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microbiome</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: urinary microbiome"> <meta name="keywords" content="urinary microbiome"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="urinary microbiome"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 340</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: urinary microbiome</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">250</span> Occupational Exposure and Contamination to Antineoplastic Drugs of Healthcare Professionals in Mauritania</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antoine%20Villa">Antoine Villa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moustapha%20Mohamedou"> Moustapha Mohamedou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Florence%20Pilliere"> Florence Pilliere</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Catherine%20Verdun-Esquer"> Catherine Verdun-Esquer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mathieu%20Molimard"> Mathieu Molimard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Sidatt%20Cheikh%20El%20Moustaph"> Mohamed Sidatt Cheikh El Moustaph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mireille%20Canal-Raffin"> Mireille Canal-Raffin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Context: In Mauritania, the activity of the National Center of Oncology (NCO) has steadily risen leading to an increase in the handling of antineoplastic drugs (AD) by healthcare professionals. In this context, the AD contamination of those professionals is a major concern for occupational physicians. It has been evaluated using biological monitoring of occupational exposure (BMOE). Methods: The intervention took place in 2015, in 2 care units, and evaluated nurses preparing and/or infusing AD and agents in charge of hygiene. Participants provided a single urine sample, at the end of the week, at the end of their shift. Five molecules were sought using specific high sensitivity methods (UHPLC-MS/MS) with very low limits of quantification (LOQ) (cyclophosphamide (CP), Ifosfamide (IF), methotrexate (MTX): 2.5ng/L; doxorubicin (Doxo): 10ng/L; α-fluoro-β-alanine (FBAL, 5-FU metabolite): 20ng/L). A healthcare worker was considered as 'contaminated' when an AD was detected at a urine concentration equal to or greater than the LOQ of the analytical method or at trace concentration. Results: Twelve persons participated (6 nurses, 6 agents in charge of hygiene). Twelve urine samples were collected and analyzed. The percentage of contamination was 66.6% for all participants (n=8/12), 100% for nurses (6/6) and 33% for agents in charge of hygiene (2/6). In 62.5% (n=5/8) of the contaminated workers, two to four of the AD were detected in the urine. CP was found in the urine of all contaminated workers. FBAL was found in four, MTX in three and Doxo in one. Only IF was not detected. Urinary concentrations (all drugs combined) ranged from 3 to 844 ng/L for nurses and from 3 to 44 ng/L for agents in charge of hygiene. The median urinary concentrations were 87 ng/L, 15.1 ng/L and 4.4 ng/L for FBAL, CP and MTX, respectively. The Doxo urinary concentration was found 218ng/L. Discussion: There is no current biological exposure index for the interpretation of AD contamination. The contamination of these healthcare professionals is therefore established by the detection of one or more AD in urine. These urinary contaminations are higher than the LOQ of the analytical methods, which must be as low as possible. Given the danger of AD, the implementation of corrective measures is essential for the staff. Biological monitoring of occupational exposure is the most reliable process to identify groups at risk, tracing insufficiently controlled exposures and as an alarm signal. These results show the necessity to educate professionals about the risks of handling AD and/or to care for treated patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antineoplastic%20drugs" title="antineoplastic drugs">antineoplastic drugs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mauritania" title=" Mauritania"> Mauritania</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20monitoring%20of%20occupational%20exposure" title=" biological monitoring of occupational exposure"> biological monitoring of occupational exposure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contamination" title=" contamination"> contamination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95465/occupational-exposure-and-contamination-to-antineoplastic-drugs-of-healthcare-professionals-in-mauritania" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95465.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">316</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">249</span> Changes in Skin Microbiome Diversity According to the Age of Xian Women</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanbyul%20Kim">Hanbyul Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hye-Jin%20Kin"> Hye-Jin Kin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taehun%20Park"> Taehun Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Woo%20Jun%20Sul"> Woo Jun Sul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Susun%20An"> Susun An</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Skin is the largest organ of the human body and can provide the diverse habitat for various microorganisms. The ecology of the skin surface selects distinctive sets of microorganisms and is influenced by both endogenous intrinsic factors and exogenous environmental factors. The diversity of the bacterial community in the skin also depends on multiple host factors: gender, age, health status, location. Among them, age-related changes in skin structure and function are attributable to combinations of endogenous intrinsic factors and exogenous environmental factors. Skin aging is characterized by a decrease in sweat, sebum and the immune functions thus resulting in significant alterations in skin surface physiology including pH, lipid composition, and sebum secretion. The present study gives a comprehensive clue on the variation of skin microbiota and the correlations between ages by analyzing and comparing the metagenome of skin microbiome using Next Generation Sequencing method. Skin bacterial diversity and composition were characterized and compared between two different age groups: younger (20 – 30y) and older (60 - 70y) Xian, Chinese women. A total of 73 healthy women meet two conditions: (I) living in Xian, China; (II) maintaining healthy skin status during the period of this study. Based on Ribosomal Database Project (RDP) database, skin samples of 73 participants were enclosed with ten most abundant genera: Chryseobacterium, Propionibacterium, Enhydrobacter, Staphylococcus and so on. Although these genera are the most predominant genus overall, each genus showed different proportion in each group. The most dominant genus, Chryseobacterium was more present relatively in Young group than in an old group. Similarly, Propionibacterium and Enhydrobacter occupied a higher proportion of skin bacterial composition of the young group. Staphylococcus, in contrast, inhabited more in the old group. The beta diversity that represents the ratio between regional and local species diversity showed significantly different between two age groups. Likewise, The Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) values representing each phylogenetic distance in the two-dimensional framework using the OTU (Operational taxonomic unit) values of the samples also showed differences between the two groups. Thus, our data suggested that the composition and diversification of skin microbiomes in adult women were largely affected by chronological and physiological skin aging. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=next%20generation%20sequencing" title="next generation sequencing">next generation sequencing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=age" title=" age"> age</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xian" title=" Xian"> Xian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20microbiome" title=" skin microbiome"> skin microbiome</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98314/changes-in-skin-microbiome-diversity-according-to-the-age-of-xian-women" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98314.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">248</span> Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Surgeries: Current Use in Pediatric Urology Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rimel%20Mwamba">Rimel Mwamba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohan%20Gundeti"> Mohan Gundeti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: The use of robot-assisted laparoscopic surgeries (RALS) has largely increased in recent years, offering faster and safer treatment options for pediatric patients. In the field of urology, RALS has shown a significant advantage over laparoscopic and open surgeries but continues to be controversial in pediatric cases due to limited comprehensive data on its use. Methods: In this review, we aim to summarize the factors associated with RALS use in pediatric cases involving pyeloplasty, ureteral reimplantation, heminephrectomy, and lower urinary tract reconstruction. We used PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews to systematically search for literature on the topic. We then critically assessed and compiled data on RALS outcomes, complications, and associated factors. Results: To date, numerous comparative studies have been conducted on pediatric RALS, with only one randomized control trial investigating the nuances of robotic use against standard of care treatments. These robotic approaches have shown promise in post-surgical outcomes for pediatric patients undergoing upper and lower urinary tract reconstruction. Barriers to use still persist, however, showcasing a need to increase access to the technology, refine instruments for pediatric use, address cost barriers, and provide proper training for surgeons. Conclusion: RALS providesan opportunity to improve pediatric patient outcomes for numerous urologic complications. Additional studies are required to better compare the use of RALS with current standard practices. Due to the difficult nature of conducting randomized control trials, additional prospective observational studies are needed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pediatric%20urology" title="pediatric urology">pediatric urology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robot-assisted%20laparoscopic%20surgeries%20%28RALS%29" title=" robot-assisted laparoscopic surgeries (RALS)"> robot-assisted laparoscopic surgeries (RALS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyeloplasty" title=" pyeloplasty"> pyeloplasty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ureteral%20reimplantation" title=" ureteral reimplantation"> ureteral reimplantation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heminephrectomy" title=" heminephrectomy"> heminephrectomy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=and%20lower%20urinary%20tract%20reconstruction" title=" and lower urinary tract reconstruction"> and lower urinary tract reconstruction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154385/robot-assisted-laparoscopic-surgeries-current-use-in-pediatric-urology-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154385.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">98</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">247</span> Serum Concentration of the CCL7 Chemokine in Diabetic Pregnant Women during Pregnancy until the Postpartum Period</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fernanda%20Piculo">Fernanda Piculo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Giovana%20Vesentini"> Giovana Vesentini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gabriela%20Marini"> Gabriela Marini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Debora%20Cristina%20Damasceno"> Debora Cristina Damasceno</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angelica%20Mercia%20Pascon%20Barbosa"> Angelica Mercia Pascon Barbosa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marilza%20Vieira%20Cunha%20Rudge"> Marilza Vieira Cunha Rudge</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) were significantly more likely to have urinary incontinence (UI) and pelvic floor muscle dysfunction compared to non-diabetic women two years after a cesarean section. Additional results demonstrated that induced diabetes causes detrimental effects on pregnant rat urethral muscle. These results indicate the need for exploration of the mechanistic role of a recovery factor in female UI. Chemokine ligand 7 (CCL7) was significantly over expressed in rat serum, urethral and vaginal tissues immediately following induction of stress UI in a rat model simulating birth trauma. CCL7 over expression has shown potency for stimulating targeted stem cell migration and provide a translational link (clinical measurement) which further provide opportunities for treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the CCL7 levels profile in diabetic pregnant women with urinary incontinence during pregnancy over the first year postpartum. Methods: This study was conducted in the Perinatal Diabetes Research Center of the Botucatu Medical School/UNESP, and was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Institution (CAAE: 20639813.0.0000.5411). The diagnosis of GDM was established between 24th and 28th gestational weeks, by the 75 g-OGTT test according to ADA’s criteria. Urinary incontinence was defined according to the International Continence Society and the CCL7 levels was measured by ELISA (R&D Systems, Catalog Number DCC700). Two hundred twelve women were classified into four study groups: normoglycemic continent (NC), normoglycemic incontinent (NI), diabetic continent (DC) and diabetic incontinent (DI). They were evaluated at six-time-points: 12-18, 24-28 and 34-38 gestational weeks, 24-48 hours, 6 weeks and 6-12 months postpartum. Results: At 12-18 weeks, it was possible to consider only two groups, continent and incontinent, because at this early gestational period has not yet been the diagnosis of GDM. The group with GDM and UI (DI group) showed lower levels of CCL7 in all time points during pregnancy and postpartum, compared to normoglycemic groups (NC and NI), indicating that these women have not recovered from child birth induced UI during the 6-12 months postpartum compared to their controls, and that the progression of UI and/or lack of recovery throughout the first postpartum year can be related with lower levels of CCL7. Instead, serum CCL7 was significantly increased in the NC group. Taken together, these findings of overexpression of CCL7 in the NC group and decreased levels in the DI group, could confirm that diabetes delays the recovery from child birth induced UI, and that CCL7 could potentially be used as a serum marker of injury. Conclusion: This study demonstrates lower levels of CCL7 in the DI group during pregnancy and postpartum and suggests that the progression of UI in diabetic women and/or lack of recovery throughout the first postpartum year can be related with low levels of CCL7. This provides a translational potential where CCL7 measurement could be used as a surrogate for injury after delivery. Successful controlled CCL7 mediated stem cell homing to the lower urinary tract could one day introduce the potential for non-operative treatment or prevention of stress urinary incontinence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CCL7" title="CCL7">CCL7</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gestational%20diabetes" title=" gestational diabetes"> gestational diabetes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pregnancy" title=" pregnancy"> pregnancy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urinary%20incontinence" title=" urinary incontinence"> urinary incontinence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64403/serum-concentration-of-the-ccl7-chemokine-in-diabetic-pregnant-women-during-pregnancy-until-the-postpartum-period" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64403.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">246</span> Soil and the Gut Microbiome: Supporting the 'Hygiene Hypothesis'</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chris%20George">Chris George</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adam%20Hamlin"> Adam Hamlin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lily%20Pereg"> Lily Pereg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Charlesworth"> Richard Charlesworth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gal%20Winter"> Gal Winter</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: According to the ‘hygiene hypothesis’ the current rise in allergies and autoimmune diseases stems mainly from reduced microbial exposure due, amongst other factors, to urbanisation and distance from soil. However, this hypothesis is based on epidemiological and not biological data. Useful insights into the underlying mechanisms of this hypothesis can be gained by studying our interaction with soil. Soil microbiota may be directly ingested or inhaled by humans, enter the body through skin-soil contact or using plants as vectors. This study aims to examine the ability of soil microbiota to colonise the gut, study the interaction of soil microbes with the immune system and their potential protective activity. Method: The nutrition of the rats was supplemented daily with fresh or autoclaved soil for 21 days followed by 14 days of no supplementations. Faecal samples were collected throughout and analysed using 16S sequencing. At the end of the experiment rats were sacrificed and tissues and digesta were collected. Results/Conclusion: Results showed significantly higher richness and diversity following soil supplementation even after recovery. Specific soil microbial groups identified as able to colonise the gut. Of particular interest was the mucosal layer which emerged as a receptive host for soil microorganisms. Histological examination revealed innate and adaptive immune activation. Findings of this study reinforce the ‘hygiene hypothesis’ by demonstrating the ability of soil microbes to colonise the gut and activate the immune system. This paves the way for further studies aimed to examine the interaction of soil microorganisms with the immune system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gut%20microbiota" title="gut microbiota">gut microbiota</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hygiene%20hypothesis" title=" hygiene hypothesis"> hygiene hypothesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbiome" title=" microbiome"> microbiome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil" title=" soil"> soil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90507/soil-and-the-gut-microbiome-supporting-the-hygiene-hypothesis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90507.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">256</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">245</span> Arsenic Contamination in Drinking Water Is Associated with Dyslipidemia in Pregnancy </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Begum%20Rokeya">Begum Rokeya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahelee%20Zinnat"> Rahelee Zinnat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatema%20Jebunnesa"> Fatema Jebunnesa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Israt%20Ara%20Hossain"> Israt Ara Hossain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Rahman"> A. Rahman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background and Aims: Arsenic in drinking water is a global environmental health problem, and the exposure may increase dyslipidemia and cerebrovascular diseases mortalities, most likely through causing atherosclerosis. However, the mechanism of lipid metabolism, atherosclerosis formation, arsenic exposure and impact in pregnancy is still unclear. Recent epidemiological evidences indicate close association between inorganic arsenic exposure via drinking water and Dyslipidemia. However, the exact mechanism of this arsenic-mediated increase in atherosclerosis risk factors remains enigmatic. We explore the association of the effect of arsenic on serum lipid profile in pregnant subjects. Methods: A total 200 pregnant mother screened in this study from arsenic exposed area. Our study group included 100 exposed subjects were cases and 100 Non exposed healthy pregnant were controls requited by a cross-sectional study. Clinical and anthropometric measurements were done by standard techniques. Lipidemic status was assessed by enzymatic endpoint method. Urinary As was measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and adjusted with specific gravity and Arsenic exposure was assessed by the level of urinary arsenic level > 100 μg/L was categorized as arsenic exposed and < 100 μg/L were categorized as non-exposed. Multivariate logistic regression and Student’s t - test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Systolic and diastolic blood pressure both were significantly higher in the Arsenic exposed pregnant subjects compared to the Non-exposed group (p<0.001). Arsenic exposed subjects had 2 times higher chance of developing hypertensive pregnancy (Odds Ratio 2.2). In parallel to the findings in Ar exposed subjects showed significantly higher proportion of triglyceride and total cholesterol and low density of lipo protein when compare to non- arsenic exposed pregnant subjects. Significant correlation of urinary arsenic level was also found with SBP, DBP, TG, T chol and serum LDL-Cholesterol. On multivariate logistic regression showed urinary arsenic had a positive association with DBP, SBP, Triglyceride and LDL-c. Conclusion: In conclusion, arsenic exposure may induce dyslipidemia like atherosclerosis through modifying reverse cholesterol transport in cholesterol metabolism. For decreasing atherosclerosis related mortality associated with arsenic, preventing exposure from environmental sources in early life is an important element. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arsenic%20Exposure" title="Arsenic Exposure">Arsenic Exposure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dyslipidemia" title=" Dyslipidemia"> Dyslipidemia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gestational%20Diabetes%20Mellitus" title=" Gestational Diabetes Mellitus"> Gestational Diabetes Mellitus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Serum%20lipid%20profile" title=" Serum lipid profile"> Serum lipid profile</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122297/arsenic-contamination-in-drinking-water-is-associated-with-dyslipidemia-in-pregnancy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122297.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">125</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">244</span> Characterization of Soil Microbial Communities from Vineyard under a Spectrum of Drought Pressures in Sensitive Area of Mediterranean Region</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gianmaria%20Califano">Gianmaria Califano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J%C3%BAlio%20Augusto%20Lucena%20Maciel"> Júlio Augusto Lucena Maciel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olfa%20Zarrouk"> Olfa Zarrouk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miguel%20Damasio"> Miguel Damasio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jose%20Silvestre"> Jose Silvestre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Margarida%20Fortes"> Ana Margarida Fortes</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Global warming, with rapid and sudden changes in meteorological conditions, is one of the major constraints to ensuring agricultural and crop resilience in the Mediterranean regions. Several strategies are being adopted to reduce the pressure of drought stress on grapevines at regional and local scales: improvements in the irrigation systems, adoption of interline cover crops, and adaptation of pruning techniques. However, still, more can be achieved if also microbial compartments associated with plants are considered in crop management. It is known that the microbial community change according to several factors such as latitude, plant variety, age, rootstock, soil composition and agricultural management system. Considering the increasing pressure of the biotic and abiotic stresses, it is of utmost necessity to also evaluate the effects of drought on the microbiome associated with the grapevine, which is a commercially important crop worldwide. In this study, we characterize the diversity and the structure of the microbial community under three long-term irrigation levels (100% ETc, 50% ETc and rain-fed) in a drought-tolerant grapevine cultivar present worldwide, Syrah. To avoid the limitations of culture-dependent methods, amplicon sequencing with target primers for bacteria and fungi was applied to the same soil samples. The use of the DNeasy PowerSoil (Qiagen) extraction kit required further optimization with the use of lytic enzymes and heating steps to improve DNA yield and quality systematically across biological treatments. Target regions (16S rRNA and ITS genes) of our samples are being sequenced with Illumina technology. With bioinformatic pipelines, it will be possible to obtain a characterization of the bacterial and fungal diversity, structure and composition. Further, the microbial communities will be assessed for their functional activity, which remains an important metric considering the strong inter-kingdom interactions existing between plants and their associated microbiome. The results of this study will lay the basis for biotechnological applications: in combination with the establishment of a bacterial library, it will be possible to explore the possibility of testing synthetic microbial communities to support plant resistance to water scarcity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbiome" title="microbiome">microbiome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metabarcoding" title=" metabarcoding"> metabarcoding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil" title=" soil"> soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vinegrape" title=" vinegrape"> vinegrape</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=syrah" title=" syrah"> syrah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20warming" title=" global warming"> global warming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crop%20sustainability" title=" crop sustainability"> crop sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164499/characterization-of-soil-microbial-communities-from-vineyard-under-a-spectrum-of-drought-pressures-in-sensitive-area-of-mediterranean-region" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164499.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">123</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">243</span> Urinary Schistosomiasis among Pre-School and School Aged Children in Two Peri-Urban Communities in Southwest Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isiaka%20Akinwale">Isiaka Akinwale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tolulope%20Babatunde"> Tolulope Babatunde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oladepo%20Sowemimo"> Oladepo Sowemimo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A cross-sectional study was conducted between March and April, 2016 among pre-school and school-aged children in two peri-urban communities in Osun State, Southwest Nigeria. Urine samples were collected from the pre-school and school-aged children, tested for microhaematuria using reagent strips, processed and examined for Schistosoma haematobium ova. Out of 274 pupils examined, 132 (48.2%) had infection, with no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) in infection between male (48.6%) and female pupils (47.6%). The prevalence of infection increases significantly with age (P < 0.05), with the peak (93.3%) of infection recorded in pupils aged 15 to 16 years and the lowest infection (10.0%) in pupils aged 3 to 4 years. There was no statistically significant association (P > 0.05) between intensity in male pupils (156.0 ± 34.5/10 ml) and female pupils (141.7 ± 29.5/10 ml). The prevalence of pupils with microhaematuria was 65.0% and it increased significantly with age (P < 0.001). The conclusion drawn from the study is that to reduce the transmission of S. haematobium in endemic communities, health education and provision of potable water are advocated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Schistosoma%20haematobium" title="Schistosoma haematobium">Schistosoma haematobium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microhaeamturia" title=" microhaeamturia"> microhaeamturia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prevalence" title=" prevalence"> prevalence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urinary%20schistosomiasis" title=" urinary schistosomiasis"> urinary schistosomiasis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20aged%20children" title=" school aged children"> school aged children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67411/urinary-schistosomiasis-among-pre-school-and-school-aged-children-in-two-peri-urban-communities-in-southwest-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67411.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">425</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">242</span> Correlation of Urinary Waxy Casts with Renal Pathology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muner%20M.%20B.%20Mohamed">Muner M. B. Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vipin%20Varghese"> Vipin Varghese</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dustin%20Chalmers"> Dustin Chalmers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalid%20M.%20G.%20Mohammed"> Khalid M. G. Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20Carlos%20Q.%20Velez"> Juan Carlos Q. Velez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Urinary waxy casts (uWxC) are traditionally described in textbooks as indicative of chronic renal parenchymal disease. However, data supporting this contention is lacking. uWxC can be seen in the context of various renal syndromes, including acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (GN), and nephrotic syndrome. Thus, we investigated the correlation between the identification of uWxC and renal pathological findings. Methods: We prospectively collected data of patients seen in nephrology consultation with a urine specimen subjected to the microscopic examination of the urinary sediment (MicrExUrSed) over a 3-year period. Within this cohort, we identified cases in which a kidney biopsy was concomitantly performed. We assessed the association of uWxC with glomerular or tubular pathology and with chronicity [interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA) and glomerular obsolescence (GO)]. Results: Among 683 patients with MicrExUrSed,103 (15%) underwent kidney biopsy and were included. The mean age was 55 years, 51% women, 50% white, and 38% self-identified black. Median serum creatinine was 3.2 (0-7-15.6) mg/dL and not significantly different between those with and without uWxC (4.7 vs 3.8 mg/dL, p=0.13). uWxC was identified in 35 (34%) cases. A glomerulopathy was diagnosed in 79 (77%). Among those with uWxC (n=35), a glomerulopathy was more likely to be found with concomitant acute tubular injury (ATI) than without ATI (57% vs. 23%, p=0.0006), whereas among those without uWxC, glomerulopathies were found with or without concomitant ATI with similar frequency (41% vs. 34%, p=0.48). Overall (n=103), more patients with uWxC had ≥ 20% IFTA compared to those without uWxC (74% vs 51%, p=0.03). Among those with glomerulopathy (n=79), more patients with uWxC had ≥ 20% IFTA compared to those without uWxC (89% vs. 56%, p=0.004). uWxC did not correlate with GO. Conclusion: Identification of uWxC denotes a greater likelihood of finding evidence of ATI superimposed with a glomerulopathy rather than finding an isolated glomerular lesion. uWxC is associated with a greater probability of finding ≥ 20% IFTA in a kidney biopsy specimen, particularly in those with a glomerular pathology. This observation may help clinicians weigh on the suitability of a kidney biopsy when chronicity or coexistence of ATI is in question. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waxy%20cast" title="waxy cast">waxy cast</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kidney%20biopsy" title=" kidney biopsy"> kidney biopsy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acute%20tubular%20injury" title=" acute tubular injury"> acute tubular injury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glomerulopathy" title=" glomerulopathy"> glomerulopathy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158781/correlation-of-urinary-waxy-casts-with-renal-pathology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158781.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">93</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">241</span> Salicylic Acid Signalling in Relation to Root Colonization in Rice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seema%20Garcha">Seema Garcha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sheetal%20Chopra"> Sheetal Chopra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Navraj%20Sarao"> Navraj Sarao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Plant hormones play a role in internal colonization by beneficial microbes and also systemic acquired resistance. They define qualitative and quantitative nature of root microbiome and also influence dynamics of root rhizospheric soil. The present study is an attempt to relate salicylic acid (signal molecule) content and qualitative nature of root endophytes at various stages in the growth of rice varieties of commercial value- Parmal 121 and Basmati 1121. Root seedlings of these varieties were raised using tissue culture techniques and then they were transplanted in the fields. Cultivation was done using conventional methods in agriculture. Field soil contained 0.39% N, 75.12 Kg/hectare of phosphorus and 163.0 Kg/hectare of potassium. Microfloral profiling of the root tissue was done using the selective microbiological medium. The salicylic acid content was estimated using HPLC-Agilent 1100 HPLC Series. Salicylic acid level of Basmati 1121 remained relatively low at the time of transplant and 90 days after transplant. It increased marginally at 60 days. A similar trend was observed with Parmal 121 as well. However, Parmal variety recorded 0.935 ug/g of salicylic acid at 60 days after transplant. Salicylic acid content decreased after 90 days as both the rice varieties remained disease free. The endophytic root microflora was established by 60 days after transplant in both the varieties after which their population became constant. Rhizobium spp dominated over Azotobacter spp. Genetic profiling of endophytes for nitrogen-fixing ability is underway. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant-microbe%20interaction" title="plant-microbe interaction">plant-microbe interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice" title=" rice"> rice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=root%20microbiome" title=" root microbiome"> root microbiome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salicylic%20acid" title=" salicylic acid"> salicylic acid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84755/salicylic-acid-signalling-in-relation-to-root-colonization-in-rice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84755.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">202</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">240</span> Prenatal Exposure to Organophosphate Pesticide and Fetal Growth</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi-Shuan%20ShaoShao">Yi-Shuan ShaoShao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yen-An%20Tsai"> Yen-An Tsai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chia-Huang%20Chang"> Chia-Huang Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kai-Wei%20Liao"> Kai-Wei Liao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ming-Song%20Tsai"> Ming-Song Tsai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mei-Lien%20Chen"> Mei-Lien Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Organophosphate pesticides (OPs) is an environmental hormone with proven endocrine-disrupting effects that may affect the growth and development in human. A large amount of organophosphate pesticides (OPs) is used throughout Taiwan, and human may be exposed through dietary intake or residential use. During pregnancy, OPs can be transferred to the blood stream reaching the fetus through the placenta. The aim of this study was to explore the association between maternal OPs exposure levels and fetal developments and birth outcomes. A birth cohort was follow-up. Maternal urine sample were collected at the first, second, and third gestational trimester. Fetal growth characteristics were measured by ultrasonic scan and birth outcomes were assessed by pediatrician. Urinary metabolite of organophosphate pesticides were assessed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The analytes included dimethylphosphate (DMP), dimethylthiophosphate (DMTP), dimethyldithiophosphates (DMDTP), diethylphosphate (DEP), diethylthiophosphate (DETP), and diethyldithiophosphate (DEDTP). We found that all of urine samples in each trimester were detected at least one metabolite for dialkyl phosphate (DAP). The detection rate range of OP urinary metabolites were from the lowest 22% DEDTP to the highest 100% DMP and DMTP. And to compared geometric means (GM) of urinary metabolites with three trimesters, that third trimester had the highest concentration for DMPs, DEPs, and DAPs in pregnant women were 368.01, 169.85 and 543.75 nmol/g creatinine, respectively. We observed that DAPs concentration in first and second trimester were significantly negative association with head circumference. DMPs in first trimester was significantly negative association with thoracic circumference (p=0.05) by spearman correlation. Our results support associations with prenatal OPs exposure with fetal head circumference and thoracic circumference. It provided that maternal OPs exposure might affect birth outcomes. Thus, prenatal exposure to OPs and health risk worthy of attention and concern. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DAPs" title="DAPs">DAPs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=birth%20outcomes" title=" birth outcomes"> birth outcomes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organophosphate%20pesticides" title=" organophosphate pesticides"> organophosphate pesticides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prenatal" title=" prenatal"> prenatal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42358/prenatal-exposure-to-organophosphate-pesticide-and-fetal-growth" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42358.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">340</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">239</span> Xylanase Impact beyond Performance: A Prebiotic Approach in Laying Hens</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Veerle%20Van%20Hoeck">Veerle Van Hoeck</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ingrid%20Somers"> Ingrid Somers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dany%20Morisset"> Dany Morisset</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Anti-nutritional factors such as non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) are present in viscous cereals used to feed poultry. Therefore, exogenous carbohydrases are commonly added to monogastric feed to degrade these NSP. Our hypothesis is that xylanase not only improves laying hen performance and digestibility but also induces a significant shift in microbial composition within the intestinal tract and, thereby, can cause a prebiotic effect. In this context, a better understanding of whether and how the chicken gut flora can be modulated by xylanase is needed. To do so, in the herein laying hen study, the effects of dietary supplementation of xylanase on performance, digestibility, and cecal microbiome were evaluated. A total of 96 HiSex laying hens was used in this experiment (3 diets and 16 replicates of 2 hens). Xylanase was added to the diets at concentrations of 0, 45,000 (15 g/t XygestTM HT) and 90,000 U/kg (30 g/t Xygest HT). The diets were based on wheat (~55 %), soybean, and sunflower meal. The lowest dosage, 45,000 U/kg, significantly increased average egg weight and improved feed efficiency compared to the control treatment (p < 0.05). Egg quality parameters were significantly improved in the experiment in response to the xylanase addition. For example, during the last 28 days of the trial, the 45,000 U/kg and the 90,000 U/kg treatments exhibited an increase in Haugh units and albumin heights (p < 0.05). Compared with the control, organic matter digestibility and N retention were drastically improved in the 45,000 U/kg treatment group, which implies better nutrient digestibility at this lowest recommended dosage compared to the control (p < 0.05). Furthermore, gross energy and crude fat digestibility were improved significantly for birds fed 90,000 U/kg group compared to the control. Importantly, 16S rRNA gene analysis revealed that xylanase at 45,000 U/kg dosages can exert a prebiotic effect. This conclusion was drawn based on studying the sequence variation in the 16S rRNA gene in order to characterize diverse microbial communities of the cecal content. A significant increase in beneficial bacteria (Lactobacilli spp and Enterococcus casseliflavus) was documented when adding 45,000 U/kg xylanase to the diet of laying hens. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of xylanase, even at the lowest dose of (45,000 U/kg), significantly improved laying hen performance and digestibility. Furthermore, it is generally accepted that a proper bacterial balance between the number of beneficial bacteria and pathogenic bacteria in the intestine is vital for the host. It seems that the xylanase enzyme is able to modulate the laying hen microbiome beneficially and thus exerts a prebiotic effect. This microbiome plasticity in response to the xylanase provides an attractive target for stimulating intestinal health. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laying%20hen" title="laying hen">laying hen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prebiotic" title=" prebiotic"> prebiotic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XygestTM%20HT" title=" XygestTM HT"> XygestTM HT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=xylanase" title=" xylanase"> xylanase</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134395/xylanase-impact-beyond-performance-a-prebiotic-approach-in-laying-hens" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134395.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">238</span> Evalution of Antiurolithiatic Potentials from Cucumis sativus Fruits</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20J.%20Pramod">H. J. Pramod</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Pethkar"> S. Pethkar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The evaluation of antiurolithiatic potentials from the extracts of Cucumis sativus fruits at different doses and cystone (standard formulation) at a dose of 750 mg/kg were measured for both preventive and curative regimen in wistar rats by adding 0.75% v/v ethylene glycol (EG) to drinking water for 28 days, except normal rats. After the completion of the experimental period, (28th day) urinary parameters like (urine volume, routine urine analysis, levels of calcium, phosphate, oxalate, magnesium, sodium) serum biomarkers like (creatinine, BUN, uric acid, ALP, ALT, AST) kidney homogenate analysis for (levels of calcium, oxalate and phosphate) were analysed. The treated groups shows increased in the urine output significantly compared to the normal. The extract shows significantly decreased in the urinary excretion of the calcium, phosphate, magnesium, sodium and oxalate. The both preventive and curative treatment of extracts showed decrease in the stone forming constituents in the kidneys of urolithiatic rats further the kidneys of all the groups were excised and sectioned for histopathological examination which further claims to posses antiurolithiatic activity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cucumis%20sativus" title="Cucumis sativus">Cucumis sativus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urolithiasis" title=" urolithiasis"> urolithiasis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethylene%20glycol" title=" ethylene glycol"> ethylene glycol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cystone" title=" cystone"> cystone</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17358/evalution-of-antiurolithiatic-potentials-from-cucumis-sativus-fruits" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17358.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">548</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">237</span> Prevalence of Microalbuminuria and Its Relation with Various Risk Factors in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Singh%20Baljinder">Singh Baljinder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sharma%20Navneet"> Sharma Navneet</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microalbuminuria is the earliest detectable marker of diabetic nephropathy. We planned to evaluate the prevalence of microalbuminuria in type 1 diabetics and correlate with various risk factor. We randomly selected 100 type 1 diabetic patients after inclusion and exclusion criteria from DCRC, S. P. Medical College, Bikaner. Clinical examinations for anthropometeric parameters, hypertension, retinopathy, glycaemic status, lipid profile were done and microalbuminuria was estimated by micral test. Microalbuminuria was seen in 38% patients. The mean urinary albumin concentration was 96.61 mg/l in microalbuminuria positive cases, 134 mg/L in hypertensive patients while 74.5 mg/L in normal patients. Mean diabetic duration was 6.43 years in microalbuminurics. Albumin excretion increased significantly with age at onset of 10-18 years and declined thereafter. Microalbuminuria cases exhibited mean cholesterol 181.63 mg%, TG 130.94 mg%, LDL 109.87 mg%, HDL 57.5 mg% and VLDL 30.64 mg%. Mean urinary albumin concentration in patients with retinopathy was 160.52 mg/L while 78.66 mg/L without retinopathy. In multiple stepwise logistic regression analysis, a strong positive association was seen between microalbuminuria and hypertension (OR=5.087, CI=2.1319-12.101), fasting blood sugar (OR=3. 491, CI=1.138-10.70), duration of diabetes (OR=3.41, CI=1.360-8.55) and HbA1c (OR=2.381, CI-=1.1-5.64). The present study indicates that microalbuminuria is a common complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus and can be prevented by careful management of risk factors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=type%201%20diabetes" title="type 1 diabetes">type 1 diabetes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalbuminuria" title=" microalbuminuria"> microalbuminuria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetic%20nephropathy" title=" diabetic nephropathy"> diabetic nephropathy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retinopathy" title=" retinopathy"> retinopathy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypertension" title=" hypertension"> hypertension</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9980/prevalence-of-microalbuminuria-and-its-relation-with-various-risk-factors-in-type-1-diabetes-mellitus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9980.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">445</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">236</span> Microbiological Profile of UTI along with Their Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern with Special Reference to Nitrofurantoin</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rupinder%20Bakshi">Rupinder Bakshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Geeta%20Walia"> Geeta Walia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anita%20Gupta"> Anita Gupta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are considered to be one of the most common bacterial infections with an estimated annual global incidence of 150 million. Antimicrobial drug resistance is one of the major threats due to widespread usage of uncontrolled antibiotics. Materials and Methods: A total number of 9149 urine samples were collected from R.H Patiala and processed in the Department of Microbiology G.M.C Patiala. Urine samples were inoculated on MacConkey’s and blood agar plates by using calibrated loop delivering 0.001 ml of sample and incubated at 37 °C for 24 hrs. The organisms were identified by colony characters, gram’s staining and biochemical reactions. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was determined against various antimicrobial agents (Hi – Media Mumbai India) by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method on Muller Hinton agar plates. Results: Maximum patients were in the age group of 21-30 yrs followed by 31-40 yrs. Males (34%) are less prone to urinary tract infections than females (66%). Out of 9149 urine sample, the culture was positive in 25% (2290) samples. Esch. coli was the most common isolate 60.3% (n = 1378) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 13.5% (n = 310), Proteus spp. 9% (n = 209), Staphylococcus aureus 7.6 % (n = 173), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 3.7% (n = 84), Citrobacter spp. 3.1 % (70), Staphylococcus saprophyticus 1.8 % (n = 142), Enterococcus faecalis 0.8%(n=19) and Acinetobacter spp. 0.2%(n=5). Gram negative isolates showed higher sensitivity towards, Piperacillin +Tazobactum (67%), Amikacin (80%), Nitrofurantoin (82%), Aztreonam (100%), Imipenem (100%) and Meropenam (100%) while gram positive showed good response towards Netilmicin (69%), Nitrofurantoin (79%), Linezolid (98%), Vancomycin (100%) and Teicoplanin (100%). 465 (23%) isolates were resistant to Penicillins, 1st generation and 2nd generation Cehalosporins which were further tested by double disk approximation test and combined disk method for ESBL production. Out of 465 isolates, 375 were ESBLs consisting of n 264 (70.6%) Esch.coli and 111 (29.4%) Klebsiella pneumoniae. Susceptibility of ESBL producers to Imipenem, Nitrofurantoin and Amikacin were found to be 100%, 76%, and 75% respectively. Conclusion: Uropathogens are increasingly showing resistance to many antibiotics making empiric management of outpatients UTIs challenging. Ampicillin, Cotrimoxazole, and Ciprofloxacin should not be used in empiric treatment. Nitrofurantoin could be used in lower urinary tract infection. Knowledge of uropathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in a geographical region will help inappropriate and judicious antibiotic usage in a health care setup. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Urinary%20Tract%20Infection" title="Urinary Tract Infection">Urinary Tract Infection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UTI" title=" UTI"> UTI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibiotic%20susceptibility%20pattern" title=" antibiotic susceptibility pattern"> antibiotic susceptibility pattern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ESBL" title=" ESBL"> ESBL</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10688/microbiological-profile-of-uti-along-with-their-antibiotic-sensitivity-pattern-with-special-reference-to-nitrofurantoin" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10688.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">344</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">235</span> Study of the Association between Salivary Microbiological Data, Oral Health Indicators, Behavioral Factors, and Social Determinants among Post-COVID Patients Aged 7 to 12 Years in Tbilisi City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lia%20Mania">Lia Mania</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ketevan%20Nanobashvili"> Ketevan Nanobashvili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The coronavirus disease COVID-19 has become the cause of a global health crisis during the current pandemic. This study aims to fill the paucity of epidemiological studies on the impact of COVID-19 on the oral health of pediatric populations. Methods: It was conducted an observational, cross-sectional study in Georgia, in Tbilisi (capital of Georgia), among 7 to 12-year-old PCR or rapid test-confirmed post-Covid populations in all districts of Tbilisi (10 districts in total). 332 beneficiaries who were infected with Covid within one year were included in the study. The population was selected in schools of Tbilisi according to the principle of cluster selection. A simple random selection took place in the selected clusters. According to this principle, an equal number of beneficiaries were selected in all districts of Tbilisi. By July 1, 2022, according to National Center for Disease Control and Public Health data (NCDC.Ge), the number of test-confirmed cases in the population aged 0-18 in Tbilisi was 115137 children (17.7% of all confirmed cases). The number of patients to be examined was determined by the sample size. Oral screening, microbiological examination of saliva, and administration of oral health questionnaires to guardians were performed. Statistical processing of data was done with SPSS-23. Risk factors were estimated by odds ratio and logistic regression with 95% confidence interval. Results: Statistically reliable differences between the averages of oral health indicators in asymptomatic and symptomatic covid-infected groups are: for caries intensity (DMF+def) t=4.468 and p=0.000, for modified gingival index (MGI) t=3.048, p=0.002, for simplified oral hygiene index (S-OHI) t=4.853; p=0.000. Symptomatic covid-infection has a reliable effect on the oral microbiome (Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus epidermalis); (n=332; 77.3% vs n=332; 58.0%; OR=2.46, 95%CI: 1.318-4.617). According to the logistic regression, it was found that the severity of the covid infection has a significant effect on the frequency of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic bacteria in the oral cavity B=0.903 AOR=2.467 (CL 1.318-4.617). Symptomatic covid-infection affects oral health indicators, regardless of the presence of other risk factors, such as parental employment status, tooth brushing behaviors, carbohydrate meal, fruit consumption. (p<0.05). Conclusion: Risk factors (parental employment status, tooth brushing behaviors, carbohydrate consumption) were associated with poorer oral health status in a post-Covid population of 7- to 12-year-old children. However, such a risk factor as symptomatic ongoing covid-infection affected the oral microbiome in terms of the abundant growth of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus epidermalis) and further worsened oral health indicators. Thus, a close association was established between symptomatic covid-infection and microbiome changes in the post-covid period; also - between the variables of oral health indicators and the symptomatic course of covid-infection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20microbiome" title="oral microbiome">oral microbiome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title=" COVID-19"> COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=population%20based%20research" title=" population based research"> population based research</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20health%20indicators" title=" oral health indicators"> oral health indicators</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179606/study-of-the-association-between-salivary-microbiological-data-oral-health-indicators-behavioral-factors-and-social-determinants-among-post-covid-patients-aged-7-to-12-years-in-tbilisi-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179606.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">69</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">234</span> Separation of Urinary Proteins with Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis in Patients with Secondary Nephropathies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irena%20Kostovska">Irena Kostovska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katerina%20%20Tosheska%20Trajkovska"> Katerina Tosheska Trajkovska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Svetlana%20Cekovska"> Svetlana Cekovska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julijana%20%20Brezovska%20Kavrakova"> Julijana Brezovska Kavrakova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hristina%20Ampova"> Hristina Ampova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sonja%20%20Topuzovska"> Sonja Topuzovska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ognen%20Kostovski"> Ognen Kostovski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Goce%20%20Spasovski"> Goce Spasovski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Danica%20Labudovic"> Danica Labudovic</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Proteinuria is an important feature of secondary nephropathies. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of proteinuria plays an important role in determining the types of proteinuria (glomerular, tubular and mixed), in the diagnosis and prognosis of secondary nephropathies. The damage of the glomerular basement membrane is responsible for a proteinuria characterized by the presence of large amounts of protein with high molecular weights such as albumin (69 kilo Daltons-kD), transferrin (78 kD) and immunoglobulin G (150 kD). An insufficiency of proximal tubular function is the cause of a proteinuria characterized by the presence of proteins with low molecular weight (LMW), such as retinol binding protein (21 kD) and α1-microglobulin (31 kD). In some renal diseases, a mixed glomerular and tubular proteinuria is frequently seen. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) is the most widely used method of analyzing urine proteins for clinical purposes. The main aim of the study is to determine the type of proteinuria in the most common secondary nephropathies such as diabetic, hypertensive nephropathy and preeclampsia. Material and methods: In this study were included 90 subjects: subjects with diabetic nephropathy (n=30), subjects with hypertensive nephropahty (n=30) and pregnant women with preeclampsia (n=30). We divided all subjects according to UM/CR into three subgroups: macroalbuminuric (UM/CR >300 mg/g), microalbuminuric (UM/CR 30-300 mg/g) and normolabuminuric (UM/CR<30 mg/g). In all subjects, we measured microalbumin and creatinine in urine with standard biochemical methods. Separation of urinary proteins was performed by SDS-PAGE, in several stages: linear gel preparation (4-22%), treatment of urinary samples before their application on the gel, electrophoresis, gel fixation, coloring with Coomassie blue, and identification of the separated protein fractions based on standards with exactly known molecular weight. Results: According to urinary microalbumin/creatinin ratio in group of subject with diabetic nephropathy, nine patients were macroalbuminuric, while 21 subject were microalbuminuric. In group of subjects with hypertensive nephropathy, we found macroalbuminuria (n=4), microalbuminuria (n=20) and normoalbuminuria (n=6). All pregnant women with preeclampsia were macroalbuminuric. Electrophoretic separation of urinary proteins showed that in macroalbuminric patients with diabetic nephropathy 56% have mixed proteinuria, 22% have glomerular proteinuria and 22% have tubular proteinuria. In subgroup of subjects with diabetic nephropathy and microalbuminuria, 52% have glomerular proteinuria, 8% have tubular proteinuria, and 40% of subjects have normal electrophoretic findings. All patients with maroalbuminuria and hypertensive nephropathy have mixed proteinuria. In subgroup of patients with microalbuminuria and hypertensive nephropathy, we found: 32% with mixed proteinuria, 27% with normal findings, 23% with tubular, and 18% with glomerular proteinuria. In all normoalbuminruic patiens with hypertensive nephropathy, we detected normal electrophoretic findings. In group of subjects pregnant women with preeclampsia, we found: 81% with mixed proteinuria, 13% with glomerular, and 8% with tubular proteinuria. Conclusion: By SDS PAGE method, we detected that in patients with secondary nephropathies the most common type of proteinuria is mixed proteinuria, indicating both loss of glomerular permeability and tubular function. We can conclude that SDS PAGE is high sensitive method for detection of renal impairment in patients with secondary nephropathies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetic%20nephropathy" title="diabetic nephropathy">diabetic nephropathy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preeclampsia" title=" preeclampsia"> preeclampsia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypertensive%20nephropathy" title=" hypertensive nephropathy"> hypertensive nephropathy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SDS%20PAGE" title=" SDS PAGE"> SDS PAGE</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119794/separation-of-urinary-proteins-with-sodium-dodecyl-sulphate-polyacrylamide-gel-electrophoresis-in-patients-with-secondary-nephropathies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119794.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">233</span> Sulfur-Containing Diet Shift Hydrogen Metabolism and Reduce Methane Emission and Modulated Gut Microbiome in Goats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tsegay%20Teklebrhan%20Gebremariam">Tsegay Teklebrhan Gebremariam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhiliang"> Zhiliang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arjan%20Jonker"> Arjan Jonker</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study investigated that using corn gluten (CG) instead of cornmeal (CM) increased dietary sulfur shifted H₂ metabolism from methanogenesis to alternative sink and modulated microbiome in the rumen as well as hindgut segments of goats. Ruminal fermentation, CH₄ emissions and microbial abundance in goats (n = 24). The experiment was performed using a randomized block design with two dietary treatments (CM and CG with 400 g/kg DM each). Goats in CG increased sulfur, NDF and CP intake and decreased starch intake as compared with those in CM. Goats that received CG diet had decreased dissolved hydrogen (dH₂) (P = 0.01) and dissolved methane yield and emission (dCH₄) (P = 0.001), while increased dH₂S both in the rumen and hindgut segments than those fed CM. Goats fed CG had higher (p < 0.01) gene copies of microbiota and cellulolytic bacteria, whereas starch utilizing bacterial species were less in the rumen and hindgut than those fed CM. Higher (P < 0.05) methanogenic diversity and abundances of Methanimicrococcus and Methanomicrobium were observed in goats that consumed CG, whilst containing lower Methanobrevibacter populations than those receiving CM. The study suggested that goats fed corn gluten improved the gene copies of microbiota and fibrolytic bacterial species while reducing starch utilizing species in the rumen and hindgut segments as compared with that fed cornmeal. Goats consuming corn gluten had a more enriched methanogenic diversity and reduced Methanobrevibacter, a contributor to CH₄ emissions, as compared with goats fed CM. Corn gluten could be used as an alternative feed to decrease the enteric CH₄ emission in ruminant production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dissolved%20gasses" title="dissolved gasses">dissolved gasses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methanogenesis" title=" methanogenesis"> methanogenesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20community" title=" microbial community"> microbial community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metagenomics" title=" metagenomics"> metagenomics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147510/sulfur-containing-diet-shift-hydrogen-metabolism-and-reduce-methane-emission-and-modulated-gut-microbiome-in-goats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147510.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">158</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">232</span> Pyelography by Intraosseous Injection of Iodixanol in Persian Squirrel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Tavana">Mehdi Tavana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyedeh%20Zeinab%20Peighambarzadeh"> Seyedeh Zeinab Peighambarzadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pyelography is used for morphologic and especially functional studies of the urinary tracts. There are many indications for excretory Pyelography in humans and animals. Intravenous Pyelography is the most practical method; other Pyelography techniques were manipulated because of difficulties for finding veins in small size of the patients. At the best of times, the combination of small veins and abundant subcutaneous tissue makes vascular access difficult or impossible, therefore, another methods of administration of contrast media is desired. This study was performed to evaluate the feasibility of intraosseous injection of iodixanol in providing a safe and diagnostic urogram in Persian squirrel. Fourteen hundred mg iodine per kilogram body weight of iodixanol was injected subcutaneously over tibial tuberosity on ten clinically healthy adult Persian squirrels with no signs of urinary system disorder. Lateral and ventrodorsal radiographs were taken every 2 minutes until the pyelogram was finished. Intraosseous injection of iodixanol was successful to show nephrogram, pyelogram, uretrogram and cystogram clearly. There were no abnormal clinical signs after one week of experiments. Biochemical and hematological profiles were in normal ranges. It is concluded that intraosseous Pyelography is an effective and reliable method for Pyelography studies in squirrel. Microscopic examinations of the kidneys and the site of injection after one week were normal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyelography" title="pyelography">pyelography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intraosseous%20injection" title=" intraosseous injection"> intraosseous injection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iodixanol" title=" iodixanol"> iodixanol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=persian%20squirrel" title=" persian squirrel"> persian squirrel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34835/pyelography-by-intraosseous-injection-of-iodixanol-in-persian-squirrel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34835.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">524</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">231</span> Clinical Profile of Renal Diseases in Children in Tertiary Care Centre</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jyoti%20Agrawal">Jyoti Agrawal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Renal diseases in children and young adult can be difficult to diagnose early as it may present only with few symptoms, tends to have different course than adult and respond variously to different treatment. The pattern of renal disease in children is different from developing countries as compared to developed countries. Methods: This study was a hospital based prospective observational study carried from March, 2014 to February 2015 at BP Koirala institute of health sciences. Patients with renal disease, both inpatient and outpatient from birth to 14 years of age were enrolled in the study. The diagnosis of renal disease was be made on clinical and laboratory criteria. Results: Total of 120 patients were enrolled in our study which contributed to 3.74% % of total admission. The commonest feature of presentation was edema (75%), followed by fever (65%), hypertension (60%), decreased urine output (45%) and hematuria (25%). Most common diagnosis was acute glomerulonephritis (40%) followed by Nephrotic syndrome (25%) and urinary tract infection (25%). Renal biopsy was done for 10% of cases and most of them were steroid dependent nephrotic syndrome. 5% of our cases expired because of multiorgan dysfunction syndrome, sepsis and acute kidney injury. Conclusion: Renal disease contributes to a large part of hospital pediatric admission as well as mortality and morbidity to the children. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glomerulonephritis" title="glomerulonephritis">glomerulonephritis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nephrotic%20syndrome" title=" nephrotic syndrome"> nephrotic syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renal%20disease" title=" renal disease"> renal disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urinary%20tract%20infection" title=" urinary tract infection"> urinary tract infection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79003/clinical-profile-of-renal-diseases-in-children-in-tertiary-care-centre" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79003.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">426</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">230</span> Intraosseous Urography by Iodixanol in Persian Squirrels </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Tavana">Mehdi Tavana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyedeh%20Zeinab%20Peighambarzadeh"> Seyedeh Zeinab Peighambarzadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Excretory urography is used for morphologic and especially functional studies of the urinary tracts. There are many indications for excretory urography in humans and animals. Intravenous urography is the most practical method, other urography techniques were manipulated because of difficulties for finding veins in small size of the patients. At the best of times, the combination of small veins and abundant subcutaneous tissue make vascular access difficult or impossible, therefore, another methods of administration of contrast media is desired. This study was performed to evaluate the feasibility of intraosseous injection of iodixanol in providing a safe and diagnostic urogram in Persian squirrel. Fourteen hundreds mg iodine per kilogram body weight of iodixanol were injected subcutaneously over tibial tuberosity on ten clinically healthy adult Persian squirrels with no signs of urinary system disorder. Lateral and ventrodorsal radiographs were taken every 2 minutes until the pyelogram was finished. Intraosseous injection of iodixanol was successful to show nephrogram, pyelogram, uretrogram and cystogram clearly. There were no abnormal clinical signs after one week of experiments. Biochemical and hematological profiles were in normal ranges. It is concluded that intraosseous urography is an effective and reliable method for urography studies in squirrel. Microscopic examinations of the kidneys and the site of injection after one week were normal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intraosseous%20urography" title="intraosseous urography">intraosseous urography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iodixanol" title=" iodixanol"> iodixanol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Persian%20squirrel" title=" Persian squirrel"> Persian squirrel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphologic" title=" morphologic"> morphologic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28273/intraosseous-urography-by-iodixanol-in-persian-squirrels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28273.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">395</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">229</span> In vitro Skin Model for Enhanced Testing of Antimicrobial Textiles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Steven%20Arcidiacono">Steven Arcidiacono</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20Stote"> Robert Stote</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erin%20Anderson"> Erin Anderson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Molly%20Richards"> Molly Richards</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There are numerous standard test methods for antimicrobial textiles that measure activity against specific microorganisms. However, many times these results do not translate to the performance of treated textiles when worn by individuals. Standard test methods apply a single target organism grown under optimal conditions to a textile, then recover the organism to quantitate and determine activity; this does not reflect the actual performance environment that consists of polymicrobial communities in less than optimal conditions or interaction of the textile with the skin substrate. Here we propose the development of in vitro skin model method to bridge the gap between lab testing and wear studies. The model will consist of a defined polymicrobial community of 5-7 commensal microbes simulating the skin microbiome, seeded onto a solid tissue platform to represent the skin. The protocol would entail adding a non-commensal test organism of interest to the defined community and applying a textile sample to the solid substrate. Following incubation, the textile would be removed and the organisms recovered, which would then be quantitated to determine antimicrobial activity. Important parameters to consider include identification and assembly of the defined polymicrobial community, growth conditions to allow the establishment of a stable community, and choice of skin surrogate. This model could answer the following questions: 1) is the treated textile effective against the target organism? 2) How is the defined community affected? And 3) does the textile cause unwanted effects toward the skin simulant? The proposed model would determine activity under conditions comparable to the intended application and provide expanded knowledge relative to current test methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial%20textiles" title="antimicrobial textiles">antimicrobial textiles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=defined%20polymicrobial%20community" title=" defined polymicrobial community"> defined polymicrobial community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in%20vitro%20skin%20model" title=" in vitro skin model"> in vitro skin model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20microbiome" title=" skin microbiome"> skin microbiome</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133179/in-vitro-skin-model-for-enhanced-testing-of-antimicrobial-textiles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133179.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">228</span> Prevalence of Thyroid Disorders in Pregnancy in Northern Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samira%20Akdader-Oudahmane">Samira Akdader-Oudahmane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Assia%20Kamel"> Assia Kamel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lynda%20Lakabi"> Lynda Lakabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Bruce%20Zimmermann"> Michael Bruce Zimmermann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zohra%20Hamouli-Said"> Zohra Hamouli-Said</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djamila%20Meskine"> Djamila Meskine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Iodine is a trace element whose adequate intakes are essential during pregnancy to promote the correct growth and development of the fetus. Iodine deficiency is the cause of several disorders in foetal development, and thyroid disorders during pregnancy are associated with an increased risk of miscarriage or premature birth. The aim of this study was to assess the iodine status and thyroid function of pregnant women (PW) in northern Algeria. Methods: Healthy PW were recruited from an urban area (Algiers). Spot urine and venous blood samples were collected to assess iodine status (urinary iodine concentration, UIC) and serum thyroid hormones (TSH, FT4), and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO-Ab) concentrations. Results: The median UIC for the PW (n=172) in Algiers was 246,74µg/L, 244,68 µg/L, and 220,63µg/L, respectively, during the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy. Mean TSH and FT4 concentrations were within reference ranges in all groups of women. Among PW, 72.7%, 75.4%, and 75.5% in the first, second and third trimester were TPO-Ab+. Among PW, 14%, 10%, and 10% in the first, second and third trimester, respectively, with TPO -Ab+ had subclinical hypothyroidism. An analysis of the variations in the levels of the serum parameters (FT4, TSH and anti-TPO antibodies) was analyzed according to the UIC intervals admitted and show that these marker are predictive of thyroid function. Conclusion: In northern Algeria, median UICs indicate iodine sufficiency in PW. About 75% of PW are TPO-Ab+ and the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism is high. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thyroid" title="thyroid">thyroid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pregnant%20woman" title=" pregnant woman"> pregnant woman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urinary%20iodine" title=" urinary iodine"> urinary iodine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subclinical%20hypothyroidism" title=" subclinical hypothyroidism"> subclinical hypothyroidism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166232/prevalence-of-thyroid-disorders-in-pregnancy-in-northern-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166232.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">227</span> The Association between Gene Polymorphisms of GPX, SEPP1, and SEP15, Plasma Selenium Levels, Urinary Total Arsenic Concentrations, and Prostate Cancer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Mei%20Hsueh">Yu-Mei Hsueh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei-Jen%20Chen"> Wei-Jen Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yung-Kai%20Huang"> Yung-Kai Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cheng-Shiuan%20Tsai"> Cheng-Shiuan Tsai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuo-Cheng%20Yeh"> Kuo-Cheng Yeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Prostate cancer occurs in men over the age of 50, and rank sixth of the top ten cancers in Taiwan, and the incidence increased gradually over the past decade in Taiwan. Arsenic is confirmed as a carcinogen by International Agency for Research on (IARC). Arsenic induces oxidative stress may be a risk factor for prostate cancer, but the mechanism is not clear. Selenium is an important antioxidant element. Whether the association between plasma selenium levels and risk of prostate cancer are modified by different genotype of selenoprotein is still unknown. Glutathione peroxidase, selenoprotein P (SEPP1) and 15 kDa selenoprotein (SEP 15) are selenoprotein and regulates selenium transport and the oxidation and reduction reaction. However, the association between gene polymorphisms of selenoprotein and prostate cancer is not yet clear. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between plasma selenium, polymorphism of selenoprotein, urinary total arsenic concentration and prostate cancer. This study is a hospital-based case-control study. Three hundred twenty-two cases of prostate cancer and age (±5 years) 1:1 matched 322 control group were recruited from National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei Medical University Hospital, and Wan Fang Hospital. Well-trained personnel carried out standardized personal interviews based on a structured questionnaire. Information collected included demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, lifestyle and disease history. Blood and urine samples were also collected at the same time. The Research Ethics Committee of National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, approved the study. All patients provided informed consent forms before sample and data collection. Buffy coat was to extract DNA, and the polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to measure the genotypes of SEPP1 rs3797310, SEP15 rs5859, GPX1 rs1050450, GPX2 rs4902346, GPX3 rs4958872, and GPX4 rs2075710. Plasma concentrations of selenium were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).Urinary arsenic species concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography links hydride generator and atomic absorption spectrometer (HPLC-HG-AAS). Subject with high education level compared to those with low educational level had a lower prostate cancer odds ratio (OR) Mainland Chinese and aboriginal people had a lower OR of prostate cancer compared to Fukien Taiwanese. After adjustment for age, educational level, subjects with GPX1 rs1050450 CT and TT genotype compared to the CC genotype have lower, OR of prostate cancer, the OR and 95% confidence interval (Cl) was 0.53 (0.31-0.90). SEPP1 rs3797310 CT+TT genotype compared to those with CC genotype had a marginally significantly lower OR of PC. The low levels of plasma selenium and the high urinary total arsenic concentrations had the high OR of prostate cancer in a significant dose-response manner, and SEPP1 rs3797310 genotype modified this joint association. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prostate%20cancer" title="prostate cancer">prostate cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma%20selenium%20concentration" title=" plasma selenium concentration"> plasma selenium concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urinary%20total%20arsenic%20concentrations" title=" urinary total arsenic concentrations"> urinary total arsenic concentrations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glutathione%20peroxidase" title=" glutathione peroxidase"> glutathione peroxidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selenoprotein%20P" title=" selenoprotein P"> selenoprotein P</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selenoprotein%2015" title=" selenoprotein 15"> selenoprotein 15</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gene%20polymorphism" title=" gene polymorphism"> gene polymorphism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71097/the-association-between-gene-polymorphisms-of-gpx-sepp1-and-sep15-plasma-selenium-levels-urinary-total-arsenic-concentrations-and-prostate-cancer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71097.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">268</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">226</span> The Gut Microbiome in Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Characterization of Disease-Related Microbial Signature and the Possible Impact of Life Style and Nutrition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lena%20Lapidot">Lena Lapidot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Amnon"> Amir Amnon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rita%20Nosenko"> Rita Nosenko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Veitsman%20Ella"> Veitsman Ella</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cohen-Ezra%20Oranit"> Cohen-Ezra Oranit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Davidov%20Yana"> Davidov Yana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Segev%20Shlomo"> Segev Shlomo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Koren%20Omry"> Koren Omry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Safran%20Michal"> Safran Michal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ben-Ari%20Ziv"> Ben-Ari Ziv</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer related mortality worldwide. Liver Cirrhosis is the main predisposing risk factor for the development of HCC. The factor(s) influencing disease progression from Cirrhosis to HCC remain unknown. Gut microbiota has recently emerged as a major player in different liver diseases, however its association with HCC is still a mystery. Moreover, there might be an important association between the gut microbiota, nutrition, life style and the progression of Cirrhosis and HCC. The aim of our study was to characterize the gut microbial signature in association with life style and nutrition of patients with Cirrhosis, HCC-Cirrhosis and healthy controls. Design: Stool samples were collected from 95 individuals (30 patients with HCC, 38 patients with Cirrhosis and 27 age, gender and BMI-matched healthy volunteers). All participants answered lifestyle and Food Frequency Questionnaires. 16S rRNA sequencing of fecal DNA was performed (MiSeq Illumina). Results: There was a significant decrease in alpha diversity in patients with Cirrhosis (qvalue=0.033) and in patients with HCC-Cirrhosis (qvalue=0.032) compared to healthy controls. The microbiota of patients with HCC-cirrhosis compared to patients with Cirrhosis, was characterized by a significant overrepresentation of Clostridium (pvalue=0.024) and CF231 (pvalue=0.010) and lower expression of Alphaproteobacteria (pvalue=0.039) and Verrucomicrobia (pvalue=0.036) in several taxonomic levels: Verrucomicrobiae, Verrucomicrobiales, Verrucomicrobiaceae and the genus Akkermansia (pvalue=0.039). Furthermore, we performed an analysis of predicted metabolic pathways (Kegg level 2) that resulted in a significant decrease in the diversity of metabolic pathways in patients with HCC-Cirrhosis (qvalue=0.015) compared to controls, one of which was amino acid metabolism. Furthermore, investigating the life style and nutrition habits of patients with HCC-Cirrhosis, we found significant correlations between intake of artificial sweeteners and Verrucomicrobia (qvalue=0.12), High sugar intake and Synergistetes (qvalue=0.021) and High BMI and the pathogen Campylobacter (qvalue=0.066). Furthermore, overweight in patients with HCC-Cirrhosis modified bacterial diversity (qvalue=0.023) and composition (qvalue=0.033). Conclusions: To the best of the our knowledge, we present the first report of the gut microbial composition in patients with HCC-Cirrhosis, compared with Cirrhotic patients and healthy controls. We have demonstrated in our study that there are significant differences in the gut microbiome of patients with HCC-cirrhosis compared to Cirrhotic patients and healthy controls. Our findings are even more pronounced because the significantly increased bacteria Clostridium and CF231 in HCC-Cirrhosis weren't influenced by diet and lifestyle, implying this change is due to the development of HCC. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and assess causality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cirrhosis" title="Cirrhosis">Cirrhosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hepatocellular%20carcinoma" title=" Hepatocellular carcinoma"> Hepatocellular carcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20style" title=" life style"> life style</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liver%20disease" title=" liver disease"> liver disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbiome" title=" microbiome"> microbiome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrition" title=" nutrition"> nutrition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96178/the-gut-microbiome-in-cirrhosis-and-hepatocellular-carcinoma-characterization-of-disease-related-microbial-signature-and-the-possible-impact-of-life-style-and-nutrition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96178.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">225</span> Postpartum Female Sexual Dysfunctions in Hungary: A Cross-Sectional Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katalin%20Sz%C3%B6ll%C5%91si">Katalin Szöllősi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3%20Szab%C3%B3"> László Szabó</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction and purpose: Even though female sexual dysfunctions are common among women in the postpartum period, the profile of these disturbances has not been well investigated in Hungary yet. The aim of the study was to evaluate the postpartum female sexual functions in Hungary. This research sought to investigate the possible predictor factors which can influence postpartum female sexual functions. Method and sample: This was a cross-sectional study, including patients from two maternity clinics in Budapest. 113 women were recruited into our study 3 months after their childbirth. 53 had vaginal birth, 60 had a caesarian section. Data were collected from medical reports in addition by using self-developed questions and validated questionnaires in order to measure important predictors which may be responsible for postpartum sexual dysfunctions such as mode of delivery, parity, urinary incontinence and body image. Sexual functions were evaluated by the Hungarian version of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). The Hungarian version of Body Image Questionnaire-Short Form14 (BSQ-SF14) was applied for assessing body image. Results: 82,3% of the participants began to have sexual intercourse within three months postpartum. 53,98% of the participants reported sexual dysfunctions (cut-off FSFI score 26,55). According to our results mode of delivery, parity, hemorrhoids, time of intercourse, resumption was not associated with female sexual dysfunctions. We found correlation at a tendential level between urinary incontinence and sexual dysfunctions (p=0,003, R=0,26). We found a negative correlation at a tendential level between the total score of BSQ-SF14 and FSFI (p=0,03, R=-0,269). Only 32,74% of women reported discussing sexual life with health care professionals. However, 67,25% of them would have had the need to be asked about their postpartum health issues. Conclusions and recommendations: The prevalence of female sexual dysfunctions were relatively high after childbirth. We found that incontinence and body image was associated with sexual dysfunctions; other risk factors remained unknown. Despite regular contact with health care professionals, women rarely get any information about postpartum sexual health issues. The high prevalence of dysfunctions indicates the need for further investigation to address other risk factors and proper counselling of women after childbirth. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20image" title="body image">body image</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postpartum" title=" postpartum"> postpartum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sexual%20dysfunction" title=" sexual dysfunction"> sexual dysfunction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urinary%20incontinence" title=" urinary incontinence"> urinary incontinence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109129/postpartum-female-sexual-dysfunctions-in-hungary-a-cross-sectional-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109129.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">111</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">224</span> Post-bladder Catheter Infection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahla%20Azimi">Mahla Azimi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Post-bladder catheter infection is a common and significant healthcare-associated infection that affects individuals with indwelling urinary catheters. These infections can lead to various complications, including urinary tract infections (UTIs), bacteremia, sepsis, and increased morbidity and mortality rates. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of post-bladder catheter infections, including their causes, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment options, and preventive measures. Causes and Risk Factors: Post-bladder catheter infections primarily occur due to the colonization of microorganisms on the surface of the urinary catheter. The most common pathogens involved are Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterococcus species. Several risk factors contribute to the development of these infections, such as prolonged catheterization duration, improper insertion technique, poor hygiene practices during catheter care, compromised immune system function in patients with underlying conditions or immunosuppressive therapy. Clinical Presentation: Patients with post-bladder catheter infections may present with symptoms such as fever, chills, malaise, suprapubic pain or tenderness, and cloudy or foul-smelling urine. In severe cases or when left untreated for an extended period of time, patients may develop more severe symptoms like hematuria or signs of systemic infection. Diagnosis: The diagnosis of post-bladder catheter infection involves a combination of clinical evaluation and laboratory investigations. Urinalysis is crucial in identifying pyuria (presence of white blood cells) and bacteriuria (presence of bacteria). A urine culture is performed to identify the causative organism(s) and determine its antibiotic susceptibility profile. Treatment Options: Prompt initiation of appropriate antibiotic therapy is essential in managing post-bladder catheter infections. Empirical treatment should cover common pathogens until culture results are available. The choice of antibiotics should be guided by local antibiogram data to ensure optimal therapy. In some cases, catheter removal may be necessary, especially if the infection is recurrent or associated with severe complications. Preventive Measures: Prevention plays a vital role in reducing the incidence of post-bladder catheter infections. Strategies include proper hand hygiene, aseptic technique during catheter insertion and care, regular catheter maintenance, and timely removal of unnecessary catheters. Healthcare professionals should also promote patient education regarding self-care practices and signs of infection. Conclusion: Post-bladder catheter infections are a significant healthcare concern that can lead to severe complications and increased healthcare costs. Early recognition, appropriate diagnosis, and prompt treatment are crucial in managing these infections effectively. Implementing preventive measures can significantly reduce the incidence of post-bladder catheter infections and improve patient outcomes. Further research is needed to explore novel strategies for prevention and management in this field. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post-bladder%20catheter%20infection" title="post-bladder catheter infection">post-bladder catheter infection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urinary%20tract%20infection" title=" urinary tract infection"> urinary tract infection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacteriuria" title=" bacteriuria"> bacteriuria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indwelling%20urinary%20catheters" title=" indwelling urinary catheters"> indwelling urinary catheters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prevention" title=" prevention"> prevention</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170185/post-bladder-catheter-infection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170185.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">223</span> Effect of Arbutus Pavarii ( Shemari ) Libyan Medical Plant on Ethylene Glycol Induced Urolithiasis in Male Albino Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled.%20M.Benelhaj">Khaled. M.Benelhaj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moada%20Elbadary"> Moada Elbadary</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present investigation is carried out to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of Arbutus Pavarii (Shemari) Libyan medical plant on ethylene glycol(EG) induce lithiasis in adult male albino rats. The lithiasis was induced to rats by oral administration of EG (0.75 w/v%) for 21 days(group 1). Aqueous extract of Shemari (200 mg/kg) was given orally from 1st day for preventive regimen (group 2) and from day 21st up to 42nd day for curative regimen (group 3). The results indicated that the EG elevated the urinary ionic of calcium, oxalates and inorganic phosphate. The Shemari significantly (P<0.01) reduced the levels of these ions. The histopathological findings showed that EG caused marked pathological changes in renal cortex; necrosis of glomerular tufts; mildy thickened bowman’s capsule and coagulative necrosis of large number of convoluted tubules. However, the histological changes in preventive regimen group 2 showed the same changes observed in group 1, but milder in severity and less in frequency. It conclude that Shemari do reduce the urinary ionic levels of calcium, oxalates and inorganic phosphate but failed to prevent complete deterioration effects of EG on kidney structures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EG" title="EG">EG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shamari" title=" shamari"> shamari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kidney%20stone" title=" kidney stone"> kidney stone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Libyan%20medical%20plant" title=" Libyan medical plant"> Libyan medical plant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glycol" title=" glycol"> glycol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxalates" title=" oxalates "> oxalates </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18883/effect-of-arbutus-pavarii-shemari-libyan-medical-plant-on-ethylene-glycol-induced-urolithiasis-in-male-albino-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18883.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">549</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">222</span> The Role of the Gut Microbiome of Marine Invertebrates in the Degradation of Complex Algal Substrates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuchen%20LI">Yuchen LI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martyn%20Kurr"> Martyn Kurr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Golyshin"> Peter Golyshin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biological invasion is a global problem. Invasive species can threaten local ecosystems by competing for resources, consuming local species, and reproducing faster than natives. Sargassum muticum is an invasive algae in the UK. It negatively impacts local algae through overshading and can cause reductions in local biodiversity. One possibility for its success is herbivore release. According to the Enemy Release Hypothesis, invasives are less impacted by local herbivores than natives. In many species, gastrointestinal (GI) tract microbes have been found as a key factor in food preference and similar mechanisms may exist in the relationship between local consumers and S. muticum. Some populations of native Littorina snails accept S. muticum as a food source, while others avoid it. This project aims to establish the relationship between GI tract microbes and the feeding preferences of L. littorea, when offered both native algae and S. muticum. Individuals of L. littorea from a site invaded by S. muticum around 18 years ago were compared to those from an un-invaded site nearby. Sargassum-experienced snails are more likely to consume it than those naïve, and pronounced differences were found in the GI-tract microbial communities through 16S (prokaryote) and 18S (eukaryote) sequencing. Sargassum-naïve snails were then exposed to a faecal pellets from experienced snails to ‘inoculate’ them with microbes from the exposed snails. Preliminary results suggest these faecal-pellet-exposed but otherwise Sargassum-naïve snails subsequently begun consuming S. muticum. It is unclear if these results are due to genuine changes in GI-tract microbes or through some other mechanism, such as behavioural responses to chemical cues in the faecal pellets, but these results are nevertheless of significance for invasive ecology, suggesting that foraging preferences for an invasive prey type are malleable and possibly programmable in laboratory settings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=invasive%20algae" title="invasive algae">invasive algae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sea%20snails" title=" sea snails"> sea snails</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gut%20microbiome" title=" gut microbiome"> gut microbiome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biocontrol" title=" biocontrol"> biocontrol</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170395/the-role-of-the-gut-microbiome-of-marine-invertebrates-in-the-degradation-of-complex-algal-substrates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170395.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">85</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">221</span> Prevalence of Endemic Goiter in School Children and Women of Reproductive Age Group during Post Salt Iodization Period in Andro Constituency, Imphal-East District, Manipur, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Suchitra%20Devi">Y. Suchitra Devi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Hemchandra%20Singh"> L. Hemchandra Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Because of its geographical location, Manipur lies in the conventional goiter endemic belt. During the post salt iodization period, endemic goiter was prevalent in the valley districts of Manipur without iodine deficiency. Objectives: The present study aim at the prevalence of goiter among school children (6-12 years) and women of reproductive age group (above 20 years) of Andro Assembly Constituency, Imphal- East, Manipur, India. Method: A total of 3992 individuals were clinically examined for thyroid enlargement. Hormones like TSH, FT₄, FT₃, and Anti-TPO, Anti-Tg were tested, UIC, USCN, testing of iodine in water and salt. Result: Total goiter prevalence was found to be 13.98%, median urinary iodine level was 166.0 µg/l, mean urinary thiocyanate concentration was 0.726 ± 0.408, mean water iodine concentration was 3.843 ± 2.291, and all the salt samples were above 15ppm. 6 out of 41 children and 93 out of 176 women were auto antibody positive. 41 children and 176 women were tested for TSH, FT₄, and FT₃, which shows disturbance in hormone level. Conclusion: The present study showed that the region is mildly goiter endemic without biochemical iodine deficiency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=goiter" title="goiter">goiter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TSH" title=" TSH"> TSH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FT%E2%82%84" title=" FT₄"> FT₄</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FT%E2%82%83" title=" FT₃"> FT₃</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-TPO" title=" anti-TPO"> anti-TPO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-Tg" title=" anti-Tg"> anti-Tg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UIC" title=" UIC"> UIC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=USCN" title=" USCN"> USCN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20children%20and%20%20women%20of%20reproductive%20age" title=" school children and women of reproductive age"> school children and women of reproductive age</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129972/prevalence-of-endemic-goiter-in-school-children-and-women-of-reproductive-age-group-during-post-salt-iodization-period-in-andro-constituency-imphal-east-district-manipur-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129972.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">111</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urinary%20microbiome&page=3" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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