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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Raven</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hr%C3%A6fn" title="Hræfn – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Hræfn" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="غراب – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غراب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gavran" title="Gavran – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Gavran" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bran_(evn)" title="Bran (evn) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bran (evn)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="غراب – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="غراب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corbeau" title="Corbeau – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Corbeau" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%81%B0%EA%B9%8C%EB%A7%88%EA%B7%80%EB%A5%98" title="큰까마귀류 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="큰까마귀류" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaok" title="Gaok – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gaok" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%84%D9%B9%DB%81%D9%95_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%88" title="بۄٹہٕ کاو – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="بۄٹہٕ کاو" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%81%D8%A7%DA%91%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="پہاڑی کاں – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پہاڑی کاں" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korbi" title="Korbi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Korbi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Гавран – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Гавран" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gavran" title="Gavran – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gavran" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%90%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="ஐரோப்பிய காகம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஐரோப்பிய காகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99" title="นกเรเวน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นกเรเวน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%81%D8%A7%DA%91%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A7" title="پہاڑی کوا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پہاڑی کوا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Collection of birds with the same common name</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Raven_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Raven (disambiguation)">Raven (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:3782_Common_Raven_in_flight.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/3782_Common_Raven_in_flight.jpg/220px-3782_Common_Raven_in_flight.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/3782_Common_Raven_in_flight.jpg/330px-3782_Common_Raven_in_flight.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/3782_Common_Raven_in_flight.jpg/440px-3782_Common_Raven_in_flight.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2157" data-file-height="1434" /></a><figcaption>Common raven of North America (<i>Corvus corax principalis</i>) in flight</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>raven</b> is any of several larger-bodied <a href="/wiki/Passerine" title="Passerine">passerine</a> <a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">bird</a> species in the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Corvus" title="Corvus">Corvus</a></i>. These species do not form a single <a href="/wiki/Taxon" title="Taxon">taxonomic group</a> within the genus. There is no consistent distinction between <a href="/wiki/Crow" title="Crow">crows</a> and ravens; the two names are assigned to different species chiefly based on their size. </p><p>The largest raven species are the <a href="/wiki/Common_raven" title="Common raven">common raven</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Thick-billed_raven" title="Thick-billed raven">thick-billed raven</a>; these are also the largest passerine species. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raven&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <i>raven</i> originally referred to the <a href="/wiki/Common_raven" title="Common raven">common raven</a> (<i>Corvus corax</i>), the <a href="/wiki/Type_species" title="Type species">type species</a> of the genus <i>Corvus</i>, which has a larger distribution than any other species of <i>Corvus</i>, ranging over much of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Hemisphere" title="Northern Hemisphere">Northern Hemisphere</a>. </p><p>The modern English word <i>raven</i> has cognates in all other <a href="/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Germanic languages</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a> (and subsequently <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_language" title="Icelandic language">modern Icelandic</a>) <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">hrafn</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Old_High_German" title="Old High German">Old High German</a> <span title="Old High German (ca. 750-1050)-language text"><i lang="goh">(h)Raban</i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> all of which descend from <a href="/wiki/Proto-Germanic" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Germanic">Proto-Germanic</a> <span title="Proto-Germanic-language text">*<i lang="gem">hrabanaz</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One <a href="/wiki/Collective_noun" title="Collective noun">collective noun</a> for a group of ravens is "unkindness";<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in practice, most people use the more generic "flock".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Extant_species">Extant species</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raven&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Extant species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Corvus_species" title="List of Corvus species">List of Corvus species</a></div> <ul><li><i>Corvus albicollis</i> – <a href="/wiki/White-necked_raven" title="White-necked raven">White-necked raven</a> (eastern and southern Africa)</li> <li><i>Corvus corax</i> – <a href="/wiki/Common_raven" title="Common raven">Common raven</a> (Northern Hemisphere)</li> <li><i>Corvus coronoides</i> – <a href="/wiki/Australian_raven" title="Australian raven">Australian raven</a> (Australia)</li> <li><i>Corvus crassirostris</i> – <a href="/wiki/Thick-billed_raven" title="Thick-billed raven">Thick-billed raven</a> (Horn of Africa)</li> <li><i>Corvus cryptoleucus</i> – <a href="/wiki/Chihuahuan_raven" title="Chihuahuan raven">Chihuahuan raven</a> (United States and Mexico)</li> <li><i>Corvus mellori</i> – <a href="/wiki/Little_raven" title="Little raven">Little raven</a> (southeastern Australia)</li> <li><i>Corvus rhipidurus</i> – <a href="/wiki/Fan-tailed_raven" title="Fan-tailed raven">Fan-tailed raven</a> (eastern Africa and Arabian peninsula)</li> <li><i>Corvus ruficollis</i> – <a href="/wiki/Brown-necked_raven" title="Brown-necked raven">Brown-necked raven</a> (northern Africa, Arabian peninsula, greater Middle East)</li> <li><i>Corvus tasmanicus</i> – <a href="/wiki/Forest_raven" title="Forest raven">Forest raven</a> (Tasmania, southern Victoria and north-east New South Wales in Australia)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Extinct_species_and_morphs">Extinct species and morphs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raven&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Extinct species and morphs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>†<i>Corvus moriorum</i> – <a href="/wiki/Chatham_raven" class="mw-redirect" title="Chatham raven">Chatham raven</a></li> <li>†<i>Corvus antipodum</i> – <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_raven" title="New Zealand raven">New Zealand raven</a></li> <li>†<i>Corvus corax varius</i> morpha <i>leucophaeus</i> – <a href="/wiki/Pied_raven" title="Pied raven">Pied raven</a> (extinct morph of common raven)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raven&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Towerrabe.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Common raven"><img alt="Common raven" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Towerrabe.png/175px-Towerrabe.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Towerrabe.png/262px-Towerrabe.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Towerrabe.png/349px-Towerrabe.png 2x" data-file-width="2738" data-file-height="3134" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Common_raven" title="Common raven">Common raven</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Corvus_cryptoleucus_Arizona_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chihuahuan raven"><img alt="Chihuahuan raven" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Corvus_cryptoleucus_Arizona_2.jpg/200px-Corvus_cryptoleucus_Arizona_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Corvus_cryptoleucus_Arizona_2.jpg/300px-Corvus_cryptoleucus_Arizona_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Corvus_cryptoleucus_Arizona_2.jpg/400px-Corvus_cryptoleucus_Arizona_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Chihuahuan_raven" title="Chihuahuan raven">Chihuahuan raven</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fan-tailed_raven.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fan-tailed raven"><img alt="Fan-tailed raven" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Fan-tailed_raven.jpg/200px-Fan-tailed_raven.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Fan-tailed_raven.jpg/300px-Fan-tailed_raven.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Fan-tailed_raven.jpg/400px-Fan-tailed_raven.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="511" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Fan-tailed_raven" title="Fan-tailed raven">Fan-tailed raven</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Australian_Raven_Sydney_University.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Australian raven"><img alt="Australian raven" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Australian_Raven_Sydney_University.jpg/200px-Australian_Raven_Sydney_University.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Australian_Raven_Sydney_University.jpg/300px-Australian_Raven_Sydney_University.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Australian_Raven_Sydney_University.jpg/400px-Australian_Raven_Sydney_University.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2300" data-file-height="2176" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Australian_raven" title="Australian raven">Australian raven</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ravaged_Raven_in_Flight.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A raven with a damaged wing. It can still fly with ease."><img alt="A raven with a damaged wing. It can still fly with ease." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Ravaged_Raven_in_Flight.jpg/200px-Ravaged_Raven_in_Flight.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Ravaged_Raven_in_Flight.jpg/300px-Ravaged_Raven_in_Flight.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Ravaged_Raven_in_Flight.jpg/400px-Ravaged_Raven_in_Flight.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1501" data-file-height="1028" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A raven with a damaged wing. It can still fly with ease.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2009-white-necked-raven.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="White-necked raven"><img alt="White-necked raven" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/2009-white-necked-raven.jpg/200px-2009-white-necked-raven.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/2009-white-necked-raven.jpg/300px-2009-white-necked-raven.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/2009-white-necked-raven.jpg/400px-2009-white-necked-raven.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1369" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/White-necked_raven" title="White-necked raven">White-necked raven</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_don_macauley_-_Corvus_crassirostris_Cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Thick-billed raven"><img alt="Thick-billed raven" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flickr_-_don_macauley_-_Corvus_crassirostris_Cropped.jpg/162px-Flickr_-_don_macauley_-_Corvus_crassirostris_Cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="162" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flickr_-_don_macauley_-_Corvus_crassirostris_Cropped.jpg/243px-Flickr_-_don_macauley_-_Corvus_crassirostris_Cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flickr_-_don_macauley_-_Corvus_crassirostris_Cropped.jpg/324px-Flickr_-_don_macauley_-_Corvus_crassirostris_Cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2388" data-file-height="2946" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Thick-billed_raven" title="Thick-billed raven">Thick-billed raven</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raven&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_ravens" title="Cultural depictions of ravens">Cultural depictions of ravens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravens_of_the_Tower_of_London" title="Ravens of the Tower of London">Ravens of the Tower of London</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raven&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Oxford English Dictionary</i> entry for "raven".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSimpson,_J.Weiner,_E.1989" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Simpson, J.; Weiner, E., eds. (1989). "Raven". <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> (2nd ed.). Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Clarendon_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarendon Press">Clarendon Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-861186-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-861186-2"><bdi>0-19-861186-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Raven&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.place=Oxford&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-19-861186-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaven" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=raven">"Raven"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary" title="Online Etymology Dictionary">Online Etymology Dictionary</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Raven&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fterm%3Draven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaven" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLipton1991" class="citation book cs1">Lipton, James (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AVNazQEACAAJ"><i>An Exaltation of Larks</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Viking_Press" title="Viking Press">Viking Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-670-30044-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-670-30044-0"><bdi>978-0-670-30044-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Exaltation+of+Larks&rft.pub=Viking+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-670-30044-0&rft.aulast=Lipton&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAVNazQEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaven" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=flock+of+ravens,unkindness+of+ravens,treachery+of+ravens,conspiracy+of+ravens&year_start=1900&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2Cflock%20of%20ravens%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cunkindness%20of%20ravens%3B%2Cc0t1;,flock%20of%20ravens;,c0;.t1;,unkindness%20of%20ravens;,c0">"flock of ravens, unkindness of ravens, treachery of ravens, conspiracy of ravens"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Google_Books_Ngram_Viewer" title="Google Books Ngram Viewer">Google Books Ngram Viewer</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Google+Books+Ngram+Viewer&rft.atitle=flock+of+ravens%2C+unkindness+of+ravens%2C+treachery+of+ravens%2C+conspiracy+of+ravens&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fngrams%2Fgraph%3Fcontent%3Dflock%2Bof%2Bravens%2Cunkindness%2Bof%2Bravens%2Ctreachery%2Bof%2Bravens%2Cconspiracy%2Bof%2Bravens%26year_start%3D1900%26year_end%3D2008%26corpus%3D15%26smoothing%3D3%26share%3D%26direct_url%3Dt1%253B%252Cflock%2520of%2520ravens%253B%252Cc0%253B.t1%253B%252Cunkindness%2520of%2520ravens%253B%252Cc0t1%3B%2Cflock%2520of%2520ravens%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cunkindness%2520of%2520ravens%3B%2Cc0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaven" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raven&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output 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Encyclopædia Britannica/Raven">Raven</a></span>".</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ibc.lynxeds.com/family/crows-corvidae">Raven videos</a> on the Internet Bird Collection</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101229105854/http://enature.com/fieldguides/view_default.asp?allSpecies=y&searchText=raven">North American ravens</a> on eNature</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1097304697">.mw-parser-output .dmbox{display:flex;align-items:center;clear:both;margin:0.9em 1em;border-top:1px solid #ccc;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;padding:0.25em 0.35em;font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .dmbox>*{flex-shrink:0;margin:0 0.25em}.mw-parser-output .dmbox-body{flex-grow:1;flex-shrink:1;padding:0.1em 0}.mw-parser-output .dmbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}</style> <div role="note" id="setindexbox" class="metadata plainlinks dmbox dmbox-setindex"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DAB_list_gray.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Disambiguation icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/DAB_list_gray.svg/30px-DAB_list_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/DAB_list_gray.svg/45px-DAB_list_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/DAB_list_gray.svg/60px-DAB_list_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span><div class="dmbox-body"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Index of animals with the same common name</div>This page is an index of articles on animal species (or higher taxonomic groups) with the same <a href="/wiki/Common_name" title="Common name">common name</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vernacular" title="Vernacular">vernacular</a> name). 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