CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91339e78f8ebfe09',cH: 'fbrjDE1a0XcZoCTBBj1uzunPFWc1tifQ4a232loxrAM-1739772676-1.2.1.1-Rcf2iE.j2KKUbL5NyaxlRroYqvoz55pe8y.D4JgH5hG0XN_WQAoLOriGyiNJgPXU',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=prey%20refuge&__cf_chl_tk=brkM8cGJFoxL1Ffj2FNLhN2BdNUwUZsTeoeLB7J0k.c-1739772676-1.0.1.1-7gA1WutVkC22X38_mtTGKP8OQNslTUE.GTW5VgkJk5A",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739772676',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=prey%20refuge&__cf_chl_f_tk=brkM8cGJFoxL1Ffj2FNLhN2BdNUwUZsTeoeLB7J0k.c-1739772676-1.0.1.1-7gA1WutVkC22X38_mtTGKP8OQNslTUE.GTW5VgkJk5A",md: "mhMN2V5NiHJiI8HsE_EHPcIHOMd70jbBLONfkrEeuYA-1739772676-1.2.1.1-wu3PXfPDWTkce.YhsibXQvH2YOICSCa.gBmmD6TjyoqysfVfuOKct1PN1bJxzUKjUBIiAngpoX5sNgX1sEbr2y4p_B9f2HxlN2889N7NlpqIgCeuLXZk460ESAtVcBKMJoCuwVZOs6vuJ80o2EdW00Ndh4VBgO7rsXXjlcfi2h1gsvV9p7jvtc1H_CDPYwqE2aBjtmp.GblbAhfjxh2cyGuFal.v6Q8mnCs65IQI9G0rsASlMtG_WIOPaJfZy6gpz3clT0t.Du74Uzq3w9wuR_wY61ytMh0Pmi4PaaJHCkXfVqpLjEb0PX6hn0Kbq7FITGsBV60GMHgkCGCQiE8vBwUBtP3Lm8pAiDYcUF_9WzT8h67GGMG2IEMyvIQ8pMXtRsGUSAsMGKXEdrcYwF.zqYZlKpbhzRq6K6H349HR8nAWDTcpMjdagH.o0TvkkoXx0XpDoitsB.un48nVZdQJweJzsfAo_as2ZSixVkEz9ce9sYMyvmG7saHAELOfuuwdxGDbAPWTW6OtyiNKYk7Ix.3qpRZ5sUHpuVBIC.R1RFVrAgchLyg9vhE9PSULqW5X6b_ds2sDO8ELbmhHSKqcvw1pRoIsAIRQb2UohrGR6PEKsNKQG_kN6XUwUsvA7aiZkJDS4dK29mDooEEffcO_cjfxIkqoc2jbilqFQxSmAlfs7W7QHyactSu6iU8SZIM3heko33LEvacwTrIvjknfLOTaK91eRJ8hrA8TpkXxd_ZdhY.cY.c3qOoGNwgRx6Mb_CIrGupCefbr15PnkzlMqMnq2btLCf8rA.mWvDl6OY0DE2TVmaBmkgUWcDKoWsxh9Vp9sOUr25KDGg6IIottDV6KraznpbHyeZM.YAzCs_D1r.DE2wLSUw_9UaNThisGSzvfBdoCJOVfUkgBiamQ0muMfYugcY79GNYr_V9DDXVtBjsofM3LsMXzbaXAJ68XRZVwbbpXBUJjTw.Sob1ZXxQyQgqjEmCZOHMmfRxRKZb3LlnoG0ltI2m6IN4f.C6AqvRXy_9y08IdmEH_EpJZfqxPsOz5eMKnWlmQY_ZslqWA32SrFvG465BDPBFVCSHLca_q4sVGOLveKDGQyZmHHXZsDl6Av7k7BqWtzTn1LlcL10cCb.YWthoAHYWgvwvo904V9L0GsLFh6n17XNlhbVk8mqmiZmx_S.fj8LysvrHBlig2imhWZXSVHIsV98kj3DSIQmFbmQlBD8G1X_KFIWiM3YqYR0RBzB9tQ8Ihfbtiy8vmwk.4H6x.7Blc1z5cxVZboGrDx6AKPLuJrLwiKKxLJZbW7tAErUZwlfMolbQr9gEgxHyi3hz99RlaWq9vhbJOa37xtPn8dnZ0R1d8s8zliYG6OBWbYzwrshsTZ.Lk1_qV5Ud.DhmAybBBlVP2HGe3QUsPHsyOcaVDHQktDGKlT_guzqARVC5SYvb8BQzu7vBu3mgrLCms6WUdNxSAsl5iA1VxdO46uE4x3bwB23c4U9yCgPc90z60XhtqVAHZVpiYJTVAKMNW_Aw.sYCV1m8Lmz7UwQORrRnDW2ZFwEwwtNWGC_jJIi2lTvzug84.9s1kHI4A6laROSQ1yrGguXcTw9nVQTmBxCci.N3_fRNyx79wEtcjqbBbjo.ACauoPaX.Zye_RkFqpYbRjyIse25EIQ0ktn4hBvyl_y6QwGawQNrTRs5p1zAIEHgdmTkBvjuZbXT1UhoGM7AUndI5swF9hjIeBC8NuXs5AXALNbouXyfJ6p521kakl5KXG4MEuPHJVjHqYQT6o_hxvJWDOrz6mhU.dainSBUjF6M_Q4Ei2bvIvTXOzvypRWyDuXY8yrF46yWA1c4Fk9Pxcsk6QjqoWOiOyZEhHU9k7LBmxN.fmsJEmrKsgZMnNRb04caACPzPc5Y_Nc5FM.IQ3nfvgMnFcfT99SSBFTmnvAo3rGVJhAF8Qu.KmEcu9AVyaaw",mdrd: "I5hnHkF1kj5YebXJwdM.r9kOu8bztdmHwggzX0tgXSI-1739772676-1.2.1.1-bCzNgeVwv2oC9OkisR62Sdaz4jez.8eHRCF6CaOTxChJbuUClG6vMsbbcKfwP1IN9GWFGaaxk8M4PuErPoC9qUm7wJnFwqUYdSAaX48m5GtpmXYdK5K1n.NnesYbWtiMFLcWYHf5lN7EihLnlG3lyOmuEejA69mTa2CI.czZYWrePGKU7Ev_uFf7yo_PHoD7Hq7PEX8NpWLrkSP0rWiFv_Hw02lz.nyDAiszqkW9PbvkZFfzVcPh5Su7M7JyYdbS13medyUe1DwuRrpds_uR.5sVyTrCTSlQ_PklvbpFaWmXYUdinowVdDRZVaP_QMbZuYEgkcy4xKMb3kCXnks7q5.5RDHupMvcIPwh3GeMOGRZmIFVs6bKt5E_jROHHdKOXz_YVXa9O9EsjpoYmPSYh8mKQyKRT6sQkvqiwXqA61gO6sPo_uxo7MADwYYD4xmIH2Lovq6b1cOJRH1NSTKflgnG6tja81sUK09jjS50aPNBsF30QFBYKzEpu_rkcZkxUrfE8BIuhPw1QDtxndLGf2dIy99C7xTIcME8bRgiApbAE74AsEonuVye0N5jm4hG2DzSIqSSlfKwIT84CZxvk9K_r8nagDEN7aNeEUh7RojO.TXnGMzcUzYNKhGJAOBlLXRHK7eXjUJo2QymbKSTrtIY9IIn9_VFq4Vs2KW6fZtLPDmBWrkny4ybCyGm1c1HbVoVkRXSyhL1FcMnxZUSOjmt5rKtmCN20zas.LTgx3X9K9q67gSIloqeLbFq8mhM1uJBsvjkqxpp3e54DQFZGOvp2EVW1nrjw1_t3IZIqaOzMR6fYsxUJOgPEkNza31jaVoy7gXYGCzKcZP1hHq12Ej4p.Ofs3X2hqxmC_FVZ3ozJw3rne56qecFS_bThNK7zuc0n_RaFzR60y0CXd28ESrzb0zmWkbUtgqNYvYf.ZNqHlyxzI_SDtPSuAAV02_eGpjDViKBy9aHxdh8wLvKv02r5PDj0gClcdmyOC8UXMC4DqRBp35yASFW_wu1RMLrsG6I_Yo8fUF8jT5zxQ_eTb8G_q42T9B.QK8MlLCkO2XlbbYCVOcPjHr89C5Ywz2ZF0_.mkEUvVvwUotSieFhFf.DX5sxJIBtjOWIgqK.C8dGPDbivSDhFniqCcAmRoTaUDNc0rfEIUEqgVlwCKQhqmIXJMvSJ8a6XkbL.tgUjRPC.TkYK9mUGTM4N2wlXVfv5Ck2HShAHLGGKCrszEV55f5dKPN4PN_xder9eUO4H2qCH4wzFCR8ehocxe557zlCyIDUYPFtV7pOLPScNhHPY0.Cov6qrLVJ06TAe_KBwcczAk3FXJsRfQYs4a3FNeZSuMDHainn3GXT4.wdCo212w7e0TsyEig6HFuvZbsl1dS8s1isFWCqCnuCIZcs4_7CbJg6ZlZ5R1CsN.xOSaorEoFEj11bRi2XXxDppuhwYM4526FzFl_QKEBr_clbxLrNpBdnze_YWTX3i.qvBIF9hQKNwBNTtqpGcAu75iv8dh91pd7Tcul3VTh7v8om592mBFSLmU1EzuYZ4MzuRuD2gfgxxT4OukABGk6.HbSiGO8lDFs1TCezmg99mKfvdRk4YH9e2LgpaY.XFac.FOcwP08vZI3bYlPfgwQjRQzPOlchMZ2gOWyBP7M6IDgL9AAAFHeckpMZhyhuglB8LwocrOFkK89rIpasn7k6i3FF7ZZINStzcxtoNtre19o9kbzusKM.7cPG0lLviU70NQ.9_RPfUHz5WBQJ__qrJX9tKIGlzjBfPSxFV7nlIHDqvbFtXQuxg4pP.4BOoGFMxaLNp0Y.7vQWMIGY.KdiyK32z.XOm_JAEuLcCy2kYCCps.MB_cGofMEdXbVlrJs8bch0qHsquiDLWtNLj1poWubhtH.T_s11pHw8oE_P6zZGqZJ_HH32V5zgZjAr.VsuSM7CrL_fEWmvY5bIalfi.TnvbCzNHr8.6WnFZBC_Mw.qJIjUludg_Mov9UiMQBpVYJUGvQ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91339e78f8ebfe09';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=prey%20refuge&__cf_chl_rt_tk=brkM8cGJFoxL1Ffj2FNLhN2BdNUwUZsTeoeLB7J0k.c-1739772676-1.0.1.1-7gA1WutVkC22X38_mtTGKP8OQNslTUE.GTW5VgkJk5A" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>