CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134f9fe7d3d9c38',cH: 'P_Yctx4zwsXBxlEevZCy.4DRGDXVrxI5KdOUaCOyhCo-1739786910-1.2.1.1-mLEcOArne9C4yPJTyL5OxCUHj7pf8srkattsjJdTFIBmLdTaZQjXx7Bu4Hr2dAQ.',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=blended&__cf_chl_tk=amZZ9Wi2PGi7QryigJALQ9UQ4x27dxQcVRXkzzTF1LY-1739786910-1.0.1.1-KzlwQzm3CKWMjgcvaQYifCUONIxEFKqaTv2zd7ot2eU",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739786910',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=blended&__cf_chl_f_tk=amZZ9Wi2PGi7QryigJALQ9UQ4x27dxQcVRXkzzTF1LY-1739786910-1.0.1.1-KzlwQzm3CKWMjgcvaQYifCUONIxEFKqaTv2zd7ot2eU",md: "iUKhydiUTF425J_ZKICbr.7GBPNOCB_k6FPrfcWrw8A-1739786910-1.2.1.1-bBJN3vDtKOpDV.m3jTn74ehAaPaNpWUfIy9rFUALSKerfhltbPRo2ug9waUAhbzjjXE_wnE9Rzhkd8CMXzdOlgvO5nQJlH08DYlEBQS_e5a4Fspaocmo6TJaCXt9f.rGwT2sSFRoqx9BCd_H7wGsOXq8ASWtLg67ESMqKFwC0owP4oIUsUVwmranncGvscpPHDnsRCzX4QtNpL_vEGsFFCamEikUbhnGDFQIlQJysXLVJJ_p.R8Ufx.0rDjoOrnu4DrBcbQrlFPTK1koW4cN6nvilnAya7N5HSqUF6tWpfSzdLnMIppaPUFHfPy5kb9EPI_E1etLEkbto1jc4jAyDUtCpmAgOX5IHZ4E43Tpxjfkb86U6jdvj90UZC7FvR5lRjJ6UySVsLBh0VU06t5NLC9ahNeq6zG8UIH3g3HJXkSG7MqRaXk0tUx4hWQrsgA2sWGMoazycoWO3Stb2GRElG2Vxfk7UDpCh2N7qnVB4AndMr6ujfRrMQyqnU0a2vdOuAH0Tc0luuqfkuVUfRiweHeTiLl9dw7ow30.jb0E9vRt2gXga0dvsDhhRly3pIbHVgaQfRcXxDBoCzeLSuy207Fi88ACuEXJAQehG0QuiZhPcChn0fLkeyrOAr.hvBJ4q09slxBbPivOOaN.ztHtHMwVhPXQCA34DfPs.MMUuWKky4YzkZmT_R08Isk5EuhrDd6C20UCrDxV0eYUvgWqnFql2Y5282Vh70QlwDu_LkAkYiSugYedZdVaUTw..CRh2FTz6iE9USgYHn26M9RfoEAXuC_2N9cqmsTYxUd0ACoASw14Uok5x_qiHiLPyf25zxxVczZSWnQExLk3obBUCiD1IpuAqz.P4mb6vcm4dofuKSZdCnX7PjOHs8AAuHOCc2UztgSXAnvsFD56Kajjd84ZwuPsBtesuo7X1W0ttzLy3PbJxeqoZOtBWbq6yZpvA6M3YWJyqamkg507WTuu5S4SGYoDT9vy2xmIxMZ2VhZsqUxWPJJuOKKChUtWrPe7c8vp2EJ8ezQL7MDc2Ivk_LzpVjXIDyGUxM9D5F1mWFCbkkMmggprOpQoJDMOgec_HdSD1M4elZ9VZJ3IyhSyIttZd7uosJ03VxPnSZdG3U.A0QdqUjw6ilEgqdu1ZuF3XTh15RLxJL3xzI6BbfGj.3s3YOZTOSoKnH6lSECwkAGAyiBCO_e4V1wIXNjcWSY8OBY8Y2.qSalau4ARjBbuvkqPdO6rdNa15iK.NBkqzOn13rqjQ9EbV4iHpG2rLYq3WwxCX2NaIYGCtbuwGcZpaKZM9yOIQ5eIKTz_PnVXqGLLpE9uFq3UU6x5P7UagMd.4WqPozDrQTh89B5aw3LyFv9kyAN89N6L27u0cTrvu0J.DEeTE5DPn..Pp5REVGqCUpq_CSFQVZHoD7UjhSoU7s7fq6ZE.bwS.70H1rhkjnjReVKtPQAHNrtLM4R01KTbrzoH3VKX6dpYbpcWFGdXb7eD.9F2chSnflDScZsW.xLzKyWPyZqqrtpJEtAegeCP4rIcby5LMxHPGAcJ2RFDRlvqDokCiZ167Nr5KeyKrUyWWxsXqSkHAY3SxBcgcrnXLtUiqMjDg3aK27eVFPp76bX8CXbYN15gfkH9BaqmmRq3HZDtkMWmbq4wJEUFmia72HW1lgBhi1XPduUkMZabKdx2Bftz0fXq3qfh8N9NQbLfBwncJP8U6NzJfnMieNcxLfnQYxs2Oa7.7dsQTrsKHeMnOxkMvv1Tv53kkEKA2rcG_gS5a1sC0yjW_Km4JrVCgBkRE7UTqamm5EeTKzWn7Sa0a_v1WLR4eixYsR1FIkXriUaYyUdMLzHjM0aKvIQGW68AoapkcKk1eYoazs5qdYJbapwNwGaHRd3_60aSDKQRgfjsTAOMD10QqG6V9elT0ttOMBN.Q128ep.LSTRTlg",mdrd: "kDjG4EE.tQhL3k4PqR5ub4fau3S02bfYdu1KV832FWA-1739786910-1.2.1.1-15guOIwlAAu_9i71W.7YN4ZmTYdJ.y819Wc7o9AfuNk.FhMPH9JmtcJWQOUmHcpxhKVunqWjJUBmUqOX17o.TmEqSwMzLN6ModtV3moVs8w_MQ3vXFjekL.pAUlEOd0Vqxx9ScWqz6yAsUdy.I0xnVbObK.pWO0oP3seLEVjxbwi4QJ1GoSpY7jVq2zcJ7LYwKvrEs5cSAvytlPnrZQrkaQalE4u69n.2Bnnub0fhXNVkd4d3ygStxNE0ErP4OH81M.uWP8N1k0GwBqx.c.9M8v4g8KVH_p7gmVYFbTFz3Q3QcOK_o4HiBj7eEsk8T4Z_6cKpvx7nDY2aJjDGT8a2zcQZOG6q8wV8uAJC0VD8xMh0Jau4jEIFKs_a60uJ6fRuTOChjPMcb7IY3Ue.5NgXgwrBF.drSjkGOELMNRY9qjMTUuCceMhf6cDG4m8PQHfDecqNYloNktRKrSm6cbS2z1PhOiZ9wRQQkxJBDgjHNSOablJGtsIv2uOfPgxtlbkFt2AjFZSQbhuv1lWyZDob_4z2.i3wasD4xV1nsws4rYSvyPsM8qOnr_L_xryQ3.uWoXZ4uruBT1sES6DPzKQlf46lL3eXVUrbraAy1A_701r5nyNDOYpHXDZIgvO359eKkuvfYkFa30mAKvRoSdN3GAh9W2q286yGRCxJBlZmYHk3WkaQcwyDANnlWAGitmQwA_0adWQgjwtQ14_MEBx_oPGHfwIm8wCgcCYzf54KHe7oR4vd66ygaUd9ArDRsERkks6GL87RncKHCHUmIJtD.f81JZBHu.ByUdwuAg4RPIipvUDvhWb9UsiEZOyl3H0mTGp9tmb3v0prC8qnIoS7wpR4UUcDHfjxtbDuTr3RTVqALrssIZFO2MuHBdiuHJRb5LSpLNA28NdC0URhqSmvJib5cWYYJbBEn6zJBaNq3RSraIq1bXgyeuivgjhwVbXhWvscfDNpyBlZaT0J1m6nrQmMMOaCWSemFfTYY_3_k72ZL7m1QtaYz3roiKFbydPQTqTWnGc_uOMG7TYDY7GXatrAyvf1uJ7D4qlSUHE3cnnbaHOEHqSqhao3W__egqAwOE_GQ1f5EzY.C_rHd_pysO4Rnztkan4OBIDFyHgUQvcsNquIyqX8p3yuNlwfSkScr0BL8muSNbVjjMV7p_MqHkt7FSWEANlW9wyHU.Oip9KFA3Js2gf1XwUxlZgUdBgAOAKWEcUAVkjY1cidhUB.AnZN8Mq9TVJj6Xt7N5J1r488AKbBFZ1BiqV4K__EZkxZz7FVrS5cOyBVmFON_yztJI31GdczboPmuDxYh2MIYQzfIX7NMy3JBaUMOpCRfBfpoKR5Pyz1CldEc9qDcFdL6vu6a.zOXNksrKP7fcUcVP_P5mptGwC9VH4VA5P3Sbae2UyMYD.gyneWxTIdK7YFha.rQSPa0q8DIHIT22s2UyCKq.PaB2iNIlre4qtm114s6NSYBQXjvxJvyNEc_g7EzLf0q5juc1.GT3EX_WNTfWYloCz12cfjTW7aVd8QChhWADICGZ.sdqZJOPotEdaed_I_R_qbCw7DlY44TFvZHNuipInaXcJT7iOzqEFsH.xozWhW0S5HQtVCFDrm4uRAZJbmJHGrV3XuVag_TKwpjnsjxCqU5BvNG5z_OI88k3O4qDeSl6y_f8jckvlpvD1DJ054eqe830h1kEiMZ6Uyx2OpIeXt96P5qXtnTIiQPsV1HibIskO.xk7WXshvnKcC56BMUeOwd7exW9gJT17XSy0PUNB8hQmLYjV5ypNV0Kgk9gTI33237cBkArHgNX8n8HY1YiG_91.a6JEDjcwh3EK6HX.NHtpLUbIsBp_rQZ6dS9wseOBhlhRPonW4wGRvqdhKpA3qsESuE2IlKbvyKw_JOlmWZxurY5mYGWQlBrkpK4IH3Y1ezV7fT3jwHg.cpsja5IXnEY5TwVWXUecQsOmQ3nGBQOVq15hUyD6_qRKiE0ZuqyV9WMi02xrzUC8yQ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134f9fe7d3d9c38';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=blended&__cf_chl_rt_tk=amZZ9Wi2PGi7QryigJALQ9UQ4x27dxQcVRXkzzTF1LY-1739786910-1.0.1.1-KzlwQzm3CKWMjgcvaQYifCUONIxEFKqaTv2zd7ot2eU" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>