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class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 27</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: flexure.</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> A Compact Quasi-Zero Stiffness Vibration Isolator Using Flexure-Based Spring Mechanisms Capable of Tunable Stiffness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Thanh-Phong%20Dao">Thanh-Phong Dao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shyh-Chour%20Huang"> Shyh-Chour Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study presents a quasi-zero stiffness (QZS) vibration isolator using flexure-based spring mechanisms which afford both negative and positive stiffness elements, which enable self-adjustment. The QZS property of the isolator is achieved at the equilibrium position. A nonlinear mathematical model is then developed, based on the pre-compression of the flexure-based spring mechanisms. The dynamics are further analyzed using the Harmonic Balance method. The vibration attention efficiency is illustrated using displacement transmissibility, which is then compared with the corresponding linear isolator. The effects of parameters on performance are also investigated by numerical solutions. The flexure-based spring mechanisms are subsequently designed using the concept of compliant mechanisms, with evaluation by ANSYS software, and simulations of the QZS isolator. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vibration%20isolator" title="Vibration isolator">Vibration isolator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=quasi-zero%20stiffness" title=" quasi-zero stiffness"> quasi-zero stiffness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=flexure-based%20spring%20mechanisms" title=" flexure-based spring mechanisms"> flexure-based spring mechanisms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=compliant%20mechanism." title=" compliant mechanism. "> compliant mechanism. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005312/a-compact-quasi-zero-stiffness-vibration-isolator-using-flexure-based-spring-mechanisms-capable-of-tunable-stiffness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005312/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005312/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005312/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005312/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005312/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005312/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005312/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005312/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005312/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005312/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005312.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2163</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> Influence of Silica Fume on High Strength Lightweight Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.%20Katkhuda">H. Katkhuda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=B.%20Hanayneh"> B. Hanayneh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Shatarat"> N. Shatarat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main objective of this paper is to determine the isolated effect of silica fume on tensile, compressive and flexure strengths on high strength lightweight concrete. Many experiments were carried out by replacing cement with different percentages of silica fume at different constant water-binder ratio keeping other mix design variables constant. The silica fume was replaced by 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% for a water-binder ratios ranging from 0.26 to 0.42. For all mixes, split tensile, compressive and flexure strengths were determined at 28 days. The results showed that the tensile, compressive and flexure strengths increased with silica fume incorporation but the optimum replacement percentage is not constant because it depends on the water鈥揷ementitious material (w/cm) ratio of the mix. Based on the results, a relationship between split tensile, compressive and flexure strengths of silica fume concrete was developed using statistical methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Silica%20fume" title="Silica fume">Silica fume</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Lightweight" title=" Lightweight"> Lightweight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=High%20strength%20concrete" title=" High strength concrete"> High strength concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=and%20Strength." title=" and Strength."> and Strength.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3463/influence-of-silica-fume-on-high-strength-lightweight-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3463/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3463/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3463/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3463/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3463/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3463/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3463/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3463/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3463/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3463/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3463.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3769</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> Vibration Reduction Module with Flexure Springs for Personal Tools</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Donghyun%20Hwang">Donghyun Hwang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Soo-Hun%20Lee"> Soo-Hun Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Moon%20G.%20Lee"> Moon G. Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In the various working field, vibration may cause injurious to human body. Especially, in case of the vibration which is constantly and repeatedly transferred to the human. That gives serious physical problem, so called, Reynaud phenomenon. In this paper, we propose a vibration transmissibility reduction module with flexure mechanism for personal tools. At first, we select a target personal tool, grass cutter, and measure the level of vibration transmissibility on the hand. And then, we develop the concept design of the module that has stiffness for reduction the vibration transmissibility more than 20%, where the vibration transmissibility is measured with an accelerometer. In addition, the vibration reduction can be enhanced when the interior gap between inner and outer body is filled with silicone gel. This will be verified by the further experiment.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Flexure%20spring" title="Flexure spring">Flexure spring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=tool%20engineering" title=" tool engineering"> tool engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=vibration%20damping." title=" vibration damping."> vibration damping.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10340/vibration-reduction-module-with-flexure-springs-for-personal-tools" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10340/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10340/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10340/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10340/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10340/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10340/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10340/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10340/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10340/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10340/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10340.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1974</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> Strengthening of RC Beams Containing Large Opening at Flexure with CFRP laminates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.C.%20Chin">S.C. Chin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Shafiq"> N. Shafiq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.F.%20Nuruddin"> M.F. Nuruddin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the study of strengthening R/C beams with large circular and square opening located at flexure zone by Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) laminates. A total of five beams were tested to failure under four point loading to investigate the structural behavior including crack patterns, failure mode, ultimate load and load deflection behaviour. Test results show that large opening at flexure reduces the beam capacity and stiffness; and increases cracking and deflection. A strengthening configuration was designed for each un-strengthened beams based on their respective crack patterns. CFRP laminates remarkably restore the beam capacity of beam with large circular opening at flexure location while 10% re-gain of beam capacity with square opening. The use of CFRP laminates with the designed strengthening configuration could significantly reduce excessive cracking and deflection and increase the ultimate capacity and stiffness of beam. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=CFRP" title="CFRP">CFRP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=large%20opening" title=" large opening"> large opening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R%2FC%20beam" title=" R/C beam"> R/C beam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=strengthening" title=" strengthening"> strengthening</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16023/strengthening-of-rc-beams-containing-large-opening-at-flexure-with-cfrp-laminates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16023/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16023/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16023/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16023/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16023/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16023/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16023/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16023/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16023/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16023/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16023.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3803</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> Long-term Flexural Behavior of HSC Beams</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Andreea%20Muntean">Andreea Muntean</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cornelia%20M%C4%83gureanu"> Cornelia M膬gureanu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This article presents the analysis of experimental values regarding cracking pattern, specific strains and deformability for reinforced high strength concrete beams. The beams have the concrete class C80/95 and a longitudinal reinforcement ratio of 2.01%, respectively 3.39%. The elements were subjected to flexure under static short-term and long-term loading. The experimental values are compared with calculation values using the design relationships according to Eurocode 2.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=High%20strength%20concrete" title="High strength concrete">High strength concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=beams" title=" beams"> beams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=flexure." title=" flexure."> flexure.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2777/long-term-flexural-behavior-of-hsc-beams" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2777/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2777/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2777/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2777/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2777/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2777/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2777/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2777/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2777/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2777/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2777.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1604</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Flexure of Cantilever Thick Beams Using Trigonometric Shear Deformation Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yuwaraj%20M.%20Ghugal">Yuwaraj M. Ghugal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ajay%20G.%20Dahake"> Ajay G. Dahake</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>A trigonometric shear deformation theory for flexure of thick beams, taking into account transverse shear deformation effects, is developed. The number of variables in the present theory is same as that in the first order shear deformation theory. The sinusoidal function is used in displacement field in terms of thickness coordinate to represent the shear deformation effects. The noteworthy feature of this theory is that the transverse shear stresses can be obtained directly from the use of constitutive relations with excellent accuracy, satisfying the shear stress free conditions on the top and bottom surfaces of the beam. Hence, the theory obviates the need of shear correction factor. Governing differential equations and boundary conditions are obtained by using the principle of virtual work. The thick cantilever isotropic beams are considered for the numerical studies to demonstrate the efficiency of the. Results obtained are discussed critically with those of other theories.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Trigonometric%20shear%20deformation" title="Trigonometric shear deformation">Trigonometric shear deformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=thick%20beam" title=" thick beam"> thick beam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=flexure" title=" flexure"> flexure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=principle%20of%20virtual%20work" title=" principle of virtual work"> principle of virtual work</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=equilibrium%20equations" title=" equilibrium equations"> equilibrium equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=stress." title=" stress."> stress.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997178/flexure-of-cantilever-thick-beams-using-trigonometric-shear-deformation-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997178/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997178/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997178/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997178/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997178/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997178/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997178/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997178/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997178/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997178/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997178.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3106</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Flexure of Simply Supported Thick Beams Using Refined Shear Deformation Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yuwaraj%20M.%20Ghugal">Yuwaraj M. Ghugal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ajay%20G.%20Dahake"> Ajay G. Dahake</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>A trigonometric shear deformation theory for flexure of thick beams, taking into account transverse shear deformation effects, is developed. The number of variables in the present theory is same as that in the first order shear deformation theory. The sinusoidal function is used in displacement field in terms of thickness coordinate to represent the shear deformation effects. The noteworthy feature of this theory is that the transverse shear stresses can be obtained directly from the use of constitutive relations with excellent accuracy, satisfying the shear stress free conditions on the top and bottom surfaces of the beam. Hence, the theory obviates the need of shear correction factor. Governing differential equations and boundary conditions are obtained by using the principle of virtual work. The thick simply supported isotropic beams are considered for the numerical studies to demonstrate the efficiency of the results obtained is discussed critically with those of other theories.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Trigonometric%20shear%20deformation" title="Trigonometric shear deformation">Trigonometric shear deformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=thick%20beam" title=" thick beam"> thick beam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=flexure" title=" flexure"> flexure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=principle%20of%20virtual%20work" title=" principle of virtual work"> principle of virtual work</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=equilibrium%20equations" title=" equilibrium equations"> equilibrium equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=stress." title=" stress."> stress.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996869/flexure-of-simply-supported-thick-beams-using-refined-shear-deformation-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996869/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996869/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996869/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996869/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996869/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996869/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996869/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996869/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996869/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996869/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996869.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1498</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Flexural Strength Design of RC Beams with Consideration of Strain Gradient Effect </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mantai%20Chen">Mantai Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Johnny%20Ching%20Ming%20Ho"> Johnny Ching Ming Ho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The stress-strain relationship of concrete under flexure is one of the essential parameters in assessing ultimate flexural strength capacity of RC beams. Currently, the concrete stress-strain curve in flexure is obtained by incorporating a constant scale-down factor of 0.85 in the uniaxial stress-strain curve. However, it was revealed that strain gradient would improve the maximum concrete stress under flexure and concrete stress-strain curve is strain gradient dependent. Based on the strain-gradient-dependent concrete stress-strain curve, the investigation of the combined effects of strain gradient and concrete strength on flexural strength of RC beams was extended to high strength concrete up to 100 MPa by theoretical analysis. As an extension and application of the authors’ previous study, a new flexural strength design method incorporating the combined effects of strain gradient and concrete strength is developed. A set of equivalent rectangular concrete stress block parameters is proposed and applied to produce a series of design charts showing that the flexural strength of RC beams are improved with strain gradient effect considered.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Beams" title="Beams">Beams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Equivalent%20concrete%20stress%20block" title=" Equivalent concrete stress block"> Equivalent concrete stress block</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Flexural%20strength" title=" Flexural strength"> Flexural strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Strain%20gradient." title=" Strain gradient."> Strain gradient.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998574/flexural-strength-design-of-rc-beams-with-consideration-of-strain-gradient-effect" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998574/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998574/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998574/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998574/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998574/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998574/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998574/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998574/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998574/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998574/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998574.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4122</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Influence of Deficient Materials on the Reliability of Reinforced Concrete Members</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sami%20W.%20Tabsh">Sami W. Tabsh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The strength of reinforced concrete depends on the member dimensions and material properties. The properties of concrete and steel materials are not constant but random variables. The variability of concrete strength is due to batching errors, variations in mixing, cement quality uncertainties, differences in the degree of compaction and disparity in curing. Similarly, the variability of steel strength is attributed to the manufacturing process, rolling conditions, characteristics of base material, uncertainties in chemical composition, and the microstructure-property relationships. To account for such uncertainties, codes of practice for reinforced concrete design impose resistance factors to ensure structural reliability over the useful life of the structure. In this investigation, the effects of reductions in concrete and reinforcing steel strengths from the nominal values, beyond those accounted for in the structural design codes, on the structural reliability are assessed. The considered limit states are flexure, shear and axial compression based on the ACI 318-11 structural concrete building code. Structural safety is measured in terms of a reliability index. Probabilistic resistance and load models are compiled from the available literature. The study showed that there is a wide variation in the reliability index for reinforced concrete members designed for flexure, shear or axial compression, especially when the live-to-dead load ratio is low. Furthermore, variations in concrete strength have minor effect on the reliability of beams in flexure, moderate effect on the reliability of beams in shear, and sever effect on the reliability of columns in axial compression. On the other hand, changes in steel yield strength have great effect on the reliability of beams in flexure, moderate effect on the reliability of beams in shear, and mild effect on the reliability of columns in axial compression. Based on the outcome, it can be concluded that the reliability of beams is sensitive to changes in the yield strength of the steel reinforcement, whereas the reliability of columns is sensitive to variations in the concrete strength. Since the embedded target reliability in structural design codes results in lower structural safety in beams than in columns, large reductions in material strengths compromise the structural safety of beams much more than they affect columns.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Code" title="Code">Code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=flexure" title=" flexure"> flexure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=limit%20states" title=" limit states"> limit states</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=random%20variables" title=" random variables"> random variables</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=reinforced%20concrete" title=" reinforced concrete"> reinforced concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=reliability" title=" reliability"> reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=reliability%20index" title=" reliability index"> reliability index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=shear" title=" shear"> shear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=structural%20safety." title=" structural safety."> structural safety.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998197/influence-of-deficient-materials-on-the-reliability-of-reinforced-concrete-members" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998197/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998197/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998197/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998197/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998197/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998197/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998197/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998197/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998197/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998197/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998197.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2596</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Mechanical Properties of Fibre Reinforced Concrete - A Comparative Experimental Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Amir%20M.%20Alani">Amir M. Alani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Morteza%20Aboutalebi"> Morteza Aboutalebi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper in essence presents comparative experimental data on the mechanical performance of steel and synthetic fibre-reinforced concrete under compression, tensile split and flexure. URW1050 steel fibre and HPP45 synthetic fibre, both with the same concrete design mix, have been used to make cube specimens for a compression test, cylinders for a tensile split test and beam specimens for a flexural test. The experimental data demonstrated steel fibre reinforced concrete to be stronger in flexure at early stages, whilst both fibre reinforced concrete types displayed comparatively the same performance in compression, tensile splitting and 28-day flexural strength. In terms of post-crack controlHPP45 was preferable.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Steel%20Fibre" title="Steel Fibre">Steel Fibre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Synthetic%20Fibre" title=" Synthetic Fibre"> Synthetic Fibre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fibre%20Reinforced%0D%0AConcrete" title=" Fibre Reinforced Concrete"> Fibre Reinforced Concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Failure" title=" Failure"> Failure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ductility" title=" Ductility"> Ductility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Experimental%20Study." title=" Experimental Study."> Experimental Study.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16618/mechanical-properties-of-fibre-reinforced-concrete-a-comparative-experimental-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16618/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16618/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16618/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16618/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16618/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16618/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16618/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16618/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16618/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16618/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16618.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">7458</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Design and Optimization for a Compliant Gripper with Force Regulation Mechanism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nhat%20Linh%20Ho">Nhat Linh Ho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Thanh-Phong%20Dao"> Thanh-Phong Dao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shyh-Chour%20Huang"> Shyh-Chour Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hieu%20Giang%20Le"> Hieu Giang Le</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper presents a design and optimization for a compliant gripper. The gripper is constructed based on the concept of compliant mechanism with flexure hinge. A passive force regulation mechanism is presented to control the grasping force a micro-sized object instead of using a sensor force. The force regulation mechanism is designed using the planar springs. The gripper is expected to obtain a large range of displacement to handle various sized objects. First of all, the statics and dynamics of the gripper are investigated by using the finite element analysis in ANSYS software. And then, the design parameters of the gripper are optimized via Taguchi method. An orthogonal array <em>L<sub>9</sub></em> is used to establish an experimental matrix. Subsequently, the signal to noise ratio is analyzed to find the optimal solution. Finally, the response surface methodology is employed to model the relationship between the design parameters and the output displacement of the gripper. The design of experiment method is then used to analyze the sensitivity so as to determine the effect of each parameter on the displacement. The results showed that the compliant gripper can move with a large displacement of 213.51 mm and the force regulation mechanism is expected to be used for high precision positioning systems.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Flexure%20hinge" title="Flexure hinge">Flexure hinge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=compliant%20mechanism" title=" compliant mechanism"> compliant mechanism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=compliant%20gripper" title=" compliant gripper"> compliant gripper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=force%20regulation%20mechanism" title=" force regulation mechanism"> force regulation mechanism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Taguchi%20method" title=" Taguchi method"> Taguchi method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=response%20surface%20methodology" title=" response surface methodology"> response surface methodology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=design%20of%20experiment." title=" design of experiment."> design of experiment.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006202/design-and-optimization-for-a-compliant-gripper-with-force-regulation-mechanism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006202/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006202/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006202/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006202/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006202/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006202/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006202/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006202/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006202/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006202/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006202.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1629</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Advantages of Large Strands in Precast/Prestressed Concrete Highway Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Amin%20Akhnoukh">Amin Akhnoukh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The objective of this research is to investigate the advantages of using large-diameter 0.7 inch prestressing strands in pretention applications. The advantages of large-diameter strands are mainly beneficial in the heavy construction applications. Bridges and tunnels are subjected to a higher daily traffic with an exponential increase in trucks ultimate weight, which raise the demand for higher structural capacity of bridges and tunnels. In this research, precast prestressed I-girders were considered as a case study. Flexure capacities of girders fabricated using 0.7 inch strands and different concrete strengths were calculated and compared to capacities of 0.6 inch strands girders fabricated using equivalent concrete strength. The effect of bridge deck concrete strength on composite deck-girder section capacity was investigated due to its possible effect on final section capacity. Finally, a comparison was made to compare the bridge cross-section of girders designed using regular 0.6 inch strands and the large-diameter 0.7 inch. The research findings showed that structural advantages of 0.7 inch strands allow for using fewer bridge girders, reduced material quantity, and light-weight members. The structural advantages of 0.7 inch strands are maximized when high strength concrete (HSC) are used in girder fabrication, and concrete of minimum 5ksi compressive strength is used in pouring bridge decks. The use of 0.7 inch strands in bridge industry can partially contribute to the improvement of bridge conditions, minimize construction cost, and reduce the construction duration of the project.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=0.7%20Inch%20Strands" title="0.7 Inch Strands">0.7 Inch Strands</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=I-Girders" title=" I-Girders"> I-Girders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pretension" title=" Pretension"> Pretension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Flexure%0D%0ACapacity" title=" Flexure Capacity"> Flexure Capacity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16589/advantages-of-large-strands-in-precastprestressed-concrete-highway-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16589/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16589/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16589/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16589/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16589/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16589/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16589/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16589/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16589/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16589/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16589.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2758</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Limit State of Heterogeneous Smart Structures under Unknown Cyclic Loading</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Chen">M. Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S-Q.%20Zhang"> S-Q. Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=X.%20Wang"> X. Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=D.%20Tate"> D. Tate</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper presents a numerical solution, namely limit and shakedown analysis, to predict the safety state of smart structures made of heterogeneous materials under unknown cyclic loadings, for instance, the flexure hinge in the micro-positioning stage driven by piezoelectric actuator. In combination of homogenization theory and finite-element method (FEM), the safety evaluation problem is converted to a large-scale nonlinear optimization programming for an acceptable bounded loading as the design reference. Furthermore, a general numerical scheme integrated with the FEM and interior-point-algorithm based optimization tool is developed, which makes the practical application possible.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Limit%20state" title="Limit state">Limit state</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=shakedown%20analysis" title=" shakedown analysis"> shakedown analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=homogenization" title=" homogenization"> homogenization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=heterogeneous%20structure." title=" heterogeneous structure."> heterogeneous structure.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007871/limit-state-of-heterogeneous-smart-structures-under-unknown-cyclic-loading" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007871/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007871/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007871/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007871/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007871/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007871/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007871/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007871/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007871/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007871/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007871.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">863</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> The Grinding Influence on the Strength of Fan-Out Wafer-Level Packages</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Z.%20W.%20Zhong">Z. W. Zhong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C.%20Xu"> C. Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=W.%20K.%20Choi"> W. K. Choi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To build a thin fan-out wafer-level package, the package had to be ground to a thin level. In this work, the influence of the grinding processes on the strength of the fan-out wafer-level packages was investigated. After different grinding processes, all specimens were placed on a three-point-bending fixture installed on a universal tester for three-point-bending testing, and the strength of the fan-out wafer-level packages was measured. The experiments revealed that the average flexure strength increased with the decreasing surface roughness height of the fan-out wafer-level package tested. The grinding processes had a significant influence on the strength of the fan-out wafer-level packages investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=FOWLP%20strength" title="FOWLP strength">FOWLP strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=surface%20roughness" title=" surface roughness"> surface roughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=three-point%20bending" title=" three-point bending"> three-point bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=grinding." title=" grinding."> grinding.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008773/the-grinding-influence-on-the-strength-of-fan-out-wafer-level-packages" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008773/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008773/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008773/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008773/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008773/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008773/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008773/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008773/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008773/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008773/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008773.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1030</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Prestressed Concrete Girder Bridges Using Large 0.7 Inch Strands</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Amin%20Akhnoukh">Amin Akhnoukh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The National Bridge Inventory (NBI) includes more than 600,000 bridges within the United States of America. Prestressed concrete girder bridges represent one of the most widely used bridge systems. The majority of these girder bridges were constructed using 0.5 and 0.6 inch diameter strands. The main impediments to using larger strand diameters are: 1) lack of prestress bed capacities, 2) lack of structural knowledge regarding the transfer and development length of larger strands, and 3) the possibility of developing wider end zone cracks upon strand release. This paper presents a study about using 0.7 inch strands in girder fabrication. Transfer and development length were evaluated, and girders were fabricated using 0.7 inch strands at different spacings. Results showed that 0.7 inch strands can be used at 2.0 inch spacing without violating the AASHTO LRFD Specifications, while attaining superior performance in shear and flexure.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=0.7%20inch%20strands" title="0.7 inch strands">0.7 inch strands</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=prestress" title=" prestress"> prestress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=I-girders" title=" I-girders"> I-girders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=bridges" title=" bridges"> bridges</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16590/prestressed-concrete-girder-bridges-using-large-07-inch-strands" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16590/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16590/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16590/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16590/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16590/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16590/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16590/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16590/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16590/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16590/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16590.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3065</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Column Size for R.C. Frames with High Drift</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sunil%20S.%20Mayengbam">Sunil S. Mayengbam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Choudhury"> S. Choudhury</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>A method to predict the column size for displacement based design of reinforced concrete frame buildings with higher target inter storey drift is reported here. The column depth derived from empirical relation as a function of given beam section, target inter-story drift, building plan features and common displacement based design parameters is used. Regarding the high drift requirement, a minimum column-beam moment capacity ratio is maintained during capacity design. The method is used in designing four, eight and twelve story frame buildings with displacement based design for three percent target inter storey drift. Non linear time history analysis of the designed buildings are performed under five artificial ground motions to show that the columns are found elastic enough to avoid column sway mechanism assuring that for the design the column size can be used with or without minor changes.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Column%20size" title="Column size">Column size</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=point%20of%20contra%20flexure" title=" point of contra flexure"> point of contra flexure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=displacement%0D%0Abased%20design" title=" displacement based design"> displacement based design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=capacity%20design." title=" capacity design."> capacity design.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9328/column-size-for-rc-frames-with-high-drift" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9328/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9328/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9328/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9328/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9328/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9328/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9328/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9328/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9328/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9328/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9328.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">27325</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> SELF-Cured Alkali Activated Slag Concrete Mixes- An Experimental Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mithun%20B.%20M.">Mithun B. M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mattur%20C.%20Narasimhan"> Mattur C. Narasimhan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Alkali Activated Slag Concrete (AASC) mixes are manufactured by activating ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) using sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solutions. The aim of the present experimental research was to investigate the effect of increasing the dosages of sodium oxide (Na<sub>2</sub>O, in the range of 4 to 8%) and the activator modulus (Ms) (i.e. the SiO<sub>2</sub>/Na<sub>2</sub>O ratio, in the range of 0.5 to 1.5) of the alkaline solutions, on the workability and strength characteristics of self-cured (air-cured) alkali activated Indian slag concrete mixes. Further the split tensile and flexure strengths for optimal mixes were studied for each dosage of Na<sub>2</sub>O.It is observed that increase in Na<sub>2</sub>O concentration increases the compressive, split-tensile and flexural strengths, both at the early and later-ages, while increase in Ms, decreases the workability of the mixes. An optimal Ms of 1.25 is found at various Na<sub>2</sub>O dosages. No significant differences in the strength performances were observed between AASCs manufactured with alkali solutions prepared using either of potable and de-ionized water.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alkali%20activated%20slag" title="Alkali activated slag">Alkali activated slag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=self-curing" title=" self-curing"> self-curing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=strength%20characteristics." title=" strength characteristics. "> strength characteristics. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998644/self-cured-alkali-activated-slag-concrete-mixes-an-experimental-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998644/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998644/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998644/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998644/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998644/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998644/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998644/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998644/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998644/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998644/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998644.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3045</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Flexural Strength and Ductility Improvement of NSC beams</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jun%20Peng">Jun Peng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Johnny%20Ching%20Ming%20Ho"> Johnny Ching Ming Ho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to calculate the flexural strength of normal-strength concrete (NSC) beams, the nonlinear actual concrete stress distribution within the compression zone is normally replaced by an equivalent rectangular stress block, with two coefficients of 伪 and 尾 to regulate the intensity and depth of the equivalent stress respectively. For NSC beams design, 伪 and 尾 are usually assumed constant as 0.85 and 0.80 in reinforced concrete (RC) codes. From an earlier investigation of the authors, 伪 is not a constant but significantly affected by flexural strain gradient, and increases with the increasing of strain gradient till a maximum value. It indicates that larger concrete stress can be developed in flexure than that stipulated by design codes. As an extension and application of the authors- previous study, the modified equivalent concrete stress block is used here to produce a series of design charts showing the maximum design limits of flexural strength and ductility of singly- and doubly- NSC beams, through which both strength and ductility design limits are improved by taking into account strain gradient effect. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Concrete%20beam" title="Concrete beam">Concrete beam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ductility" title=" Ductility"> Ductility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Equivalent%20concrete%20stress" title=" Equivalent concrete stress"> Equivalent concrete stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Normal%20strength" title="Normal strength">Normal strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Strain%20gradient" title=" Strain gradient"> Strain gradient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Strength" title=" Strength"> Strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2933/flexural-strength-and-ductility-improvement-of-nsc-beams" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2933/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2933/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2933/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2933/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2933/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2933/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2933/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2933/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2933/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2933/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2933.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1696</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Determining the Mode II Intra-Ply Energy Release Rate of Composites Made of Prepreg</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Philip%20Rose">Philip Rose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Markus%20Linke"> Markus Linke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=David%20Busquets"> David Busquets</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The distinction between interlaminar and intralaminar fracture toughness is challenging. For loading mode I, the double cantilever beam specimens were often used for the interlaminar fracture toughness and the compact tension specimen for the intralaminar fracture toughness. For the analysis of interlaminar properties regarding energy release under different loading modes, the geometry of the DCB specimen can also be tested under three-point bending for Mode II characteristics. The same specimen can also be tested with defined superimposed loading conditions (mixed mode) using the Mixed Mode Bending test apparatus. However, this approach has not been applicable for intralaminar characteristics, as crack initiation in a single layer for laminates made out of prepreg, has not been feasible. The method presented in this work enables differentiation of interlaminar and intralaminar energy release rates in Mode II loading with nearly identical specimen geometry. With this, a practically identical energy release rate is observed in Mode II for the investigated material IM7/8552.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fibre%20reinforced%20plastics" title="Fibre reinforced plastics">Fibre reinforced plastics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=end-notched%20flexure" title=" end-notched flexure"> end-notched flexure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=energy%20release%20rate" title=" energy release rate"> energy release rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fracture%20toughness" title=" fracture toughness"> fracture toughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=intralaminar" title=" intralaminar"> intralaminar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=interlaminar." title=" interlaminar."> interlaminar.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013404/determining-the-mode-ii-intra-ply-energy-release-rate-of-composites-made-of-prepreg" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013404/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013404/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013404/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013404/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013404/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013404/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013404/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013404/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013404/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013404/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013404.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">233</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> A Study on the Comparison of Mechanical and Thermal Properties According to Laminated Orientation of CFRP through Bending Test</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hee%20Jae%20Shin">Hee Jae Shin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Lee%20Ku%20Kwac"> Lee Ku Kwac</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=In%20Pyo%20Cha"> In Pyo Cha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Min%20Sang%20Lee"> Min Sang Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hyun%20Kyung%20Yoon"> Hyun Kyung Yoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hong%20Gun%20Kim"> Hong Gun Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In rapid industrial development, the demand for high-strength and lightweight materials have been increased. Thus, various CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics) with composite materials are being used. The design variables of CFRP are its lamination direction, order and thickness. Thus, the hardness and strength of CFRP depends much on their design variables. In this paper, the lamination direction of CFRP was used to produce a symmetrical ply [0°/0°, -15°/+15°, -30°/+30°, -45°/+45°, -60°/+60°, -75°/+75° and 90°/90°] and an asymmetrical ply [0°/15°, 0°/30°, 0°/45°, 0°/60° 0°/75° and 0°/90°]. The bending flexure stress of the CFRP specimen was evaluated through a bending test. Its thermal property was measured using an infrared camera. The symmetrical specimen and the asymmetrical specimen were analyzed. The results showed that the asymmetrical specimen increased the bending loads according to the increase in the orientation angle; and from 0°, the symmetrical specimen showed a tendency opposite the asymmetrical tendency because the tensile force of fiber differs at the vertical direction of its load. Also, the infrared camera showed that the thermal property had a trend similar to that of the mechanical properties.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Carbon%20Fiber%20Reinforced%20Plastic%20%28CFRP%29" title="Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP)">Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bending%0D%0ATest" title=" Bending Test"> Bending Test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Infrared%20Camera" title=" Infrared Camera"> Infrared Camera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Composite." title=" Composite."> Composite.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000684/a-study-on-the-comparison-of-mechanical-and-thermal-properties-according-to-laminated-orientation-of-cfrp-through-bending-test" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000684/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000684/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000684/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000684/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000684/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000684/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000684/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000684/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000684/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000684/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000684.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2041</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Development of Combined Cure Type for Rigid Pavement with Reactive Powder Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fatih%20Hattatoglu">Fatih Hattatoglu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abdulrezzak%20Baki%C5%9F"> Abdulrezzak Baki艧</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this study, fiberless reactive powder concrete (RPC) was produced with high pressure and flexural strength. C30/37 concrete was chosen as the control sample. In this study, 9 different cure types were applied to fiberless RPC. the most suitable combined cure type was selected according to the pressure and flexure strength. Pressure and flexural strength tests were applied to these samples after curing. As a result of the study, the combined cure type with the highest pressure resistance was obtained. The highest pressure resistance was achieved with consecutive standard water cure at 20 °C for 7 days – hot water cure at 90 °C for 2 days - drying oven cure at 180 °C for 2 days. As a result of the study, the highest pressure resistance of fiberless RPC was found as 123 MPa with water cure at 20 °C for 7 days - hot water cure at 90 °C for 2 days - drying oven cure at 180 °C for 2 days; and the highest flexural resistance was found as 8.37 MPa for the same combined cure type.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rigid%20pavement" title="Rigid pavement">Rigid pavement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=reactive%20powder%20concrete" title=" reactive powder concrete"> reactive powder concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=combined%20cure" title=" combined cure"> combined cure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pressure%20test" title=" pressure test"> pressure test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=flexural%20test." title=" flexural test."> flexural test.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004186/development-of-combined-cure-type-for-rigid-pavement-with-reactive-powder-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004186/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004186/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004186/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004186/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004186/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004186/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004186/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004186/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004186/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004186/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004186.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1411</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Fracture Characterization of Plain Woven Fabric Glass-Epoxy Composites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sabita%20Rani%20Sahoo">Sabita Rani Sahoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.Mishra"> A.Mishra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Delamination between layers in composite materials is a major structural failure. The delamination resistance is quantified by the critical strain energy release rate (SERR). The present investigation deals with the strain energy release rate of two woven fabric composites. Materials used are made of two types of glass fiber (360 gsm and 600 gsm) of plain weave and epoxy as matrix. The fracture behavior is studied using the mode I, double cantilever beam test and the mode II, end notched flexure test, in order to determine the energy required for the initiation and growth of an artificial crack. The delamination energy of these two materials is compared in order to study the effect of weave and reinforcement on mechanical properties. The fracture mechanism is also analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It is observed that the plain weave fabric composite with lesser strand width has higher inter laminar fracture properties compared to the plain weave fabric composite with more strand width.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Glass-%20epoxy%20composites" title="Glass- epoxy composites">Glass- epoxy composites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fracture%20Tests%3A%20mode%20I%0D%0A%28DCB%29%20and%20mode%20II%20%28ENF%29" title=" Fracture Tests: mode I (DCB) and mode II (ENF)"> Fracture Tests: mode I (DCB) and mode II (ENF)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Delamination" title=" Delamination"> Delamination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Calculation%20of%20strain%0D%0Aenergy%20release%20rate" title=" Calculation of strain energy release rate"> Calculation of strain energy release rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=SEM%20Analysis" title=" SEM Analysis"> SEM Analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6374/fracture-characterization-of-plain-woven-fabric-glass-epoxy-composites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6374/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6374/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6374/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6374/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6374/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6374/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6374/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6374/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6374/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6374/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6374.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3263</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> On the Exact Solution of Non-Uniform Torsion for Beams with Asymmetric Cross-Section</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.Campanile">A.Campanile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Mandarino"> M. Mandarino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=V.%20Piscopo"> V. Piscopo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper deals with the problem of non-uniform torsion in thin-walled elastic beams with asymmetric cross-section, removing the basic concept of a fixed center of twist, necessary in the Vlasov-s and Benscoter-s theories to obtain a warping stress field equivalent to zero. In this new torsion/flexure theory, despite of the classical ones, the warping function will punctually satisfy the first indefinite equilibrium equation along the beam axis and it wont- be necessary to introduce the classical congruence condition, to take into account the effect of the beam restraints. The solution, based on the Fourier development of the displacement field, is obtained assuming that the applied external torque is constant along the beam axis and on both beam ends the unit twist angle and the warping axial displacement functions are totally restrained. Finally, in order to verify the feasibility of the proposed method and to compare it with the classical theories, two applications are carried out. The first one, relative to an open profile, is necessary to test the numerical method adopted to find the solution; the second one, instead, is relative to a simplified containership section, considered as full restrained in correspondence of two adjacent transverse bulkheads. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Non-uniform%20torsion" title="Non-uniform torsion">Non-uniform torsion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Asymmetric%20cross-section" title=" Asymmetric cross-section"> Asymmetric cross-section</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fourier%20series" title=" Fourier series"> Fourier series</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Helmholtz%20equation" title=" Helmholtz equation"> Helmholtz equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=FE%20method." title=" FE method."> FE method.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11305/on-the-exact-solution-of-non-uniform-torsion-for-beams-with-asymmetric-cross-section" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11305/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11305/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11305/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11305/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11305/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11305/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11305/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11305/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11305/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11305/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11305.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1952</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> An Approximate Lateral-Torsional Buckling Mode Function for Cantilever I-Beams</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.%20Ozbasaran">H. Ozbasaran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lateral torsional buckling is a global buckling mode which should be considered in design of slender structural members under flexure about their strong axis. It is possible to compute the load which causes lateral torsional buckling of a beam by finite element analysis, however, closed form equations are needed in engineering practice for calculation ease which can be obtained by using energy method. In lateral torsional buckling applications of energy method, a proper function for the critical lateral torsional buckling mode should be chosen which can be thought as the variation of twisting angle along the buckled beam. Accuracy of the results depends on how close is the chosen function to the exact mode. Since critical lateral torsional buckling mode of the cantilever I-beams varies due to material properties, section properties and loading case, the hardest step is to determine a proper mode function in application of energy method. This paper presents an approximate function for critical lateral torsional buckling mode of doubly symmetric cantilever I-beams. Coefficient matrices are calculated for concentrated load at free end, uniformly distributed load and constant moment along the beam cases. Critical lateral torsional buckling modes obtained by presented function and exact solutions are compared. It is found that the modes obtained by presented function coincide with differential equation solutions for considered loading cases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Buckling%20mode" title="Buckling mode">Buckling mode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cantilever" title=" cantilever"> cantilever</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=lateral-torsional%0D%0Abuckling" title=" lateral-torsional buckling"> lateral-torsional buckling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=I-beam." title=" I-beam."> I-beam.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002842/an-approximate-lateral-torsional-buckling-mode-function-for-cantilever-i-beams" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002842/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002842/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002842/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002842/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002842/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002842/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002842/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002842/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002842/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002842/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002842.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2579</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Experimental Investigation on Shear Behaviour of Fibre Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Steel Fibres</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G.%20Beulah%20Gnana%20Ananthi">G. Beulah Gnana Ananthi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Jaffer%20Sathick"> A. Jaffer Sathick</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Abirami"> M. Abirami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) has been widely used in industrial pavements and non-structural elements such as pipes, culverts, tunnels, and precast elements. The strengthening effect of fibres in the concrete matrix is achieved primarily due to the bridging effect of fibres at the crack interfaces. The workability of the concrete was reduced on addition of high percentages of steel fibres. The optimum percentage of addition of steel fibres varies with its aspect ratio. For this study, 1% addition of steel has resulted to be the optimum percentage for both Hooked and Crimped Steel Fibres and was added to the beam specimens. The fibres restrain efficiently the cracks and take up residual stresses beyond the cracking. In this sense, diagonal cracks are effectively stitched up by fibres crossing it. The failure of beams within the shear failure range changed from shear to flexure in the presence of sufficient steel fibre quantity. The shear strength is increased with the addition of steel fibres and had exceeded the enhancement obtained with the transverse reinforcement. However, such increase is not directly in proportion with the quantity of fibres used. Considering all the clarification made in the present experimental investigation, it is concluded that 1% of crimped steel fibres with an aspect ratio of 50 is the best type of steel fibres for replacement of transverse stirrups in high strength concrete beams when compared to the steel fibres with hooked ends.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fibre%20reinforced%20concrete" title="Fibre reinforced concrete">Fibre reinforced concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=steel%20fibre" title=" steel fibre"> steel fibre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=shear%20strength" title=" shear strength"> shear strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=crack%20pattern." title=" crack pattern. "> crack pattern. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009113/experimental-investigation-on-shear-behaviour-of-fibre-reinforced-concrete-beams-using-steel-fibres" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009113/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009113/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009113/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009113/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009113/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009113/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009113/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009113/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009113/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009113/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009113.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">810</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Overview Studies of High Strength Self-Consolidating Concrete </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Raya%20Harkouss">Raya Harkouss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bilal%20Hamad"> Bilal Hamad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Self-Consolidating Concrete (SCC) is considered as a relatively new technology created as an effective solution to problems associated with low quality consolidation. A SCC mix is defined as successful if it flows freely and cohesively without the intervention of mechanical compaction. The construction industry is showing high tendency to use SCC in many contemporary projects to benefit from the various advantages offered by this technology.</p> <p>At this point, a main question is raised regarding the effect of enhanced fluidity of SCC on the structural behavior of high strength self-consolidating reinforced concrete.</p> <p>A three phase research program was conducted at the American University of Beirut (AUB) to address this concern. The first two phases consisted of comparative studies conducted on concrete and mortar mixes prepared with second generation Sulphonated Naphtalene-based superplasticizer (SNF) or third generation Polycarboxylate Ethers-based superplasticizer (PCE). The third phase of the research program investigates and compares the structural performance of high strength reinforced concrete beam specimens prepared with two different generations of superplasticizers that formed the unique variable between the concrete mixes. The beams were designed to test and exhibit flexure, shear, or bond splitting failure.</p> <p>The outcomes of the experimental work revealed comparable resistance of beam specimens cast using self-compacting concrete and conventional vibrated concrete. The dissimilarities in the experimental values between the SCC and the control VC beams were minimal, leading to a conclusion, that the high consistency of SCC has little effect on the flexural, shear and bond strengths of concrete members.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Self-consolidating%20concrete%20%28SCC%29" title="Self-consolidating concrete (SCC)">Self-consolidating concrete (SCC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=high-strength%20concrete" title=" high-strength concrete"> high-strength concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=concrete%20admixtures" title=" concrete admixtures"> concrete admixtures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=mechanical%20properties%20of%20hardened%20SCC" title=" mechanical properties of hardened SCC"> mechanical properties of hardened SCC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=structural%20behavior%20of%20reinforced%20concrete%20beams." title=" structural behavior of reinforced concrete beams."> structural behavior of reinforced concrete beams.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998480/overview-studies-of-high-strength-self-consolidating-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998480/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998480/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998480/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998480/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998480/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998480/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998480/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998480/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998480/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998480/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998480.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2979</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Flexural Performance of the Sandwich Structures Having Aluminum Foam Core with Different Thicknesses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Emre%20Kara">Emre Kara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmet%20F.%20Geylan"> Ahmet F. Geylan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kadir%20Ko%C3%A7"> Kadir Ko莽</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=%C5%9Eura%20Karakuzu"> 艦ura Karakuzu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Metehan%20Demir"> Metehan Demir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Halil%20Aykul"> Halil Aykul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The structures obtained with the use of sandwich technologies combine low weight with high energy absorbing capacity and load carrying capacity. Hence, there is a growing and markedly interest in the use of sandwiches with aluminum foam core because of very good properties such as flexural rigidity and energy absorption capability. In the current investigation, the static threepoint bending tests were carried out on the sandwiches with aluminum foam core and glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) skins at different values of support span distances aiming the analyses of their flexural performance. The influence of the core thickness and the GFRP skin type was reported in terms of peak load and energy absorption capacity. For this purpose, the skins with two different types of fabrics which have same thickness value and the aluminum foam core with two different thicknesses were bonded with a commercial polyurethane based flexible adhesive in order to combine the composite sandwich panels. The main results of the bending tests are: force-displacement curves, peak force values, absorbed energy, collapse mechanisms and the effect of the support span length and core thickness. The results of the experimental study showed that the sandwich with the skins made of S-Glass Woven fabrics and with the thicker foam core presented higher mechanical values such as load carrying and energy absorption capacities. The increment of the support span distance generated the decrease of the mechanical values for each type of panels, as expected, because of the inverse proportion between the force and span length. The most common failure types of the sandwiches are debonding of the lower skin and the core shear. The obtained results have particular importance for applications that require lightweight structures with a high capacity of energy dissipation, such as the transport industry (automotive, aerospace, shipbuilding and marine industry), where the problems of collision and crash have increased in the last years. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Aluminum%20foam" title="Aluminum foam">Aluminum foam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Composite%20panel" title=" Composite panel"> Composite panel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Flexure" title=" Flexure"> Flexure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Transport%20application." title=" Transport application."> Transport application.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001415/flexural-performance-of-the-sandwich-structures-having-aluminum-foam-core-with-different-thicknesses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001415/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001415/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001415/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001415/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001415/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001415/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001415/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001415/ris" target="_blank" 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