CINXE.COM
Just a moment...
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '917c41171b91f8fc',cH: '5EpFTsGw4WINHtYNq9UDdWCPIw5dlsAHqvQiG9TpnvY-1740534311-1.2.1.1-uUpy5sWaOFtfx4I6RnOUXhogfl4gZNebiP6vURTNAbnS9fuiabY3cEE5aoQv5IlC',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=drive%20cycle&__cf_chl_tk=sbyqT9R8pCXafx8OMUP0Gk1mU9N3NvO3AMrYz0DVprs-1740534311-1.0.1.1-2PUgbzZ44zlsKdRK79ZNLGsfQmjJeIIIqXu0Pd.DmoE",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1740534311',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=drive%20cycle&__cf_chl_f_tk=sbyqT9R8pCXafx8OMUP0Gk1mU9N3NvO3AMrYz0DVprs-1740534311-1.0.1.1-2PUgbzZ44zlsKdRK79ZNLGsfQmjJeIIIqXu0Pd.DmoE",md: "NltZEBMre.SIkO3I4zyFCOTPhh21ouo_yB.sZBFUTmo-1740534311-1.2.1.1-coFJNUaNolmclS2kLm6tLeNq1FWiO81V650OGlFwVZ8OVlpv_vD.lWYdfklZ3wyJkipekzmir.Zm.8r8_xY1iKemGcL8H1N8egCdGhpp31sq8xgZ0N3gEUqkIpyVpKLI.xefaZgs2nTvkIaKXvcc83eKhxyFUI9R3wQ8oHqQHrwtfIZMtq18uaN43IpZ1vfkZZ3xHqiLLwVaUZuA2sxbnUxyUT95_X6mOcGIkP3RhUGdX0FvH8mYQ_IdR7BoW4BmJZGXXJ98ZytrX8eNPKmpEJqSZmOQs8jbJY4rNSYGLviPQzveZIdzhQSxU58sJJr_PXYZ333IYE8b92rh44PbQbi5AQRFuq.LzuWVJay_aiOuFXrG7bg4h9NJ2CbygPvd4e3gSiRr9yBztj0qpyWHsH8I1S9ZiVSOtRT9SFiGXAoBnQ1FDlT8Zx1yMK.ubOxwiSUgydwhyg2h9VJyaJ_dR9ZbKhLf0LD_VGrZcJMYWx7thLduxF7hvnfRvbynnOZKLhy0xDnve79DAcPD3TbwR_I_4fH4sxcTWkP.iGiwDUsWx9DTVZmfJvvq2kA8YiKqe4xqP0Lln3C8HQTsjGTpaOXC9499jUzsdMTDY5a6g1kQi.UFSzHJBRDfcxL_.qobTyZZR_RkDeKLRnc.hjiwzlwfQvSaeW07VDs2mlysnbfUDHq6XHhZGuTZaUtOrvkhKA4pWIX1n6JByMiJGDgU0Sm2HF1jmVrL8JiXqdTcad.WaDHQG97RAl.NKVfYLecK5dnbdxQkYa4_A4ynIhNbPb2p_3BrLWzzJCtsqMK2Wv5aXRV6HIVEpzI3_Mt3lxiGIKxTZwKSqYYqHMLUF0PYcA4U_JupMSyv.NJny8tp3GLdD17Zkle3rcPaYFaUtvzFvlhQo6PQ3Oe.VEhweykrdkKK2HrP64fV22vnElyOTmkUo11.nc8R2rGXHdVekCfI7VsaKFIOP8.zOSvPmrmDb3MR6PwmoUAik2jkn4I5T0SblK.1eo4FyeIRWY4ESReLFSST.8AP6kJbAfX1BNgkAprCW3WEaCgpVq9RE39TjE.K3P59bqn0qpqLjIG86r_iH0PGGqrfUXKR2ak8allMPHwvkuVhz1kBXY6VB4e9Fe.A28PIeiYEmLyB_X13Q7lA1N87MHmsFhGMDjw4y8JBb.zJ5pjaT3RVn_EOwqUaSc2sh.O2sg3TXHWCmMi1jzW7Vl5iri63Ff5WF.Onnfu1SOYon2PMDfs4_lIxaFUR9Id_4ncWDSRxhqnST.31892zvPiHaHJ9HCcwL6y13g83TevucNYWRkC9elKDfHWYYdkLY4T0qLBr0bh0mCNUCFUVdX8iPVTxTD46pUYrHFyFQvWoLf7K_D14jsRuenzi4JCmREWvJrHesG2AIPcdWK0U9hmjXH_7RuPFlIVBkHGQ8wiKxqLZlwnShUcf4Q17Lw4vlE.ZkGsahN6_IRgPQ7S.1Cr42e9AmiqdcU7gXrhZ98cgoe7bfSpGZieeReJeHr5BdFpLL9Yz4ASyi2p4FU8BaFLS0YFj6Sw6T2M3RpjBtVsI2VxIerX9M9X8MtMj6JgoECxWkMKCRMsSiaP2NVpErwZXXM_eVaN6PDtu7Z.dw2kTnb7wbkEu_5XZFbfbcZ0BNs991_UUmmFE8PPeVbUBT1I5lcZH03xHDmmWmivcZg0GNxUqqHC5Bm4cw_1uwwUPF7tjfC3LnPL8umkuk.AdJspZlTm6wfir8Nu7fOarZiTicWckuShwv9FsIjxKrhAwcdFGpvTq1POkbj5A5RV27kRUNxTpMUqlVRu6pqvhhCr77dhSuZEimvTsaW3iistJBIx4omPGwBEZsnUocbLe906weLnNnW44olc9reFEJoy7CFqgXVguwqP.K4vM8W8vJmILgJlYtnZGk14.L7S8ZiZFoBMi_8uf6BD2ix5ougmKATEjhiBOw9FpQeY1TSs",mdrd: "n0ChV223TQ8dLFebE9RdPzqZydv3ivb3xfFkBwss5CA-1740534311-1.2.1.1-qz6gE8GS9bdtsIcyFgxno3l373r05IvMobAUVE8eoKqahTB8VN9mZG9ZluMz7JF5WP9dlhV9BC1n4sIpUgwS1tKvQ2UP13aHAXMDbuLfFDT1rfZEXzTtgAMCUn2wZpAA2z0eYv4EKgf4VrEGjtn3bSqT8Z25aNWgLQpWUcDSUhy2R5gwi82etBxsQHxDqFE.toe7BMI8qFSTwx5kcFXJy1ppal19qkXx9NYhsUqHN2Is6Jkv0n6uRFTv20qFOHnBERo1992.vtt4jzBd4rmVOPa6.BZS1sAhlB0Nffv.zlQu7Y0rdtSIxHgBa99ojzCuecYCdJT24lX7.3gfLQ4EsOS7IRFOk8WPQ.LjSHP7ZAoHoSFcSkHebjXjezubjTEdDcGwwQ60D3kBqxiB313vM1HZfgXyVmRq4gdLoN0lIk.kKk5d3PHJojbEbqLSGLAYYUXyHlLcE7UZsEwBtUSx9o8zP.OKeTd7c..nEMc4Vghv.gKN4wKpZlE9sztZUu38nNYvSkNkMr4N7YKGSJl5cY1BQJ3vkooL40GCeaqk_VxWmUZTEOFii1spztmeVxnGHZ9_x.BKr89epX8f0P2nMyjuxNDXghwZF_Qn2jVuMGoi7LYLmxudup085gwMkG8eudDpi2uGeXXL3Kd45UP7PthoI8mPMKKAaj_F_Warl8Uu6c0ohENLs5jsgp4cWjZwtJ7tzDxWcN4BqrpUKGGQd.Z_eTl6zpUcnBzUs444OZICXwZ7W5KoMffR5mSpjUhlxIneXO3fa_kBaU8TpguLLqfigUVf00rDuZr8WLGeuTYaDF6hw_yE8Dp4TUiTnZwOKX4if_l98Ry4ftttLR5JVoQaSl.tvHnfye_T1xrGhenoYGdJwppo3W.hTld.PqG.fjXYq5LGCILyPfCAxrmqj6Id.ULNYtdipTTeu2Ul8C2f4ypEZkoiYzvLyOsip2DKA1DTFLWRCA0d5nLKGraesSK1mtBhZzTCMsQeF8djwP3.gV0MkUCA6XiGTeDsLDhihZRqT_4SobOJrogyqvcjJzgXA160zz_P80q.IC2DjWmRP10mRt70f27a5FYZYu.XrkkCkRt1lUlPdMMtFvXHiVmdTp7azUL_GMw7bP_FgvXjrX9kP2GwKd3L50TyP4SccbnwPO4ei4ZnmJXZ7k0kJzZ9oaMIL0ns.yyrsM2uD.mQDfZWNRosQssPrlQQmDH3V3uzPDmwl89e1Tsh3pYN.pG05TeDxxTltuSiF3276Vu0mNO6UIeNzw.tvmcbYo1UalbqpN8a1op1JohI5XCfrvnZhh9TwoZq8obS9EZQ9BxlHFgS8kqP8o3YWGm4ch.0jpH2NuNK79I_t9b.fKZizeaRuV7gKMSrdmoyK_rZSjsJ0lOjTzZuhLtwW5n8_6aTcsthwBUqV0Bs90n9YW28l5ezpUKsdEFZVXB59t_5jl6lOKxniPzj.mMV5YwFP7_TulHvR8dUZ.Rdb.LkJ4lIaVGndbHIUzO9pZRd.cMouUMFtp6d4lOUGpLV80GGbz_uwsWfWarDoOmtx_pc6ffFdtxgybJdvZiLaMp3HhM.coXkCv3oCO1yvIIF5TZw0x4Vqo_PJK4O0QajB5cPX.Cbb0PN1...lJK93oAg2bIyfgl0_YCN1baFNHyvNViIlGLdvy0zvGIyHxErECapxYYVWOMJvPK1Toibr4mlJjePwAYhokxytoRplCvk6VUqseZXdF1snF4GcGl1m_SBk95T8HE9IT1TJIYHgEX_WHFipjygbsXUKpBqrYsHzAanL4Mp7Vf3wqN.4m1y9y4sr3f0RI75Hx4GwnAo4UE5sRC735ur6CUjjElo_.aLSsSgxpBrX0.rUs3ufAwLx2oo1cVws9YDboPpieO4vpgCXxqW5tN.A_suLQTvWiagbrPmTOlc.rdATYJwbC3Ddgi8FNvQoMl5YjYxRTpdY2qy3zGBT4FwzS4FXaWktH7uPsbo1XZS"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=917c41171b91f8fc';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=drive%20cycle&__cf_chl_rt_tk=sbyqT9R8pCXafx8OMUP0Gk1mU9N3NvO3AMrYz0DVprs-1740534311-1.0.1.1-2PUgbzZ44zlsKdRK79ZNLGsfQmjJeIIIqXu0Pd.DmoE" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>