CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135a65c885a9e20',cH: 'Ziwo.IpOHCQKrrGr4n3WFsOsCBytBuuM1HqscZnUahM-1739793970-1.2.1.1-OoUNWtrmre_MWKp2qcj9c6G5HMqpKcAsCPMUYOslN9gZBlb279KPiQmWBH7fOLFt',cUPMDTk: "\/10013188\/endnote?__cf_chl_tk=nn_Nub7Crc2YYVOLqZJah8NqeuUaoULBDbfvvxZPEbM-1739793970-1.0.1.1-qBFbjUAK8fMFI1Y7JE8iIkB2wCMvNYcz24YAWJDKgRo",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739793970',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/10013188\/endnote?__cf_chl_f_tk=nn_Nub7Crc2YYVOLqZJah8NqeuUaoULBDbfvvxZPEbM-1739793970-1.0.1.1-qBFbjUAK8fMFI1Y7JE8iIkB2wCMvNYcz24YAWJDKgRo",md: "NOejN5mIFPxFeS1pzFxpvty5q8ozIB5VKD8phrNpQyE-1739793970-1.2.1.1-_bHqF09VsTEsnhLN5wrAWnlhnyD1mkyRBeGn7OUHGy1O094..V7Neza3d.uVKNL3aOh05ftnu4_58ReHWx9DNrKPX4Qejj75xYw1ztinMGVrR8qRRxAt33MWcLlyFesjWPJEv7und26ntywXzEYorEKCCA7SnbcMgYVDVys_TpdTmD7scdKfZdsk.k7F4gD1jSOxgExkskuiYCXqvCUljbZVVavTaZhPKO_gRBZ9yLUOvcyOkohLclz.q16wXLG6Mj8BHt3H6q3TdHcdfw4RSLnOkO6SGpigglZQuBNkqQllPIJJeXU.AEgUrq3PFZvMqBwvcQZz.hfJwUzQ2Bc9C5VhL6yiyrv.bStJmCVJKS1bXMlK26eKQFTsYDYYAruIZeqwxzHsUh.tH.AcloVc1fiAGtEd0GvyinvXJPNx32uGIj5VUG2CvkraPbkLdTpGwbiHQ.Zzgt28j3Jga9RS0xYxmkU_Vb82G6pmGS3o409E_lLw_BtGfobbjbBTnOgPiWhrCKrw6oxtpzvJSBmV658ux3BcfYmJjspIjJ5RGoyZPbPo8_Es_QkV6y.WA8rqW.gM3uvHXb5oTZdVTazSQ1uRH7TBc31gaikzKwDJ7Sn_rXLQkRUt1di5JxaIiDfTFv_bKcFp1pvPF0_nDX_0lhiOsUotOyyX79bZl15e52O4IwHqt2jkLlZNMUguJ1IKx1Zci1sqjuJGmzYBx0N0Pu1wEGN1gYGFkwVmUOQ..r0Utmrgm_YjtCECxfXcCmNJVKuS93Ztjoc3147fK9BiaOeLqFeybqO8UVrrlSE560mit3Sa0QvIYDKE9v.RgZMmIpj.Uz7qiibxifKm5OyzwTuNBtzAgkkgZ5vLf2jOCKdOjwFb5PIlX6y6vHrNx_rfC3XOLbYmD_ArZtO5P_0MlOodnevz1LSKTqXLZQ37cmiUISAYJpc2SVh2VDPb.mco0Qo4iQ94pASGGczgU80XF6ObzgF2VD5O3dnngKfYk.pZNT3QBS9Bxiq6tajFklptXgzyJK1yOG5mWYmpNsjpvsuWWaIwaObLtxFAwq1QpmBCkvA_IPjKt3RqLEZFSYX08_yYb7D_rkAnhe1KbGCYxngyi0UuIAhii73vrSkP_ega_hvrG6Whyph_cp4yNdRSXXI0oUtDDjxrjRYB4UrGRMi910hOG_um3a4qE1fYXIzVnheNqMy4DAMECkuCLy9DvRxWJyN7huafNaZHRzxMo7cEeI.77A3PUKU6owWn1JVBqGYy8khp4w9wdm4T6d6JDBU_Kg8iGp80gHldx9TjbHx7WPrMA6ky0wPBKusH3LxomfLdfZG85VmTMzOx5OR3AHechentOtt4nMYvrCAbi6uowiwt8AGf2Q9wLr7C8S2nyrT7Rqy1XewqGAHDTveeJlMxzl2fFjwIL8Ul0xXTVf8.puWVaPZx0sYA2O_5dB4NQG2TI01j92kCJ78lZ_3jK_MNHxDaICXhpzdXneaPA9YH1HnOQHy4KsyrAGbFYgvyLuyTroNtU1gG.0Ms6NOWx5JghBbE3vP5bEu2.EsM1xClZklsoFM0mLDOSz9wp8f2HWf40Cp5CqDAaV0EpRpzduG2uAaTUJp88z04_1sM0P5.zkqwUvd1rkjrT9h6eEyhcR7AWsunHKXgxljPyvBaplGNr6CKtVpkvKp9xxr0.2q5k9jCSolbjCjjDk5dJ3UY.SM53zC3O2M_GXxaYr_LEXTbqM92yqdpTSZe4GgQrUXrHV.WyvJT_cqe3e4jyq.jUFQkx1rzAN4jB7XEHqlsRF4qwf2t.7hl5WHrIoz7d1Mq4oNEL0sHfEROfOTJIisKtgOXpw0.LtRTh110rhsvPQhAwQh6ZgB.BhnW1DPmcDIrqfC.LFzBLIedhMczMr4",mdrd: "WoqgJGsBLi4OxLSEeHYq_oVRaWqPKCsh_V_1Fzzf4Dk-1739793970-1.2.1.1-yHFBcbiiV7vMg4wo3XjbZec4TANH_.1Du64BoHYavObmARw1.hoq8_NghseReUCt9VMrNkS38Wo31xf8sL7Iu_mTvkeroYQ9Lnv4PzdAbX74spCAsJWAAT0veJytmKqx9pDfgv39fYrGkRsjd38vlVLLoV2TMhVLKrr8UNsSwPhVVODa5o8iNtTBlCeCMQB1I2C9LdhFL9pmYWMRUDfyplaOIm7TsWn2lUFXlLnO_lh9aOiG2L1iyTPvdw6diTYo7w0pvdRaBKNzL5UYxMRJyXL9jLdgWIRowKyBLBDht463OXQyodRze2guOyBkiuQ6UxG3v5sUWFtQU6KXX0BZE8Q8taB839DkgipUu5qIQA7E7VCa9zebznz2rKAee8D9UCMeivqmTajhUWQ_hBLkGPXNwTWHKIrhohpKQfkVfMLJ38xkSUJ7A0LB3TjXqzX5hLNtC8FOTJUznCedShJ8EbWjV5x9bMXiQCS8pnZQUmg2uYmfHLvN5qTTpVGIm00MCf2jYnytMG1GrRm.MGq57DjcLFzP8VvUJtHG6arHxB5n.r6RPVkSZ.UR4.G8SqKl4yrgfu6dn_4cG4jApwSkxLkf1s1C0Mbhf.itD_mz19SVvih1YQx7GAiIYKO2SfaigSp7X0r8R8tnHtcBYEkGBJWncjWo_Bp8Qwy1RMt_2UpnkbY6gqCDNO7I9RxZaZoN_0FxQnGdYR1chZpfAlHsAfkgsWabWj0U4PZkrFfagskUB9zQrEOpOFoobuIj3G8qtyoEGjSO68gHTIsVZMA6RAfPdAb7GetUKpxHKigKQIF91SYUWIR2dQ2LlV_ZwCdxzeLfB0OtUgCiFZOxAV8ZJm1r8mo4YB44PFRsB4BX5VZgSXy_xLbPl0Kp41Xj6rVdnXFKGDAENiTafGuH0MII_MgIszUnBn3tNWrsQDIit7BvW7C0yQtEgFmSQpC5SKqfsX_iyPqAUjgGUEPSTrrEegqY3Fzc1XvDfLWcBYFitJej9bwrIW1ksUh0rwDnoKQ7D2_09xy7jZAD_qNxWTn8vIE_qPdGIu3aeCc1Z5fFdphJg5Z9Fj4TeoJkPLZcik32iMTmWgsAJAA0TDBwcTBuMDmdM4zWb7ni50pvAomIQkpsSRTBR40v0S0b1m.lH1oLxucdZhGdiXHnen1xnQM4Ydj41weHnez1oe4xx6YJuK_FG0udziGMrGfjowEKaFZu9bTUCXKs.rYse_iKlw3J0rsajYzgGnUX_3vLNZf6RRRT0SLr.knHOMmGRJc72sBQY4f8bNKZtZwj5Q36l.jmhfQnIvCphwdca4MKIAwI331ujoRyfj7O3zwHO2yLXDArP_EvA95MXSVm6kEk9JTPSq3x6nbNfGTVn78U6N4X9s6Rj3OY5ASe09mf3ocOgzX2AJqKgvcWr1ufF5OVKh4Bw14DdvVGmNWwuH3ta_3r_68NZQGc6Cv0vtwRNaTzAkUF6SiexVALiRcGrDYvDGN7IW6z.T2dMz1QK906OC5OgsAzonQpXuSwtxE1UM3cymeLrNFNULtI7qXEJnQGFcawSW4ZP_ATB4gn0XB1P_myY5obuWRrGkm7JvMiIYev7eq.YVOUCX_4wAEBH1Gfv3o_Q5grA0GS9K9NIlaBEUgZs6E0Gx44HjoKRgXw1tJldOo5lMi4SAvFCnTc74I_XF0jf5ygYZDlUvRLZyE_W9dkeCI8kR1lUhZTmF.6fGyT75dzIwu5BgxM4uO80h93a.zYecDh_aeFuWdJb_Q4XP988zCssnHYpzYwHBis5I.Xnvj57zdAxkg5VLMl0tLNBc9YnAYcG1qMAhqL53fo7iJk5cgx3ixI3K8gX3OMG4eFoVPmx4tgyfUlXbQJ_8QUSw4vULnunMvwTntNxCUrAdGDl4g5F5_9jeTJj3SvZr7hQjGGhBDKI0KoOJ5jbr1YPPU3aTGg1tNqwbY.dUUWuxODJ2IdsOPV0UQ0bfROODcFYuhP"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135a65c885a9e20';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/10013188\/endnote?__cf_chl_rt_tk=nn_Nub7Crc2YYVOLqZJah8NqeuUaoULBDbfvvxZPEbM-1739793970-1.0.1.1-qBFbjUAK8fMFI1Y7JE8iIkB2wCMvNYcz24YAWJDKgRo" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>