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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) 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.infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-label{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-label{width:30%;padding-right:3px}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-data{width:50%}}</style><table class="infobox ib-aircraft vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">R.24/31 (S.18 Knuckleduster)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Knuckleduster-chb283.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Knuckleduster-chb283.jpg/300px-Knuckleduster-chb283.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Knuckleduster-chb283.jpg/450px-Knuckleduster-chb283.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Knuckleduster-chb283.jpg/600px-Knuckleduster-chb283.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2521" data-file-height="937" /></a></span> <div class="ib-aircraft-caption">Short S.18 'Knuckleduster' (K3574), at <a href="/wiki/RAF_Felixstowe" title="RAF Felixstowe">Felixstowe</a>, 1934</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">General purpose <a href="/wiki/Flying-boat" class="mw-redirect" title="Flying-boat">flying-boat</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Aerospace_manufacturer" title="Aerospace manufacturer">Manufacturer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Short_Brothers" title="Short Brothers">Short Brothers</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designer</th><td class="infobox-data"><div> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Gouge" title="Arthur Gouge">(Sir) Arthur Gouge</a><sup id="cite_ref-Barnes_280_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barnes_280-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Prototype</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Primary users</th><td class="infobox-data">Short Brothers<div> <a href="/wiki/Marine_Aircraft_Experimental_Establishment" title="Marine Aircraft Experimental Establishment">Marine Aircraft Experimental Establishment</a> (MAEE), <a href="/wiki/Felixstowe" title="Felixstowe">Felixstowe</a> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Number built</th><td class="infobox-data">1</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufactured</th><td class="infobox-data">Rochester</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First flight</th><td class="infobox-data">30 November 1933</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Retired</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1938_in_aviation" title="1938 in aviation">1938</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Short R.24/31</b> (or <b>Short S.18</b> and nicknamed the <i>Knuckleduster</i>) was a British twin-engined, high-wing cantilever <a href="/wiki/Gull_wing" title="Gull wing">gull winged</a> <a href="/wiki/Monoplane" title="Monoplane">monoplane</a> <a href="/wiki/Flying-boat" class="mw-redirect" title="Flying-boat">flying-boat</a> designed and built by <a href="/wiki/Short_Brothers" title="Short Brothers">Short</a> to <a href="/wiki/Air_Ministry_specification" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Ministry specification">Air Ministry specification</a> R.24/31 for a "General Purpose Open Sea Patrol Flying Boat". The contract also specified the use of the experimental <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Goshawk" title="Rolls-Royce Goshawk">Rolls-Royce Goshawk</a> engine.<sup id="cite_ref-Barnes_280_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barnes_280-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Saunders-Roe_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Saunders-Roe London">Saunders-Roe London</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Stranraer" title="Supermarine Stranraer">Supermarine Stranraer</a> competed successfully for this contract. </p><p>Although it never saw military service, the Knuckleduster provided useful information on the steam-cooling of engines and the handling of monoplane flying-boats; much experimental data gathered contributed to the design of the successful <a href="/wiki/Short_S.23_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Short S.23 Empire">Empire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Short_Sunderland" title="Short Sunderland">Short Sunderland</a> aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-Barnes_284_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barnes_284-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design_and_development">Design and development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_Knuckleduster&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Design and development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The British Air Ministry issued its Specification R.24/31 for a "General Purpose Open Sea Patrol Flying Boat" in 1931 and ordered one prototype from each of <a href="/wiki/Saunders-Roe" title="Saunders-Roe">Saunders-Roe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Supermarine" title="Supermarine">Supermarine</a> and Shorts. Whereas the other two companies opted for traditional biplane designs, Shorts decided to produce a more modern, all-metal monoplane aircraft<sup id="cite_ref-Barnes_280_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barnes_280-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the experimental steam-cooled, cast block Rolls-Royce Goshawk engine, itself a development of the smaller <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Kestrel" title="Rolls-Royce Kestrel">Kestrel</a> engine. </p><p>The Knuckleduster's straight-sided hull was of all-metal (<a href="/wiki/Alclad" title="Alclad">Alclad</a>) box-section construction, from the bow as far as the pointed main step at the rear of the planing bottom; aft of the main step the fuselage was of monocoque construction. The central section of the hull was boxed and braced by diagonal frames to bear the loads from the wing-root attachments.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The wing sections inboard of the engines were attached at a 30° <a href="/wiki/Dihedral_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dihedral (aircraft)">dihedral angle</a>, thus providing sufficient clearance for the airscrews from water-spray during <a href="/wiki/Takeoff" title="Takeoff">takeoff</a>. The wings were designed for high torsional stiffness, each comprising a box-spar with four tapered <a href="/wiki/Stainless_steel" title="Stainless steel">stainless steel</a> tubular booms. Fuel tanks were mounted within the wings; sprung and braced wingtip floats were fitted. The wing surfaces were of fabric. </p><p>The experimental 720 hp Rolls-Royce Goshawk steam-cooled engine was specified for the "Knuckleduster," which led to many problems due to the engine's unreliability. The engines, with conspicuous <a href="/wiki/Condenser_(heat_transfer)" title="Condenser (heat transfer)">condensers</a> protruding vertically from the nacelles, were mounted at the "knuckle" between the dihedral inner and the horizontal outer wing sections. </p><p>The tail unit comprised a horizontal plane braced by struts with two vertical fins and rudders, also supported by diagonal bracing to the fuselage. As a result of early test results, fin area was increased; a major redesign of the tail unit was requested by John Parker and implemented at considerable cost. </p><p>In addition to the enclosed cockpit in which the pilot and the navigator sat side by side, there was a gunner's cockpit in the bow, stations for the engineer and radio operator and a navigator station with a <a href="/wiki/Aeronautical_chart" title="Aeronautical chart">chart-table</a>, sighting ports and two folding bunks. A third folding bunk and two fixed bunks were mounted in the crew's living quarters, which also included a <a href="/wiki/Galley_(kitchen)" title="Galley (kitchen)">galley</a> and, further aft, stowage space for <a href="/wiki/Drogue" title="Drogue">drogues</a> and a lavatory. </p><p>Further armament was provided by a midships gun mounting and a rear gunner's cockpit in the tail; bombs could be mounted in underwing bomb racks and there was also provision for a <a href="/wiki/Torpedo" title="Torpedo">torpedo</a> to be transported (but not launched). All guns mountings carried a single <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Gun" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewis Gun">Lewis Gun</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operational_history">Operational history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_Knuckleduster&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Operational history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>First launched the previous day, the first flight of the prosaically named R.24/31 (<a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_military_aircraft_serials" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom military aircraft serials">serial</a> <i>K3574</i>) took place on 30 November 1933, piloted by Shorts' <a href="/wiki/Test_pilot" title="Test pilot">Chief Test Pilot</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Lankester_Parker" title="John Lankester Parker">John Lankester Parker</a> and crewed by George Cotton and W. Howard Bell.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Parker noted that the fins were flexing so he landed immediately. After the fins had stiffening added, the aircraft flew again successfully on 15 December. Other problems found during testing were that the boat could not be trimmed straight and level: the fin area was increased by 18% and the tail was re-designed, including fitting a cupola over the tail gun position. </p><p>On 12 June 1934, at the conclusion of test flying, the Knuckleduster was flown to Felixstowe for official trials with the <a href="/wiki/Marine_Aircraft_Experimental_Establishment" title="Marine Aircraft Experimental Establishment">Marine Aircraft Experimental Establishment</a> (MAEE).<sup id="cite_ref-Barnes_283_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barnes_283-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The aircraft was judged not to meet the specification, particularly regarding top speed and range, even though these were not a priority in the specification. In October 1934 the boat was returned to Rochester for repair following an accident - a collision with another flying-boat. It was repaired and several modifications incorporated before it returned to Felixstowe in March 1935. </p><p>In April the Knuckleduster joined <a href="/wiki/No._209_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 209 Squadron RAF">209 Squadron</a> at <a href="/wiki/RAF_Mount_Batten" title="RAF Mount Batten">RAF Mount Batten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plymouth" title="Plymouth">Plymouth</a> for service trials alongside the <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Stranraer" title="Supermarine Stranraer">Stranraer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saunders-Roe_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Saunders-Roe London">London</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Air_pict_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Air_pict-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This included an appearance at the Royal Air Force display at <a href="/wiki/RAF_Hendon" class="mw-redirect" title="RAF Hendon">Hendon</a>. It was returned to the MAEE in October 1935. Despite suffering engine problems, it continued to carry out trial flights until September 1938, when it was retired from flying duties and assigned to No. 2 School of Technical Training at <a href="/wiki/DCAE_Cosford" class="mw-redirect" title="DCAE Cosford">RAF Cosford</a> for instructional purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-Barnes_284_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barnes_284-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although it was not ordered into production - mainly hindered by the unreliable engines - a new Air Ministry Specification R.2/33 was released before it flew, which would lead to the <a href="/wiki/Short_Sunderland" title="Short Sunderland">Short Sunderland</a>. The Sunderland was another large monoplane flying-boat that had benefited from the work on the R.24/31. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operators">Operators</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_Knuckleduster&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Operators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/No._209_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 209 Squadron RAF">No. 209 Squadron RAF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Aircraft_Experimental_Establishment" title="Marine Aircraft Experimental Establishment">Marine Aircraft Experimental Establishment</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specifications">Specifications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_Knuckleduster&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Specifications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p style="font-size: 90%; margin:0;"><i>Data from</i> Shorts Aircraft since 1900 <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>General characteristics</b></span> </p><ul><li><b>Crew:</b> 5</li> <li><b>Length:</b> 63 ft 3 in (19.28 m)</li> <li><b>Wingspan:</b> 90 ft 0 in (27.43 m)</li> <li><b>Height:</b> 19 ft 6 in (5.94 m) <sup id="cite_ref-Air_pict_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Air_pict-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Wing area:</b> 1,147 sq ft (106.6 m<sup>2</sup>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Airfoil" title="Airfoil">Airfoil</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingen" title="Göttingen">Göttingen</a> 436 (outer wing sections)</li> <li><b>Empty weight:</b> 11,720 lb (5,316 kg)</li> <li><b>Gross weight:</b> 18,500 lb (8,391 kg)</li> <li><b>Powerplant:</b> 2 × <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Goshawk" title="Rolls-Royce Goshawk">Rolls-Royce Goshawk</a> VIII steam-cooled <a href="/wiki/V12_engine" title="V12 engine">V12 engines</a>, 775 hp (578 kW) each</li> <li><b>Propellers:</b> 2-bladed wooden, 12 ft 6 in (3.81 m) diameter <sup id="cite_ref-flight11735p57_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flight11735p57-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>Performance</b></span> </p> <ul><li><b>Maximum speed:</b> 150 mph (240 km/h, 130 kn)</li> <li><b>Range:</b> 1,040 mi (1,670 km, 900 nmi)</li> <li><b>Service ceiling:</b> 15,500 ft (4,700 m)</li> <li><b>Rate of climb:</b> 800 ft/min (4.1 m/s) <sup id="cite_ref-flight11735p57_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flight11735p57-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>Armament</b></span><br /> </p> <ul><li><b>Guns:</b> 3 x <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Gun" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewis Gun">Lewis Guns</a></li> <li><b>Bombs:</b> underwing bomb racks for:<sup id="cite_ref-flight11735p57_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flight11735p57-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>2× 500 lb (230 kg) bombs <i>or</i></li> <li>4× 240 (110 kg) bombs</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_Knuckleduster&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saunders-Roe_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Saunders-Roe London">Saunders-Roe London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Stranraer" title="Supermarine Stranraer">Supermarine Stranraer</a></li></ul> <p><b>Related development</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short_Empire" title="Short Empire">Short Empire</a></li></ul> <p><b>Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dornier_Do_26" title="Dornier Do 26">Dornier Do 26</a></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_Knuckleduster&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_Knuckleduster&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Barnes_280-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Barnes_280_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barnes_280_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barnes_280_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnes and James 1989, p. 280.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barnes_284-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Barnes_284_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barnes_284_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnes and James 1989, p. 284.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnes and James 1989, p. 281.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnes and James 1989, p. 282.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barnes_283-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Barnes_283_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnes and James 1989, p. 283.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Air_pict-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Air_pict_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Air_pict_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Air Pictorial May 1971, p.176.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnes and James 1989, p. 285.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-flight11735p57-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-flight11735p57_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-flight11735p57_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-flight11735p57_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Flight</i> 11 July 1935, p. 57.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_Knuckleduster&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>ap Rees, Elfan. "Prototypes And Experimentals No 1: Short R.24/31". <i>Air Pictorial</i>, May 1971, p. 176.</li> <li>Barnes, Christopher H. and Derek N. James. <i>Shorts Aircraft since 1900</i>. London: Putnam, 1989. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85177-819-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-85177-819-4">0-85177-819-4</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1935/1935%20-2-%200066.html">"The Short "Knuckleduster""</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Flight_International" title="Flight International">Flight</a></i> 17 July 1935, Vol. XXVIII, No. 1385, pp. 56–58. Retrieved 28 March 2019.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_Knuckleduster&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Short_Knuckleduster" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Short Knuckleduster">Short Knuckleduster</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ud4DAAAAMBAJ&dq=Popular+Science+1935+plane+%22Popular+Mechanics%22&pg=PA326">"British Test Angular Ugly Duckling Plane" <i>Popular Mechanics</i>,September 1935</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1934/1934%20-%200120.html">"Testing the Short Monoplane R.24/31"</a> a 1934 <i>Flight</i> article</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Short_Brothers_aircraft" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Short_Brothers_aircraft" title="Template:Short Brothers aircraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Short_Brothers_aircraft" title="Template talk:Short Brothers aircraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Short_Brothers_aircraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Short Brothers aircraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Short_Brothers_aircraft" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Short_Brothers" title="Short Brothers">Short Brothers</a> aircraft</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-1921</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short_No.1_biplane" title="Short No.1 biplane">Biplane No.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Biplane_No._2" title="Short Biplane No. 2">Biplane No.2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_No._3_biplane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Short No. 3 biplane (page does not exist)">Biplane No.3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short-Wright_biplane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Short-Wright biplane (page does not exist)">Short-Wright biplane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunne_D.5" title="Dunne D.5">Dunne D.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.27" title="Short S.27">Improved S.27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.27#Short_Triple_Twin" title="Short S.27">Triple-Twin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.27#Short_Tandem_Twin" title="Short S.27">Tandem-Twin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Triple_Tractor" title="Short Triple Tractor">Triple-Tractor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Bomber" title="Short Bomber">Bomber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sporting_Type" title="Short Sporting Type">Sporting Type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Silver_Streak" title="Short Silver Streak">Silver Streak</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early 'S'<br />sequence:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.27" title="Short S.27">S.26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.27" title="Short S.27">S.27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.27" title="Short S.27">S.28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.27" title="Short S.27">S.29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.27" title="Short S.27">S.32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.27" title="Short S.27">S.33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.27" title="Short S.27">S.34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.27" title="Short S.27">S.35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.36" title="Short S.36">S.36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.38" title="Short S.38">S.38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.27" title="Short S.27">S.39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.41" title="Short S.41">S.41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.27" title="Short S.27">S.43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.27" title="Short S.27">S.44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.36" title="Short S.36">S.45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.45" title="Short S.45">S.48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.45" title="Short S.45">S.49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.45" title="Short S.45">S.50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.41" title="Short S.41">S.51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.41" title="Short S.41">S.52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.41" title="Short S.41">S.53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.38" title="Short S.38">S.62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.80" title="Short S.80">S.80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.81" title="Short S.81">S.81</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">'N' sequence:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short_Shirl" title="Short Shirl">N.1B</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_N.2A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Short N.2A (page does not exist)">N.2A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_N.2B" title="Short N.2B">N.2B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Cromarty" title="Short Cromarty">N.3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Admiralty Types:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.27#Short_Triple_Twin" title="Short S.27">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.41#Variants" title="Short S.41">42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Admiralty_Type_74" title="Short Admiralty Type 74">74</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Admiralty_Type_81" title="Short Admiralty Type 81">81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Admiralty_Type_166" title="Short Admiralty Type 166">135</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Type_827" title="Short Type 827">136</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Admiralty_Type_166" title="Short Admiralty Type 166">166</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Type_184" title="Short Type 184">184</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Type_827" title="Short Type 827">301</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Type_320" title="Short Type 320">310</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Type_320" title="Short Type 320">320</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Type_827" title="Short Type 827">827</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Type_827" title="Short Type 827">830</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-1921<br />sequence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short_Cockle" title="Short Cockle">S.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felixstowe_F.5" title="Felixstowe F.5">S.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Springbok" title="Short Springbok">S.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Satellite" title="Short Satellite">S.4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Singapore" title="Short Singapore">S.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.6_Sturgeon" title="Short S.6 Sturgeon">S.6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Mussel" title="Short Mussel">S.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.8_Calcutta" title="Short S.8 Calcutta">S.8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Rangoon" title="Short Rangoon">S.8/8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Gurnard" title="Short Gurnard">S.10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Valetta" title="Short Valetta">S.11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Singapore" title="Short Singapore">S.12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sarafand" title="Short Sarafand">S.14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_H3K" title="Kawanishi H3K">S.15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Scion" title="Short Scion">S.16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Kent" title="Short Kent">S.17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Scylla" title="Short Scylla">L.17</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">S.18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Singapore" title="Short Singapore">S.19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Mayo_Composite" title="Short Mayo Composite">S.20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Mayo_Composite" title="Short Mayo Composite">S.21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Scion_Senior" title="Short Scion Senior">S.22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Empire" title="Short Empire">S.23</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_S.23/37&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Short S.23/37 (page does not exist)">S.24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sunderland" title="Short Sunderland">S.25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.26" title="Short S.26">S.26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.27" title="Short S.27">S.27</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_S.28&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Short S.28 (page does not exist)">S.28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Stirling" title="Short Stirling">S.29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Empire" title="Short Empire">S.30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Stirling" title="Short Stirling">S.31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.32" title="Short S.32">S.32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Empire" title="Short Empire">S.33</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_B.1/39&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Short B.1/39 (page does not exist)">S.34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Shetland" title="Short Shetland">S.35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Stirling" title="Short Stirling">S.36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Stirling" title="Short Stirling">S.37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sturgeon" title="Short Sturgeon">S.38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sturgeon" title="Short Sturgeon">S.39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Shetland" title="Short Shetland">S.40</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_N.7/46&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Short N.7/46 (page does not exist)">S.41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sperrin" title="Short Sperrin">S.42</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_SA.5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Short SA.5 (page does not exist)">S.43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sealand" title="Short Sealand">S.44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Seaford" title="Short Seaford">S.45 (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Solent" title="Short Solent">S.45 (II)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_S.46&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Short S.46 (page does not exist)">S.46</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_S.47&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Short S.47 (page does not exist)">S.47</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_X.30/46&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Short X.30/46 (page does not exist)">S.48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Tucano" title="Short Tucano">S.312</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Society_of_British_Aerospace_Companies#SBAC_aircraft_designations" title="Society of British Aerospace Companies">S.B.A.C</a><br />sequence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sturgeon" title="Short Sturgeon">SA.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sturgeon" title="Short Sturgeon">SA.2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_N.7/46&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Short N.7/46 (page does not exist)">SA.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sperrin" title="Short Sperrin">SA.4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_SA.5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Short SA.5 (page does not exist)">SA.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sealand" title="Short Sealand">SA.6</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_S.46&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Short S.46 (page does not exist)">SA.7</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_S.47&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Short S.47 (page does not exist)">SA.8</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_X.30/46&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Short X.30/46 (page does not exist)">SA.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_SB.1" title="Short SB.1">SB.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sealand" title="Short Sealand">SB.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sturgeon" title="Short Sturgeon">SB.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_SB.4_Sherpa" title="Short SB.4 Sherpa">SB.4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_SB.5" title="Short SB.5">SB.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Seamew" title="Short Seamew">SB.6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sealand" title="Short Sealand">SB.7</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_SB.8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Short SB.8 (page does not exist)">SB.8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sturgeon" title="Short Sturgeon">SB.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_SC.1" title="Short SC.1">SC.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Seamew" title="Short Seamew">SC.2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_P.D.16&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Short P.D.16 (page does not exist)">SC.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Electric_Canberra" title="English Electric Canberra">SC.4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Belfast" title="Short Belfast">SC.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Electric_Canberra" title="English Electric Canberra">SC.6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_SC.7_Skyvan" title="Short SC.7 Skyvan">SC.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_SC.1" title="Short SC.1">SC.8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Electric_Canberra" title="English Electric Canberra">SC.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Electric_Canberra" title="English Electric Canberra">SD.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_AQM-37_Jayhawk" title="Beechcraft AQM-37 Jayhawk">SD.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_330" title="Short 330">SD.3-30/330</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_360" title="Short 360">SD.3-60/360</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Names</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short_Belfast" title="Short Belfast">Belfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Bomber" title="Short Bomber">Bomber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Empire" title="Short Empire">'C-Class'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.8_Calcutta" title="Short S.8 Calcutta">Calcutta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Springbok" title="Short Springbok">Chamois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Cockle" title="Short Cockle">Cockle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Cromarty" title="Short Cromarty">Cromarty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Crusader" title="Short Crusader">Crusader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Empire" title="Short Empire">Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Folder" title="Short Folder">'Folder'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.26" title="Short S.26">'G-Class'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnosspelius_Gull" title="Gnosspelius Gull">Gnosspelius Gull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Gurnard" title="Short Gurnard">Gurnard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Kent" title="Short Kent">Kent</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Knuckleduster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Mayo_Composite" title="Short Mayo Composite">Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Mayo_Composite" title="Short Mayo Composite">Maia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Mussel" title="Short Mussel">Mussel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Nimbus" title="Short Nimbus">Nimbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Rangoon" title="Short Rangoon">Rangoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sandringham" title="Short Sandringham">Sandringham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sarafand" title="Short Sarafand">Sarafand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Satellite" title="Short Satellite">Satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Scion" title="Short Scion">Scion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Scion_Senior" title="Short Scion Senior">Scion Senior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Scylla" title="Short Scylla">Scylla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Seaford" title="Short Seaford">Seaford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sealand" title="Short Sealand">Sealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Seamew" title="Short Seamew">Seamew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Shirl" title="Short Shirl">'Shamrock'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_SB.4_Sherpa" title="Short SB.4 Sherpa">Sherpa (SB.4)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_C-23_Sherpa" title="Short C-23 Sherpa">Sherpa (C-23)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Shetland" title="Short Shetland">Shetland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Shirl" title="Short Shirl">Shirl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sporting_Type" title="Short Sporting Type">'Shrimp'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Silver_Streak" title="Short Silver Streak">Silver Streak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Singapore" title="Short Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_SC.7_Skyvan" title="Short SC.7 Skyvan">Skyvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Solent" title="Short Solent">Solent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sperrin" title="Short Sperrin">Sperrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sporting_Type" title="Short Sporting Type">Sporting Type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Springbok" title="Short Springbok">Springbok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Stirling" title="Short Stirling">Stirling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.6_Sturgeon" title="Short S.6 Sturgeon">Sturgeon (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sturgeon" title="Short Sturgeon">Sturgeon (II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sunderland" title="Short Sunderland">Sunderland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.27#Short_Tandem_Twin" title="Short S.27">Tandem-Twin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Triple_Tractor" title="Short Triple Tractor">Triple-Tractor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.27#Short_Triple_Twin" title="Short S.27">Triple-Twin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Tucano" title="Short Tucano">Tucano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Valetta" title="Short Valetta">Valetta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By type</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Airships:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R31-class_airship" title="R31-class airship"><i>R31</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R31-class_airship" title="R31-class airship"><i>R32</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R38-class_airship" title="R38-class airship"><i>R38</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bombers:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short_Bomber" title="Short Bomber">Bomber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Seamew" title="Short Seamew">Seamew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Shirl" title="Short Shirl">Shirl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sperrin" title="Short Sperrin">Sperrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Stirling" title="Short Stirling">Stirling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sturgeon" title="Short Sturgeon">Sturgeon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Experimental:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short_Stirling" title="Short Stirling">M4 scale Stirling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnosspelius_Gull" title="Gnosspelius Gull">Gnosspelius Gull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_SB.1" title="Short SB.1">SB.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_SB.4_Sherpa" title="Short SB.4 Sherpa">SB.4 Sherpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_SB.5" title="Short SB.5">SB.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_SC.1" title="Short SC.1">SC.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Electric_Canberra" title="English Electric Canberra">SC.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Silver_Streak" title="Short Silver Streak">Silver Streak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fighters:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short_Gurnard" title="Short Gurnard">Gurnard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gliders:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short_Nimbus" title="Short Nimbus">Nimbus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Racers:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short_Crusader" title="Short Crusader">Crusader</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Maritime patrol &<br />reconnaissance:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short_Empire" title="Short Empire">Empire/'C-Class'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.26" title="Short S.26">'G-Class'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Singapore" title="Short Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Rangoon" title="Short Rangoon">Rangoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sarafand" title="Short Sarafand">Sarafand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Shetland" title="Short Shetland">Shetland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Springbok" title="Short Springbok">Springbok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.6_Sturgeon" title="Short S.6 Sturgeon">Sturgeon (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sturgeon" title="Short Sturgeon">Sturgeon (II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sunderland" title="Short Sunderland">Sunderland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Seaford" title="Short Seaford">Seaford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trainers:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.27" title="Short S.27">S.27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.27" title="Short S.27">Improved S.27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.38" title="Short S.38">S.38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sturgeon" title="Short Sturgeon">Sturgeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Tucano" title="Short Tucano">Tucano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transports<br />& airliners:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short_330" title="Short 330">330</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_360" title="Short 360">360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Belfast" title="Short Belfast">Belfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Empire" title="Short Empire">Short Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_S.26" title="Short S.26">G-Class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sunderland#Post-war_civilian_use" title="Short Sunderland">Hythe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Kent" title="Short Kent">Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Mayo_Composite" title="Short Mayo Composite">Short-Mayo Composite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sandringham" title="Short Sandringham">Sandringham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Scion" title="Short Scion">Scion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Scion_Senior" title="Short Scion Senior">Scion Senior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Scylla" title="Short Scylla">Scylla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sealand" title="Short Sealand">Sealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Shetland" title="Short Shetland">Shetland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Solent" title="Short Solent">Solent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_C-23_Sherpa" title="Short C-23 Sherpa">Sherpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_SC.7_Skyvan" title="Short SC.7 Skyvan">Skyvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Valetta" title="Short Valetta">Valetta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Under licence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Britannia" title="Bristol Britannia">Bristol Britannia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Electric_Canberra" title="English Electric Canberra">English Electric Canberra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felixstowe_F.3" title="Felixstowe F.3">Felixstowe F.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felixstowe_F.5" title="Felixstowe F.5">Felixstowe F.5</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_Knuckleduster&oldid=1245614684">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_Knuckleduster&oldid=1245614684</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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