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href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-簡介" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#簡介"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>簡介</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-簡介-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>歷史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-分類" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#分類"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>分類</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-分類-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-貨幣的功能" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#貨幣的功能"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>貨幣的功能</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-貨幣的功能-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关貨幣的功能子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-貨幣的功能-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-交易媒介" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#交易媒介"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>交易媒介</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-交易媒介-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-記賬單位" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#記賬單位"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>記賬單位</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-記賬單位-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-貯藏功能" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#貯藏功能"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>貯藏功能</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-貯藏功能-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延期支付的標準" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延期支付的標準"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>延期支付的標準</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-延期支付的標準-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-货币与宏观经济" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#货币与宏观经济"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>货币与宏观经济</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-货币与宏观经济-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-貨幣防偽" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#貨幣防偽"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>貨幣防偽</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-貨幣防偽-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-货币发行准备制度" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#货币发行准备制度"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>货币发行准备制度</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-货币发行准备制度-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>參見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相關內容" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相關內容"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>相關內容</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-相關內容-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">貨幣</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。199种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-199" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">199种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D4%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Аԥара – 阿布哈西亚语" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аԥара" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="阿布哈西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geld" title="Geld – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Geld" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geld" title="Geld – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Geld" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%88%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%98%E1%89%A5" title="ገንዘብ – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ገንዘብ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diners" title="Diners – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Diners" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikpoko" title="Ikpoko – 奥博洛语" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Ikpoko" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="奥博洛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84" title="مال – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مال" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3" title="فلوس – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="فلوس" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3" title="فلوس – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فلوس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE" title="মুদ্ৰা – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মুদ্ৰা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dineru" title="Dineru – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Dineru" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86_(%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="ГӀарац (валюта) – 阿瓦尔语" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="ГӀарац (валюта)" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="阿瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qullqi" title="Qullqi – 艾马拉语" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Qullqi" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="艾马拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pul" title="Pul – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Pul" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84" title="پول – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پول" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%A1%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Аҡса – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Аҡса" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gejd" title="Gejd – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Gejd" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%97n%C4%97ng%C4%81" title="Pėnėngā – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Pėnėngā" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwarta" title="Kwarta – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kwarta" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%8B" title="Грошы – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Грошы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%8B" title="Грошы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Грошы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duit" title="Duit – 貝塔維文" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Duit" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="貝塔維文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Пари – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пари" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="मनी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मनी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duit" title="Duit – 班亞爾文" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Duit" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="班亞爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5_(%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF)" title="অর্থ (অর্থনীতি) – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অর্থ (অর্থনীতি)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%84%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D" title="དངུལ་ལོར། – 藏语" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="དངུལ་ལོར།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc%27hant" title="Arc'hant – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Arc'hant" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novac" title="Novac – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Novac" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epeng" title="Epeng – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Epeng" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D2%AF%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Мүнгэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Мүнгэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diner" title="Diner – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Diner" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cen" title="Cen – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Cen" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ci%C3%A8ng" title="Cièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Cièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D1%87%D0%B0" title="Ахча – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ахча" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwarta" title="Kwarta – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kwarta" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%95%E1%8E%B3" title="ᎠᏕᎳ – 切罗基语" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᏕᎳ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="切罗基语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%95" title="پارە – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پارە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pen%C3%ADze" title="Peníze – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Peníze" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%C3%A7%D0%B0" title="Укçа – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Укçа" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arian_(economeg)" title="Arian (economeg) – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Arian (economeg)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penge" title="Penge – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Penge" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%C9%A3ifu" title="Laɣifu – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Laɣifu" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geld" title="Geld – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Geld" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pere" title="Pere – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Pere" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CF%81%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Χρήμα – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χρήμα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Money" title="Money – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Money" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mono" title="Mono – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinero" title="Dinero – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dinero" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raha" title="Raha – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Raha" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diru" title="Diru – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Diru" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dineru" title="Dineru – 埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Dineru" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84" title="پول – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پول" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raha" title="Raha – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Raha" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raha" title="Raha – 佛羅文" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Raha" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="佛羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monnaie" title="Monnaie – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Monnaie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jil" title="Jil – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Jil" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jild" title="Jild – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Jild" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airgead_(eacnama%C3%ADocht)" title="Airgead (eacnamaíocht) – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Airgead (eacnamaíocht)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8C%A2" title="錢 – 赣语" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="錢" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="赣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanmonnen" title="Lanmonnen – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lanmonnen" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airgead_(malairt)" title="Airgead (malairt) – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Airgead (malairt)" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%C3%B1eiro" title="Diñeiro – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Diñeiro" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viru" title="Viru – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Viru" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8D%83" title="𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍄𐍄𐍃 – 哥特语" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍄𐍄𐍃" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="哥特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nneer%C3%BC" title="Nneerü – 瓦尤文" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Nneerü" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="瓦尤文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ku%C9%97i" title="Kuɗi – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kuɗi" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhi%C3%A8n" title="Chhièn – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chhièn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%A1%D7%A3_(%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%A2%D7%99_%D7%AA%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D)" title="כסף (אמצעי תשלום) – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כסף (אמצעי תשלום)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE_(%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE)" title="मुद्रा (विनिमय माध्यम) – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मुद्रा (विनिमय माध्यम)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paisa" title="Paisa – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Paisa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novac" title="Novac – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Novac" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lajan" title="Lajan – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lajan" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9nz" title="Pénz – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pénz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%B8%D5%B2" title="Փող – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Փող" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moneta" title="Moneta – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Moneta" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uang" title="Uang – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Uang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Money" title="Money – 伊博语" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Money" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="伊博语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manik" title="Manik – 伊努皮克语" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Manik" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="伊努皮克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuarta" title="Kuarta – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Kuarta" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D1%87%D0%B0" title="Ахча – 印古什语" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Ахча" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="印古什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pekunio" title="Pekunio – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Pekunio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peningar" title="Peningar – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Peningar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denaro" title="Denaro – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Denaro" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3" title="貨幣 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="貨幣" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moni" title="Moni – 牙買加克里奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Moni" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克里奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhuwit" title="Dhuwit – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Dhuwit" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ფული – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფული" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurum" title="Kurum – 卡塔布语" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Kurum" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="卡塔布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duit" title="Duit – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Duit" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%9B%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Ақша – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ақша" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%A3" title="ಹಣ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಹಣ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%88" title="돈 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="돈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%87%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Ачха – 卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Ачха" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pere" title="Pere – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Pere" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%87%D0%B0" title="Акча – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Акча" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pecunia" title="Pecunia – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Pecunia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geld" title="Geld – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Geld" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%86%D1%83_(%D0%BA%D1%8A%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88)" title="Арцу (къуруш) – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Арцу (къуруш)" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mone" title="Mone – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Mone" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geldj" title="Geldj – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Geldj" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mon%C3%A6a" title="Monæa – 利古里亚语" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Monæa" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danee" title="Danee – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Danee" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mb%C9%94%CC%81ng%C9%94" title="Mbɔ́ngɔ – 林加拉语" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Mbɔ́ngɔ" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="林加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99" title="ເງິນ – 老挝语" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເງິນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="老挝语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinigai" title="Pinigai – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pinigai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauda" title="Nauda – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nauda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="मुद्रा – 迈蒂利语" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="मुद्रा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="迈蒂利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Ярмакне – 莫克沙语" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Ярмакне" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="莫克沙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vola" title="Vola – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Vola" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moni" title="Moni – 毛利语" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Moni" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="毛利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitih" title="Pitih – 米南佳保语" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Pitih" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="米南佳保语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Пари – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Пари" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" title="പണം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പണം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%A9%D0%BD%D0%B3%D3%A9" title="Мөнгө – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Мөнгө" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9C" title="ꯁꯦꯜ – 曼尼普尔语" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯁꯦꯜ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="曼尼普尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang" title="Wang – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Wang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denheiro" title="Denheiro – 米兰德斯语" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Denheiro" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="米兰德斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%84%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9E%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AC" title="ငွေအသပြာ – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ငွေအသပြာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Ярмакт – 厄尔兹亚语" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Ярмакт" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="厄尔兹亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%84" title="پیل – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="پیل" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geld" title="Geld – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Geld" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A8ld" title="Gèld – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Gèld" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="मुद्रा – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मुद्रा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE" title="ध्यबा – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ध्यबा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kefe" title="Kefe – 尼亚斯语" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Kefe" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="尼亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geld" title="Geld – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Geld" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengar" title="Pengar – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Pengar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penger" title="Penger – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Penger" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9eso" title="Béeso – 纳瓦霍语" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Béeso" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="纳瓦霍语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moneda" title="Moneda – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Moneda" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE" title="ਪੈਸਾ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੈਸਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mani" title="Mani – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Mani" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieni%C4%85dz" title="Pieniądz – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pieniądz" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moneda" title="Moneda – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Moneda" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%B1" title="زر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="زر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%B3%DB%90" title="پيسې – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پيسې" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinheiro" title="Dinheiro – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dinheiro" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rantina_qullqi" title="Rantina qullqi – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Rantina qullqi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lovi" title="Lovi – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Lovi" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ban_(mijloc_de_plat%C4%83)" title="Ban (mijloc de plată) – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ban (mijloc de plată)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Деньги – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Деньги" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%97" title="Пінязї – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Пінязї" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifaranga" title="Ifaranga – 卢旺达语" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ifaranga" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="卢旺达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="धनम् – 梵语" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="धनम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%87%D1%8B" title="Харчы – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Харчы" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ – 桑塔利语" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="桑塔利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinaru_(sordi)" title="Dinaru (sordi) – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Dinaru (sordi)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Money" title="Money – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Money" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="پيسا – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="پيسا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhta" title="Ruhta – 北方萨米语" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Ruhta" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="北方萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novac" title="Novac – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Novac" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqqari%E1%B8%8D" title="Aqqariḍ – 希尔哈语" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Aqqariḍ" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="希尔哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A" title="මුදල් – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මුදල්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Money" title="Money – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Money" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peniaze" title="Peniaze – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Peniaze" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denar" title="Denar – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Denar" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupe" title="Tupe – 萨摩亚语" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Tupe" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="萨摩亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari" title="Mari – 绍纳语" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Mari" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="绍纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacag" title="Lacag – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Lacag" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraja" title="Paraja – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Paraja" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%86" title="Новац – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Новац" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duit" title="Duit – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Duit" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengar" title="Pengar – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pengar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesa" title="Pesa – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Pesa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geld" title="Geld – 西里西亚语" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Geld" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="西里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/kalisiw" title="kalisiw – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="kalisiw" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பணம் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பணம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/pila%27" title="pila' – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="pila'" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%82" title="ధనం – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ధనం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D3%AF%D0%BB" title="Пӯл – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Пӯл" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2" title="เงินตรา – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เงินตรา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pul" title="Pul – 土库曼语" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Pul" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土库曼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salapi" title="Salapi – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Salapi" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mani" title="Mani – 托克皮辛语" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Mani" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="托克皮辛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Para" title="Para – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Para" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mali" title="Mali – 聪加语" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Mali" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="聪加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%87%D0%B0" title="Акча – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Акча" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Акша – 图瓦语" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Акша" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="图瓦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%96" title="Гроші – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гроші" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%B1" title="زر – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="زر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pul" title="Pul – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Pul" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schei" title="Schei – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Schei" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahad" title="Rahad – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Rahad" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BB%81n" title="Tiền – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiền" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cw%C3%A5rs" title="Cwårs – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Cwårs" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwarta" title="Kwarta – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kwarta" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koppar" title="Koppar – 沃洛夫语" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Koppar" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="沃洛夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%93%9C%E9%92%BF" title="铜钿 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="铜钿" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imali" title="Imali – 科萨语" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Imali" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="科萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="ფარა – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ფარა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%98" title="געלט – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="געלט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ow%C3%B3" title="Owó – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Owó" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cienz" title="Cienz – 壮语" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Cienz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壮语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%87%E2%B5%87%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%89%E2%B4%B9" title="ⴰⵇⵇⴰⵔⵉⴹ – 标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵇⵇⴰⵔⵉⴹ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%89%E5%B9%A3" title="泉幣 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="泉幣" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%AE%E2%81%BF" title="Chîⁿ – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chîⁿ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8C%A2" title="錢 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="錢" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imali" title="Imali – 祖鲁语" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Imali" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="祖鲁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1368#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3&oldid=84349108" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3&id=84349108&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E8%25B2%25A8%25E5%25B9%25A3"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E8%25B2%25A8%25E5%25B9%25A3"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Money" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikiquote.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E9%8C%A2" hreflang="zh"><span>维基语录</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="推荐条目"><a 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data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">（重定向自<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%8C%A2&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="錢">錢</a>）</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><div class="infobox" style="max-width:300px;float:right;padding:0 0.4em;border:1px solid #aaa;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.4em"><div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;text-align:center;font-weight:bold;padding:0.5em 0;margin:0.5em 0;font-size:120%">貨幣</div><div><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Euro_coins_and_banknotes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Euro_coins_and_banknotes.jpg/300px-Euro_coins_and_banknotes.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Euro_coins_and_banknotes.jpg/450px-Euro_coins_and_banknotes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Euro_coins_and_banknotes.jpg/600px-Euro_coins_and_banknotes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div><table style="text-align:left;word-break:break-word;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;font-size:90%"><caption style="background-color:#f5f5f5;font-weight:bold;margin-top:0.2em"><span><span><a href="/wiki/%E6%93%AC%E5%88%B6" title="擬制">法律拟制</a></span>、<span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E5%AA%92%E4%BB%8B" title="交易媒介">交易媒介</a></span></span></caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row">上级分类</th><td><span><span><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%81%BF" title="法偿">法偿</a></span>、<span>nominal good</span>、<span>延期支付</span></span> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1368#P279" title="编辑"><img alt="编辑" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/12px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/18px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">用途</th><td><span><span><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%AF%E4%BB%98" title="支付">支付</a></span>、<span><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B8%E6%98%93" title="贸易">贸易</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1368#P366" title="编辑"><img alt="编辑" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/12px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/18px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">得名自</th><td><span><span><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E7%BD%97%E7%94%B3" title="格罗申">格羅茨</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1368#P138" title="编辑"><img alt="编辑" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/12px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/18px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">主题历史</th><td><span><span><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="貨幣歷史">貨幣歷史</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1368#P2184" title="编辑"><img alt="编辑" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/12px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/18px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span>「<b>錢</b>」重定向至此。关于其他用法，请见「<b><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%A2_(%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E7%BE%A9)" class="mw-disambig" title="錢 (消歧義)">錢 (消歧义)</a></b>」。</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span>「<b>金錢</b>」重定向至此。关于香港地名，请见「<b><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E9%8C%A2_(%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF)" title="金錢 (香港)">金钱 (香港)</a></b>」。</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Euro_bank_notes_centered_(50s,_100s,_500s),_maestro_card,_master_card_%E2%80%94_Mattes_2006-05-12.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Euro_bank_notes_centered_%2850s%2C_100s%2C_500s%29%2C_maestro_card%2C_master_card_%E2%80%94_Mattes_2006-05-12.jpg/220px-Euro_bank_notes_centered_%2850s%2C_100s%2C_500s%29%2C_maestro_card%2C_master_card_%E2%80%94_Mattes_2006-05-12.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Euro_bank_notes_centered_%2850s%2C_100s%2C_500s%29%2C_maestro_card%2C_master_card_%E2%80%94_Mattes_2006-05-12.jpg/330px-Euro_bank_notes_centered_%2850s%2C_100s%2C_500s%29%2C_maestro_card%2C_master_card_%E2%80%94_Mattes_2006-05-12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Euro_bank_notes_centered_%2850s%2C_100s%2C_500s%29%2C_maestro_card%2C_master_card_%E2%80%94_Mattes_2006-05-12.jpg/440px-Euro_bank_notes_centered_%2850s%2C_100s%2C_500s%29%2C_maestro_card%2C_master_card_%E2%80%94_Mattes_2006-05-12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1054" data-file-height="1054" /></a><figcaption>歐元紙幣</figcaption></figure> <p><b>貨幣</b>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英语">英语</a>：Currency），又稱<b>金錢</b>（英语：Money），可簡稱<b>錢</b>，是为了提高交易效率而用于交换的中介商品。货币有多种形式，如贝壳粮食等自然物、金属纸张等加工品、<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C%E5%8D%A1" title="银行卡">银行卡</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E7%94%A8%E5%8D%A1" title="信用卡">信用卡</a>等磁条卡、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95%E6%94%AF%E4%BB%98" title="行動支付">移动支付</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%AF%86%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3" title="加密貨幣">加密货币</a>等<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。货币的属性因经济体系的兴衰而不断演变，如<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%AE%E7%89%A9%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="禮物經濟">礼物经济</a>的兴起衍生出实物货币；<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E5%93%81%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="商品经济">商品经济</a>的兴起衍生出金属货币；<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%AC%8A%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="金權政治">金权</a>经济的兴起衍生出金属代用货币<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E4%BF%A1%E7%94%A8" title="金融信用">信用</a>货币；<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="共享經濟">共享经济</a>的兴起衍生出<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%85%E4%B8%BB%E6%9D%83%E8%B4%A7%E5%B8%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="超主权货币（页面不存在）">超主权货币</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>货币价值由在经济活动中的交易效率决定。<sup id="cite_ref-Campbell-Kelly,_page_21_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell-Kelly,_page_21-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>人们在不同经济环境中，可能在不同的媒介商品上达成共识。可以是<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%B4%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="貴金屬">貴金屬</a>乃至於一般金屬，也可以是有價值的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E7%94%9F%E5%BF%85%E9%9C%80%E5%93%81" title="民生必需品">民生必需品</a>，例如，<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%98%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="战国">战国</a>时期<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E5%9B%BD" title="楚国">楚国</a>的泥质金饼<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="羅馬帝國">羅馬帝國</a>的軍中<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E9%B9%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="食鹽">食鹽</a>，现在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%91%E7%8B%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="监狱">监狱</a>中的香烟货币<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，这一点使得学术界对货币的定义有争议。有人提出两种定义方法。归纳法，根据货币的显著特征下定义；实证法，通过实证方法来研究各种金融资产的流动性，进而规定不同层次的货币。<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>商品经济中，货币是主权国家或者经济体内部衡量物资与服务价值（物价）的指标，也是償還<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B5%E5%8B%99" class="mw-redirect" title="債務">債務</a>的特殊<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E5%93%81" class="mw-redirect" title="商品">商品</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 貨幣还是用作交易媒介、儲藏價值和記帳單位的一種工具<sup id="cite_ref-mankiw_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mankiw-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-greco_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-greco-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。互联网时代，基于某些货币，去中心化<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BA%E5%9D%97%E9%93%BE" title="区块链">区块链</a>技术得到应用<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>貨幣包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E9%80%9A%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="流通貨幣">流通貨幣</a>，尤其是合法的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E9%80%9A%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="流通貨幣列表">通貨</a>，也包括各種儲蓄存款，在現代<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="經濟">經濟</a>領域，貨幣的領域只有很小的部分以實體通貨方式顯示，即實際應用的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%99%E5%B9%A3" title="紙幣">紙幣</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AC%E5%B9%A3" title="硬幣">硬幣</a>（例如早期使用的金銀本位貨幣，或今日常見的“纸币”交易型態），記帳系統和電腦網路流行後大部分交易都使用<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%AF%E7%A5%A8" title="支票">支票</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3" title="電子貨幣">電子貨幣</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%96%B9%E6%94%AF%E4%BB%98" title="第三方支付">第三方支付</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E7%94%A8%E5%8D%A1" title="信用卡">信用卡</a>）。貨幣區是指流通並使用某一種單一的貨幣的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="國家">國家</a>或地區。不同的貨幣區之間在互相兌換貨幣時，需要引入<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%AF%E7%8E%87" class="mw-redirect" title="匯率">匯率</a>的概念。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="簡介"><span id=".E7.B0.A1.E4.BB.8B"></span>簡介</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：簡介"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AltechinesischeMuenzen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/AltechinesischeMuenzen.jpg/240px-AltechinesischeMuenzen.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/AltechinesischeMuenzen.jpg/360px-AltechinesischeMuenzen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/AltechinesischeMuenzen.jpg/480px-AltechinesischeMuenzen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="816" data-file-height="957" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="中國古代">中國古代</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%80%E9%8C%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="刀錢">刀錢</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%8C%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="布錢">布錢</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E6%96%B9%E9%8C%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="孔方錢">孔方錢</a></figcaption></figure> <p>通常，每個<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="國家">國家</a>都只使用唯一的<a class="mw-selflink selflink">貨幣</a>。货币由当局的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%8A%80%E8%A1%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="中央銀行">中央銀行</a>机构强制發行和控制，中央<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="银行">银行</a>有权决定本国货币的面值和发行量，但无权决定货币的市场<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%AD%E4%B9%B0%E5%8A%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="购买力">购买力</a>。不過也存在例外，亦即多個國家可以使用同一種貨幣。例在<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="歐盟">歐盟</a>國家通用的<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E5%85%83" class="mw-redirect" title="歐元">歐元</a>，在<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%9D%9E%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="西非國家經濟共同體">西非國家經濟共同體</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%9D%9E%E6%B3%95%E9%83%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="西非法郎">西非法郎</a>，以及在19世紀的<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%B4%A7%E5%B8%81%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F" title="拉丁货币同盟">拉丁貨幣同盟</a>，名稱不同但能在聯盟內部自由流通的等值貨幣。 </p><p>一個國家可以選擇別國的貨幣作為法定流通貨幣，比如，<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%BF%E9%A6%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="巴拿馬">巴拿馬</a>選擇<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%85%83" title="美元">美元</a>作為<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%9A%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3" title="法定貨幣">法定貨幣</a>。不同國家的貨幣還可能使用相同的名字，比如，在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="盧森堡">盧森堡</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%99%82" class="mw-redirect" title="比利時">比利時</a>使用歐元之前與<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB" title="瑞士">瑞士</a>的貨幣都叫<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E9%83%8E" title="法郎">法郎</a>。 </p><p>有時因為特殊原因，同一個國家內的不同自治實體可能也會發行不同版本的貨幣，例如在<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a>，包括<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="英格蘭">英格蘭</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD" title="蘇格蘭">蘇格蘭</a>或甚至偏遠離島的<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%A4%E8%A5%BF%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="澤西島">澤西島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B9%E8%A5%BF%E5%B2%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="根西岛">根西島</a>都擁有各自發行的不同版本<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E9%8E%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="英鎊">英鎊</a>，並且互相可在英國境內的其他地區交易，但唯有英格蘭英鎊才是國際承認的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93" title="交易">交易</a>貨幣，其他版本的英鎊在英國境外可能會被拒絕收受。 </p><p>基於歷史等因素，兩岸四地有各自的貨幣<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96" title="政策">政策</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="中華人民共和國">中國</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="大陸地區">大陸地區</a>法定貨幣是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%B9%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="人民幣">人民幣</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%AF%E6%BE%B3%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" title="港澳地區">港澳地區</a>因為實行<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%A9%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="一國兩制">一國兩制</a>，根據<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E6%B3%95" title="基本法">基本法</a>發行各自的貨幣，<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a>法定貨幣是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%AF%E5%85%83" title="港元">港元</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80" title="澳門">澳門</a>法定貨幣是<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E5%85%83" title="澳門元">澳門元</a>；港元直接與美元掛鉤，澳門元直接與港元掛鉤，間接與美元掛鉤。另外<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">中華民國</a>所統治的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E6%BE%8E%E9%87%91%E9%A6%AC%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="台澎金馬地區">台澎金馬地區</a>則使用<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8F%B0%E5%B9%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="新台幣">新台幣</a>。 </p><p>每個基本貨幣單位通常還可以分成更小的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%94%E5%B9%A3" title="輔幣">輔幣</a>。最常用的比例是輔幣為主幣的1/100，比如，100分 = 1元。在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="法國大革命">法國大革命</a>推廣<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%88%B6" title="公制">公制</a>以前，歐洲歷史上曾經長期採用1/20/240進制，例如在英國，1<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E9%8E%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="英鎊">英鎊</a>等於20先令、240<a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%BF%E5%A3%AB" title="便士">便士</a>；法國的情況是12個但尼爾（denier）為1蘇（Sol），20個蘇為1<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E5%BC%97%E7%88%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="里弗爾">里弗爾</a>（livre，又稱鋰）。1:7、1:14、1:25、1:10、1:1000以及其他進位制也曾被使用。 </p><p>有的國家的貨幣沒有輔幣，或者雖然有輔幣，但是由於幣值太小而只是理論上的換算單位，而沒有發行實際的貨幣，比如<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%9C%93" title="日圓">日圓</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%93" title="韓圓">韓圓</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="貨幣歷史">貨幣歷史</a></div> <p>貨幣的歷史，可以追溯至史前<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E7%89%A9%E6%98%93%E7%89%A9" title="以物易物">以物易物</a>的階段。後來經過<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="金屬貨幣">金屬貨幣</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E9%8A%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="金銀（页面不存在）">金銀</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%99%E5%B9%A3" title="紙幣">紙幣</a>以及<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E9%8A%80%E6%9C%AC%E4%BD%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="金銀本位（页面不存在）">金銀本位</a>制度，演化至近代之面貌。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E7%89%A9%E6%98%93%E7%89%A9" title="以物易物">以物易物</a>的方式可能可以追溯到約十萬年前，只是沒有證據說明有任一個社會或經濟體曾經用以物易物的方式交易<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。沒有貨幣的社會可能是用<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%BA%E5%8A%A1" title="债务">债务</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%AE%E7%89%A9%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="禮物經濟">禮物經濟</a>原則交易<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，若<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E7%89%A9%E6%98%93%E7%89%A9" title="以物易物">以物易物</a>沒有發生，一般是出現在完全陌生或是潛在為敵的群體中<sup id="cite_ref-Graeber,_David_pp._153-154_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graeber,_David_pp._153-154-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>世界上許多不同的文化最後都出現了<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E5%93%81%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3" title="商品貨幣">商品貨幣</a>。像希伯來人使用的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="舍克勒" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="shekel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%88%8D%E5%85%8B%E5%8B%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="舍克勒（页面不存在）">舍克勒</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/shekel" class="extiw" title="en:shekel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">shekel</span></a></span>）</span></span>本來是重量單位，後來指特定重量的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%BA%A6" title="大麦">大麦</a>，屬於商品貨幣<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。第一次使用貨幣一詞是在公元三千年前的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E7%B4%A2%E4%B8%8D%E8%BE%BE%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%9A" title="美索不达米亚">美索不达米亚</a>。美洲、亞洲、非洲及澳洲曾使用<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%9D%E5%B9%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="貝幣">貝幣</a>，一般是用<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9D%E8%B4%9D%E7%A7%91" title="宝贝科">宝贝科</a>貝類的殼。依照<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E7%BE%85%E5%A4%9A%E5%BE%B7" title="希羅多德">希羅多德</a>的記載，<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="吕底亚人" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lydians"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%95%E5%BA%95%E4%BA%9A%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="吕底亚人（页面不存在）">吕底亚人</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lydians" class="extiw" title="en:Lydians"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lydians</span></a></span>）</span></span>是西方最早使用<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B8%81" title="金币">金幣</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B6%E5%B8%81" class="mw-redirect" title="银币">銀幣</a>的民族<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。許多學者認為最早的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AC%E5%B9%A3" title="硬幣">硬幣</a>出現在西元前650–600年<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jiao_zi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Jiao_zi.jpg/170px-Jiao_zi.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Jiao_zi.jpg/255px-Jiao_zi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/Jiao_zi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="308" data-file-height="537" /></a><figcaption>宋朝的交子，世界最早的纸币</figcaption></figure> <p>有些文化的<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E5%93%81%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3" title="商品貨幣">商品貨幣</a>慢慢變成了<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="代用貨幣" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="representative money"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A3%E7%94%A8%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="代用貨幣（页面不存在）">代用貨幣</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/representative_money" class="extiw" title="en:representative money"><span lang="en" dir="auto">representative money</span></a></span>）</span></span>，金或銀的商家或銀行會針對存入的商品貨幣提供收據，並且可以依收據換回商品貨幣。最後收據可以代替商品貨幣，成為廣為接受的付款方式，最後就成為貨幣。中國是最早使用紙幣的國家，在<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="宋朝">宋朝</a>當時的紙幣稱為「<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E5%AD%90" title="交子">交子</a>」，衍生自第七世紀就出現的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E7%A5%A8" title="本票">本票</a>，不過當時的紙幣是和硬幣一併使用，紙幣沒有完全取代商品貨幣。在十三世紀，像<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%8F%AF%C2%B7%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85" class="mw-redirect" title="馬可·波羅">馬可·波羅</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%AF%E4%B8%8D%E9%AD%AF%E4%B9%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="魯不魯乞">魯不魯乞</a>等旅行家將紙幣帶到歐洲<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%8F%AF%C2%B7%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85" class="mw-redirect" title="馬可·波羅">馬可·波羅</a>在元朝到中國，在《<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%8F%AF%C2%B7%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E9%81%8A%E8%A8%98" class="mw-redirect" title="馬可·波羅遊記">馬可·波羅遊記</a>》中提到紙幣<sup id="cite_ref-Marco_Polo_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marco_Polo-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="斯德哥爾摩銀行" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Stockholms Banco"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E5%BE%B7%E5%93%A5%E7%88%BE%E6%91%A9%E9%8A%80%E8%A1%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯德哥爾摩銀行（页面不存在）">斯德哥爾摩銀行</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockholms_Banco" class="extiw" title="en:Stockholms Banco"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Stockholms Banco</span></a></span>）</span></span>在1661年發行紙幣，是歐洲第一個發行紙幣的銀行，後來也發行硬幣。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%9C%AC%E4%BD%8D" title="金本位">金本位</a>是曾在十九世紀及二十世紀盛行的金屬貨幣制度，在金本位制度下，各個實行金本位的國家之間貨幣按照它們各自的含金量之比——金平價（Gold Parity）來決定兌換比率。這個體系是以<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91" class="mw-redirect" title="黃金">黃金</a>的自由流動為基礎的。<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="第一次世界大戰">第一次世界大戰</a>爆發後，<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="俄國">俄國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="德國">德國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>等參戰國紛紛禁止黃金出口，金本位體系實際上已經崩潰了。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="第一次世界大戰">第一次世界大戰</a>後，<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="德國">德國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="奧地利">奧地利</a>等國出現了貨幣大幅度<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%B6%E5%80%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="貶值">貶值</a>的現象。此後各國貨幣之間沒有一個固定的匯率基礎。1944年的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%9B%B7%E9%A0%93%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="布雷頓森林協定">布雷頓森林協定</a>規定，<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="國際貨幣基金組織">國際貨幣基金組織</a>的成員國，其貨幣應當與<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91" class="mw-redirect" title="黃金">黃金</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%85%83" title="美元">美元</a>掛鉤，實行固定匯率兌換。這個協定確立了<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%85%83" title="美元">美元</a>的國際貨幣地位，由此建立的各國貨幣體系稱為布雷頓森林體系。1971年8月，美元停止與黃金的自由兌換，布雷頓森林體系宣告崩潰。從此，進入<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="符號貨幣">符號貨幣</a>時代。此後各國之間實行<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%AE%E5%8B%95%E5%8C%AF%E7%8E%87" class="mw-redirect" title="浮動匯率">浮動匯率</a>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" class="mw-redirect" title="国际标准组织">國際標準組織</a>（<a href="/wiki/ISO" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO">ISO</a>）指定一套三位字母的符號體系，用來表示各國的貨幣。這個標準的代號為<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">ISO 4217</a>。在<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3%E5%8C%AF%E7%8E%87%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="貨幣匯率表（页面不存在）">貨幣匯率表</a>中可以看到最近幾年裡，世界各國貨幣之間的匯率變化情況。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="分類"><span id=".E5.88.86.E9.A1.9E"></span>分類</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：分類"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>發行者分類，可分為公錢法定貨幣、私营货币和區域貨幣社區貨幣。公錢一般說來由政府來發行，當它存在的時候，一般說來佔主導地位。若依貨幣本身的價值來分類，可解貨幣學，其價值是由法令強制規定，其商品價值小於貨幣價值。也有些不屬於貨幣的工具稱為貨幣，例如信用卡會稱為塑膠貨幣信用的代價－塑膠貨幣症候群，但其僅為延遲支付的工具，不屬於貨幣的一種。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="貨幣的功能"><span id=".E8.B2.A8.E5.B9.A3.E7.9A.84.E5.8A.9F.E8.83.BD"></span>貨幣的功能</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：貨幣的功能"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E6%9D%B0%E6%96%87%E6%96%AF" title="威廉·斯坦利·杰文斯">威廉·斯坦利·傑文斯</a>在《貨幣與交換機制》（Money and the Mechanism of Exchange）(1875)中分析了貨幣的四個功能：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E7%9A%84%E5%AA%92%E4%BB%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="交易的媒介">交易的媒介</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%B0%E8%B4%A6%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="记账单位">記賬單位</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%84%B2%E5%AD%98%E5%83%B9%E5%80%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="儲存價值（页面不存在）">儲存價值</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%B6%E6%9C%9F%E6%94%AF%E4%BB%98%E7%9A%84%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="延期支付的標準（页面不存在）">延期支付的標準</a>。這些概念期後被廣泛用於<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8F%E8%A7%80%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="宏觀經濟學">宏觀經濟學</a>課本。 </p><p>但現代經濟學課本通常只列出首三個功能，不包括延期支付的標準。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="交易媒介"><span id=".E4.BA.A4.E6.98.93.E5.AA.92.E4.BB.8B"></span>交易媒介</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：交易媒介"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>貨幣作為交易的媒介（英語：<span lang="en">Medium of Exchange</span>），交易可通過貨幣完成，不需<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E7%89%A9%E6%98%93%E7%89%A9" title="以物易物">以物易物</a>。其主要特点是在商品买卖中，商品的让渡和货币的让渡在同一时间内完成，通俗地说是一手交钱、一手交货。因此，从价值运动的角度观察，货币执行流通手段职能时，在同一时间内，价值的运动是双向的。即卖方在得到价值的同时出让<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="使用价值">使用价值</a>，买方在让渡价值的同时获得使用价值。 </p><p>货币作为流通手段时，称为<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E8%B4%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="通货">通货</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="記賬單位"><span id=".E8.A8.98.E8.B3.AC.E5.96.AE.E4.BD.8D"></span>記賬單位</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：記賬單位"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>記賬單位（<span lang="en">Unit of Account</span>）是貨幣作為<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%8B%9E%E5%8B%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="社會勞動（页面不存在）">社會勞動</a>的直接體現。貨幣本身作為一種商品，可以以自己為標準，與其他商品進行量的比較，而此時商品的價值形式就轉化為貨幣的價格形式，商品通過貨幣進行表達的<a href="/wiki/%E5%83%B9%E5%80%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="價值">價值</a>形式即為價格。當貨幣執行價值尺度這一職能時，貨幣只需要以想像中的或是觀念上的形式存在就可以了，然而他的單位則必須依賴於現實中流通的貨幣。正是由於貨幣的價值尺度功能，使得人們可以將不同形式的商品先轉化為貨幣的價格形式，然後再與其他商品進行交換。貨幣本身作為商品也存在不同貨幣之間量的差別，因此人們為貨幣也制定了一個量的標準，即規定價格標準（有時亦稱價格標度）。含有一定金屬重量的貨幣單位及其等份。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="貯藏功能"><span id=".E8.B2.AF.E8.97.8F.E5.8A.9F.E8.83.BD"></span>貯藏功能</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：貯藏功能"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>貯藏手段（Store of Value）指的是当货币退出流通领域，被当作社会财富的代表被保存起来时货币所发挥的作用。一般來說，價幣用作價值儲藏風險是最低的。但是，<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E8%84%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="通脹">通脹</a>會削減<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%BC%E8%B2%B7%E5%8A%9B" title="購買力">購買力</a>，而且貨幣並無<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%81%AF" title="利息">利息</a>收入，因此，長期來說，價值儲存的功能並不及其餘的能力重要。现实定义上不再声明具有貯藏功能。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="延期支付的標準"><span id=".E5.BB.B6.E6.9C.9F.E6.94.AF.E4.BB.98.E7.9A.84.E6.A8.99.E6.BA.96"></span>延期支付的標準</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：延期支付的標準"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>延期支付的標準（Standard for deferred payment），在赊销赊购中，货币被用来偿还债务。當债务是以貨幣來計算，其價值會因為<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E8%B2%A8%E8%86%A8%E8%84%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="通貨膨脹">通貨膨脹</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3%E8%B2%B6%E5%80%BC" title="貨幣貶值">貨幣貶值</a>而減低。因此，延期支付的功能需要從上面三個功能中特別分拆出來。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="货币与宏观经济"><span id=".E8.B4.A7.E5.B8.81.E4.B8.8E.E5.AE.8F.E8.A7.82.E7.BB.8F.E6.B5.8E"></span>货币与宏观经济</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：货币与宏观经济"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>货币发行量应遵循此计算公式： <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M={\cfrac {PQ}{V}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>M</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mpadded width="0" height="8.6pt" depth="3pt"> <mrow /> </mpadded> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>P</mi> <mi>Q</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <mrow> <mpadded width="0" height="8.6pt" depth="3pt"> <mrow /> </mpadded> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>V</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M={\cfrac {PQ}{V}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4c6ba471d866fbd36dbd368c552643158f58a1a4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:9.961ex; height:7.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M={\cfrac {PQ}{V}}}"></span> </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>M</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f82cade9898ced02fdd08712e5f0c0151758a0dd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.442ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M}"></span>指流通中所需货币量（<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E8%B4%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="通货">通货</a>量） </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>P</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b4dc73bf40314945ff376bd363916a738548d40a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.745ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P}"></span>指商品的平均价格 </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Q}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>Q</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Q}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8752c7023b4b3286800fe3238271bbca681219ed" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.838ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Q}"></span>指商品数量 </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>V</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/af0f6064540e84211d0ffe4dac72098adfa52845" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.787ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V}"></span>指货币流通速度（以货币周转次数计） </p><p>按通常的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A7%E5%B8%81%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="货币主义">货币主义</a>的解释，当实际通货量大于所需的通货量时，便会导致货币<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%B6%E5%80%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="貶值">贬值</a>，形成<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E8%83%80" class="mw-redirect" title="通胀">通胀</a>。反之，就会导致<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%BC%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="通缩">通缩</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="貨幣防偽"><span id=".E8.B2.A8.E5.B9.A3.E9.98.B2.E5.81.BD"></span>貨幣防偽</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：貨幣防偽"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%87%E5%B8%81" class="mw-redirect" title="假币">假币</a></div> <p>偽造貨幣的問題與貨幣制度一同出現。在使用金屬貨幣的時代，偽造的方法是在金、銀幣中攙入<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%85" class="mw-redirect" title="銅">銅</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%89%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="鉛">鉛</a>等廉價金屬。當時對付這種犯罪唯一的方法是一旦發現，就使用嚴厲刑罰，甚至<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E5%88%91" title="死刑">死刑</a>，以此來威嚇偽造者。 </p><p>紙幣更容易偽造。<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="法國大革命">法國大革命</a>後，發行了以沒收的<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="教會">教會</a>財產為抵押的<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B5%E5%88%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="債券">債券</a>，作為代用紙幣。為了破壞法國經濟，<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a>政府曾經偽造過這種貨幣<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>（同時規定私人偽造法國紙幣將會被判處死刑）。這也是最早的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E6%88%98" title="经济战">經濟戰</a>之一。<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="第二次世界大戰">第二次世界大戰</a>期間，<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="德國">德國</a>曾經在<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E4%B8%AD%E7%87%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="集中營">集中營</a>裡大量偽造<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a>的紙幣。私人或犯罪組織偽造紙幣的記錄也層出不窮。為了避免偽造，紙幣採用了很多防偽措施：專用的特殊紙張，膠版<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%B8%E5%8D%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="凸印（页面不存在）">凸印</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B2%E4%BC%AA%E6%B0%B4%E5%8D%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="防伪水印">防伪水印</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A3%81%E6%80%A7%E6%B2%B9%E5%A2%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="磁性油墨（页面不存在）">磁性油墨</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%B7%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="金屬安全線（页面不存在）">金屬安全線</a>，紫外線螢光記號、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%8A%E8%89%B2%E6%B2%B9%E5%A2%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="變色油墨（页面不存在）">變色油墨</a>、正反面圖案對印（這種技術在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%B3%95%E9%83%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="法國法郎">法國法郎</a>上最為醒目）等等。<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="澳大利亞">澳大利亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%A5%BF%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="新西蘭">新西蘭</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1" title="新加坡">新加坡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="馬來西亞">馬來西亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南">越南</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大">加拿大</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="台灣">台灣</a>等地還發行了塑膠貨幣。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="货币发行准备制度"><span id=".E8.B4.A7.E5.B8.81.E5.8F.91.E8.A1.8C.E5.87.86.E5.A4.87.E5.88.B6.E5.BA.A6"></span>货币发行准备制度</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：货币发行准备制度"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>货币发行准备制度是为约束货币发行规模维护货币信用而制定的，要求货币发行者在发行货币时必须以某种金属或资产作为发行准备。在金属货币制度下，货币发行以法律规定的贵金属作为发行准备，在现代<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E7%94%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="信用">信用</a>货币制度下，各国货币发行准备制度的内容比较复杂，一般包括<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%B0%E9%87%91%E5%87%86%E5%A4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="现金准备（页面不存在）">现金准备</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%81%E5%88%B8%E5%87%86%E5%A4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="证券准备（页面不存在）">证券准备</a>两大类。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參見"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.A6.8B"></span>參見</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：參見"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E9%92%B1%E5%AD%A6" title="古钱学">古錢學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E9%92%B1%E5%B8%81" title="古钱币">古錢幣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E7%B1%83%E5%AD%90%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="一籃子貨幣">一籃子貨幣</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%A7%E5%B8%81%E5%8D%B1%E6%9C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="货币危机（页面不存在）">货币危机</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3" title="電子貨幣">電子貨幣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E6%B1%87%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%BA" title="外汇市场">外汇市场</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%AE%E7%89%A9%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="禮物經濟">禮物經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E5%88%86%E5%88%B6" title="工分制">工分制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E9%87%8F%E7%BA%A7_(%E8%B4%A7%E5%B8%81)" title="数量级 (货币)">数量级 (货币)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%91%84%E5%B9%A3%E7%A8%85" class="mw-redirect" title="鑄幣稅">鑄幣稅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E9%80%9A%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="流通貨幣列表">流通貨幣列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%AF%86%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3" title="加密貨幣">加密貨幣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E7%A2%BC%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="數碼貨幣">數碼貨幣</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相關內容"><span id=".E7.9B.B8.E9.97.9C.E5.85.A7.E5.AE.B9"></span>相關內容</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：相關內容"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%86_(%E4%B8%9C%E4%BA%9A%E8%B4%A7%E5%B8%81%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D)" class="mw-redirect" title="圆 (东亚货币单位)">圆 (东亚货币单位)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dollar" title="Dollar">Dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%A2%E9%A2%9D" title="面额">面额</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3%E4%BF%A1%E7%94%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="貨幣信用（页面不存在）">貨幣信用</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a 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Smithin. Retrieved July-17-09.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/article?id=pde2008_M000217&edition=current&q=money&topicid=&result_number=5">money : The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics</a>. The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-12-18</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170619234435/http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/article?id=pde2008_M000217&edition=current&q=money&topicid=&result_number=5">存档</a>于2017-06-19）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3&rft.atitle=money+%3A+The+New+Palgrave+Dictionary+of+Economics&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+Palgrave+Dictionary+of+Economics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dictionaryofeconomics.com%2Farticle%3Fid%3Dpde2008_M000217%26edition%3Dcurrent%26q%3Dmoney%26topicid%3D%26result_number%3D5&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mankiw-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mankiw_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/N._Gregory_Mankiw" class="mw-redirect" title="N. Gregory Mankiw">Mankiw, N. Gregory</a>. 2. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/macroeconomics0000mank">Macroeconomics</a> 6th. 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Greco. <i>Money: Understanding and Creating Alternatives to Legal Tender</i>, White River Junction, Vt: Chelsea Green Publishing (2001). <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781890132378" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-890132-37-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Michael Crosby. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scet.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/BlockchainPaper.pdf">BlockChain Technology</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Sutardja Center for Entrepreneurship & Technology. 2015年10月16日 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [2017年6月30日]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170320054252/http://scet.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/BlockchainPaper.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2017年3月20日）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3&rft.au=Michael+Crosby&rft.btitle=BlockChain+Technology&rft.date=2015-10-16&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Sutardja+Center+for+Entrepreneurship+%26+Technology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscet.berkeley.edu%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FBlockchainPaper.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">xzbu论文网. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xzbu.com/3/view-4752767.htm">基于去中心化虚拟货币的比较与演进趋势分析</a>. www.xzbu.com. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-07-01</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210511180833/https://www.xzbu.com/3/view-4752767.htm">存档</a>于2021-05-11） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（中国大陆）网页">（中文（中国大陆））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3&rft.atitle=%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%8E%E5%8E%BB%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E5%8C%96%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E8%B4%A7%E5%B8%81%E7%9A%84%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83%E4%B8%8E%E6%BC%94%E8%BF%9B%E8%B6%8B%E5%8A%BF%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90&rft.au=xzbu%E8%AE%BA%E6%96%87%E7%BD%91&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.xzbu.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xzbu.com%2F3%2Fview-4752767.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://finance.technews.tw/2017/05/11/block-chain-principle-and-application-bitcoin-pt1/">比特幣的核心技術，區塊鏈的原理與應用（上）：比黃金還貴的比特幣</a>. TechNews 科技新報. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-07-01</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210511041627/https://finance.technews.tw/2017/05/11/block-chain-principle-and-application-bitcoin-pt1/">存档</a>于2021-05-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3&rft.atitle=%E6%AF%94%E7%89%B9%E5%B9%A3%E7%9A%84%E6%A0%B8%E5%BF%83%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%EF%BC%8C%E5%8D%80%E5%A1%8A%E9%8F%88%E7%9A%84%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86%E8%88%87%E6%87%89%E7%94%A8%EF%BC%88%E4%B8%8A%EF%BC%89%EF%BC%9A%E6%AF%94%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91%E9%82%84%E8%B2%B4%E7%9A%84%E6%AF%94%E7%89%B9%E5%B9%A3&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TechNews+%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E6%96%B0%E5%A0%B1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffinance.technews.tw%2F2017%2F05%2F11%2Fblock-chain-principle-and-application-bitcoin-pt1%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">吴洪; 方引青; 张莹. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cqvip.com/qk/83640x/201303/47137850.html">疯狂的数字化货币——比特币的性质与启示</a>. 北京邮电大学学报：社会科学版. 2013, (3) <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-07-01</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210406050733/http://www.cqvip.com/qk/83640x/201303/47137850.html">存档</a>于2021-04-06）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3&rft.atitle=%E7%96%AF%E7%8B%82%E7%9A%84%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E5%8C%96%E8%B4%A7%E5%B8%81%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E6%AF%94%E7%89%B9%E5%B8%81%E7%9A%84%E6%80%A7%E8%B4%A8%E4%B8%8E%E5%90%AF%E7%A4%BA&rft.au=%E5%90%B4%E6%B4%AA&rft.au=%E5%BC%A0%E8%8E%B9&rft.au=%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%95%E9%9D%92&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E9%82%AE%E7%94%B5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%AD%A6%E6%8A%A5%EF%BC%9A%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E7%89%88&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cqvip.com%2Fqk%2F83640x%2F201303%2F47137850.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marcel Mauss. <i>The Gift: The Form and Reason for Exchange in Archaic Societies</i>. pp. 36-37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nakedcapitalism.com/2011/08/what-is-debt-%E2%80%93-an-interview-with-economic-anthropologist-david-graeber.html">What is Debt? – An Interview with Economic Anthropologist David Graeber</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Naked_Capitalism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naked Capitalism（页面不存在）">Naked Capitalism</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-04-15</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190411202136/https://www.nakedcapitalism.com/2011/08/what-is-debt-%E2%80%93-an-interview-with-economic-anthropologist-david-graeber.html">存档</a>于2019-04-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3&rft.btitle=What+is+Debt%3F+%E2%80%93+An+Interview+with+Economic+Anthropologist+David+Graeber&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Naked+Capitalism&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nakedcapitalism.com%2F2011%2F08%2Fwhat-is-debt-%25E2%2580%2593-an-interview-with-economic-anthropologist-david-graeber.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Graeber: <i>Debt: The First 5000 Years</i>, Melville 2011. Cf. <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111210152420/http://www.socialtextjournal.org/reviews/2011/10/review-of-david-graebers-debt.php">存档副本</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-11-21</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.socialtextjournal.org/reviews/2011/10/review-of-david-graebers-debt.php">原始内容</a>存档于2011-12-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.socialtextjournal.org%2Freviews%2F2011%2F10%2Freview-of-david-graebers-debt.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Graeber,_David_pp._153-154-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Graeber,_David_pp._153-154_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">David Graeber. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=uo8tttilAlQC&pg=PA153">Toward an anthropological theory of value: the false coin of our own dreams</a>. Palgrave Macmillan. 2001: 153–154 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-02-10</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-312-24045-5" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-312-24045-5"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-312-24045-5</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418110921/https://books.google.com/books?id=uo8tttilAlQC&pg=PA153">存档</a>于2021-04-18）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3&rft.au=David+Graeber&rft.btitle=Toward+an+anthropological+theory+of+value%3A+the+false+coin+of+our+own+dreams&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-312-24045-5&rft.pages=153-154&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Duo8tttilAlQC%26pg%3DPA153&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kramer, <i>History Begins at Sumer</i>, pp. 52–55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Herodotus. <i>Histories</i>, I, 94</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Goldsborough, Reid. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rg.ancients.info/lion/article.html">World's First Coin</a>. rg.ancients.info. 2003-10-02 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-04-20</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131117011653/http://rg.ancients.info/lion/article.html">存档</a>于2013-11-17）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3&rft.au=Goldsborough%2C+Reid&rft.btitle=World%27s+First+Coin&rft.date=2003-10-02&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=rg.ancients.info&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frg.ancients.info%2Flion%2Farticle.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Moshenskyi, Sergii. History of the weksel: Bill of exchange and promissory note. 2008: 55. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-4363-0694-2" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-4363-0694-2"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-1-4363-0694-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3&rft.aufirst=Sergii&rft.aulast=Moshenskyi&rft.btitle=History+of+the+weksel%3A+Bill+of+exchange+and+promissory+note&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-4363-0694-2&rft.pages=55&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marco_Polo-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Marco_Polo_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Marco Polo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=JetQAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA353">The Travels of Marco Polo, a Venetian, in the Thirteenth Century: Being a Description, by that Early Traveller, of Remarkable Places and Things, in the Eastern Parts of the World</a>. 1818: 353–355 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-09-19</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418093539/https://books.google.com/books?id=JetQAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA353">存档</a>于2021-04-18）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3&rft.au=Marco+Polo&rft.btitle=The+Travels+of+Marco+Polo%2C+a+Venetian%2C+in+the+Thirteenth+Century%3A+Being+a+Description%2C+by+that+Early+Traveller%2C+of+Remarkable+Places+and+Things%2C+in+the+Eastern+Parts+of+the+World&rft.date=1818&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=353-355&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJetQAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA353&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220716143720/https://www.catalogueofcurrencies.com/en/blog5-pf.html">History first European paper money</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-06-23</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueofcurrencies.com/en/blog5-pf.html">原始内容</a>存档于2022-07-16） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3&rft.btitle=History+first+European+paper+money&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catalogueofcurrencies.com%2Fen%2Fblog5-pf.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E5%AA%92%E4%BB%8B" title="Template:交易媒介"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E5%AA%92%E4%BB%8B" title="Template talk:交易媒介"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E5%AA%92%E4%BB%8B" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:交易媒介"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="交易媒介" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E5%AA%92%E4%BB%8B" title="交易媒介">交易媒介</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">貨幣</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E8%B2%A8" title="通貨">通貨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AC%E5%B9%A3" title="硬幣">硬幣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%99%E5%B9%A3" title="紙幣">紙幣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%9A%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3" title="法定貨幣">法定貨幣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BA%E5%9F%9F%E8%B4%A7%E5%B8%81" title="区域货币">区域货币</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="金屬貨幣">金屬貨幣</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%B4%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="貴金屬">貴金屬</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B8%81" title="金币">金幣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B6%E4%B8%A4" title="银两">银两</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B6%E5%85%83" class="mw-redirect" title="银元">银元</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9C%E5%B8%81" title="铜币">铜币</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="青铜币" data-lang-code="ru" data-lang-name="俄语" data-foreign-title="Бронзовые монеты"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E5%B8%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="青铜币（页面不存在）">青铜币</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">俄语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B" class="extiw" title="ru:Бронзовые монеты"><span lang="ru" dir="auto">Бронзовые монеты</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%8D%E5%B8%81" title="镍币">镍币</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="鐵幣" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Iron currency"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%90%B5%E5%B9%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鐵幣（页面不存在）">鐵幣</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_currency" class="extiw" title="en:Iron currency"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Iron currency</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="斧頭幣" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Axe-monies"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%A7%E9%A0%AD%E5%B9%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斧頭幣（页面不存在）">斧頭幣</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axe-monies" class="extiw" title="en:Axe-monies"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Axe-monies</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E5%93%81%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3" title="商品貨幣">商品貨幣</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E7%9B%90" title="食盐">食盐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3_(%E5%AE%B9%E9%87%8F%E5%96%AE%E4%BD%8D)" title="石 (容量單位)">大米</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%B6%E7%A3%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="茶磚">茶磚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="絹">绢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%B8%81" title="贝币">贝币</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Shekel" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Shekel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shekel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shekel（页面不存在）">Shekel</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shekel" class="extiw" title="en:Shekel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Shekel</span></a></span>）</span></span>（大麥）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%8F%AF%E8%B1%86" title="可可豆">可可豆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E6%B5%A6%E5%B3%B6%E7%9F%B3%E5%B9%A3" title="雅浦島石幣">雅浦島石幣</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Manillas" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Manillas"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manillas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manillas（页面不存在）">Manilla</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manillas" class="extiw" title="en:Manillas"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Manillas</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Trade bead" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Trade bead"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trade_bead&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trade bead（页面不存在）">Trade bead</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_bead" class="extiw" title="en:Trade bead"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Trade bead</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="夸奇特里" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Quachtli"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%B8%E5%A5%87%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="夸奇特里（页面不存在）">夸奇特里</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quachtli" class="extiw" title="en:Quachtli"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Quachtli</span></a></span>）</span></span>（棉布）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="馬尼拉幣" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Manilla (money)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E6%8B%89%E5%B9%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="馬尼拉幣（页面不存在）">馬尼拉幣</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manilla_(money)" class="extiw" title="en:Manilla (money)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Manilla (money)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E7%95%9C" title="家畜">牲畜</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E7%89%9B" title="水牛">水牛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E7%89%9B" title="家牛">家牛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%86%E9%A9%BC" title="骆驼">骆驼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A6%E7%89%9B" title="牦牛">牦牛</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3" title="電子貨幣">電子貨幣</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E4%BD%8D%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3" title="數位貨幣">數位貨幣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%AF%86%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3" title="加密貨幣">加密貨幣</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="代用貨幣" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Representative money"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A3%E7%94%A8%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="代用貨幣（页面不存在）">代用貨幣</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representative_money" class="extiw" title="en:Representative money"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Representative money</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%9A%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3" title="法定貨幣">法定貨幣</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Gold certificate" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gold certificate"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gold_certificate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gold certificate（页面不存在）">黃金憑證</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_certificate" class="extiw" title="en:Gold certificate"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gold certificate</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他相关概念</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="List of historical currencies" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of historical currencies"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_historical_currencies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of historical currencies（页面不存在）">歷史貨幣列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_historical_currencies" class="extiw" title="en:List of historical currencies"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of historical currencies</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E7%89%A9%E6%98%93%E7%89%A9" title="以物易物">以物易物</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Alternative currency" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Alternative currency"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alternative_currency&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alternative currency（页面不存在）">代案貨幣</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_currency" class="extiw" title="en:Alternative currency"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Alternative currency</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E8%B4%A7%E5%B8%81" title="虚拟货币">虚拟货币</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Flex dollar" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Flex dollar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flex_dollar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flex dollar（页面不存在）">Flex dollar</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flex_dollar" class="extiw" title="en:Flex dollar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Flex dollar</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%A0%E8%AA%A0%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83" title="忠誠計劃">忠誠計劃</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1368#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1368#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1368#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Geld"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4019889-3">德国</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007543394705171">以色列</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="money"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85086790">美国</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000052610&P_CON_LNG=ENG">拉脱维亚</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00564460">日本</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="peníze"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph115711&CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810640162005606">波兰</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">学术</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300037316">AAT</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/047970">瑞士历史词典</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/para">伊斯兰百科全书</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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