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window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":104668442,"created_at":"2023-07-17T14:06:47.862-07:00","from_world_paper_id":237523505,"updated_at":"2024-11-25T12:39:07.124-08:00","_data":{"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","grobid_abstract":"We analyzed previous exploratory factor analytic structures on the Boredom Proneness Scale (BPS; Farmer \u0026 Sundberg, 1986) using confirmatory factor analysis in structural equation modeling in LISREL 8 (Jöreskog \u0026 Sörbom, 1993). These analyses indicated that 2 factors were generally consistent across 6 exploratory models. Items that had significant loadings on these two factors (N = 12; 6 for each factor) indicated a lack of Internal Stimulation and External Stimulation. In further analysis on these 12 items using LISREL, we found a much improved fit and provided support for a short form version of the original BPS. We also found the shortened version to be invariant across gender. We discuss implications for the more precise measurement of boredom proneness and the use of the scale in applied settings. The assessment of boredom has been comparatively neglected in the psychological literature. For instance, it has been common to assume that individuals experience boredom in the performance of repetitive or monotonous activities (e.g., O'Hanlon, 1981) or to assess boredom with single-item measures (e.g., Larson \u0026 Richards, 1991; Shaw, Caldwell, \u0026 Kleiber, 1996). The former approach does not consider individual, subjective reactions to potentially boring stimuli that has been advocated by many researchers (e.g., DeChenne \u0026 Moody, 1988; Geiwitz, 1966; Hill \u0026 Perkins, 1985; Mikulas \u0026 Vodanovich, 1993), whereas the use of single-item devices lack sufficient reliability and validity. The only complete measure available to assess an individual's propensity to be bored is the Boredom Proneness Scale (BPS; Farmer \u0026 Sundberg, 1986). The widely used Boredom Susceptibility Scale is a subscale of the Sensation Seeking Scale that primarily focuses on boredom due to perceived monotony or lack of variety (see Zuckerman, 1979). Other instruments exist that appraise specific types of boredom. That is, two scales have been developed that measure leisure/free-time boredom (Iso-Ahola \u0026 Weissinger, 1990; Ragheb \u0026 Merydith, 2001), another measures boredom with regard to sexual matters (Watt \u0026 Ewing, 1996), two scales assess job-related boredom (Grubb, 1975; Lee, 1986), and one instrument has been designed to evaluate how people cope with boredom (Hamilton, Haier, \u0026 Buchsbaum, 1984). 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if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">We analyzed previous exploratory factor analytic structures on the Boredom Proneness Scale (BPS; Farmer & Sundberg, 1986) using confirmatory factor analysis in structural equation modeling in LISREL 8 (Jöreskog & Sörbom, 1993). These analyses indicated that 2 factors were generally consistent across 6 exploratory models. Items that had significant loadings on these two factors (N = 12; 6 for each factor) indicated a lack of Internal Stimulation and External Stimulation. In further analysis on these 12 items using LISREL, we found a much improved fit and provided support for a short form version of the original BPS. We also found the shortened version to be invariant across gender. We discuss implications for the more precise measurement of boredom proneness and the use of the scale in applied settings. The assessment of boredom has been comparatively neglected in the psychological literature. For instance, it has been common to assume that individuals experience boredom in the performance of repetitive or monotonous activities (e.g., O'Hanlon, 1981) or to assess boredom with single-item measures (e.g., Larson & Richards, 1991; Shaw, Caldwell, & Kleiber, 1996). The former approach does not consider individual, subjective reactions to potentially boring stimuli that has been advocated by many researchers (e.g., DeChenne & Moody, 1988; Geiwitz, 1966; Hill & Perkins, 1985; Mikulas & Vodanovich, 1993), whereas the use of single-item devices lack sufficient reliability and validity. The only complete measure available to assess an individual's propensity to be bored is the Boredom Proneness Scale (BPS; Farmer & Sundberg, 1986). The widely used Boredom Susceptibility Scale is a subscale of the Sensation Seeking Scale that primarily focuses on boredom due to perceived monotony or lack of variety (see Zuckerman, 1979). Other instruments exist that appraise specific types of boredom. That is, two scales have been developed that measure leisure/free-time boredom (Iso-Ahola & Weissinger, 1990; Ragheb & Merydith, 2001), another measures boredom with regard to sexual matters (Watt & Ewing, 1996), two scales assess job-related boredom (Grubb, 1975; Lee, 1986), and one instrument has been designed to evaluate how people cope with boredom (Hamilton, Haier, & Buchsbaum, 1984). The internal consistency of the original true-false form of the BPS has ranged from .</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":104335412,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/104668442/A_Confirmatory_Approach_to_the_Factor_Structure_of_the_Boredom_Proneness_Scale_Evidence_for_a_Two_Factor_Short_Form"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":104335412,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/104668442/A_Confirmatory_Approach_to_the_Factor_Structure_of_the_Boredom_Proneness_Scale_Evidence_for_a_Two_Factor_Short_Form"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="104335412" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/104668442/A_Confirmatory_Approach_to_the_Factor_Structure_of_the_Boredom_Proneness_Scale_Evidence_for_a_Two_Factor_Short_Form" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="18065988" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18065988/A_Factor_Analytic_Study_of_the_Boredom_Proneness_Scale">A Factor Analytic Study of the Boredom Proneness Scale</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3736317" href="https://unikore.academia.edu/GiuseppeCraparo">Giuseppe Craparo</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Personality Assessment, 1990</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Objective: Boredom is an emotion characterized of lack of pleasure and aims. existing data support the validity of the Boredom Proneness scale (BPs) as an index of boredom proneness. the factor structure of the instrument has been widely examined and yielding inconsistent and contradictory results. Aims: What is needed is empirical confirmation of the possibility that the BPs captures several facets of boredom attitude. to this end, the current study examined the factor structure of the scale within a nonclinical sample.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Factor Analytic Study of the Boredom Proneness Scale","attachmentId":39857359,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/18065988/A_Factor_Analytic_Study_of_the_Boredom_Proneness_Scale","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/18065988/A_Factor_Analytic_Study_of_the_Boredom_Proneness_Scale"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="4724789" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4724789/A_factor_analytic_study_of_the_Boredom_Proneness_Scale_BPS_">A factor analytic study of the Boredom Proneness Scale (BPS). </a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3478886" href="https://mariatomarchio.academia.edu/PalmiraFaraci">Palmira Faraci</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2013</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Objective: Boredom is an emotion characterized of lack of pleasure and aims. existing data support the validity of the Boredom Proneness scale (BPs) as an index of boredom proneness. the factor structure of the instrument has been widely examined and yielding inconsistent and contradictory results. Aims: What is needed is empirical confirmation of the possibility that the BPs captures several facets of boredom attitude. to this end, the current study examined the factor structure of the scale within a nonclinical sample.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A factor analytic study of the Boredom Proneness Scale (BPS). ","attachmentId":33650201,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4724789/A_factor_analytic_study_of_the_Boredom_Proneness_Scale_BPS_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4724789/A_factor_analytic_study_of_the_Boredom_Proneness_Scale_BPS_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="99344229" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/99344229/The_Habitual_Boredom_Scale_Preliminary_Findings">The Habitual Boredom Scale: Preliminary Findings</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42071160" href="https://vcu.academia.edu/RichardBargdill">Richard Bargdill</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2023</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This research presents the conceptualization of habitual boredom and the development of a scale for its measure. Bargdill suggests that habitually bored individuals experience five overlapping psychological themes: ambivalence, passive avoidance stance, passive hope, identity confusion and shame. The authors propose that situational boredom and habitual boredom are two different constructs. Other boredom scales have mixed the two constructs together during their development. This scale of habitual boredom has been developed in terms of the five themes and has been tested through several prior administrations. This paper reports the results of the latest test that reflects modification and refinement of the scale through previous tests. The data indicate that the scale with 35 items is fairly reliable. Each of the five themes measured by the scale is configured by seven items. The current iteration has included two face validity questions. Persons experiencing habitual boredom are at risk of serious psychological impacts since the changing situations does not seem to curb the effects of boredom.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Habitual Boredom Scale: Preliminary Findings","attachmentId":100459489,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/99344229/The_Habitual_Boredom_Scale_Preliminary_Findings","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/99344229/The_Habitual_Boredom_Scale_Preliminary_Findings"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="103329592" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/103329592/Psychometric_Analysis_of_the_Multidimensional_State_Boredom_Scale_and_Its_Condensed_Versions">Psychometric Analysis of the Multidimensional State Boredom Scale and Its Condensed Versions</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="273668581" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SheridanJudith">Judith Sheridan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Assessment, 2016</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The Multidimensional State Boredom Scale (MSBS) is a promising new self-report measure of state boredom. Two condensed versions of the scale have also been introduced. This study helped explore the psychometric qualities of these scales, using a large sample of Australian adults (N = 1,716), as well as two smaller samples (N = 199 and N = 422). Data analyses indicated strong convergent validity and very high internal consistency for the scales. Test-retest reliability over a 6- to 8-day period was moderately high. Confirmatory factor analyses of the MSBS authors&#39; suggested factor structure indicated good fit for this model. However, some of the data analyses raise questions as to whether the scale includes meaningful subfactors. Overall, the MSBS (and Short Form) is recommended for researchers who wish to assess state boredom.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Psychometric Analysis of the Multidimensional State Boredom Scale and Its Condensed Versions","attachmentId":103365769,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/103329592/Psychometric_Analysis_of_the_Multidimensional_State_Boredom_Scale_and_Its_Condensed_Versions","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/103329592/Psychometric_Analysis_of_the_Multidimensional_State_Boredom_Scale_and_Its_Condensed_Versions"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="38617605" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38617605/Psychometric_Measures_of_Boredom_A_Review_of_the_Literature">Psychometric Measures of Boredom: A Review of the Literature</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="106200883" href="https://ftu.academia.edu/V%E1%BA%A1nLinh">Vạn Linh</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This research presents a review of the psychometric measures on boredom that have been developed over the past 25 years.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Psychometric Measures of Boredom: A Review of the Literature","attachmentId":58694220,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38617605/Psychometric_Measures_of_Boredom_A_Review_of_the_Literature","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/38617605/Psychometric_Measures_of_Boredom_A_Review_of_the_Literature"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="25970468" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25970468/Boredom_proneness_Its_relationship_to_psychological_and_physical_health_symptoms">Boredom proneness: Its relationship to psychological- and physical-health symptoms</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="49776491" href="https://uwf.academia.edu/StephenVodanovich">Stephen Vodanovich</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2000</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The relationship between boredom proneness and health-symptom reporting was examined. Undergraduate students (N ϭ 200) completed the Boredom Proneness Scale and the Hopkins Symptom Checklist. A multiple analysis of covariance indicated that individuals with high boredomproneness total scores reported significantly higher ratings on all five subscales of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (Obsessive-Compulsive, Somatization, Anxiety, Interpersonal Sensitivity, and Depression). The results suggest that boredom proneness may be an important element to consider when assessing symptom reporting. Implications for determining the effects of boredom proneness on psychological-and physical-health symptoms, as well as the application in clinical settings, are discussed.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Boredom proneness: Its relationship to psychological- and physical-health symptoms","attachmentId":46320477,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/25970468/Boredom_proneness_Its_relationship_to_psychological_and_physical_health_symptoms","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/25970468/Boredom_proneness_Its_relationship_to_psychological_and_physical_health_symptoms"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="75748887" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/75748887/The_Dimensions_of_State_Boredom_Frequency_Duration_Unpleasantness_Consequences_and_Causal_Attributions">The Dimensions of State Boredom: Frequency, Duration, Unpleasantness, Consequences and Causal Attributions</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="8146678" href="https://independent.academia.edu/McWellingTodman">McWelling Todman</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2013</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Boredom is a common and pervasive feeling state tha t is believed to be associated with a variety of suboptimal outcomes in areas such as psychological adjustment, academic performance and occupational success. Ho wever, much of the evidence for these associations is based on studies that hav e relied less on measures of the actual experience of boredom (and how individuals m ight construe their boredom), and more on measures of the susceptibility to becom e bored. It is proposed that many of the current approaches to boredom research could benefit from the inclusion of a state-type, self-report measure that permits the as sessment of an individuals cognitive representations of their boredom experien ces (e.g, subjective frequency and duration of boredom episodes) during a circumscribe d period in the individuals recent past. It is argued that without such a measu re, it is not possible to reliably distinguish between the correlates of the personali ty trait of boredom proneness a...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Dimensions of State Boredom: Frequency, Duration, Unpleasantness, Consequences and Causal Attributions","attachmentId":83395908,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/75748887/The_Dimensions_of_State_Boredom_Frequency_Duration_Unpleasantness_Consequences_and_Causal_Attributions","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/75748887/The_Dimensions_of_State_Boredom_Frequency_Duration_Unpleasantness_Consequences_and_Causal_Attributions"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="9278465" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9278465/Leisure_Boredom_Scale_the_Factor_Structure_and_the_Demographic_Differences">Leisure Boredom Scale: the Factor Structure and the Demographic Differences </a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="869682" href="https://kirikkaleturkey.academia.edu/FeyzaMeryemKara">Feyza Meryem Kara</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Leisure Boredom Scale for adults in Turkey. The second purpose was to investigate the differences based on demographic variables (gender, marital status, working sector) regarding leisure boredom. In total 312 employees from public and private sectors (167 female, 145 male) residing in Ankara participated in this study. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were conducted to test the structural validity of the scale. EFA demonstrated that this scale yielded two subscales in the Turkish version. The first factor was named "boredom" and the second factor was named "satisfaction" by the participating researchers after reviewing the related literature and examining the factor structure of the scale. The scale consists of 10 items; the item factor loadings for the overall scale range between 0.38 and 0.83; and the Cronbach Alpha coefficient for the subscales was determined 0.72 for boredom and 0.77 for satisfaction in the final form of the scale. According to t-test results regarding the demographic variables, there was statistically significant difference in gender only in the ‚satisfaction‛ subscale, and between women and men participants, with men participants having higher mean scores (p<.01). There was no significant difference in terms of marital status in total LBS and the subscales. Concerning the working sectors of the participants, the analysis showed significant differences in total LBS and the ‚boredom‛ subscale between public and private sector's participants, with public sector's participants having higher mean scores than the latter (p<.01). In conclusion, the results of the research demonstrated that the Turkish adaptation of ‚The Leisure Boredom Scale‛ can be used as a valid and reliable measurement tool to examine and evaluate the leisure boredom levels of Turkish adults. Another conclusion of the study worth noting is that there were significant differences between the different components of gender and working sector variables in terms of leisure boredom levels.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Leisure Boredom Scale: the Factor Structure and the Demographic Differences ","attachmentId":35542351,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/9278465/Leisure_Boredom_Scale_the_Factor_Structure_and_the_Demographic_Differences","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/9278465/Leisure_Boredom_Scale_the_Factor_Structure_and_the_Demographic_Differences"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="60141018" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/60141018/Causes_of_boredom_The_person_the_situation_or_both">Causes of boredom: The person, the situation, or both?</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="87048620" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JohnEastwood3">John Eastwood</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Some theories emphasize the role of the situation, some emphasize the role of the person, and some emphasize the interaction between situation and person in causing boredom. The present study examines these models by determining whether boredom propensity (person) and/or experimental condition (situation) independently or in interaction affected state boredom. The study also examined the relative contribution of behavioural activation and inhibition to state boredom. Boredom propensity and condition significantly and independently predicted state boredom, as did the interaction between behavioural inhibition and condition. Implications are discussed, including the possibility of two distinct causes of boredom.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Causes of boredom: The person, the situation, or both?","attachmentId":73712856,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/60141018/Causes_of_boredom_The_person_the_situation_or_both","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/60141018/Causes_of_boredom_The_person_the_situation_or_both"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="62135373" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/62135373/Boredom_Construct_causes_and_consequences">Boredom: Construct, causes and consequences</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="46732338" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FisherCynthia">Cynthia Fisher</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">1987</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Our interest in boredom began while we were conducting interviews with enlisted Marines as part of a study of adjustment to overseas transfer. The Marines reported being bored while on duty when they had little to do or were occupied with menial tasks such as picking up cigarette butts or raking sand walkways. This kind of boredom was not surprising, and is discussed in some detail in the existing literature on monotony, repetitive tasks, and job design. The problem of job boredom among soldiers during peace time has also been acknowledged by military scholars (c.f. Alford, 1979; Harris and Segal, 1985). More interesting was the frequent mention of boredom while off duty. The Marines were constrained to a rather limited setting-the base and small surrounding communities-yet there were numerous activities available for off duty hours. We noted great variation in the extent to which individual Marines took advantage of these opportunities to amuse themselves. Despite the fact that the exact same opportunities were available to all, some respondents seemed determined to be bored, while others had no difficulty in finding interesting things to do. The above observations were made in California, before the overseas transfer. Follow-up interviews conducted in Okinawa revealed a similar pattern. Some people were unrelievedly bored, some were constructively entertained (with correspondence courses, body building, or other sports), while others were destructively entertained (drinking to excess and brawling). Further, it appeared that those who were bored or destructive in California tended to adapt to Okinawa in the same dysfuctional way, while those who were better able to entertain themselves in California were also able to do so following transfer (Shaw, Fisher, and Woodman, 1983).</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Boredom: Construct, causes and consequences","attachmentId":74977805,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/62135373/Boredom_Construct_causes_and_consequences","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/62135373/Boredom_Construct_causes_and_consequences"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":104335412,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":104335412,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_104335412" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="25553313" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25553313/The_phenomenon_of_boredom">The phenomenon of boredom</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="10255" href="https://brighton.academia.edu/GrahamStew">Graham Stew</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Qualitative Research in Psychology, 2006</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The phenomenon of boredom","attachmentId":45905148,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/25553313/The_phenomenon_of_boredom","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/25553313/The_phenomenon_of_boredom"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="55072946" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/55072946/Testing_the_predictors_of_boredom_at_school_Development_and_validation_of_the_precursors_to_boredom_scales">Testing the predictors of boredom at school: Development and validation of the precursors to boredom scales</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="28255641" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RobertStupnisky">Robert Stupnisky</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">British Journal of Educational Psychology, 2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Testing the predictors of boredom at school: Development and validation of the precursors to boredom 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