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class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Argentina_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Argentina (disambiguation)">Argentina (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"The Argentine" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Argentine_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Argentine (disambiguation)">Argentine (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"República Argentina" redirects here. For the metro station, see <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Argentina_(Madrid_Metro)" title="República Argentina (Madrid Metro)">República Argentina (Madrid Metro)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style>Argentina,<a href="#cite_note-18">[a]</a> officially the Argentine Republic,<a href="#cite_note-19">[b]</a> is a country in the southern half of <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a>. Argentina covers an area of 2,780,400 km2 (1,073,500 sq mi),<a href="#cite_note-excl_area-11">[B]</a> making it the <a href="/wiki/List_of_South_American_countries_by_area" title="List of South American countries by area">second-largest country in South America</a> after <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, the fourth-largest country in the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">eighth-largest country</a> in the world. It shares the bulk of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Cone" title="Southern Cone">Southern Cone</a> with <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> to the west, and is also bordered by <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a> to the north, Brazil to the northeast, <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> and the South <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> to the east, and the <a href="/wiki/Drake_Passage" title="Drake Passage">Drake Passage</a> to the south. Argentina is a <a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">federal state</a> subdivided into twenty-three <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Argentina" title="Provinces of Argentina">provinces</a>, and one <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_city" title="Autonomous city">autonomous city</a>, which is the <a href="/wiki/Federal_capital" title="Federal capital">federal capital</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Argentina_by_population" title="List of cities in Argentina by population">largest city</a> of the nation, <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>. The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions, but exist under a <a href="/wiki/Federalism" title="Federalism">federal system</a>. Argentina claims sovereignty over the <a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands_sovereignty_dispute" title="Falkland Islands sovereignty dispute">Falkland Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands_sovereignty_dispute" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands sovereignty dispute">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Patagonian_Ice_Field_dispute" title="Southern Patagonian Ice Field dispute">Southern Patagonian Ice Field</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Antarctica" title="Argentine Antarctica">a part of Antarctica</a>. <table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Argentine Republic<a href="#cite_note-altnames-2">[A]</a></div><div class="ib-country-names">República Argentina (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Argentina.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Argentina"><img alt="Flag of Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/125px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/188px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/250px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500"></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Argentina" title="Flag of Argentina">Flag</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Argentina.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Argentina"><img alt="Coat of arms of Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Coat_of_arms_of_Argentina.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Coat_of_arms_of_Argentina.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Coat_of_arms_of_Argentina.svg/160px-Coat_of_arms_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1052"></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Argentina" title="Coat of arms of Argentina"> Coat of arms</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul style="line-height:125%;"><li>"<a href="/wiki/En_uni%C3%B3n_y_libertad" title="En unión y libertad">En unión y libertad</a>"</li><li>("In Unity and Freedom")</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem">Anthem: <a href="/wiki/Argentine_National_Anthem" title="Argentine National Anthem">Himno Nacional Argentino</a> ("Argentine National Anthem") <div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="214" data-mwtitle="United_States_Navy_Band_-_Himno_Nacional_Argentino.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/United_States_Navy_Band_-_Himno_Nacional_Argentino.ogg" type='audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"' data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/United_States_Navy_Band_-_Himno_Nacional_Argentino.ogg/United_States_Navy_Band_-_Himno_Nacional_Argentino.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Himno_Nacional_Argentino.ogg&lang=ca&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ca" label="català ‪(ca)‬" data-dir="ltr"></track><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Himno_Nacional_Argentino.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr"></track><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Himno_Nacional_Argentino.ogg&lang=eo&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="eo" label="Esperanto ‪(eo)‬" data-dir="ltr"></track><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Himno_Nacional_Argentino.ogg&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr"></track><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Himno_Nacional_Argentino.ogg&lang=ja&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ja" label="日本語 ‪(ja)‬" data-dir="ltr"></track><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Himno_Nacional_Argentino.ogg&lang=ko&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ko" label="한국어 ‪(ko)‬" data-dir="ltr"></track><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Himno_Nacional_Argentino.ogg&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr"></track></audio></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Sol_de_Mayo" class="mw-redirect" title="Sol de Mayo">Sol de Mayo</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrow1992457Kopka20115-3">[2]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(Sun of May) <a href="/wiki/Sol_de_Mayo" title="Sol de Mayo"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Sol_de_Mayo-Bandera_de_Argentina.svg/100px-Sol_de_Mayo-Bandera_de_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Sol_de_Mayo-Bandera_de_Argentina.svg/150px-Sol_de_Mayo-Bandera_de_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Sol_de_Mayo-Bandera_de_Argentina.svg/200px-Sol_de_Mayo-Bandera_de_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="504" data-file-height="504"></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:ARG_orthographic_(%2Ball_claims).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Argentine territory in dark green; territory claimed but not controlled by Argentina in light green"><img alt="Argentine territory in dark green; territory claimed but not controlled by Argentina in light green" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/ARG_orthographic_%28%2Ball_claims%29.svg/220px-ARG_orthographic_%28%2Ball_claims%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/ARG_orthographic_%28%2Ball_claims%29.svg/330px-ARG_orthographic_%28%2Ball_claims%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/ARG_orthographic_%28%2Ball_claims%29.svg/440px-ARG_orthographic_%28%2Ball_claims%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="551" data-file-height="551"></a><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Argentine territory in dark green; <a href="/wiki/Category:Territorial_disputes_of_Argentina" title="Category:Territorial disputes of Argentina">territory claimed but not controlled</a> by Argentina in light green</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital<div class="ib-country-largest">and largest city</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Argentina&params=34_36_S_58_23_W_type:city">34°36′S 58°23′W / 34.600°S 58.383°W / -34.600; -58.383</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rioplatense_Spanish" title="Rioplatense Spanish">Spanish</a> (de facto)<a href="#cite_note-note-lang-4">[a]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Co-official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guarani_language" title="Guarani language">Guaraní</a> in <a href="/wiki/Corrientes_Province" title="Corrientes Province">Corrientes</a><a href="#cite_note-Corrientes-5598-5">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Quechua" title="Southern Quechua">Quechua</a> in <a href="/wiki/Santiago_del_Estero_Province" title="Santiago del Estero Province">Santiago del Estero</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[4]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toba_Qom_language" title="Toba Qom language">Qom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mocov%C3%AD_language" title="Mocoví language">Mocoví</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wich%C3%AD_languages" title="Wichí languages">Wichí</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chaco_Province" title="Chaco Province">Chaco</a><a href="#cite_note-kom-7">[5]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patagonian_Welsh" title="Patagonian Welsh">Welsh</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chubut_Province" title="Chubut Province">Chubut</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[6]</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"> (2019)<a href="#cite_note-9">[7]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li>78.2% <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> <ul><li>62.9% <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Argentina" title="Catholic Church in Argentina">Catholicism</a></li> <li>15.3% other <a href="/wiki/Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian">Christian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></li><li>20.5% <a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Latin_America" title="Irreligion in Latin America">no religion</a></li><li>1.3% other</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentines" title="Argentines">Argentine</a></li><li>Argentinian</li><li>Argentinean (uncommon)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Argentina" title="Politics of Argentina">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Federal_republic" title="Federal republic">Federal</a> presidential republic</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/President_of_Argentina" title="President of Argentina">President</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Javier_Milei" title="Javier Milei">Javier Milei</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_Argentina" title="List of vice presidents of Argentina">Vice President</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Villarruel" title="Victoria Villarruel">Victoria Villarruel</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Cabinet_of_Ministers" title="Chief of the Cabinet of Ministers">Chief of the Cabinet of Ministers</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Guillermo_Francos" title="Guillermo Francos">Guillermo Francos</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Argentine_Chamber_of_Deputies" title="List of presidents of the Argentine Chamber of Deputies">President of the Chamber of Deputies</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_Menem" title="Martín Menem">Martín Menem</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Argentina" title="Supreme Court of Argentina">President of Supreme Court</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Horacio_Rosatti" title="Horacio Rosatti">Horacio Rosatti</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Argentina" title="National Congress of Argentina">National Congress</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">Upper house</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Senate" title="Argentine Senate">Senate</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">Lower house</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Chamber_of_Deputies" title="Argentine Chamber of Deputies">Chamber of Deputies</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Argentine_War_of_Independence" title="Argentine War of Independence">Independence</a> <div class="ib-country-sovereignty">from <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spain</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/May_Revolution" title="May Revolution">May Revolution</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">25 May 1810</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Argentine Declaration of Independence">Declared</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">9 July 1816</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Argentina" title="Constitution of Argentina">Constitution</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1 May 1853</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Argentina" title="Geography of Argentina">Area </a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,780,400 km2 (1,073,500 sq mi)<a href="#cite_note-excl_area-11">[B]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">8th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Water (%)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1.57</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Argentina" title="Demographics of Argentina">Population</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2024 estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Neutral increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/11px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/17px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/22px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="346"> 47,067,441<a href="#cite_note-12">[9]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">32nd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2022 census</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Neutral increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/11px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/17px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/22px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="346"> 46,044,703<a href="#cite_note-P12-CENSO-13">[10]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">32nd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">16.6/km2 (43.0/sq mi)<a href="#cite_note-totalpop-10">[8]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density" title="List of countries and dependencies by population density">178th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">2024 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> $1.354 trillion<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.AR-14">[11]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">30th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> $28,704<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.AR-14">[11]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">69th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(nominal)</th><td class="infobox-data">2024 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> $604.382 billion<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.AR-14">[11]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">24th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> $12,814<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.AR-14">[11]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita">71st</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gini_coefficient" title="Gini coefficient">Gini</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2022)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> 40.7<a href="#cite_note-gini-15">[12]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style>medium inequality</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2022)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> 0.849<a href="#cite_note-UNHDR-16">[13]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">very high (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">48th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Argentine_peso" title="Argentine peso">Argentine peso</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dollar_sign" title="Dollar sign">$</a>) (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">ARS</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time zone</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>−3 (<a href="/wiki/Time_in_Argentina" title="Time in Argentina">ART</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date format</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="day">dd</abbr>/<abbr title="month">mm</abbr>/<abbr title="year">yyyy</abbr> (<a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">CE</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Left-_and_right-hand_traffic" title="Left- and right-hand traffic">Drives on</a></th><td class="infobox-data">right<a href="#cite_note-note-train-17">[b]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Argentina" title="Telephone numbers in Argentina">Calling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%2B54" class="mw-redirect" title="+54">+54</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:AR" title="ISO 3166-2:AR">AR</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Internet TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.ar" title=".ar">.ar</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="ib-country-fn"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-note-lang-4"><a href="#cite_ref-note-lang_4-0">^</a> Though not declared official <a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a>, the Spanish language is the only one used in the wording of laws, decrees, resolutions, official documents and public acts thus making it the <a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a> official language. </li> <li id="cite_note-note-train-17"><a href="#cite_ref-note-train_17-0">^</a> Since 10 June 1945, but trains are still driven on left. </li> </ol></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The earliest recorded human presence in modern-day Argentina dates back to the <a href="/wiki/Paleolithic" title="Paleolithic">Paleolithic</a> period.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbad_de_Santill%C3%A1n197117-20">[14]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire" title="Inca Empire">Inca Empire</a> expanded to the northwest of the country in Pre-Columbian times. The country has its roots in <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish colonization</a> of the region during the 16th century.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrow1992128-21">[15]</a> Argentina rose as the successor state of the <a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata" title="Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata">Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevene194811S%C3%A1nchez_Viamonte1948196%E2%80%9397Vanossi196411-22">[16]</a> a Spanish <a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty" title="Viceroyalty">overseas viceroyalty</a> founded in 1776. The <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Argentine Declaration of Independence">declaration</a> and <a href="/wiki/Argentine_War_of_Independence" title="Argentine War of Independence">fight for independence</a> (1810–1818) was followed by an <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Civil_Wars" title="Argentine Civil Wars">extended civil war</a> that lasted until 1861, culminating in the country's reorganization as a <a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">federation</a>. The country thereafter enjoyed relative peace and stability, with <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Argentina" title="Immigration to Argentina">several waves of European immigration</a>, mainly <a href="/wiki/Italian_Argentines" title="Italian Argentines">Italians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Argentines" title="Spanish Argentines">Spaniards</a>, influencing its <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Argentina" title="Culture of Argentina">culture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Argentina" title="Demographics of Argentina">demography</a>.<a href="#cite_note-23">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-LaMatanza-24">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[20]</a> Following the death of President <a href="/wiki/Juan_Per%C3%B3n" title="Juan Perón">Juan Perón</a> in 1974, his widow and vice president, <a href="/wiki/Isabel_Per%C3%B3n" title="Isabel Perón">Isabel Perón</a>, ascended to the presidency, before being overthrown <a href="/wiki/1976_Argentine_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1976 Argentine coup d'état">in 1976</a>. The following <a href="/wiki/National_Reorganization_Process" title="National Reorganization Process">military junta</a>, which was supported by the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, persecuted and murdered thousands of political critics, activists, and leftists in the <a href="/wiki/Dirty_War" title="Dirty War">Dirty War</a>, a period of <a href="/wiki/State_terrorism" title="State terrorism">state terrorism</a> and civil unrest that lasted until the election of <a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Alfons%C3%ADn" title="Raúl Alfonsín">Raúl Alfonsín</a> as president in <a href="/wiki/1983_Argentine_general_election" title="1983 Argentine general election">1983</a>. Argentina is a <a href="/wiki/Regional_power" title="Regional power">regional power</a>, and retains its historic status as a <a href="/wiki/Middle_power" title="Middle power">middle power</a> in international affairs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWood198818Solomon19973-27">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHuntington20006Nierop200161Lake200955Papadopoulos2010283Malamud20119Boughton2012101-28">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris198863AdlerGreve200978Ruiz-DanaGoldschagClaroBlanco200918-29">[23]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Major_non-NATO_ally" title="Major non-NATO ally">major non-NATO ally</a> of the United States,<a href="#cite_note-Major_Non-NATO_Ally_Status-30">[24]</a> Argentina is a <a href="/wiki/Developing_country" title="Developing country">developing country</a> with the second-highest <a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> (human development index) in <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a> after <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>.<a href="#cite_note-31">[25]</a> It maintains the <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Argentina" title="Economy of Argentina">second-largest economy</a> in South America, and is a member of <a href="/wiki/Group_of_15" title="Group of 15">G-15</a> and <a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">G20</a>. Argentina is also a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Bank_Group" title="World Bank Group">World Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mercosur" title="Mercosur">Mercosur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Community_of_Latin_American_and_Caribbean_States" title="Community of Latin American and Caribbean States">Community of Latin American and Caribbean States</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Ibero-American_States" title="Organization of Ibero-American States">Organization of Ibero-American States</a>. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Etymology">1 Etymology</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#History">2 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Pre-Columbian_era">2.1 Pre-Columbian era</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Colonial_era">2.2 Colonial era</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Independence_and_civil_wars">2.3 Independence and civil wars</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Rise_of_the_modern_nation">2.4 Rise of the modern nation</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Peronist_years">2.5 Peronist years</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Revoluci%C3%B3n_Libertadora">2.6 Revolución Libertadora</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Per%C3%B3n's_return_and_death">2.7 Perón's return and death</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#National_Reorganization_Process">2.8 National Reorganization Process</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Return_to_democracy">2.9 Return to democracy</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Geography">3 Geography</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Biodiversity">3.1 Biodiversity</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Climate">3.2 Climate</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Politics">4 Politics</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Government">4.1 Government</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Provinces">4.2 Provinces</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Foreign_relations">4.3 Foreign relations</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Armed_forces">4.4 Armed forces</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#Economy">5 Economy</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Tourism">5.1 Tourism</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#Transport">5.2 Transport</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#Energy">5.3 Energy</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Science_and_technology">5.4 Science and technology</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="#Demographics">6 Demographics</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#Ethnography">6.1 Ethnography</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#Languages">6.2 Languages</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#Religion">6.3 Religion</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="#Health">6.4 Health</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="#Education">6.5 Education</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="#Urbanization">6.6 Urbanization</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-32"><a href="#Culture">7 Culture</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="#Literature">7.1 Literature</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="#Music">7.2 Music</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-35"><a href="#Theatre_and_cinema">7.3 Theatre and cinema</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-36"><a href="#Visual_arts_and_architecture">7.4 Visual arts and architecture</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-37"><a href="#Mass_media">7.5 Mass media</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38"><a href="#Cuisine">7.6 Cuisine</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39"><a href="#Sport">7.7 Sport</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-40"><a href="#See_also">8 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-41"><a href="#Notes">9 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-42"><a href="#References">10 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-43"><a href="#Bibliography">11 Bibliography</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-44"><a href="#Legal_documents">11.1 Legal documents</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-45"><a href="#Articles">11.2 Articles</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-46"><a href="#Books">11.3 Books</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-47"><a href="#Further_reading">12 Further reading</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-48"><a href="#External_links">13 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Etymology_of_Argentina" title="Etymology of Argentina">Etymology of Argentina</a></div> The description of the region by the word Argentina has been found on a <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venetian</a> map in 1536.<a href="#cite_note-32">[26]</a> In English, the name Argentina comes from the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish language</a>; however, the naming itself is not Spanish, but <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>. Argentina (<a href="/wiki/Grammatical_gender" title="Grammatical gender">masculine</a> argentino) means in Italian '(made) of silver, silver coloured', derived from the Latin argentum for silver. In Italian, the adjective or the <a href="/wiki/Proper_noun" title="Proper noun">proper noun</a> is often used in an autonomous way as a substantive and replaces it and it is said l'Argentina. The name Argentina was probably first given by the Venetian and Genoese navigators, such as <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Caboto" class="mw-redirect" title="Giovanni Caboto">Giovanni Caboto</a>. In Spanish and Portuguese, the words for 'silver' are respectively plata and prata and '(made) of silver' is plateado and prateado, although argento for 'silver' and argentado for 'covered in silver' exist in Spanish. Argentina was first associated with the <a href="/wiki/Sierra_de_la_Plata" title="Sierra de la Plata">silver mountains legend</a>, widespread among the first European explorers of the <a href="/wiki/La_Plata_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="La Plata Basin">La Plata Basin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERock19876,_8Edwards20087-33">[27]</a> The first written use of the name in Spanish can be traced to <a href="/wiki/La_Argentina_(poem)" title="La Argentina (poem)">La Argentina</a>,<a href="#cite_note-34">[C]</a> a 1602 poem by <a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_del_Barco_Centenera" title="Martín del Barco Centenera">Martín del Barco Centenera</a> describing the region.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETraba198515,_71-35">[28]</a> Although "Argentina" was already in common usage by the 18th century, the country was formally named "<a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata" title="Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata">Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata</a>" by the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a>, and "<a href="/wiki/United_Provinces_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata" title="United Provinces of the Río de la Plata">United Provinces of the Río de la Plata</a>" after independence. The <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Constitution_of_1826" title="Argentine Constitution of 1826">1826 constitution</a> included the first use of the name "Argentine Republic" in legal documents.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentina1826,_art._1-36">[29]</a> The name "Argentine Confederation" was also commonly used and was formalized in the <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Constitution_of_1853" title="Argentine Constitution of 1853">Argentine Constitution of 1853</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentina1853,_Preamble-37">[30]</a> In 1860 a presidential decree settled the country's name as "Argentine Republic",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosenblat196478-38">[31]</a> and that year's constitutional amendment ruled all the names since 1810 as legally valid.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentina1860_amd.,_art._35-39">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[D]</a> In <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, the country was traditionally called "the Argentine", mimicking the typical <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> usage la Argentina<a href="#cite_note-41">[33]</a> and perhaps resulting from a mistaken shortening of the fuller name 'Argentine Republic'. 'The Argentine' fell out of fashion during the mid-to-late 20th century, and now the country is referred to as "Argentina". </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Argentina" title="History of Argentina">History of Argentina</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-Columbian_era">Pre-Columbian era</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Argentina" title="Indigenous peoples in Argentina">Indigenous peoples in Argentina</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cueva_de_las_Manos_(6811931046).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Cueva_de_las_Manos_%286811931046%29.jpg/220px-Cueva_de_las_Manos_%286811931046%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2248"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 124px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Cueva_de_las_Manos_%286811931046%29.jpg/220px-Cueva_de_las_Manos_%286811931046%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="124" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Cueva_de_las_Manos_%286811931046%29.jpg/330px-Cueva_de_las_Manos_%286811931046%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Cueva_de_las_Manos_%286811931046%29.jpg/440px-Cueva_de_las_Manos_%286811931046%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Cueva_de_las_Manos" title="Cueva de las Manos">Cave of the Hands</a> in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_province,_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Cruz province, Argentina">Santa Cruz province</a></figcaption></figure> The earliest traces of human life in the area now known as Argentina are dated from the <a href="/wiki/Paleolithic" title="Paleolithic">Paleolithic</a> period, with further traces in the <a href="/wiki/Mesolithic" title="Mesolithic">Mesolithic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbad_de_Santill%C3%A1n197117-20">[14]</a> Until the period of European colonization, Argentina was relatively sparsely populated by a wide number of diverse cultures with different social organizations,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdwards200812-42">[34]</a> which can be divided into three main groups.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbad_de_Santill%C3%A1n197118%E2%80%9319-43">[35]</a> The first group are basic hunters and food gatherers without the development of <a href="/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">pottery</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Selk%27nam_people" title="Selk'nam people">Selk'nam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yaghan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaghan people">Yaghan</a> in the extreme south. The second group are advanced hunters and food gatherers which include the <a href="/wiki/Puelche_people" title="Puelche people">Puelche</a>, <a href="/wiki/Querand%C3%AD" title="Querandí">Querandí</a> and Serranos in the centre-east; and the <a href="/wiki/Tehuelche_people" title="Tehuelche people">Tehuelche</a> in the south—all of them conquered by the <a href="/wiki/Mapuche" title="Mapuche">Mapuche</a> spreading from <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdwards200813-44">[36]</a>—and the <a href="/wiki/Kom_people_(South_America)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kom people (South America)">Kom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wichi" class="mw-redirect" title="Wichi">Wichi</a> in the north. The last group are farmers with pottery, such as the <a href="/wiki/Charr%C3%BAa" title="Charrúa">Charrúa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minuane" title="Minuane">Minuane</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guaran%C3%AD_people" title="Guaraní people">Guaraní</a> in the northeast, with <a href="/wiki/Slash_and_burn_agriculture" class="mw-redirect" title="Slash and burn agriculture">slash and burn</a> semisedentary existence;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdwards200812-42">[34]</a> the advanced <a href="/wiki/Diaguita" title="Diaguita">Diaguita</a> sedentary <a href="/wiki/Trade" title="Trade">trading culture</a> in the northwest, which was conquered by the <a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire" title="Inca Empire">Inca Empire</a> around 1480; the <a href="/wiki/Toconot%C3%A9" title="Toconoté">Toconoté</a> and <a href="/wiki/Comechingones" class="mw-redirect" title="Comechingones">Hênîa and Kâmîare</a> in the country's centre, and the <a href="/wiki/Huarpe" title="Huarpe">Huarpe</a> in the centre-west, a culture that raised <a href="/wiki/Llama" title="Llama">llama</a> cattle and was strongly influenced by the Incas.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdwards200812-42">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonial_era">Colonial era</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Argentina" title="Colonial Argentina">Colonial Argentina</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Spanish colonization of the Americas">Spanish colonization of the Americas</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Reconquista_de_Buenos_Aires.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="Painting showing the surrender during the British invasions of the Río de la Plata." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/74/La_Reconquista_de_Buenos_Aires.jpg/220px-La_Reconquista_de_Buenos_Aires.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="857"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/74/La_Reconquista_de_Buenos_Aires.jpg/220px-La_Reconquista_de_Buenos_Aires.jpg" data-alt="Painting showing the surrender during the British invasions of the Río de la Plata." data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/74/La_Reconquista_de_Buenos_Aires.jpg/330px-La_Reconquista_de_Buenos_Aires.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/74/La_Reconquista_de_Buenos_Aires.jpg/440px-La_Reconquista_de_Buenos_Aires.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The surrender of Beresford to <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Liniers" class="mw-redirect" title="Santiago de Liniers">Santiago de Liniers</a> during the <a href="/wiki/British_invasions_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata" class="mw-redirect" title="British invasions of the Río de la Plata">British invasions of the Río de la Plata</a></figcaption></figure> Europeans first arrived in the region with the 1502 voyage of <a href="/wiki/Amerigo_Vespucci_(explorer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Amerigo Vespucci (explorer)">Amerigo Vespucci</a>. The Spanish navigators <a href="/wiki/Juan_D%C3%ADaz_de_Sol%C3%ADs" title="Juan Díaz de Solís">Juan Díaz de Solís</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Cabot_(explorer)" title="Sebastian Cabot (explorer)">Sebastian Cabot</a> visited the territory that is now Argentina in 1516 and 1526, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrow1992128-21">[15]</a> In 1536 <a href="/wiki/Pedro_de_Mendoza" title="Pedro de Mendoza">Pedro de Mendoza</a> founded the small settlement of <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>, which was abandoned in 1541.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrow1992129%E2%80%9332-45">[37]</a> Further colonization efforts came from <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a>—establishing the <a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata" title="Governorate of the Río de la Plata">Governorate of the Río de la Plata</a>—<a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> and Chile.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbad_de_Santill%C3%A1n197196%E2%80%93140-46">[38]</a> <a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Aguirre_(conquistador)" title="Francisco de Aguirre (conquistador)">Francisco de Aguirre</a> founded <a href="/wiki/Santiago_del_Estero" title="Santiago del Estero">Santiago del Estero</a> in 1553. <a href="/wiki/Londres,_Catamarca" title="Londres, Catamarca">Londres</a> was founded in 1558; <a href="/wiki/Mendoza,_Argentina" title="Mendoza, Argentina">Mendoza</a>, in 1561; <a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Argentina" title="San Juan, Argentina">San Juan</a>, in 1562; <a href="/wiki/San_Miguel_de_Tucum%C3%A1n" title="San Miguel de Tucumán">San Miguel de Tucumán</a>, in 1565.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrow1992353-47">[39]</a> <a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Garay" title="Juan de Garay">Juan de Garay</a> founded <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_Argentina" title="Santa Fe, Argentina">Santa Fe</a> in 1573 and the same year <a href="/wiki/Jer%C3%B3nimo_Luis_de_Cabrera" title="Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera">Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera</a> set up <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Argentina" title="Córdoba, Argentina">Córdoba</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrow1992134-48">[40]</a> Garay went further south to re-found Buenos Aires in 1580.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrow1992135-49">[41]</a> <a href="/wiki/San_Luis,_Argentina" title="San Luis, Argentina">San Luis</a> was established in 1596.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrow1992353-47">[39]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a> subordinated the economic potential of the Argentine territory to the immediate wealth of the silver and gold mines in <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> and Peru, and as such it became part of the <a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_Peru" title="Viceroyalty of Peru">Viceroyalty of Peru</a> until the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata" title="Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata">Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata</a> in 1776 with Buenos Aires as its capital.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrow1992347-50">[42]</a> Buenos Aires repelled <a href="/wiki/British_invasions_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata" class="mw-redirect" title="British invasions of the Río de la Plata">two ill-fated British invasions</a> in 1806 and 1807.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrow1992421-51">[43]</a> The ideas of the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a> and the example of the first <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Revolutions" title="Atlantic Revolutions">Atlantic Revolutions</a> generated criticism of the <a href="/wiki/Absolutist_monarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolutist monarchy">absolutist monarchy</a> that ruled the country. As in the rest of Spanish America, the overthrow of <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_VII_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand VII of Spain">Ferdinand VII</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War">Peninsular War</a> created great concern.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbad_de_Santill%C3%A1n1971194ff-52">[44]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independence_and_civil_wars">Independence and civil wars</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Argentine_War_of_Independence" title="Argentine War of Independence">Argentine War of Independence</a> and <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Civil_Wars" title="Argentine Civil Wars">Argentine Civil Wars</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jos%C3%A9_de_San_Mart%C3%ADn_(retrato,_c.1828).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="Painting of San Martín holding the Argentine flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Jos%C3%A9_de_San_Mart%C3%ADn_%28retrato%2C_c.1828%29.jpg/220px-Jos%C3%A9_de_San_Mart%C3%ADn_%28retrato%2C_c.1828%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="289" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1199" data-file-height="1573"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 289px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Jos%C3%A9_de_San_Mart%C3%ADn_%28retrato%2C_c.1828%29.jpg/220px-Jos%C3%A9_de_San_Mart%C3%ADn_%28retrato%2C_c.1828%29.jpg" data-alt="Painting of San Martín holding the Argentine flag" data-width="220" data-height="289" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Jos%C3%A9_de_San_Mart%C3%ADn_%28retrato%2C_c.1828%29.jpg/330px-Jos%C3%A9_de_San_Mart%C3%ADn_%28retrato%2C_c.1828%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Jos%C3%A9_de_San_Mart%C3%ADn_%28retrato%2C_c.1828%29.jpg/440px-Jos%C3%A9_de_San_Mart%C3%ADn_%28retrato%2C_c.1828%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Portrait of General <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_San_Martin" class="mw-redirect" title="José de San Martin">José de San Martin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libertadores" title="Libertadores">Liberator</a> of Argentina and <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>(expedition)<a href="#cite_note-53">[45]</a></figcaption></figure> Beginning a process from which Argentina was to emerge as successor state to the Viceroyalty,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevene194811S%C3%A1nchez_Viamonte1948196%E2%80%9397Vanossi196411-22">[16]</a> the 1810 <a href="/wiki/May_Revolution" title="May Revolution">May Revolution</a> replaced the viceroy <a href="/wiki/Baltasar_Hidalgo_de_Cisneros" title="Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros">Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Primera_Junta" title="Primera Junta">First Junta</a>, a new government in <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a> made up from locals.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbad_de_Santill%C3%A1n1971194ff-52">[44]</a> In the first clashes of the Independence War the Junta crushed a royalist <a href="/wiki/Liniers_Counter-revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Liniers Counter-revolution">counter-revolution in Córdoba</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERock198781-54">[46]</a> but failed to overcome those of the <a href="/wiki/Banda_Oriental" title="Banda Oriental">Banda Oriental</a>, <a href="/wiki/First_Upper_Peru_campaign" title="First Upper Peru campaign">Upper Peru</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paraguay_campaign" title="Paraguay campaign">Paraguay</a>, which later became independent states.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERock198782%E2%80%9383-55">[47]</a> The French-Argentine <a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_Bouchard" title="Hippolyte Bouchard">Hippolyte Bouchard</a> then brought his fleet to wage war against Spain overseas and attacked <a href="/wiki/Spanish_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish California">Spanish California</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Peru" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Peru">Spanish Peru</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Philippines">Spanish Philippines</a>. He secured the allegiance of escaped Filipinos in San Blas who defected from the Spanish to join the Argentine navy, due to common Argentine and Philippine grievances against Spanish colonization.<a href="#cite_note-56">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[49]</a> Jose de San Martin's brother, <a href="/wiki/Juan_Ferm%C3%ADn_de_San_Mart%C3%ADn" title="Juan Fermín de San Martín">Juan Fermín de San Martín</a>, was already in the Philippines and drumming up revolutionary fervor prior to this.<a href="#cite_note-ins-58">[50]</a> At a later date, the Argentine sign of Inca origin, the <a href="/wiki/Sun_of_May" title="Sun of May">Sun of May</a> was adopted as a symbol by the Filipinos in the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Biak-na-Bato" title="Republic of Biak-na-Bato">Philippine Revolution</a> against Spain. He also secured the diplomatic recognition of Argentina from King <a href="/wiki/Kamehameha_I" title="Kamehameha I">Kamehameha I</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Hawaii">Kingdom of Hawaii</a>. Historian Pacho O'Donnell affirms that Hawaii was the first state that recognized Argentina's independence.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Donnell1998-59">[51]</a>He was finally arrested in 1819 by Chilean patriots. Revolutionaries split into two antagonist groups: the <a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Party" title="Unitarian Party">Centralists</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Federales_(Argentina)" class="mw-redirect" title="Federales (Argentina)">Federalists</a>—a move that would define Argentina's first decades of independence.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis200339%E2%80%9340-60">[52]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_Year_XIII" title="Assembly of the Year XIII">Assembly of the Year XIII</a> appointed <a href="/wiki/Gervasio_Antonio_de_Posadas" title="Gervasio Antonio de Posadas">Gervasio Antonio de Posadas</a> as Argentina's first <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Director_of_the_United_Provinces_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata" title="Supreme Director of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata">Supreme Director</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis200339%E2%80%9340-60">[52]</a> On 9 July 1816, the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Tucum%C3%A1n" title="Congress of Tucumán">Congress of Tucumán</a> formalized the <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Argentine Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERock198792Lewis200341-61">[53]</a> which is now celebrated as Independence Day, a national holiday.<a href="#cite_note-62">[54]</a> One year later General <a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_Miguel_de_G%C3%BCemes" title="Martín Miguel de Güemes">Martín Miguel de Güemes</a> stopped royalists on the north, and General <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_San_Mart%C3%ADn" title="José de San Martín">José de San Martín</a>. He joined <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_O%27Higgins" title="Bernardo O'Higgins">Bernardo O'Higgins</a> and they led a combined army <a href="/wiki/Crossing_of_the_Andes" title="Crossing of the Andes">across the Andes</a> and secured the independence of Chile; then it was sent by O'Higgins orders to the Spanish stronghold of <a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a> and proclaimed the <a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Peru" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence of Peru">independence of Peru</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGalasso2011349%E2%80%9353vol._I-63">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[E]</a> In 1819 Buenos Aires enacted a <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Constitution_of_1819" title="Argentine Constitution of 1819">centralist constitution</a> that was soon <a href="/wiki/Repeal" title="Repeal">abrogated</a> by federalists.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis200341-66">[57]</a> Some of the most important figures of Argentine independence made a proposal known as the <a href="/wiki/Inca_plan" title="Inca plan">Inca plan</a> of 1816, which proposed that the <a href="/wiki/United_Provinces_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata" title="United Provinces of the Río de la Plata">United Provinces of the Río de la Plata</a> (Present Argentina) should be a monarchy, led by a descendant of the <a href="/wiki/Sapa_Inca" title="Sapa Inca">Inca</a>. Juan Bautista Túpac Amaru (half-brother of <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BApac_Amaru_II" title="Túpac Amaru II">Túpac Amaru II</a>) was proposed as monarch.<a href="#cite_note-67">[58]</a> Some examples of those who supported this proposal were <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Belgrano" title="Manuel Belgrano">Manuel Belgrano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_San_Mart%C3%ADn" title="José de San Martín">José de San Martín</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_Miguel_de_G%C3%BCemes" title="Martín Miguel de Güemes">Martín Miguel de Güemes</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Tucum%C3%A1n" title="Congress of Tucumán">Congress of Tucumán</a> finally decided to reject the Inca plan, creating instead a republican, centralist state.<a href="#cite_note-68">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[60]</a> The 1820 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cepeda_(1820)" title="Battle of Cepeda (1820)">Battle of Cepeda</a>, fought between the Centralists and the Federalists, resulted in the end of the Supreme Director rule. In 1826 Buenos Aires enacted another <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Constitution_of_1826" title="Argentine Constitution of 1826">centralist constitution</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Bernardino_Rivadavia" title="Bernardino Rivadavia">Bernardino Rivadavia</a> being appointed as the first president of the country. However, the interior provinces soon rose against him, forced his resignation and discarded the constitution.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis200343-70">[61]</a> Centralists and Federalists resumed the civil war; the latter prevailed and formed the <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Confederation" title="Argentine Confederation">Argentine Confederation</a> in 1831, led by <a href="/wiki/Juan_Manuel_de_Rosas" title="Juan Manuel de Rosas">Juan Manuel de Rosas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis200345-71">[62]</a> During his regime he faced a <a href="/wiki/French_blockade_to_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata" class="mw-redirect" title="French blockade to the Río de la Plata">French blockade</a> (1838–1840), the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Confederation" title="War of the Confederation">War of the Confederation</a> (1836–1839), and an <a href="/wiki/Anglo-French_blockade_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata" title="Anglo-French blockade of the Río de la Plata">Anglo-French blockade</a> (1845–1850), but remained undefeated and prevented further loss of national territory.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis200346%E2%80%9347-72">[63]</a> His trade restriction policies, however, angered the interior provinces and in 1852 <a href="/wiki/Justo_Jos%C3%A9_de_Urquiza" title="Justo José de Urquiza">Justo José de Urquiza</a>, another powerful <a href="/wiki/Caudillo" title="Caudillo">caudillo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Caseros" title="Battle of Caseros">beat him out of power</a>. As the new president of the Confederation, Urquiza enacted the <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">liberal</a> and federal 1853 Constitution. <a href="/wiki/State_of_Buenos_Aires" title="State of Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires seceded</a> but was forced back into the Confederation after being defeated in the 1859 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cepeda_(1859)" title="Battle of Cepeda (1859)">Battle of Cepeda</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis200348%E2%80%9350-73">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rise_of_the_modern_nation">Rise of the modern nation</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of Argentina">List of Presidents of Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Generation_of_%2780" title="Generation of '80">Generation of '80</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Infamous_Decade" title="Infamous Decade">Infamous Decade</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Argentine%E2%80%93Chilean_naval_arms_race" title="Argentine–Chilean naval arms race">Argentine–Chilean naval arms race</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_American_dreadnought_race" title="South American dreadnought race">South American dreadnought race</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:25_de_mayo_por_F._Fortuny.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/25_de_mayo_por_F._Fortuny.jpg/220px-25_de_mayo_por_F._Fortuny.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1036"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 142px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/25_de_mayo_por_F._Fortuny.jpg/220px-25_de_mayo_por_F._Fortuny.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="142" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/25_de_mayo_por_F._Fortuny.jpg/330px-25_de_mayo_por_F._Fortuny.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/25_de_mayo_por_F._Fortuny.jpg/440px-25_de_mayo_por_F._Fortuny.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>People gathered in front of the <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires_Cabildo" class="mw-redirect" title="Buenos Aires Cabildo">Buenos Aires Cabildo</a> during the <a href="/wiki/May_Revolution" title="May Revolution">May Revolution</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Italian_immigrants_buenos_aires.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Italian_immigrants_buenos_aires.jpg/220px-Italian_immigrants_buenos_aires.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="701"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 161px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Italian_immigrants_buenos_aires.jpg/220px-Italian_immigrants_buenos_aires.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="161" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Italian_immigrants_buenos_aires.jpg/330px-Italian_immigrants_buenos_aires.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Italian_immigrants_buenos_aires.jpg/440px-Italian_immigrants_buenos_aires.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Immigrants <a href="/wiki/Italian_Argentines" title="Italian Argentines">from Italy</a> arriving in Buenos Aires, during the <a href="/wiki/Great_European_immigration_wave_to_Argentina" title="Great European immigration wave to Argentina">great European immigration wave to Argentina</a></figcaption></figure> Overpowering Urquiza in the 1861 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pav%C3%B3n" title="Battle of Pavón">Battle of Pavón</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bartolom%C3%A9_Mitre" title="Bartolomé Mitre">Bartolomé Mitre</a> secured Buenos Aires' predominance and was elected as the first president of the reunified country. He was followed by <a href="/wiki/Domingo_Faustino_Sarmiento" title="Domingo Faustino Sarmiento">Domingo Faustino Sarmiento</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Avellaneda" title="Nicolás Avellaneda">Nicolás Avellaneda</a>; these three presidencies set up the basis of the modern Argentine State.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGalasso2011363%E2%80%93541vol._I-74">[65]</a> Starting with <a href="/wiki/Julio_Argentino_Roca" title="Julio Argentino Roca">Julio Argentino Roca</a> in 1880, ten consecutive federal governments emphasized <a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">liberal economic policies</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Immigration_in_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Immigration in Argentina">massive wave of European immigration</a> they promoted—second only to the United States'—led to a near-reinvention of Argentine society and economy that by 1908 had placed the country as the seventh wealthiest<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoltVan_Zanden2013-75">[66]</a> developed nation<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTED%C3%ADaz_Alejandro19701-76">[67]</a> in the world. Driven by this <a href="/wiki/Immigration" title="Immigration">immigration</a> wave and decreasing mortality, the Argentine population grew fivefold and the economy 15-fold:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis199018%E2%80%9330-77">[68]</a> from 1870 to 1910, Argentina's <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a> exports went from 100,000 to 2,500,000 t (110,000 to 2,760,000 short tons) per year, while frozen beef exports increased from 25,000 to 365,000 t (28,000 to 402,000 short tons) per year,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMosk199088%E2%80%9389-78">[69]</a> placing Argentina as one of the world's top five exporters.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECruz199010-79">[70]</a> Its railway mileage rose from 503 to 31,104 km (313 to 19,327 mi).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTED%C3%ADaz_Alejandro19702%E2%80%933-80">[71]</a> Fostered by a new <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Law_1420" title="Argentine Law 1420">public, compulsory, free and secular education</a> system, <a href="/wiki/Literacy" title="Literacy">literacy</a> quickly increased from 22% to 65%, a level higher than most <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin American</a> nations would reach even fifty years later.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECruz199010-79">[70]</a> Furthermore, real <a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a> grew so fast that despite the huge immigration influx, <a href="/wiki/Per_capita_income" title="Per capita income">per capita income</a> between 1862 and 1920 went from 67% of developed country levels to 100%:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTED%C3%ADaz_Alejandro19702%E2%80%933-80">[71]</a> In 1865, Argentina was already one of the top 25 nations by per capita income. By 1908, it had surpassed Denmark, Canada and the Netherlands to reach 7th place—behind Switzerland, New Zealand, Australia, the United States, the United Kingdom and Belgium. Argentina's per capita income was 70% higher than Italy's, 90% higher than Spain's, 180% higher than Japan's and 400% higher than <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>'s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoltVan_Zanden2013-75">[66]</a> Despite these unique achievements, the country was slow to meet its original goals of industrialization:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGalasso2011567%E2%80%93625vol._I-81">[72]</a> after the steep development of capital-intensive local industries in the 1920s, a significant part of the manufacturing sector remained labour-intensive in the 1930s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis199037%E2%80%9338-82">[73]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_conquista_del_desierto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/La_conquista_del_desierto.jpg/220px-La_conquista_del_desierto.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="555" data-file-height="340"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 135px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/La_conquista_del_desierto.jpg/220px-La_conquista_del_desierto.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="135" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/La_conquista_del_desierto.jpg/330px-La_conquista_del_desierto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/La_conquista_del_desierto.jpg/440px-La_conquista_del_desierto.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_the_Desert" title="Conquest of the Desert">Conquest of the Desert</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Juan_Manuel_Blanes" title="Juan Manuel Blanes">Juan Manuel Blanes</a> (fragment showing <a href="/wiki/Julio_Argentino_Roca" title="Julio Argentino Roca">Julio Argentino Roca</a>, at the front, a major figure of the <a href="/wiki/Generation_of_%2780" title="Generation of '80">Generation of '80</a>)<a href="#cite_note-83">[74]</a></figcaption></figure> Between 1878 and 1884, the so-called <a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_the_Desert" title="Conquest of the Desert">Conquest of the Desert</a> occurred, with the purpose of tripling the Argentine territory by means of the constant confrontations between natives and Criollos in the border,<a href="#cite_note-84">[75]</a> and the appropriation of the indigenous territories. The first conquest consisted of a series of military incursions into the Pampa and Patagonian territories dominated by the indigenous peoples,<a href="#cite_note-85">[76]</a> distributing them among the members of the Sociedad Rural Argentina, financiers of the expeditions.<a href="#cite_note-86">[77]</a> The conquest of Chaco lasted up to the end of the century,<a href="#cite_note-87">[78]</a> since its full ownership of the national economic system only took place when the mere extraction of wood and <a href="/wiki/Tannin" title="Tannin">tannin</a> was replaced by the production of <a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">cotton</a>.<a href="#cite_note-88">[79]</a> The Argentine government considered <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Argentina" title="Indigenous peoples in Argentina">indigenous people</a> as inferior beings, without the same rights as Criollos and Europeans.<a href="#cite_note-89">[80]</a> In 1912, President <a href="/wiki/Roque_S%C3%A1enz_Pe%C3%B1a" title="Roque Sáenz Peña">Roque Sáenz Peña</a> enacted <a href="/wiki/Saenz_Pe%C3%B1a_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Saenz Peña Law">universal and secret male suffrage</a>, which allowed <a href="/wiki/Hip%C3%B3lito_Yrigoyen" title="Hipólito Yrigoyen">Hipólito Yrigoyen</a>, leader of the <a href="/wiki/Radical_Civic_Union" title="Radical Civic Union">Radical Civic Union</a> (or UCR), to win <a href="/wiki/Argentine_general_election,_1916" class="mw-redirect" title="Argentine general election, 1916">the 1916 election</a>. He enacted social and economic reforms and extended assistance to small farms and businesses. Argentina stayed neutral during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. The second administration of Yrigoyen faced an economic crisis, precipitated by the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGalasso20117%E2%80%93178vol._II-90">[81]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Golpe_de_Estado_en_Argentina_en_1930.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Golpe_de_Estado_en_Argentina_en_1930.jpg/220px-Golpe_de_Estado_en_Argentina_en_1930.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="191" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1037" data-file-height="899"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 191px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Golpe_de_Estado_en_Argentina_en_1930.jpg/220px-Golpe_de_Estado_en_Argentina_en_1930.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="191" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Golpe_de_Estado_en_Argentina_en_1930.jpg/330px-Golpe_de_Estado_en_Argentina_en_1930.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Golpe_de_Estado_en_Argentina_en_1930.jpg/440px-Golpe_de_Estado_en_Argentina_en_1930.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Crowds outside the <a href="/wiki/Argentine_National_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Argentine National Congress">Argentine National Congress</a> during the <a href="/wiki/1930_Argentine_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1930 Argentine coup d'état">1930 Argentine coup d'état</a> which marked the start of the <a href="/wiki/Infamous_Decade" title="Infamous Decade">Infamous Decade</a></figcaption></figure> In 1930, Yrigoyen <a href="/wiki/1930_Argentine_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1930 Argentine coup d'état">was ousted from power</a> by the military led by <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_F%C3%A9lix_Uriburu" title="José Félix Uriburu">José Félix Uriburu</a>. Although Argentina remained among the fifteen richest countries until mid-century,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoltVan_Zanden2013-75">[66]</a> this <a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d'état">coup d'état</a> marks the start of the steady economic and social decline that pushed the country back into underdevelopment.<a href="#cite_note-developed-91">[82]</a> Uriburu ruled for two years; then <a href="/wiki/Agust%C3%ADn_Pedro_Justo" title="Agustín Pedro Justo">Agustín Pedro Justo</a> was elected in a <a href="/wiki/Argentine_general_election,_1931" class="mw-redirect" title="Argentine general election, 1931">fraudulent election</a>, and signed a controversial <a href="/wiki/Roca-Runciman_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Roca-Runciman Treaty">treaty with the United Kingdom</a>. Argentina <a href="/wiki/Argentina_in_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Argentina in World War II">stayed neutral during World War II</a>, a decision that had full British support but was rejected by the United States after the <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">attack on Pearl Harbor</a>. In 1943 <a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_%2743" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolution of '43">a military coup d'état</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Arturo_Rawson" title="Arturo Rawson">General Arturo Rawson</a> toppled the democratically elected government of <a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Castillo" title="Ramón Castillo">Ramón Castillo</a>. Under pressure from the United States, later Argentina declared war on the Axis Powers (on 27 March 1945, roughly a month before the <a href="/wiki/End_of_World_War_II_in_Europe" title="End of World War II in Europe">end of World War II in Europe</a>). During the Rawson dictatorship a relatively unknown military colonel named <a href="/wiki/Juan_Per%C3%B3n" title="Juan Perón">Juan Perón</a> was named head of the Labour Department. Perón quickly managed to climb the political ladder, being named Minister of Defence by 1944. Being perceived as a political threat by rivals in the military and the conservative camp, he was forced to resign in 1945, and was arrested days later. He was finally released under mounting pressure from both his base and several allied unions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGalasso2011181%E2%80%93302vol._II-92">[83]</a> He would later become president after a landslide victory over the <a href="/wiki/Radical_Civic_Union" title="Radical Civic Union">UCR</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1946_Argentine_general_election" title="1946 Argentine general election">1946 general election</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Argentina)" title="Labour Party (Argentina)">Laborioust</a> candidate.<a href="#cite_note-93">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Peronist_years">Peronist years</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Peronism" title="Peronism">Peronism</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Juan_y_Eva_Oficial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="Juan Domingo Perón and his wife Eva Perón, 1947." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Juan_y_Eva_Oficial.jpg/220px-Juan_y_Eva_Oficial.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="239" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="487" data-file-height="529"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 239px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Juan_y_Eva_Oficial.jpg/220px-Juan_y_Eva_Oficial.jpg" data-alt="Juan Domingo Perón and his wife Eva Perón, 1947." data-width="220" data-height="239" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Juan_y_Eva_Oficial.jpg/330px-Juan_y_Eva_Oficial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Juan_y_Eva_Oficial.jpg/440px-Juan_y_Eva_Oficial.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Juan_Per%C3%B3n" title="Juan Perón">Juan Perón</a> and his wife <a href="/wiki/Eva_Per%C3%B3n" title="Eva Perón">Eva Perón</a>, 1947</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Argentina)" title="Labour Party (Argentina)">Labour Party</a> (later renamed <a href="/wiki/Justicialist_Party" title="Justicialist Party">Justicialist Party</a>), the most powerful and influential party in Argentine history, came into power with the rise of Juan Perón to the presidency in 1946. He <a href="/wiki/Nationalization" title="Nationalization">nationalized</a> strategic industries and services, improved wages and working conditions, paid the full <a href="/wiki/External_debt" title="External debt">external debt</a> and claimed he achieved nearly <a href="/wiki/Full_employment" title="Full employment">full employment</a>. He pushed Congress to enact <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage" title="Women's suffrage">women's suffrage</a> in 1947,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarnes19783-94">[85]</a> and developed a system of social assistance for the most vulnerable sectors of society.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarnes1978113ff-95">[86]</a> The economy began to decline in 1950 due in part to government expenditures and the <a href="/wiki/Protectionism" title="Protectionism">protectionist</a> economic policies.<a href="#cite_note-Reutuers2014-96">[87]</a> He also engaged in a campaign of political suppression. Anyone who was perceived to be a political dissident or potential rival was subject to threats, physical violence and harassment. The Argentine <a href="/wiki/Intelligentsia" title="Intelligentsia">intelligentsia</a>, the middle-class, university students, and professors were seen as particularly troublesome. Perón fired over 2,000 university professors and faculty members from all major public education institutions.<a href="#cite_note-auth-97">[88]</a> Perón tried to bring most trade and labour unions under his thumb, regularly resorting to violence when needed. For instance, the meat-packers union leader, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cipriano_Reyes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cipriano Reyes (page does not exist)">Cipriano Reyes</a>, organized strikes in protest against the government after elected labour movement officials were forcefully replaced by Peronist puppets from the <a href="/wiki/Justicialist_Party" title="Justicialist Party">Peronist Party</a>. Reyes was soon arrested on charges of terrorism, though the allegations were never substantiated. Reyes, who was never formally charged, was tortured in prison for five years and only released after the regime's downfall in 1955.<a href="#cite_note-98">[89]</a> Perón <a href="/wiki/Argentine_general_election,_1951" class="mw-redirect" title="Argentine general election, 1951">managed to get re-elected in 1951</a>. His wife <a href="/wiki/Eva_Per%C3%B3n" title="Eva Perón">Eva Perón</a>, who played a critical role in the party, died of cancer in 1952. As the economy continued to tank, Perón started losing popular support, and came to be seen as a threat to the national process. The Navy took advantage of Perón's withering political power, and <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Plaza_de_Mayo" title="Bombing of Plaza de Mayo">bombed the Plaza de Mayo</a> in 1955. Perón survived the attack, but a few months later, during the <a href="/wiki/Revoluci%C3%B3n_Libertadora" title="Revolución Libertadora">Liberating Revolution</a> coup, he was deposed and went into <a href="/wiki/Exile" title="Exile">exile</a> in Spain.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGalasso2011303%E2%80%9351vol._II-99">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Revolución_Libertadora">Revolución Libertadora</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Revoluci%C3%B3n_Libertadora" title="Revolución Libertadora">Revolución Libertadora</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plaza-Mayo-bombardeo-1955.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Plaza-Mayo-bombardeo-1955.JPG/220px-Plaza-Mayo-bombardeo-1955.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="584" data-file-height="365"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 138px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Plaza-Mayo-bombardeo-1955.JPG/220px-Plaza-Mayo-bombardeo-1955.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="138" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Plaza-Mayo-bombardeo-1955.JPG/330px-Plaza-Mayo-bombardeo-1955.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Plaza-Mayo-bombardeo-1955.JPG/440px-Plaza-Mayo-bombardeo-1955.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Civilian casualties after the <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Plaza_de_Mayo" title="Bombing of Plaza de Mayo">air attack and massacre on Plaza de Mayo</a>, June 1955</figcaption></figure> The new head of State, <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Eugenio_Aramburu" title="Pedro Eugenio Aramburu">Pedro Eugenio Aramburu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Proscription" title="Proscription">proscribed</a> Peronism and banned the party from any future elections. <a href="/wiki/Arturo_Frondizi" title="Arturo Frondizi">Arturo Frondizi</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Radical_Civic_Union" title="Radical Civic Union">UCR</a> won the <a href="/wiki/Argentine_general_election,_1958" class="mw-redirect" title="Argentine general election, 1958">1958 general election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGalasso2011353%E2%80%93379vol._II-100">[91]</a> He encouraged investment to achieve energetic and industrial self-sufficiency, reversed a chronic <a href="/wiki/Trade_deficit" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade deficit">trade deficit</a> and lifted the ban on Peronism; yet his efforts to stay on good terms with both the Peronists and the military earned him the rejection of both and a new coup forced him out.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobben201134-101">[92]</a> Amidst the political turmoil, Senate leader <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Guido" title="José María Guido">José María Guido</a> reacted swiftly and applied anti-<a href="/wiki/Power_vacuum" title="Power vacuum">power vacuum</a> legislation, ascending to the presidency himself; elections were repealed and Peronism was prohibited once again. <a href="/wiki/Arturo_Illia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arturo Illia">Arturo Illia</a> was <a href="/wiki/Argentine_general_election,_1963" class="mw-redirect" title="Argentine general election, 1963">elected in 1963</a> and led an increase in prosperity across the board; however he was overthrown in 1966 by another military <a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d'état">coup d'état</a> led by General <a href="/wiki/Juan_Carlos_Ongan%C3%ADa" title="Juan Carlos Onganía">Juan Carlos Onganía</a> in the self-proclaimed <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Revolution" title="Argentine Revolution">Argentine Revolution</a>, creating a new military government that sought to rule indefinitely.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGalasso2011381%E2%80%93422vol._II-102">[93]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Perón's_return_and_death">Perón's return and death</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Asunci%C3%B3n_de_Juan_Domingo_Per%C3%B3n_e_Isabel_Per%C3%B3n,_1973.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Asunci%C3%B3n_de_Juan_Domingo_Per%C3%B3n_e_Isabel_Per%C3%B3n%2C_1973.png/220px-Asunci%C3%B3n_de_Juan_Domingo_Per%C3%B3n_e_Isabel_Per%C3%B3n%2C_1973.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="246" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="447"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 246px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Asunci%C3%B3n_de_Juan_Domingo_Per%C3%B3n_e_Isabel_Per%C3%B3n%2C_1973.png/220px-Asunci%C3%B3n_de_Juan_Domingo_Per%C3%B3n_e_Isabel_Per%C3%B3n%2C_1973.png" data-width="220" data-height="246" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Asunci%C3%B3n_de_Juan_Domingo_Per%C3%B3n_e_Isabel_Per%C3%B3n%2C_1973.png/330px-Asunci%C3%B3n_de_Juan_Domingo_Per%C3%B3n_e_Isabel_Per%C3%B3n%2C_1973.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Asunci%C3%B3n_de_Juan_Domingo_Per%C3%B3n_e_Isabel_Per%C3%B3n%2C_1973.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Juan_Per%C3%B3n" title="Juan Perón">Juan Perón</a> and his wife <a href="/wiki/Isabel_Per%C3%B3n" title="Isabel Perón">Isabel Perón</a>, 1973</figcaption></figure> Following several years of military rule, <a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Agust%C3%ADn_Lanusse" title="Alejandro Agustín Lanusse">Alejandro Agustín Lanusse</a> was appointed president by the <a href="/wiki/Military_junta" title="Military junta">military junta</a> in 1971. Under increasing political pressure for the return of democracy, Lanusse called for elections in 1973. Perón was banned from running but the Peronist party was allowed to participate. The presidential elections were won by Perón's surrogate candidate, <a href="/wiki/Hector_C%C3%A1mpora" class="mw-redirect" title="Hector Cámpora">Hector Cámpora</a>, a left-wing Peronist, who took office on 25 May 1973. A month later, in June, Perón returned from Spain. One of Cámpora's first presidential actions was to grant amnesty to members of organizations that had carried out political assassinations and terrorist attacks, and to those who had been tried and sentenced to prison by judges. Cámpora's months-long tenure in government was beset by political and social unrest. Over 600 social conflicts, <a href="/wiki/Strike_action" title="Strike action">strikes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_self-management" title="Workers' self-management">factory occupations</a> took place within a single month.<a href="#cite_note-103">[94]</a> Even though far-left terrorist organisations had suspended their armed struggle, their joining with the <a href="/wiki/Participatory_democracy" title="Participatory democracy">participatory democracy</a> process was interpreted as a direct threat by the Peronist right-wing faction.<a href="#cite_note-104">[95]</a> Amid a state of political, social, and economic upheaval, Cámpora and Vice President Vicente Solano Lima resigned in July 1973, calling for new elections, but this time with Perón as the Justicialist Party nominee. Perón won the election with his wife <a href="/wiki/Isabel_Per%C3%B3n" title="Isabel Perón">Isabel Perón</a> as vice president. Perón's third term was marked by escalating conflict between left and right-wing factions within the Peronist party, as well as the return of armed terror guerrilla groups such as the Guevarist <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Revolutionary_Army_(Argentina)" title="People's Revolutionary Army (Argentina)">ERP</a>, leftist Peronist <a href="/wiki/Montoneros" title="Montoneros">Montoneros</a>, and the state-backed far-right <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Anticommunist_Alliance" title="Argentine Anticommunist Alliance">Triple A</a>. After a series of heart attacks and signs of pneumonia in 1974, Perón's health deteriorated quickly. He suffered a final heart attack on Monday, 1 July 1974, and died at 13:15. He was 78 years old. After his death, <a href="/wiki/Isabel_Per%C3%B3n" title="Isabel Perón">Isabel Perón</a>, his wife and vice president, succeeded him in office. During her presidency, a military junta, along with the Peronists' far-right fascist faction, once again became the <a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a> <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a>. Isabel Perón served as President of Argentina from 1974 until 1976, when she was ousted by the military. Her short presidency was marked by the collapse of Argentine political and social systems, leading to a constitutional crisis that paved the way for a decade of instability, left-wing terrorist guerrilla attacks, and state-sponsored terrorism.<a href="#cite_note-Reutuers2014-96">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Reorganization_Process">National Reorganization Process</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/National_Reorganization_Process" title="National Reorganization Process">National Reorganization Process</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dirty_War" title="Dirty War">Dirty War</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Junta_Militar_argentina_1976.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Junta_Militar_argentina_1976.png/220px-Junta_Militar_argentina_1976.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="597" data-file-height="370"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 136px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Junta_Militar_argentina_1976.png/220px-Junta_Militar_argentina_1976.png" data-width="220" data-height="136" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Junta_Militar_argentina_1976.png/330px-Junta_Militar_argentina_1976.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Junta_Militar_argentina_1976.png/440px-Junta_Militar_argentina_1976.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The "<a href="/wiki/National_Reorganization_Process" title="National Reorganization Process">first military junta</a>"—Admiral <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Eduardo_Massera" title="Emilio Eduardo Massera">Emilio Massera</a>, Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Rafael_Videla" title="Jorge Rafael Videla">Jorge Videla</a> and Brigadier General <a href="/wiki/Orlando_Ram%C3%B3n_Agosti" title="Orlando Ramón Agosti">Orlando Agosti</a> (from left to right)—observing the <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Argentine Declaration of Independence">Independence Day</a> military parade on <a href="/wiki/Avenida_del_Libertador_(Buenos_Aires)" title="Avenida del Libertador (Buenos Aires)">Avenida del Libertador</a>, 9 July 1978</figcaption></figure> The "Dirty War" (Spanish: Guerra Sucia) was part of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Condor" title="Operation Condor">Operation Condor</a>, which included the participation of other right-wing dictatorships in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Cone" title="Southern Cone">Southern Cone</a>. The Dirty War involved <a href="/wiki/State_terrorism" title="State terrorism">state terrorism</a> in Argentina and elsewhere in the Southern Cone against political dissidents, with military and security forces employing urban and rural violence against left-wing guerrillas, political dissidents, and anyone believed to be associated with socialism or somehow contrary to the <a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">neoliberal</a> economic policies of the regime.<a href="#cite_note-107">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[100]</a> Victims of the violence in Argentina alone included an estimated 15,000 to 30,000 left-wing activists and militants, including trade unionists, students, journalists, <a href="/wiki/Marxist" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist">Marxists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peronism" title="Peronism">Peronist</a> <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Guerrilla">guerrillas</a>,<a href="#cite_note-110">[101]</a> and alleged sympathizers. Most of the victims were casualties of <a href="/wiki/State_terrorism" title="State terrorism">state terrorism</a>. The opposing guerrillas' victims numbered nearly 500–540 military and police officials<a href="#cite_note-111">[102]</a> and up to 230 civilians.<a href="#cite_note-112">[103]</a> Argentina received technical support and military aid from the United States government during the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson">Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Presidency of Richard Nixon">Nixon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Gerald_Ford" title="Presidency of Gerald Ford">Ford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Presidency of Jimmy Carter">Carter</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Presidency of Ronald Reagan">Reagan</a> administrations. The exact chronology of the <a href="/wiki/Political_repression" title="Political repression">repression</a> is still debated, yet the roots of the long political war may have started in 1969 when trade unionists were targeted for assassination by Peronist and Marxist paramilitaries. Individual cases of <a href="/wiki/State-sponsored_terrorism" title="State-sponsored terrorism">state-sponsored terrorism</a> against Peronism and the left can be traced back even further to the <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Plaza_de_Mayo" title="Bombing of Plaza de Mayo">Bombing of Plaza de Mayo</a> in 1955. The <a href="/wiki/Trelew_massacre" title="Trelew massacre">Trelew massacre</a> of 1972, the actions of the <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Anticommunist_Alliance" title="Argentine Anticommunist Alliance">Argentine Anticommunist Alliance</a> commencing in 1973, and <a href="/wiki/Isabel_Per%C3%B3n" title="Isabel Perón">Isabel Perón</a>'s "annihilation decrees" against left-wing guerrillas during <a href="/wiki/Operativo_Independencia" class="mw-redirect" title="Operativo Independencia">Operativo Independencia</a> (Operation Independence) in 1975, are also possible events signaling the beginning of the Dirty War.<a href="#cite_note-116">[F]</a> Onganía shut down Congress, banned all political parties, and dismantled student and worker unions. In 1969, popular discontent led to two massive protests: the <a href="/wiki/Cordobazo" title="Cordobazo">Cordobazo</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Rosariazo" title="Rosariazo">Rosariazo</a>. The terrorist guerrilla organization <a href="/wiki/Montoneros" title="Montoneros">Montoneros</a> kidnapped and executed Aramburu.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobben2011127-117">[107]</a> The newly chosen head of government, <a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Agust%C3%ADn_Lanusse" title="Alejandro Agustín Lanusse">Alejandro Agustín Lanusse</a>, seeking to ease the growing political pressure, allowed <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9ctor_Jos%C3%A9_C%C3%A1mpora" title="Héctor José Cámpora">Héctor José Cámpora</a> to become the Peronist candidate instead of Perón. Cámpora won the <a href="/wiki/Argentine_general_election,_March_1973" class="mw-redirect" title="Argentine general election, March 1973">March 1973 election</a>, issued <a href="/wiki/Amnesty" title="Amnesty">pardons</a> for condemned guerrilla members, and then secured Perón's return from his exile in Spain.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGalasso2011423%E2%80%9365vol._II-118">[108]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Soldadosargentinos3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Soldadosargentinos3.jpg/220px-Soldadosargentinos3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="268" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1343" data-file-height="1638"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 268px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Soldadosargentinos3.jpg/220px-Soldadosargentinos3.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="268" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Soldadosargentinos3.jpg/330px-Soldadosargentinos3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Soldadosargentinos3.jpg/440px-Soldadosargentinos3.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Argentine soldiers during the <a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands War</a>, 1982</figcaption></figure> On the day Perón returned to Argentina, the clash between Peronist internal factions—<a href="/wiki/Right-wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-wing">right-wing</a> union leaders and <a href="/wiki/Left-wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Left-wing">left-wing</a> youth from the Montoneros—resulted in the <a href="/wiki/Ezeiza_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Ezeiza Massacre">Ezeiza Massacre</a>. Overwhelmed by political violence, Cámpora resigned and Perón won the following <a href="/wiki/Argentine_general_election,_September_1973" class="mw-redirect" title="Argentine general election, September 1973">September 1973 election</a> with his third wife <a href="/wiki/Isabel_Per%C3%B3n" title="Isabel Perón">Isabel</a> as vice-president. He <a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_Montoneros_from_Plaza_de_Mayo" title="Expulsion of Montoneros from Plaza de Mayo">expelled Montoneros from the party</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobben201176%E2%80%9377-119">[109]</a> and they became once again a clandestine organization. <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_L%C3%B3pez_Rega" title="José López Rega">José López Rega</a> organized the <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Anticommunist_Alliance" title="Argentine Anticommunist Alliance">Argentine Anticommunist Alliance</a> (AAA) to fight against them and the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Revolutionary_Army_(Argentina)" title="People's Revolutionary Army (Argentina)">People's Revolutionary Army</a> (ERP).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndersonSloan200940%E2%80%9341-120">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2016167-121">[111]</a> Perón died in July 1974 and was succeeded by his wife, who signed a secret decree empowering the military and the police to "annihilate" the left-wing subversion,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobben2011145-122">[112]</a> <a href="/wiki/Operation_Independence" title="Operation Independence">stopping ERP's attempt</a> to start a rural insurgence in Tucumán province.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobben2011148-123">[113]</a> <a href="/wiki/March_1976_coup" class="mw-redirect" title="March 1976 coup">Isabel Perón was ousted</a> one year later by a junta of the combined armed forces, led by army general <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Rafael_Videla" title="Jorge Rafael Videla">Jorge Rafael Videla</a>. They initiated the <a href="/wiki/National_Reorganization_Process" title="National Reorganization Process">National Reorganization Process</a>, often shortened to Proceso.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGalasso2011467%E2%80%93504vol._II-124">[114]</a> The Proceso shut down Congress, removed the judges on the Supreme Court, banned political parties and unions, and resorted to employing the <a href="/wiki/Forced_disappearance" class="mw-redirect" title="Forced disappearance">forced disappearance</a> of suspected guerrilla members including individuals suspected of being associated with the left-wing. By the end of 1976, the Montoneros had lost nearly 2,000 members and by 1977, the ERP was completely subdued. Nevertheless, the severely weakened Montoneros launched a counterattack in 1979, which was quickly put down, effectively ending the guerrilla threat and securing the junta's position in power.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In March 1982, an Argentine force took control of the British territory of <a href="/wiki/South_Georgia" title="South Georgia">South Georgia</a> and, on 2 April, Argentina <a href="/wiki/Operation_Rosario" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Rosario">invaded the Falkland Islands</a>. The United Kingdom dispatched a task force to regain possession. Argentina surrendered on 14 June and its forces were taken home. Street riots in Buenos Aires followed the humiliating defeat and the military leadership stood down.<a href="#cite_note-125">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[116]</a> <a href="/wiki/Reynaldo_Bignone" title="Reynaldo Bignone">Reynaldo Bignone</a> replaced Galtieri and began to organize the transition to democratic governance.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGalasso2011505%E2%80%9332vol._II-127">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Return_to_democracy">Return to democracy</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Ra%C3%BAl_Alfons%C3%ADn" title="Presidency of Raúl Alfonsín">Presidency of Raúl Alfonsín</a> and <a href="/wiki/Argentine_economic_crisis_(1999%E2%80%932002)" class="mw-redirect" title="Argentine economic crisis (1999–2002)">Argentine economic crisis (1999–2002)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:De_la_R%C3%BAa_con_Menem.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/De_la_R%C3%BAa_con_Menem.jpg/220px-De_la_R%C3%BAa_con_Menem.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="301"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 144px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/De_la_R%C3%BAa_con_Menem.jpg/220px-De_la_R%C3%BAa_con_Menem.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="144" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/De_la_R%C3%BAa_con_Menem.jpg/330px-De_la_R%C3%BAa_con_Menem.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/De_la_R%C3%BAa_con_Menem.jpg/440px-De_la_R%C3%BAa_con_Menem.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Menem" title="Carlos Menem">Carlos Menem</a> with the new president, <a href="/wiki/Fernando_de_la_R%C3%BAa" title="Fernando de la Rúa">Fernando de la Rúa</a>, on 10 December 1999</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Alfons%C3%ADn" title="Raúl Alfonsín">Raúl Alfonsín</a> won the <a href="/wiki/Argentine_general_election,_1983" class="mw-redirect" title="Argentine general election, 1983">1983 elections</a> campaigning for the prosecution of those responsible for <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a> violations during the Proceso: the <a href="/wiki/Trial_of_the_Juntas" title="Trial of the Juntas">Trial of the Juntas</a> and other martial courts sentenced all the coup's leaders but, under military pressure, he also enacted the <a href="/wiki/Full_Stop_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Full Stop Law">Full Stop</a> and <a href="/wiki/Law_of_Due_Obedience" title="Law of Due Obedience">Due Obedience</a> laws,<a href="#cite_note-128">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[119]</a> which halted prosecutions further down the <a href="/wiki/Chain_of_command" class="mw-redirect" title="Chain of command">chain of command</a>. The worsening economic crisis and <a href="/wiki/Hyperinflation" title="Hyperinflation">hyperinflation</a> reduced his popular support and the Peronist <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Menem" title="Carlos Menem">Carlos Menem</a> won the <a href="/wiki/Argentine_general_election,_1989" class="mw-redirect" title="Argentine general election, 1989">1989 election</a>. Soon after, <a href="/wiki/1989_riots_in_Argentina" title="1989 riots in Argentina">riots forced Alfonsín to an early resignation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGalasso2011533%E2%80%9349vol._II-130">[120]</a> Menem embraced and enacted <a href="/wiki/Neo-liberalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-liberalism">neoliberal</a> policies:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEpsteinPion-Berlin20066-131">[121]</a> a <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Currency_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Argentine Currency Board">fixed exchange rate</a>, business <a href="/wiki/Deregulation" title="Deregulation">deregulation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">privatizations</a>, and the dismantling of <a href="/wiki/Protectionism" title="Protectionism">protectionist</a> barriers normalized the economy in the short term. He pardoned the officers who had been sentenced during Alfonsín's government. The <a href="/wiki/1994_amendment_of_the_Argentine_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="1994 amendment of the Argentine Constitution">1994 Constitutional Amendment</a> allowed Menem to <a href="/wiki/Argentine_general_election,_1995" class="mw-redirect" title="Argentine general election, 1995">be elected for a second term</a>. With the economy beginning to decline in 1995, and with increasing unemployment and recession,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEpsteinPion-Berlin20069-132">[122]</a> the UCR, led by <a href="/wiki/Fernando_de_la_R%C3%BAa" title="Fernando de la Rúa">Fernando de la Rúa</a>, returned to the presidency in the <a href="/wiki/Argentine_general_election,_1999" class="mw-redirect" title="Argentine general election, 1999">1999 elections</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGalasso2011551%E2%80%93573vol._II-133">[123]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crisis_20_diciembre_2001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Crisis_20_diciembre_2001.jpg/220px-Crisis_20_diciembre_2001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="440"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 151px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Crisis_20_diciembre_2001.jpg/220px-Crisis_20_diciembre_2001.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="151" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Crisis_20_diciembre_2001.jpg/330px-Crisis_20_diciembre_2001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Crisis_20_diciembre_2001.jpg/440px-Crisis_20_diciembre_2001.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Protests in the city of Buenos Aires during the <a href="/wiki/December_2001_riots_in_Argentina" title="December 2001 riots in Argentina">December 2001 riots in Argentina</a></figcaption></figure> De la Rúa left Menem's economic plan in effect despite the worsening crisis, which led to growing social discontent.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEpsteinPion-Berlin20069-132">[122]</a> Massive <a href="/wiki/Capital_flight" title="Capital flight">capital flight</a> from the country was responded to with a <a href="/wiki/Corralito" title="Corralito">freezing of bank accounts</a>, generating further turmoil. The <a href="/wiki/December_2001_riots_in_Argentina" title="December 2001 riots in Argentina">December 2001 riots</a> forced him to resign.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGalasso2011575%E2%80%9387vol._II-134">[124]</a> Congress appointed <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Duhalde" title="Eduardo Duhalde">Eduardo Duhalde</a> as acting president, who revoked the fixed exchange rate established by Menem,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEpsteinPion-Berlin200612-135">[125]</a> causing many working- and middle-class Argentines to lose a significant portion of their savings. By late 2002, the economic crisis began to recede, but the assassination of two <a href="/wiki/Piquetero" title="Piquetero">piqueteros</a> by the police caused political unrest, prompting Duhalde to move elections forward.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEpsteinPion-Berlin200613-136">[126]</a> <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9stor_Kirchner" title="Néstor Kirchner">Néstor Kirchner</a> was <a href="/wiki/Argentine_general_election,_2003" class="mw-redirect" title="Argentine general election, 2003">elected as the new president</a>. On 26 May 2003, he was sworn in.<a href="#cite_note-137">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGalasso2011587%E2%80%9395vol._II-138">[128]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cristina_con_baston_de_mando_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Cristina_con_baston_de_mando_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Cristina_con_baston_de_mando_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="191" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1450" data-file-height="1257"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 191px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Cristina_con_baston_de_mando_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Cristina_con_baston_de_mando_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="191" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Cristina_con_baston_de_mando_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Cristina_con_baston_de_mando_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Cristina_con_baston_de_mando_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Cristina_con_baston_de_mando_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9stor_Kirchner" title="Néstor Kirchner">Néstor Kirchner</a> and his wife and political successor, <a href="/wiki/Cristina_Kirchner" class="mw-redirect" title="Cristina Kirchner">Cristina Kirchner</a></figcaption></figure> Boosting the <a href="/wiki/Neo-Keynesianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Keynesianism">neo-Keynesian</a> economic policies<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEpsteinPion-Berlin200613-136">[126]</a> laid by Duhalde, Kirchner ended the economic crisis attaining significant fiscal and trade surpluses, and rapid <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> growth.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEpsteinPion-Berlin200616-139">[129]</a> Under his administration, Argentina <a href="/wiki/Argentine_debt_restructuring" title="Argentine debt restructuring">restructured its defaulted debt</a> with an unprecedented discount of about 70% on most bonds, paid off debts with the <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEpsteinPion-Berlin200615-140">[130]</a> purged the military of officers with dubious human rights records,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEpsteinPion-Berlin200614-141">[131]</a> <a href="/wiki/Void_(law)" title="Void (law)">nullified and voided</a> the Full Stop and Due Obedience laws,<a href="#cite_note-142">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[G]</a> ruled them as unconstitutional, and resumed legal prosecution of the Junta's crimes. He did not run for reelection, promoting instead the candidacy of his wife, senator <a href="/wiki/Cristina_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_Kirchner" title="Cristina Fernández de Kirchner">Cristina Fernández de Kirchner</a>, who was <a href="/wiki/Argentine_general_election,_2007" class="mw-redirect" title="Argentine general election, 2007">elected in 2007</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGalasso2011597%E2%80%93626vol._II-145">[134]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Argentine_general_election,_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="Argentine general election, 2011">reelected in 2011</a>. Fernández de Kirchner's administration established positive foreign relations with countries such as Venezuela, Iran, and Cuba, while at the same time relations with the United States and the United Kingdom became increasingly strained. By 2015, the Argentine GDP grew by 2.7%<a href="#cite_note-146">[135]</a> and real incomes had risen over 50% since the post-Menem era.<a href="#cite_note-147">[136]</a> Despite these economic gains and increased renewable energy production and subsidies, the overall economy had been sluggish since 2011.<a href="#cite_note-148">[137]</a> On 22 November 2015, after a tie in the first round of <a href="/wiki/Argentine_general_election,_2015" class="mw-redirect" title="Argentine general election, 2015">presidential elections on 25 October</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juntos_por_el_Cambio" title="Juntos por el Cambio">center-right coalition</a> candidate <a href="/wiki/Mauricio_Macri" title="Mauricio Macri">Mauricio Macri</a> won the first <a href="/wiki/Ballotage_in_Argentina" title="Ballotage in Argentina">ballotage</a> in Argentina's history, beating <a href="/wiki/Front_for_Victory" title="Front for Victory">Front for Victory</a> candidate <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Scioli" title="Daniel Scioli">Daniel Scioli</a> and becoming president-elect.<a href="#cite_note-149">[138]</a> Macri was the first democratically elected non-<a href="/wiki/Justicialist_Party" title="Justicialist Party">peronist</a> president since 1916 that managed to complete his term in office without being overthrown.<a href="#cite_note-150">[139]</a> He took office on 10 December 2015 and inherited an economy with a high inflation rate and in a poor shape.<a href="#cite_note-151">[140]</a> In April 2016, the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Mauricio_Macri" title="Presidency of Mauricio Macri">Macri Government</a> introduced neoliberal austerity measures intended to tackle <a href="/wiki/Inflation" title="Inflation">inflation</a> and overblown public deficits.<a href="#cite_note-152">[141]</a> Under Macri's administration, economic recovery remained elusive with GDP shrinking 3.4%, inflation totaling 240%, billions of US dollars issued in sovereign debt, and mass poverty increasing by the end of his term.<a href="#cite_note-153">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[143]</a> He ran for re-election in 2019 but lost by nearly eight percentage points to <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Fern%C3%A1ndez" title="Alberto Fernández">Alberto Fernández</a>, the Justicialist Party candidate.<a href="#cite_note-155">[144]</a> President Alberto Fernández and Vice President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner took office in December 2019,<a href="#cite_note-156">[145]</a> just months before the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Argentina" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina">COVID-19 pandemic hit Argentina</a> and among accusations of <a href="/wiki/Corruption" title="Corruption">corruption</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bribery" title="Bribery">bribery</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Route_of_the_K-Money" class="mw-redirect" title="The Route of the K-Money">misuse of public funds during Nestor and Cristina Fernández de Kirchner's presidencies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-157">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mercopress-158">[147]</a> On 14 November 2021, the center-left coalition of Argentina's ruling Peronist party, <a href="/wiki/Frente_de_Todos" title="Frente de Todos">Frente de Todos</a> (Front for Everyone), lost its majority in Congress, for the first time in almost 40 years, in midterm <a href="/wiki/2021_Argentine_legislative_election" title="2021 Argentine legislative election">legislative elections</a>. The election victory of the center-right coalition, <a href="/wiki/Juntos_por_el_Cambio" title="Juntos por el Cambio">Juntos por el Cambio</a> (Together for Change) limited President Alberto Fernandez's power during his final two years in office. Losing control of the Senate made it difficult for him to make key appointments, including to the judiciary. It also forced him to negotiate with the opposition every initiative he sends to the legislature.<a href="#cite_note-159">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[149]</a> In April 2023, President Alberto Fernandez announced that he will not seek re-election in the next <a href="/wiki/2023_Argentine_general_election" title="2023 Argentine general election">presidential election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-161">[150]</a> The 19 November 2023 <a href="/wiki/2023_Argentine_general_election" title="2023 Argentine general election">election</a> run-off vote ended in a win for libertarian outsider <a href="/wiki/Javier_Milei" title="Javier Milei">Javier Milei</a> with close to 56% of the vote against 44% of the ruling coalition candidate <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Massa" title="Sergio Massa">Sergio Massa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-162">[151]</a> On 10 December 2023, Javier Milei was sworn in as the new president of Argentina.<a href="#cite_note-163">[152]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Argentina" title="Geography of Argentina">Geography of Argentina</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Argentina_topo_blank.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Argentina_topo_blank.jpg/220px-Argentina_topo_blank.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="296" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="2153"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 296px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Argentina_topo_blank.jpg/220px-Argentina_topo_blank.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="296" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Argentina_topo_blank.jpg/330px-Argentina_topo_blank.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Argentina_topo_blank.jpg/440px-Argentina_topo_blank.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Topographical map of Argentina</figcaption></figure> With a mainland surface area of 2,780,400 km2 (1,073,518 sq mi),<a href="#cite_note-excl_area-11">[B]</a> Argentina is located in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Cone" title="Southern Cone">southern South America</a>, sharing land borders with Chile across the <a href="/wiki/Andes" title="Andes">Andes</a> to the west;<a href="#cite_note-164">[153]</a> Bolivia and Paraguay to the north; Brazil to the northeast, <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> and the <a href="/wiki/South_Atlantic_Ocean" class="mw-redirect" title="South Atlantic Ocean">South Atlantic Ocean</a> to the east;<a href="#cite_note-igngeo-165">[154]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Drake_Passage" title="Drake Passage">Drake Passage</a> to the south;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKinney19936FearnsFearns200531-166">[155]</a> for an overall land border length of 9,376 km (5,826 mi). Its coastal border over the <a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata" title="Río de la Plata">Río de la Plata</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Atlantic_Ocean" class="mw-redirect" title="South Atlantic Ocean">South Atlantic Ocean</a> is 5,117 km (3,180 mi) long.<a href="#cite_note-igngeo-165">[154]</a> Argentina's highest point is <a href="/wiki/Aconcagua" title="Aconcagua">Aconcagua</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Mendoza_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Mendoza province">Mendoza province</a> (6,959 m (22,831 ft) above sea level),<a href="#cite_note-ignmax-167">[156]</a> also the highest point in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Hemisphere" title="Southern Hemisphere">Southern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_Hemisphere" title="Western Hemisphere">Western Hemispheres</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYoung200552-168">[157]</a> The lowest point is <a href="/wiki/Laguna_del_Carb%C3%B3n" title="Laguna del Carbón">Laguna del Carbón</a> in the San Julián Great Depression <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_province,_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Cruz province, Argentina">Santa Cruz province</a> (−105 m (−344 ft) below sea level,<a href="#cite_note-ignmax-167">[156]</a> also the lowest point in the Southern and Western Hemispheres, and the seventh lowest point on Earth).<a href="#cite_note-169">[158]</a> The northernmost point is at the confluence of the <a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Grande_de_San_Juan" title="Río Grande de San Juan">Grande de San Juan</a> and Mojinete rivers in <a href="/wiki/Jujuy_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Jujuy province">Jujuy province</a>; the southernmost is <a href="/wiki/Cape_San_P%C3%ADo" title="Cape San Pío">Cape San Pío</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tierra_del_Fuego_province,_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Tierra del Fuego province, Argentina">Tierra del Fuego province</a>; the easternmost is northeast of <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_de_Irigoyen,_Misiones" title="Bernardo de Irigoyen, Misiones">Bernardo de Irigoyen, Misiones</a> and the westernmost is within <a href="/wiki/Los_Glaciares_National_Park" title="Los Glaciares National Park">Los Glaciares National Park</a> in Santa Cruz province.<a href="#cite_note-igngeo-165">[154]</a> The maximum north–south distance is 3,694 km (2,295 mi), while the maximum east–west one is 1,423 km (884 mi).<a href="#cite_note-igngeo-165">[154]</a> Some of the major rivers are the <a href="/wiki/Paran%C3%A1_River" title="Paraná River">Paraná</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uruguay_River" title="Uruguay River">Uruguay</a>—which join to form the Río de la Plata, <a href="/wiki/Paraguay_River" title="Paraguay River">Paraguay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salado_River,_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Salado River, Argentina">Salado</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Negro_River,_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Río Negro River, Argentina">Negro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_River,_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Cruz River, Argentina">Santa Cruz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pilcomayo_River" title="Pilcomayo River">Pilcomayo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bermejo_River" title="Bermejo River">Bermejo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Colorado_River,_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Colorado River, Argentina">Colorado</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCloskeyBurford20065,_7%E2%80%938,_51,_175-170">[159]</a> These rivers are discharged into the <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Sea" title="Argentine Sea">Argentine Sea</a>, the shallow area of the Atlantic Ocean over the <a href="/wiki/Patagonian_Shelf" title="Patagonian Shelf">Patagonian Shelf</a>, an unusually wide <a href="/wiki/Continental_platform" class="mw-redirect" title="Continental platform">continental platform</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCloskeyBurford20068-171">[160]</a> Its waters are influenced by two major ocean currents: the warm <a href="/wiki/Brazil_Current" title="Brazil Current">Brazil Current</a> and the cold <a href="/wiki/Falklands_Current" class="mw-redirect" title="Falklands Current">Falklands Current</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCloskeyBurford200618-172">[161]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biodiversity">Biodiversity</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Environment_of_Argentina" title="Environment of Argentina">Environment of Argentina</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aconcagua2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="Mountain tops, with clouds shown." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Aconcagua2016.jpg/220px-Aconcagua2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4994" data-file-height="2758"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 121px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Aconcagua2016.jpg/220px-Aconcagua2016.jpg" data-alt="Mountain tops, with clouds shown." data-width="220" data-height="121" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Aconcagua2016.jpg/330px-Aconcagua2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Aconcagua2016.jpg/440px-Aconcagua2016.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Aconcagua" title="Aconcagua">Aconcagua</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Extremes_of_Altitude" class="mw-redirect" title="Extremes of Altitude">highest mountain</a> outside of Asia, at 6,960.8 metres (22,837 ft), and the highest point in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Hemisphere" title="Southern Hemisphere">Southern Hemisphere</a>.<a href="#cite_note-UNC-Sigma-173">[162]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pncardones.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Pncardones.jpg/220px-Pncardones.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="531"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Pncardones.jpg/220px-Pncardones.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Pncardones.jpg/330px-Pncardones.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Pncardones.jpg/440px-Pncardones.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Los_Cardones_National_Park" title="Los Cardones National Park">Los Cardones National Park</a></figcaption></figure> Argentina is one of the most <a href="/wiki/Biodiverse" class="mw-redirect" title="Biodiverse">biodiverse</a> countries in the world<a href="#cite_note-cbd-174">[163]</a> hosting one of the greatest <a href="/wiki/Ecosystem" title="Ecosystem">ecosystem</a> varieties in the world: 15 continental zones, 2 marine zones, and the Antarctic region are all represented in its territory.<a href="#cite_note-cbd-174">[163]</a> This huge ecosystem variety has led to a biological diversity that is among the world's largest:<a href="#cite_note-cbd-174">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-wcmc-175">[164]</a> 9,372 cataloged <a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">vascular plant</a> species (ranked 24th);<a href="#cite_note-176">[H]</a> 1,038 cataloged bird species (ranked 14th);<a href="#cite_note-177">[I]</a> 375 cataloged <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammal</a> species (ranked 12th);<a href="#cite_note-178">[J]</a> 338 cataloged <a href="/wiki/Reptile" title="Reptile">reptilian</a> species (ranked 16th); and 162 cataloged <a href="/wiki/Amphibian" title="Amphibian">amphibian</a> species (ranked 19th). In Argentina <a href="/wiki/Forest_cover" title="Forest cover">forest cover</a> is around 10% of the total land area, equivalent to 28,573,000 hectares (ha) of forest in 2020, down from 35,204,000 hectares (ha) in 1990. In 2020, naturally regenerating forest covered 27,137,000 hectares (ha) and planted forest covered 1,436,000 hectares (ha). Of the naturally regenerating forest 0% was reported to be <a href="/wiki/Primary_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary forest">primary forest</a> (consisting of native tree species with no clearly visible indications of human activity) and around 7% of the forest area was found within protected areas. For the year 2015, 0% of the forest area was reported to be under <a href="/wiki/State_ownership" title="State ownership">public ownership</a>, 4% <a href="/wiki/Private_property" title="Private property">private ownership</a> and 96% with ownership listed as other or unknown.<a href="#cite_note-179">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[166]</a> The original <a href="/wiki/Pampa" class="mw-redirect" title="Pampa">pampa</a> had virtually no trees; some imported species such as the <a href="/wiki/Platanus_occidentalis" title="Platanus occidentalis">American sycamore</a> or <a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus" title="Eucalyptus">eucalyptus</a> are present along roads or in towns and country estates (estancias). The only tree-like plant native to the pampa is the evergreen <a href="/wiki/Omb%C3%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Ombú">Ombú</a>. The surface soils of the pampa are a deep black color, primarily <a href="/wiki/Mollisols" class="mw-redirect" title="Mollisols">mollisols</a>, known commonly as humus. This makes the region one of the most agriculturally productive on Earth; however, this is also responsible for decimating much of the original ecosystem, to make way for commercial agriculture.<a href="#cite_note-181">[167]</a> The western pampas receive less rainfall, this dry pampa is a plain of short grasses or <a href="/wiki/Steppe" title="Steppe">steppe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-182">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-183">[169]</a> The <a href="/wiki/National_Parks_of_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="National Parks of Argentina">National Parks of Argentina</a> make up a network of 35 <a href="/wiki/National_park" title="National park">national parks</a> in Argentina. The parks cover a very varied set of terrains and <a href="/wiki/Biotope" title="Biotope">biotopes</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Barit%C3%BA_National_Park" title="Baritú National Park">Baritú National Park</a> on the northern border with <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> to <a href="/wiki/Tierra_del_Fuego_National_Park" title="Tierra del Fuego National Park">Tierra del Fuego National Park</a> in the far south of the continent. The <a href="/wiki/Administraci%C3%B3n_de_Parques_Nacionales" title="Administración de Parques Nacionales">Administración de Parques Nacionales</a> (National Parks Administration) is the agency that preserves and manages these national parks along with <a href="/wiki/Natural_monument" title="Natural monument">Natural monuments</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="National Reserve">National Reserves</a> within the country.<a href="#cite_note-184">[170]</a> Argentina had a 2018 <a href="/wiki/Forest_Landscape_Integrity_Index" title="Forest Landscape Integrity Index">Forest Landscape Integrity Index</a> mean score of 7.21/10, ranking it 47th globally out of 172 countries.<a href="#cite_note-FLII-Supplementary-185">[171]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Argentina" title="Climate of Argentina">Climate of Argentina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Climatic_regions_of_Argentina" title="Climatic regions of Argentina">Climatic regions of Argentina</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Koppen-Geiger_Map_ARG_present.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Koppen-Geiger_Map_ARG_present.svg/220px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_ARG_present.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="423"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 182px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Koppen-Geiger_Map_ARG_present.svg/220px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_ARG_present.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="182" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Koppen-Geiger_Map_ARG_present.svg/330px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_ARG_present.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Koppen-Geiger_Map_ARG_present.svg/440px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_ARG_present.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> in Argentina</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Perito_Moreno_(39986110524).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Perito_Moreno_%2839986110524%29.jpg/220px-Perito_Moreno_%2839986110524%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5749" data-file-height="3833"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Perito_Moreno_%2839986110524%29.jpg/220px-Perito_Moreno_%2839986110524%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Perito_Moreno_%2839986110524%29.jpg/330px-Perito_Moreno_%2839986110524%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Perito_Moreno_%2839986110524%29.jpg/440px-Perito_Moreno_%2839986110524%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Argentina features geographical locations such as this glacier, known as the <a href="/wiki/Perito_Moreno_Glacier" title="Perito Moreno Glacier">Perito Moreno Glacier</a>.<a href="#cite_note-186">[172]</a></figcaption></figure> In general, Argentina has four main climate types: warm <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical</a>, moderate humid subtropical, <a href="/wiki/Desert_climate" title="Desert climate">arid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cold_desert" class="mw-redirect" title="Cold desert">cold</a>. all determined by the expanse across latitude, range in altitude, and relief features.<a href="#cite_note-arggov-187">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-188">[174]</a> Although the most populated areas are generally <a href="/wiki/Temperate_climate" title="Temperate climate">temperate</a>, Argentina has an exceptional amount of climate diversity,<a href="#cite_note-FAO-189">[175]</a> ranging from <a href="/wiki/Subtropical" class="mw-redirect" title="Subtropical">subtropical</a> in the north to <a href="/wiki/Polar_climate" title="Polar climate">polar</a> in the far south.<a href="#cite_note-190">[176]</a> Consequently, there is a wide variety of <a href="/wiki/Biomes" class="mw-redirect" title="Biomes">biomes</a> in the country, including <a href="/wiki/Subtropical_rainforests" class="mw-redirect" title="Subtropical rainforests">Subtropical rainforests</a>, <a href="/wiki/Semi-arid_Pampas" title="Semi-arid Pampas">semi-arid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Desert" title="Desert">arid</a> regions, <a href="/wiki/Pampas" title="Pampas">temperate plains</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Pampas" title="Pampas">Pampas</a>, and cold <a href="/wiki/Subantarctic" title="Subantarctic">subantarctic</a> in the south.<a href="#cite_note-Fernandez-191">[177]</a> The average annual precipitation ranges from 150 millimetres (6 in) in the driest parts of <a href="/wiki/Patagonia" title="Patagonia">Patagonia</a> to over 2,000 millimetres (79 in) in the westernmost parts of Patagonia and the northeastern parts of the country.<a href="#cite_note-FAO-189">[175]</a> Mean annual temperatures range from 5 °C (41 °F) in the far south to 25 °C (77 °F) in the north.<a href="#cite_note-FAO-189">[175]</a> Major wind currents include the cool <a href="/wiki/Pampero_Winds" class="mw-redirect" title="Pampero Winds">Pampero Winds</a> blowing on the flat plains of Patagonia and the Pampas; following the cold front, warm currents blow from the north in middle and late winter, creating mild conditions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMenuttiMenutti198069-192">[178]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Sudestada" title="Sudestada">Sudestada</a> usually moderates cold temperatures but brings very heavy rains, rough seas and <a href="/wiki/Coastal_flooding" title="Coastal flooding">coastal flooding</a>. It is most common in late autumn and winter along the central coast and in the Río de la Plata estuary.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMenuttiMenutti198069-192">[178]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Zonda_wind" title="Zonda wind">Zonda</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Foehn_wind" title="Foehn wind">hot dry wind</a>, affects Cuyo and the central Pampas. Squeezed of all moisture during the 6,000 m (19,685 ft) descent from the Andes, Zonda winds can blow for hours with gusts up to 120 km/h (75 mph), fueling wildfires and causing damage; between June and November, when the Zonda blows, snowstorms and <a href="/wiki/Blizzard" title="Blizzard">blizzard</a> (viento blanco) conditions usually affect higher elevations.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMenuttiMenutti198053-193">[179]</a> <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Argentina" title="Climate change in Argentina">Climate change in Argentina</a> is predicted to have significant effects on the living conditions in Argentina.<a href="#cite_note-cambioclimatico2009-194">[180]</a>: 30 The <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Argentina" title="Climate of Argentina">climate of Argentina</a> is changing with regards to precipitation patterns and temperatures. The highest increases in precipitation (from the period 1960–2010) have occurred in the eastern parts of the country. The increase in precipitation has led to more variability in precipitation from year to year in the northern parts of the country, with a higher risk of prolonged <a href="/wiki/Droughts" class="mw-redirect" title="Droughts">droughts</a>, disfavoring agriculture in these <a href="/wiki/Regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Regions">regions</a>. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2></div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Argentina" title="Politics of Argentina">Politics of Argentina</a></div> In the 20th century, Argentina experienced significant political turmoil and democratic reversals.<a href="#cite_note-Robinson-195">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-LevitskyMurillo-196">[182]</a> Between 1930 and 1976, the <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Argentine_Republic" title="Armed Forces of the Argentine Republic">armed forces</a> overthrew six governments in Argentina;<a href="#cite_note-LevitskyMurillo-196">[182]</a> and the country alternated periods of democracy (1912–1930, 1946–1955, and 1973–1976) with periods of restricted democracy and <a href="/wiki/Military_regime" class="mw-redirect" title="Military regime">military rule</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Robinson-195">[181]</a> Following a <a href="/wiki/Transition_to_democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Transition to democracy">transition</a> that began in 1983,<a href="#cite_note-Anderson-197">[183]</a> full-scale democracy in Argentina was reestablished.<a href="#cite_note-Robinson-195">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-LevitskyMurillo-196">[182]</a> Argentina's democracy endured through the <a href="/wiki/1998%E2%80%932002_Argentine_great_depression" title="1998–2002 Argentine great depression">2001–02 crisis</a> and to the present day; it is regarded as more robust than both its pre-1983 predecessors and other democracies in <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a>.<a href="#cite_note-LevitskyMurillo-196">[182]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/V-Dem_Democracy_indices" class="mw-redirect" title="V-Dem Democracy indices">V-Dem Democracy indices</a>, Argentina in 2023 was the second most <a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="Democracy in Latin America and the Caribbean">electoral democratic country in Latin America</a>.<a href="#cite_note-vdem_dataset-198">[184]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government">Government</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Argentina" title="Government of Argentina">Government of Argentina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ministries_of_the_Argentine_Republic" title="Ministries of the Argentine Republic">Ministries of the Argentine Republic</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Casa_Rosada,_Buenos_Aires,_Argentina.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Casa_Rosada%2C_Buenos_Aires%2C_Argentina.jpg/220px-Casa_Rosada%2C_Buenos_Aires%2C_Argentina.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3694" data-file-height="2144"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 128px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Casa_Rosada%2C_Buenos_Aires%2C_Argentina.jpg/220px-Casa_Rosada%2C_Buenos_Aires%2C_Argentina.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="128" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Casa_Rosada%2C_Buenos_Aires%2C_Argentina.jpg/330px-Casa_Rosada%2C_Buenos_Aires%2C_Argentina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Casa_Rosada%2C_Buenos_Aires%2C_Argentina.jpg/440px-Casa_Rosada%2C_Buenos_Aires%2C_Argentina.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Casa_Rosada" title="Casa Rosada">Casa Rosada</a>, workplace of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Argentina" title="President of Argentina">President</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palacio_del_Congreso_in_Buenos_Aires_(6370115601).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Palacio_del_Congreso_in_Buenos_Aires_%286370115601%29.jpg/220px-Palacio_del_Congreso_in_Buenos_Aires_%286370115601%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Palacio_del_Congreso_in_Buenos_Aires_%286370115601%29.jpg/220px-Palacio_del_Congreso_in_Buenos_Aires_%286370115601%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Palacio_del_Congreso_in_Buenos_Aires_%286370115601%29.jpg/330px-Palacio_del_Congreso_in_Buenos_Aires_%286370115601%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Palacio_del_Congreso_in_Buenos_Aires_%286370115601%29.jpg/440px-Palacio_del_Congreso_in_Buenos_Aires_%286370115601%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Argentina" title="National Congress of Argentina">National Congress</a> composed of the <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Senate" title="Argentine Senate">Senate</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Chamber_of_Deputies" title="Argentine Chamber of Deputies">Chamber of Deputies</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaart._63-199">[185]</a></figcaption></figure> Argentina is a <a href="/wiki/Federalism" title="Federalism">federal</a> constitutional republic and <a href="/wiki/Representative_democracy" title="Representative democracy">representative democracy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaart._1-200">[186]</a> The government is regulated by a system of <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers" title="Separation of powers">checks and balances</a> defined by the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Argentina" title="Constitution of Argentina">Constitution of Argentina</a>, the country's supreme legal document. The <a href="/wiki/Seat_of_government" title="Seat of government">seat of government</a> is the city of <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>, as designated by <a href="/wiki/Argentine_National_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Argentine National Congress">Congress</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaart._3-201">[187]</a> Suffrage is <a href="/wiki/Universal_suffrage" title="Universal suffrage">universal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Equal_suffrage" class="mw-redirect" title="Equal suffrage">equal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Secret_ballot" title="Secret ballot">secret</a> and <a href="/wiki/Compulsory_voting" title="Compulsory voting">mandatory</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaart._37-202">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-204">[K]</a> The federal government is composed of three branches. The <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislative</a> branch consists of the <a href="/wiki/Bicameralism" title="Bicameralism">bicameral</a> Congress, made up of the <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Senate" title="Argentine Senate">Senate</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Chamber_of_Deputies" title="Argentine Chamber of Deputies">Chamber of Deputies</a>. The Congress makes <a href="/wiki/Federal_law" title="Federal law">federal law</a>, <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_war" title="Declaration of war">declares war</a>, approves <a href="/wiki/Treaty" title="Treaty">treaties</a> and has the <a href="/wiki/Power_of_the_purse" title="Power of the purse">power of the purse</a> and of <a href="/wiki/Impeachment" title="Impeachment">impeachment</a>, by which it can remove sitting members of the government.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaarts._53,_59,_75-205">[190]</a> The Chamber of Deputies represents the people and has 257 voting members elected to a four-year term. Seats are apportioned among the provinces by population every tenth year.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaarts._45,_47,_50-206">[191]</a> As of 2014<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argentina&action=edit">[update]</a> ten provinces have just five deputies while the <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires_Province" title="Buenos Aires Province">Buenos Aires Province</a>, being the most populous one, has 70. The Chamber of Senators represents the provinces, and has 72 members elected <a href="/wiki/At-large" title="At-large">at-large</a> to six-year terms, with each province having three seats; one-third of Senate seats are up for election every other year.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaarts._54,_56-207">[192]</a> At least one-third of the candidates presented by the parties must be women. In the <a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">Executive</a> branch, the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Argentina" title="President of Argentina">President</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">commander-in-chief</a> of the military, can <a href="/wiki/Veto" title="Veto">veto</a> <a href="/wiki/Bill_(law)" title="Bill (law)">legislative bills</a> before they become law—subject to Congressional override—and appoints the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet of Argentina">members of the Cabinet</a> and other officers, who administer and enforce federal laws and policies.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaart._99-208">[193]</a> The President is elected <a href="/wiki/Direct_vote" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct vote">directly</a> by the vote of the people, serves a four-year term and may be elected to office no more than twice in a row.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaart._90-209">[194]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">Judicial</a> branch includes the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Argentina" title="Supreme Court of Argentina">Supreme Court</a> and lower <a href="/wiki/Law_of_Argentina" title="Law of Argentina">federal courts</a> interpret laws and <a href="/wiki/Judicial_review" title="Judicial review">overturn those</a> they find <a href="/wiki/Constitutionality" title="Constitutionality">unconstitutional</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaart._116-210">[195]</a> The Judicial is independent of the Executive and the Legislative. The Supreme Court has seven members appointed by the President—subject to Senate approval—who serve for life. The lower courts' judges are proposed by the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Magistracy_of_the_Nation" title="Council of Magistracy of the Nation">Council of Magistracy</a> (a secretariat composed of representatives of judges, lawyers, researchers, the Executive and the Legislative), and appointed by the president on Senate approval.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaarts._99,_114-211">[196]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Provinces">Provinces</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right noresize" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Map_of_Argentina_with_provinces_names_en.png/300px-Map_of_Argentina_with_provinces_names_en.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="496" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="566" data-file-height="936" usemap="#ImageMap_6d9c2a8504f5c8d6" resource="/wiki/File:Map_of_Argentina_with_provinces_names_en.png"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 300px;height: 496px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Map_of_Argentina_with_provinces_names_en.png/300px-Map_of_Argentina_with_provinces_names_en.png" data-width="300" data-height="496" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Map_of_Argentina_with_provinces_names_en.png/450px-Map_of_Argentina_with_provinces_names_en.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Map_of_Argentina_with_provinces_names_en.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element" data-usemap="#ImageMap_6d9c2a8504f5c8d6"> <map name="ImageMap_6d9c2a8504f5c8d6"><area href="/wiki/Tierra_del_Fuego_Province,_Argentina" shape="poly" coords="83,444,86,474,128,472,84,443" alt="Tierra del Fuego, Antarctica and South Atlantic Islands Province" title="Tierra del Fuego, Antarctica and South Atlantic Islands Province"><area href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_Province,_Argentina" shape="poly" coords="47,351,36,396,33,413,41,423,48,419,52,420,49,423,49,430,56,437,70,436,76,436,82,438,86,437,78,412,87,405,90,392,104,375,105,366,87,350" alt="Santa Cruz" title="Santa Cruz"><area href="/wiki/Chubut_Province" shape="poly" coords="34,299,40,337,48,351,85,349,109,326,118,305,125,298,123,293,109,291,40,295" alt="Chubut" title="Chubut"><area href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Negro_Province" shape="poly" coords="40,295,38,285,74,253,74,231,78,234,78,236,83,238,84,236,93,246,108,247,128,252,127,273,134,277,127,281,111,274,108,277,110,290" alt="Río Negro" title="Río Negro"><area href="/wiki/Neuqu%C3%A9n_Province" shape="poly" coords="38,284,40,252,47,246,39,235,41,218,46,211,58,228,61,225,73,230,73,253" alt="Neuquén" title="Neuquén"><area href="/wiki/La_Pampa_Province" shape="poly" coords="72,228,76,229,83,236,96,247,110,245,128,252,128,193,107,193,107,207,72,208" alt="La Pampa" title="La Pampa"><area href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires_Province" shape="poly" coords="135,277,127,273,129,184,147,184,160,172,164,172,185,180,183,187,199,199,196,209,203,215,191,240,164,249,145,250,138,244,139,272" alt="Buenos Aires Province" title="Buenos Aires Province"><area href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" shape="rect" coords="180,186,185,191" alt="Buenos Aires City" title="Buenos Aires City"><area href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_Province" shape="poly" coords="134,184,148,184,159,172,163,171,157,160,160,146,173,130,173,113,180,107,181,98,183,96,148,95,142,127,147,134,142,148,142,152,148,165" alt="Santa Fe" title="Santa Fe"><area href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba_Province,_Argentina" shape="poly" coords="107,193,129,192,128,184,133,184,147,165,143,154,143,146,146,135,141,127,136,127,137,123,134,120,120,118,110,117,107,119,109,120,104,125,98,137,99,151,109,156" alt="Córdoba" title="Córdoba"><area href="/wiki/San_Luis_Province" shape="poly" coords="89,207,107,207,106,170,108,166,109,162,109,157,105,157,101,152,94,152,92,153,84,150,78,151,78,156,83,161,80,165,81,170,88,180,88,189,92,193" alt="San Luis" title="San Luis"><area href="/wiki/Mendoza_Province" shape="poly" coords="47,210,47,215,59,228,60,224,74,231,73,215,72,208,90,208,91,199,92,194,87,191,87,182,87,180,81,171,79,164,83,161,78,157,73,155,72,153,64,157,57,153,51,157,52,160,47,162,48,173,50,173,52,182,48,191,47,196,44,200,47,206" alt="Mendoza" title="Mendoza"><area href="/wiki/San_Juan_Province_(Argentina)" shape="poly" coords="78,151,85,151,82,144,82,139,79,137,80,132,75,129,65,121,58,121,60,112,58,108,52,103,49,105,49,114,46,116,47,122,48,128,47,130,44,129,41,137,44,141,40,141,39,145,42,153,45,154,43,156,48,163,50,156,58,154,64,157,70,152,78,157" alt="San Juan" title="San Juan"><area href="/wiki/La_Rioja_Province,_Argentina" shape="poly" coords="85,150,90,153,99,151,98,136,103,126,90,109,89,104,83,99,79,102,75,102,71,102,69,99,67,99,65,95,65,93,60,94,56,94,54,97,54,101,50,103,57,108,58,111,58,119,63,121,66,120,74,127,81,132,80,137" alt="La Rioja" title="La Rioja"><area href="/wiki/Catamarca_Province" shape="poly" coords="54,94,59,94,64,94,68,100,69,98,73,101,79,102,81,99,87,100,90,103,91,108,100,114,102,119,103,126,109,122,107,119,110,118,109,107,104,103,105,96,103,93,100,96,97,93,96,85,93,85,93,83,96,82,96,78,92,76,93,72,93,69,90,73,85,64,86,57,76,57,73,58,64,56,61,56,61,61,64,69,60,73,65,80,64,84,60,83" alt="Catamarca" title="Catamarca"><area href="/wiki/Salta_Province" shape="poly" coords="62,55,69,58,75,57,87,57,87,61,84,65,89,73,93,70,98,72,99,68,103,68,113,72,115,63,127,63,141,45,141,20,134,11,128,11,125,13,121,11,118,13,118,16,114,20,111,15,109,13,104,12,102,19,105,25,107,30,108,32,114,31,116,31,117,40,113,42,114,47,109,47,99,46,95,41,93,35,90,31,89,33,89,42,85,43,81,39,78,37,64,46,59,52" alt="Salta" title="Salta"><area href="/wiki/Jujuy_Province" shape="poly" coords="76,38,80,37,84,40,88,42,91,37,88,32,90,30,92,33,94,38,96,40,99,45,102,45,109,47,111,45,113,46,113,40,117,40,117,30,114,32,107,32,105,26,101,21,103,12,98,12,94,10,90,6,88,10,85,14,83,17,79,19,77,23,80,26" alt="Jujuy" title="Jujuy"><area href="/wiki/Tucum%C3%A1n_Province" shape="poly" coords="94,71,97,74,100,71,99,69,99,67,102,68,107,71,112,72,115,75,107,87,109,92,105,95,104,93,101,95,96,93,96,85,93,85,96,78,93,75" alt="Tucumán" title="Tucumán"><area href="/wiki/Santiago_del_Estero_Province" shape="poly" coords="115,65,117,62,119,64,126,64,129,62,148,63,149,95,142,127,137,128,137,122,135,120,127,121,123,117,119,118,110,118,110,114,109,112,109,105,104,103,105,100,105,95,108,93,108,89,116,76,113,73" alt="Santiago del Estero" title="Santiago del Estero"><area href="/wiki/Chaco_Province" shape="poly" coords="127,63,149,63,148,96,183,96,183,86,191,81,182,73,179,73,165,57,147,46,147,43,141,42,141,46" alt="Chaco" title="Chaco"><area href="/wiki/Formosa_Province" shape="poly" coords="141,41,148,46,163,52,179,72,182,72,191,81,194,73,201,63,205,61,198,54,195,53,189,50,187,51,176,46,173,40,164,37,160,38,141,20" alt="Formosa" title="Formosa"><area href="/wiki/Corrientes_Province" shape="poly" coords="172,131,181,126,184,126,186,125,190,127,194,135,195,129,203,124,201,122,204,118,207,119,213,113,216,111,220,105,224,101,220,93,223,87,216,91,215,90,211,91,195,84,189,84,184,88,184,93,181,99,180,107,173,114" alt="Corrientes" title="Corrientes"><area href="/wiki/Misiones_Province" shape="poly" coords="222,87,219,92,224,101,227,100,233,94,237,96,242,90,247,86,252,77,250,74,250,70,247,63,243,63,240,63,238,66,237,77,234,82,224,87" alt="Misiones" title="Misiones"><area href="/wiki/Provincia_de_Entre_R%C3%ADos" shape="poly" coords="161,147,169,139,173,131,182,126,185,126,190,127,192,130,193,134,196,136,196,141,193,145,192,148,190,149,190,153,189,160,188,167,185,170,185,180,165,174,158,165,158,164,158,157,160,149" alt="Entre Ríos" title="Entre Ríos"><area href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands_sovereignty_dispute" shape="rect" coords="136,410,187,446" alt="Malvinas Islands" title="Malvinas Islands"><area href="/wiki/Argentine_Antarctica" shape="poly" coords="242,491,198,395,225,385,245,384,260,386,287,395" alt="Argentine Antarctica" title="Argentine Antarctica"></map><figcaption>Provinces of Argentina. Click to explore.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Argentina" title="Provinces of Argentina">Provinces of Argentina</a></div> Argentina is a federation of twenty-three provinces and one <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_city" title="Autonomous city">autonomous city</a>, Buenos Aires. Provinces are divided for administration purposes into <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_Argentina" title="Departments of Argentina">departments</a> and <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Argentina" title="Municipalities of Argentina">municipalities</a>, except for Buenos Aires Province, which is divided into <a href="/wiki/Partidos_of_Buenos_Aires" title="Partidos of Buenos Aires">partidos</a>. The City of Buenos Aires is divided into <a href="/wiki/Barrios_and_Communes_of_Buenos_Aires" class="mw-redirect" title="Barrios and Communes of Buenos Aires">communes</a>. Provinces hold all the power that they chose not to delegate to the federal government;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaart._121-212">[197]</a> they must be representative republics and must not contradict the Constitution.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaarts._5%E2%80%936-213">[198]</a> Beyond this they are fully autonomous: they enact their own constitutions,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaart._123-214">[199]</a> freely organize their local governments,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaart._122-215">[200]</a> and own and manage their natural and financial resources.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaarts._124%E2%80%93125-216">[201]</a> Some provinces have bicameral legislatures, while others have <a href="/wiki/Unicameralism" title="Unicameralism">unicameral</a> ones.<a href="#cite_note-218">[L]</a> <a href="/wiki/La_Pampa_Province" title="La Pampa Province">La Pampa</a> and Chaco became provinces in 1951. Misiones did so in 1953, and <a href="/wiki/Formosa_Province" title="Formosa Province">Formosa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neuqu%C3%A9n_Province" title="Neuquén Province">Neuquén</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Negro_Province" title="Río Negro Province">Río Negro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chubut_Province" title="Chubut Province">Chubut</a> and Santa Cruz, in 1955. The last national territory, Tierra del Fuego, became the <a href="/wiki/Tierra_del_Fuego,_Ant%C3%A1rtida_e_Islas_del_Atl%C3%A1ntico_Sur_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur Province">Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur Province</a> in 1990.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERey_Balmaceda199519-219">[203]</a> It has three components, although two are nominal because they are not under Argentine sovereignty. The first is the Argentine part of Tierra del Fuego; the second is an area of Antarctica claimed by Argentina that overlaps with similar areas claimed by the UK and Chile; the third comprises the two disputed British Overseas Territories of the <a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Duggan_and_Lewis-220">[204]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_relations">Foreign relations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Argentina" title="Foreign relations of Argentina">Foreign relations of Argentina</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BRICS_members_and_guest_at_the_6th_BRICS_summit_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/BRICS_members_and_guest_at_the_6th_BRICS_summit_2014.jpg/220px-BRICS_members_and_guest_at_the_6th_BRICS_summit_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3280"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/BRICS_members_and_guest_at_the_6th_BRICS_summit_2014.jpg/220px-BRICS_members_and_guest_at_the_6th_BRICS_summit_2014.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/BRICS_members_and_guest_at_the_6th_BRICS_summit_2014.jpg/330px-BRICS_members_and_guest_at_the_6th_BRICS_summit_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/BRICS_members_and_guest_at_the_6th_BRICS_summit_2014.jpg/440px-BRICS_members_and_guest_at_the_6th_BRICS_summit_2014.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cristina_Kirchner" class="mw-redirect" title="Cristina Kirchner">Cristina Kirchner</a> alongside the members of <a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">BRICS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_American_Nations" title="Union of South American Nations">Union of South American Nations</a> in 2014</figcaption></figure> Foreign policy is handled by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs,_International_Trade_and_Worship" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs, International Trade and Worship">Ministry of Foreign Affairs, International Trade and Worship</a>, which answers to the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Argentina" title="President of Argentina">President</a>. The country is one of the <a href="/wiki/Group_of_15" title="Group of 15">G-15</a> and <a href="/wiki/G-20_major_economies" class="mw-redirect" title="G-20 major economies">G-20 major economies</a> of the world, and a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/UN" class="mw-redirect" title="UN">UN</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Bank_Group" title="World Bank Group">WBG</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">WTO</a> and <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_States" title="Organization of American States">OAS</a>. In 2012 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_election,_2012" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Security Council election, 2012">Argentina was elected again</a> to a two-year non-permanent position on the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a> and is participating in major peacekeeping operations in <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Stabilization_Mission_in_Haiti" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti">Haiti</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Peacekeeping_Force_in_Cyprus" title="United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus">Cyprus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara" title="Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>.<a href="#cite_note-221">[205]</a> Argentina is described as a <a href="/wiki/Middle_power" title="Middle power">middle power</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWood198818Solomon19973-27">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cooper-222">[206]</a> A prominent Latin American<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHuntington20006Nierop200161Lake200955Papadopoulos2010283Malamud20119Boughton2012101-28">[22]</a> and Southern Cone<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris198863AdlerGreve200978Ruiz-DanaGoldschagClaroBlanco200918-29">[23]</a> <a href="/wiki/Regional_power" title="Regional power">regional power</a>, Argentina co-founded <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Ibero-American_States" title="Organization of Ibero-American States">OEI</a> and <a href="/wiki/Community_of_Latin_American_and_Caribbean_States" title="Community of Latin American and Caribbean States">CELAC</a>. It is also a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/Mercosur" title="Mercosur">Mercosur</a> block, having Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> as partners. Since 2002 the country has emphasized its key role in <a href="/wiki/Latin_American_integration" title="Latin American integration">Latin American integration</a>, and the block—which has some supranational legislative functions—is its first international priority.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGalasso2011600vol._II-223">[207]</a> Argentina claims 965,597 km2 (372,819 sq mi) in <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Antarctica" title="Argentine Antarctica">Antarctica</a>, where it has the world's oldest <a href="/wiki/Orcadas_Base" title="Orcadas Base">continuous state presence</a>, since 1904.<a href="#cite_note-224">[208]</a> This overlaps claims by <a href="/wiki/Chilean_Antarctic_Territory" title="Chilean Antarctic Territory">Chile</a> and the <a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Territory" title="British Antarctic Territory">United Kingdom</a>, though all such claims fall under the provisions of the 1961 <a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Antarctic Treaty">Antarctic Treaty</a>, of which Argentina is a founding signatory and permanent consulting member, with the <a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Treaty_Secretariat" class="mw-redirect" title="Antarctic Treaty Secretariat">Antarctic Treaty Secretariat</a> being based in Buenos Aires.<a href="#cite_note-225">[209]</a> Argentina <a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands_sovereignty_dispute" title="Falkland Islands sovereignty dispute">disputes sovereignty</a> over the Falkland Islands (Spanish: Islas Malvinas), and <a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_South_Sandwich_Islands_sovereignty_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands sovereignty dispute">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_ArgentinaT._P._1-226">[210]</a> which are administered by the United Kingdom as <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">Overseas Territories</a>. Argentina is a party to the <a href="/wiki/Rome_Statute_of_the_International_Criminal_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court">Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court</a>.<a href="#cite_note-227">[211]</a> Argentina is a <a href="/wiki/Major_non-NATO_ally" title="Major non-NATO ally">Major non-NATO ally</a> since 1998<a href="#cite_note-Major_Non-NATO_Ally_Status-30">[24]</a> and an <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a> candidate country since January 2022.<a href="#cite_note-228">[212]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Armed_forces">Armed forces</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Argentine_Republic" title="Armed Forces of the Argentine Republic">Armed Forces of the Argentine Republic</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A-4AR_Fightinghawk_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/A-4AR_Fightinghawk_2010.jpg/220px-A-4AR_Fightinghawk_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1209" data-file-height="819"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 149px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/A-4AR_Fightinghawk_2010.jpg/220px-A-4AR_Fightinghawk_2010.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="149" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/A-4AR_Fightinghawk_2010.jpg/330px-A-4AR_Fightinghawk_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/A-4AR_Fightinghawk_2010.jpg/440px-A-4AR_Fightinghawk_2010.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_A-4AR_Fightinghawk" title="Lockheed Martin A-4AR Fightinghawk">Lockheed Martin A-4AR Fightinghawk</a> operated by the <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Air_Force" title="Argentine Air Force">Argentine Air Force</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:D13_ARA_Sarandi_DN-SC-91-01826.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/D13_ARA_Sarandi_DN-SC-91-01826.jpg/220px-D13_ARA_Sarandi_DN-SC-91-01826.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1024"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 176px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/D13_ARA_Sarandi_DN-SC-91-01826.jpg/220px-D13_ARA_Sarandi_DN-SC-91-01826.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="176" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/D13_ARA_Sarandi_DN-SC-91-01826.jpg/330px-D13_ARA_Sarandi_DN-SC-91-01826.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/D13_ARA_Sarandi_DN-SC-91-01826.jpg/440px-D13_ARA_Sarandi_DN-SC-91-01826.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Argentine destroyer <a href="/wiki/ARA_Sarand%C3%AD_(D-13)" title="ARA Sarandí (D-13)">ARA Sarandí (D-13)</a></figcaption></figure> The president holds the title of commander-in-chief of the Argentine Armed Forces, as part of a legal framework that imposes a strict separation between national defense and internal security systems:<a href="#cite_note-229">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-lsi-230">[214]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Argentine_defense_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Argentine defense industry">National Defense System</a>, an exclusive responsibility of the federal government,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaarts._125%E2%80%93126-231">[215]</a> coordinated by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defense_(Argentina)" title="Ministry of Defense (Argentina)">Ministry of Defense</a>, and comprising the <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Army" title="Argentine Army">Army</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Navy" title="Argentine Navy">Navy</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Air_Force" title="Argentine Air Force">Air Force</a>.<a href="#cite_note-232">[216]</a> Ruled and monitored by Congress<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaarts._21,_75,_99-233">[217]</a> through the Houses' Defense Committees,<a href="#cite_note-resdal-234">[218]</a> it is organized on the essential principle of legitimate self-defense: the repelling of any external military aggression in order to guarantee freedom of the people, national sovereignty, and territorial integrity.<a href="#cite_note-resdal-234">[218]</a> Its secondary missions include committing to multinational operations within the framework of the United Nations, participating in internal support missions, assisting friendly countries, and establishing a sub-regional defense system.<a href="#cite_note-resdal-234">[218]</a> <a href="/wiki/Military_service" title="Military service">Military service</a> is voluntary, with enlistment age between 18 and 24 years old and no <a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">conscription</a>.<a href="#cite_note-235">[219]</a> Argentina's defense has historically been one of the best equipped in the region, even managing <a href="/wiki/Argentine_defense_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Argentine defense industry">its own weapon research facilities, shipyards, ordnance, tank and plane factories</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaldifassiAbetti199465%E2%80%9386-236">[220]</a> However, real military expenditures declined steadily after the defeat in the <a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands/Malvinas War</a> and the defense budget in 2011 was only about 0.74% of GDP, a historical minimum,<a href="#cite_note-237">[221]</a> below the Latin American average. Within the defence budget itself, funding for training and even basic maintenance has been significantly cut, a factor contributing to the <a href="/wiki/Disappearance_of_ARA_San_Juan" title="Disappearance of ARA San Juan">accidental loss of the Argentine submarine San Juan</a> in 2017. The result has been a steady erosion of Argentine military capabilities, with some arguing that Argentina had, by the end of the 2010s, ceased to be a capable military power.<a href="#cite_note-238">[222]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Interior_Security_System" title="Interior Security System">Interior Security System</a> is jointly administered by the federal and subscribing provincial governments.<a href="#cite_note-lsi-230">[214]</a> At the federal level it is coordinated by the Interior, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defense_(Argentina)" title="Ministry of Defense (Argentina)">Security</a> and Justice ministries, and monitored by Congress.<a href="#cite_note-lsi-230">[214]</a> It is enforced by the <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Federal_Police" title="Argentine Federal Police">Federal Police</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Naval_Prefecture" title="Argentine Naval Prefecture">Prefecture</a>, which fulfills <a href="/wiki/Coast_guard" title="Coast guard">coast guard</a> duties; the <a href="/wiki/Argentine_National_Gendarmerie" title="Argentine National Gendarmerie">Gendarmerie</a>, which serves <a href="/wiki/Border_guard" title="Border guard">border guard</a> tasks; and the <a href="/wiki/Airport_Security_Police_(Argentina)" title="Airport Security Police (Argentina)">Airport Security Police</a>.<a href="#cite_note-239">[223]</a> At the provincial level it is coordinated by the respective internal security ministries and enforced by local police agencies.<a href="#cite_note-lsi-230">[214]</a> Argentina was the only South American country to send warships and cargo planes in 1991 to the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a> under <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">UN</a> mandate and has remained involved in <a href="/wiki/Peacekeeping" title="Peacekeeping">peacekeeping</a> efforts in multiple locations such as <a href="/wiki/UNPROFOR" class="mw-redirect" title="UNPROFOR">UNPROFOR</a> in <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>/<a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Fonseca" title="Gulf of Fonseca">Gulf of Fonseca</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Peacekeeping_Force_in_Cyprus" title="United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus">UNFICYP</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> (where among Army and Marines troops the Air Force provided the UN Air contingent since 1994) and <a href="/wiki/MINUSTAH" class="mw-redirect" title="MINUSTAH">MINUSTAH</a> in <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a>. Argentina is the only Latin American country to maintain troops in <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> during <a href="/wiki/SFOR" class="mw-redirect" title="SFOR">SFOR</a> (and later <a href="/wiki/EUFOR" class="mw-redirect" title="EUFOR">EUFOR</a>) operations where <a href="/wiki/Combat_engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Combat engineering">combat engineers</a> of the Argentine Armed Forces are embedded in an <a href="/wiki/Italian_Army" title="Italian Army">Italian brigade</a>. In 2007, an Argentine contingent including helicopters, boats and water purification plants was sent to help <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> against their worst floods in decades.<a href="#cite_note-240">[224]</a> In 2010 the Armed Forces were also involved in <a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_response_by_national_governments_to_the_2010_Haiti_earthquake" title="Humanitarian response by national governments to the 2010 Haiti earthquake">Haiti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_response_to_the_2010_Chile_earthquake" title="Humanitarian response to the 2010 Chile earthquake">Chile</a> humanitarian responses after their respective earthquakes. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Argentina" title="Economy of Argentina">Economy of Argentina</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Industry_in_Argentina" title="Industry in Argentina">Industry in Argentina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Argentine_foreign_trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Argentine foreign trade">Argentine foreign trade</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Puerto_Madero_-_Puente_de_la_mujer_(44673627614).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Puerto_Madero_-_Puente_de_la_mujer_%2844673627614%29.jpg/220px-Puerto_Madero_-_Puente_de_la_mujer_%2844673627614%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3136"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 123px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Puerto_Madero_-_Puente_de_la_mujer_%2844673627614%29.jpg/220px-Puerto_Madero_-_Puente_de_la_mujer_%2844673627614%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="123" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Puerto_Madero_-_Puente_de_la_mujer_%2844673627614%29.jpg/330px-Puerto_Madero_-_Puente_de_la_mujer_%2844673627614%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Puerto_Madero_-_Puente_de_la_mujer_%2844673627614%29.jpg/440px-Puerto_Madero_-_Puente_de_la_mujer_%2844673627614%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Madero" title="Puerto Madero">Puerto Madero</a> business complex in <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires_Central_Business_District" title="Buenos Aires Central Business District">Buenos Aires CBD</a></figcaption></figure> Benefiting from rich <a href="/wiki/Natural_resources" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural resources">natural resources</a>, a highly literate population, a diversified industrial base, and an export-oriented agricultural sector, the economy of Argentina is Latin America's third-largest,<a href="#cite_note-wsj1-241">[225]</a> and the second-largest in <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a>.<a href="#cite_note-242">[226]</a> Argentina was one of the richest countries in the world, on the 20th century in 1913 it was one of the wealthiest countries in the world by GDP per capita<a href="#cite_note-243">[227]</a> It has a "<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">very high</a>" rating on the Human Development Index<a href="#cite_note-UNHDR-16">[13]</a> and ranks 66th by <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita">nominal GDP per capita</a>,<a href="#cite_note-244">[228]</a> with a considerable <a href="/wiki/Single_market" title="Single market">internal market</a> size and a growing share of the <a href="/wiki/High-tech" class="mw-redirect" title="High-tech">high-tech</a> sector. As a <a href="/wiki/Emerging_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Emerging economy">middle emerging economy</a> and one of the world's top developing nations, it is a member of the <a href="/wiki/G-20_major_economies" class="mw-redirect" title="G-20 major economies">G-20 major economies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-undp2013-245">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-246">[M]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vi%C3%B1edos_de_Mendoza.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Vi%C3%B1edos_de_Mendoza.jpg/220px-Vi%C3%B1edos_de_Mendoza.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3193" data-file-height="2199"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 152px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Vi%C3%B1edos_de_Mendoza.jpg/220px-Vi%C3%B1edos_de_Mendoza.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="152" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Vi%C3%B1edos_de_Mendoza.jpg/330px-Vi%C3%B1edos_de_Mendoza.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Vi%C3%B1edos_de_Mendoza.jpg/440px-Vi%C3%B1edos_de_Mendoza.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vineyard" title="Vineyard">Vineyard</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mendoza_Province" title="Mendoza Province">Mendoza</a>. Argentina is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_wine-producing_regions" title="List of wine-producing regions">sixth-largest producer of wine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Johnson_atlas_pg_300-301-247">[230]</a></figcaption></figure> Argentina is the largest producer in the world of <a href="/wiki/Yerba_mate" class="mw-redirect" title="Yerba mate">yerba mate</a> (due to the large domestic consumption of <a href="/wiki/Mate_(drink)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mate (drink)">mate</a>), one of the five largest producers in the world of <a href="/wiki/Soybeans" class="mw-redirect" title="Soybeans">soybeans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sunflower_seed" title="Sunflower seed">sunflower seed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lemon" title="Lemon">lemon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pear" title="Pear">pear</a>, one of the ten largest producers in the world of <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grape" title="Grape">grape</a>, <a href="/wiki/Artichoke" title="Artichoke">artichoke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tobacco" title="Tobacco">tobacco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">cotton</a>, and one of the 15 largest producers in the world of <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sugarcane" title="Sugarcane">sugarcane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sorghum" title="Sorghum">sorghum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grapefruit" title="Grapefruit">grapefruit</a>. It is the largest producer in South America of wheat, sunflower seed, barley, lemon and pear.<a href="#cite_note-248">[231]</a><a href="#cite_note-249">[232]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">wine</a>, Argentina is usually among the ten <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_wine_production" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by wine production">largest producers in the world</a>.<a href="#cite_note-250">[233]</a> Argentina is also a traditional meat exporter, having been, in 2019, the 4th world producer of <a href="/wiki/Beef" title="Beef">beef</a>, with a production of 3 million tons (only behind US, Brazil and China), the 4th world producer of <a href="/wiki/Honey" title="Honey">honey</a>, and the 10th world producer of <a href="/wiki/Wool" title="Wool">wool</a>, in addition to other relevant productions.<a href="#cite_note-251">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-252">[235]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Producci%C3%B3n_Minera_en_la_Cordillera_de_los_Andes,_prov._de_San_Juan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Producci%C3%B3n_Minera_en_la_Cordillera_de_los_Andes%2C_prov._de_San_Juan.jpg/220px-Producci%C3%B3n_Minera_en_la_Cordillera_de_los_Andes%2C_prov._de_San_Juan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2080" data-file-height="1544"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 163px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Producci%C3%B3n_Minera_en_la_Cordillera_de_los_Andes%2C_prov._de_San_Juan.jpg/220px-Producci%C3%B3n_Minera_en_la_Cordillera_de_los_Andes%2C_prov._de_San_Juan.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="163" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Producci%C3%B3n_Minera_en_la_Cordillera_de_los_Andes%2C_prov._de_San_Juan.jpg/330px-Producci%C3%B3n_Minera_en_la_Cordillera_de_los_Andes%2C_prov._de_San_Juan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Producci%C3%B3n_Minera_en_la_Cordillera_de_los_Andes%2C_prov._de_San_Juan.jpg/440px-Producci%C3%B3n_Minera_en_la_Cordillera_de_los_Andes%2C_prov._de_San_Juan.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Veladero_mine" title="Veladero mine">Veladero mine</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a> mine located in the <a href="/wiki/San_Juan_Province,_Argentina" title="San Juan Province, Argentina">San Juan Province</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fiat-C%C3%B3rdoba.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Fiat-C%C3%B3rdoba.jpg/220px-Fiat-C%C3%B3rdoba.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="439"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 127px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Fiat-C%C3%B3rdoba.jpg/220px-Fiat-C%C3%B3rdoba.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="127" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Fiat-C%C3%B3rdoba.jpg/330px-Fiat-C%C3%B3rdoba.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Fiat-C%C3%B3rdoba.jpg/440px-Fiat-C%C3%B3rdoba.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fiat" title="Fiat">Fiat</a> factory in <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Argentina" title="Córdoba, Argentina">Córdoba, Argentina</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Mining_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining industry">mining industry</a> of Argentina is not as relevant as that of other countries. It stands out for being the fourth-largest producer of <a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium">lithium</a>,<a href="#cite_note-253">[236]</a> 9th of <a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">silver</a><a href="#cite_note-254">[237]</a> and 17th of <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a><a href="#cite_note-255">[238]</a> worldwide (based on 2019 data). The country stands out in the production of <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a>, being the largest producer in South America and the 18th-largest in the world, and has an average annual production close to 500 thousand barrels/day of <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">petroleum</a>, even with the under-utilization of the Vaca Muerta field, due to the country's technical and financial inability to extract these resources.<a href="#cite_note-256">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-257">[240]</a> In 2012<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argentina&action=edit">[update]</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manufacturing" title="Manufacturing">manufacturing</a> accounted for 20.3% of GDP—the largest sector in the nation's economy.<a href="#cite_note-infoeco1-258">[241]</a> Well-integrated into Argentine agriculture, half of the industrial exports have rural origin.<a href="#cite_note-infoeco1-258">[241]</a> With a 6.5% production growth rate in 2011<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argentina&action=edit">[update]</a>,<a href="#cite_note-259">[242]</a> the diversified manufacturing sector rests on a steadily growing network of <a href="/wiki/Industrial_park" title="Industrial park">industrial parks</a> (314 as of 2013<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argentina&action=edit">[update]</a>)<a href="#cite_note-260">[243]</a><a href="#cite_note-261">[244]</a> In 2012<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argentina&action=edit">[update]</a> the leading sectors by volume were: food processing, beverages and tobacco products; motor vehicles and auto parts; <a href="/wiki/Textiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Textiles">textiles</a> and leather; <a href="/wiki/Petroleum_refineries" class="mw-redirect" title="Petroleum refineries">refinery products</a> and <a href="/wiki/Biodiesel" title="Biodiesel">biodiesel</a>; chemicals and pharmaceuticals; steel, aluminum and iron; industrial and farm machinery; home appliances and furniture; plastics and tires; glass and cement; and recording and print media.<a href="#cite_note-infoeco1-258">[241]</a> In addition, Argentina has since long been one of the top five wine-producing countries in the world.<a href="#cite_note-infoeco1-258">[241]</a> High <a href="/wiki/Inflation" title="Inflation">inflation</a>—a weakness of the Argentine economy for decades—has become a trouble once again,<a href="#cite_note-nyt-2011-02-06-262">[245]</a> with an annual rate of 24.8% in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-Official_INDEC_consumer_price_index_figures_(Spanish)-263">[246]</a> In 2023 the inflation reached 102.5% among the highest inflation rates in the world.<a href="#cite_note-264">[247]</a> Approximately 43% of the Argentina's population lives below the poverty line as of 2023.<a href="#cite_note-265">[248]</a> To deter it and support the peso, the government imposed foreign currency control.<a href="#cite_note-266">[249]</a> <a href="/wiki/Income_distribution" title="Income distribution">Income distribution</a>, having improved since 2002, is classified as "medium", although it is still considerably unequal.<a href="#cite_note-gini-15">[12]</a> In January 2024, Argentina's poverty rate reached 57.4%, the highest poverty rate in the country since 2004.<a href="#cite_note-267">[250]</a> Argentina ranks 85th out of 180 countries in the <a href="/wiki/Transparency_International" title="Transparency International">Transparency International</a>'s 2017 <a href="/wiki/Corruption_Perceptions_Index" title="Corruption Perceptions Index">Corruption Perceptions Index</a>,<a href="#cite_note-268">[251]</a> an improvement of 22 positions over its 2014 rankings.<a href="#cite_note-269">[252]</a> Argentina settled its long-standing debt default crisis in 2016 with the so-called <a href="/wiki/Vulture_funds" class="mw-redirect" title="Vulture funds">vulture funds</a> after the election of Mauricio Macri, allowing Argentina to enter capital markets for the first time in a decade.<a href="#cite_note-270">[253]</a> The government of Argentina defaulted on 22 May 2020 by failing to pay a $500 million bill by its due date to its creditors. Negotiations for the restructuring of $66 billion of its debt continue.<a href="#cite_note-271">[254]</a> Poverty in Argentina was 41.7 percent at the end of the second half of 2023.<a href="#cite_note-272">[255]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Argentina" title="Tourism in Argentina">Tourism in Argentina</a></div> The country had 5.57 million visitors in 2013, ranking in terms of international tourist arrivals as the top destination in <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a>, and second in <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a> after Mexico.<a href="#cite_note-UNWTO2014-273">[256]</a> Revenues from international tourists reached US$4.41 billion in 2013, down from US$4.89 billion in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-UNWTO2014-273">[256]</a> The country's capital city, <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>, is the most visited city in <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a>.<a href="#cite_note-274">[257]</a> There are 30 <a href="/wiki/National_Parks_of_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="National Parks of Argentina">National Parks of Argentina</a> including many <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Sites_in_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage Sites in Argentina">World Heritage Sites</a>. <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1708px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><a href="/wiki/File:Panorama_from_Cerro_Campanario_-_Bariloche_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panorama of the Nahuel Huapi National Park and the Nahuel Huapi Lake from Cerro Campanario, Bariloche"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Panorama_from_Cerro_Campanario_-_Bariloche_-_panoramio.jpg/1700px-Panorama_from_Cerro_Campanario_-_Bariloche_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="1700" height="176" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="17745" data-file-height="1833"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 1700px;height: 176px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Panorama_from_Cerro_Campanario_-_Bariloche_-_panoramio.jpg/1700px-Panorama_from_Cerro_Campanario_-_Bariloche_-_panoramio.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="1700" data-height="176" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Panorama_from_Cerro_Campanario_-_Bariloche_-_panoramio.jpg/2550px-Panorama_from_Cerro_Campanario_-_Bariloche_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Panorama_from_Cerro_Campanario_-_Bariloche_-_panoramio.jpg/3400px-Panorama_from_Cerro_Campanario_-_Bariloche_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Panorama_from_Cerro_Campanario_-_Bariloche_-_panoramio.jpg" title="File:Panorama from Cerro Campanario - Bariloche - panoramio.jpg"> </a></div>Panorama of the <a href="/wiki/Nahuel_Huapi_National_Park" title="Nahuel Huapi National Park">Nahuel Huapi National Park</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Nahuel_Huapi_Lake" title="Nahuel Huapi Lake">Nahuel Huapi Lake</a> from Cerro Campanario, <a href="/wiki/Bariloche" title="Bariloche">Bariloche</a></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport">Transport</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Argentina" title="Transport in Argentina">Transport in Argentina</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Autopista_Rosario_-_C%C3%B3rdoba_km_365_hacia_el_Este.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Autopista_Rosario_-_C%C3%B3rdoba_km_365_hacia_el_Este.JPG/220px-Autopista_Rosario_-_C%C3%B3rdoba_km_365_hacia_el_Este.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2134"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Autopista_Rosario_-_C%C3%B3rdoba_km_365_hacia_el_Este.JPG/220px-Autopista_Rosario_-_C%C3%B3rdoba_km_365_hacia_el_Este.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Autopista_Rosario_-_C%C3%B3rdoba_km_365_hacia_el_Este.JPG/330px-Autopista_Rosario_-_C%C3%B3rdoba_km_365_hacia_el_Este.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Autopista_Rosario_-_C%C3%B3rdoba_km_365_hacia_el_Este.JPG/440px-Autopista_Rosario_-_C%C3%B3rdoba_km_365_hacia_el_Este.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Stretch of <a href="/wiki/National_Route_9_(Argentina)" title="National Route 9 (Argentina)">National Route 9</a> between <a href="/wiki/Rosario,_Santa_Fe" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosario, Santa Fe">Rosario</a> and <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Argentina" title="Córdoba, Argentina">Córdoba</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mar_del_plata_station_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Mar_del_plata_station_1.jpg/220px-Mar_del_plata_station_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Mar_del_plata_station_1.jpg/220px-Mar_del_plata_station_1.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Mar_del_plata_station_1.jpg/330px-Mar_del_plata_station_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Mar_del_plata_station_1.jpg/440px-Mar_del_plata_station_1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Trenes_Argentinos" title="Trenes Argentinos">Trenes Argentinos</a> <a href="/wiki/CNR_CKD8G" class="mw-redirect" title="CNR CKD8G">CNR CKD8G</a> at <a href="/wiki/Mar_del_Plata_railway_and_bus_station" title="Mar del Plata railway and bus station">Mar del Plata railway station</a></figcaption></figure> By 2004<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argentina&action=edit">[update]</a> Buenos Aires, all provincial capitals except Ushuaia, and all medium-sized towns were interconnected by 69,412 km (43,131 mi) of paved roads, out of a total road network of 231,374 km (143,769 mi).<a href="#cite_note-275">[258]</a> In 2021, the country had about 2,800 km (1,740 mi) of <a href="/wiki/Dual_carriageway" title="Dual carriageway">duplicated highways</a>, most leaving the capital <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>, linking it with cities such as <a href="/wiki/Rosario,_Santa_Fe" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosario, Santa Fe">Rosario</a> and <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba_(Argentina)" class="mw-redirect" title="Córdoba (Argentina)">Córdoba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_(Argentina)" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Fe (Argentina)">Santa Fe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mar_del_Plata" title="Mar del Plata">Mar del Plata</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paso_de_los_Libres" title="Paso de los Libres">Paso de los Libres</a> (in border with Brazil), there are also duplicated highways leaving from <a href="/wiki/Mendoza,_Argentina" title="Mendoza, Argentina">Mendoza</a> towards the capital, and between Córdoba and Santa Fé, among other locations.<a href="#cite_note-276">[259]</a> Nevertheless, this road infrastructure is still inadequate and cannot handle the sharply growing demand caused by deterioration of the railway system.<a href="#cite_note-eotn1-277">[260]</a> Argentina has the largest <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Argentina" title="Rail transport in Argentina">railway system</a> in Latin America, with 36,966 km (22,970 mi) of operating lines in 2008<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argentina&action=edit">[update]</a>, out of a full network of almost 48,000 km (29,826 mi).<a href="#cite_note-278">[261]</a> This system links all 23 provinces plus Buenos Aires City, and connects with all neighbouring countries.<a href="#cite_note-eotn1-277">[260]</a> There are four incompatible <a href="/wiki/Track_gauge" title="Track gauge">gauges</a> in use; this forces virtually all interregional freight traffic to pass through Buenos Aires.<a href="#cite_note-eotn1-277">[260]</a> The system has been in decline since the 1940s: regularly running up large budgetary deficits, by 1991 it was transporting 1,400 times less goods than it did in 1973.<a href="#cite_note-eotn1-277">[260]</a> However, in recent years the system has experienced a <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Argentina#Recent_developments_and_moves_towards_re-nationalisation" title="Rail transport in Argentina">greater degree of investment</a> from the state, in both commuter rail lines and long-distance lines, renewing rolling stock and infrastructure.<a href="#cite_note-279">[262]</a><a href="#cite_note-280">[263]</a> In April 2015, by overwhelming majority the <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Senate" title="Argentine Senate">Argentine Senate</a> passed a law which re-created <a href="/wiki/Ferrocarriles_Argentinos" title="Ferrocarriles Argentinos">Ferrocarriles Argentinos</a> (2015), effectively re-nationalising the country's railways, a move which saw support from all major political parties on both sides of the political spectrum.<a href="#cite_note-281">[264]</a><a href="#cite_note-282">[265]</a><a href="#cite_note-283">[266]</a> In 2012<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argentina&action=edit">[update]</a> there were about 11,000 km (6,835 mi) of <a href="/wiki/Waterway" title="Waterway">waterways</a>,<a href="#cite_note-284">[267]</a> mostly comprising the La Plata, Paraná, Paraguay and Uruguay rivers, with Buenos Aires, <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%A1rate,_Buenos_Aires" title="Zárate, Buenos Aires">Zárate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Campana,_Buenos_Aires" title="Campana, Buenos Aires">Campana</a>, Rosario, San Lorenzo, Santa Fe, <a href="/wiki/Barranqueras" title="Barranqueras">Barranqueras</a> and San Nicolas de los Arroyos as the main <a href="/wiki/Fluvial_port" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluvial port">fluvial ports</a>. Some of the largest <a href="/wiki/Sea_port" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea port">sea ports</a> are <a href="/wiki/La_Plata" title="La Plata">La Plata</a>–<a href="/wiki/Ensenada,_Buenos_Aires" title="Ensenada, Buenos Aires">Ensenada</a>, Bahía Blanca, <a href="/wiki/Mar_del_Plata" title="Mar del Plata">Mar del Plata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quequ%C3%A9n" title="Quequén">Quequén</a>–<a href="/wiki/Necochea" title="Necochea">Necochea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Comodoro_Rivadavia" title="Comodoro Rivadavia">Comodoro Rivadavia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Deseado" title="Puerto Deseado">Puerto Deseado</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Madryn" title="Puerto Madryn">Puerto Madryn</a>, Ushuaia and <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio_Oeste" title="San Antonio Oeste">San Antonio Oeste</a>. Buenos Aires has historically been the most important port; however since the 1990s the Up-River port region has become dominant: stretching along 67 km (42 mi) of the Paraná river shore in Santa Fe province, it includes 17 ports and in 2013<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argentina&action=edit">[update]</a> accounted for 50% of all exports. In 2013<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argentina&action=edit">[update]</a> there were 161 airports with paved runways<a href="#cite_note-285">[268]</a> out of more than a thousand.<a href="#cite_note-eotn1-277">[260]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ezeiza_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Ezeiza International Airport">Ezeiza International Airport</a>, about 35 km (22 mi) from downtown Buenos Aires,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAeberhardBensonPhillips200076-286">[269]</a> is the largest in the country, followed by <a href="/wiki/Cataratas_del_Iguaz%C3%BA_International_Airport" title="Cataratas del Iguazú International Airport">Cataratas del Iguazú</a> in Misiones, and <a href="/wiki/El_Plumerillo_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="El Plumerillo International Airport">El Plumerillo</a> in Mendoza.<a href="#cite_note-eotn1-277">[260]</a> <a href="/wiki/Aeroparque" class="mw-redirect" title="Aeroparque">Aeroparque</a>, in the city of Buenos Aires, is the most important domestic airport.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAeberhardBensonPhillips200024%E2%80%9325-287">[270]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energy">Energy</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Argentina" title="Electricity sector in Argentina">Electricity sector in Argentina</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Central_Nuclear_Atucha_I_-_II.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Central_Nuclear_Atucha_I_-_II.JPG/220px-Central_Nuclear_Atucha_I_-_II.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Central_Nuclear_Atucha_I_-_II.JPG/220px-Central_Nuclear_Atucha_I_-_II.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Central_Nuclear_Atucha_I_-_II.JPG/330px-Central_Nuclear_Atucha_I_-_II.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Central_Nuclear_Atucha_I_-_II.JPG/440px-Central_Nuclear_Atucha_I_-_II.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Atucha_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Atucha Nuclear Power Plant">Atucha Nuclear Power Plant</a> was the first nuclear power plant in <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a>.<a href="#cite_note-288">[271]</a></figcaption></figure> In 2020, more than 60% of Argentina's electricity came from non-renewable sources such as natural gas, oil and coal. 27% came from <a href="/wiki/Hydropower" title="Hydropower">hydropower</a>, 7.3% from wind and solar energy and 4.4% from nuclear energy.<a href="#cite_note-289">[272]</a> At the end of 2021 Argentina was the 21st country in the world in terms of installed hydroelectric power (11.3 GW), the 26th country in the world in terms of installed wind energy (3.2 GW) and the 43rd country in the world in terms of installed solar energy (1.0 GW).<a href="#cite_note-290">[273]</a> The wind potential of the Patagonia region is considered gigantic, with estimates that the area could provide enough electricity to sustain the consumption of a country like Brazil alone. However, Argentina has infrastructural deficiencies to carry out the transmission of electricity from uninhabited areas with a lot of wind to the great centers of the country.<a href="#cite_note-291">[274]</a> In 1974 it was the first country in Latin America to put in-line a commercial nuclear power plant, <a href="/wiki/Atucha_I_Nuclear_Power_Plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Atucha I Nuclear Power Plant">Atucha I</a>. Although the Argentine-built parts for that station amounted to 10% of the total, the nuclear fuel it uses are since entirely built in the country. Later nuclear power stations employed a higher percentage of Argentine-built components; <a href="/wiki/Embalse_Nuclear_Power_Station" title="Embalse Nuclear Power Station">Embalse</a>, finished in 1983, a 30% and the 2011 <a href="/wiki/Atucha_II_Nuclear_Power_Plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Atucha II Nuclear Power Plant">Atucha II</a> reactor a 40%.<a href="#cite_note-292">[275]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Science_and_technology">Science and technology</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Argentina" title="Science and technology in Argentina">Science and technology in Argentina</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leloir_festejando.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Leloir_festejando.jpg/220px-Leloir_festejando.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="413"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 140px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Leloir_festejando.jpg/220px-Leloir_festejando.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="140" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Leloir_festejando.jpg/330px-Leloir_festejando.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Leloir_festejando.jpg/440px-Leloir_festejando.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Luis_Federico_Leloir" title="Luis Federico Leloir">Luis Federico Leloir</a> (left) and his staff toast his 1970 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a>.</figcaption></figure> Argentines have received three <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prizes</a> in the Sciences. <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Houssay" title="Bernardo Houssay">Bernardo Houssay</a>, the first Latin American recipient, discovered the role of <a href="/wiki/Pituitary_gland" title="Pituitary gland">pituitary hormones</a> in regulating <a href="/wiki/Glucose" title="Glucose">glucose</a> in animals, and shared the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine</a> in 1947. <a href="/wiki/Luis_Leloir" class="mw-redirect" title="Luis Leloir">Luis Leloir</a> discovered how organisms store energy converting glucose into <a href="/wiki/Glycogen" title="Glycogen">glycogen</a> and the compounds which are fundamental in <a href="/wiki/Metabolism" title="Metabolism">metabolizing</a> <a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">carbohydrates</a>, receiving the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a> in 1970. <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Milstein" title="César Milstein">César Milstein</a> did extensive research in <a href="/wiki/Antibody" title="Antibody">antibodies</a>, sharing the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1984. Argentine research has led to treatments for <a href="/wiki/Heart_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Heart disease">heart diseases</a> and several forms of cancer. <a href="/wiki/Domingo_Liotta" title="Domingo Liotta">Domingo Liotta</a> designed and developed the first <a href="/wiki/Artificial_heart" title="Artificial heart">artificial heart</a> that was successfully implanted in a human being in 1969. <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Favaloro" title="René Favaloro">René Favaloro</a> developed the techniques and performed the world's first <a href="/wiki/Coronary_artery_bypass_surgery" title="Coronary artery bypass surgery">coronary bypass surgery</a>. Argentina's nuclear programme has been highly successful. In 1957 Argentina was the first country in Latin America to design and build a <a href="/wiki/Research_reactor" title="Research reactor">research reactor</a> with homegrown technology, the <a href="/wiki/RA-1_Enrico_Fermi" title="RA-1 Enrico Fermi">RA-1 Enrico Fermi</a>. This reliance on the development of its own nuclear-related technologies, instead of buying them abroad, was a constant of Argentina's nuclear programme conducted by the civilian <a href="/wiki/National_Atomic_Energy_Commission" title="National Atomic Energy Commission">National Atomic Energy Commission</a> (CNEA). Nuclear facilities with Argentine technology have been built in Peru, Algeria, Australia and Egypt. In 1983, the country admitted having the capability of producing weapon-grade <a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">uranium</a>, a major step needed to assemble <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">nuclear weapons</a>; since then, however, Argentina has pledged to use nuclear power only for peaceful purposes.<a href="#cite_note-293">[276]</a> As a member of the Board of Governors of the <a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency" title="International Atomic Energy Agency">International Atomic Energy Agency</a>, Argentina has been a strong voice in support of nuclear non-proliferation efforts<a href="#cite_note-294">[277]</a> and is highly committed to global nuclear security.<a href="#cite_note-295">[278]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SAOCOM_1A_-_sala_de_integraci%C3%B3n_-_CEATSA_-_072018_-22_0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/SAOCOM_1A_-_sala_de_integraci%C3%B3n_-_CEATSA_-_072018_-22_0.jpg/220px-SAOCOM_1A_-_sala_de_integraci%C3%B3n_-_CEATSA_-_072018_-22_0.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4692" data-file-height="3104"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/SAOCOM_1A_-_sala_de_integraci%C3%B3n_-_CEATSA_-_072018_-22_0.jpg/220px-SAOCOM_1A_-_sala_de_integraci%C3%B3n_-_CEATSA_-_072018_-22_0.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/SAOCOM_1A_-_sala_de_integraci%C3%B3n_-_CEATSA_-_072018_-22_0.jpg/330px-SAOCOM_1A_-_sala_de_integraci%C3%B3n_-_CEATSA_-_072018_-22_0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/SAOCOM_1A_-_sala_de_integraci%C3%B3n_-_CEATSA_-_072018_-22_0.jpg/440px-SAOCOM_1A_-_sala_de_integraci%C3%B3n_-_CEATSA_-_072018_-22_0.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/SAOCOM_1A" class="mw-redirect" title="SAOCOM 1A">SAOCOM 1A</a> inside the facilities of <a href="/wiki/CEATSA" title="CEATSA">CEATSA</a></figcaption></figure> Despite its modest budget and numerous setbacks, academics and the sciences in Argentina have enjoyed international respect since the turn of the 1900s, when <a href="/wiki/Luis_Agote" title="Luis Agote">Luis Agote</a> devised the first safe and effective means of <a href="/wiki/Blood_transfusion" title="Blood transfusion">blood transfusion</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Favaloro" title="René Favaloro">René Favaloro</a>, who was a pioneer in the improvement of the <a href="/wiki/Coronary_artery_bypass_surgery" title="Coronary artery bypass surgery">coronary artery bypass surgery</a>. Argentine scientists are still on the cutting edge in fields such as <a href="/wiki/Nanotechnology" title="Nanotechnology">nanotechnology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">computer sciences</a>, molecular biology, oncology, ecology and cardiology. <a href="/wiki/Juan_Maldacena" title="Juan Maldacena">Juan Maldacena</a>, an Argentine-American scientist, is a leading figure in <a href="/wiki/String_theory" title="String theory">string theory</a>. Space research has also become increasingly active in Argentina. Argentine-built satellites include LUSAT-1 (1990), Víctor-1 (1996), PEHUENSAT-1 (2007),<a href="#cite_note-296">[279]</a> and those developed by <a href="/wiki/CONAE" class="mw-redirect" title="CONAE">CONAE</a>, the Argentine space agency, of the SAC series.<a href="#cite_note-297">[280]</a> Argentina has its own satellite programme, nuclear power station designs (4th generation) and public nuclear energy company <a href="/wiki/INVAP" title="INVAP">INVAP</a>, which provides several countries with nuclear reactors.<a href="#cite_note-science-298">[281]</a> Established in 1991, the <a href="/wiki/CONAE" class="mw-redirect" title="CONAE">CONAE</a> has since launched two satellites successfully and,<a href="#cite_note-299">[282]</a> in June 2009, secured an agreement with the <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">European Space Agency</a> for the installation of a 35-m diameter antenna and other mission support facilities at the <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Auger_Observatory" title="Pierre Auger Observatory">Pierre Auger Observatory</a>, the world's foremost <a href="/wiki/Cosmic_ray" title="Cosmic ray">cosmic ray</a> observatory.<a href="#cite_note-300">[283]</a> The facility will contribute to numerous ESA space probes, as well as CONAE's own, domestic research projects. Chosen from 20 potential sites and one of only three such ESA installations in the world, the new antenna will create a triangulation which will allow the ESA to ensure mission coverage around the clock<a href="#cite_note-301">[284]</a> Argentina was ranked 76th in the <a href="/wiki/Global_Innovation_Index" title="Global Innovation Index">Global Innovation Index</a> in 2024.<a href="#cite_note-302">[285]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Argentina" title="Demographics of Argentina">Demographics of Argentina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Argentines" title="Argentines">Argentines</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Population_density_by_municipality_in_Argentina,_2022.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Population_density_by_municipality_in_Argentina%2C_2022.svg/220px-Population_density_by_municipality_in_Argentina%2C_2022.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="341" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="653" data-file-height="1012"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 341px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Population_density_by_municipality_in_Argentina%2C_2022.svg/220px-Population_density_by_municipality_in_Argentina%2C_2022.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="341" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Population_density_by_municipality_in_Argentina%2C_2022.svg/330px-Population_density_by_municipality_in_Argentina%2C_2022.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Population_density_by_municipality_in_Argentina%2C_2022.svg/440px-Population_density_by_municipality_in_Argentina%2C_2022.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Population density map of Argentina in the 2022 census</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/INDEC" class="mw-redirect" title="INDEC">2010 census</a> counted 40,117,096 inhabitants, up from 36,260,130 in 2001.<a href="#cite_note-303">[286]</a><a href="#cite_note-304">[287]</a> Argentina ranks third in South America in total population, fourth in Latin America and 33rd globally. Its population density of 15 persons per square kilometer of land area is well below the world average of 50 persons. The population growth rate in 2010 was an estimated 1.03% annually, with a birth rate of 17.7 live births per 1,000 inhabitants and a mortality rate of 7.4 deaths per 1,000 inhabitants. Since 2010, the crude <a href="/wiki/Net_migration_rate" title="Net migration rate">net migration rate</a> has ranged from below zero to up to four immigrants per 1,000 inhabitants per year.<a href="#cite_note-305">[288]</a> Argentina is in the midst of a <a href="/wiki/Demographic_transition" title="Demographic transition">demographic transition</a> to an older and slower-growing population. The proportion of people under 15 is 25.6%, a little below the world average of 28%, and the proportion of people 65 and older is relatively high at 10.8%. In Latin America, this is second only to <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> and well above the world average, which is currently 7%. Argentina has a comparatively low <a href="/wiki/Infant_mortality_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Infant mortality rate">infant mortality rate</a>. Its birth rate of 2.3 children per woman is considerably below the high of 7.0 children born per woman in 1895,<a href="#cite_note-306">[289]</a> though still nearly twice as high as in Spain or Italy, which are culturally and demographically similar.<a href="#cite_note-307">[290]</a><a href="#cite_note-308">[291]</a> The median age is 31.9 years and <a href="/wiki/Life_expectancy" title="Life expectancy">life expectancy</a> at birth is 77.14 years.<a href="#cite_note-309">[292]</a> Attitudes towards <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Argentina">LGBT people</a> are generally positive within Argentina.<a href="#cite_note-310">[293]</a> In 2010, Argentina became the first country in Latin America, the second in the Americas, and the tenth worldwide to legalize <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriage</a>.<a href="#cite_note-311">[294]</a><a href="#cite_note-312">[295]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnography">Ethnography</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Argentines" title="Argentines">Argentines</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ethnography_of_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnography of Argentina">Ethnography of Argentina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Argentina" title="Immigration to Argentina">Immigration to Argentina</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Macri_con_F%C3%A9lix_Diaz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Macri_con_F%C3%A9lix_Diaz.jpg/220px-Macri_con_F%C3%A9lix_Diaz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5747" data-file-height="4400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 168px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Macri_con_F%C3%A9lix_Diaz.jpg/220px-Macri_con_F%C3%A9lix_Diaz.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="168" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Macri_con_F%C3%A9lix_Diaz.jpg/330px-Macri_con_F%C3%A9lix_Diaz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Macri_con_F%C3%A9lix_Diaz.jpg/440px-Macri_con_F%C3%A9lix_Diaz.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The cacique <a href="/wiki/Toba_people" title="Toba people">Qom</a> <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_D%C3%ADaz_(cacique)" title="Félix Díaz (cacique)">Félix Díaz</a> meets with then president Mauricio Macri.</figcaption></figure> Argentina is considered a country of immigrants.<a href="#cite_note-encuesta-313">[296]</a><a href="#cite_note-Coke-314">[297]</a><a href="#cite_note-315">[298]</a> Argentines usually refer to the country as a crisol de razas (crucible of races, or <a href="/wiki/Melting_pot" title="Melting pot">melting pot</a>). A 2010 study conducted on 218 individuals by the Argentine geneticist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Corach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel Corach (page does not exist)">Daniel Corach</a> established that the average genetic ancestry of Argentines is 79% European (mainly Italian and Spanish), 18% indigenous and 4.3% African; 63.6% of the tested group had at least one ancestor who was <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Argentina" title="Indigenous peoples in Argentina">Indigenous</a>.<a href="#cite_note-onlinelibrary.wiley.com-316">[299]</a><a href="#cite_note-317">[300]</a> The majority of Argentines descend from multiple European ethnic groups, primarily of <a href="/wiki/Italian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian people">Italian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish people">Spanish</a> descent, with over 25 million Argentines (almost 60% of the population) having some partial Italian origins.<a href="#cite_note-318">[301]</a> Argentina is also home to a notable <a href="/wiki/Asian_Argentine" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Argentine">Asian</a> population, the majority of whom are descended from either West Asians (namely <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_people" title="Lebanese people">Lebanese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syrians" title="Syrians">Syrians</a>)<a href="#cite_note-Lizcano2007-319">[302]</a> or East Asians (such as the Chinese,<a href="#cite_note-320">[303]</a> <a href="/wiki/Korean_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean people">Koreans</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_people" title="Japanese people">Japanese</a>).<a href="#cite_note-321">[304]</a> The latter of whom number around 180,000 individuals. The total number of <a href="/wiki/Arab_Argentines" title="Arab Argentines">Arab Argentines</a> (most of whom are of Lebanese or Syrian origin) is estimated to be 1.3 to 3.5 million. Many immigrated from various Asian countries to Argentina during the 19th century (especially during the latter half of the century) and the first half of the 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-Elindependiente-322">[305]</a><a href="#cite_note-323">[306]</a> Most Arab Argentines belong to the Catholic Church (including both the Latin Church and the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a>) or the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a>. A minority are <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a>. From the 1970s, immigration has mostly been coming from <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>, with smaller numbers from the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a>, Ecuador and <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>.<a href="#cite_note-324">[307]</a> The Argentine government estimates that 750,000 inhabitants lack official documents and has launched a program<a href="#cite_note-325">[308]</a> to encourage illegal immigrants to declare their status in return for two-year residence visas—so far over 670,000 applications have been processed under the program.<a href="#cite_note-326">[309]</a> As of July 2023, more than 18,500 Russians have come to Argentina after the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022</a>.<a href="#cite_note-327">[310]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Argentina" title="Languages of Argentina">Languages of Argentina</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dialectos_del_idioma_espa%C3%B1ol_en_Argentina.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Dialectos_del_idioma_espa%C3%B1ol_en_Argentina.png/170px-Dialectos_del_idioma_espa%C3%B1ol_en_Argentina.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="289" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2980" data-file-height="5069"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 289px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Dialectos_del_idioma_espa%C3%B1ol_en_Argentina.png/170px-Dialectos_del_idioma_espa%C3%B1ol_en_Argentina.png" data-width="170" data-height="289" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Dialectos_del_idioma_espa%C3%B1ol_en_Argentina.png/255px-Dialectos_del_idioma_espa%C3%B1ol_en_Argentina.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Dialectos_del_idioma_espa%C3%B1ol_en_Argentina.png/340px-Dialectos_del_idioma_espa%C3%B1ol_en_Argentina.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Dialectal variants of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish language</a> in Argentina</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a><a href="#cite_note-328">[N]</a> official language is <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>, spoken by almost all Argentines.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewisSimonsFennig2014-329">[311]</a> The country is the largest <a href="/wiki/Hispanophone" title="Hispanophone">Spanish-speaking society</a> that universally employs <a href="/wiki/Voseo" title="Voseo">voseo</a>, the use of the <a href="/wiki/Pronoun" title="Pronoun">pronoun</a> vos instead of tú ("you"), which imposes the use of alternative verb forms as well. Owing to the extensive Argentine geography, Spanish has a strong variation among regions, although the prevalent dialect is <a href="/wiki/Rioplatense_Spanish" title="Rioplatense Spanish">Rioplatense</a>, primarily spoken in the Pampean and Patagonian regions and accented similarly to the <a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_language" title="Neapolitan language">Neapolitan language</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColantoniGurlekian2004107%E2%80%93119-330">[312]</a> Italian and other European immigrants influenced <a href="/wiki/Lunfardo" title="Lunfardo">Lunfardo</a>—the regional slang—permeating the vernacular vocabulary of other Latin American countries as well. There are several second-languages in widespread use among the Argentine population: <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> (by 2.8 million people);<a href="#cite_note-331">[313]</a> <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> (by 1.5 million people);<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewisSimonsFennig2014-329">[311]</a><a href="#cite_note-332">[O]</a> <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> (specially its <a href="/wiki/Levantine_Arabic" title="Levantine Arabic">Northern Levantine dialect</a>, by one million people);<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewisSimonsFennig2014-329">[311]</a> <a href="/wiki/Standard_German" title="Standard German">Standard German</a> (by 200,000 people);<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewisSimonsFennig2014-329">[311]</a><a href="#cite_note-333">[P]</a> <a href="/wiki/Guarani_language" title="Guarani language">Guaraní</a> (by 200,000 people,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewisSimonsFennig2014-329">[311]</a> mostly in Corrientes and Misiones);<a href="#cite_note-Corrientes-5598-5">[3]</a> <a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a> (by 174,000 people);<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewisSimonsFennig2014-329">[311]</a> <a href="/wiki/Quechua_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Quechua language">Quechua</a> (by 65,000 people, mostly in the Northwest);<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewisSimonsFennig2014-329">[311]</a> <a href="/wiki/Wich%C3%AD_languages" title="Wichí languages">Wichí</a> (by 53,700 people, mainly in Chaco<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewisSimonsFennig2014-329">[311]</a> where, along with <a href="/wiki/Kom_language_(South_America)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kom language (South America)">Kom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moqoit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Moqoit language">Moqoit</a>, it is official de jure);<a href="#cite_note-kom-7">[5]</a> <a href="/wiki/Vlax_Romani_language" title="Vlax Romani language">Vlax Romani</a> (by 52,000 people);<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewisSimonsFennig2014-329">[311]</a> <a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a> (by <a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_South_America" title="Albanians in South America">40,000 people</a>);<a href="#cite_note-334">[314]</a> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a> (by 32,000 people);<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewisSimonsFennig2014-329">[311]</a> <a href="/wiki/Aymara_language" title="Aymara language">Aymara</a> (by 30,000 people, mostly in the Northwest);<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewisSimonsFennig2014-329">[311]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a> (by 27,000 people).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewisSimonsFennig2014-329">[311]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Argentina" title="Religion in Argentina">Religion in Argentina</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Francis_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Francis_2013.jpg/170px-Francis_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="928" data-file-height="1392"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 255px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Francis_2013.jpg/170px-Francis_2013.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="170" data-height="255" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Francis_2013.jpg/255px-Francis_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Francis_2013.jpg/340px-Francis_2013.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Francis</a>, the first pope from the Americas, was born and raised in Argentina.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> is the largest religion in Argentina. The Constitution guarantees <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">freedom of religion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaarts._14,_20-335">[315]</a> Although it enforces neither an official nor a state faith,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFayt1985347Bidart_Campos200553-336">[316]</a> it gives <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a> a preferential status.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaart._2-337">[317]</a><a href="#cite_note-339">[Q]</a> According to a 2008 CONICET poll, Argentines were 76.5% <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a>, 11.3% <a href="/wiki/Agnostic" class="mw-redirect" title="Agnostic">Agnostics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Atheist" class="mw-redirect" title="Atheist">Atheists</a>, 9% <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelical Protestants</a>, 1.2% <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a>, and 0.9% <a href="/wiki/Mormon" class="mw-redirect" title="Mormon">Mormons</a>, while 1.2% followed other religions, including <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMallimaciEsquivelIrraz%C3%A1bal20089-340">[319]</a> These figures appear to have changed quite significantly in recent years: data recorded in 2017 indicated that Catholics made up 66% of the population, indicating a drop of 10.5% in nine years, and the nonreligious in the country standing at 21% of the population, indicating an almost doubling over the same period.<a href="#cite_note-Latinobarometro_2017-341">[320]</a> The country is home to both one of the <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Argentina" title="Islam in Argentina">largest Muslim</a><a href="#cite_note-irfr1-338">[318]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Argentine" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Argentine">largest Jewish</a> communities in Latin America, the latter being the seventh most populous in the world.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDellaPergola201350-342">[321]</a> Argentina is a member of the <a href="/wiki/International_Holocaust_Remembrance_Alliance" title="International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance">International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-irfr1-338">[318]</a> Argentines show high individualization and de-institutionalization of religious beliefs;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMallimaciEsquivelIrraz%C3%A1bal200821-343">[322]</a> 23.8% claim to always attend religious services; 49.1% seldom do and 26.8% never do.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMallimaciEsquivelIrraz%C3%A1bal200824-344">[323]</a> On 13 March 2013, Argentine <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Jorge Mario Bergoglio</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholicism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal (Catholicism)">Cardinal</a> <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Buenos_Aires" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Buenos Aires">Archbishop of Buenos Aires</a>, was <a href="/wiki/Papal_conclave,_2013" class="mw-redirect" title="Papal conclave, 2013">elected</a> <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Bishop of Rome</a> and <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Pontiff" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Pontiff">Supreme Pontiff</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>. He took the name "<a href="/wiki/St._Francis_of_Assisi" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Francis of Assisi">Francis</a>", and he became the first Pope from either the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a> or from the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Hemisphere" title="Southern Hemisphere">Southern Hemisphere</a>; he is the first Pope born outside of Europe since the <a href="/wiki/Papal_conclave" title="Papal conclave">election</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_III" title="Pope Gregory III">Pope Gregory III</a> (who was <a href="/wiki/Syrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian">Syrian</a>) in 741.<a href="#cite_note-345">[324]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health">Health</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Health_care_in_Argentina" title="Health care in Argentina">Health care in Argentina</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuevo_HECA_Rosario.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Nuevo_HECA_Rosario.jpg/220px-Nuevo_HECA_Rosario.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1064"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Nuevo_HECA_Rosario.jpg/220px-Nuevo_HECA_Rosario.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Nuevo_HECA_Rosario.jpg/330px-Nuevo_HECA_Rosario.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Nuevo_HECA_Rosario.jpg/440px-Nuevo_HECA_Rosario.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hospital_de_Emergencias_Clemente_%C3%81lvarez" title="Hospital de Emergencias Clemente Álvarez">Clemente Álvarez Emergency Hospital</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rosario,_Santa_Fe" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosario, Santa Fe">Rosario</a></figcaption></figure> Health care is provided through a combination of employer and labour union-sponsored plans (Obras Sociales), government insurance plans, public hospitals and clinics and through private health insurance plans. Health care cooperatives number over 300 (of which 200 are related to <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">labour unions</a>) and provide health care for half the population; the national INSSJP (popularly known as PAMI) covers nearly all of the five million senior citizens.<a href="#cite_note-iadb-346">[325]</a> There are more than 153,000 hospital beds, 121,000 physicians and 37,000 dentists (ratios comparable to <a href="/wiki/Developed_country" title="Developed country">developed nations</a>).<a href="#cite_note-deis-347">[326]</a><a href="#cite_note-undata-348">[327]</a> The relatively high access to medical care has historically resulted in mortality patterns and trends similar to developed nations': from 1953 to 2005, deaths from <a href="/wiki/Cardiovascular_disease" title="Cardiovascular disease">cardiovascular disease</a> increased from 20% to 23% of the total, those from <a href="/wiki/Tumors" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumors">tumors</a> from 14% to 20%, <a href="/wiki/Respiratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Respiratory">respiratory</a> problems from 7% to 14%, <a href="/wiki/Digestive_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Digestive system">digestive</a> maladies (non-infectious) from 7% to 11%, strokes a steady 7%, injuries, 6%, and <a href="/wiki/Infection" title="Infection">infectious</a> diseases, 4%. Causes related to <a href="/wiki/Senility" class="mw-redirect" title="Senility">senility</a> led to many of the rest. Infant deaths have fallen from 19% of all deaths in 1953 to 3% in 2005.<a href="#cite_note-deis-347">[326]</a><a href="#cite_note-un57-349">[328]</a> The availability of health care has also reduced <a href="/wiki/Infant_mortality" title="Infant mortality">infant mortality</a> from 70 per 1000 live births in 1948<a href="#cite_note-un97-350">[329]</a> to 12.1 in 2009<a href="#cite_note-deis-347">[326]</a> and raised <a href="/wiki/Life_expectancy" title="Life expectancy">life expectancy</a> at birth from 60 years to 76.<a href="#cite_note-un97-350">[329]</a> Though these figures compare favorably with global averages, they fall short of levels in developed nations and in 2006, Argentina ranked fourth in Latin America.<a href="#cite_note-undata-348">[327]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Argentina" title="Education in Argentina">Education in Argentina</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:School_of_Law_-_University_of_Buenos_Aires_(4729499370).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/School_of_Law_-_University_of_Buenos_Aires_%284729499370%29.jpg/220px-School_of_Law_-_University_of_Buenos_Aires_%284729499370%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3216" data-file-height="2136"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/School_of_Law_-_University_of_Buenos_Aires_%284729499370%29.jpg/220px-School_of_Law_-_University_of_Buenos_Aires_%284729499370%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/School_of_Law_-_University_of_Buenos_Aires_%284729499370%29.jpg/330px-School_of_Law_-_University_of_Buenos_Aires_%284729499370%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/School_of_Law_-_University_of_Buenos_Aires_%284729499370%29.jpg/440px-School_of_Law_-_University_of_Buenos_Aires_%284729499370%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_Law,_University_of_Buenos_Aires" title="Faculty of Law, University of Buenos Aires">Faculty of Law</a> of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Buenos_Aires" title="University of Buenos Aires">University of Buenos Aires</a></figcaption></figure> The Argentine education system consists of four levels.<a href="#cite_note-351">[330]</a> An initial level for children between 45 days to 5 years old, with the last two years<a href="#cite_note-352">[331]</a> being compulsory. An elementary or <a href="/wiki/Lower_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower school">lower school</a> mandatory level lasting 6 or 7 years.<a href="#cite_note-leveldiff-353">[R]</a> In 2010<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argentina&action=edit">[update]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Literacy_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Literacy rate">literacy rate</a> was 98.07%.<a href="#cite_note-educ1-354">[332]</a> A secondary or <a href="/wiki/High_school" class="mw-redirect" title="High school">high school</a> mandatory level lasting 5 or 6 years.<a href="#cite_note-leveldiff-353">[R]</a> In 2010<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argentina&action=edit">[update]</a> 38.5% of people over age 20 had completed secondary school.<a href="#cite_note-educ2-355">[333]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">higher level</a>, divided in tertiary, university and post-graduate sub-levels. in 2013<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argentina&action=edit">[update]</a> there were 47 <a href="/wiki/List_of_Argentine_universities" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Argentine universities">national public universities</a> across the country, as well as 46 private ones.<a href="#cite_note-356">[334]</a> In 2010<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argentina&action=edit">[update]</a> 7.1% of people over age 20 had graduated from university.<a href="#cite_note-educ2-355">[333]</a> The public universities of <a href="/wiki/University_of_Buenos_Aires" title="University of Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universidad_Nacional_de_C%C3%B3rdoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidad Nacional de Córdoba">Córdoba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universidad_Nacional_de_La_Plata" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidad Nacional de La Plata">La Plata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universidad_Nacional_de_Rosario" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidad Nacional de Rosario">Rosario</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/National_Technological_University" title="National Technological University">National Technological University</a> are some of the most important. The Argentine state guarantees universal, secular and free-of-charge public education for all levels.<a href="#cite_note-357">[S]</a> Responsibility for educational supervision is organized at the federal and individual provincial states. In the last decades the role of the private sector has grown across all educational stages. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urbanization">Urbanization</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Argentina_by_population" title="List of cities in Argentina by population">List of cities in Argentina by population</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Argentina" title="List of cities in Argentina">List of cities in Argentina</a></div> Argentina is highly urbanized, with 92% of its population living in cities:<a href="#cite_note-358">[335]</a> the ten largest metropolitan areas account for half of the population. About 3 million people live in the city of Buenos Aires, and including the Greater Buenos Aires metropolitan area it totals around 13 million, making it one of the largest urban areas in the world.<a href="#cite_note-majorcities-359">[336]</a> The metropolitan areas of Córdoba and Rosario have around 1.3 million inhabitants each.<a href="#cite_note-majorcities-359">[336]</a> Mendoza, San Miguel de Tucumán, La Plata, Mar del Plata, Salta and Santa Fe have at least half a million people each.<a href="#cite_note-majorcities-359">[336]</a> The population is unequally distributed: about 60% live in the Pampas region (21% of the total area), including 15 million people in Buenos Aires province. The provinces of Córdoba and Santa Fe, and the city of Buenos Aires have 3 million each. Seven other provinces have over one million people each: Mendoza, Tucumán, Entre Ríos, Salta, Chaco, Corrientes and Misiones. With 64.3 inhabitants per square kilometre (167/sq mi), Tucumán is the only Argentine province more densely populated than the world average; by contrast, the southern province of Santa Cruz has around 1.1/km2 (2.8/sq mi).<a href="#cite_note-360">[337]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float: left;height:2.6em;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Largest_cities_of_Argentina" title="Template:Largest cities of Argentina"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Largest_cities_of_Argentina" title="Template talk:Largest cities of Argentina"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Largest_cities_of_Argentina" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Largest cities of Argentina"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;">Largest cities or towns in Argentina <div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;">(2021 <a href="/wiki/INDEC" class="mw-redirect" title="INDEC">INDEC</a> metro area estimate)<a href="#cite_note-361">[338]</a></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Argentina_by_population" title="List of cities in Argentina by population">Rank</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Argentina" title="List of cities in Argentina">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Argentina" title="Provinces of Argentina">Province</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Argentina_by_population" title="List of cities in Argentina by population">Pop.</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Argentina_by_population" title="List of cities in Argentina by population">Rank</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Argentina" title="List of cities in Argentina">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Argentina" title="Provinces of Argentina">Province</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Argentina_by_population" title="List of cities in Argentina by population">Pop.</a></th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Puerto_Madero,_Buenos_Aires_(40689219792).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Buenos Aires"><noscript><img alt="Buenos Aires" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Puerto_Madero%2C_Buenos_Aires_%2840689219792%29.jpg/120px-Puerto_Madero%2C_Buenos_Aires_%2840689219792%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="95" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3761" data-file-height="2966"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 95px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Puerto_Madero%2C_Buenos_Aires_%2840689219792%29.jpg/120px-Puerto_Madero%2C_Buenos_Aires_%2840689219792%29.jpg" data-alt="Buenos Aires" data-width="120" data-height="95" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Puerto_Madero%2C_Buenos_Aires_%2840689219792%29.jpg/180px-Puerto_Madero%2C_Buenos_Aires_%2840689219792%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Puerto_Madero%2C_Buenos_Aires_%2840689219792%29.jpg/240px-Puerto_Madero%2C_Buenos_Aires_%2840689219792%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Nueva_C%C3%B3rdoba.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Córdoba"><noscript><img alt="Córdoba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Nueva_C%C3%B3rdoba.jpg/120px-Nueva_C%C3%B3rdoba.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="63" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="528"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 63px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Nueva_C%C3%B3rdoba.jpg/120px-Nueva_C%C3%B3rdoba.jpg" data-alt="Córdoba" data-width="120" data-height="63" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Nueva_C%C3%B3rdoba.jpg/180px-Nueva_C%C3%B3rdoba.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Nueva_C%C3%B3rdoba.jpg/240px-Nueva_C%C3%B3rdoba.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Argentina" title="Córdoba, Argentina">Córdoba</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_city" title="Autonomous city">(Autonomous city)</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,003,000</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">11</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Resistencia,_Chaco" title="Resistencia, Chaco">Resistencia</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Chaco_Province" title="Chaco Province">Chaco</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">418,000 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Rosario_National_Flag_Memorial_View-20110510-RM-144455.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rosario"><noscript><img alt="Rosario" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Rosario_National_Flag_Memorial_View-20110510-RM-144455.jpg/120px-Rosario_National_Flag_Memorial_View-20110510-RM-144455.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Rosario_National_Flag_Memorial_View-20110510-RM-144455.jpg/120px-Rosario_National_Flag_Memorial_View-20110510-RM-144455.jpg" data-alt="Rosario" data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Rosario_National_Flag_Memorial_View-20110510-RM-144455.jpg/180px-Rosario_National_Flag_Memorial_View-20110510-RM-144455.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Rosario_National_Flag_Memorial_View-20110510-RM-144455.jpg/240px-Rosario_National_Flag_Memorial_View-20110510-RM-144455.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Rosario,_Santa_Fe" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosario, Santa Fe">Rosario</a> <a href="/wiki/File:La_parte_m%C3%A1s_moderna_de_la_Ciudad_de_Mendoza..jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mendoza"><noscript><img alt="Mendoza" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/La_parte_m%C3%A1s_moderna_de_la_Ciudad_de_Mendoza..jpg/120px-La_parte_m%C3%A1s_moderna_de_la_Ciudad_de_Mendoza..jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="63" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3815" data-file-height="1992"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 63px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/La_parte_m%C3%A1s_moderna_de_la_Ciudad_de_Mendoza..jpg/120px-La_parte_m%C3%A1s_moderna_de_la_Ciudad_de_Mendoza..jpg" data-alt="Mendoza" data-width="120" data-height="63" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/La_parte_m%C3%A1s_moderna_de_la_Ciudad_de_Mendoza..jpg/180px-La_parte_m%C3%A1s_moderna_de_la_Ciudad_de_Mendoza..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/La_parte_m%C3%A1s_moderna_de_la_Ciudad_de_Mendoza..jpg/240px-La_parte_m%C3%A1s_moderna_de_la_Ciudad_de_Mendoza..jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Mendoza,_Argentina" title="Mendoza, Argentina">Mendoza</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Argentina" title="Córdoba, Argentina">Córdoba</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba_Province,_Argentina" title="Córdoba Province, Argentina">Córdoba</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,577,000</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">12</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Santiago_del_Estero" title="Santiago del Estero">Santiago del Estero</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Santiago_del_Estero_Province" title="Santiago del Estero Province">Santiago del Estero</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">407,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Rosario,_Santa_Fe" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosario, Santa Fe">Rosario</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_Province" title="Santa Fe Province">Santa Fe</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,333,000</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">13</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Corrientes" title="Corrientes">Corrientes</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Corrientes_Province" title="Corrientes Province">Corrientes</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">384,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mendoza,_Argentina" title="Mendoza, Argentina">Mendoza</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mendoza_Province" title="Mendoza Province">Mendoza</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,036,000</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">14</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Posadas,_Misiones" title="Posadas, Misiones">Posadas</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Misiones_Province" title="Misiones Province">Misiones</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">378,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/San_Miguel_de_Tucum%C3%A1n" title="San Miguel de Tucumán">San Miguel de Tucumán</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tucum%C3%A1n_Province" title="Tucumán Province">Tucumán</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">909,000</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">15</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/San_Salvador_de_Jujuy" title="San Salvador de Jujuy">San Salvador de Jujuy</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Jujuy_Province" title="Jujuy Province">Jujuy</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">351,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/La_Plata" title="La Plata">La Plata</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires_Province" title="Buenos Aires Province">Buenos Aires</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">909,000</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">16</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%ADa_Blanca" title="Bahía Blanca">Bahía Blanca</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires_Province" title="Buenos Aires Province">Buenos Aires</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">317,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mar_del_Plata" title="Mar del Plata">Mar del Plata</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires_Province" title="Buenos Aires Province">Buenos Aires</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">651,000</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">17</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Neuqu%C3%A9n,_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuquén, Argentina">Neuquén</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Neuqu%C3%A9n_Province" title="Neuquén Province">Neuquén</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">313,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Salta" title="Salta">Salta</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Salta_Province" title="Salta Province">Salta</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">647,000</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">18</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Paran%C3%A1,_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraná, Argentina">Paraná</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Entre_R%C3%ADos_Province" title="Entre Ríos Province">Entre Ríos</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">283,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Argentina" title="San Juan, Argentina">San Juan</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_Province,_Argentina" title="San Juan Province, Argentina">San Juan</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">542,000</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">19</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Formosa,_Argentina" title="Formosa, Argentina">Formosa</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Formosa_Province" title="Formosa Province">Formosa</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">256,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_Argentina" title="Santa Fe, Argentina">Santa Fe</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_Province" title="Santa Fe Province">Santa Fe</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">540,000</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">20</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Comodoro_Rivadavia" title="Comodoro Rivadavia">Comodoro Rivadavia</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Chubut_Province" title="Chubut Province">Chubut</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">243,000 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Argentina" title="Culture of Argentina">Culture of Argentina</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Argentines" title="List of Argentines">List of Argentines</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sol_de_mayo_moneda.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Sol_de_mayo_moneda.png/170px-Sol_de_mayo_moneda.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="612" data-file-height="612"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 170px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Sol_de_mayo_moneda.png/170px-Sol_de_mayo_moneda.png" data-width="170" data-height="170" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Sol_de_mayo_moneda.png/255px-Sol_de_mayo_moneda.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Sol_de_mayo_moneda.png/340px-Sol_de_mayo_moneda.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sun_of_May" title="Sun of May">Sun of May</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Asamblea_del_A%C3%B1o_XIII" class="mw-redirect" title="Asamblea del Año XIII">first Argentine coin</a>, 1813</figcaption></figure> Argentina is a <a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">multicultural country</a> with significant European influences. Modern Argentine culture has been largely influenced by <a href="/wiki/Italian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian people">Italian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish people">Spanish</a> and other European immigration from <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland">United Kingdom</a>, among others. Its cities are largely characterized by both the prevalence of people of European descent, and of conscious imitation of American and European styles in fashion, architecture and design.<a href="#cite_note-frommer-362">[339]</a> Museums, cinemas, and galleries are abundant in all the large urban centres, as well as traditional establishments such as literary bars, or bars offering <a href="/wiki/Live_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Live music">live music</a> of a variety of genres although there are lesser elements of <a href="/wiki/Amerindian" class="mw-redirect" title="Amerindian">Amerindian</a> and <a href="/wiki/African_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="African culture">African</a> influences, particularly in the fields of music and art.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCloskeyBurford200691-363">[340]</a> The other big influence is the <a href="/wiki/Gaucho" title="Gaucho">gauchos</a> and their traditional country lifestyle of self-reliance.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCloskeyBurford2006123-364">[341]</a> Finally, indigenous American traditions have been absorbed into the general cultural milieu. Argentine writer <a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Sabato" title="Ernesto Sabato">Ernesto Sabato</a> has reflected on the nature of the culture of Argentina as follows: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">With the primitive Hispanic American reality fractured in La Plata Basin due to immigration, its inhabitants have come to be somewhat dual with all the dangers but also with all the advantages of that condition: because of our European roots, we deeply link the nation with the enduring values of the Old World; because of our condition of Americans we link ourselves to the rest of the continent, through the folklore of the interior and the old Castilian that unifies us, feeling somehow the vocation of the Patria Grande San Martín and Bolívar once imagined. <div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Sabato" title="Ernesto Sabato">Ernesto Sabato</a>, La cultura en la encrucijada nacional (1976)<a href="#cite_note-365">[342]</a></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Argentine_literature" title="Argentine literature">Argentine literature</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Argentine_literature.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="Mosaic image showing the four photographs" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Argentine_literature.jpg/220px-Argentine_literature.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="1476"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 275px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Argentine_literature.jpg/220px-Argentine_literature.jpg" data-alt="Mosaic image showing the four photographs" data-width="220" data-height="275" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Argentine_literature.jpg/330px-Argentine_literature.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Argentine_literature.jpg/440px-Argentine_literature.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Four of the most influential Argentine writers. Top-left to bottom-right: <a href="/wiki/Julio_Cort%C3%A1zar" title="Julio Cortázar">Julio Cortázar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Ocampo" title="Victoria Ocampo">Victoria Ocampo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Luis_Borges" title="Jorge Luis Borges">Jorge Luis Borges</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Bioy_Casares" title="Adolfo Bioy Casares">Adolfo Bioy Casares</a>.</figcaption></figure> Although Argentina's rich literary history began around 1550,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERivas198911-366">[343]</a> it reached full independence with <a href="/wiki/Esteban_Echeverr%C3%ADa" title="Esteban Echeverría">Esteban Echeverría</a>'s El Matadero, a <a href="/wiki/Romantic_literature" title="Romantic literature">romantic</a> landmark that played a significant role in the development of 19th century's Argentine narrative,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFosterLockhartLockhart199899-367">[344]</a> split by the ideological divide between the popular, federalist epic of <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Hern%C3%A1ndez_(writer)" title="José Hernández (writer)">José Hernández</a>' <a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_Fierro" title="Martín Fierro">Martín Fierro</a> and the elitist and cultured discourse of <a href="/wiki/Domingo_Faustino_Sarmiento" title="Domingo Faustino Sarmiento">Sarmiento</a>'s masterpiece, <a href="/wiki/Facundo" title="Facundo">Facundo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFosterLockhartLockhart199813,_101YoungCisneros201051-368">[345]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Modernist_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Modernist literature">Modernist</a> movement advanced into the 20th century including exponents such as <a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_Lugones" title="Leopoldo Lugones">Leopoldo Lugones</a> and poet <a href="/wiki/Alfonsina_Storni" title="Alfonsina Storni">Alfonsina Storni</a>;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYoungCisneros201051%E2%80%9352-369">[346]</a> it was followed by <a href="/wiki/Vanguardism" title="Vanguardism">Vanguardism</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_G%C3%BCiraldes" title="Ricardo Güiraldes">Ricardo Güiraldes</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Don_Segundo_Sombra" title="Don Segundo Sombra">Don Segundo Sombra</a> as an important reference.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFosterLockhartLockhart1998104,_107%E2%80%9309YoungCisneros2010223-370">[347]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Luis_Borges" title="Jorge Luis Borges">Jorge Luis Borges</a>, Argentina's most acclaimed writer and one of the foremost figures in the <a href="/wiki/History_of_literature" title="History of literature">history of literature</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBloom19942-371">[348]</a> found new ways of looking at the modern world in <a href="/wiki/Metaphor" title="Metaphor">metaphor</a> and philosophical debate and his influence has extended to authors all over the globe. Short stories such as <a href="/wiki/Ficciones" title="Ficciones">Ficciones</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Aleph_(short_story_collection)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Aleph (short story collection)">The Aleph</a> are among his most famous works. He was a friend and collaborator of <a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Bioy_Casares" title="Adolfo Bioy Casares">Adolfo Bioy Casares</a>, who wrote one of the most praised <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">science fiction</a> <a href="/wiki/Novel" title="Novel">novels</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Invention_of_Morel" title="The Invention of Morel">The Invention of Morel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYoungCisneros201052,_80-372">[349]</a> <a href="/wiki/Julio_Cort%C3%A1zar" title="Julio Cortázar">Julio Cortázar</a>, one of the leading members of the <a href="/wiki/Latin_American_Boom" title="Latin American Boom">Latin American Boom</a> and a major name in 20th century literature,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYoungCisneros201079,_144-373">[350]</a> influenced an entire generation of writers in the Americas and Europe.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYoungCisneros20103,_144-374">[351]</a> A remarkable episode in Argentine literary history is the social and literarial dialectica between the so-called <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupo_Florida" class="extiw" title="es:Grupo Florida">Florida Group</a>, named this way because its members used to meet together at the <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confiter%C3%ADa_Richmond" class="extiw" title="es:Confitería Richmond">Richmond Cafeteria</a> at Florida street and published in the <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_Fierro_(Revista)" class="extiw" title="es:Martín Fierro (Revista)">Martin Fierro</a> magazine, such as <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Luis_Borges" title="Jorge Luis Borges">Jorge Luis Borges</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopoldo_Marechal" class="extiw" title="es:Leopoldo Marechal">Leopoldo Marechal</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Berni" class="extiw" title="es:Antonio Berni">Antonio Berni</a> (artist), among others; versus the <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupo_Boedo" class="extiw" title="es:Grupo Boedo">Boedo Group</a> of <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Arlt" title="Roberto Arlt">Roberto Arlt</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesar_Tiempo" class="extiw" title="es:Cesar Tiempo">Cesar Tiempo</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homero_Manzi" class="extiw" title="es:Homero Manzi">Homero Manzi</a> (tango composer), that used to meet at the <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_El_Japon%C3%A9s" class="extiw" title="es:Café El Japonés">Japanese Cafe</a> and published their works with the <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Editorial_Claridad" class="extiw" title="es:Editorial Claridad">Editorial Claridad</a>, with both the cafe and the publisher located at Boedo Avenue. Other highly regarded Argentine writers, poets and <a href="/wiki/Essay" title="Essay">essayists</a> include <a href="/wiki/Estanislao_del_Campo" title="Estanislao del Campo">Estanislao del Campo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Cambaceres" title="Eugenio Cambaceres">Eugenio Cambaceres</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Bonifacio_Palacios" title="Pedro Bonifacio Palacios">Pedro Bonifacio Palacios</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Wast" title="Hugo Wast">Hugo Wast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benito_Lynch" title="Benito Lynch">Benito Lynch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enrique_Banchs" title="Enrique Banchs">Enrique Banchs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oliverio_Girondo" title="Oliverio Girondo">Oliverio Girondo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ezequiel_Mart%C3%ADnez_Estrada" title="Ezequiel Martínez Estrada">Ezequiel Martínez Estrada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Ocampo" title="Victoria Ocampo">Victoria Ocampo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_Marechal" title="Leopoldo Marechal">Leopoldo Marechal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silvina_Ocampo" title="Silvina Ocampo">Silvina Ocampo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Arlt" title="Roberto Arlt">Roberto Arlt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Mallea" title="Eduardo Mallea">Eduardo Mallea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Mujica_L%C3%A1inez" class="mw-redirect" title="Manuel Mujica Láinez">Manuel Mujica Láinez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernesto_S%C3%A1bato" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernesto Sábato">Ernesto Sábato</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silvina_Bullrich" title="Silvina Bullrich">Silvina Bullrich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rodolfo_Walsh" title="Rodolfo Walsh">Rodolfo Walsh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Elena_Walsh" title="María Elena Walsh">María Elena Walsh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Eloy_Mart%C3%ADnez" title="Tomás Eloy Martínez">Tomás Eloy Martínez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Puig" title="Manuel Puig">Manuel Puig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alejandra_Pizarnik" title="Alejandra Pizarnik">Alejandra Pizarnik</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Osvaldo_Soriano" title="Osvaldo Soriano">Osvaldo Soriano</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFosterLockhartLockhart199866,_85,_97%E2%80%93121McCloskeyBurford200643D%C3%ADaz_Alejandro197022,_91YoungCisneros201051%E2%80%9354-375">[352]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Argentina" title="Music of Argentina">Music of Argentina</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mercedes_Sosa,_by_Annemarie_Heinrich.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Mercedes_Sosa%2C_by_Annemarie_Heinrich.jpg/220px-Mercedes_Sosa%2C_by_Annemarie_Heinrich.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="241" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="657"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 241px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Mercedes_Sosa%2C_by_Annemarie_Heinrich.jpg/220px-Mercedes_Sosa%2C_by_Annemarie_Heinrich.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="241" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Mercedes_Sosa%2C_by_Annemarie_Heinrich.jpg/330px-Mercedes_Sosa%2C_by_Annemarie_Heinrich.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Mercedes_Sosa%2C_by_Annemarie_Heinrich.jpg/440px-Mercedes_Sosa%2C_by_Annemarie_Heinrich.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Photograph of <a href="/wiki/Mercedes_Sosa" title="Mercedes Sosa">Mercedes Sosa</a> by <a href="/wiki/Annemarie_Heinrich" title="Annemarie Heinrich">Annemarie Heinrich</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Tango" title="Tango">Tango</a>, a <a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata" title="Río de la Plata">Rioplatense</a> musical genre with European and African influences,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller200486-376">[353]</a> is one of Argentina's international cultural symbols.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFosterLockhartLockhart1998121-377">[354]</a> The golden age of tango (1930 to mid-1950s) mirrored that of <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swing_music" title="Swing music">swing</a> in the United States, featuring large orchestras such as those of <a href="/wiki/Osvaldo_Pugliese" title="Osvaldo Pugliese">Osvaldo Pugliese</a>, <a href="/wiki/An%C3%ADbal_Troilo" title="Aníbal Troilo">Aníbal Troilo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Canaro" title="Francisco Canaro">Francisco Canaro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julio_de_Caro" title="Julio de Caro">Julio de Caro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Juan_d%27Arienzo" title="Juan d'Arienzo">Juan d'Arienzo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCloskeyBurford200643-378">[355]</a> After 1955, virtuoso <a href="/wiki/Astor_Piazzolla" title="Astor Piazzolla">Astor Piazzolla</a> popularized <a href="/wiki/Nuevo_tango" title="Nuevo tango">Nuevo tango</a>, a subtler and more intellectual trend for the genre.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCloskeyBurford200643-378">[355]</a> Tango enjoys worldwide popularity nowadays with groups such as <a href="/wiki/Gotan_Project" title="Gotan Project">Gotan Project</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bajofondo" title="Bajofondo">Bajofondo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tanghetto" title="Tanghetto">Tanghetto</a>. Argentina developed strong classical music and dance scenes that gave rise to renowned artists such as <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Ginastera" title="Alberto Ginastera">Alberto Ginastera</a>, composer; <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Lysy" title="Alberto Lysy">Alberto Lysy</a>, violinist; <a href="/wiki/Martha_Argerich" title="Martha Argerich">Martha Argerich</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Delgado" title="Eduardo Delgado">Eduardo Delgado</a>, pianists; <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Barenboim" title="Daniel Barenboim">Daniel Barenboim</a>, pianist and <a href="/wiki/Symphonic_orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="Symphonic orchestra">symphonic orchestra</a> director; <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Cura" title="José Cura">José Cura</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marcelo_%C3%81lvarez" title="Marcelo Álvarez">Marcelo Álvarez</a>, tenors; and to <a href="/wiki/Ballet_dancer" title="Ballet dancer">ballet dancers</a> <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Donn" title="Jorge Donn">Jorge Donn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Neglia" title="José Neglia">José Neglia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norma_Fontenla" title="Norma Fontenla">Norma Fontenla</a>, Maximiliano Guerra, <a href="/wiki/Paloma_Herrera" title="Paloma Herrera">Paloma Herrera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marianela_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez" title="Marianela Núñez">Marianela Núñez</a>, <a href="/wiki/I%C3%B1aki_Urlezaga" title="Iñaki Urlezaga">Iñaki Urlezaga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Julio_Bocca" title="Julio Bocca">Julio Bocca</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCloskeyBurford200643-378">[355]</a> A national Argentine folk style emerged in the 1930s from dozens of regional musical genres and went on to influence the entirety of <a href="/wiki/Latin_American_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin American music">Latin American music</a>. Some of its interpreters, such as <a href="/wiki/Atahualpa_Yupanqui" title="Atahualpa Yupanqui">Atahualpa Yupanqui</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mercedes_Sosa" title="Mercedes Sosa">Mercedes Sosa</a>, achieved worldwide acclaim. The <a href="/wiki/Romantic_ballad" class="mw-redirect" title="Romantic ballad">romantic ballad</a> genre included singers of international fame such as <a href="/wiki/Sandro_de_Am%C3%A9rica" title="Sandro de América">Sandro de América</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tenor_saxophone" title="Tenor saxophone">Tenor saxophonist</a> <a href="/wiki/Gato_Barbieri" title="Gato Barbieri">Leandro "Gato" Barbieri</a> and composer and <a href="/wiki/Big_band" title="Big band">big band</a> conductor <a href="/wiki/Lalo_Schifrin" title="Lalo Schifrin">Lalo Schifrin</a> are among the most internationally successful Argentine jazz musicians. <a href="/wiki/Argentine_rock" title="Argentine rock">Argentine rock</a> developed as a distinct musical style in the mid-1960s, when Buenos Aires and Rosario became cradles of aspiring musicians. Founding bands such as <a href="/wiki/Los_Gatos" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Gatos">Los Gatos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sui_Generis" title="Sui Generis">Sui Generis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Almendra_(band)" title="Almendra (band)">Almendra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manal" title="Manal">Manal</a> were followed by <a href="/wiki/Seru_Giran" class="mw-redirect" title="Seru Giran">Seru Giran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Abuelos_de_la_Nada" title="Los Abuelos de la Nada">Los Abuelos de la Nada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soda_Stereo" title="Soda Stereo">Soda Stereo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Patricio_Rey_y_sus_Redonditos_de_Ricota" title="Patricio Rey y sus Redonditos de Ricota">Patricio Rey y sus Redonditos de Ricota</a>, with prominent artists including <a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Cerati" title="Gustavo Cerati">Gustavo Cerati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Litto_Nebbia" title="Litto Nebbia">Litto Nebbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Calamaro" title="Andrés Calamaro">Andrés Calamaro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luis_Alberto_Spinetta" title="Luis Alberto Spinetta">Luis Alberto Spinetta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charly_Garc%C3%ADa" title="Charly García">Charly García</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fito_P%C3%A1ez" title="Fito Páez">Fito Páez</a> and <a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n_Gieco" title="León Gieco">León Gieco</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCloskeyBurford200643-378">[355]</a> A dance and a musical genre popular at present is <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cachengue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cachengue (page does not exist)">Cachengue</a>, a subgenre of <a href="/wiki/Argentine_cumbia" title="Argentine cumbia">Argentine cumbia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reggaeton" title="Reggaeton">reggaeton</a> spreading in popularity in nearby countries such as <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-379">[356]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theatre_and_cinema">Theatre and cinema</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Theatre_in_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre in Argentina">Theatre in Argentina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Argentina" title="Cinema of Argentina">Cinema of Argentina</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Andr%C3%A9s_Muschietti.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Andr%C3%A9s_Muschietti.jpg/170px-Andr%C3%A9s_Muschietti.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 227px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Andr%C3%A9s_Muschietti.jpg/170px-Andr%C3%A9s_Muschietti.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="227" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Andr%C3%A9s_Muschietti.jpg/255px-Andr%C3%A9s_Muschietti.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Andr%C3%A9s_Muschietti.jpg/340px-Andr%C3%A9s_Muschietti.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Andy_Muschietti" title="Andy Muschietti">Andy Muschietti</a>, director of <a href="/wiki/It_(2017_film)" title="It (2017 film)">It</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_horror_films" title="List of highest-grossing horror films">highest-grossing horror film of all-time</a><a href="#cite_note-380">[357]</a><a href="#cite_note-381">[358]</a></figcaption></figure> Buenos Aires is one of the great theatre capitals of the world,<a href="#cite_note-382">[359]</a> with a scene of international caliber centered on <a href="/wiki/Corrientes_Avenue" class="mw-redirect" title="Corrientes Avenue">Corrientes Avenue</a>, "the street that never sleeps", sometimes referred to as an intellectual <a href="/wiki/Broadway_(Manhattan)" title="Broadway (Manhattan)">Broadway</a> in Buenos Aires.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFosterLockhartLockhart199848-383">[360]</a> <a href="/wiki/Teatro_Col%C3%B3n" title="Teatro Colón">Teatro Colón</a> is a global landmark for <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opera</a> and classical performances; its acoustics are considered among the world's top five.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELong200921%E2%80%9325-384">[361]</a><a href="#cite_note-385">[T]</a> The Argentine film industry has historically been one of the three most developed in <a href="/wiki/Latin_American_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin American cinema">Latin American cinema</a>, along with those produced in <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Mexico" title="Cinema of Mexico">Mexico</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Brazil" title="Cinema of Brazil">Brazil</a>.<a href="#cite_note-386">[362]</a><a href="#cite_note-387">[363]</a> Started in 1896; by the early 1930s it had already become Latin America's leading film producer, a place it kept until the early 1950s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKing200036-388">[364]</a> The world's first <a href="/wiki/List_of_animated_feature_films" class="mw-redirect" title="List of animated feature films">animated feature films</a> were made and released in Argentina, by cartoonist <a href="/wiki/Quirino_Cristiani" title="Quirino Cristiani">Quirino Cristiani</a>, in 1917 and 1918.<a href="#cite_note-389">[365]</a> Argentine films have achieved worldwide recognition: the country has won two <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film">Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film</a>, for <a href="/wiki/The_Official_Story" title="The Official Story">The Official Story</a> (1985) and <a href="/wiki/The_Secret_in_Their_Eyes" title="The Secret in Their Eyes">The Secret in Their Eyes</a> (2009). In addition, Argentine composers <a href="/wiki/Luis_Enrique_Bacalov" class="mw-redirect" title="Luis Enrique Bacalov">Luis Enrique Bacalov</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Santaolalla" title="Gustavo Santaolalla">Gustavo Santaolalla</a> have been honored with <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Score" title="Academy Award for Best Original Score">Academy Awards for Best Original Score</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Armando_B%C3%B3_(screenwriter)" title="Armando Bó (screenwriter)">Armando Bó</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Giacobone" title="Nicolás Giacobone">Nicolás Giacobone</a> shared in the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Screenplay" title="Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay">Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay</a> for 2014. Also, the <a href="/wiki/French_Argentine" class="mw-redirect" title="French Argentine">Argentine French</a> actress <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9r%C3%A9nice_Bejo" title="Bérénice Bejo">Bérénice Bejo</a> received a nomination for the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actress" title="Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress">Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress</a> in 2011 and won the <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="César Award for Best Actress">César Award for Best Actress</a> and won the <a href="/wiki/Best_Actress_Award_(Cannes_Film_Festival)" class="mw-redirect" title="Best Actress Award (Cannes Film Festival)">Best Actress</a> award in the <a href="/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival" title="Cannes Film Festival">Cannes Film Festival</a> for her role in the film <a href="/wiki/The_Past_(2013_film)" title="The Past (2013 film)">The Past</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CannesAwards-390">[366]</a> Argentina also has won seventeen <a href="/wiki/Goya_Award_for_Best_Spanish_Language_Foreign_Film" class="mw-redirect" title="Goya Award for Best Spanish Language Foreign Film">Goya Awards for Best Spanish Language Foreign Film</a>, being by far the most awarded country in <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a> with twenty-four nominations. Many other Argentine films also have been acclaimed by international critique. In 2013<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argentina&action=edit">[update]</a> about 100 full-length motion pictures were being created annually.<a href="#cite_note-391">[367]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Visual_arts_and_architecture">Visual arts and architecture</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Argentine_painting" title="Argentine painting">Argentine painting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Argentina" title="Architecture of Argentina">Architecture of Argentina</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fuente_de_las_Nereidas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Fuente_de_las_Nereidas.jpg/220px-Fuente_de_las_Nereidas.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3987" data-file-height="3490"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 193px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Fuente_de_las_Nereidas.jpg/220px-Fuente_de_las_Nereidas.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="193" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Fuente_de_las_Nereidas.jpg/330px-Fuente_de_las_Nereidas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Fuente_de_las_Nereidas.jpg/440px-Fuente_de_las_Nereidas.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Las Nereidas Font by <a href="/wiki/Lola_Mora" title="Lola Mora">Lola Mora</a></figcaption></figure> Some of the best-known Argentine painters are <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1ndido_L%C3%B3pez" title="Cándido López">Cándido López</a> and <a href="/wiki/Florencio_Molina_Campos" title="Florencio Molina Campos">Florencio Molina Campos</a> (<a href="/wiki/Na%C3%AFve_art" title="Naïve art">Naïve style</a>); <a href="/wiki/Ernesto_de_la_C%C3%A1rcova" title="Ernesto de la Cárcova">Ernesto de la Cárcova</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_S%C3%ADvori" title="Eduardo Sívori">Eduardo Sívori</a> (<a href="/wiki/Realism_(art)" class="mw-redirect" title="Realism (art)">Realism</a>); <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Fader" title="Fernando Fader">Fernando Fader</a> (<a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">Impressionism</a>); <a href="/wiki/P%C3%ADo_Collivadino" title="Pío Collivadino">Pío Collivadino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atilio_Malinverno" title="Atilio Malinverno">Atilio Malinverno</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ces%C3%A1reo_Bernaldo_de_Quir%C3%B3s" title="Cesáreo Bernaldo de Quirós">Cesáreo Bernaldo de Quirós</a> (<a href="/wiki/Postimpressionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Postimpressionism">Postimpressionism</a>); <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Pettoruti" title="Emilio Pettoruti">Emilio Pettoruti</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism">Cubism</a>); <a href="/wiki/Julio_Barrag%C3%A1n" title="Julio Barragán">Julio Barragán</a> (<a href="/wiki/Concretism_(art)" class="mw-redirect" title="Concretism (art)">Concretism</a> and Cubism) <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Berni" title="Antonio Berni">Antonio Berni</a> (<a href="/wiki/Neofigurativism" class="mw-redirect" title="Neofigurativism">Neofigurativism</a>); <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Aizenberg" title="Roberto Aizenberg">Roberto Aizenberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xul_Solar" title="Xul Solar">Xul Solar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealism</a>); <a href="/wiki/Gyula_Ko%C5%A1ice" class="mw-redirect" title="Gyula Košice">Gyula Košice</a> (<a href="/wiki/Constructivism_(art)" title="Constructivism (art)">Constructivism</a>); <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Mac_Entyre" title="Eduardo Mac Entyre">Eduardo Mac Entyre</a> (<a href="/wiki/Generative_art" title="Generative art">Generative art</a>); <a href="/wiki/Luis_Seoane" class="mw-redirect" title="Luis Seoane">Luis Seoane</a>, Carlos Torrallardona, Luis Aquino, Alfredo Gramajo Gutiérrez (<a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a>); <a href="/wiki/Lucio_Fontana" title="Lucio Fontana">Lucio Fontana</a> (<a href="/wiki/Spatialism" title="Spatialism">Spatialism</a>); <a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Maldonado" title="Tomás Maldonado">Tomás Maldonado</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guillermo_Kuitca" title="Guillermo Kuitca">Guillermo Kuitca</a> (<a href="/wiki/Abstract_art" title="Abstract art">Abstract art</a>); <a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n_Ferrari" title="León Ferrari">León Ferrari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marta_Minuj%C3%ADn" title="Marta Minujín">Marta Minujín</a> (<a href="/wiki/Conceptual_art" title="Conceptual art">Conceptual art</a>); <a href="/wiki/Ciruelo_Cabral" title="Ciruelo Cabral">Gustavo Cabral</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fantasy_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasy art">Fantasy art</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Fabian_Perez" title="Fabian Perez">Fabián Pérez (Neoemotionalism)</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vagueness" title="Wikipedia:Vagueness">vague</a>] In 1946 Gyula Košice and others created The <a href="/wiki/Mad%C3%AD_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Madí Movement">Madí Movement</a> in Argentina, which then spread to Europe and the United States, where it had a significant impact.<a href="#cite_note-392">[368]</a> Tomás Maldonado was one of the main theorists of the <a href="/wiki/Ulm_School_of_Design" title="Ulm School of Design">Ulm Model</a> of design education, still highly influential globally. Other Argentine artists of worldwide fame include <a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Bellocq" title="Adolfo Bellocq">Adolfo Bellocq</a>, whose <a href="/wiki/Lithograph" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithograph">lithographs</a> have been influential since the 1920s, and <a href="/wiki/Benito_Quinquela_Mart%C3%ADn" title="Benito Quinquela Martín">Benito Quinquela Martín</a>, the quintessential port painter, inspired by the immigrant-bound <a href="/wiki/La_Boca" title="La Boca">La Boca</a> neighbourhood. Internationally laureate sculptors <a href="/wiki/Erminio_Blotta" title="Erminio Blotta">Erminio Blotta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lola_Mora" title="Lola Mora">Lola Mora</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rogelio_Yrurtia" title="Rogelio Yrurtia">Rogelio Yrurtia</a> authored many of the classical evocative monuments of the Argentine cityscape.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The colonization brought the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Baroque_architecture" title="Spanish Baroque architecture">Spanish Baroque architecture</a>, which can still be appreciated in its simpler Rioplatense style in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Reductions" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Reductions">reduction</a> of <a href="/wiki/San_Ignacio_Min%C3%AD" title="San Ignacio Miní">San Ignacio Miní</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_C%C3%B3rdoba_(Argentina)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral of Córdoba (Argentina)">Cathedral of Córdoba</a>, and the Cabildo of Luján. Italian and French influences increased at the beginning of the 19th century with strong <a href="/wiki/Eclectic_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Eclectic architecture">eclectic</a> overtones that gave the local architecture a unique feeling.<a href="#cite_note-393">[369]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mass_media">Mass media</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Argentina" title="Communications in Argentina">Communications in Argentina</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canal_7_Argentina.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Canal_7_Argentina.JPG/220px-Canal_7_Argentina.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2144"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 166px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Canal_7_Argentina.JPG/220px-Canal_7_Argentina.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="166" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Canal_7_Argentina.JPG/330px-Canal_7_Argentina.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Canal_7_Argentina.JPG/440px-Canal_7_Argentina.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/TV_P%C3%BAblica_Digital_(Argentina)" class="mw-redirect" title="TV Pública Digital (Argentina)">Channel 7</a>, the first television station in the country</figcaption></figure> The print media industry is highly developed in Argentina, with more than two hundred newspapers. The major national ones include <a href="/wiki/Clar%C3%ADn_(Argentine_newspaper)" title="Clarín (Argentine newspaper)">Clarín</a> (centrist, Latin America's best-seller and the second most widely circulated in the Spanish-speaking world), <a href="/wiki/La_Naci%C3%B3n_(Buenos_Aires)" class="mw-redirect" title="La Nación (Buenos Aires)">La Nación</a> (centre-right, published since 1870), <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1gina/12" class="mw-redirect" title="Página/12">Página/12</a> (leftist, founded in 1987), <a href="/wiki/La_Voz_del_Interior" title="La Voz del Interior">La Voz del Interior</a> (centre, founded in 1904),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAeberhardBensonPhillips200045-394">[370]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Argentinisches_Tageblatt" title="Argentinisches Tageblatt">Argentinisches Tageblatt</a> (German weekly, liberal, published since 1878).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkstinat201320-395">[371]</a> Argentina began <a href="/wiki/History_of_radio" title="History of radio">the world's first regular radio broadcasting</a> on 27 August 1920, when <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Richard Wagner</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Parsifal" title="Parsifal">Parsifal</a> was aired by a team of medical students led by <a href="/wiki/Enrique_Tel%C3%A9maco_Susini" title="Enrique Telémaco Susini">Enrique Telémaco Susini</a> in Buenos Aires' <a href="/wiki/Teatro_Coliseo" title="Teatro Coliseo">Teatro Coliseo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-396">[372]</a> By 2002<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argentina&action=edit">[update]</a> there were 260 <a href="/wiki/AM_broadcasting" title="AM broadcasting">AM</a> and 1150 <a href="/wiki/FM_broadcasting" title="FM broadcasting">FM</a> registered radio stations in the country.<a href="#cite_note-397">[373]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Television_in_Argentina" title="Television in Argentina">Argentine television</a> industry is large, diverse and popular across Latin America, with many productions and <a href="/wiki/TV_format" title="TV format">TV formats</a> having been exported abroad. Since 1999 Argentines enjoy the highest availability of cable and satellite television in Latin America,<a href="#cite_note-398">[374]</a> as of 2014<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argentina&action=edit">[update]</a> totaling 87.4% of the country's households, a rate similar to those in the United States, Canada and Europe.<a href="#cite_note-399">[375]</a> By 2011<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argentina&action=edit">[update]</a> Argentina also had the highest coverage of networked telecommunications among Latin American powers: about 67% of its population had internet access and the ratio of mobile phone subscriptions to population was 137.2%.<a href="#cite_note-400">[376]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Argentine_cuisine" title="Argentine cuisine">Argentine cuisine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Asado_2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="Table with a cut of Argentine beef, wine, sauces and spices" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Asado_2005.jpg/220px-Asado_2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="896" data-file-height="592"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 145px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Asado_2005.jpg/220px-Asado_2005.jpg" data-alt="Table with a cut of Argentine beef, wine, sauces and spices" data-width="220" data-height="145" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Asado_2005.jpg/330px-Asado_2005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Asado_2005.jpg/440px-Asado_2005.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Argentine_beef" title="Argentine beef">Argentine beef</a> as <a href="/wiki/Asado" title="Asado">asado</a></figcaption></figure> Besides many of the pasta, sausage and dessert dishes common to continental Europe, Argentines enjoy a wide variety of Indigenous and <a href="/wiki/Criollo_people" title="Criollo people">Criollo</a> creations, including <a href="/wiki/Empanada" title="Empanada">empanadas</a> (a small stuffed pastry), <a href="/wiki/Locro" title="Locro">locro</a> (a mixture of corn, beans, meat, bacon, onion, and gourd), <a href="/wiki/Humita" title="Humita">humita</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mate_(beverage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mate (beverage)">mate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCloskeyBurford200679,_199,_221-401">[377]</a> In various localities of Argentina, this dish is consumed as a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Beefmelt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beefmelt (page does not exist)">beefmelt</a>. The country has the highest consumption of <a href="/wiki/Red_meat" title="Red meat">red meat</a> in the world,<a href="#cite_note-402">[378]</a> traditionally prepared as <a href="/wiki/Asado" title="Asado">asado</a>, the Argentine barbecue. It is made with various types of meats, often including <a href="/wiki/Chorizo" title="Chorizo">chorizo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweetbread" title="Sweetbread">sweetbread</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chitterlings" title="Chitterlings">chitterlings</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Blood_sausage" title="Blood sausage">blood sausage</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCloskeyBurford200679-403">[379]</a> Common desserts include <a href="/wiki/Facturas" class="mw-redirect" title="Facturas">facturas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Viennese_cuisine" title="Viennese cuisine">Viennese-style</a> pastry), <a href="/wiki/Cake" title="Cake">cakes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pancake" title="Pancake">pancakes</a> filled with <a href="/wiki/Dulce_de_leche" title="Dulce de leche">dulce de leche</a> (a sort of milk <a href="/wiki/Caramel" title="Caramel">caramel</a> jam), <a href="/wiki/Alfajor" title="Alfajor">alfajores</a> (shortbread cookies sandwiched together with chocolate, dulce de leche or a fruit paste), and <a href="/wiki/Torta_frita" class="mw-redirect" title="Torta frita">tortas fritas</a> (fried cakes)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAeberhardBensonPhillips200031McCloskeyBurford200680,_143-404">[380]</a> <a href="/wiki/Argentine_wine" title="Argentine wine">Argentine wine</a>, one of the world's finest,<a href="#cite_note-405">[381]</a> is an integral part of the local menu. <a href="/wiki/Malbec" title="Malbec">Malbec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torront%C3%A9s" title="Torrontés">Torrontés</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cabernet_Sauvignon" title="Cabernet Sauvignon">Cabernet Sauvignon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syrah" title="Syrah">Syrah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chardonnay" title="Chardonnay">Chardonnay</a> are some of the most sought-after <a href="/wiki/International_varieties" class="mw-redirect" title="International varieties">varieties</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCloskeyBurford2006230,_252,_261%E2%80%9362,_265-406">[382]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Argentina" title="Sport in Argentina">Sport in Argentina</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lionel_Messi_WC2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Lionel_Messi_WC2022.jpg/220px-Lionel_Messi_WC2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="227" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="744"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 227px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Lionel_Messi_WC2022.jpg/220px-Lionel_Messi_WC2022.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="227" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Lionel_Messi_WC2022.jpg/330px-Lionel_Messi_WC2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Lionel_Messi_WC2022.jpg/440px-Lionel_Messi_WC2022.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Footballer <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Messi" title="Lionel Messi">Lionel Messi</a>, eight-time <a href="/wiki/Ballon_d%27Or" title="Ballon d'Or">Ballon d'Or</a> winner, is the current captain of the <a href="/wiki/Argentina_national_football_team" title="Argentina national football team">Argentina national football team</a>.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Pato" title="Pato">Pato</a> is the <a href="/wiki/National_sport" title="National sport">national sport</a>,<a href="#cite_note-pato1-407">[383]</a> an ancient horseback game locally originated in the early 1600s and predecessor of <a href="/wiki/Horseball" title="Horseball">horseball</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaurightParrish2012124%E2%80%9325-408">[384]</a><a href="#cite_note-pato2-409">[385]</a> The most popular sport is <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a>. Along with <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_national_football_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazilian national football team">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_national_football_team" class="mw-redirect" title="German national football team">Germany</a> and <a href="/wiki/French_national_football_team" class="mw-redirect" title="French national football team">France</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Argentina_national_football_team" title="Argentina national football team">men's national team</a> is the only one to have won each of the <a href="/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup" title="FIFA World Cup">World Cup</a> (in <a href="/wiki/1978_FIFA_World_Cup" title="1978 FIFA World Cup">1978</a>, <a href="/wiki/1986_FIFA_World_Cup" title="1986 FIFA World Cup">1986</a> and <a href="/wiki/2022_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2022 FIFA World Cup">2022</a>), <a href="/wiki/FIFA_Confederations_Cup" title="FIFA Confederations Cup">Confederations Cup</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Football_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Football at the Summer Olympics">Olympic gold</a>. They have also won 16 <a href="/wiki/Copa_Am%C3%A9rica" title="Copa América">Copas América</a>, 7 <a href="/wiki/Football_at_the_Pan_American_Games" title="Football at the Pan American Games">Pan American Gold Medals</a> and many other trophies.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaurightParrish201214%E2%80%9323-410">[386]</a> <a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Di_St%C3%A9fano" title="Alfredo Di Stéfano">Alfredo Di Stéfano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diego_Maradona" title="Diego Maradona">Diego Maradona</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Messi" title="Lionel Messi">Lionel Messi</a> are widely considered to be among the best players in the game's history.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFriedman200756,_127-411">[387]</a> The country's <a href="/wiki/Argentina_women%27s_national_field_hockey_team" title="Argentina women's national field hockey team">women's field hockey team Las Leonas</a>, is one of the world's most successful with four <a href="/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Field hockey at the Summer Olympics">Olympic medals</a>, two <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Hockey_World_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's Hockey World Cup">World Cups</a>, a <a href="/wiki/FIH_Hockey_World_League" class="mw-redirect" title="FIH Hockey World League">World League</a> and seven <a href="/wiki/Hockey_Champions_Trophy" title="Hockey Champions Trophy">Champions Trophy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaurightParrish201211-412">[388]</a> <a href="/wiki/Luciana_Aymar" title="Luciana Aymar">Luciana Aymar</a> is recognized as the best female player in the history of the sport,<a href="#cite_note-hwc1-413">[389]</a> being the only player to have received the <a href="/wiki/FIH_Player_of_the_Year_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="FIH Player of the Year Awards">FIH Player of the Year Award</a> eight times.<a href="#cite_note-fih1-414">[390]</a> <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a> is a very popular sport. The <a href="/wiki/Argentina_national_basketball_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Argentina national basketball team">men's national team</a> is the only one in the <a href="/wiki/FIBA_Americas" title="FIBA Americas">FIBA Americas</a> zone that has won the quintuplet crown: <a href="/wiki/FIBA_World_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="FIBA World Championship">World Championship</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basketball_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Basketball at the Summer Olympics">Olympic Gold Medal</a>, <a href="/wiki/FIBA_Diamond_Ball" title="FIBA Diamond Ball">Diamond Ball</a>, <a href="/wiki/FIBA_Americas_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="FIBA Americas Championship">Americas Championship</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Basketball_at_the_Pan_American_Games" title="Basketball at the Pan American Games">Pan American Gold Medal</a>. It has also conquered 13 <a href="/wiki/South_American_Basketball_Championship" title="South American Basketball Championship">South American Championships</a>, and many other tournaments.<a href="#cite_note-fiba1-415">[391]</a> <a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Gin%C3%B3bili" class="mw-redirect" title="Emanuel Ginóbili">Emanuel Ginóbili</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luis_Scola" title="Luis Scola">Luis Scola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Nocioni" title="Andrés Nocioni">Andrés Nocioni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fabricio_Oberto" title="Fabricio Oberto">Fabricio Oberto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Prigioni" title="Pablo Prigioni">Pablo Prigioni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Delfino" title="Carlos Delfino">Carlos Delfino</a> and <a href="/wiki/Juan_Ignacio_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Juan Ignacio Sánchez">Juan Ignacio Sánchez</a> are a few of the country's most acclaimed players, all of them part of the <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">NBA</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaurightParrish201211-412">[388]</a> Argentina hosted the <a href="/wiki/Basketball_World_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="Basketball World Cup">Basketball World Cup</a> in 1950 and 1990. <a href="/wiki/Rugby_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Rugby Union">Rugby</a> is another popular sport in Argentina. As of 2017<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argentina&action=edit">[update]</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Argentina_national_rugby_union_team" title="Argentina national rugby union team">men's national team</a>, known as 'Los Pumas' has competed at the <a href="/wiki/Rugby_World_Cup" title="Rugby World Cup">Rugby World Cup</a> each time it has been held, achieving their highest-ever result in <a href="/wiki/2007_Rugby_World_Cup" title="2007 Rugby World Cup">2007</a> when they came third. Since <a href="/wiki/2012_Rugby_Championship" title="2012 Rugby Championship">2012</a>, the Los Pumas have competed against <a href="/wiki/Australia_national_rugby_union_team" title="Australia national rugby union team">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_national_rugby_union_team" title="New Zealand national rugby union team">New Zealand</a> & <a href="/wiki/South_Africa_national_rugby_union_team" title="South Africa national rugby union team">South Africa</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Rugby_Championship" title="The Rugby Championship">The Rugby Championship</a>, the premier international Rugby competition in the Southern Hemisphere. Since 2009 the <a href="/wiki/Argentina_Jaguars" class="mw-redirect" title="Argentina Jaguars">secondary men's national team</a> known as the 'Jaguares' has competed against the <a href="/wiki/USA_Selects" class="mw-redirect" title="USA Selects">US</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada_A_national_rugby_union_team" title="Canada A national rugby union team">Canada</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Uruguay_national_rugby_union_team" title="Uruguay national rugby union team">Uruguay</a> first teams in the <a href="/wiki/Americas_Rugby_Championship" title="Americas Rugby Championship">Americas Rugby Championship</a>, which Los Jaguares have won six out of eight times it has taken place. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Campeonato_Argentino_de_Polo_2010_-_5236515585_2b8cb412de_o.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Campeonato_Argentino_de_Polo_2010_-_5236515585_2b8cb412de_o.jpg/170px-Campeonato_Argentino_de_Polo_2010_-_5236515585_2b8cb412de_o.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="220" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="733" data-file-height="949"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 220px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Campeonato_Argentino_de_Polo_2010_-_5236515585_2b8cb412de_o.jpg/170px-Campeonato_Argentino_de_Polo_2010_-_5236515585_2b8cb412de_o.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="220" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Campeonato_Argentino_de_Polo_2010_-_5236515585_2b8cb412de_o.jpg/255px-Campeonato_Argentino_de_Polo_2010_-_5236515585_2b8cb412de_o.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Campeonato_Argentino_de_Polo_2010_-_5236515585_2b8cb412de_o.jpg/340px-Campeonato_Argentino_de_Polo_2010_-_5236515585_2b8cb412de_o.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Campeonato_Argentino_Abierto_de_Polo" title="Campeonato Argentino Abierto de Polo">Argentine Polo Open Championship</a></figcaption></figure> Argentina has produced some of the most formidable champions for <a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">boxing</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Monz%C3%B3n" title="Carlos Monzón">Carlos Monzón</a>, the best <a href="/wiki/Middleweight" title="Middleweight">middleweight</a> in history;<a href="#cite_note-thering1-416">[392]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pascual_P%C3%A9rez_(boxer)" title="Pascual Pérez (boxer)">Pascual Pérez</a>, one of the most decorated <a href="/wiki/Flyweight" title="Flyweight">flyweight</a> boxers of all times; <a href="/wiki/Horacio_Accavallo" title="Horacio Accavallo">Horacio Accavallo</a>, the former <a href="/wiki/World_Boxing_Association" title="World Boxing Association">WBA</a> and <a href="/wiki/World_Boxing_Council" title="World Boxing Council">WBC</a> world flyweight champion; <a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADctor_Gal%C3%ADndez" title="Víctor Galíndez">Víctor Galíndez</a>, as of 2009<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argentina&action=edit">[update]</a>, record holder for consecutive world <a href="/wiki/Light_heavyweight" title="Light heavyweight">light heavyweight</a> title defenses and <a href="/wiki/Nicolino_Locche" title="Nicolino Locche">Nicolino Locche</a>, nicknamed "The Untouchable" for his masterful defense; they are all inductees into the <a href="/wiki/International_Boxing_Hall_of_Fame" title="International Boxing Hall of Fame">International Boxing Hall of Fame</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERodr%C3%ADguez2009164%E2%80%9365-417">[393]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tennis" title="Tennis">Tennis</a> has been quite popular among people of all ages. <a href="/wiki/Guillermo_Vilas" title="Guillermo Vilas">Guillermo Vilas</a> is the greatest Latin American player of the <a href="/wiki/History_of_tennis" title="History of tennis">Open Era</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaurightParrish2012144-418">[394]</a> while <a href="/wiki/Gabriela_Sabatini" title="Gabriela Sabatini">Gabriela Sabatini</a> is the most accomplished Argentine female player of all time—having reached number 3 in the <a href="/wiki/WTA_ranking" class="mw-redirect" title="WTA ranking">WTA ranking</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaurightParrish2012135-419">[395]</a> are both inductees into the <a href="/wiki/International_Tennis_Hall_of_Fame" title="International Tennis Hall of Fame">International Tennis Hall of Fame</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ithf1-420">[396]</a> Argentina has won the <a href="/wiki/World_Team_Cup" title="World Team Cup">World Team Cup</a> four times, in 1980, 2002, <a href="/wiki/2007_ARAG_World_Team_Cup" title="2007 ARAG World Team Cup">2007</a> and <a href="/wiki/2010_ARAG_World_Team_Cup" title="2010 ARAG World Team Cup">2010</a> and has reached the semifinals of the <a href="/wiki/Davis_Cup" title="Davis Cup">Davis Cup</a> 7 times in the last 10 years, losing the finals against Russia in <a href="/wiki/2006_Davis_Cup" title="2006 Davis Cup">2006</a> and Spain in <a href="/wiki/2008_Davis_Cup" title="2008 Davis Cup">2008</a> and <a href="/wiki/2011_Davis_Cup" title="2011 Davis Cup">2011</a>; the Argentine team also played the final in <a href="/wiki/1981_Davis_Cup" title="1981 Davis Cup">1981</a>, where they lost against the United States. The national squad won the <a href="/wiki/2016_Davis_Cup" title="2016 Davis Cup">2016 Davis Cup</a>. Argentina reigns undisputed in <a href="/wiki/Polo" title="Polo">polo</a>, having won more international championships than any other country and been seldom beaten since the 1930s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAeberhardBensonPhillips200050%E2%80%9351-421">[397]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Campeonato_Argentino_Abierto_de_Polo" title="Campeonato Argentino Abierto de Polo">Argentine Polo Championship</a> is the sport's most important international team trophy. The country is home to most of the world's top players, among them <a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Cambiaso" title="Adolfo Cambiaso">Adolfo Cambiaso</a>, the best in Polo history.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaurightParrish2012128-422">[398]</a> Historically, Argentina has had a strong showing within <a href="/wiki/Auto_racing" title="Auto racing">auto racing</a>. <a href="/wiki/Juan_Manuel_Fangio" title="Juan Manuel Fangio">Juan Manuel Fangio</a> was a five-time <a href="/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One</a> world champion under four different teams, winning 102 of his 184 international races, and is widely ranked as the greatest driver of all time.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaurightParrish201298Dougall2013170%E2%80%93171-423">[399]</a> Other distinguished racers were <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Alfredo_G%C3%A1lvez" title="Oscar Alfredo Gálvez">Oscar Alfredo Gálvez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juan_G%C3%A1lvez_(racing_driver)" title="Juan Gálvez (racing driver)">Juan Gálvez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Froil%C3%A1n_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="José Froilán González">José Froilán González</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Reutemann" title="Carlos Reutemann">Carlos Reutemann</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArbena1999147Dougall2013170%E2%80%93171,_195-424">[400]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><noscript><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/32px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 32px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/32px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" data-alt="flag" data-width="32" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/48px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/64px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Argentina" title="Portal:Argentina">Argentina portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><noscript><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 28px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" data-alt="map" data-width="28" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Latin_America" title="Portal:Latin America">Latin America portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Argentina-related_articles" title="Index of Argentina-related articles">Index of Argentina-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Argentina" title="Outline of Argentina">Outline of Argentina</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>Spanish pronunciation: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[aɾxenˈtina]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/0d\/Es_Argentina.ogg\/Es_Argentina.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Es Argentina.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0d/Es_Argentina.ogg/Es_Argentina.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Es_Argentina.ogg" title="File:Es Argentina.ogg">ⓘ</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <a href="#cite_note-altnames-2">[A]</a> Spanish: República Argentina </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-upper-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-altnames-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-altnames_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-altnames_2-1">b</a> Article 35 of the <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Argentine Constitution">Argentine Constitution</a> gives equal recognition to the names "<a href="/wiki/United_Provinces_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata" title="United Provinces of the Río de la Plata">United Provinces of the Río de la Plata</a>", "Argentine Republic" and "Argentine Confederation" and using "Argentine Nation" in the making and enactment of laws.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaart._35-1">[1]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-excl_area-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-excl_area_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-excl_area_11-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-excl_area_11-2">c</a> Area does not include territorial claims in <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Antarctica" title="Argentine Antarctica">Antarctica</a> (965,597 km2, including the <a href="/wiki/South_Orkney_Islands" title="South Orkney Islands">South Orkney Islands</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a> (11,410 km2), the <a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="South Georgia Island">South Georgia</a> (3,560 km2) and the <a href="/wiki/South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Sandwich Islands">South Sandwich Islands</a> (307 km2).<a href="#cite_note-totalpop-10">[8]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> The poem's full name is La Argentina y conquista del Río de la Plata, con otros acaecimientos de los reinos del Perú, Tucumán y estado del Brasil. </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> Also stated in article 35 of all subsequent amendments: 1866, 1898, 1949, 1957, 1972 and 1994 (current) </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> San Martín's military campaigns, together with those of <a href="/wiki/Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar" title="Simón Bolívar">Simón Bolívar</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gran_Colombia" title="Gran Colombia">Gran Colombia</a>, are collectively known as the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_American_wars_of_independence" title="Spanish American wars of independence">Spanish American wars of independence</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGalasso2011185%E2%80%93252vol._I-64">[56]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> Citations discussing this include:<a href="#cite_note-Reutuers2014-96">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-Buncombe2022-113">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[106]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> The Full Stop and Due Obedience laws had been abrogated by Congress in 1998.<a href="#cite_note-143">[133]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> Includes higher plants only: <a href="/wiki/Fern" title="Fern">ferns</a> and fern allies, <a href="/wiki/Conifer" title="Conifer">conifers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cycad" title="Cycad">cycads</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">flowering plants</a>.<a href="#cite_note-wcmc-175">[164]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> Includes only birds that breed in Argentina, not those that migrate or winter there.<a href="#cite_note-wcmc-175">[164]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> Excludes marine mammals.<a href="#cite_note-wcmc-175">[164]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> Since 2012 suffrage is optional for ages 16 and 17.<a href="#cite_note-203">[189]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> Although not a province, the <a href="/wiki/City_of_Buenos_Aires" class="mw-redirect" title="City of Buenos Aires">City of Buenos Aires</a> is a federally <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_city" title="Autonomous city">autonomous city</a>, and as such its local organization has similarities with provinces: it has its own constitution, an elected mayor and representatives to the Senate and Deputy chambers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaart._129-217">[202]</a> As <a href="/wiki/Federal_capital" title="Federal capital">federal capital</a> of the nation it holds the status of <a href="/wiki/Federal_district" title="Federal district">federal district</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a> The other top developing nations being Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, South Africa and Turkey.<a href="#cite_note-undp2013-245">[229]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-328"><a href="#cite_ref-328">^</a> Though not declared official <a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a>, the Spanish language is the only one used in the wording of laws, decrees, resolutions, official documents and public acts. </li> <li id="cite_note-332"><a href="#cite_ref-332">^</a> Many elder people also speak a <a href="/wiki/Macaronic_language" title="Macaronic language">macaronic language</a> of Italian and Spanish called <a href="/wiki/Cocoliche" title="Cocoliche">cocoliche</a>, which was originated by the Italian immigrants in the late 19th century. </li> <li id="cite_note-333"><a href="#cite_ref-333">^</a> It gave origin to a mixture of Spanish and German called <a href="/wiki/Belgranodeutsch" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgranodeutsch">Belgranodeutsch</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-339"><a href="#cite_ref-339">^</a> In practice this privileged status amounts to tax-exempt school subsidies and licensing preferences for radio broadcasting frequencies.<a href="#cite_note-irfr1-338">[318]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-leveldiff-353">^ <a href="#cite_ref-leveldiff_353-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-leveldiff_353-1">b</a> Level duration depends on jurisdiction. </li> <li id="cite_note-357"><a href="#cite_ref-357">^</a> The post-graduate sub-level of higher education is usually paid. </li> <li id="cite_note-385"><a href="#cite_ref-385">^</a> The other top venues being Berlin's <a href="/wiki/Konzerthaus_Berlin" title="Konzerthaus Berlin">Konzerthaus</a>, Vienna's <a href="/wiki/Musikverein" title="Musikverein">Musikverein</a>, Amsterdam's <a href="/wiki/Concertgebouw,_Amsterdam" title="Concertgebouw, Amsterdam">Concertgebouw</a> and Boston's <a href="/wiki/Symphony_Hall,_Boston" title="Symphony Hall, Boston">Symphony Hall</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELong200921%E2%80%9325-384">[361]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaart._35-1"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaart._35_1-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFConstitution_of_Argentina">Constitution of Argentina</a>, art. 35. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrow1992457Kopka20115-3"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrow1992457Kopka20115_3-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCrow1992">Crow 1992</a>, p. 457: "In the meantime, while the crowd assembled in the plaza continued to shout its demands at the cabildo, the sun suddenly broke through the overhanging clouds and clothed the scene in brilliant light. The people looked upward with one accord and took it as a favorable omen for their cause. This was the origin of the "sun of May" which has appeared in the center of the Argentine flag and on the Argentine coat of arms ever since."; <a href="#CITEREFKopka2011">Kopka 2011</a>, p. 5: "The sun's features are those of <a href="/wiki/Inti" title="Inti">Inti</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Inca" class="mw-redirect" title="Inca">Incan</a> sun god. The sun commemorates the appearance of the sun through cloudy skies on 25 May 1810, during the first mass demonstration in favor of independence." </li> <li id="cite_note-Corrientes-5598-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Corrientes-5598_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Corrientes-5598_5-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hcdcorrientes.gov.ar/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Ley5598.pdf">Ley No. 5598 de la Provincia de Corrientes, 22 October 2004</a> (in Spanish) </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200807005056/http://usuarios.arnet.com.ar/yanasu/Ley5409.html">La educación intercultural bilingüe en Santiago del Estero, ¿mito o realidad?</a> [La cámara de diputados de la provincia sanciona con fuerza de ley.] (in Spanish). Cámara de Diputados de la Nación. p. 1. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://usuarios.arnet.com.ar/yanasu/Ley5409.html">the original</a> on 7 August 2020. Retrieved 30 May 2020. <q>Declárase de interés oficial la preservación, difusión, estímulo, estudio y práctica de la lengua Quíchua en todo el territorio de la provincia [..]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+educaci%C3%B3n+intercultural+biling%C3%BCe+en+Santiago+del+Estero%2C+%C2%BFmito+o+realidad%3F&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=C%C3%A1mara+de+Diputados+de+la+Naci%C3%B3n&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fusuarios.arnet.com.ar%2Fyanasu%2FLey5409.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kom-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kom_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kom_7-1">b</a> Ley No. 6604 de la Provincia de Chaco, 28 July 2010, B.O., (9092) </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200511045625/https://www4.hcdn.gob.ar/dependencias/dcomisiones/periodo-136/136-1732.pdf">Enseñanza y desarrollo continuo del idioma galés en la provincia del Chubut. Expresión de beneplácito. Menna, Quetglas y Austin</a> [Teaching and continuous development of the Welsh language in the province of Chubut. Expression of approval. Menna, Quetglas and Austin.] (PDF) (in Spanish). Cámara de Diputados de la Nación. p. 1. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www4.hcdn.gob.ar/dependencias/dcomisiones/periodo-136/136-1732.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 11 May 2020. Retrieved 17 December 2019. <q>Declarar de interés de la Honorable Cámara de Diputados de la Nación la enseñanza y desarrollo continuo del idioma galés en la provincia del Chubut...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ense%C3%B1anza+y+desarrollo+continuo+del+idioma+gal%C3%A9s+en+la+provincia+del+Chubut.+Expresi%C3%B3n+de+benepl%C3%A1cito.+Menna%2C+Quetglas+y+Austin.&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=C%C3%A1mara+de+Diputados+de+la+Naci%C3%B3n&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww4.hcdn.gob.ar%2Fdependencias%2Fdcomisiones%2Fperiodo-136%2F136-1732.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indexmundi.com/argentina/religions.html">"Argentina Religions - Demographics"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240312160757/https://www.indexmundi.com/argentina/religions.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 March 2024. Retrieved 12 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Argentina+Religions+-+Demographics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indexmundi.com%2Fargentina%2Freligions.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-totalpop-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-totalpop_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-totalpop_10-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140608011356/http://www.indec.mecon.ar/nuevaweb/cuadros/2/f020202.xls">"Población por sexo e índice de masculinidad. Superficie censada y densidad, según provincia. Total del país. Año 2010"</a>. Censo Nacional de Población, Hogares y Viviendas 2010 (in Spanish). Buenos Aires: INDEC – Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos. 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indec.mecon.ar/nuevaweb/cuadros/2/f020202.xls">the original</a> (XLS) on 8 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Censo+Nacional+de+Poblaci%C3%B3n%2C+Hogares+y+Viviendas+2010&rft.atitle=Poblaci%C3%B3n+por+sexo+e+%C3%ADndice+de+masculinidad.+Superficie+censada+y+densidad%2C+seg%C3%BAn+provincia.+Total+del+pa%C3%ADs.+A%C3%B1o+2010&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indec.mecon.ar%2Fnuevaweb%2Fcuadros%2F2%2Ff020202.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indec.gob.ar/indec/web/Nivel3-Tema-2-24">"Proyecciones y estimaciones"</a>. www.indec.gob.ar. INDEC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230609202751/https://www.indec.gob.ar/indec/web/Nivel3-Tema-2-24">Archived</a> from the original on 9 June 2023. Retrieved 3 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.indec.gob.ar&rft.atitle=Proyecciones+y+estimaciones&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indec.gob.ar%2Findec%2Fweb%2FNivel3-Tema-2-24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-P12-CENSO-13"><a href="#cite_ref-P12-CENSO_13-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pagina12.com.ar/520102-censo-2022-4-datos-clave-sobre-la-poblacion-argentina">"El INDEC difundió los resultados provisionales Censo 2022: 4 datos claves sobre la población argentina"</a>. <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1gina/12" class="mw-redirect" title="Página/12">Página/12</a>. Retrieved 31 January 2023. <q>La población argentina tiene actualmente 46.044.703 habitantes, es decir, 5.927.607 de personas más que las relevadas en el último censo, en 2010. En mayo de 2022, pocos días después del relevamiento, el INDEC había difundido los primeros resultados preliminares, que indicaban que la población argentina tenía 47.327.407 habitantes. Sin embargo el dato fue corregido esta tarde.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=P%C3%A1gina%2F12&rft.atitle=El+INDEC+difundi%C3%B3+los+resultados+provisionales+Censo+2022%3A+4+datos+claves+sobre+la+poblaci%C3%B3n+argentina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pagina12.com.ar%2F520102-censo-2022-4-datos-clave-sobre-la-poblacion-argentina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMFWEO.AR-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.AR_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.AR_14-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.AR_14-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.AR_14-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/October/weo-report?c=213,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=1980&ey=2029&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1">"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2024 Edition. (Argentina)"</a>. www.imf.org. <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>. 10 October 2024. Retrieved 9 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.imf.org&rft.atitle=World+Economic+Outlook+Database%2C+October+2024+Edition.+%28Argentina%29&rft.date=2024-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fen%2FPublications%2FWEO%2Fweo-database%2F2024%2FOctober%2Fweo-report%3Fc%3D213%2C%26s%3DNGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2C%26sy%3D1980%26ey%3D2029%26ssm%3D0%26scsm%3D1%26scc%3D0%26ssd%3D1%26ssc%3D0%26sic%3D0%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gini-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gini_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gini_15-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=AR">"GINI index (World Bank estimate) – Argentina"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221122233431/http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=AR">Archived</a> from the original on 22 November 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GINI+index+%28World+Bank+estimate%29+%E2%80%93+Argentina&rft.pub=World+Bank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSI.POV.GINI%3Flocations%3DAR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNHDR-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UNHDR_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNHDR_16-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf">"Human Development Report 2023/24"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a>. 13 March 2024. p. 288. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240313164319/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Human+Development+Report+2023%2F24&rft.pages=288&rft.pub=United+Nations+Development+Programme&rft.date=2024-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2Fglobal-report-document%2Fhdr2023-24reporten.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbad_de_Santillán197117-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbad_de_Santill%C3%A1n197117_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbad_de_Santill%C3%A1n197117_20-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFAbad_de_Santill%C3%A1n1971">Abad de Santillán 1971</a>, p. 17. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrow1992128-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrow1992128_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrow1992128_21-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFCrow1992">Crow 1992</a>, p. 128. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELevene194811Sánchez_Viamonte1948196–97Vanossi196411-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevene194811S%C3%A1nchez_Viamonte1948196%E2%80%9397Vanossi196411_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevene194811S%C3%A1nchez_Viamonte1948196%E2%80%9397Vanossi196411_22-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLevene1948">Levene 1948</a>, p. 11: "[After the Viceroyalty became] a new period that commenced with the revolution of 1810, whose plan consisted in declaring the independence of a nation, thus turning the legal bond of vassalage into one of citizenship as a component of sovereignty and, in addition, organizing the democratic republic."; <a href="#CITEREFS%C3%A1nchez_Viamonte1948">Sánchez Viamonte 1948</a>, pp. 196–97: "The Argentine nation was a unity in colonial times, during the Viceroyalty, and remained so after the revolution of May 1810. [...] The provinces never acted as independent sovereign states, but as entities created within the nation and as integral parts of it, incidentally affected by internal conflicts."; <a href="#CITEREFVanossi1964">Vanossi 1964</a>, p. 11: "[The Argentine nationality is a] unique national entity, successor to the Viceroyalty, which, after undergoing a long period of anarchy and disorganization, adopted a decentralized form in 1853–1860 under the Constitution." </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon_A._Bridger2013" class="citation book cs1">Gordon A. Bridger (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jXNgInLwwIoC&pg=PA101">Britain and the Making of Argentina</a>. WIT Press. p. 101. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781845646844" title="Special:BookSources/9781845646844"><bdi>9781845646844</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231027022806/https://books.google.com/books?id=jXNgInLwwIoC&pg=PA101#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 27 October 2023. Retrieved 19 August 2021. <q>Some 86% identify themselves as being of European descent, of whom 60% would claim Italian links</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britain+and+the+Making+of+Argentina&rft.pages=101&rft.pub=WIT+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781845646844&rft.au=Gordon+A.+Bridger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjXNgInLwwIoC%26pg%3DPA101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LaMatanza-24"><a href="#cite_ref-LaMatanza_24-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDepartamento_de_Derecho_y_Ciencias_Políticas_de_la_Universidad_Nacional_de_La_Matanza2011" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Departamento de Derecho y Ciencias Políticas de la <a href="/wiki/National_University_of_La_Matanza" title="National University of La Matanza">Universidad Nacional de La Matanza</a> (14 November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://infouniversidades.siu.edu.ar/noticia.php?titulo=historias_de_inmigrantes_italianos_en_argentina&id=1432">"Historias de inmigrantes italianos en Argentina"</a> (in Spanish). infouniversidades.siu.edu.ar. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211226054106/http://infouniversidades.siu.edu.ar/noticia.php?titulo=historias_de_inmigrantes_italianos_en_argentina&id=1432">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2021. Retrieved 9 October 2018. <q>Se estima que en la actualidad, el 90% de la población argentina tiene alguna ascendencia europea y que al menos 25 millones están relacionados con algún inmigrante de Italia.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Historias+de+inmigrantes+italianos+en+Argentina&rft.pub=infouniversidades.siu.edu.ar&rft.date=2011-11-14&rft.au=Departamento+de+Derecho+y+Ciencias+Pol%C3%ADticas+de+la+Universidad+Nacional+de+La+Matanza&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finfouniversidades.siu.edu.ar%2Fnoticia.php%3Ftitulo%3Dhistorias_de_inmigrantes_italianos_en_argentina%26id%3D1432&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080227022729/http://www.migranti.torino.it/Documenti%20%20PDF/italianial%20ster05.pdf">"Italiani nel Mondo: diaspora italiana in cifre"</a> [Italians in the World: Italian diaspora in figures] (PDF) (in Italian). Migranti Torino. 30 April 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.migranti.torino.it/Documenti%20%20PDF/italianial%20ster05.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 27 February 2008. Retrieved 22 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Italiani+nel+Mondo%3A+diaspora+italiana+in+cifre&rft.pub=Migranti+Torino&rft.date=2004-04-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.migranti.torino.it%2FDocumenti%2520%2520PDF%2Fitalianial%2520ster05.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oni.escuelas.edu.ar/olimpi98/BajarondelosBarcos/frames.htm">O.N.I. – Department of Education of Argentina</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080915043427/http://www.oni.escuelas.edu.ar/olimpi98/BajarondelosBarcos/frames.htm">Archived</a> 15 September 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWood198818Solomon19973-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWood198818Solomon19973_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWood198818Solomon19973_27-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFWood1988">Wood 1988</a>, p. 18; <a href="#CITEREFSolomon1997">Solomon 1997</a>, p. 3. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHuntington20006Nierop200161Lake200955Papadopoulos2010283Malamud20119Boughton2012101-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHuntington20006Nierop200161Lake200955Papadopoulos2010283Malamud20119Boughton2012101_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHuntington20006Nierop200161Lake200955Papadopoulos2010283Malamud20119Boughton2012101_28-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFHuntington2000">Huntington 2000</a>, p. 6; <a href="#CITEREFNierop2001">Nierop 2001</a>, p. 61: "Secondary regional powers in Huntington's view (Huntington, 2000, p. 6) include Great Britain, Ukraine, Japan, South Korea, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Argentina."; <a href="#CITEREFLake2009">Lake 2009</a>, p. 55: "The US has created a foundation upon which the regional powers, especially Argentina and Brazil, can develop their own rules for further managing regional relations."; <a href="#CITEREFPapadopoulos2010">Papadopoulos 2010</a>, p. 283: "The driving force behind the adoption of the MERCOSUR agreement was similar to that of the establishment of the EU: the hope of limiting the possibilities of traditional military hostility between the major regional powers, Brazil and Argentina."; <a href="#CITEREFMalamud2011">Malamud 2011</a>, p. 9: "Though not a surprise, the position of Argentina, Brazil's main regional partner, as the staunchest opponent of its main international ambition [to win a permanent seat on the UN Security Council] dealt a heavy blow to Brazil's image as a regional leader."; <a href="#CITEREFBoughton2012">Boughton 2012</a>, p. 101: "When the U.S. Treasury organized the next round of finance meetings, it included several non-APEC members, including all the European members of the G7, the Latin American powers Argentina and Brazil, and such other emerging markets as India, Poland, and South Africa." </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris198863AdlerGreve200978Ruiz-DanaGoldschagClaroBlanco200918-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris198863AdlerGreve200978Ruiz-DanaGoldschagClaroBlanco200918_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris198863AdlerGreve200978Ruiz-DanaGoldschagClaroBlanco200918_29-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFMorris1988">Morris 1988</a>, p. 63: "Argentina has been the leading military and economic power in the Southern Cone in the Twentieth Century."; <a href="#CITEREFAdlerGreve2009">Adler & Greve 2009</a>, p. 78: "The southern cone of South America, including Argentina and Brazil, the two regional powers, has recently become a pluralistic security community."; <a href="#CITEREFRuiz-DanaGoldschagClaroBlanco2009">Ruiz-Dana et al. 2009</a>, p. 18: "[...] notably by linking the Southern Cone's rival regional powers, Brazil and Argentina." </li> <li id="cite_note-Major_Non-NATO_Ally_Status-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Major_Non-NATO_Ally_Status_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Major_Non-NATO_Ally_Status_30-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/major-non-nato-ally-status/">"Major Non-NATO Ally Status"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220227062358/https://www.state.gov/major-non-nato-ally-status/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2022. Retrieved 21 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Major+Non-NATO+Ally+Status&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Fmajor-non-nato-ally-status%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://countryeconomy.com/hdi/argentina">"Argentina – Human Development Index – HDI 2021 | countryeconomy.com"</a>. countryeconomy.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230528223912/https://countryeconomy.com/hdi/argentina">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2023. Retrieved 28 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=countryeconomy.com&rft.atitle=Argentina+%E2%80%93+Human+Development+Index+%E2%80%93+HDI+2021+%7C+countryeconomy.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcountryeconomy.com%2Fhdi%2Fargentina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> The name Argentine (Spanish) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oni.escuelas.edu.ar/olimpi99/libros-digitales/html/argentin.htm">El nombre de Argentina</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303175318/http://www.oni.escuelas.edu.ar/olimpi99/libros-digitales/html/argentin.htm">Archived</a> 3 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERock19876,_8Edwards20087-33"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERock19876,_8Edwards20087_33-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRock1987">Rock 1987</a>, pp. 6, 8; <a href="#CITEREFEdwards2008">Edwards 2008</a>, p. 7. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETraba198515,_71-35"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETraba198515,_71_35-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTraba1985">Traba 1985</a>, pp. 15, 71. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentina1826,_art._1-36"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentina1826,_art._1_36-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFConstitution_of_Argentina">Constitution of Argentina</a>, 1826, art. 1. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentina1853,_Preamble-37"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentina1853,_Preamble_37-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFConstitution_of_Argentina">Constitution of Argentina</a>, 1853, Preamble. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERosenblat196478-38"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERosenblat196478_38-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRosenblat1964">Rosenblat 1964</a>, p. 78. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentina1860_amd.,_art._35-39"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentina1860_amd.,_art._35_39-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFConstitution_of_Argentina">Constitution of Argentina</a>, 1860 amd., art. 35. </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140305011413/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/Argentina">"Definition of Argentina in Oxford Dictionaries (British & World English)"</a>. Oxford, UK: Oxford Dictionaries. 6 May 2013. 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Retrieved 25 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=El+%27plan+del+Inca%27+de+Belgrano&rft.date=2013-11-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ellitoral.com%2Findex.php%2Fdiarios%2F2012%2F07%2F06%2Fopinion%2FOPIN-04.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edant.clarin.com/diario/2005/06/04/sociedad/s-05001.htm">"Plan del Inca"</a>. 15 November 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303173055/http://edant.clarin.com/diario/2005/06/04/sociedad/s-05001.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2016. 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Editorial Plus Ultra. p. 105. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-950-21-1256-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-950-21-1256-5"><bdi>978-950-21-1256-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=VIII&rft.btitle=Historia+del+Chaco&rft.pages=105&rft.pub=Editorial+Plus+Ultra&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-950-21-1256-5&rft.aulast=Maeder&rft.aufirst=Ernesto+J.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIñigo_Carrera1983" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Iñigo Carrera, Nicolás (1983). La colonización del Chaco (in Spanish). 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II. </li> <li id="cite_note-developed-91"><a href="#cite_ref-developed_91-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/node/2704457">"Becoming a serious country"</a>. The Economist. London. 3 June 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140320033128/http://www.economist.com/node/2704457">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2014. <q>Argentina is thus not a "developing country". Uniquely, it achieved development and then lost it again.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Becoming+a+serious+country&rft.date=2004-06-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnode%2F2704457&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGalasso2011181–302vol._II-92"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGalasso2011181%E2%80%93302vol._II_92-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGalasso2011">Galasso 2011</a>, pp. 181–302, vol. II. </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> Alexander, Robert Jackson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pCc4QThKRSMC">A History of Organized Labor in Argentina</a>. 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II. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERobben201134-101"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobben201134_101-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRobben2011">Robben 2011</a>, p. 34. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGalasso2011381–422vol._II-102"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGalasso2011381%E2%80%93422vol._II_102-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGalasso2011">Galasso 2011</a>, pp. 381–422, vol. II. </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoreno2005" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Moreno, Hugo (2005). Le désastre argentin. Péronisme, politique et violence sociale (1930–2001) (in French). 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Retrieved 24 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bipindicators.net&rft.atitle=Biodiversity+2005.+Cambridge%2C+UK%3A+UNEP%E2%80%93WCMC+%E2%80%93+World+Conservation+Monitoring+Centre+of+the+United+Nations+Environment+Programme.+2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bipindicators.net%2Fsystem%2Fresources%2Ffiles%2F000%2F000%2F393%2Foriginal%2F801.pdf%3F1480337758&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/a6e225da-4a31-4e06-818d-ca3aeadfd635/content">Terms and Definitions FRA 2025 Forest Resources Assessment, Working Paper 194</a>. 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Ministerio de Turismo. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.turismo.gov.ar/eng/Information/fsinformations.htm">the original</a> on 30 August 2015. Retrieved 21 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=General+Information&rft.pub=Ministerio+de+Turismo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.turismo.gov.ar%2Feng%2FInformation%2Ffsinformations.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fernandez-191"><a href="#cite_ref-Fernandez_191-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFernandezBusso" class="citation web cs1">Fernandez, Osvaldo; Busso, Carlos. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924084601/http://www.rala.is/rade/ralareport/fernandez.pdf">"Arid and semi–arid rangelands: two thirds of Argentina"</a> (PDF). The Agricultural University of Iceland. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rala.is/rade/ralareport/fernandez.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 24 September 2015. 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Secretaría de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sustentable. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ambiente.gov.ar/archivos/web/UCC/File/09ccargentina.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 20 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=El+Cambio+Climatico+en+Argentina&rft.pub=Secretar%C3%ADa+de+Ambiente+y+Desarrollo+Sustentable&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ambiente.gov.ar%2Farchivos%2Fweb%2FUCC%2FFile%2F09ccargentina.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Robinson-195">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Robinson_195-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Robinson_195-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Robinson_195-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobinsonAcemoglu2006" class="citation book cs1">Robinson, James; Acemoglu, Daron (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.harvard.edu/jrobinson/publications/economic-origins-dictatorship-and-democracy">Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy</a>. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 7–8. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231014121611/https://scholar.harvard.edu/jrobinson/publications/economic-origins-dictatorship-and-democracy">Archived</a> from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 29 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Economic+Origins+of+Dictatorship+and+Democracy&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+UK&rft.pages=7-8&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Acemoglu%2C+Daron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholar.harvard.edu%2Fjrobinson%2Fpublications%2Feconomic-origins-dictatorship-and-democracy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LevitskyMurillo-196">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LevitskyMurillo_196-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LevitskyMurillo_196-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LevitskyMurillo_196-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LevitskyMurillo_196-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevitskyMurillo2005" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Levitsky, Steven; Murillo, María Victoria (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=y836oj86VSUC&pg=PA1">"Introduction"</a>. In Steven Levitsky; María Victoria Murillo (eds.). Argentine Democracy: The Politics of Institutional Weakness. Penn State University Press. pp. 1–2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0271046341" title="Special:BookSources/0271046341"><bdi>0271046341</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231129143336/https://books.google.com/books?id=y836oj86VSUC&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2023. Retrieved 29 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=Argentine+Democracy%3A+The+Politics+of+Institutional+Weakness&rft.pages=1-2&rft.pub=Penn+State+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0271046341&rft.aulast=Levitsky&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.au=Murillo%2C+Mar%C3%ADa+Victoria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dy836oj86VSUC%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anderson-197"><a href="#cite_ref-Anderson_197-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeslie_E._Anderson2016" class="citation book cs1">Leslie E. Anderson (2016). Democratization by Institutions: Argentina's Transition Years in Comparative Perspective. University of Michigan Press. p. 15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Democratization+by+Institutions%3A+Argentina%27s+Transition+Years+in+Comparative+Perspective&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.au=Leslie+E.+Anderson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-vdem_dataset-198"><a href="#cite_ref-vdem_dataset_198-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFV-Dem_Institute2023" class="citation web cs1">V-Dem Institute (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/">"The V-Dem Dataset"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221208183458/https://www.v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2022. Retrieved 14 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+V-Dem+Dataset&rft.date=2023&rft.au=V-Dem+Institute&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.v-dem.net%2Fdata%2Fthe-v-dem-dataset%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaart._63-199"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaart._63_199-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFConstitution_of_Argentina">Constitution of Argentina</a>, art. 63. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaart._1-200"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaart._1_200-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFConstitution_of_Argentina">Constitution of Argentina</a>, art. 1. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaart._3-201"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaart._3_201-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFConstitution_of_Argentina">Constitution of Argentina</a>, art. 3. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaart._37-202"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaart._37_202-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFConstitution_of_Argentina">Constitution of Argentina</a>, art. 37. </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2012/11/01/argentina-voting-age/">"Argentina lowers its voting age to 16"</a>. The Washington Post. Washington, DC. 1 November 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150511081513/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2012/11/01/argentina-voting-age/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2015. Retrieved 24 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Argentina+lowers+its+voting+age+to+16&rft.date=2012-11-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fblogs%2Fworldviews%2Fwp%2F2012%2F11%2F01%2Fargentina-voting-age%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaarts._53,_59,_75-205"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaarts._53,_59,_75_205-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFConstitution_of_Argentina">Constitution of Argentina</a>, arts. 53, 59, 75. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaarts._45,_47,_50-206"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaarts._45,_47,_50_206-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFConstitution_of_Argentina">Constitution of Argentina</a>, arts. 45, 47, 50. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaarts._54,_56-207"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaarts._54,_56_207-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFConstitution_of_Argentina">Constitution of Argentina</a>, arts. 54, 56. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaart._99-208"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaart._99_208-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFConstitution_of_Argentina">Constitution of Argentina</a>, art. 99. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaart._90-209"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaart._90_209-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFConstitution_of_Argentina">Constitution of Argentina</a>, art. 90. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaart._116-210"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaart._116_210-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFConstitution_of_Argentina">Constitution of Argentina</a>, art. 116. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaarts._99,_114-211"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaarts._99,_114_211-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFConstitution_of_Argentina">Constitution of Argentina</a>, arts. 99, 114. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaart._121-212"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaart._121_212-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFConstitution_of_Argentina">Constitution of Argentina</a>, art. 121. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaarts._5–6-213"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaarts._5%E2%80%936_213-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFConstitution_of_Argentina">Constitution of Argentina</a>, arts. 5–6. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaart._123-214"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaart._123_214-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFConstitution_of_Argentina">Constitution of Argentina</a>, art. 123. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaart._122-215"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaart._122_215-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFConstitution_of_Argentina">Constitution of Argentina</a>, art. 122. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaarts._124–125-216"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaarts._124%E2%80%93125_216-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFConstitution_of_Argentina">Constitution of Argentina</a>, arts. 124–125. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaart._129-217"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaart._129_217-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFConstitution_of_Argentina">Constitution of Argentina</a>, art. 129. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERey_Balmaceda199519-219"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERey_Balmaceda199519_219-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRey_Balmaceda1995">Rey Balmaceda 1995</a>, p. 19. </li> <li id="cite_note-Duggan_and_Lewis-220"><a href="#cite_ref-Duggan_and_Lewis_220-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernado_A._DugganColin_M._Lewis2019" class="citation book cs1">Bernado A. Duggan; Colin M. Lewis (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wiCmDwAAQBAJ&q=Islas+Sandwich+del+Sur:+La+Argentina+en+el+Atl%C3%A1ntico+Sur&pg=PA696">Historical Dictionary of Argentina</a>. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 696. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5381-1970-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5381-1970-9"><bdi>978-1-5381-1970-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231129143453/https://books.google.com/books?id=wiCmDwAAQBAJ&q=Islas+Sandwich+del+Sur:+La+Argentina+en+el+Atl%C3%A1ntico+Sur&pg=PA696#v=snippet&q=Islas%20Sandwich%20del%20Sur%3A%20La%20Argentina%20en%20el%20Atl%C3%A1ntico%20Sur&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2023. 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Index Mundi – CIA World Factbook. 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140407074801/http://www.indexmundi.com/argentina/railways.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Argentina+%E2%80%93+Railways&rft.pub=Index+Mundi+%E2%80%93+CIA+World+Factbook&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indexmundi.com%2Fargentina%2Frailways.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-279"><a href="#cite_ref-279">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1766910-desde-hoy-toda-la-linea-mitre-tiene-trenes-0-km">Desde hoy, toda la línea Mitre tiene trenes 0 km</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326034816/http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1766910-desde-hoy-toda-la-linea-mitre-tiene-trenes-0-km">Archived</a> 26 March 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – La Nacion, 09, February 2015 </li> <li id="cite_note-280"><a href="#cite_ref-280">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://enelsubte.com/noticias/exitosa-prueba-en-la-renovada-via-a-rosario/">Exitosa prueba en la renovada vía a Rosario</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150314230122/http://enelsubte.com/noticias/exitosa-prueba-en-la-renovada-via-a-rosario/">Archived</a> 14 March 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – EnElSubte, 09, March 2015 </li> <li id="cite_note-281"><a href="#cite_ref-281">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pagina12.com.ar/diario/economia/2-270658-2015-04-16.html">Otro salto en la recuperación de soberanía</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150520040405/http://www.pagina12.com.ar/diario/economia/2-270658-2015-04-16.html">Archived</a> 20 May 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – Pagina/12, 16 April 2015 </li> <li id="cite_note-282"><a href="#cite_ref-282">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://enelsubte.com/noticias/es-ley-la-creacion-de-ferrocarriles-argentinos/">Es ley la creación de Ferrocarriles Argentinos</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150416183104/http://enelsubte.com/noticias/es-ley-la-creacion-de-ferrocarriles-argentinos/">Archived</a> 16 April 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – EnElSubte, 15 April 2015 </li> <li id="cite_note-283"><a href="#cite_ref-283">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://prensa.argentina.ar/2015/04/15/57505-ferrocarriles-argentinos-randazzo-agradecio-a-la-oposicion-parlamentaria-por-acompanar-en-su-recuperacion.php">Ferrocarriles Argentinos: Randazzo agradeció a la oposición parlamentaria por acompañar en su recuperación</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150416184115/http://prensa.argentina.ar/2015/04/15/57505-ferrocarriles-argentinos-randazzo-agradecio-a-la-oposicion-parlamentaria-por-acompanar-en-su-recuperacion.php">Archived</a> 16 April 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – Sala de Prensa de la Republica Argentina, 15 April 2015 </li> <li id="cite_note-284"><a href="#cite_ref-284">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indexmundi.com/argentina/waterways.html">"Argentina – Waterways"</a>. 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Index Mundi – CIA World Factbook. 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121101195757/http://www.indexmundi.com/ARGENTINA/airports_with_paved_runways.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Argentina+%E2%80%93+Airports+with+paved+runways&rft.pub=Index+Mundi+%E2%80%93+CIA+World+Factbook&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indexmundi.com%2Fargentina%2Fairports_with_paved_runways.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAeberhardBensonPhillips200076-286"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAeberhardBensonPhillips200076_286-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAeberhardBensonPhillips2000">Aeberhard, Benson & Phillips 2000</a>, p. 76. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAeberhardBensonPhillips200024–25-287"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAeberhardBensonPhillips200024%E2%80%9325_287-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAeberhardBensonPhillips2000">Aeberhard, Benson & Phillips 2000</a>, pp. 24–25. </li> <li id="cite_note-288"><a href="#cite_ref-288">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.natcapsolutions.org/publications_files/BrittlePower/BrittlePower_Parts123.pdf">Brittle Power</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160402203813/http://www.natcapsolutions.org/publications_files/BrittlePower/BrittlePower_Parts123.pdf">Archived</a> 2 April 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, p. 144. </li> <li id="cite_note-289"><a href="#cite_ref-289">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.argentina.gob.ar/economia/energia/planeamiento-energetico/panel-de-indicadores/potencia-instalada">"Potencia Instalada Energía Eléctrica"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220901173152/https://www.argentina.gob.ar/economia/energia/planeamiento-energetico/panel-de-indicadores/potencia-instalada">Archived</a> from the original on 1 September 2022. Retrieved 13 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Potencia+Instalada+Energ%C3%ADa+El%C3%A9ctrica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.argentina.gob.ar%2Feconomia%2Fenergia%2Fplaneamiento-energetico%2Fpanel-de-indicadores%2Fpotencia-instalada&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-290"><a href="#cite_ref-290">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2022/Apr/IRENA_RE_Capacity_Statistics_2022.pdf">"RENEWABLE CAPACITY STATISTICS 2022"</a> (PDF). 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Retrieved 19 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IRENA&rft.atitle=RENEWABLE+CAPACITY+STATISTICS+2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irena.org%2F-%2Fmedia%2FFiles%2FIRENA%2FAgency%2FPublication%2F2022%2FApr%2FIRENA_RE_Capacity_Statistics_2022.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-291"><a href="#cite_ref-291">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://revistagalileu.globo.com/Revista/Common/0,,EMI307062-18537,00-ARGENTINA+INVESTE+BILHOES+PARA+TRANSFORMAR+VENTOS+DA+PATAGONIA+EM+ENERGIA.html">"Argentina investe bilhões para transformar ventos da patagônia em energia"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220427053525/https://revistagalileu.globo.com/Revista/Common/0,,EMI307062-18537,00-ARGENTINA+INVESTE+BILHOES+PARA+TRANSFORMAR+VENTOS+DA+PATAGONIA+EM+ENERGIA.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 April 2022. Retrieved 14 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Argentina+investe+bilh%C3%B5es+para+transformar+ventos+da+patag%C3%B4nia+em+energia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frevistagalileu.globo.com%2FRevista%2FCommon%2F0%2C%2CEMI307062-18537%2C00-ARGENTINA%2BINVESTE%2BBILHOES%2BPARA%2BTRANSFORMAR%2BVENTOS%2BDA%2BPATAGONIA%2BEM%2BENERGIA.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-292"><a href="#cite_ref-292">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReneau,_Leandro2012" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Reneau, Leandro (29 September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140805233045/http://tiempo.infonews.com/2012/09/29/argentina-87001-atucha-iii-se-construira-con-un-60-de-componentes-nacionales.php">"Atucha III se construirá con un 60% de componentes nacionales"</a> (in Spanish). 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Convergencia. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (in Spanish). Toluca, México: Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México: 194–195. 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Newport, RI: International Tennis Hall of Fame and Museum. 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140214070259/http://www.tennisfame.com/hall-of-famers/members">Archived</a> from the original on 14 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hall+of+Fame+Members&rft.place=Newport%2C+RI&rft.pub=International+Tennis+Hall+of+Fame+and+Museum&rft.date=2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tennisfame.com%2Fhall-of-famers%2Fmembers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAeberhardBensonPhillips200050–51-421"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAeberhardBensonPhillips200050%E2%80%9351_421-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAeberhardBensonPhillips2000">Aeberhard, Benson & Phillips 2000</a>, pp. 50–51. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaurightParrish2012128-422"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaurightParrish2012128_422-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNaurightParrish2012">Nauright & Parrish 2012</a>, p. 128. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaurightParrish201298Dougall2013170–171-423"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaurightParrish201298Dougall2013170%E2%80%93171_423-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNaurightParrish2012">Nauright & Parrish 2012</a>, p. 98; <a href="#CITEREFDougall2013">Dougall 2013</a>, pp. 170–171. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArbena1999147Dougall2013170–171,_195-424"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArbena1999147Dougall2013170%E2%80%93171,_195_424-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFArbena1999">Arbena 1999</a>, p. 147; <a href="#CITEREFDougall2013">Dougall 2013</a>, pp. 170–171, 195. </li> </ol></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legal_documents">Legal documents</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConstitution_of_Argentina" class="citation cs2">National Constituent Convention (22 August 1994), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040509144959/http://www.senado.gov.ar/web/interes/constitucion/english.php">Constitution of the Argentine Nation</a>, Santa Fe: <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Senate" title="Argentine Senate">Argentine Senate</a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.senado.gov.ar/web/interes/constitucion/english.php">the original</a> on 9 May 2004</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Constitution+of+the+Argentine+Nation&rft.place=Santa+Fe&rft.pub=Argentine+Senate&rft.date=1994-08-22&rft.au=National+Constituent+Convention&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.senado.gov.ar%2Fweb%2Finteres%2Fconstitucion%2Fenglish.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles">Articles</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoltVan_Zanden2013" class="citation journal cs1">Bolt, Jutta; Van Zanden, Jan Luiten (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ggdc.net/maddison/maddison-project/data/mpd_2013-01.xlsx">"The First Update of the Maddison Project; Re-estimating Growth Before 1820"</a> (XLS). Maddison Project Working Paper 4. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180105044340/http://www.ggdc.net/maddison/maddison-project/data/mpd_2013-01.xlsx">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2018. Retrieved 1 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Maddison+Project+Working+Paper+4&rft.atitle=The+First+Update+of+the+Maddison+Project%3B+Re-estimating+Growth+Before+1820&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Bolt&rft.aufirst=Jutta&rft.au=Van+Zanden%2C+Jan+Luiten&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ggdc.net%2Fmaddison%2Fmaddison-project%2Fdata%2Fmpd_2013-01.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColantoniGurlekian2004" class="citation journal cs1">Colantoni, Laura; Gurlekian, Jorge (August 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200726085900/http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/5602/592422ab3fa2442138ac0c00ecd0aa4374bb.pdf">"Convergence and intonation. Historical evidence from Buenos Aires Spanish"</a> (PDF). Bilingualism: Language and Cognition. 7 (2). Cambridge, UK: 107–19. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS1366728904001488">10.1017/S1366728904001488</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/11336%2F118441">11336/118441</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:56111230">56111230</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/5602/592422ab3fa2442138ac0c00ecd0aa4374bb.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 26 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bilingualism%3A+Language+and+Cognition&rft.atitle=Convergence+and+intonation.+Historical+evidence+from+Buenos+Aires+Spanish&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=107-19&rft.date=2004-08&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F11336%2F118441&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A56111230%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS1366728904001488&rft.aulast=Colantoni&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft.au=Gurlekian%2C+Jorge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpdfs.semanticscholar.org%2F5602%2F592422ab3fa2442138ac0c00ecd0aa4374bb.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCruz1990" class="citation magazine cs1">Cruz, Arturo Jr. (6 August 1990). "Glory Past but Not Forgotten". Insight on the News. Vol. 6, no. 32. New York: News World Communications. p. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Insight+on+the+News&rft.atitle=Glory+Past+but+Not+Forgotten&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=32&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1990-08-06&rft.aulast=Cruz&rft.aufirst=Arturo+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDellaPergola2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sergio_DellaPergola" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergio DellaPergola">DellaPergola, Sergio</a> (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishdatabank.org/Studies/downloadFile.cfm?FileID=3113">"World Jewish Population, 2013"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Dashefsky" title="Arnold Dashefsky">Dashefsky, Arnold</a>; Sheskin, Ira (eds.). The American Jewish Year Book, 2013. American Jewish Year Book. Vol. 113. Dordrecht: Springer. pp. 279–358. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-319-01658-0_6">10.1007/978-3-319-01658-0_6</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-01658-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-01658-0"><bdi>978-3-319-01658-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=World+Jewish+Population%2C+2013&rft.btitle=The+American+Jewish+Year+Book%2C+2013&rft.place=Dordrecht&rft.series=American+Jewish+Year+Book&rft.pages=279-358&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-01658-0_6&rft.isbn=978-3-319-01658-0&rft.aulast=DellaPergola&rft.aufirst=Sergio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishdatabank.org%2FStudies%2FdownloadFile.cfm%3FFileID%3D3113&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLong2009" class="citation journal cs1">Long, Marshall (April 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170808081005/http://www.mlacoustics.com/PDF/Shoebox.pdf">"What is So Special About Shoebox Halls? Envelopment, Envelopment, Envelopment"</a> (PDF). Acoustics Today. 5 (2): 21–25. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1121%2F1.3182843">10.1121/1.3182843</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mlacoustics.com/PDF/Shoebox.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 8 August 2017. Retrieved 19 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acoustics+Today&rft.atitle=What+is+So+Special+About+Shoebox+Halls%3F+Envelopment%2C+Envelopment%2C+Envelopment&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=21-25&rft.date=2009-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1121%2F1.3182843&rft.aulast=Long&rft.aufirst=Marshall&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmlacoustics.com%2FPDF%2FShoebox.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalamud2011" class="citation journal cs1">Malamud, Andrés (2011). "A Leader Without Followers? The Growing Divergence Between the Regional and Global Performance of Brazilian Foreign Policy". Latin American Politics and Society. 53 (3). Lisbon: 1–24. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1548-2456.2011.00123.x">10.1111/j.1548-2456.2011.00123.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10451%2F15545">10451/15545</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154469332">154469332</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Latin+American+Politics+and+Society&rft.atitle=A+Leader+Without+Followers%3F+The+Growing+Divergence+Between+the+Regional+and+Global+Performance+of+Brazilian+Foreign+Policy&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=1-24&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10451%2F15545&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154469332%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1548-2456.2011.00123.x&rft.aulast=Malamud&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMallimaciEsquivelIrrazábal2008" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mallimaci, Fortunato; Esquivel, Juan Cruz; Irrazábal, Gabriela (26 August 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ceil-conicet.gov.ar/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/encuesta1.pdf">"Primera Encuesta Sobre Creencias y Actitudes Religiosas En Argentina"</a> (PDF) (in Spanish). Buenos Aires: CONICET – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151010051330/http://edant.clarin.com/diario/2008/08/27/um/encuesta1.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 10 October 2015. Retrieved 7 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Primera+Encuesta+Sobre+Creencias+y+Actitudes+Religiosas+En+Argentina&rft.place=Buenos+Aires&rft.pub=CONICET+%E2%80%93+Consejo+Nacional+de+Investigaciones+Cient%C3%ADficas+y+T%C3%A9cnicas&rft.date=2008-08-26&rft.aulast=Mallimaci&rft.aufirst=Fortunato&rft.au=Esquivel%2C+Juan+Cruz&rft.au=Irraz%C3%A1bal%2C+Gabriela&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ceil-conicet.gov.ar%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2013%2F02%2Fencuesta1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSolomon1997" class="citation web cs1">Solomon, Hussein (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140419052314/http://www.cips.up.ac.za/files/pdf/uafspublications/South%20African%20foreign%20policy%2C%20middle%20power%20leadership%20and%20preventive%20diplomacy.pdf">"South African Foreign Policy, Middle Power Leadership and Preventive Diplomacy"</a> (PDF). Pretoria, South Africa: Centre for International Political Studies. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cips.up.ac.za/files/pdf/uafspublications/South%20African%20foreign%20policy%2C%20middle%20power%20leadership%20and%20preventive%20diplomacy.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 19 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=South+African+Foreign+Policy%2C+Middle+Power+Leadership+and+Preventive+Diplomacy&rft.place=Pretoria%2C+South+Africa&rft.pub=Centre+for+International+Political+Studies&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Solomon&rft.aufirst=Hussein&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cips.up.ac.za%2Ffiles%2Fpdf%2Fuafspublications%2FSouth%2520African%2520foreign%2520policy%252C%2520middle%2520power%2520leadership%2520and%2520preventive%2520diplomacy.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/wiki/Category:Books_about_Argentina" title="Category:Books about Argentina">Category:Books about Argentina</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbad_de_Santillán1971" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Diego_Abad_de_Santill%C3%A1n" title="Diego Abad de Santillán">Abad de Santillán, Diego</a> (1971). Historia Argentina (in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Tipográfica Editora Argentina.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historia+Argentina&rft.place=Buenos+Aires&rft.pub=Tipogr%C3%A1fica+Editora+Argentina&rft.date=1971&rft.aulast=Abad+de+Santill%C3%A1n&rft.aufirst=Diego&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdlerGreve2009" class="citation book cs1">Adler, Emanuel; Greve, Patricia (2009). "When security community meets balance of power: overlapping regional mechanisms of security governance". In Fawn, Rick (ed.). Globalising the Regional, Regionalising the Global. Review of International Studies. Vol. 35. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 59–84. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-75988-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-75988-5"><bdi>978-0-521-75988-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=When+security+community+meets+balance+of+power%3A+overlapping+regional+mechanisms+of+security+governance&rft.btitle=Globalising+the+Regional%2C+Regionalising+the+Global&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.series=Review+of+International+Studies&rft.pages=59-84&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-521-75988-5&rft.aulast=Adler&rft.aufirst=Emanuel&rft.au=Greve%2C+Patricia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAeberhardBensonPhillips2000" class="citation book cs1">Aeberhard, Danny; Benson, Andrew; Phillips, Lucy (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/roughguidetoarge0000aebe_z0y6">The rough guide to Argentina</a>. London: Rough Guides. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85828-569-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85828-569-6"><bdi>978-1-85828-569-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+rough+guide+to+Argentina&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Rough+Guides&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-85828-569-6&rft.aulast=Aeberhard&rft.aufirst=Danny&rft.au=Benson%2C+Andrew&rft.au=Phillips%2C+Lucy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Froughguidetoarge0000aebe_z0y6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAkstinat2013" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Akstinat, Björn (2013). Handbuch der deutschsprachigen Presse im Ausland (in German). Berlin: IMH–Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-9815158-1-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-9815158-1-7"><bdi>978-3-9815158-1-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbuch+der+deutschsprachigen+Presse+im+Ausland&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=IMH%E2%80%93Verlag&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-3-9815158-1-7&rft.aulast=Akstinat&rft.aufirst=Bj%C3%B6rn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndersonSloan2009" class="citation book cs1">Anderson, Sean K.; <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Sloan" title="Stephen Sloan">Sloan, Stephen</a> (3 August 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aVcG7EkuPgAC">Historical Dictionary of Terrorism</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield#Imprints" title="Rowman & Littlefield">Scarecrow Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780810863118" title="Special:BookSources/9780810863118"><bdi>9780810863118</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231129143454/https://books.google.com/books?id=aVcG7EkuPgAC">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Terrorism&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2009-08-03&rft.isbn=9780810863118&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Sean+K.&rft.au=Sloan%2C+Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaVcG7EkuPgAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArbena1999" class="citation book cs1">Arbena, Joseph (1999). Latin American sport: an annotated bibliography, 1988-1998. Bibliographies and indexes on sports history. Vol. 3. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-3132-9611-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-3132-9611-6"><bdi>978-0-3132-9611-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Latin+American+sport%3A+an+annotated+bibliography%2C+1988-1998&rft.place=Westport%2C+CT&rft.series=Bibliographies+and+indexes+on+sports+history&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-3132-9611-6&rft.aulast=Arbena&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">Arbena, Joseph. "In Search of the Latin American Female Athlete". In <a href="#CITEREFArbenaLaFrance2002">Arbena & LaFrance (2002)</a>, pp. 219–232.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArbenaLaFrance2002" class="citation book cs1">Arbena, Joseph; LaFrance, David Gerald, eds. (2002). Sport in Latin America and the Caribbean. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8420-2821-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8420-2821-9"><bdi>978-0-8420-2821-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sport+in+Latin+America+and+the+Caribbean&rft.place=Lanham%2C+MD&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8420-2821-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarnes1978" class="citation book cs1">Barnes, John (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/evitafirstlady00john">Evita, First Lady: A Biography of Eva Perón</a>. New York: Grove Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8021-3479-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8021-3479-0"><bdi>978-0-8021-3479-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Evita%2C+First+Lady%3A+A+Biography+of+Eva+Per%C3%B3n&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Grove+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-8021-3479-0&rft.aulast=Barnes&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fevitafirstlady00john&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBidart_Campos2005" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bidart Campos, Germán J. (2005). Manual de la Constitución Reformada (in Spanish). Vol. I. Buenos Aires: Ediar. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-950-574-121-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-950-574-121-2"><bdi>978-950-574-121-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manual+de+la+Constituci%C3%B3n+Reformada&rft.place=Buenos+Aires&rft.pub=Ediar&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-950-574-121-2&rft.aulast=Bidart+Campos&rft.aufirst=Germ%C3%A1n+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloom1994" class="citation book cs1">Bloom, Harold (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/westerncanonbook00bloo">The Western Canon:la The Books and School of the Ages</a>. New York: Harcourt Brace & Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57322-514-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57322-514-4"><bdi>978-1-57322-514-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Western+Canon%3Ala+The+Books+and+School+of+the+Ages&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harcourt+Brace+%26+Company&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-1-57322-514-4&rft.aulast=Bloom&rft.aufirst=Harold&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwesterncanonbook00bloo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoughton2012" class="citation book cs1">Boughton, James M. (2012). Tearing Down Walls. The International Monetary Fund 1990–1999. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61635-084-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61635-084-0"><bdi>978-1-61635-084-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tearing+Down+Walls.+The+International+Monetary+Fund+1990%E2%80%931999&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=International+Monetary+Fund&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-61635-084-0&rft.aulast=Boughton&rft.aufirst=James+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrow1992" class="citation book cs1">Crow, John A. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/epicoflatinameri00crow">The Epic of Latin America</a> (4th ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-07723-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-07723-2"><bdi>978-0-520-07723-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Epic+of+Latin+America&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-520-07723-2&rft.aulast=Crow&rft.aufirst=John+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fepicoflatinameri00crow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDíaz_Alejandro1970" class="citation book cs1">Díaz Alejandro, Carlos F. (1970). Essays on the Economic History of the Argentine Republic. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-01193-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-01193-7"><bdi>978-0-300-01193-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Essays+on+the+Economic+History+of+the+Argentine+Republic&rft.place=New+Haven%2C+CT&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=978-0-300-01193-7&rft.aulast=D%C3%ADaz+Alejandro&rft.aufirst=Carlos+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDougall2013" class="citation book cs1">Dougall, Angus (2013). The Greatest Racing Driver. Bloomington, IN: Balboa Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4525-1096-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4525-1096-5"><bdi>978-1-4525-1096-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Greatest+Racing+Driver&rft.place=Bloomington%2C+IN&rft.pub=Balboa+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4525-1096-5&rft.aulast=Dougall&rft.aufirst=Angus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdwards2008" class="citation book cs1">Edwards, Todd L. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/argentinaglobals0000edwa">Argentina: A Global Studies Handbook</a>. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-986-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-986-3"><bdi>978-1-85109-986-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Argentina%3A+A+Global+Studies+Handbook&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+CA&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-85109-986-3&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=Todd+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fargentinaglobals0000edwa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEpsteinPion-Berlin2006" class="citation book cs1">Epstein, Edward; Pion-Berlin, David (2006). "The Crisis of 2001 and Argentine Democracy". In Epstein, Edward; Pion-Berlin, David (eds.). Broken Promises?: The Argentine Crisis and Argentine Democracy. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books. pp. 3–26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-0928-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-0928-1"><bdi>978-0-7391-0928-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Crisis+of+2001+and+Argentine+Democracy&rft.btitle=Broken+Promises%3F%3A+The+Argentine+Crisis+and+Argentine+Democracy&rft.place=Lanham%2C+MD&rft.pages=3-26&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7391-0928-1&rft.aulast=Epstein&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft.au=Pion-Berlin%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFayt1985" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Fayt" title="Carlos Fayt">Fayt, Carlos S.</a> (1985). Derecho Político (in Spanish). Vol. I (6th ed.). Buenos Aires: Depalma. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-950-14-0276-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-950-14-0276-6"><bdi>978-950-14-0276-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Derecho+Pol%C3%ADtico&rft.place=Buenos+Aires&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Depalma&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-950-14-0276-6&rft.aulast=Fayt&rft.aufirst=Carlos+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFearnsFearns2005" class="citation book cs1">Fearns, Les; Fearns, Daisy (2005). Argentina. London: Evans Brothers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-237-52759-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-237-52759-4"><bdi>978-0-237-52759-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Argentina&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Evans+Brothers&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-237-52759-4&rft.aulast=Fearns&rft.aufirst=Les&rft.au=Fearns%2C+Daisy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFosterLockhartLockhart1998" class="citation book cs1">Foster, David W.; Lockhart, Melissa F.; Lockhart, Darrell B. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof00fost">Culture and Customs of Argentina</a>. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-30319-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-30319-7"><bdi>978-0-313-30319-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Culture+and+Customs+of+Argentina&rft.place=Westport%2C+CT&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-313-30319-7&rft.aulast=Foster&rft.aufirst=David+W.&rft.au=Lockhart%2C+Melissa+F.&rft.au=Lockhart%2C+Darrell+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fculturecustomsof00fost&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedman2007" class="citation book cs1">Friedman, Ian C. (2007). Latino Athletes. New York: Infobase Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-0784-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-0784-4"><bdi>978-1-4381-0784-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Latino+Athletes&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-4381-0784-4&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=Ian+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGalasso2011" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Norberto_Galasso" title="Norberto Galasso">Galasso, Norberto</a> (2011). Historia de la Argentina, vol. I&II (in Spanish). 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Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 3–13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-6568-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-6568-8"><bdi>978-0-8018-6568-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Culture%2C+Power%2C+and+Democracy&rft.btitle=Globalization%2C+Power%2C+and+Democracy&rft.place=Baltimore%2C+MD&rft.pages=3-13&rft.pub=The+Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-6568-8&rft.aulast=Huntington&rft.aufirst=Samuel+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing2000" class="citation book cs1">King, John (2000). Magical Reels: A History of Cinema in Latin America. Critical Studies in Latin American & Iberian Cultures. 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Dayton, OH: Lorenz Educational Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4291-2251-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4291-2251-1"><bdi>978-1-4291-2251-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Central+%26+South+America&rft.place=Dayton%2C+OH&rft.pub=Lorenz+Educational+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4291-2251-1&rft.aulast=Kopka&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLake2009" class="citation book cs1">Lake, David (2009). "Regional Hierarchies: Authority and Local International Order". In Fawn, Rick (ed.). Globalising the Regional, Regionalising the Global. Review of International Studies. Vol. 35. 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New York: Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4039-6254-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4039-6254-6"><bdi>978-1-4039-6254-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Argentina&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=Palgrave+Essential+Histories+Series&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-4039-6254-6&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Daniel+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofargenti00lewi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewisSimonsFennig2014" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, M. Paul; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D., eds. (2014). Ethnologue: Languages of the World (17th ed.). 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Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8078-4356-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8078-4356-7"><bdi>978-0-8078-4356-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Crisis+of+Argentine+Capitalism&rft.place=Chapel+Hill%2C+NC&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-8078-4356-7&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaldifassiAbetti1994" class="citation book cs1">Maldifassi, José O.; Abetti, Pier A. (1994). Defense industries in Latin American countries: Argentina, Brazil, and Chile. 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Guilford, CT: Bradt Travel Guides. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84162-138-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84162-138-8"><bdi>978-1-84162-138-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Argentina&rft.place=Guilford%2C+CT&rft.pub=Bradt+Travel+Guides&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-84162-138-8&rft.aulast=McCloskey&rft.aufirst=Erin&rft.au=Burford%2C+Tim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKinney1993" class="citation book cs1">McKinney, Kevin (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/everydaygeograph00mcki">Everyday geography</a>. 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University of Texas Press. pp. 82–89. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-292-70572-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-292-70572-7"><bdi>0-292-70572-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231129143447/https://books.google.com/books?id=fK1xia7EQjkC&pg=PA86#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2023. 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Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishes. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7923-0181-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7923-0181-3"><bdi>978-0-7923-0181-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Strait+of+Magellan&rft.place=Dordrecht&rft.series=International+Straits+of+the+World&rft.pub=Martinus+Nijhoff+Publishes&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-7923-0181-3&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMosk1990" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Mosk, Sanford A. (1990). "Latin America and the World Economy, 1850–1914". In Hanke, Lewis; Rausch, Jane M. 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(2012). Sports around the World: History, Culture, and Practice. Vol. 3. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-301-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-301-9"><bdi>978-1-59884-301-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sports+around+the+World%3A+History%2C+Culture%2C+and+Practice&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+CA&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-59884-301-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNierop2001" class="citation book cs1">Nierop, Tom (2001). "The Clash of Civilisations". In Dijkink, Gertjan; Knippenberg, Hans (eds.). The Territorial Factor. Amsterdam: Vossiuspers UvA – Amsterdam University Press. pp. 51–76. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-5629-188-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-5629-188-4"><bdi>978-90-5629-188-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Clash+of+Civilisations&rft.btitle=The+Territorial+Factor&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pages=51-76&rft.pub=Vossiuspers+UvA+%E2%80%93+Amsterdam+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-90-5629-188-4&rft.aulast=Nierop&rft.aufirst=Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Donnell1998" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">O'Donnell, Pacho (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/elaguilaguerrera00odon">El Aguila Guerrera: La Historia Argentina Que No Nos Contaron</a> (in Spanish) (3rd ed.). Editorial Sudamericana. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9500714617" title="Special:BookSources/978-9500714617"><bdi>978-9500714617</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=El+Aguila+Guerrera%3A+La+Historia+Argentina+Que+No+Nos+Contaron&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Editorial+Sudamericana&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-9500714617&rft.aulast=O%27Donnell&rft.aufirst=Pacho&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Felaguilaguerrera00odon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPapadopoulos2010" class="citation book cs1">Papadopoulos, Anestis (2010). The International Dimension of EU Competition Law and Policy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-19646-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-19646-8"><bdi>978-0-521-19646-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+International+Dimension+of+EU+Competition+Law+and+Policy&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-521-19646-8&rft.aulast=Papadopoulos&rft.aufirst=Anestis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRey_Balmaceda1995" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rey Balmaceda, Raúl (1995). Mi país, la Argentina (in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Arte Gráfico Editorial Argentino. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-599-3442-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-599-3442-8"><bdi>978-84-599-3442-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mi+pa%C3%ADs%2C+la+Argentina&rft.place=Buenos+Aires&rft.pub=Arte+Gr%C3%A1fico+Editorial+Argentino&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-84-599-3442-8&rft.aulast=Rey+Balmaceda&rft.aufirst=Ra%C3%BAl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRivas1989" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rivas, José Andrés (1989). Santiago en sus letras: antología criticotemática de las letras santiagueñas (in Spanish). Santiago del Estero, SE, Argentina: Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Santiago+en+sus+letras%3A+antolog%C3%ADa+criticotem%C3%A1tica+de+las+letras+santiague%C3%B1as&rft.place=Santiago+del+Estero%2C+SE%2C+Argentina&rft.pub=Universidad+Nacional+de+Santiago+del+Estero&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Rivas&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9+Andr%C3%A9s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobben2011" class="citation book cs1">Robben, Antonius C.G.M. (2011). Political Violence and Trauma in Argentina. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-0331-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-0331-8"><bdi>978-0-8122-0331-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Violence+and+Trauma+in+Argentina&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-8122-0331-8&rft.aulast=Robben&rft.aufirst=Antonius+C.G.M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRock1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Rock_(historian)" title="David Rock (historian)">Rock, David</a> (1987). Argentina, 1516–1987: From Spanish Colonization to the Falklands War. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-06178-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-06178-1"><bdi>978-0-520-06178-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Argentina%2C+1516%E2%80%931987%3A+From+Spanish+Colonization+to+the+Falklands+War&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+CA&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-520-06178-1&rft.aulast=Rock&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodríguez2009" class="citation book cs1">Rodríguez, Robert G. (2009). The Regulation of Boxing: A History and Comparative Analysis of Policies Among American States. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-5284-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-5284-2"><bdi>978-0-7864-5284-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Regulation+of+Boxing%3A+A+History+and+Comparative+Analysis+of+Policies+Among+American+States&rft.place=Jefferson%2C+NC&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-5284-2&rft.aulast=Rodr%C3%ADguez&rft.aufirst=Robert+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenblat1964" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/%C3%81ngel_Rosenblat" title="Ángel Rosenblat">Rosenblat, Ángel</a> (1964). El nombre de la Argentina (in Spanish). Buenos Aires: EUDEBA – Editorial Universitaria de Buenos Aires.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=El+nombre+de+la+Argentina&rft.place=Buenos+Aires&rft.pub=EUDEBA+%E2%80%93+Editorial+Universitaria+de+Buenos+Aires&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Rosenblat&rft.aufirst=%C3%81ngel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuiz-DanaGoldschagClaroBlanco2009" class="citation book cs1">Ruiz-Dana, Alejandra; Goldschag, Peter; Claro, Edmundo; Blanco, Hernán (2009). "Regional Integration, Trade and Conflicts in Latin America". In Khan, Shaheen Rafi (ed.). Regional Trade Integration and Conflict Resolution. New York: Routledge. pp. 15–44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-47673-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-47673-7"><bdi>978-0-415-47673-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Regional+Integration%2C+Trade+and+Conflicts+in+Latin+America&rft.btitle=Regional+Trade+Integration+and+Conflict+Resolution&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=15-44&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-415-47673-7&rft.aulast=Ruiz-Dana&rft.aufirst=Alejandra&rft.au=Goldschag%2C+Peter&rft.au=Claro%2C+Edmundo&rft.au=Blanco%2C+Hern%C3%A1n&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSánchez_Viamonte1948" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sánchez Viamonte, Carlos (1948). Historia Institucional Argentina (in Spanish) (2nd ed.). Mexico D. F.: Fondo de Cultura Económica.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historia+Institucional+Argentina&rft.place=Mexico+D.+F.&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Fondo+de+Cultura+Econ%C3%B3mica&rft.date=1948&rft.aulast=S%C3%A1nchez+Viamonte&rft.aufirst=Carlos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTraba1985" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Traba, Juan (1985). Origen de la palabra "¿¡Argentina!?" (in Spanish). Rosario, SF, Argentina: Escuela de Artes Gráficas del Colegio San José.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Origen+de+la+palabra+%22%C2%BF%C2%A1Argentina%21%3F%22&rft.place=Rosario%2C+SF%2C+Argentina&rft.pub=Escuela+de+Artes+Gr%C3%A1ficas+del+Colegio+San+Jos%C3%A9&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Traba&rft.aufirst=Juan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVanossi1964" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vanossi, Jorge R. (1964). Situación actual del federalismo: aspectos institucionales y económicos, en particular sobre la realidad argentina. Cuadernos de ciencia política de la Asociación Argentina de Ciencia Política (in Spanish). Vol. 2. Buenos Aires: Ediciones Depalma.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Situaci%C3%B3n+actual+del+federalismo%3A+aspectos+institucionales+y+econ%C3%B3micos%2C+en+particular+sobre+la+realidad+argentina&rft.place=Buenos+Aires&rft.series=Cuadernos+de+ciencia+pol%C3%ADtica+de+la+Asociaci%C3%B3n+Argentina+de+Ciencia+Pol%C3%ADtica&rft.pub=Ediciones+Depalma&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Vanossi&rft.aufirst=Jorge+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2016" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Jonathan (23 August 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NP7cCgAAQBAJ">Angels with Dirty Faces: How Argentinian Soccer Defined a Nation and Changed the Game Forever</a>. <a href="/wiki/PublicAffairs" title="PublicAffairs">PublicAffairs</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781568585529" title="Special:BookSources/9781568585529"><bdi>9781568585529</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230418040522/https://books.google.com/books?id=NP7cCgAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Angels+with+Dirty+Faces%3A+How+Argentinian+Soccer+Defined+a+Nation+and+Changed+the+Game+Forever&rft.pub=PublicAffairs&rft.date=2016-08-23&rft.isbn=9781568585529&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNP7cCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWood1988" class="citation book cs1">Wood, Bernard (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/middlepowersgene0000wood">The middle powers and the general interest</a>. Ottawa: North–South Institute. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-920494-81-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-920494-81-3"><bdi>978-0-920494-81-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+middle+powers+and+the+general+interest&rft.place=Ottawa&rft.pub=North%E2%80%93South+Institute&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-920494-81-3&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmiddlepowersgene0000wood&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoungCisneros2010" class="citation book cs1">Young, Richard; Cisneros, Odile (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000youn">Historical Dictionary of Latin American Literature and Theater</a>. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7498-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7498-5"><bdi>978-0-8108-7498-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Latin+American+Literature+and+Theater&rft.place=Lanham%2C+MD&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-7498-5&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Cisneros%2C+Odile&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoricaldictio0000youn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoung2005" class="citation book cs1">Young, Ronald (2005). "Argentina". In McColl, Robert W. (ed.). Encyclopedia of World Geography. Vol. I. New York: Golson Books. pp. 51–53. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-7229-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-7229-3"><bdi>978-0-8160-7229-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Argentina&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+World+Geography&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=51-53&rft.pub=Golson+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8160-7229-3&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCalvo1864" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Calvo, Carlos (1864). Anales históricos de la revolucion de la América latina, acompañados de los documentos en su apoyo. Desde el año 1808 hasta el reconocimiento de la independencia de ese extenso continente (in Spanish). Vol. 2. Paris: A. Durand.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anales+hist%C3%B3ricos+de+la+revolucion+de+la+Am%C3%A9rica+latina%2C+acompa%C3%B1ados+de+los+documentos+en+su+apoyo.+Desde+el+a%C3%B1o+1808+hasta+el+reconocimiento+de+la+independencia+de+ese+extenso+continente&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=A.+Durand&rft.date=1864&rft.aulast=Calvo&rft.aufirst=Carlos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrooker2009" class="citation book cs1">Crooker, Richard A. (2009). Argentina. New York: Infobase Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-0481-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-0481-2"><bdi>978-1-4381-0481-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Argentina&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4381-0481-2&rft.aulast=Crooker&rft.aufirst=Richard+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerro1991" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ferro, Carlos A. (1991). Historia de la Bandera Argentina (in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Ediciones Depalma. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-950-14-0610-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-950-14-0610-8"><bdi>978-950-14-0610-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historia+de+la+Bandera+Argentina&rft.place=Buenos+Aires&rft.pub=Ediciones+Depalma&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-950-14-0610-8&rft.aulast=Ferro&rft.aufirst=Carlos+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLamoureuxEdmundson1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Lamoureux, Andrew Jackson; <a href="/wiki/George_Edmundson" title="George Edmundson">Edmundson, George</a> (1911). <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Argentina">"Argentina" </a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). pp. 460–475.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Argentina&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=460-475&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Lamoureux&rft.aufirst=Andrew+Jackson&rft.au=Edmundson%2C+George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaddison1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Angus_Maddison" title="Angus Maddison">Maddison, Angus</a> (1995). Monitoring the World Economy 1820–1992. Paris: OECD Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-64-14549-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-64-14549-8"><bdi>978-92-64-14549-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Monitoring+the+World+Economy+1820%E2%80%931992&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=OECD+Publishing&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-92-64-14549-8&rft.aulast=Maddison&rft.aufirst=Angus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaddison2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Angus_Maddison" title="Angus Maddison">Maddison, Angus</a> (2001). The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective. OECD Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-64-18654-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-64-18654-5"><bdi>978-92-64-18654-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+Economy%3A+A+Millennial+Perspective&rft.pub=OECD+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-92-64-18654-5&rft.aulast=Maddison&rft.aufirst=Angus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMargheritis2010" class="citation book cs1">Margheritis, Ana (2010). Argentina's foreign policy: domestic politics and democracy promotion in the Americas. Boulder, CO: FirstForumPress. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-935049-19-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-935049-19-7"><bdi>978-1-935049-19-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Argentina%27s+foreign+policy%3A+domestic+politics+and+democracy+promotion+in+the+Americas&rft.place=Boulder%2C+CO&rft.pub=FirstForumPress&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-935049-19-7&rft.aulast=Margheritis&rft.aufirst=Ana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgentina" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div><section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px 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<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lanic.utexas.edu/la/argentina/">Argentina</a> at the Latin American Network Information Center</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080821135441/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/argentina.htm">Argentina</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Colorado_Boulder" title="University of Colorado Boulder">University Libraries – University of Colorado Boulder</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=AR">Key Development Forecasts for Argentina</a> at <a href="/wiki/International_Futures" title="International Futures">International Futures</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="256" 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Argentina&params=34_S_64_W_">34°S 64°W / 34°S 64°W / -34; -64</a>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argentina&oldid=1258844170">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argentina&oldid=1258844170</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Argentina&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 21 November 2024, at 23:11 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8D" title="Архентинэ – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Архентинэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8D" title="Аргентинэ – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Аргентинэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгабзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentini%C3%AB" title="Argentinië – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Argentinië" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentinien" title="Argentinien – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Argentinien" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%AD%E1%8C%80%E1%8A%95%E1%89%B2%E1%8A%93" title="አርጀንቲና – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አርጀንቲና" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentiina" title="Argentiina – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Argentiina" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="अर्जेंटीना – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="अर्जेंटीना" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Аргентина – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аргентина" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86" title="الأرجنتين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الأرجنتين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archentina" title="Archentina – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Archentina" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%AA%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A9%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Արժանթին – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Արժանթին" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arghentina" title="Arghentina – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Arghentina" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE" title="আৰ্জেণ্টিনা – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="আৰ্জেণ্টিনা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arxentina" title="Arxentina – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Arxentina" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="अर्जेन्टिना – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="अर्जेन्टिना" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arahent%C3%ADna" title="Arahentína – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Arahentína" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Аргентина – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Аргентина" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arxintina" title="Arxintina – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Arxintina" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" title="آرژانتین – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آرژانتین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arg%C3%A9ntina" title="Argéntina – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Argéntina" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE" title="আর্জেন্টিনা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আর্জেন্টিনা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Аргентина – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Аргентина" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Аргенціна – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Аргенціна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Аргентына – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Аргентына" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="अर्जेंटाइना – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="अर्जेंटाइना" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhentina" title="Arhentina – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Arhentina" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajentina" title="Ajentina – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Ajentina" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Аржентина – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Аржентина" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentinien" title="Argentinien – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Argentinien" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%87%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8A%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="ཨར་ཇེན་ཊི་ན། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཨར་ཇེན་ཊི་ན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc%27hantina" title="Arc'hantina – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Arc'hantina" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8D" title="Аргентинэ – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Аргентинэ" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Аргентина – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Аргентина" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="Chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chamoru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chi-Chewa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yr_Ariannin" title="Yr Ariannin – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Yr Ariannin" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86" title="لارجونتين – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لارجونتين" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentiinn%C3%A1" title="Argentiinná – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Argentiinná" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artschenti" title="Artschenti – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Artschenti" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentinien" title="Argentinien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Argentinien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%A7%DE%96%DE%AC%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%93%DE%A9%DE%82%DE%A7" title="އާޖެންޓީނާ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އާޖެންޓީނާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9%C3%A9sh_%C5%81igaii_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Béésh Łigaii Bikéyah – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Béésh Łigaii Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentinska" title="Argentinska – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Argentinska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="अर्जेन्टिना – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="अर्जेन्टिना" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%87%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8A%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93" title="ཨར་ཇེན་ཊི་ན – Dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ཨར་ཇེན་ཊི་ན" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="Dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target">ཇོང་ཁ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%AE" title="Αργεντινή – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αργεντινή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argint%C3%ACna" title="Argintìna – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Argintìna" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Аргентина – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Аргентина" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentino" title="Argentino – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Argentino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eʋegbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" title="آرژانتین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آرژانتین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentine" title="Argentine – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Argentine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentynje" title="Argentynje – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Argentynje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arjentiina" title="Arjentiina – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Arjentiina" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argjentine" title="Argjentine – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Argjentine" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Airgint%C3%ADn" title="An Airgintín – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Airgintín" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Argenteen" title="Yn Argenteen – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Argenteen" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Argantain" title="An Argantain – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="An Argantain" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arxentina" title="Arxentina – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Arxentina" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D3%80%D0%B5" title="АргӀантӀе – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="АргӀантӀе" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target">ГӀалгӀай</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%A0%B9%E5%BB%B7" title="阿根廷 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="阿根廷" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86" title="آرژانتين – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="آرژانتين" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%86%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9C%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BE" title="આર્જેન્ટીના – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="આર્જેન્ટીના" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B1%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B3" title="𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌱𐌿𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌱𐌿𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="आर्जेन्टिना – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="आर्जेन्टिना" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A5%B4%ED%97%A8%ED%8B%B0%EB%82%98" title="아르헨티나 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아르헨티나" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBAlekina" title="ʻAlekina – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻAlekina" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1" title="Արգենտինա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արգենտինա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="अर्जेण्टीना – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अर्जेण्टीना" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentinska" title="Argentinska – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Argentinska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arjentinia" title="Arjentinia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Arjentinia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhentina" title="Arhentina – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Arhentina" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE" title="আর্জেন্টিনা – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="আর্জেন্টিনা" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%C3%A6" title="Аргентинæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Аргентинæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajentina" title="Ajentina – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Ajentina" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-Arjentina" title="I-Arjentina – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="I-Arjentina" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argent%C3%ADna" title="Argentína – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Argentína" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94" title="ארגנטינה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ארגנטינה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arg%C3%A8ntina" title="Argèntina – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Argèntina" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arzantiini" title="Arzantiini – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Arzantiini" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A8" title="ಅರ್ಜೆಂಟೀನ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅರ್ಜೆಂಟೀನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Аргентина – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Аргентина" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="არგენტინა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="არგენტინა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Аргентина – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Аргентина" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arghantina" title="Arghantina – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Arghantina" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arijantine" title="Arijantine – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Arijantine" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentine" title="Argentine – Rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Argentine" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="Rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikirundi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Аргентина – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Аргентина" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhentina" title="Arhentina – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Arhentina" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajantin" title="Ajantin – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Ajantin" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larjantin" title="Larjantin – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Larjantin" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arjent%C3%AEn" title="Arjentîn – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Arjentîn" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Аргентина – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Аргентина" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Аргентина – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Аргентина" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arjentina" title="Arjentina – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Arjentina" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%99" title="ປະເທດອາກຊັງຕີນ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດອາກຊັງຕີນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arge%C5%86tina" title="Argeņtina – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Argeņtina" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latgaļu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argent%C4%ABna" title="Argentīna – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Argentīna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentinien" title="Argentinien – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Argentinien" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Аргентина – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Аргентина" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentinn-a" title="Argentinn-a – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Argentinn-a" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentini%C3%AB" title="Argentinië – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Argentinië" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arjentina" title="Arjentina – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Arjentina" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentiinu" title="Argentiinu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Argentiinu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/getygu%27e" title="getygu'e – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="getygu'e" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Luganda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argent%C3%ADna" title="Argentína – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Argentína" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Madhurâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="अर्जेन्टिना – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="अर्जेन्टिना" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Аргентина – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Аргентина" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arjentina" title="Arjentina – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Arjentina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A8" title="അർജന്റീന – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അർജന്റീന" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar%C4%A1entina" title="Arġentina – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Arġentina" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%80ketina" title="Āketina – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Āketina" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="आर्जेन्टिना – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आर्जेन्टिना" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="არგენტინა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="არგენტინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86" title="ارجنتين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ارجنتين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" title="آرجونتین – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="آرجونتین" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%96%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯑꯔꯖꯦꯟꯇꯤꯅꯥ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯑꯔꯖꯦꯟꯇꯤꯅꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Аргэнтина – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Аргэнтина" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Аргентин – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Аргентин" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="အာဂျင်တီးနားနိုင်ငံ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အာဂျင်တီးနားနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajenitina" title="Ajenitina – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Ajenitina" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentini%C3%AB" title="Argentinië – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Argentinië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentini%C3%AB" title="Argentinië – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Argentinië" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="अर्जेन्टिना – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अर्जेन्टिना" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="अर्जेन्तिना – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="अर्जेन्तिना" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%81%E3%83%B3" title="アルゼンチン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アルゼンチン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Аргентина – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Аргентина" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentiinien" title="Argentiinien – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Argentiinien" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aajentiina" title="Aajentiina – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Aajentiina" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentinne" title="Argentinne – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Argentinne" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Аргентина – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Аргентина" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BE" title="ଆର୍ଜେଣ୍ଟିନା – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଆର୍ଜେଣ୍ଟିନା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arjentiinaa" title="Arjentiinaa – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Arjentiinaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE" title="ਅਰਜਨਟੀਨਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਰਜਨਟੀਨਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="अर्जन्टीना – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="अर्जन्टीना" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentinien" title="Argentinien – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Argentinien" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pälzisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangasinan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangcah</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7" title="ارجنٹینا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ارجنٹینا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%AD%E1%80%89%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%AE" title="အာစိဉ်တီးနားခမ်းထီ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="အာစိဉ်တီးနားခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target">ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%BC%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ارجنټاین – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ارجنټاین" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aajentiina" title="Aajentiina – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Aajentiina" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93" title="អាហ្សង់ទីន – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អាហ្សង់ទីន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argintine" title="Argintine – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Argintine" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentin-a" title="Argentin-a – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Argentin-a" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajentina" title="Ajentina – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Ajentina" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentinien" title="Argentinien – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Argentinien" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentyna" title="Argentyna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Argentyna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Αργεντίνα – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Αργεντίνα" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ποντιακά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%80%99Atetina" title="’Atetina – Tahitian" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="’Atetina" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Reo tahiti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arxentina" title="Arxentina – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Arxentina" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Romani čhib</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentinia" title="Argentinia – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Argentinia" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhintina" title="Arhintina – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Arhintina" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D2%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Арґентина – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Арґентина" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Аргентина – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аргентина" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Аргентина – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Аргентина" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atenitina" title="Atenitina – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Atenitina" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="अर्जण्टिना – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="अर्जण्टिना" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱟᱨᱡᱮᱱᱴᱤᱱᱟ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱟᱨᱡᱮᱱᱴᱤᱱᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argenteinie" title="Argenteinie – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Argenteinie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seediq</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentinien" title="Argentinien – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Argentinien" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho sa Leboa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argjentina" title="Argjentina – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Argjentina" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argintina" title="Argintina – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Argintina" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ආජන්ටිනාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ආජන්ටිනාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%BD%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86" title="ارجنٽائن – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ارجنٽائن" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-Argentina" title="I-Argentina – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="I-Argentina" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target">SiSwati</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argent%C3%ADna" title="Argentína – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Argentína" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argyntyna" title="Argyntyna – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Argyntyna" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arjantiina" title="Arjantiina – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Arjantiina" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%B1%DA%98%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ئەرژەنتین – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەرژەنتین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentinikondre" title="Argentinikondre – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Argentinikondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sranantongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Аргентина – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Аргентина" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arg%C3%A9ntina" title="Argéntina – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Argéntina" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentiina" title="Argentiina – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Argentiina" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhentina" title="Arhentina – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Arhentina" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE" title="அர்கெந்தீனா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அர்கெந்தீனா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arjantin" title="Arjantin – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Arjantin" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taclḥit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarjentint" title="Tarjentint – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tarjentint" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argendine" title="Argendine – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Argendine" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Аргентина – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Аргентина" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A2%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BB%E1%82%85%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%81%BC%E1%82%83%E1%80%B8" title="မိူင်းဢႃႇၵျႅၼ်ႇတီးၼႃး – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းဢႃႇၵျႅၼ်ႇတီးၼႃး" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE" title="అర్జెంటీనా – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అర్జెంటీనా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arjentina" title="Arjentina – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Arjentina" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tetun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2" title="ประเทศอาร์เจนตินา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศอาร์เจนตินา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A3%E1%88%AD%E1%8C%80%E1%8A%95%E1%89%B2%E1%8A%93" title="ኣርጀንቲና – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ኣርጀንቲና" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target">ትግርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Аргентина – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Аргентина" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBAsenitina" title="ʻAsenitina – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="ʻAsenitina" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%A5%E1%8F%82%E1%8F%98%E1%8F%82%E1%8E%A0" title="ᎠᏥᏂᏘᏂᎠ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᏥᏂᏘᏂᎠ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arjantin" title="Arjantin – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Arjantin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agyentina" title="Agyentina – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Agyentina" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Аргентина – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Аргентина" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тыва дыл</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Аргентина – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Аргентина" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Аргентина – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Аргентина" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%B9%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86" title="ارجنٹائن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ارجنٹائن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%90%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%86%D8%A7" title="ئارگېنتىنا – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئارگېنتىنا" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahgwnhdingz" title="Ahgwnhdingz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Ahgwnhdingz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arzentina" title="Arzentina – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Arzentina" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentin" title="Argentin – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Argentin" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larg%C3%A4nt%C3%A4n" title="Largäntän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Largäntän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85rdjintene" title="Årdjintene – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Årdjintene" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%A0%B9%E5%BB%B7" title="阿根廷 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="阿根廷" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentini%C3%AB" title="Argentinië – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Argentinië" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsantin" title="Arsantin – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Arsantin" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%A0%B9%E5%BB%B7" title="阿根廷 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="阿根廷" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arjentina" title="Arjentina – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Arjentina" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Xitsonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A2" title="ארגענטינע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ארגענטינע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arg%E1%BA%B9nt%C3%ADn%C3%A0" title="Argẹntínà – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Argẹntínà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%A0%B9%E5%BB%B7" title="阿根廷 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="阿根廷" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcantin" title="Arcantin – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Arcantin" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhentini%C3%AB" title="Arhentinië – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Arhentinië" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argent%C4%97na" title="Argentėna – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Argentėna" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%A0%B9%E5%BB%B7" title="阿根廷 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿根廷" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Toba</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arh%C3%A8ntini" title="Arhèntini – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Arhèntini" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Mandailing</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jaku Iban</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Argentina" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentin%C9%99" title="Argentinə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Argentinə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%8A%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8F" title="ⴰⵔⵊⵓⵏⵜⵉⵏ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵔⵊⵓⵏⵜⵉⵏ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul 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<script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6df7948d6c-rzp8g","wgBackendResponseTime":314,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"4.460","walltime":"5.232","ppvisitednodes":{"value":40692,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":951809,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":134430,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":18,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":100,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":1191588,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 4322.418 1 -total"," 30.63% 1324.097 4 Template:Reflist"," 17.62% 761.420 1 Template:Infobox_country"," 14.83% 641.010 154 Template:Cite_web"," 12.88% 556.709 166 Template:Sfn"," 10.51% 454.369 78 Template:Cite_book"," 5.90% 255.090 30 Template:Efn"," 4.74% 204.903 24 Template:Efn-ua"," 3.62% 156.293 1 Template:Navboxes"," 3.54% 153.074 3 Template:ISO_3166_code"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"2.630","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":23386162,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAbad_de_Santillán1971\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAdlerGreve2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAeberhardBensonPhillips2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAkstinat2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlbanese2009\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFAlcalá_Kovalski2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAllison2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAndersonSloan2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFArbena1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFArbena2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFArbenaLaFrance2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFArgentina\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFArgüello,_Irma2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarnes1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarrionuevo2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarros1872\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBayer2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeckZimmermannMcVicarVergopolan2018\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFBendazzi1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBernado_A._DugganColin_M._Lewis2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBernstein2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBidart_Campos2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBloom1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBoltVan_Zanden2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBouchier2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBoughton2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBronsteinMisculin2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBuncombe2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBurke2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCalvo1864\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCannavan\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarrelli_Lynch\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFColantoniGurlekian2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFConstitution_of_Argentina\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCorachLaoBobilloVan_Der_Gaag2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCraughwell2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrooker2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrow1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCruz-CokeMoreno1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCruz1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDellaPergola2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDepartamento_de_Derecho_y_Ciencias_Políticas_de_la_Universidad_Nacional_de_La_Matanza2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDevereux2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDonadio2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDougall2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDíaz_Alejandro1970\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEdwards2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEpsteinPion-Berlin2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFastenberg2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFayt1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFearnsFearns2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFernandezBusso\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFerro1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFischer2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFForero2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFosterLockhartLockhart1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFriedman2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGalasso2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGordon_A._Bridger2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGranthamDuncanEvansJones2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHerald2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHuntington2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIñigo_Carrera1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKing2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKopka2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLake2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLamoureuxEdmundson1911\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeslie_E._Anderson2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevene1948\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevitskyMurillo2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLewis1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLewis2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLewisSimonsFennig2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLizcano_Fernández\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFLong2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLynch\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaddison1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaddison2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaeder1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaenzaAgostaBettolli2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMalamud2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaldifassiAbetti1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMallimaciEsquivelIrrazábal2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMargheritis2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartínez-Carter2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCloskeyBurford2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcDonnell2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcKinney1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMeislin1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMenuttiMenutti1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiller2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoore\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoore1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMora1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoreno2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorris1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMosk1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMumford2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNaurightParrish2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNee2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNierop2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Donnell1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPapadopoulos2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRabouin2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRamiro_A._Flores_Cruz\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRas2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReneau,_Leandro2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRey_Balmaceda1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRivas1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobben2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobinsonAcemoglu2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRock1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRock1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRodríguez2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRosenblat1964\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRuiz-DanaGoldschagClaroBlanco2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSolomon1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSteiger2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStewart2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSánchez,_Gonzalo2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSánchez_Viamonte1948\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTartaglione2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTraba1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFV-Dem_Institute2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVanossi1964\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilson2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWood1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWorld_Intellectual_Property_Organization2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYoung2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYoungCisneros2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFde_Onis1977\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 2,\n [\"Abbr\"] = 3,\n [\"Andean Community of Nations\"] = 1,\n [\"Argentina imagemap with province names\"] = 1,\n [\"Argentina topics\"] = 1,\n [\"As of\"] = 20,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Better source needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite Argentine law\"] = 10,\n [\"Cite EB1911\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 78,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 12,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 28,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 153,\n [\"Convert\"] = 29,\n [\"Coord\"] = 2,\n [\"Countries of South America\"] = 1,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 1,\n [\"Decrease\"] = 4,\n [\"Efn\"] = 6,\n [\"Efn-ua\"] = 24,\n [\"Founding member states of the United Nations\"] = 1,\n [\"G15 nations\"] = 1,\n [\"G20\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvc\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvid\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 1,\n [\"IPA\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 2,\n [\"In lang\"] = 1,\n [\"IncreaseNeutral\"] = 2,\n [\"Infobox country\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 2,\n [\"Langx\"] = 3,\n [\"Largest cities of Argentina\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 36,\n [\"Main article\"] = 1,\n [\"Mercosur/Mercosul (Southern Common Market)\"] = 1,\n [\"Native name\"] = 2,\n [\"Native phrase\"] = 2,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 1,\n [\"Nobold\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 2,\n [\"Notelist-ua\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 2,\n [\"Official website\"] = 1,\n [\"Organization of American States\"] = 1,\n [\"Osmrelation-inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Other uses\"] = 1,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-move\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 2,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 3,\n [\"Refend\"] = 3,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Rp\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 7,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 166,\n [\"Sfnm\"] = 19,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sister project links\"] = 1,\n [\"Smallsup\"] = 4,\n [\"Tree list\"] = 1,\n [\"Tree list/end\"] = 1,\n [\"USD\"] = 2,\n [\"Unbulleted list\"] = 3,\n [\"Union of South American Nations\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Vague\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 15,\n [\"Wide image\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikiatlas\"] = 1,\n [\"World Trade Organization\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","600","21.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","460","16.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","300","10.5"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","160","5.6"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","140","4.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","120","4.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::sub","100","3.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntityStatements","100","3.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","80","2.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::plain","80","2.8"],["[others]","720","25.2"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6df7948d6c-l7gp2","timestamp":"20241127143438","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script 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