CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9136b773bdf14b80',cH: 'KimLmI7.Hq8i5drhgYv03qfFBFlFPH7OeD6zlRXbiDI-1739805156-1.2.1.1-J0C1obY2QAY5mff6Jr0xWXoP87ehKdJel7RCt_Esl6ZfgAf4iMN8bsSFT.S2Rd_w',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=local%20thermal%20equilibrium%20%28LTE%29&__cf_chl_tk=E6S9vgewY7dHRO.nMgxkv5FFr55YX1GCcWG31wIi6.8-1739805156-1.0.1.1-Fltao4YJmubt8SYnFOuxgjKZ8rIb7YRm2us38cJ6GxY",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739805156',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=local%20thermal%20equilibrium%20%28LTE%29&__cf_chl_f_tk=E6S9vgewY7dHRO.nMgxkv5FFr55YX1GCcWG31wIi6.8-1739805156-1.0.1.1-Fltao4YJmubt8SYnFOuxgjKZ8rIb7YRm2us38cJ6GxY",md: "FsGXxZl_5QPxo86k6Gb8AyeMiN4rUiA5btRq4C7kxtU-1739805156-1.2.1.1-eCDRzZTEnCprGM4L1a28PGlX77QzsB88G4uLovDNIAjyz0Pod366QeOUhpl9oWN8U0V8maI6ffEYW9lHg68oDcZbc3ARvzUaZF0FjWLs9rY8Db.c9RTBoG5NAoXNi0KRcbGwN6oESu1kBN2N.W7a2mrMqeOe1t2xA1sKN821LDf9XfNKGvRCYQJ85zXIH..9FVx_gwfuHaCJ54B9FYubqJCGkwyyBV32vhDJ29vnwP7Z64.R_o1ruVWescVJFdtOT.hfR9_OkB1PiQ_7miXKxel0UNbNGew6DBkmTNxiolX8JB8c9gkOK0DmuXWzFuxRqwGD67Q1BQSTR.qgvFHW.gdO9LOV4l9orIVmyOT0XMRnD3_mZDj45SUP_4kQFw9ym0yrg5tTbOXbnE2yiSOTSpHEbqBCLbBZ4_t5cZvF7W1zeC16aZ97wyeFP57WGLOME.IN.C_V8Nb07Ks55qVHIOYnyTG8QZmONCcj4SU3v5CVnyyIoB8wd2Gqdaovbcu2Q7oLqUhb3F.7nSpiUFAhkQVYDtm1oY.YkKpUo_ME8G_GGHt_TOyEX8nenyL5qCDRvC4NwRe.0BSW_HYYIj5R1yuiKV0Z3OmUvINR0fYycx9wL2t4HLHQTxIaxnrSeYJdty5xmM6fMOna.tq3vKX96GDHC4hAOz4J_p.Ltnf82DRTnLIZQnVHyscioAsEC.F5cXohDa1RDb63yXWVyp3rRiES20_zzaH5BeQYEEUCEqJgSIIP3bit40PtHroCH6d6aTLlfIqzSaWdSTQdJtsmICV.g3DmKCWieRcqd6UlBDfrRoyssa5yY5H5WfaF9FkkoKKzk6WQyVlFmKxqk6PUSxQQGAUXkVyGDd8RVzsZvNwasR5FQOdnxXrDANG5FLpi.nveigIRl5OHE6HM60Cqp_PdKhEa2r3knUM1jLhCpcAic7w_vnsFxtu.DzCXz9LhKs8ap0rLEESmzk39DcxFXmVmRt2au3rHg7EQMFi9gQkWVqIHW891MjX9_Yx0nl5veE4zKXXg.t6pztewZK8FOVoLLgtDde_c7nrRYAb5NM8iKfy.B.DYWR1a3scwxXBg.Xr4xRLniDHOUF2LJHZWgXtzZoCSzekbWhWVlnbBaKNFLlr63PKFxl10nt.nC06QazmPEtKZIQmhUvna15hpm4U0jS4gW.dqbie.iTUy4LQvO7rVvKJ9KhtH1P4e.PXNjin..BfyqKCtmjn3fn8KX5zYAyO6eWxw52.yQ3E1jjnbbwEuTFl.r_FhWG.FVmMlroN.btVfSCB.jrpIrg9tiR1oCzlq947daUl1WQseopWlr0TebBGLaxnZvQ02Le.kLwdsaTJKOT7xIYc813kJyk.ykTOmgyX0DKje5UYzSrBkRIwbzx6S9976K4fgpEy7kI.W59tDcI9kNzphIj5IOjTaOcbQ8hE7.N_pxCaX5ZvXeZ7RUl2DCC2PCRppeTocMpDWYcbNIba8t_3i.a3_QSeH2ba.ajrF.14Ezc8pKkVdDDsXvllvi_a03WpUmmI.4OdXIK8lfcov.HUE5q5uSEJ2gxXdnVvn52bfvIPYPcsbXzLkXE9Venvnx1h.K.Stc.D3ry5dtl0CYkUhMWlBHMGE1pJgICzLdzt1hboMF6s84suXpV7qb1ud9pbfjECrJG8.6cFwX1NESNjBMP5rl2jfXNJJ7iNtUb7mzbUSIOH7HGtM_PDT7h7clt9JWO95bQ6dvhYJFNkJR_ALNsTmLuSsjqMRZeSypTiujbPmT3lnn8R92Bcya9p2JhTrTvbGEe7cOiUXhb286my_CX5xC6hlGERivIwWHHCO.i8KFgCoRJIJDmH_lJ8H17sqwciK7JYdjHp1aQ07mLx8Wg9dLFF86i0hTjlMwlw.oaZfExa2PFuS8y3HMJMfqiR9OmDXwbCTwm2u9SkImL5htrfXAqcvHf8mTCH8zzu4zqTCnyx94eMnRcqROAYgneuNBlTG48KHrmrMs_KdAeA.TZrGXj885ltwuMfJMp3hd.x9PC0",mdrd: "WJxgnGGyfjK3zQaTlViPc0qc8TUb830ceV1ck2A1v9I-1739805156-1.2.1.1-vsT0NGJJ7zcHgdo9R5UPrF1IC3t2dJLXFeWetvS6t488ERMGQebaHFqmeLoDaKUL.7gOJpKgSBiduUA2_ZMnB4Nb9pKw8_BYgOujk5Joi41JoV74etZb0bUQcADeWdPsodbfP8RpQX213DFXHPveVc9erVKMogb0s8hCp6lIly_vEGQJBb6r15kpxyJ8WJ1vexU7064Z6H38R0I8OwrlWFUivOg4QGutThYxgxeJ2XXgZmIdZbQHiM1aew8QHtyjAqr04IJFnD5rbXJ5zQIFBmPDE3creCCEuxAmoCdDd75joVH_qNhvyTktW8G9ApRz.eV1IZXIrkg5.WV3t0EFvtqwyCVAfeQkoVumTF.omfO_H97UQ9koE9njIZRKh1p8abA5R5hygL53Qdr1bfHnJKZhFNbJ6gq0OGmB1TYhXfn0Zmm.lVTzDQ8VarXrJXxq0vdis8EsMAe5vDPuf9AXNGATe1lWPEm1zi4yE2v8WG8ISRYXIMGGgD3txbqF79tbgzU._WbWC6pFCHDYWkui_hJrUXhLTaNpo8ocbOuKAHEFozdmtUKIiZRr8proIS3WfRS9xhEccGH9oihJts8cskNcBBzTpr_i0xTIZq34GmP5jQ3cTC_zo3nNQ_Z0ZsYp.H6bYY_Dh3VmmLehof.Xhnb9Q0mckb6uSrXrfD_s1YsICMlSO6hIZGV8DlXeSSCdXKHAEteqFxouHFE7930UPvmLFGBXzIJNAHmp0DXFY71EbLiE52dE6thTv4HHCH4d35wSjjJYgPPYCwSkYJFfCLeQDSjejvjhXLPwwasicAnrdsrmWmQ5kAnnFZc9mk9vd6kd3jK3lZLW1gmT8UEE8SJvzbpNyIiWhKNFRZFmqSZmoSu3lLVZ5zlLqEzt3DDkcAULQXxv88bgAPw2uDcCFd6cVoEiJoUVzYJkYa1QYYk.ufqx6EnYgJBI0oiJqVAPh51gvSdCUb80xqPZvgMUW6W9NGx0AjU0uD7qzH4XNH5LqWHi.GmooaA1LBYkrXfwQgmbwsGJjL54zpxOHiu9acn4iWzdG5yTu.ej.QEHd9YZ6WP_lwAxm7cLXfNr9O8LXKfp9a1Yo.l5QeVEodz_sfZm22VwlDEhgEIWEER.vvpJ9D9I8hDuJIF8O0luxhpwIN9sILS8OxnNqiom_UeklVvK87As1UpoaC8Xo3lsoD00tjZIx6RGbvbowTVJN5aS7xg_KOJUTQ8p6DC83I.6BdCwMuH1.PFNo39w0XIzDOQXtLzHUDOShMpq2l0YKzlVUK0vaAee5tEoo50N7jrAScirU1N97VxXWa1pTf2NKh8ZdGygg8YPakzXvDsyMOoTM8Umx1y8Lh4gZKNXrMCYpPbdrm9i23MGN9pGWfaNdAnDHuVB4EnGF2Qx1NDM08notpTSbwBIKLLUEuBaZ2yrk9nYwx51WAonRmuOksSXgRSeTiJLZiymJcfSHLCoHlCPePWMbFsnXgLQDdPvJq_TmcHVtXuNo.y2n8nu75gH03Xq4DU.IYA0JbEQvoT7CJKVrSQFx42v6300TYjNirhqV8Tu4epDOAC5b6BrnK1iA544OpdrYOHMDzQspaVsFRh1FBBlXgAY4YntKfS9tHgmXK7DfLk2IG_6VSga7PM6FOF17ne.kUYeO67oRtwsB77PSwSsM4ryClO17J4IKW2HBYtd.A0lo3t.MlbgG27G3Zm2gLr_JN8PTcy9oM1UTiZkzDg9JDdKp8wX3_iii5UhgGUFFI25Fb0UDxztOhdMWAFBvgGnOOfG_ssEohz64Ti9Mzp4_3z6jPconsPW6LzYrFUtcmGgiwFdG5f1TSt9WXcHHdxgdtlTyjYDoQ3a6WcXQpIxPlH5vfnL7FjyXQ0kkap.FLcHyRtcMj9ECdJroAQlofYaoD.37zo1lM6cvmJ48iTS3brhmLFAU0HpkpC_NRAmoskLrK79TG0B2Kro4h60tM9DPP..kYghlksWEjyckoPHPgE0wwaytRbgDraLiQ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9136b773bdf14b80';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=local%20thermal%20equilibrium%20%28LTE%29&__cf_chl_rt_tk=E6S9vgewY7dHRO.nMgxkv5FFr55YX1GCcWG31wIi6.8-1739805156-1.0.1.1-Fltao4YJmubt8SYnFOuxgjKZ8rIb7YRm2us38cJ6GxY" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>