)" title="GBK (character encoding)">GBK</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_950" title="Code page 950">950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1169" title="Code page 1169">1169</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_Latin-8" title="Extended Latin-8">Extended Latin-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1250" title="Windows-1250">1250</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1251" title="Windows-1251">1251</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1252" title="Windows-1252">1252</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1253" title="Windows-1253">1253</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1254" title="Windows-1254">1254</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1255" title="Windows-1255">1255</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1256" title="Windows-1256">1256</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1257" title="Windows-1257">1257</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1258" title="Windows-1258">1258</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1270" title="Windows-1270">1270</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Cyrillic_%2B_Finnish" title="Windows Cyrillic + Finnish">Cyrillic + Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Cyrillic_%2B_French" title="Windows Cyrillic + French">Cyrillic + French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Cyrillic_%2B_German" title="Windows Cyrillic + German">Cyrillic + German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Polytonic_Greek" title="Windows Polytonic Greek">Polytonic Greek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/EBCDIC" title="EBCDIC">EBCDIC</a> code pages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language_in_EBCDIC" title="Japanese language in EBCDIC">Japanese language in EBCDIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DKOI" title="DKOI">DKOI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">DEC</a> terminals (<a href="/wiki/VT220" title="VT220">VTx</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multinational_Character_Set" title="Multinational Character Set">Multinational (MCS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Replacement_Character_Set" title="National Replacement Character Set">National Replacement (NRCS)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1020" title="Code page 1020">French Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1021" title="Code page 1021">Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1023" title="Code page 1023">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1101" title="Code page 1101">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1102" title="Code page 1102">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1103" title="Code page 1103">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1104" title="Code page 1104">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1105" title="Code page 1105">Norwegian and Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1106" title="Code page 1106">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1107" title="Code page 1107">Norwegian and Danish (alternative)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1287" title="Code page 1287">8-bit Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1288" title="Code page 1288">8-bit Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SI_960" title="SI 960">SI 960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEC_Hebrew" title="DEC Hebrew">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEC_Special_Graphics" title="DEC Special Graphics">Special Graphics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEC_Technical_Character_Set" title="DEC Technical Character Set">Technical (TCS)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Platform specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1052" class="mw-redirect" title="Code page 1052">1052</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1053" class="mw-redirect" title="Code page 1053">1053</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1054" class="mw-redirect" title="Code page 1054">1054</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1055" class="mw-redirect" title="Code page 1055">1055</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Code_page_1056&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Code page 1056 (page does not exist)">1056</a></li> <li>1057</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1058" title="Code page 1058">1058</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RISC_OS_character_set" title="RISC OS character set">Acorn RISC OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amstrad_CPC_character_set" title="Amstrad CPC character set">Amstrad CPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_II_character_set" title="Apple II character set">Apple II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATASCII" title="ATASCII">ATASCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_ST_character_set" title="Atari ST character set">Atari ST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitstream_International_Character_Set" title="Bitstream International Character Set">BICS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casio_calculator_character_sets" title="Casio calculator character sets">Casio calculators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDC_display_code" title="CDC display code">CDC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intecolor/Compucolor_8001_character_set" class="mw-redirect" title="Intecolor/Compucolor 8001 character set">Compucolor 8001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compucolor_II_character_set" title="Compucolor II character set">Compucolor II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amstrad_CP/M_Plus_character_set" title="Amstrad CP/M Plus character set">CP/M+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEC_RADIX_50" title="DEC RADIX 50">DEC RADIX 50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multinational_Character_Set" title="Multinational Character Set">DEC MCS</a>/<a href="/wiki/National_Replacement_Character_Set" title="National Replacement Character Set">NRCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DG_International" title="DG International">DG International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galaksija_(computer)#Character_ROM" title="Galaksija (computer)">Galaksija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GEM_character_set" title="GEM character set">GEM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSM_03.38" title="GSM 03.38">GSM 03.38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HP_Roman" title="HP Roman">HP Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOCAL_character_set" title="FOCAL character set">HP FOCAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPL_character_set" title="RPL character set">HP RPL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SQUOZE#Identifier_name_character_encoding" title="SQUOZE">SQUOZE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_International_Character_Set" title="Lotus International Character Set">LICS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Multi-Byte_Character_Set" title="Lotus Multi-Byte Character Set">LMBCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSX_character_set" title="MSX character set">MSX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEC_APC_character_set" title="NEC APC character set">NEC APC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NeXT_character_set" title="NeXT character set">NeXT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PETSCII" title="PETSCII">PETSCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PostScript_Standard_Encoding" title="PostScript Standard Encoding">PostScript Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PostScript_Latin_1_Encoding" title="PostScript Latin 1 Encoding">PostScript Latin 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAM_Coup%C3%A9_character_set" class="mw-redirect" title="SAM Coupé character set">SAM Coupé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sega_SC-3000_character_set" title="Sega SC-3000 character set">Sega SC-3000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharp_pocket_computer_character_sets" title="Sharp pocket computer character sets">Sharp calculators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharp_MZ_character_set" title="Sharp MZ character set">Sharp MZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinclair_QL_character_set" title="Sinclair QL character set">Sinclair QL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teletext_character_set" title="Teletext character set">Teletext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TI_calculator_character_sets" title="TI calculator character sets">TI calculators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRS-80_character_set" title="TRS-80 character set">TRS-80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventura_International" title="Ventura International">Ventura International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_International_Standard_Code_for_Information_Interchange" title="Wang International Standard Code for Information Interchange">WISCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xerox_Character_Code_Standard" title="Xerox Character Code Standard">XCCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZX80_character_set" title="ZX80 character set">ZX80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZX81_character_set" title="ZX81 character set">ZX81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZX_Spectrum_character_set" title="ZX Spectrum character set">ZX Spectrum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> / <a href="/wiki/Universal_Coded_Character_Set" title="Universal Coded Character Set">ISO/IEC 10646</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UTF-1" title="UTF-1">UTF-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-7" title="UTF-7">UTF-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-16" title="UTF-16">UTF-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-32" title="UTF-32">UTF-32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-EBCDIC" title="UTF-EBCDIC">UTF-EBCDIC</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">GB 18030</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIN_91379" title="DIN 91379">DIN 91379</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binary_Ordered_Compression_for_Unicode" title="Binary Ordered Compression for Unicode">BOCU-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CESU-8" title="CESU-8">CESU-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Compression_Scheme_for_Unicode" title="Standard Compression Scheme for Unicode">SCSU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_All_Character_Encoding" title="Tamil All Character Encoding">TACE16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Unicode_encodings" title="Comparison of Unicode encodings">Comparison of Unicode encodings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/TeX" title="TeX">TeX</a> typesetting system</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cork_encoding" title="Cork encoding">Cork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LY1_encoding" title="LY1 encoding">LY1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OML_encoding" title="OML encoding">OML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OMS_encoding" title="OMS encoding">OMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OT1_encoding" title="OT1 encoding">OT1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous code pages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABICOMP_character_set" title="ABICOMP character set">ABICOMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASMO_449" title="ASMO 449">ASMO 449</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_encoding_of_APL_symbols" title="Digital encoding of APL symbols">Digital encoding of APL symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO-IR-68" title="ISO-IR-68">ISO-IR-68</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARIB_STD_B24_character_set" title="ARIB STD B24 character set">ARIB STD-B24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fieldata" title="Fieldata">Fieldata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HZ_(character_encoding)" title="HZ (character encoding)">HZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC-P27-1" title="IEC-P27-1">IEC-P27-1</a></li> <li>INIS <ul><li><a href="/wiki/INIS_character_set" title="INIS character set">7-bit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INIS-8" title="INIS-8">8-bit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO-IR-169" title="ISO-IR-169">ISO-IR-169</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2033" title="ISO 2033">ISO 2033</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOI_character_encodings" title="KOI character encodings">KOI</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KOI8-R" title="KOI8-R">KOI8-R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOI8-RU" title="KOI8-RU">KOI8-RU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOI8-U" title="KOI8-U">KOI8-U</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mojiky%C5%8D" title="Mojikyō">Mojikyō</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Extended_ASCII" title="Stanford Extended ASCII">SEASCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford/ITS_character_set" title="Stanford/ITS character set">Stanford/ITS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbol_(typeface)" title="Symbol (typeface)">Symbol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRON_(encoding)" title="TRON (encoding)">TRON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Hangul_Code" title="Unified Hangul Code">Unified Hangul Code</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Control_character" title="Control character">Control character</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prosigns_for_Morse_code" title="Prosigns for Morse code">Morse prosigns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes" title="C0 and C1 control codes">C0 and C1 control codes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ANSI_escape_code" title="ANSI escape code">ISO/IEC 6429</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0211" title="JIS X 0211">JIS X 0211</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_control_characters" title="Unicode control characters">Unicode control, format and separator characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitespace_character" title="Whitespace character">Whitespace characters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CCSID" title="CCSID">CCSID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Character_encodings_in_HTML" title="Character encodings in HTML">Character encodings in HTML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charset_detection" title="Charset detection">Charset detection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_unification" title="Han unification">Han unification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardware_code_page" title="Hardware code page">Hardware code page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_ink_character_recognition" title="Magnetic ink character recognition">MICR code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojibake" title="Mojibake">Mojibake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable-width_encoding" title="Variable-width encoding">Variable-length encoding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Character_sets" title="Category:Character sets">Character sets</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Unicode" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Unicode_navigation" title="Template:Unicode navigation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Unicode_navigation" title="Template talk:Unicode navigation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Unicode_navigation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Unicode navigation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Unicode" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unicode</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_Consortium" title="Unicode Consortium">Unicode Consortium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Coded_Character_Set" title="Universal Coded Character Set">ISO/IEC 10646 (Universal Character Set)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode#Versions" title="Unicode">Versions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Code_point" title="Code point">Code points</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_block" title="Unicode block">Block</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Unicode_blocks" title="Category:Unicode blocks">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Character_Set_characters" title="Universal Character Set characters">Universal Character Set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Unicode_charts" title="Category:Unicode charts">Character charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_character_property" title="Unicode character property">Character property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plane_(Unicode)" title="Plane (Unicode)">Plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_Use_Areas" title="Private Use Areas">Private Use Area</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Universal_Character_Set_characters#Special-purpose_characters" title="Universal Character Set characters">Special purpose</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byte_order_mark" title="Byte order mark">BOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combining_grapheme_joiner" title="Combining grapheme joiner">Combining grapheme joiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-to-right_mark" title="Left-to-right mark">Left-to-right mark</a> / <a href="/wiki/Right-to-left_mark" title="Right-to-left mark">Right-to-left mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_hyphen" title="Soft hyphen">Soft hyphen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variant_form_(Unicode)" title="Variant form (Unicode)">Variant form</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Word_joiner" title="Word joiner">Word joiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero-width_joiner" title="Zero-width joiner">Zero-width joiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero-width_non-joiner" title="Zero-width non-joiner">Zero-width non-joiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero-width_space" title="Zero-width space">Zero-width space</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Unicode_characters" title="List of Unicode characters">Characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CJK_Unified_Ideographs" title="CJK Unified Ideographs">CJK Unified Ideographs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combining_character" title="Combining character">Combining character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duplicate_characters_in_Unicode" title="Duplicate characters in Unicode">Duplicate characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerals_in_Unicode" title="Numerals in Unicode">Numerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Script_(Unicode)" title="Script (Unicode)">Scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_(punctuation)#Spaces_in_Unicode" title="Space (punctuation)">Spaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_symbol" title="Unicode symbol">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halfwidth_and_fullwidth_forms" title="Halfwidth and fullwidth forms">Halfwidth and fullwidth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_alias_names_and_abbreviations" title="Unicode alias names and abbreviations">Alias names and abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitespace_character#Unicode" title="Whitespace character">Whitespace characters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em">Algorithms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bidirectional_text" title="Bidirectional text">Bidirectional text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_collation_algorithm" title="Unicode collation algorithm">Collation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_14651" title="ISO/IEC 14651">ISO/IEC 14651</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_equivalence" title="Unicode equivalence">Equivalence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variant_form_(Unicode)" title="Variant form (Unicode)">Variation sequences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Ideographs_Core" title="International Ideographs Core">International Ideographs Core</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Unicode_encodings" title="Comparison of Unicode encodings">Comparison of encodings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binary_Ordered_Compression_for_Unicode" title="Binary Ordered Compression for Unicode">BOCU-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CESU-8" title="CESU-8">CESU-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punycode" title="Punycode">Punycode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Compression_Scheme_for_Unicode" title="Standard Compression Scheme for Unicode">SCSU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-1" title="UTF-1">UTF-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-7" title="UTF-7">UTF-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-16" title="UTF-16">UTF-16/UCS-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-32" title="UTF-32">UTF-32/UCS-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-EBCDIC" title="UTF-EBCDIC">UTF-EBCDIC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">On pairs of<br />code points</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Combining_character" title="Combining character">Combining character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_compatibility_characters" title="Unicode compatibility characters">Compatibility characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duplicate_characters_in_Unicode" title="Duplicate characters in Unicode">Duplicate characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_equivalence" title="Unicode equivalence">Equivalence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homoglyph" title="Homoglyph">Homoglyph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precomposed_character" title="Precomposed character">Precomposed character</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_precomposed_Latin_characters_in_Unicode" title="List of precomposed Latin characters in Unicode">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z-variant" title="Z-variant">Z-variant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variant_form_(Unicode)" title="Variant form (Unicode)">Variation sequences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_indicator_symbol" title="Regional indicator symbol">Regional indicator symbol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emoji#Skin_color" title="Emoji">Emoji skin color</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Usage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internationalized_domain_name" title="Internationalized domain name">Domain names (IDN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_and_email" title="Unicode and email">Email</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_font" title="Unicode font">Fonts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_and_HTML" title="Unicode and HTML">HTML</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_XML_and_HTML_character_entity_references" title="List of XML and HTML character entity references">entity references</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numeric_character_reference" title="Numeric character reference">numeric references</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_input" title="Unicode input">Input</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Ideographs_Core" title="International Ideographs Core">International Ideographs Core</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_Locale_Data_Repository" title="Common Locale Data Repository">Common Locale Data Repository (CLDR)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">GB 18030</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859" title="ISO/IEC 8859">ISO/IEC 8859</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIN_91379" title="DIN 91379">DIN 91379</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15924" title="ISO 15924">ISO 15924</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_anomaly" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode anomaly">Anomalies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ConScript_Unicode_Registry" title="ConScript Unicode Registry">ConScript Unicode Registry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideographic_Research_Group" title="Ideographic Research Group">Ideographic Research Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Components_for_Unicode" title="International Components for Unicode">International Components for Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_involved_with_Unicode" title="Category:People involved with Unicode">People involved with Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_unification" title="Han unification">Han unification</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Scripts_and_symbols_in_Unicode" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Script_(Unicode)" title="Script (Unicode)">Scripts</a> and symbols in Unicode</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Script_(Unicode)#Common_and_inherited_scripts" title="Script (Unicode)">Common and <br />inherited scripts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Combining_character" title="Combining character">Combining marks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">Diacritics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punctuation#Punctuation_marks_in_Unicode" title="Punctuation">Punctuation marks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_(punctuation)#Spaces_in_Unicode" title="Space (punctuation)">Spaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerals_in_Unicode" title="Numerals in Unicode">Numbers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adlam_script" title="Adlam script">Adlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_alphabet" title="Armenian alphabet">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_script" title="Balinese script">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamum_script" title="Bamum script">Bamum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_script" title="Batak script">Batak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali%E2%80%93Assamese_script" title="Bengali–Assamese script">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buhid_script" title="Buhid script">Buhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%E2%80%93Burmese_script" title="Mon–Burmese script">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakma_script" title="Chakma script">Chakma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_script" title="Cham script">Cham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_syllabary" title="Cherokee syllabary">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CJK_Unified_Ideographs" title="CJK Unified Ideographs">CJK Unified Ideographs (Han)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script_in_Unicode" title="Cyrillic script in Unicode">Cyrillic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deseret_alphabet" title="Deseret alphabet">Deseret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garay_alphabet" title="Garay alphabet">Garay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ge%CA%BDez_script" title="Geʽez script">Geʽez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_scripts" title="Georgian scripts">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_script_in_Unicode" title="Greek script in Unicode">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_script" title="Gujarati script">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunjala_Gondi_script" title="Gunjala Gondi script">Gunjala Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurung_Khema" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurung Khema">Gurung Khema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanifi_Rohingya_script" title="Hanifi Rohingya script">Hanifi Rohingya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanunoo_script" title="Hanunoo script">Hanunuoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">Hiragana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_script" title="Javanese script">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">Kanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_script" title="Kannada script">Kannada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">Katakana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayah_Li_alphabet" title="Kayah Li alphabet">Kayah Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">Khmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirat_Rai" title="Kirat Rai">Kirat Rai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_script" title="Lao script">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_script_in_Unicode" title="Latin script in Unicode">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_script" title="Lepcha script">Lepcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbu_script" title="Limbu script">Limbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraser_script" title="Fraser script">Lisu (Fraser)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lontara_script" title="Lontara script">Lontara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_script" title="Malayalam script">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondi_writing#Munshi_Mangal_Singh_Masaram_Script" title="Gondi writing">Masaram Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mende_Kikakui_script" title="Mende Kikakui script">Mende Kikakui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medefaidrin" title="Medefaidrin">Medefaidrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollard_script" title="Pollard script">Miao (Pollard)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_script" title="Mongolian script">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mru_language#Alphabet" title="Mru language">Mru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%27Ko_script" title="N'Ko script">N'Ko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nag_Mundari" class="mw-redirect" title="Nag Mundari">Nag Mundari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Tai_Lue_alphabet" title="New Tai Lue alphabet">New Tai Lue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCshu" title="Nüshu">Nüshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyiakeng_Puachue_Hmong" title="Nyiakeng Puachue Hmong">Nyiakeng Puachue Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_script" title="Odia script">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ol_Chiki_script" title="Ol Chiki script">Ol Chiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ol_Onal" title="Ol Onal">Ol Onal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage_script" title="Osage script">Osage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmanya_alphabet" title="Osmanya alphabet">Osmanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahawh_Hmong" title="Pahawh Hmong">Pahawh Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pau_Cin_Hau_script" title="Pau Cin Hau script">Pau Cin Hau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pracalit_script" title="Pracalit script">Pracalit (Newa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranjana_script" title="Ranjana script">Ranjana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejang_alphabet" title="Rejang alphabet">Rejang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_script" title="Samaritan script">Samaritan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saurashtra_script" title="Saurashtra script">Saurashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shavian_alphabet" title="Shavian alphabet">Shavian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_script" title="Sinhala script">Sinhala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorang_Sompeng_script" title="Sorang Sompeng script">Sorang Sompeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundanese_script" title="Sundanese script">Sundanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language" title="Sunwar language">Sunuwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagbanwa_script" title="Tagbanwa script">Tagbanwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Le_script" title="Tai Le script">Tai Le</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Tham_script" title="Tai Tham script">Tai Tham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Dam_language#Writing_system" title="Tai Dam language">Tai Viet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_script" title="Tamil script">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangsa_language" title="Tangsa language">Tangsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_script" title="Telugu script">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaana" title="Thaana">Thaana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_script" title="Thai script">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirhuta_script" title="Tirhuta script">Tirhuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toto_language#Writing_system" title="Toto language">Toto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vai_syllabary" title="Vai syllabary">Vai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wancho_script" title="Wancho script">Wancho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warang_Citi" title="Warang Citi">Warang Citi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_script" title="Yi script">Yi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient and<br />historic scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahom_script" title="Ahom script">Ahom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_hieroglyphs" title="Anatolian hieroglyphs">Anatolian hieroglyphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_North_Arabian" title="Ancient North Arabian">Ancient North Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avestan_alphabet" title="Avestan alphabet">Avestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassa_Vah_alphabet" title="Bassa Vah alphabet">Bassa Vah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaiksuki_script" title="Bhaiksuki script">Bhaiksuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brāhmī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carian_alphabets" title="Carian alphabets">Carian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albanian_script" title="Caucasian Albanian script">Caucasian Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_script" title="Coptic script">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Cuneiform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_syllabary" title="Cypriot syllabary">Cypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypro-Minoan_syllabary" title="Cypro-Minoan syllabary">Cypro-Minoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhives_Akuru" title="Dhives Akuru">Dives Akuru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogri_script" title="Dogri script">Dogra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbasan" title="Elbasan">Elbasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elymaic" title="Elymaic">Elymaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_script" title="Glagolitic script">Glagolitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_alphabet" title="Gothic alphabet">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grantha_script" title="Grantha script">Grantha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatran_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatran alphabet">Hatran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aramaic_alphabet" title="Aramaic alphabet">Imperial Aramaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_scripts#Inscriptional_Pahlavi" title="Pahlavi scripts">Inscriptional Pahlavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthian_language#Written_Parthian" title="Parthian language">Inscriptional Parthian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaithi" title="Kaithi">Kaithi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawi_script" title="Kawi script">Kawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharosthi" title="Kharosthi">Kharosthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_small_script" title="Khitan small script">Khitan small script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khojki_script" title="Khojki script">Khojki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khudabadi_script" title="Khudabadi script">Khudawadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khwarezmian_language" title="Khwarezmian language">Khwarezmian</a> (Chorasmian)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_A" title="Linear A">Linear A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycian_alphabet" title="Lycian alphabet">Lycian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydian_alphabet" title="Lydian alphabet">Lydian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahajani" title="Mahajani">Mahajani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makassarese_language#Writing_systems" title="Makassarese language">Makasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaic_alphabet" title="Mandaic alphabet">Mandaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaean_script" title="Manichaean script">Manichaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marchen_script" title="Marchen script">Marchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_script" title="Meitei script">Meetei Mayek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meroitic_script" title="Meroitic script">Meroitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modi_script" title="Modi script">Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multani_script" title="Multani script">Multani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabataean_script" title="Nabataean script">Nabataean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandinagari" title="Nandinagari">Nandinagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham">Ogham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Hungarian_script" title="Old Hungarian script">Old Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Italic_scripts" title="Old Italic scripts">Old Italic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Permic_script" title="Old Permic script">Old Permic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Persian_cuneiform" title="Old Persian cuneiform">Old Persian cuneiform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogdian_alphabet" title="Sogdian alphabet">Old Sogdian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic_script" title="Old Turkic script">Old Turkic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Uyghur" title="Old Uyghur">Old Uyghur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyrene_alphabet" title="Palmyrene alphabet">Palmyrene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BCPhags-pa_script" title="ʼPhags-pa script">ʼPhags-pa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_scripts#Psalter_Pahlavi" title="Pahlavi scripts">Psalter Pahlavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rune" title="Rune">Runic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharada_script" title="Sharada script">Sharada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddha%E1%B9%83_script" title="Siddhaṃ script">Siddham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogdian_alphabet" title="Sogdian alphabet">Sogdian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">South Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyombo_script" title="Soyombo script">Soyombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylheti_Nagri" title="Sylheti Nagri">Sylheti Nagri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baybayin" title="Baybayin">Tagalog (Baybayin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takri_script" title="Takri script">Takri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangut_script" title="Tangut script">Tangut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todhri_alphabet" title="Todhri alphabet">Todhri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigalari_script" title="Tigalari script">Tulu Tigalari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugaritic_alphabet" title="Ugaritic 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