CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913420d60d2cff8f',cH: 'Sx9oQ9k6UxNIfE9bQGT1wMz9RvRrEizI49NBxvO2CRs-1739778015-1.2.1.1-AjwZVNya5j6.H8PlX08HuGmaLfbWVJMN4FivOMqqUmDofWZVCkHOGy0Wno8n9k9H',cUPMDTk: "\/4558\/mla?__cf_chl_tk=yrnuS8zI6jZ5S1d3AwfenuHmmLMXFQi3vha4EnQ1EWw-1739778015-1.0.1.1-rHZxTg1LXiSqzAolqWL1qUGBQYghRgyl0FMfHz9W0Xg",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739778015',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/4558\/mla?__cf_chl_f_tk=yrnuS8zI6jZ5S1d3AwfenuHmmLMXFQi3vha4EnQ1EWw-1739778015-1.0.1.1-rHZxTg1LXiSqzAolqWL1qUGBQYghRgyl0FMfHz9W0Xg",md: "tf2oHwl0U2qGGCps5AoH_07EvLZ38dxUcoUfzwGXOYs-1739778015-1.2.1.1-tK6S4.SUkLbNINtC4lABtk_gIDHd7mKC_h0xMr5.EzLtqDTB6YFK0XM9xq6WqehRheJP47eQtNVZJjR7NWNh.KOVa97LtwsVIP04io8g0rs.D1.8pKTGdMu537bJux.ieHBohmlxShHYGaI91jJ9Vjz8dSATK9Hfb03B4BfPT9yjUzjUltCrsLVxrMYvoOssJ78ssLY6RWg91MkJCqcUhI2DKMk0FQ8yhUF1qac8ts_xRsZs_Ppul0V7ZrJdVpN2pKuC9qMPAgx1iQS2Gi1TcEku0gvW.pguQlGSxa1n8rmeYfoyMCTZue88f2GhbDfTNLId7016x6p4u3rsb0Z2L1Yt5B0cfg5do.K9l6mngYhUotkqcZyeQ2uC8sV_Xa7N4abL23BnfCeybGmoraugYfeQMZDdpQwh3e0Jqj53ZQocP3QnYBQMfwwCaoVM0_pmhriS.n9w0Md8GdpbmFIdFImRb6LwuC9uOmbBOC0azkItl3_xyq24KDE01WXI8LhRL0aMLv4Nuh5BcyQBCQjpBP8PJNuqu1Xdmcfs.2aEuizqsdvjfIo2bMTC0PvS7nZLSAXbHA800ojBpUsLv4j..B1A2Gvh.MnOIwuJtnJuRuJDmJz_kcqD2.VmMH1e21H8pwKxByqrHNnoYHF2taJNUJHvYIupMeW_61bO_Lx30t34Wx6LO6Y8ErdO_iyADqWW0aB4WuDE6f41QflBAQJhvWW85QPCNxrN2QCz9sXONyx7fyGzOjA2j.SIjUGsgCvIijHDsXUi29hSggsLAGnWmd1VvlxS205mj38xV7CzJhK51P7gCHescHWaxPwDLnC_74.OkFhl8DPzqzEtGtmI6pS8EyOxMrYLuk1vriMflqYnvP3v0ByGwcAz0fo0enK5u2Vt3EFmqxykMDCQ2hO8QdwKikOMKeIs8PGkX6VG0hkjD6VO9HTYMUvIl42doNPxCk5zYXJ_A0MtbPZ6cd.Nbxh8hFVFWOz9WMS2rihQoLueNW5DKa6Uexic6B9MhcwLIDfX35a3JrX_jzFfNTTpLV31l3mDLh09EDCByx0gmA81CHxzBmgs5U_MVtuzEork0mugYWbryZOHP_NPiR.6DjSwTfcTJjyUHvtPHt75wMbsSG06p_NAQsr3hNKCN39tAspv5sB0PoipTXdvBofK_kytomErMZtVCvnlpoPGIMb2AKsHuOHUz2WwnG467ZOEIqNomX0J6vdz_6BISMIgVO_rc9GF3VN5MHj3HsAW9P_HVEE6jXw5hh1I3pPv4YlI25pNEVOorF7.3Muj0aNL6_sJzEjwG0x5oUc3aoLNHhX92h.z72pgetxDnzpMRitXB2tNTgyAuRsxf.m2YHpMKwsaufEf0vJh4cPdWuu8wzqPcBBbvVd3WD6vuM8Um3GyrkFCyIbVlCrj1dm9fPZmXjd8RFX4YYEO_nv4Ryj7CRR.q9sSwYGihr189ZHt.UXTGhOhVeY.jeOUhEoSA1R9b1nQLcjj3qqr4J5a7GOLMDogQsGG6vxSixgqfOPxaP.rwqURlMV0_sLIrGnzDUlIFIpLdmN7qyK2hK9aKACjNfE.pFTwS.LPeWYBQYBOGEGSZEP_E9hqvEZUKM.cBkp2Z7KdbSPZEV7jFZhwy32KqcG1LmHZ0fWA5RwTZ_W8SPF_y2t7.jsX2zZIVr8hG9U2CY99tppNXVRAmtu_h4dJGc0PkUDbpIAtBh4yu.8cc3VmtsGGP4RU.v_qAJdw23UAvAKEVU.0Ib3FvrmJBbDpM9I.rO4K7JepI0s6oqe_Xr5kpEJdqLHHkGokV8VKnAoQnlM5cCaDqKYujfO3d9a3f59q2LognijJQVrF7hEGpAycLcHMTpCgZsuVre2hpNAvzg",mdrd: "88..066NYhBTAUk3WOPKkN_zmBTHuou7NLxG5x41_5g-1739778015-1.2.1.1-r._kOUM7_N9pK1E_ZGO_DLVof4mcpoS6.9MA01zghJLnnGiDlWZif5Eyi5xywFBnL.AXCqbFhsfQ7byI.KB1LLVL1_QOgc9_xcD.bjX497l92m2MPfXB9DcVezc2TWB7wJ0lcpuqkFqBV1BmMYnPJiSVsiG8r9TNjgIPft8TGHDXkGQXRK8OOc1svDPhfUiUtUUljkd7NO4nqWKBUILdH2qo9g.VgHhEEcbmXvJmZdkWAlPKj6QrIxZkbQBNSFnbVZ53ercA9zoMX8ZsDDz0gHVTmuz_YyDVBM_gYk9xL_ixPdxX_fYYrO7eN62K9_QcCukFjBme7TZnO_AXhNoFSBc8CxgBfczFfYAnXecFo.iXFvrnhR9_4pt.5T9tcGRmPu2cp5xhm0HLybeQPNVWeMieoKuvPzY1AP3VeGn23d2v8vE4eI_w6ycX5vBMRw.8dVaOKfeOF8CkAysqdjcHbNWYdHlK83vgzG_hiPwVeiZahT8c5EKBX44chIwR5_nRIMN07zHLf9SCPKAs0zmzjUH.C3pDxXf94cNUzgwNv1H1s3GFMuuT8NnVE1czQoFFTAticGcl84FIfCWkhDnrrKLW3.mMJ3WPm9vmLoYEgfTYnEI07DNySQMWYs2tRS0vjZGkxZOJCd0n8aoklakQ0yZaknXUeDiGvZiAsv9R7wCAdNPeC5lS.6QjV1jdzqWsB5nd_iPJmVgTGv5Ki5DP9LwhSRdJFxAawFTsLPll.hfFwncr.piC3h3rYnC3xGzV1.Uxo3fyZWB9..cchMWBEsyosvdg17qnYg5P7dtzAVbHLzZBuVC2_uOF0GCxi_MUfWAtiaTUQyk4QmN5ZUJ2ynrHJwYhfvaOvrNifOwV9q8CJCtNtB83sPUAAWyI3M3WNMo3cgPCbyjLb8uePccCpuuP1ztrMphB9WOCivRY3fkbwwwCuVOIGSsSM.tyaSoPU4BTYj6pLNCU82tJiI.ol3LYthN2LsMEtpzimOK1L4xECmhT8MoAH1jr5JMzvlw6wlWK0xj4NolfLaREhCkKnlAJDtQkF0fmFWtES4FVIxO84VFfmHGjiyKc0S_6Ilp12jRRD0FIwDpsc0ItjSMxQMJljcJ2MbwkawSOk4ggzV5xRnfLibJRv175XIyXltZx3ZRj_ChFlhHHBb4uJy1pxioOLY4UqG71e07F.fDuQEQa_hrc2EDyzjg_LP0xem246CMaMOXMSTbIblzFsfBdCgFe_9c4gjjrhOlLf9LmwL2bXzAYD3b6wzZ9Y.xhxZQwpXci8kQ7WyGBu1v2urLL3n5CNR8Lv4pQ.8lYdrXRHWG2jtyn0DAMrfDWS5sZxDz74Q7_glit3YIv1HRUcC3.cMySAgxDsKDVKNcxDnNc7_P9KAiSEHsU2M_kn._80FComQ9ezlvAP7bwSEtOanYA_Y7XbYCZ4yt7Cq0Vsn8MaHuZKOdkASnSW5xBPwewDSoOYhYhZeFr6NbjyoHgX9EeSNAiEOONxCwHakzFte2fzu17gbi5ryarFFxbZBjoHr7gRS.S.kqfMC4hA9vmEcNS6kp8acATeZQuQoc3XIvhNrpkdQ9cNeRaqWuOjmEA2kxNFolA0.VcNeOVvozmfPFXaGsCPOUeK8_MhTVztRi759osLeZVsm7y_TI1gQshBtTPeE7dH7S9nPB.FZH0.0P2mUyb73qxTUy1JSRlHSkH5FMIn4AEEM7atx1NzSsrGrwLqTA1J75L3hxVz8viffMrE.8HoVQ9UgBEn.fct4ODDrAoledrcUZZrXXbkHLAGhQfvqRQnUsRMFsKrGS.v7hfMxdZep_kcZRWRgvAwMFabrOLPsLGZl1WFB0GMz3L1TfR8JSO4oq3BPHdn9YL7rndZLJ6Ff8sr8TNFtTONOFx5hEF4NRtiBP5.RW90RIW9yTytzRixqYX4qSZC.WViibhJZQepeEuBSs1kRzFAm8p4fo99JZLpp4U_iIkXBchc1Ts"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913420d60d2cff8f';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/4558\/mla?__cf_chl_rt_tk=yrnuS8zI6jZ5S1d3AwfenuHmmLMXFQi3vha4EnQ1EWw-1739778015-1.0.1.1-rHZxTg1LXiSqzAolqWL1qUGBQYghRgyl0FMfHz9W0Xg" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>