CINXE.COM

<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en-GB"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>European Commission gives IHM enforcement guidance - Watson Farley & Williams</title><link rel="preload" data-rocket-preload as="image" href="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Cargo-Ship-shutterstock_425535562.jpg" fetchpriority="high"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1"> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="True"> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="320"> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="SKYPE_TOOLBAR" content="SKYPE_TOOLBAR_PARSER_COMPATIBLE"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/images/favicon/apple-icon-57x57.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/images/favicon/apple-icon-60x60.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/images/favicon/apple-icon-72x72.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/images/favicon/apple-icon-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/images/favicon/apple-icon-114x114.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/images/favicon/apple-icon-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/images/favicon/apple-icon-144x144.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/images/favicon/apple-icon-152x152.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/images/favicon/apple-icon-180x180.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/images/favicon/android-icon-36x36.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/images/favicon/android-icon-48x48.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/images/favicon/android-icon-72x72.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/images/favicon/android-icon-96x96.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/images/favicon/android-icon-144x144.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/images/favicon/android-icon-192x192.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/images/favicon/favicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="96x96" href="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/images/favicon/favicon-96x96.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/images/favicon/favicon-16x16.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/images/favicon/manifest.json"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#ffffff"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/images/favicon/ms-icon-70x70.png"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/images/favicon/ms-icon-144x144.png"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/images/favicon/ms-icon-150x150.png"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/images/favicon/ms-icon-310x310.png"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <meta name="referrer" content="no-referrer-when-downgrade"> <style type="text/css"> @font-face{ font-family:"Calibri W06"; src:url("/wp-content/themes/wfw/Fonts/17c31e5c-5784-4ae6-8cec-a6caed2afd3f.woff2") format("woff2"),url("/wp-content/themes/wfw/Fonts/0555dc6b-1bb5-4cdc-8975-756197067e95.woff") format("woff"); font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-display: swap; } @font-face{ font-family:"Calibri W06"; src:url("/wp-content/themes/wfw/Fonts/fdf371b8-1ed3-4c8c-a647-5c57f889f586.woff2") format("woff2"),url("/wp-content/themes/wfw/Fonts/42f91b8c-9815-4407-a659-bd79b1104da2.woff") format("woff"); font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-display: swap; } @font-face{ font-family:"Calibri W06"; src:url("/wp-content/themes/wfw/Fonts/69222be9-c9d5-4171-b3cd-f4c1697d4e75.woff2") format("woff2"),url("/wp-content/themes/wfw/Fonts/ac71c358-4cfa-4488-a823-3d4a086ab35c.woff") format("woff"); font-weight: 700; font-style: normal; font-display: swap; } @font-face{ font-family:"Calibri W06"; src:url("/wp-content/themes/wfw/Fonts/d3a0bdd1-8fef-4e49-a808-6bf63cc5ffd0.woff2") format("woff2"),url("/wp-content/themes/wfw/Fonts/f29d2fec-cc28-4d35-88a0-7c81385c6e79.woff") format("woff"); font-weight: 700; font-style: italic; } @font-face{ font-family:"Futura W01"; src:url("/wp-content/themes/wfw/Fonts/e17c7943-8db2-4470-9e2a-74a8d01f6776.woff2") format("woff2"),url("/wp-content/themes/wfw/Fonts/6c72b0cb-89a1-4da9-8574-9244967bd9d6.woff") format("woff"); font-weight: 500; font-style: normal; font-display: swap; } </style> <script type="text/javascript"> var MTIProjectId='54fe8e95-c4e4-4fc9-99d3-d3c4e67621f9'; (function() { var mtiTracking = document.createElement('script'); mtiTracking.type='text/javascript'; mtiTracking.async='true'; mtiTracking.src='mtiFontTrackingCode.js'; (document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]).appendChild( mtiTracking ); })(); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag() { dataLayer. push(arguments); } gtag("consent", "default", { ad_user_data: "denied", ad_personalization: "denied", ad_storage: "denied", analytics_storage: "denied", functionality_storage: "denied", personalization_storage: "denied", security_storage: "granted", wait_for_update: 500, }); gtag("set", "ads_data_redaction", true); gtag("set", "url_passthrough", true); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> (function (w, d, s, l, i) { w[l] = w[l] || []; w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(), event: 'gtm.js'}); var f = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j = d.createElement(s), dl = l !== 'dataLayer' ? '&l=' + l : ''; j.async = true; j.src = 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=' + i + dl; f.parentNode.insertBefore(j, f); })( window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'GTM-WPBXG42' ); </script> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style>  <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.wfw.com/articles/european-commission-gives-ihm-enforcement-guidance/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_GB" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="European Commission gives IHM enforcement guidance" /> <meta property="og:description" content="This article discusses new guidelines for the enforcement of obligations relating to the IHM requirement of the EU Ship Recycling Regulation for vessels operating in EU waters following concerns that the impact of Covid-19 will mean that many shipowners will not be able to comply by the 31 December 2020 deadline." /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.wfw.com/articles/european-commission-gives-ihm-enforcement-guidance/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Watson Farley & Williams" /> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/watsonfarleywilliams" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2020-11-04T14:27:13+00:00" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2021-04-30T11:14:56+00:00" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Cargo-Ship-shutterstock_425535562.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1282" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="598" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg" /> <meta name="author" content="Richard Strockl" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@WFW_LLP" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@WFW_LLP" /> <meta name="twitter:label1" content="Written by" /> <meta name="twitter:data1" content="Richard Strockl" /> <meta name="twitter:label2" content="Estimated reading time" /> <meta name="twitter:data2" content="1 minute" />  <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//hcaptcha.com' /> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='contact-form-7-css' href='https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/css/styles.css?ver=6.0.3' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wpcf7-redirect-script-frontend-css' href='https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/plugins/wpcf7-redirect/build/css/wpcf7-redirect-frontend.min.css?ver=1.1' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='search-filter-plugin-styles-css' href='https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/plugins/search-filter-pro/public/assets/css/search-filter.min.css?ver=2.5.19' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='tjldesigns-css-main-css' href='https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/style.css?ver=1739353776' media='' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='tjldesigns-css-aos-css' href='https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/js/aos.css?ver=1.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='fancybox-css' href='https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/plugins/easy-fancybox/fancybox/1.5.4/jquery.fancybox.css?ver=1739742302' media='screen' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='tablepress-default-css' href='https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/tablepress-combined.min.css?ver=541' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='tablepress-responsive-tables-css' href='https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/plugins/tablepress-responsive-tables/css/tablepress-responsive.min.css?ver=1.8' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.wfw.com/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://www.wfw.com/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/17678" /><link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://www.wfw.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wfw.com%2Farticles%2Feuropean-commission-gives-ihm-enforcement-guidance%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://www.wfw.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wfw.com%2Farticles%2Feuropean-commission-gives-ihm-enforcement-guidance%2F&format=xml" />  <script type="application/ld+json">[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"WPHeader","url":"https:\/\/www.wfw.com\/articles\/european-commission-gives-ihm-enforcement-guidance\/","headline":"European Commission gives IHM enforcement guidance","description":"This article discusses new guidelines for the enforcement of obligations relating to the IHM requirement of the EU..."},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"WPFooter","url":"https:\/\/www.wfw.com\/articles\/european-commission-gives-ihm-enforcement-guidance\/","headline":"European Commission gives IHM enforcement guidance","description":"This article discusses new guidelines for the enforcement of obligations relating to the IHM requirement of the EU...","copyrightYear":"2020"}]</script>  <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.wfw.com\/articles\/european-commission-gives-ihm-enforcement-guidance\/"},"url":"https:\/\/www.wfw.com\/articles\/european-commission-gives-ihm-enforcement-guidance\/","headline":"European Commission gives IHM enforcement guidance","datePublished":"2020-11-04T14:27:13+00:00","dateModified":"2021-04-30T12:14:56+01:00","publisher":{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.wfw.com\/#organization","name":"Watson Farley & Williams","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/dev2.wfw.temporarywebsiteaddress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/logo-wfw.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wfw.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Cargo-Ship-shutterstock_425535562.jpg","width":1282,"height":598},"articleSection":"Article","description":"This article discusses new guidelines for the enforcement of obligations relating to the IHM requirement of the EU Ship Recycling Regulation for vessels operating in EU waters following concerns that the impact of Covid-19 will mean that many shipowners will not be able to comply by the 31 December 2020 deadline. ","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Richard Strockl","url":"https:\/\/www.wfw.com\/author\/richard-strockl\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/b44de9a9da43313a429d6a96ac31867c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}}}</script> <style> .h-captcha{position:relative;display:block;margin-bottom:2rem;padding:0;clear:both}.h-captcha[data-size="normal"]{width:303px;height:78px}.h-captcha[data-size="compact"]{width:164px;height:144px}.h-captcha[data-size="invisible"]{display:none}.h-captcha::before{content:'';display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;background:url(https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/plugins/hcaptcha-for-forms-and-more/assets/images/hcaptcha-div-logo.svg) no-repeat;border:1px solid #fff0;border-radius:4px}.h-captcha[data-size="normal"]::before{width:300px;height:74px;background-position:94% 28%}.h-captcha[data-size="compact"]::before{width:156px;height:136px;background-position:50% 79%}.h-captcha[data-theme="light"]::before,body.is-light-theme .h-captcha[data-theme="auto"]::before,.h-captcha[data-theme="auto"]::before{background-color:#fafafa;border:1px solid #e0e0e0}.h-captcha[data-theme="dark"]::before,body.is-dark-theme .h-captcha[data-theme="auto"]::before,html.wp-dark-mode-active .h-captcha[data-theme="auto"]::before,html.drdt-dark-mode .h-captcha[data-theme="auto"]::before{background-image:url(https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/plugins/hcaptcha-for-forms-and-more/assets/images/hcaptcha-div-logo-white.svg);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-color:#333;border:1px solid #f5f5f5}.h-captcha[data-theme="custom"]::before{background-color:initial}.h-captcha[data-size="invisible"]::before{display:none}.h-captcha iframe{position:relative}div[style*="z-index: 2147483647"] div[style*="border-width: 11px"][style*="position: absolute"][style*="pointer-events: none"]{border-style:none} </style>  <script type="application/ld+json">{ "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 1, "item": { "@id": "https://www.wfw.com", "name": "Home" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 2, "item": { "@id": "https://www.wfw.com/articles/european-commission-gives-ihm-enforcement-guidance/", "name": "European Commission gives IHM enforcement guidance", "image": "https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Cargo-Ship-shutterstock_425535562.jpg" } } ] }</script> <style> span[data-name="hcap-cf7"] .h-captcha{margin-bottom:0}span[data-name="hcap-cf7"]~input[type="submit"],span[data-name="hcap-cf7"]~button[type="submit"]{margin-top:2rem} </style> <style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css"> .page-id-30074 .careers_jobs_holder .searchandfilter > ul > li:last-child { float: none; } .dataTables_paginate a { color: #115e67 !important; } p.custom-indent { text-indent:60px; } .postid-38147 #people_left h1, .postid-43346 #people_left h1 { font: bold 2em/110% 'Calibri W06', Arial, sans-serif; } .postid-38147 #people_right h4 { font-family: 'Calibri W06', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.15em; } @media (max-width: 420px) { .postid-38147 #people_left h1, .postid-43346 #people_left h1 { font-size: 1.3em; } } .careers_2023_banner_bkg { background: transparent !important; } </style> <noscript><style id="rocket-lazyload-nojs-css">.rll-youtube-player, [data-lazy-src]{display:none !important;}</style></noscript> <script type="text/plain" data-cookieconsent="statistics"> (function(c,l,a,r,i,t,y){ c[a]=c[a]||function(){(c[a].q=c[a].q||[]).push(arguments)}; t=l.createElement(r);t.async=1;t.src="https://www.clarity.ms/tag/"+i; y=l.getElementsByTagName(r)[0];y.parentNode.insertBefore(t,y); })(window, document, "clarity", "script", "cq3cwbyorb"); </script>  <script type="text/javascript">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-WPBXG42');</script>  <script type="text/plain" data-cookieconsent="marketing">!function(r){var i=document.createElement("img");i.setAttribute("src","//wfw.vuture.net/security/tracker.gif?referer="+encodeURIComponent(r))}(document.referrer);</script> <meta name="generator" content="WP Rocket 3.18" data-wpr-features="wpr_minify_js wpr_lazyload_images wpr_lazyload_iframes wpr_oci wpr_image_dimensions wpr_desktop wpr_preload_links" /></head> <body data-rsssl=1 class="post-template-default single single-post postid-17678 single-format-standard european-commission-gives-ihm-enforcement-guidance">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-WPBXG42" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <div id="mc-overall-wrapper"> <header id="header_main" role="banner"> <a href="#" id="menu-expertise" class="menu-icon">Expertise</a> <a href="#" id="menu-main" class="menu-icon">Menu</a> <a href="https://www.wfw.com/" id="logo_wfw">Watson Farley & Williams</a> <form name="search_form" role="search" method="get" class="search_form" action="/search/" autocomplete="off"> <input type="text" class="search_form_text" name="_sf_s" placeholder="Search" id="input_keyword"> <input type="submit" value="Search" class="search_form_submit"> </form> </header> <div id="menu_hide_content"> <section role="main" class="clearfix"> <div id="insights_single_wrapper"> <p class="insights_back insights_back_mobile"><a href="/insights/">< Back to insights hub </a></p> <div class="container clearfix" id="post_container_sticky"> <div class="post_left"> <div class="post_banner clearfix" style="background-image: url(https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Cargo-Ship-shutterstock_425535562.jpg);" data-aos="fade-up"><div class="post_banner_info"><span class="header_tiny">Article</span><h1 class="h3_styler">European Commission gives IHM enforcement guidance<span>4 November 2020</span></h1></div></div> <div class="clearfix"> <div class="post_content post_content_blank"> <div class="post_wysiwyg"> <h5>On 30 June 2020, we published an <a href="https://www.wfw.com/articles/the-eu-ship-recycling-regulation-completing-your-ihm-during-covid-19/">article</a> discussing the additional difficulties the Covid-19 pandemic presented for shipowners in meeting the 31 December 2020 deadline for IHM compliance under the EU Ship Recycling Regulation (“EUSRR”).</h5> </div> </div> <div class="post_page_builder clearfix post_page_builder_move"> <div class="container clearfix"><div class="post_left"><div class="clearfix"><div class="post_content_quote post_content_quote_left post_content_quote_colour_blue"><p class="h3_styler">"There has been substantial industry lobbying of the EU Commission for an extension to the deadline for compliance to allow for the unprecedented delays caused by Covid-19."</p></div><div class="post_content post_wysiwyg post_content_press_right"><p>We referred to anecdotal evidence suggesting there are approximately 35,000 vessels that will be required to comply with the EUSRR by 31 December 2020, a third of which had not yet begun the work required to prepare and have certified an IHM. As a result, there has been substantial industry lobbying of the EU Commission for an extension to the deadline for compliance to allow for the unprecedented delays caused by Covid-19.</p> <p>On 20 October 2020, the EU Commission (the “Commission”) issued a notice¹ setting out guidelines on the enforcement of obligations under the EUSRR relating to the IHM requirement for vessels operating in EU waters (the “Guidelines”). These propose a “harmonised approach temporarily for a limited period of six months after the entry into application of the IHM-related obligations for existing EU-flagged vessels and non-EU-flagged vessels calling at EU ports (i.e. until 30 June 2021)”.</p> <h4><strong>EU Commission Response</strong></h4> <p>Acknowledging the challenges presented by the Covid-19 pandemic, the Guidelines state that “…<em>it may be necessary to take into account the exceptional circumstances linked to the Covid-19 crisis in the enforcement of those obligations by Member States, where those circumstances create situations where the compliance with these obligations is temporarily not possible, or excessively difficult…</em>” while reinforcing the “basic principle” that primary responsibility in relation to compliance with the IHM requirements of the EUSRR lies with the shipowner and monitoring compliance with these legal obligations is the responsibility of the EU Port State authorities.</p> <p>Member States are asked to “carefully assess” the specific circumstances of each shipowner, taking account of the length of time between the EUSRR coming into force and the IHM deadline, and the extent to which that seven-year period was utilised by the shipowner to prepare to comply with those obligations. The obligation is thus squarely placed on shipowners to ensure that they have done everything possible to comply with the EUSRR prior to the 31 December 2020 deadline.</p> </div></div></div></div><div class="container clearfix"><div class="post_left"><div class="clearfix"><div class="post_content_quote post_content_quote_left post_content_quote_colour_white"><p class="h3_styler">"The obligation is on shipowners to ensure they have done everything possible to comply prior to the 31 December deadline."</p></div><div class="post_content post_wysiwyg post_content_press_right"><p>The EU Commission Guidelines set out two distinct scenarios where compliance with the EUSRR may not be possible.</p> <p><em>1. Vessels without a valid IHM and/or accompanying certificate</em></p> <p style="padding-left: 40px;"><em>a) </em>The owner/master is required to provide evidence that all possible measures were taken to undertake the work and get the certification required, which will be considered by a Port State Control inspector and determined on a case-by-case basis as to whether that evidence is acceptable;</p> <p style="padding-left: 40px;">b) In relation to IHMs, if the evidence is accepted, the inspector will specify that the documents are to be completed and approved within four months after the inspection; and</p> <p style="padding-left: 40px;">c) In relation to a Ready for Recycling Certification, as this is only valid for three months it should be completed and approved at the earliest possible opportunity prior to the vessel undertaking its last voyage.</p> <p><em>2. Vessels with a semi-completed IHM with an associated approved Inventory Certificate or Ready for Recycling Certificate (for EU-flagged ships) or the Statement of Compliance (for non-EU-Flagged ships), that does not contain on-board (either targeted or random) sampling</em></p> <p style="padding-left: 40px;">a) Where a certificate is based on an IHM without the on-board sampling element, the IHM should in principle not be acceptable as it is not complete, however, a remote survey/sampling could be accepted if there is evidence that the Flag State has agreed to this. The owner/master will need to ensure all plans/arrangements indicating when it will be feasible for qualified samplers to complete the IHM are kept onboard which will be considered by a Port State Control inspector and determined, on a case-by-case basis, as to whether that evidence is acceptable;</p> <p style="padding-left: 40px;">b) In relation to IHMs, if the evidence is accepted, the inspector will specify that the IHM should be completed and approved within four months after the inspection; and</p> <p style="padding-left: 40px;">c) In relation to a Ready for Recycling Certification, the owner/master of the vessel will be warned that it is required to complete the IHM and obtain an updated Ready for Recycling Certificate before entering the ship recycling facility.</p> </div></div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="version_desktop"> <div class="post_right"> <p class="insights_back"><a href="/insights/">< Back to insights hub </a></p> <div data-aos="fade-up"><a href="https://subscribe.wfw.com/login/login.aspx" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'click', { 'event_category': 'link','event_label': 'sign up'});" class="post_grey_button">Sign up</a></div> <div class="post_contacts"> <h2 class="h3_styler h3_styler_related h3_styler_mob_cap">Key contacts</h2> <div class="post_contacts_list clearfix"> <div><article class="article_odd"> <div class="post_contacts_flex clearfix"> <a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/nick-walker/" class="post_contacts_list_img"><img width="850" height="574" src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Nick-Walker-1.jpg" alt="Nick Walker"></a> <h3 class="h4_styler"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/nick-walker/">Nick Walker</a></h3> </div> <p class="people_left_stats_job">Partner <span>London</span></p> </article></div> <div><article class="article_even article_last"> <div class="post_contacts_flex clearfix"> <a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/lindsey-keeble/" class="post_contacts_list_img"><img width="850" height="574" src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Lindsey-Keeble-1.jpg" alt="Lindsey Keeble"></a> <h3 class="h4_styler"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/lindsey-keeble/">Lindsey Keeble</a></h3> </div> <p class="people_left_stats_job">Managing Partner <span>London</span></p> </article></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="post_page_builder clearfix"> <div class="container clearfix"><div class="post_right post_content_quote post_content_quote_right post_content_quote_colour_blue"><p class="h3_styler">"The Commission has acknowledged the difficulties arising out of the Covid-19 pandemic but has stopped short of offering the sorts of formal deferrals and derogations seen in other sectors."</p></div><div class="post_left post_left_quote_right"><div class="clearfix"><div class="post_content post_wysiwyg post_content_blank"><h4><strong>Conclusion</strong></h4> <p>The Commission has acknowledged the difficulties arising out of the Covid-19 pandemic in endorsing a six-month harmonised approach for failure to comply with the IHM requirement of the EUSRR but, perhaps in view of the significant time that shipowners had to comply before the pandemic, has stopped short of offering the sorts of formal deferrals and derogations seen in other sectors. It is clear that the Commission does not want this extension to apply automatically, particularly where it is obvious that little, if any, preparation had been done in the period between the EUSRR coming into force and the IHM compliance deadline.</p> <p>As such, the Guidelines clearly place the onus on shipowners to prove they have done everything reasonably practicable to comply. It should also be noted that the Guidelines are non-binding, and that the extent to which a shipowner has tried to meet its obligations is likely to remain a subjective judgment for the individual Port State Control.</p> <p>The Guidelines go some way to addressing the difficulties in compliance caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, but there remains a degree of risk for ship owners, and it would be prudent for those that are not going to meet the 31 December deadline to try and mitigate this risk by preparing documents which set out what steps have been taken to comply with the EUSRR and, where they have not, why they have been unable to do so. WFW would be very happy to assist with this. It is equally important that shipowners remember that the Guidelines are not an exemption from compliance, but a pause in enforcement, so they should continue to take all steps to prepare their IHMs as soon as reasonably practicable to avoid enforcement in the future.</p> <p>Rachael Davidson, a former senior associate in our London office, also contributed to this article.</p> </div></div></div></div><div class="container clearfix"><div class="post_left post_left_content_only"><div class="clearfix"><div class="post_content post_wysiwyg post_content_blank"><p><span class="text-small">[1] EU Commission Notice: “<em>Guidelines on the enforcement of obligations under the EU Ship Recycling Regulation relating to the </em><em>Inventory of Hazardous Materials of vessels operating in European waters</em>” (2020/C 349/01)</span></p> </div></div></div></div> </div> <div class="container clearfix version_mobile contacts_small_shot"> <div class="post_right"> <p class="insights_back"><a href="/insights/">< Back to insights hub </a></p> <div data-aos="fade-up"><a href="https://subscribe.wfw.com/login/login.aspx" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'click', { 'event_category': 'link','event_label': 'sign up'});" class="post_grey_button">Sign up</a></div> <div class="post_contacts"> <h2 class="h3_styler h3_styler_related h3_styler_mob_cap">Key contacts</h2> <div class="post_contacts_list clearfix"> <div><article class="article_odd"> <div class="post_contacts_flex clearfix"> <a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/nick-walker/" class="post_contacts_list_img"><img width="850" height="574" src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Nick-Walker-1.jpg" alt="Nick Walker"></a> <h3 class="h4_styler"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/nick-walker/">Nick Walker</a></h3> </div> <p class="people_left_stats_job">Partner <span>London</span></p> </article></div> <div><article class="article_even article_last"> <div class="post_contacts_flex clearfix"> <a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/lindsey-keeble/" class="post_contacts_list_img"><img width="850" height="574" src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Lindsey-Keeble-1.jpg" alt="Lindsey Keeble"></a> <h3 class="h4_styler"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/lindsey-keeble/">Lindsey Keeble</a></h3> </div> <p class="people_left_stats_job">Managing Partner <span>London</span></p> </article></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container clearfix version_desktopxxxxxxx"><div class="press_right press_right_builder share_builder_move_adjust"><div class="post_share_base"> <div class="pdf_download_post_flex_mobile"><p class="pdf_download_post"><a data-href="/pdf-builder.php?id=17678&type=post" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="button_outline pdf_builder_link">DOWNLOAD PDF <span></span></a></p><div class="post_banner_share"><span class="header_tiny">Share this Page</span><ul class="wfw_share"><li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://www.wfw.com/articles/european-commission-gives-ihm-enforcement-guidance/&title=European Commission gives IHM enforcement guidance&summary=&source=" target="_blank" alt="Share on LinkedIn"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="0 0 32 32" version="1.1" role="img" aria-labelledby="at-svg-linkedin-2" style="fill: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 20px; height: 20px;" class="at-icon at-icon-linkedin"><title id="at-svg-linkedin-2">LinkedIn</title><g><path d="M26 25.963h-4.185v-6.55c0-1.56-.027-3.57-2.175-3.57-2.18 0-2.51 1.7-2.51 3.46v6.66h-4.182V12.495h4.012v1.84h.058c.558-1.058 1.924-2.174 3.96-2.174 4.24 0 5.022 2.79 5.022 6.417v7.386zM8.23 10.655a2.426 2.426 0 0 1 0-4.855 2.427 2.427 0 0 1 0 4.855zm-2.098 1.84h4.19v13.468h-4.19V12.495z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></g></svg></a></li><li><a href="mailto:?subject=European Commission gives IHM enforcement guidance&body=Take a look at this WFW article https://www.wfw.com/articles/european-commission-gives-ihm-enforcement-guidance/" title="Email this page"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="0 0 32 32" version="1.1" role="img" aria-labelledby="at-svg-email-3" style="fill: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 20px; height: 20px;" class="at-icon at-icon-email"><title id="at-svg-email-3">Email</title><g><g fill-rule="evenodd"></g><path d="M27 22.757c0 1.24-.988 2.243-2.19 2.243H7.19C5.98 25 5 23.994 5 22.757V13.67c0-.556.39-.773.855-.496l8.78 5.238c.782.467 1.95.467 2.73 0l8.78-5.238c.472-.28.855-.063.855.495v9.087z"></path><path d="M27 9.243C27 8.006 26.02 7 24.81 7H7.19C5.988 7 5 8.004 5 9.243v.465c0 .554.385 1.232.857 1.514l9.61 5.733c.267.16.8.16 1.067 0l9.61-5.733c.473-.283.856-.96.856-1.514v-.465z"></path></g></svg></a></li><li><a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=https://www.wfw.com/articles/european-commission-gives-ihm-enforcement-guidance/" title="Share on X (Twitter)" target="_blank"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2030%2030'%3E%3C/svg%3E" width="30" height="30" alt="X" data-lazy-src="/wp-content/themes/wfw/images/x.svg"><noscript><img src="/wp-content/themes/wfw/images/x.svg" width="30" height="30" alt="X"></noscript></a></li></ul></div></div> <div class="insights_buttons_gap"></div> </div></div></div><div class="mobile_gap version_mobile"></div> <div id="home_insights" class="home_insights_archive"> <div class="container clearfix"> <h2>Related insights</h2> <ol><li class="article_1"><div class="home_features_col"><article><div class="home_features_col_img"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/events/maritime-insights-dubai/"><img width="2671" height="1246" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%202671%201246'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" data-lazy-src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Campaign-Maritime-Insights-Breakfast-Series-2025-Insights-Crop.jpg"><noscript><img width="2671" height="1246" src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Campaign-Maritime-Insights-Breakfast-Series-2025-Insights-Crop.jpg" alt=""></noscript></a></div><span class="header_tiny header_tiny_type">Event</span><h3 class="h3_styler"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/events/maritime-insights-dubai/">Maritime Insights – Dubai</a></h3></article></div></li><li class="article_2"><div class="home_features_col"><article><div class="home_features_col_img"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/press/wfw-advises-lenders-on-120-mw-solar-portfolio-financing/"><img width="1282" height="598" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%201282%20598'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" data-lazy-src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/NEW-Solar_shutterstock_595647134.jpg"><noscript><img width="1282" height="598" src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/NEW-Solar_shutterstock_595647134.jpg" alt=""></noscript></a></div><span class="header_tiny header_tiny_type">Press</span><h3 class="h3_styler"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/press/wfw-advises-lenders-on-120-mw-solar-portfolio-financing/">WFW advises lenders on 120 MW solar portfolio financing</a></h3></article></div></li><li class="article_3"><div class="home_features_col"><article><div class="home_features_col_img"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/press/wfw-and-hogan-lovells-advise-on-us1-5bn-hapag-lloyd-green-ship-financings/"><img width="1282" height="598" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%201282%20598'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" data-lazy-src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Containers-shutterstock_721476064-1.jpg"><noscript><img width="1282" height="598" src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Containers-shutterstock_721476064-1.jpg" alt=""></noscript></a></div><span class="header_tiny header_tiny_type">Press</span><h3 class="h3_styler"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/press/wfw-and-hogan-lovells-advise-on-us1-5bn-hapag-lloyd-green-ship-financings/">WFW and Hogan Lovells advise on US$1.5bn+ Hapag-Lloyd green ship financings</a></h3></article></div></li></ol> </div> </div> <div id="post_linkedin"> <div class="container container_capped clearfix"> <h2>Follow us on</h2> <ul class="social_list"><li class="social_list_linkedin"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/watson-farley-&-williams/" target="_blank">LinkedIn</a></li><li class="social_list_x"><a href="https://twitter.com/WFW_LLP" target="_blank">X (Twitter)</a></li><li class="social_list_youtube"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/@WFW_LLP" target="_blank">YouTube</a></li><li class="social_list_wechat"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/wechat/" target="_blank">WeChat</a></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> </section> <footer role="contentinfo" id="site_footer"> <div class="container clearfix"> <ul class="social_list"><li class="social_list_linkedin"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/watson-farley-&-williams/" target="_blank">LinkedIn</a></li><li class="social_list_twitter"><a href="https://twitter.com/WFW_LLP" target="_blank">X (Twitter)</a></li><li class="social_list_youtube"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/@WFW_LLP" target="_blank">YouTube</a></li><li class="social_list_wechat"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/wechat/" target="_blank">WeChat</a></li></ul> <nav role="navigation" id="footer_menu"> <ul id="menu-footer-menu" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-159" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-159"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/accessibility-compliance/">Accessibility / compliance</a></li> <li id="menu-item-160" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-160"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/privacy/">Privacy notice</a></li> <li id="menu-item-161" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-161"><a target="_blank" href="https://subscribe.wfw.com/login/login.aspx">Email preference</a></li> <li id="menu-item-162" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-162"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/legal-and-regulatory/">Legal and regulatory</a></li> <li id="menu-item-163" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-163"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/slavery-and-human-trafficking/">Modern Slavery and Human Trafficking</a></li> <li id="menu-item-164" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-164"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/email-hoax/">Email hoax</a></li> <li id="menu-item-166" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-166"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/cookie-policy/">Cookie policy</a></li> </ul> </nav> <small>© Watson Farley & Williams LLP 2025 <span>Registered office:<br> 15 Appold Street, London, EC2A 2HB, UK. This website constitutes attorney advertising.</span></small> </div> </footer> </div><div class="tjl-overflow-fix"> <div id="menu-main-reveal"> <div class="container clearfix" id="menu-main-reveal-left"> <div id="search_form_mobile"> <form name="search_form" role="search" method="get" class="search_form" action="/search/" autocomplete="off"> <input type="text" class="search_form_text" name="_sf_s" placeholder="Search" id="input_keyword" required> <input type="submit" value="Search" class="search_form_submit"> </form> </div> <div id="menu-main-reveal-left-primary"> <nav role="navigation"> <ul id="menu-main-menu-primary" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-39255" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-39255"><a href="/people/">People</a></li> <li id="menu-item-39256" class="menu_open menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-39256"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/about-us/">About Us</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-39314" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-39314"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/about-us/">Overview</a></li> <li id="menu-item-43947" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-43947"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/about-us/responsible-business/">Responsible Business</a></li> <li id="menu-item-43398" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-43398"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/about-us/responsible-business/diversity-and-inclusion/">Diversity and Inclusion</a></li> <li id="menu-item-43946" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-43946"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/about-us/responsible-business/sustainability/">Sustainability</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-39260" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-39260"><a href="/locations/">Locations</a></li> <li id="menu-item-39261" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-39261"><a href="/careers/">Careers</a></li> <li id="menu-item-39262" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-39262"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/contact/">Contact Us</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div id="menu-main-reveal-left-secondary"> <nav role="navigation"> <ul id="menu-main-menu-secondary" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-39242" class="menu_open menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-39242"><a>Featured</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-39243" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-39243"><a href="/gari">Global Aviation Resource Index (GARI)</a></li> <li id="menu-item-39244" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-39244"><a href="/podcast/countdown-to-cop-financing-and-fuelling-the-future/">COP28 PODCAST SERIES</a></li> <li id="menu-item-39245" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-39245"><a href="/reports/the-sustainability-imperative-part-2/">THE SUSTAINABILITY IMPERATIVE</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-39246" class="menu_open menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-39246"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/insights/">Insights</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-39247" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-39247"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/insights/">All Insights</a></li> <li id="menu-item-39248" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-39248"><a href="/insights/?_sft_category=articles">Articles</a></li> <li id="menu-item-39249" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-39249"><a href="/insights/?_sft_category=awards">Awards</a></li> <li id="menu-item-39250" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-39250"><a href="/insights/?_sft_category=events">Events</a></li> <li id="menu-item-39251" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-39251"><a href="/insights/?_sft_category=infocus">Infocus</a></li> <li id="menu-item-39252" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-39252"><a href="/insights/?_sft_category=podcast">Podcasts</a></li> <li id="menu-item-39253" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-39253"><a href="/insights/?_sft_category=press">Press</a></li> <li id="menu-item-39254" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-39254"><a href="/insights/?_sft_category=reports">Reports</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <ul class="social_list"><li class="social_list_linkedin"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/watson-farley-&-williams/" target="_blank">LinkedIn</a></li><li class="social_list_twitter"><a href="https://twitter.com/WFW_LLP" target="_blank">X (Twitter)</a></li><li class="social_list_youtube"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/@WFW_LLP" target="_blank">YouTube</a></li><li class="social_list_wechat"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/wechat/" target="_blank">WeChat</a></li></ul> </div> </div> <div id="menu-expertise-reveal"> <div class="container clearfix" id="menu-expertise-col-holder"> <div class="menu-expertise-col"> <h2>Sectors</h2> <nav role="navigation"> <ul class="menu-expertise-parent"> <li class="page_item page-item-785 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/sectors/energy/">Energy</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-44118"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/sectors/energy/commodities-international-trade/">Commodities and International Trade</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-797"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/sectors/energy/mining/">Mining</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-833"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/sectors/energy/oil-and-gas/">Oil and Gas</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-835"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/sectors/energy/power-renewables/">Power and Renewables</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-3936"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/sectors/infrastructure/">Infrastructure</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-783 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/sectors/transport/">Transport</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-44104 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/sectors/transport/aviation-and-aerospace/">Aviation and Aerospace</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-791 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/sectors/transport/maritime/">Maritime</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-793"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/sectors/transport/rail/">Rail</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="menu-expertise-col"> <h2>Services</h2> <nav role="navigation"> <ul class="menu-expertise-parent"> <li class="page_item page-item-801 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/capital-markets/">Capital Markets</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-3303"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/capital-markets/corporate-trust-agency/">Corporate Trust and Agency</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-3305"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/capital-markets/debt-capital-markets/">Debt Capital Markets</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-35239"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/capital-markets/derivatives/">Derivatives</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-3307"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/capital-markets/equity-capital-markets/">Equity Capital Markets</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-3300"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/capital-markets/structured-finance/">Structured Finance</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-837 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/construction/">Construction</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-3868"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/construction/planning/">Planning</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-1649 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/corporate/">Corporate and M&A</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-10800"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/corporate/corporate-and-acquisition-finance/">Corporate and Acquisition Finance</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-3874"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/corporate/joint-ventures/">Joint ventures and strategic alliances</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-3872"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/corporate/mergers-and-acquisitions/">Mergers and Acquisitions</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-839 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/dispute-resolution/">Dispute Resolution</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-38113"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/dispute-resolution/aviation-and-aerospace-dispute-resolution/">Aviation and Aerospace Dispute Resolution</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-38454"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/dispute-resolution/energy-dispute-resolution/">Energy Dispute Resolution</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-38127"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/dispute-resolution/infrastructure-dispute-resolution/">Infrastructure <br>Dispute Resolution</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-38130"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/dispute-resolution/international-arbitration/">International <br>Arbitration</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-38133"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/dispute-resolution/maritime-dispute-resolution/">Maritime Dispute Resolution</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-38135 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/dispute-resolution/public-international-law/">Public International Law</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-841"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/employment/">Employment</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-799 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/finance/">Finance</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-2257"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/finance/asset-finance/">Asset Finance and Leasing</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-2262"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/finance/eca-finance/">ECA Finance</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-3311"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/finance/islamic-finance/">Islamic Finance</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-3870"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/finance/project-finance/">Project Finance</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-3290"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/finance/real-estate-finance/">Real Estate Finance</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-845"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/private-equity/">Private Equity</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-3916"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/public-law/">Public Law</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-787 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/real-estate/">Real Estate</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-2965"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/real-estate/hotels-hospitality/">Hotels and Hospitality</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-2957"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/real-estate/real-estate-disputes/">Real Estate Disputes</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-847 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/regulatory-competition/">Regulatory and Competition</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-3926"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/regulatory-competition/environment-health-safety/">Environment, Health and Safety</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-3912"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/regulatory-competition/eu-competition/">EU and Competition</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-35242"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/regulatory-competition/financial-services-regulation/">Financial Services Regulation</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-3914"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/regulatory-competition/regulatory/">Regulatory</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-3929"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/restructuring-insolvency/">Restructuring and Insolvency</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-849"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/tax/">Tax</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class='asp_hidden_data' id="asp_hidden_data" style="display: none !important;"> <svg style="position:absolute" height="0" width="0"> <filter id="aspblur"> <feGaussianBlur in="SourceGraphic" stdDeviation="4"/> </filter> </svg> <svg style="position:absolute" height="0" width="0"> <filter id="no_aspblur"></filter> </svg> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-includes/js/dist/hooks.min.js?ver=4d63a3d491d11ffd8ac6" id="wp-hooks-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-includes/js/dist/i18n.min.js?ver=5e580eb46a90c2b997e6" id="wp-i18n-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wp-i18n-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } ); /* ]]> */ </script> <script data-minify="1" type="text/javascript" src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/swv/js/index.js?ver=1739541523" id="swv-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="contact-form-7-js-before"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wpcf7 = { "api": { "root": "https:\/\/www.wfw.com\/wp-json\/", "namespace": "contact-form-7\/v1" }, "cached": 1 }; /* ]]> */ </script> <script data-minify="1" type="text/javascript" src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/js/index.js?ver=1739541523" id="contact-form-7-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wpcf7-redirect-script-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wpcf7r = {"ajax_url":"https:\/\/www.wfw.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script data-minify="1" type="text/javascript" src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/wpcf7-redirect/build/js/wpcf7r-fe.js?ver=1739541523" id="wpcf7-redirect-script-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="rocket-browser-checker-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ "use strict";var _createClass=function(){function defineProperties(target,props){for(var i=0;i<props.length;i++){var descriptor=props[i];descriptor.enumerable=descriptor.enumerable||!1,descriptor.configurable=!0,"value"in descriptor&&(descriptor.writable=!0),Object.defineProperty(target,descriptor.key,descriptor)}}return function(Constructor,protoProps,staticProps){return protoProps&&defineProperties(Constructor.prototype,protoProps),staticProps&&defineProperties(Constructor,staticProps),Constructor}}();function _classCallCheck(instance,Constructor){if(!(instance instanceof Constructor))throw new TypeError("Cannot call a class as a function")}var RocketBrowserCompatibilityChecker=function(){function RocketBrowserCompatibilityChecker(options){_classCallCheck(this,RocketBrowserCompatibilityChecker),this.passiveSupported=!1,this._checkPassiveOption(this),this.options=!!this.passiveSupported&&options}return _createClass(RocketBrowserCompatibilityChecker,[{key:"_checkPassiveOption",value:function(self){try{var options={get passive(){return!(self.passiveSupported=!0)}};window.addEventListener("test",null,options),window.removeEventListener("test",null,options)}catch(err){self.passiveSupported=!1}}},{key:"initRequestIdleCallback",value:function(){!1 in window&&(window.requestIdleCallback=function(cb){var start=Date.now();return setTimeout(function(){cb({didTimeout:!1,timeRemaining:function(){return Math.max(0,50-(Date.now()-start))}})},1)}),!1 in window&&(window.cancelIdleCallback=function(id){return clearTimeout(id)})}},{key:"isDataSaverModeOn",value:function(){return"connection"in navigator&&!0===navigator.connection.saveData}},{key:"supportsLinkPrefetch",value:function(){var elem=document.createElement("link");return elem.relList&&elem.relList.supports&&elem.relList.supports("prefetch")&&window.IntersectionObserver&&"isIntersecting"in IntersectionObserverEntry.prototype}},{key:"isSlowConnection",value:function(){return"connection"in navigator&&"effectiveType"in navigator.connection&&("2g"===navigator.connection.effectiveType||"slow-2g"===navigator.connection.effectiveType)}}]),RocketBrowserCompatibilityChecker}(); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="rocket-preload-links-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var RocketPreloadLinksConfig = {"excludeUris":"\/(?:.+\/)?feed(?:\/(?:.+\/?)?)?$|\/(?:.+\/)?embed\/|\/(index.php\/)?(.*)wp-json(\/.*|$)|\/refer\/|\/go\/|\/recommend\/|\/recommends\/","usesTrailingSlash":"1","imageExt":"jpg|jpeg|gif|png|tiff|bmp|webp|avif|pdf|doc|docx|xls|xlsx|php","fileExt":"jpg|jpeg|gif|png|tiff|bmp|webp|avif|pdf|doc|docx|xls|xlsx|php|html|htm","siteUrl":"https:\/\/www.wfw.com","onHoverDelay":"100","rateThrottle":"3"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="rocket-preload-links-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ (function() { "use strict";var r="function"==typeof Symbol&&"symbol"==typeof Symbol.iterator?function(e){return typeof e}:function(e){return e&&"function"==typeof Symbol&&e.constructor===Symbol&&e!==Symbol.prototype?"symbol":typeof e},e=function(){function i(e,t){for(var n=0;n<t.length;n++){var i=t[n];i.enumerable=i.enumerable||!1,i.configurable=!0,"value"in i&&(i.writable=!0),Object.defineProperty(e,i.key,i)}}return function(e,t,n){return t&&i(e.prototype,t),n&&i(e,n),e}}();function i(e,t){if(!(e instanceof t))throw new TypeError("Cannot call a class as a function")}var t=function(){function n(e,t){i(this,n),this.browser=e,this.config=t,this.options=this.browser.options,this.prefetched=new Set,this.eventTime=null,this.threshold=1111,this.numOnHover=0}return e(n,[{key:"init",value:function(){!this.browser.supportsLinkPrefetch()||this.browser.isDataSaverModeOn()||this.browser.isSlowConnection()||(this.regex={excludeUris:RegExp(this.config.excludeUris,"i"),images:RegExp(".("+this.config.imageExt+")$","i"),fileExt:RegExp(".("+this.config.fileExt+")$","i")},this._initListeners(this))}},{key:"_initListeners",value:function(e){-1<this.config.onHoverDelay&&document.addEventListener("mouseover",e.listener.bind(e),e.listenerOptions),document.addEventListener("mousedown",e.listener.bind(e),e.listenerOptions),document.addEventListener("touchstart",e.listener.bind(e),e.listenerOptions)}},{key:"listener",value:function(e){var t=e.target.closest("a"),n=this._prepareUrl(t);if(null!==n)switch(e.type){case"mousedown":case"touchstart":this._addPrefetchLink(n);break;case"mouseover":this._earlyPrefetch(t,n,"mouseout")}}},{key:"_earlyPrefetch",value:function(t,e,n){var i=this,r=setTimeout(function(){if(r=null,0===i.numOnHover)setTimeout(function(){return i.numOnHover=0},1e3);else if(i.numOnHover>i.config.rateThrottle)return;i.numOnHover++,i._addPrefetchLink(e)},this.config.onHoverDelay);t.addEventListener(n,function e(){t.removeEventListener(n,e,{passive:!0}),null!==r&&(clearTimeout(r),r=null)},{passive:!0})}},{key:"_addPrefetchLink",value:function(i){return this.prefetched.add(i.href),new Promise(function(e,t){var n=document.createElement("link");n.rel="prefetch",n.href=i.href,n.onload=e,n.onerror=t,document.head.appendChild(n)}).catch(function(){})}},{key:"_prepareUrl",value:function(e){if(null===e||"object"!==(void 0===e?"undefined":r(e))||!1 in e||-1===["http:","https:"].indexOf(e.protocol))return null;var t=e.href.substring(0,this.config.siteUrl.length),n=this._getPathname(e.href,t),i={original:e.href,protocol:e.protocol,origin:t,pathname:n,href:t+n};return this._isLinkOk(i)?i:null}},{key:"_getPathname",value:function(e,t){var n=t?e.substring(this.config.siteUrl.length):e;return n.startsWith("/")||(n="/"+n),this._shouldAddTrailingSlash(n)?n+"/":n}},{key:"_shouldAddTrailingSlash",value:function(e){return this.config.usesTrailingSlash&&!e.endsWith("/")&&!this.regex.fileExt.test(e)}},{key:"_isLinkOk",value:function(e){return null!==e&&"object"===(void 0===e?"undefined":r(e))&&(!this.prefetched.has(e.href)&&e.origin===this.config.siteUrl&&-1===e.href.indexOf("?")&&-1===e.href.indexOf("#")&&!this.regex.excludeUris.test(e.href)&&!this.regex.images.test(e.href))}}],[{key:"run",value:function(){"undefined"!=typeof RocketPreloadLinksConfig&&new n(new RocketBrowserCompatibilityChecker({capture:!0,passive:!0}),RocketPreloadLinksConfig).init()}}]),n}();t.run(); }()); /* ]]> */ </script> <script data-minify="1" type="text/javascript" src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/themes/wfw/js/modernizr.js?ver=1739541523" id="tjldesigns-script-modernizr-js"></script> <script data-minify="1" type="text/javascript" src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/themes/wfw/js/jquery.sticky.js?ver=1739541523" id="tjldesigns-script-jquery-ui-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/js/slick.min.js?ver=1.6.0" id="tjldesigns-script-slick-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/js/masonry.pkgd.min.js?ver=4.2.1" id="tjldesigns-script-masonry-js"></script> <script data-minify="1" type="text/javascript" src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/themes/wfw/js/jquery.waypoints.js?ver=1739541523" id="tjldesigns-script-waypoint-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/js/jquery.counterup.min.js?ver=1.0" id="tjldesigns-script-counterup-js"></script> <script data-minify="1" type="text/javascript" src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/themes/wfw/js/aos.js?ver=1739541523" id="tjldesigns-script-aos-js"></script> <script data-minify="1" type="text/javascript" src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/themes/wfw/js/main.js?ver=1739541523" id="tjldesigns-script-main-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/plugins/easy-fancybox/vendor/purify.min.js?ver=1739742302" id="fancybox-purify-js"></script> <script data-minify="1" type="text/javascript" src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/easy-fancybox/fancybox/1.5.4/jquery.fancybox.js?ver=1739541523" id="jquery-fancybox-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jquery-fancybox-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var fb_timeout, fb_opts={'autoScale':true,'showCloseButton':true,'margin':20,'pixelRatio':'false','padding':0,'centerOnScroll':false,'enableEscapeButton':true,'overlayShow':true,'hideOnOverlayClick':true,'overlayColor':'#182E44','overlayOpacity':0.9,'minVpHeight':320,'disableCoreLightbox':'true','enableBlockControls':'true','fancybox_openBlockControls':'true' }; if(typeof easy_fancybox_handler==='undefined'){ var easy_fancybox_handler=function(){ jQuery([".nolightbox","a.wp-block-file__button","a.pin-it-button","a[href*='pinterest.com\/pin\/create']","a[href*='facebook.com\/share']","a[href*='twitter.com\/share']"].join(',')).addClass('nofancybox'); jQuery('a.fancybox-close').on('click',function(e){e.preventDefault();jQuery.fancybox.close()}); /* IMG */ var unlinkedImageBlocks=jQuery(".wp-block-image > img:not(.nofancybox,figure.nofancybox>img)"); unlinkedImageBlocks.wrap(function() { var href = jQuery( this ).attr( "src" ); return "<a href='" + href + "'></a>"; }); var fb_IMG_select=jQuery('a[href*=".jpg" i]:not(.nofancybox,li.nofancybox>a,figure.nofancybox>a),area[href*=".jpg" i]:not(.nofancybox),a[href*=".jpeg" i]:not(.nofancybox,li.nofancybox>a,figure.nofancybox>a),area[href*=".jpeg" i]:not(.nofancybox),a[href*=".png" i]:not(.nofancybox,li.nofancybox>a,figure.nofancybox>a),area[href*=".png" i]:not(.nofancybox),a[href*=".webp" i]:not(.nofancybox,li.nofancybox>a,figure.nofancybox>a),area[href*=".webp" i]:not(.nofancybox)'); fb_IMG_select.addClass('fancybox image'); var fb_IMG_sections=jQuery('.gallery,.wp-block-gallery,.tiled-gallery,.wp-block-jetpack-tiled-gallery,.ngg-galleryoverview,.ngg-imagebrowser,.nextgen_pro_blog_gallery,.nextgen_pro_film,.nextgen_pro_horizontal_filmstrip,.ngg-pro-masonry-wrapper,.ngg-pro-mosaic-container,.nextgen_pro_sidescroll,.nextgen_pro_slideshow,.nextgen_pro_thumbnail_grid,.tiled-gallery'); fb_IMG_sections.each(function(){jQuery(this).find(fb_IMG_select).attr('rel','gallery-'+fb_IMG_sections.index(this));}); jQuery('a.fancybox,area.fancybox,.fancybox>a').each(function(){jQuery(this).fancybox(jQuery.extend(true,{},fb_opts,{'transition':'elastic','transitionIn':'elastic','easingIn':'easeOutBack','transitionOut':'elastic','easingOut':'easeInBack','opacity':false,'hideOnContentClick':false,'titleShow':false,'titlePosition':'over','titleFromAlt':false,'showNavArrows':false,'enableKeyboardNav':false,'cyclic':false,'mouseWheel':'false'}))}); /* Inline */ jQuery('a.fancybox-inline,area.fancybox-inline,.fancybox-inline>a').each(function(){jQuery(this).fancybox(jQuery.extend(true,{},fb_opts,{'type':'inline','autoDimensions':true,'scrolling':'no','easingIn':'easeOutBack','easingOut':'easeInBack','opacity':false,'hideOnContentClick':false,'titleShow':false}))}); /* YouTube */ jQuery('a[href*="youtu.be/" i],area[href*="youtu.be/" i],a[href*="youtube.com/" i],area[href*="youtube.com/" i]' ).filter(function(){return this.href.match(/\/(?:youtu\.be|watch\?|embed\/)/);}).not('.nofancybox,li.nofancybox>a').addClass('fancybox-youtube'); jQuery('a.fancybox-youtube,area.fancybox-youtube,.fancybox-youtube>a').each(function(){jQuery(this).fancybox(jQuery.extend(true,{},fb_opts,{'type':'iframe','width':1050,'height':599,'keepRatio':1,'aspectRatio':1,'titleShow':false,'titlePosition':'float','titleFromAlt':false,'onStart':function(a,i,o){var splitOn=a[i].href.indexOf("?");var urlParms=(splitOn>-1)?a[i].href.substring(splitOn):"";o.allowfullscreen=(urlParms.indexOf("fs=0")>-1)?false:true;o.href=a[i].href.replace(/https?:\/\/(?:www\.)?youtu(?:\.be\/([^\?]+)\??|be\.com\/watch\?(.*(?=v=))v=([^&]+))(.*)/gi,"https://www.youtube.com/embed/$1$3?$2$4&autoplay=1");}}))}); /* Vimeo */ jQuery('a[href*="vimeo.com/" i],area[href*="vimeo.com/" i]' ).filter(function(){return this.href.match(/\/(?:[0-9]+|video\/)/);}).not('.nofancybox,li.nofancybox>a').addClass('fancybox-vimeo'); jQuery('a.fancybox-vimeo,area.fancybox-vimeo,.fancybox-vimeo>a').each(function(){jQuery(this).fancybox(jQuery.extend(true,{},fb_opts,{'type':'iframe','width':1050,'height':599,'keepRatio':1,'aspectRatio':1,'titleShow':false,'titlePosition':'float','titleFromAlt':false,'onStart':function(a,i,o){var splitOn=a[i].href.indexOf("?");var urlParms=(splitOn>-1)?a[i].href.substring(splitOn):"";o.allowfullscreen=(urlParms.indexOf("fullscreen=0")>-1)?false:true;o.href=a[i].href.replace(/https?:\/\/(?:www\.)?vimeo\.com\/([0-9]+)\??(.*)/gi,"https://player.vimeo.com/video/$1?$2&autoplay=1");}}))}); };}; var easy_fancybox_auto=function(){setTimeout(function(){jQuery('a#fancybox-auto,#fancybox-auto>a').first().trigger('click')},1000);}; jQuery(easy_fancybox_handler);jQuery(document).on('post-load',easy_fancybox_handler); jQuery(easy_fancybox_auto); /* ]]> */ </script> <script data-minify="1" type="text/javascript" src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/easy-fancybox/vendor/jquery.easing.js?ver=1739541523" id="jquery-easing-js"></script> <script>window.lazyLoadOptions=[{elements_selector:"img[data-lazy-src],.rocket-lazyload,iframe[data-lazy-src]",data_src:"lazy-src",data_srcset:"lazy-srcset",data_sizes:"lazy-sizes",class_loading:"lazyloading",class_loaded:"lazyloaded",threshold:300,callback_loaded:function(element){if(element.tagName==="IFRAME"&&element.dataset.rocketLazyload=="fitvidscompatible"){if(element.classList.contains("lazyloaded")){if(typeof window.jQuery!="undefined"){if(jQuery.fn.fitVids){jQuery(element).parent().fitVids()}}}}}},{elements_selector:".rocket-lazyload",data_src:"lazy-src",data_srcset:"lazy-srcset",data_sizes:"lazy-sizes",class_loading:"lazyloading",class_loaded:"lazyloaded",threshold:300,}];window.addEventListener('LazyLoad::Initialized',function(e){var lazyLoadInstance=e.detail.instance;if(window.MutationObserver){var observer=new MutationObserver(function(mutations){var image_count=0;var iframe_count=0;var rocketlazy_count=0;mutations.forEach(function(mutation){for(var i=0;i<mutation.addedNodes.length;i++){if(typeof mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByTagName!=='function'){continue} if(typeof mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByClassName!=='function'){continue} images=mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByTagName('img');is_image=mutation.addedNodes[i].tagName=="IMG";iframes=mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByTagName('iframe');is_iframe=mutation.addedNodes[i].tagName=="IFRAME";rocket_lazy=mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByClassName('rocket-lazyload');image_count+=images.length;iframe_count+=iframes.length;rocketlazy_count+=rocket_lazy.length;if(is_image){image_count+=1} if(is_iframe){iframe_count+=1}}});if(image_count>0||iframe_count>0||rocketlazy_count>0){lazyLoadInstance.update()}});var b=document.getElementsByTagName("body")[0];var config={childList:!0,subtree:!0};observer.observe(b,config)}},!1)</script><script data-no-minify="1" async src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/plugins/wp-rocket/assets/js/lazyload/17.8.3/lazyload.min.js"></script> </body> </html>