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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the non-departmental public body. For the botanical gardens in Kew, south-west London, see <a href="/wiki/Kew_Gardens" title="Kew Gardens">Kew Gardens</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><p><b>Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Non-departmental_public_body" title="Non-departmental public body">non-departmental public body</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> sponsored by the <a href="/wiki/Department_for_Environment,_Food_and_Rural_Affairs" title="Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs">Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs</a>. An internationally important <a href="/wiki/Botany" title="Botany">botanical</a> research and education institution, it employs 1,100 staff.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnnual_reports2020_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnnual_reports2020-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its board of trustees is chaired by <a href="/wiki/Amelia_Fawcett" title="Amelia Fawcett">Dame Amelia Fawcett</a>. </p><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kew_royalbritannicgardens_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Kew_royalbritannicgardens_logo.png/200px-Kew_royalbritannicgardens_logo.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Kew_royalbritannicgardens_logo.png/300px-Kew_royalbritannicgardens_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Kew_royalbritannicgardens_logo.png/400px-Kew_royalbritannicgardens_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="520"></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Non-departmental_public_body" title="Non-departmental public body">Non-departmental public body</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kew,_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Kew, London">Kew</a>, <a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Richmond_upon_Thames" title="London Borough of Richmond upon Thames">London Borough of Richmond upon Thames</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dame_Amelia_Fawcett" class="mw-redirect" title="Dame Amelia Fawcett">Dame Amelia Fawcett</a> (Chair)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Deverell" title="Richard Deverell">Richard Deverell</a> (Director)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Budget</th><td class="infobox-data">£65.6 million<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnnual_reports2020_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnnual_reports2020-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Employees</th><td class="infobox-data">1,100</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kew.org">www<wbr></wbr>.kew<wbr></wbr>.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The organisation manages <a href="/wiki/Kew_Gardens" title="Kew Gardens">botanic gardens at Kew</a> in <a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Richmond_upon_Thames" title="London Borough of Richmond upon Thames">Richmond upon Thames</a> in south-west London, and at <a href="/wiki/Wakehurst_Place" title="Wakehurst Place">Wakehurst</a>, a <a href="/wiki/National_Trust" title="National Trust">National Trust</a> property in <a href="/wiki/Sussex" title="Sussex">Sussex</a> which is home to the internationally important <a href="/wiki/Millennium_Seed_Bank_Partnership" title="Millennium Seed Bank Partnership">Millennium Seed Bank</a>, whose scientists work with partner organisations in more than 95 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-MSB_How_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSB_How-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kew, jointly with the <a href="/wiki/Forestry_Commission" title="Forestry Commission">Forestry Commission</a>, founded <a href="/wiki/Bedgebury_National_Pinetum" title="Bedgebury National Pinetum">Bedgebury National Pinetum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a> in 1923, specialising in growing <a href="/wiki/Pinophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinophyta">conifers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1994, the Castle Howard Arboretum Trust, which runs the <a href="/wiki/The_Yorkshire_Arboretum" title="The Yorkshire Arboretum">Yorkshire Arboretum</a>, was formed as a partnership between Kew and the <a href="/wiki/Castle_Howard" title="Castle Howard">Castle Howard</a> Estate.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019, the organisation had 2,316,699 public visitors at Kew, and 312,813 at Wakehurst.<sup id="cite_ref-ALVA_2019_visitor_numbers_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ALVA_2019_visitor_numbers-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its 326-acre (132 ha) site at Kew has 40 historically important buildings; it became a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a> in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The collections at Kew and Wakehurst include over 27,000 <a href="/wiki/Taxa" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxa">taxa</a> of living plants,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 8.3 million plant and fungal herbarium specimens<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and over 2.4 billion seeds collected from nearly 40,000 species in the Millennium Seed Bank.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Mission"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Mission</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Governance"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Governance</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Kew_Science"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Kew Science</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Scientific_staff"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Scientific staff</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Databases"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Databases</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="#Plants_of_the_World_Online"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Plants of the World Online</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="#International_Plant_Names_Index"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">International Plant Names Index</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"><a href="#Neotropikey"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Neotropikey</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9"><a href="#World_Checklist_of_Selected_Plant_Families"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.4</span> <span class="toctext">World Checklist of Selected Plant Families</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><a href="#World_Checklist_of_Vascular_Plants"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.5</span> <span class="toctext">World Checklist of Vascular Plants</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><a href="#World_Checklist_of_Useful_Plant_Species"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.6</span> <span class="toctext">World Checklist of Useful Plant Species</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Collaborative_projects"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Collaborative projects</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-13"><a href="#The_Plant_List"><span class="tocnumber">3.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">The Plant List</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-14"><a href="#World_Flora_Online"><span class="tocnumber">3.3.2</span> <span class="toctext">World Flora Online</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Sources"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Sources</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Mission">Mission</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Mission" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew states that its mission is to apply scientific discovery and research to fully develop the information about and potential uses of plants and fungi.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A conference held in 1976 by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew was important as it established a co-ordinating body in order to determine which threatened plants are in cultivation and where they are located which played a role in plant conservation.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Governance" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>Kew is governed by a <a href="/wiki/Board_of_directors" title="Board of directors">board of trustees</a> which comprises a chairman and eleven members. Ten members and the chairman are appointed by the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Environment,_Food_and_Rural_Affairs" title="Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs">Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs</a>. <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">His Majesty the King</a> appoints his own trustee on the recommendation of the Secretary of State. </p><p>As of January 2025<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> the Board members are:<sup id="cite_ref-Trustees_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trustees-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Dame <a href="/wiki/Amelia_Fawcett" title="Amelia Fawcett">Amelia Fawcett</a> (Chair)</li> <li>Steve Almond</li> <li>Judith Batchelar</li> <li>Fay Cooke</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Aidan_Gilligan" title="Christopher Aidan Gilligan">Professor Christopher Gilligan</a></li> <li>Professor Ian Graham</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnan_Guru-Murthy" title="Krishnan Guru-Murthy">Krishnan Guru-Murthy</a></li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Paul_Nurse" title="Paul Nurse">Paul Nurse</a></li> <li>Kate Priestman</li> <li>David Richardson</li> <li>John Scanlon</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Kew_Science">Kew Science</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Kew Science" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scientific_staff">Scientific staff</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Scientific staff" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>More than 470 scientists work for the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.<sup id="cite_ref-Science_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Science-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Director of Science is <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Antonelli" title="Alexandre Antonelli">Alexandre Antonelli</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Deputy Directors are Elizabeth Gardner, Paul Kersey and <a href="/wiki/Monique_Simmonds" title="Monique Simmonds">Monique Simmonds</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sciencestaff_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sciencestaff-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kew Science staff include those of the <a href="/wiki/Kew_Madagascar_Conservation_Centre" title="Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre">Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-kew-madagascar_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kew-madagascar-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Databases">Databases</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Databases" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The scientific staff at Kew maintain a variety of plant and fungal data and digital resources, including those listed below.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Plants_of_the_World_Online">Plants of the World Online</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Plants of the World Online" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">Plants of the World Online</a></div> <p>Plants of the World Online is an online database launched in March 2017 as one of nine strategic outputs with the ultimate aim being "to enable users to access information on all the world's known <a href="/wiki/Seed-bearing_plants" class="mw-redirect" title="Seed-bearing plants">seed-bearing plants</a> by 2020". It links <a href="/wiki/Taxonomic" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxonomic">taxonomic</a> data with images from the collection, to provide a single point of access with information on identification, distribution, traits, conservation, molecular phylogenies and uses.<sup id="cite_ref-AboutPOWO_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AboutPOWO-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="International_Plant_Names_Index">International Plant Names Index</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: International Plant Names Index" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">International Plant Names Index</a></div> <p>The International Plant Names Index (IPNI) includes information from the <i><a href="/wiki/Index_Kewensis" title="Index Kewensis">Index Kewensis</a></i>, a project which began in the 19th century to provide an "Index to the Names and Authorities of all known flowering plants and their countries".<sup id="cite_ref-Jackson1893_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jackson1893-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Herbaria" title="Harvard University Herbaria">Harvard University Herbaria</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Australian_National_Herbarium" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian National Herbarium">Australian National Herbarium</a> co-operate with Kew in the IPNI database, which was launched in its present form in 1999 to produce an authoritative source of information on <a href="/wiki/Botanical_nomenclature" title="Botanical nomenclature">botanical nomenclature</a> including publication details of seed plants, <a href="/wiki/Ferns" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferns">ferns</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lycophytes" class="mw-redirect" title="Lycophytes">lycophytes</a>. It is a nomenclatural listing of all published taxonomic plant names including new species, new combinations and new names at rank of <a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">botanical family</a> down to infraspecific. It provides data for other related projects including <a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a> and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (<a href="/wiki/GBIF" class="mw-redirect" title="GBIF">GBIF</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-TurnerGovaerts2019_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TurnerGovaerts2019-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Neotropikey">Neotropikey</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Neotropikey" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Nitropikey is an international project, based at Kew Gardens, on the <a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">flowering plants</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Neotropics" class="mw-redirect" title="Neotropics">Neotropics</a> (tropical South and Central America).<sup id="cite_ref-Neotropikey_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Neotropikey-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bishop_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bishop-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NeotropikeyKew_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NeotropikeyKew-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="World_Checklist_of_Selected_Plant_Families">World Checklist of Selected Plant Families</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/World_Checklist_of_Selected_Plant_Families" title="World Checklist of Selected Plant Families">World Checklist of Selected Plant Families</a></div> <p>The World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) is a register of accepted scientific names and synonyms of 200 selected seed plant families. WCSP is widely used, and most authoritative web resources on plants use it as their basis.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TurnerGovaerts2019_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TurnerGovaerts2019-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="World_Checklist_of_Vascular_Plants">World Checklist of Vascular Plants</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: World Checklist of Vascular Plants" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP) includes all known <a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">vascular plant</a> species (<a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">flowering plants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conifer" title="Conifer">conifers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fern" title="Fern">ferns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clubmosses" class="mw-redirect" title="Clubmosses">clubmosses</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Firmosses" class="mw-redirect" title="Firmosses">firmosses</a>). It is derived from the WCSP and the IPNI and therefore only includes names found in those databases. It is the taxonomic database for Plants of the World Online. Since WCSP includes only selected families, WCVP will seek to complete the process.<sup id="cite_ref-AboutWCVP_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AboutWCVP-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TurnerGovaerts2019_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TurnerGovaerts2019-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-Govaerts-2021_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Govaerts-2021-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="World_Checklist_of_Useful_Plant_Species">World Checklist of Useful Plant Species</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: World Checklist of Useful Plant Species" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The World Checklist of Useful Plant Species lists 40,292 species, including nine non-plant taxa (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Nostoc" title="Nostoc">nostoc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forkweed" class="mw-redirect" title="Forkweed">forkweed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brown_algae" title="Brown algae">brown algae</a>), compiled from multiple pre-existing datasets.<sup id="cite_ref-WCUPS_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WCUPS-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="Is this an ongoing project of Kew Gardens? The work was done by someone at Kew, but the Kew website doesn't return a search result for "World Checklist of Useful Plant Species", which one would expect if it was a project or supported database that warrants mention in this article. (January 2025)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Collaborative_projects">Collaborative projects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Collaborative projects" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Plant_List">The Plant List</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: The Plant List" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/The_Plant_List" title="The Plant List">The Plant List</a></div> <p>Kew also cooperated with the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Botanical_Garden" title="Missouri Botanical Garden">Missouri Botanical Garden</a> and other international bodies in <a href="/wiki/The_Plant_List" title="The Plant List">The Plant List</a> (TPL). Unlike the IPNI, it provides information on which names are currently accepted. The Plant List is an <a href="/wiki/Internet_encyclopedia_project" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet encyclopedia project">Internet encyclopedia project</a> which was launched in 2010 to compile a comprehensive list of <a href="/wiki/Botanical_nomenclature" title="Botanical nomenclature">botanical nomenclature</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Paton2013_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paton2013-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Plant List has records for 1,064,035 scientific names for plant species, representing 350,699 accepted plant species. In addition, the list has records for 642 plant families and 17,020 plant genera. It was last updated in 2013, and was superseded by <a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">World Flora Online</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TPL_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TPL-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WFO_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WFO-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="World_Flora_Online">World Flora Online</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: World Flora Online" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">World Flora Online</a></div> <p>World Flora Online was developed as a successor to The Plant List, in 2012, aiming to include all known plants by 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-WFO_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WFO-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AboutWFO_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AboutWFO-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Issoria_lathonia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Issoria_lathonia.jpg/32px-Issoria_lathonia.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="629" data-file-height="445"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 32px;height: 23px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Issoria_lathonia.jpg/32px-Issoria_lathonia.jpg" data-alt="icon" data-width="32" data-height="23" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Issoria_lathonia.jpg/48px-Issoria_lathonia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Issoria_lathonia.jpg/64px-Issoria_lathonia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biology" title="Portal:Biology">Biology portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:France_Loiret_La_Bussiere_Potager_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/France_Loiret_La_Bussiere_Potager_05.jpg/32px-France_Loiret_La_Bussiere_Potager_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3294" data-file-height="2227"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 32px;height: 22px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/France_Loiret_La_Bussiere_Potager_05.jpg/32px-France_Loiret_La_Bussiere_Potager_05.jpg" data-alt="icon" data-width="32" data-height="22" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/France_Loiret_La_Bussiere_Potager_05.jpg/48px-France_Loiret_La_Bussiere_Potager_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/France_Loiret_La_Bussiere_Potager_05.jpg/64px-France_Loiret_La_Bussiere_Potager_05.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Gardening" title="Portal:Gardening">Gardening portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:France_Loiret_La_Bussiere_Potager_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/France_Loiret_La_Bussiere_Potager_05.jpg/32px-France_Loiret_La_Bussiere_Potager_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3294" data-file-height="2227"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 32px;height: 22px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/France_Loiret_La_Bussiere_Potager_05.jpg/32px-France_Loiret_La_Bussiere_Potager_05.jpg" data-alt="icon" data-width="32" data-height="22" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/France_Loiret_La_Bussiere_Potager_05.jpg/48px-France_Loiret_La_Bussiere_Potager_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/France_Loiret_La_Bussiere_Potager_05.jpg/64px-France_Loiret_La_Bussiere_Potager_05.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Gardens" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Gardens">Gardens portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li>The two main sites of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kew_Gardens" title="Kew Gardens">Kew Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakehurst_Place" title="Wakehurst Place">Wakehurst</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Sussex" title="West Sussex">West Sussex</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Botanists_active_in_Kew_Gardens" title="Category:Botanists active in Kew Gardens">Botanists active at Kew Gardens</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Curtis%27s_Botanical_Magazine" title="Curtis's Botanical Magazine">Curtis's Botanical Magazine</a></i>, an illustrated publication which began in 1787 and is published by <a href="/wiki/Wiley-Blackwell" title="Wiley-Blackwell">Wiley-Blackwell</a> for the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directors_of_the_Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Directors of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Directors of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curators_of_the_Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Curators of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Curators of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GrassBase" title="GrassBase">GrassBase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Plant_Hunt" title="The Great Plant Hunt">The Great Plant Hunt</a>, a primary school science initiative created by Kew Gardens, commissioned and funded by the <a href="/wiki/Wellcome_Trust" title="Wellcome Trust">Wellcome Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dalton_Hooker" title="Joseph Dalton Hooker">Joseph Dalton Hooker</a>, who succeeded his father, <a href="/wiki/William_Jackson_Hooker" title="William Jackson Hooker">William Jackson Hooker</a>, as director in 1865</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Index_Kewensis" title="Index Kewensis">Index Kewensis</a></i>, a massive index of plant names started and maintained by Kew Gardens</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kew_Bulletin" title="Kew Bulletin">Kew Bulletin</a></i>, a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by <a href="/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media" title="Springer Science+Business Media">Springer Science+Business Media</a> on behalf of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kew_Gardens_(Leases)_Act_2019" title="Kew Gardens (Leases) Act 2019">Kew Gardens (Leases) Act 2019</a>, an Act of Parliament relating to the Gardens</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kew_Herbarium" title="Kew Herbarium">Kew Herbarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_Important_Plant_Areas" title="Tropical Important Plant Areas">Tropical Important Plant Areas</a>, a programme in collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Plantlife" title="Plantlife">Plantlife International</a> to identify and protect important plant diversity in tropical countries</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnnual_reports2020-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnnual_reports2020_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnnual_reports2020_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAnnual_reports2020">Annual reports 2020</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MSB_How-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MSB_How_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kew.org/wakehurst/attractions/millennium-seed-bank">"How we work"</a>. <i>Millennium Seed Bank</i>. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Millennium+Seed+Bank&rft.atitle=How+we+work&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kew.org%2Fwakehurst%2Fattractions%2Fmillennium-seed-bank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Botanic+Gardens%2C+Kew" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEngland" class="citation web cs1">England, Forestry Commission. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180816025813/https://www.forestry.gov.uk/forestry/infd-6n4fdx">"History of Bedgebury National Pinetum"</a>. <i>www.forestry.gov.uk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forestry.gov.uk/forestry/infd-6n4fdx">the original</a> on 16 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.forestry.gov.uk&rft.atitle=History+of+Bedgebury+National+Pinetum&rft.aulast=England&rft.aufirst=Forestry+Commission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forestry.gov.uk%2Fforestry%2Finfd-6n4fdx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Botanic+Gardens%2C+Kew" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yorkshirearboretum.org/background/">"Background"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Yorkshire_Arboretum" title="The Yorkshire Arboretum">The Yorkshire Arboretum</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Yorkshire+Arboretum&rft.atitle=Background&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yorkshirearboretum.org%2Fbackground%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Botanic+Gardens%2C+Kew" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ALVA_2019_visitor_numbers-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ALVA_2019_visitor_numbers_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alva.org.uk/details.cfm?p=423">"ALVA – Association of Leading Visitor Attractions"</a>. <i>www.alva.org.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.alva.org.uk&rft.atitle=ALVA+%E2%80%93+Association+of+Leading+Visitor+Attractions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alva.org.uk%2Fdetails.cfm%3Fp%3D423&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Botanic+Gardens%2C+Kew" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/guinnessworldrec00/page/69"><i>Guinness World Records 2011</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a>. 2010. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/guinnessworldrec00/page/69">69</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-904994-57-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-904994-57-2"><bdi>978-1-904994-57-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guinness+World+Records+2011&rft.pages=69&rft.pub=Guinness+World+Records&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-904994-57-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fguinnessworldrec00%2Fpage%2F69&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Botanic+Gardens%2C+Kew" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kew.org/kew-gardens/plants/living-collection">"Living Collections"</a>. <i>Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Royal+Botanic+Gardens%2C+Kew&rft.atitle=Living+Collections&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kew.org%2Fkew-gardens%2Fplants%2Fliving-collection&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Botanic+Gardens%2C+Kew" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatonWillisSmith2018" class="citation web cs1">Paton, Alan; Willis, Kathy; Smith, Rhian (15 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kew.org/read-and-watch/launching-collections-strategy">"Launching the Science Collections Strategy 2018–2028"</a>. <i>Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Allkin, Bob; Black, Nicholas; Cámara-Leret, Rodrigo; Canteiro, Cátia; Carretero, Julia; Eastwood, Ruth; Hargreaves, Serene; Hudson, Alex; Milliken, William; Nesbitt, Mark; Ondo, Ian; Patmore, Kristina; Pironon, Samuel; Turner, Robert; Ulian, Tiziana (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://knb.ecoinformatics.org/knb/d1/mn/v2/object/urn%3Auuid%3Ae576e4b7-845a-422a-8472-b5eb078e08eb">"World Checklist of Useful Plant Species"</a>. <i>The Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5063%2FF1CV4G34">10.5063/F1CV4G34</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Knowledge+Network+for+Biocomplexity&rft.atitle=World+Checklist+of+Useful+Plant+Species&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5063%2FF1CV4G34&rft.aulast=Diazgranados&rft.aufirst=Mauricio&rft.au=Allkin%2C+Bob&rft.au=Black%2C+Nicholas&rft.au=C%C3%A1mara-Leret%2C+Rodrigo&rft.au=Canteiro%2C+C%C3%A1tia&rft.au=Carretero%2C+Julia&rft.au=Eastwood%2C+Ruth&rft.au=Hargreaves%2C+Serene&rft.au=Hudson%2C+Alex&rft.au=Milliken%2C+William&rft.au=Nesbitt%2C+Mark&rft.au=Ondo%2C+Ian&rft.au=Patmore%2C+Kristina&rft.au=Pironon%2C+Samuel&rft.au=Turner%2C+Robert&rft.au=Ulian%2C+Tiziana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fknb.ecoinformatics.org%2Fknb%2Fd1%2Fmn%2Fv2%2Fobject%2Furn%253Auuid%253Ae576e4b7-845a-422a-8472-b5eb078e08eb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Botanic+Gardens%2C+Kew" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paton2013-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Paton2013_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaton2013" class="citation web cs1">Paton, Alan (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kew.org/read-and/watch/new-plant-list-released">"What's in a name? New version of The Plant List released"</a>. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What%27s+in+a+name%3F+New+version+of+The+Plant+List+released&rft.pub=Royal+Botanic+Gardens%2C+Kew&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Paton&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kew.org%2Fread-and%2Fwatch%2Fnew-plant-list-released&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Botanic+Gardens%2C+Kew" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TPL-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TPL_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theplantlist.org">"The Plant List"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Plant_List" title="The Plant List">The Plant List</a></i>. 1.1. September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Plant+List&rft.atitle=The+Plant+List&rft.date=2013-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theplantlist.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Botanic+Gardens%2C+Kew" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WFO-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WFO_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WFO_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldfloraonline.org/">"World Flora Online: An Online Flora of All Known Plants"</a>. <i>The World Flora Online Consortium</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Flora+Online+Consortium&rft.atitle=World+Flora+Online%3A+An+Online+Flora+of+All+Known+Plants&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldfloraonline.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Botanic+Gardens%2C+Kew" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AboutWFO-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AboutWFO_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://about.worldfloraonline.org/who-we-are">"About the World Flora Online Project"</a>. The World Flora Online Consortium<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+the+World+Flora+Online+Project&rft.pub=The+World+Flora+Online+Consortium&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabout.worldfloraonline.org%2Fwho-we-are&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Botanic+Gardens%2C+Kew" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Sources" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnnual_reports2020" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/search/all?keywords=%22Royal+Botanic+Gardens+Kew+annual+report+and+accounts%22&order=relevance">"Royal Botanic Gardens Kew annual report and accounts"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/GOV.UK" class="mw-redirect" title="GOV.UK">GOV.UK</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GOV.UK&rft.atitle=Royal+Botanic+Gardens+Kew+annual+report+and+accounts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fsearch%2Fall%3Fkeywords%3D%2522Royal%2BBotanic%2BGardens%2BKew%2Bannual%2Breport%2Band%2Baccounts%2522%26order%3Drelevance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Botanic+Gardens%2C+Kew" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kew.org">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050213100955/http://www.bbc.co.uk/gardening/tv_and_radio/yearatkew_index.shtml"><i>A Year at Kew</i> – BBC documentary behind the scenes at Kew Gardens</a> (archived 13 February 2005)</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output 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