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</li> <li id="toc-Presidency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Presidency </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Presidency-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Presidency subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Presidency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_term_(1994–2001)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_term_(1994–2001)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 First term (1994–2001) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_term_(1994–2001)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_term_(2001–2006)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_term_(2001–2006)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Second term (2001–2006) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_term_(2001–2006)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third_term_(2006–2010)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_term_(2006–2010)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Third term (2006–2010) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_term_(2006–2010)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fourth_term_(2010–2015)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fourth_term_(2010–2015)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Fourth term (2010–2015) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fourth_term_(2010–2015)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fifth_term_(2015–2020)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fifth_term_(2015–2020)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Fifth term (2015–2020) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fifth_term_(2015–2020)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sixth_term_(2020–2025)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sixth_term_(2020–2025)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Sixth term (2020–2025) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sixth_term_(2020–2025)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seventh_term_(2025–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seventh_term_(2025–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7 Seventh term (2025–present) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seventh_term_(2025–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Domestic_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestic_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.8 Domestic policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domestic_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.8.1 Economy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-COVID-19_pandemic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#COVID-19_pandemic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.8.2 COVID-19 pandemic </div> </a> <ul id="toc-COVID-19_pandemic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_repression" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_repression"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.9 Political repression </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_repression-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Torture,_sexual_abuse_and_other_forms_of_repression" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Torture,_sexual_abuse_and_other_forms_of_repression"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.9.1 Torture, sexual abuse and other forms of repression </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Torture,_sexual_abuse_and_other_forms_of_repression-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Forced_disappearances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forced_disappearances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.9.2 Forced disappearances </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forced_disappearances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Assassination_plans_on_dissidents_abroad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assassination_plans_on_dissidents_abroad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.9.3 Assassination plans on dissidents abroad </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assassination_plans_on_dissidents_abroad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Allegations_of_state-sponsored_hijacking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allegations_of_state-sponsored_hijacking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.9.4 Allegations of state-sponsored hijacking </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allegations_of_state-sponsored_hijacking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.10 Foreign policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.10.1 Russia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_Union" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_Union"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.10.2 European Union </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_Union-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.10.3 United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.10.4 China </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_East" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_East"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.10.5 Middle East </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_East-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Others" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Others"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.10.6 Others </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Others-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Public life </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Public_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Public life subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Public_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Controversial_statements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversial_statements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Controversial statements </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controversial_statements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_opinion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_opinion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Public opinion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_opinion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accusations_of_corruption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accusations_of_corruption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Accusations of corruption </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accusations_of_corruption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Personal life </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Personal life subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Marriage_and_children" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriage_and_children"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Marriage and children </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriage_and_children-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion_and_beliefs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_and_beliefs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Religion and beliefs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_and_beliefs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orders_and_honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orders_and_honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Orders and honors </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Orders_and_honors-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Orders and honors subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Orders_and_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-National_orders_and_honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_orders_and_honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 National orders and honors </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_orders_and_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecclesial_orders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecclesial_orders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Ecclesial orders </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecclesial_orders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Municipal_honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Municipal_honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Municipal honors </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Municipal_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Educational_honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Educational_honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Educational honors </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Educational_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_distinctions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_distinctions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 Other distinctions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_distinctions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Explanatory_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explanatory_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Explanatory notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explanatory_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Alexander Lukashenko</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 125 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-125" aria-hidden="true" > 125 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Loekasjenko" title="Aleksandr Loekasjenko – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Aleksandr Loekasjenko" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aljaksandr_Lukaschenka" title="Aljaksandr Lukaschenka – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Aljaksandr Lukaschenka" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%83%D9%88" title="ألكسندر لوكاشينكو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ألكسندر لوكاشينكو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Lukashenko" title="Aleksandr Lukashenko – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Aleksandr Lukashenko" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Luka%C5%9Fenko" title="Aleksandr Lukaşenko – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Aleksandr Lukaşenko" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%88" title="الکساندر لوکاشنکو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="الکساندر لوکاشنکو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B" title="আলেকজান্ডার লুকাশেঙ্কো – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আলেকজান্ডার লুকাশেঙ্কো" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliaksandr_Luka%C5%A1enka" title="Aliaksandr Lukašenka – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Aliaksandr Lukašenka" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Лукашенко Александр Григорьевич – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Лукашенко Александр Григорьевич" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%A0%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Аляксандр Рыгоравіч Лукашэнка – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Аляксандр Рыгоравіч Лукашэнка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Аляксандар Лукашэнка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Аляксандар Лукашэнка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksander_Lukashenko" title="Aleksander Lukashenko – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Aleksander Lukashenko" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Александър Лукашенко – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Александър Лукашенко" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aljaksandr_Lukaschenka" title="Aljaksandr Lukaschenka – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Aljaksandr Lukaschenka" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandar_Luka%C5%A1enko" title="Aleksandar Lukašenko – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Aleksandar Lukašenko" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alyaksandr_Loukachenka" title="Alyaksandr Loukachenka – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Alyaksandr Loukachenka" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Lukaixenko" title="Aleksandr Lukaixenko – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Aleksandr Lukaixenko" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Лукашенко Александр Григорьевич – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Лукашенко Александр Григорьевич" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandr_Luka%C5%A1enko" title="Alexandr Lukašenko – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Alexandr Lukašenko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Lukashenko" title="Alexander Lukashenko – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Alexander Lukashenko" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Lukasjenko" title="Aleksandr Lukasjenko – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Aleksandr Lukasjenko" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aljaksandr_Luka%C5%A1enka" title="Aljaksandr Lukašenka – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Aljaksandr Lukašenka" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aljaksandr_Lukaschenka" title="Aljaksandr Lukaschenka – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Aljaksandr Lukaschenka" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aljaksandr_Luka%C5%A1enka" title="Aljaksandr Lukašenka – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Aljaksandr Lukašenka" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81_%CE%9B%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%BA%CE%BF" title="Αλεξάντερ Λουκασένκο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αλεξάντερ Λουκασένκο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Lukashenko" title="Aleksandr Lukashenko – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Aleksandr Lukashenko" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandro_Luka%C5%9Denko" title="Aleksandro Lukaŝenko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Aleksandro Lukaŝenko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliaksandr_Lukaxenka" title="Aliaksandr Lukaxenka – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Aliaksandr Lukaxenka" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%88" title="الکساندر لوکاشنکو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الکساندر لوکاشنکو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Loukachenko" title="Alexandre Loukachenko – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alexandre Loukachenko" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_L%C3%BBkasjenko" title="Aleksandr Lûkasjenko – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Aleksandr Lûkasjenko" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Lukashenko" title="Alexander Lukashenko – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Alexander Lukashenko" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliaksandr_Luka%C5%A1enka" title="Aliaksandr Lukašenka – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Aliaksandr Lukašenka" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EB%A0%89%EC%82%B0%EB%93%9C%EB%A5%B4_%EB%A3%A8%EC%B9%B4%EC%85%B4%EC%BD%94" title="알렉산드르 루카셴코 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="알렉산드르 루카셴코" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Lukashenko" title="Alexander Lukashenko – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Alexander Lukashenko" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%A5%D6%84%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D6%80_%D4%BC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%AF%D5%B8" title="Ալեքսանդր Լուկաշենկո – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալեքսանդր Լուկաշենկո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B" title="अलेक्जेंडर लुकाशेंको – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अलेक्जेंडर लुकाशेंको" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aljaksandr_Luka%C5%A1enka" title="Aljaksandr Lukašenka – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Aljaksandr Lukašenka" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandar_Luka%C5%A1enko" title="Aleksandar Lukašenko – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Aleksandar Lukašenko" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliaxandr_Rihoravich_Lukashenka" title="Aliaxandr Rihoravich Lukashenka – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Aliaxandr Rihoravich Lukashenka" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Lukashenko" title="Aleksandr Lukashenko – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Aleksandr Lukashenko" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aljaksandr_Luka%C5%A1%C4%97nka" title="Aljaksandr Lukašėnka – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Aljaksandr Lukašėnka" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Lukashenko" title="Aleksandr Lukashenko – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Aleksandr Lukashenko" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%8B_%D1%84%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%82" title="Лукашенко, Александр Григорийы фырт – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Лукашенко, Александр Григорийы фырт" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_L%C3%BAkasjenk%C3%B3" title="Alexander Lúkasjenkó – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Alexander Lúkasjenkó" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aljaksandr_Luka%C5%A1%C4%97nka" title="Aljaksandr Lukašėnka – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Aljaksandr Lukašėnka" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A8_%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%95" title="אלכסנדר לוקשנקו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלכסנדר לוקשנקו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Lukashenko" title="Aleksandr Lukashenko – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Aleksandr Lukashenko" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D" title="ალექსანდრე ლუკაშენკო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ალექსანდრე ლუკაშენკო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Александр Григорьевич Лукашенко – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Александр Григорьевич Лукашенко" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Lukashenko" title="Alexander Lukashenko – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Alexander Lukashenko" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Александр Лукашенко – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Александр Лукашенко" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B5_%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%81" title="ອາເລັກຊານເດີ ລູກາເຊນໂກ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ອາເລັກຊານເດີ ລູກາເຊນໂກ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Luka%C5%A1enko" title="Alexander Lukašenko – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Alexander Lukašenko" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C4%BCaksandrs_Luka%C5%A1enka" title="Aļaksandrs Lukašenka – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Aļaksandrs Lukašenka" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aljaksandr_Lukaschenka" title="Aljaksandr Lukaschenka – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Aljaksandr Lukaschenka" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandras_Luka%C5%A1enka" title="Aleksandras Lukašenka – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Aleksandras Lukašenka" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aljaksandar_Luka%C5%A1enka" title="Aljaksandar Lukašenka – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Aljaksandar Lukašenka" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aljakszandr_Rihoravics_Lukasenka" title="Aljakszandr Rihoravics Lukasenka – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Aljakszandr Rihoravics Lukasenka" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Александар Лукашенко – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Александар Лукашенко" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Loukachenko" title="Alexandre Loukachenko – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Alexandre Loukachenko" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B" title="अलेक्झांडर लुकाशेन्को – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अलेक्झांडर लुकाशेन्को" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D" title="ალექსანდრე ლუკაშენკო – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ალექსანდრე ლუკაშენკო" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%83%D9%88" title="الكسندر لوكاشينكو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الكسندر لوكاشينكو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%88" title="الکساندر لوکاشنکو – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="الکساندر لوکاشنکو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Lukashenko" title="Aleksandr Lukashenko – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Aleksandr Lukashenko" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Александр Лукашенко – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Александр Лукашенко" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9C%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%87%E1%80%94%E1%80%B9%E1%80%92%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8_%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B0%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF" title="အလက်ဇန္ဒား လူကာရှင်ကို – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အလက်ဇန္ဒား လူကာရှင်ကို" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Loekasjenko" title="Aleksandr Loekasjenko – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Aleksandr Loekasjenko" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B" title="अलेक्जेन्डर लुकासेन्को – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अलेक्जेन्डर लुकासेन्को" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AC%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AB%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B3" title="アレクサンドル・ルカシェンコ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アレクサンドル・ルカシェンコ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aljaksandr_Lukaschenka" title="Aljaksandr Lukaschenka – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Aljaksandr Lukaschenka" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Lukasjenko" title="Aleksandr Lukasjenko – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Aleksandr Lukasjenko" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliaksandr_Lukashenka" title="Aliaksandr Lukashenka – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Aliaksandr Lukashenka" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Лукашенко, Александр Григорьевич – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Лукашенко, Александр Григорьевич" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Lukashenko" title="Aleksandr Lukashenko – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Aleksandr Lukashenko" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Lukashenko" title="Alexander Lukashenko – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Alexander Lukashenko" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangcah</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Lukashenko" title="Aleksandr Lukashenko – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Aleksandr Lukashenko" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%88" title="الکساندر لوکاشنکو – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="الکساندر لوکاشنکو" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaksandr_%C5%81ukaszenka" title="Alaksandr Łukaszenka – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Alaksandr Łukaszenka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Lukashenko" title="Aleksandr Lukashenko – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Aleksandr Lukashenko" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C3%A2ksandr_Luka%C5%9Fenka" title="Alâksandr Lukaşenka – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Alâksandr Lukaşenka" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Lukashenko" title="Aleksandr Lukashenko – Tahitian" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Aleksandr Lukashenko" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Reo tahiti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Luka%C8%99enko" title="Aleksandr Lukașenko – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Aleksandr Lukașenko" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Luka%C8%99enko" title="Aleksandr Lukașenko – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Aleksandr Lukașenko" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Александр Лукашенко – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Александр Лукашенко" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Лукашенко, Александр Григорьевич – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лукашенко, Александр Григорьевич" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Александр Лукашенко – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Александр Лукашенко" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Lukashenko" title="Alexander Lukashenko – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Alexander Lukashenko" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Lukashenko" title="Alexander Lukashenko – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Alexander Lukashenko" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Lukashenko" title="Alexander Lukashenko – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Alexander Lukashenko" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seediq</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aljeksandr_Llukashenka" title="Aljeksandr Llukashenka – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Aljeksandr Llukashenka" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Lukachenko" title="Alexander Lukachenko – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Alexander Lukachenko" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Lukashenko" title="Alexander Lukashenko – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Alexander Lukashenko" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandr_Grigorievi%C4%8D_Luka%C5%A1enko" title="Alexandr Grigorievič Lukašenko – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Alexandr Grigorievič Lukašenko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksander_Luka%C5%A1enko" title="Aleksander Lukašenko – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Aleksander Lukašenko" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%94%D1%AF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%8A_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%94%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Алєѯандръ Лоукашєнко – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Алєѯандръ Лоукашєнко" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaksandar_%C5%81ukaszenka" title="Alaksandar Łukaszenka – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Alaksandar Łukaszenka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%84%DB%8E%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1_%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%A9%DB%86" title="ئەلێکساندەر لوکاشینکۆ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەلێکساندەر لوکاشینکۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Александар Лукашенко – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Александар Лукашенко" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandar_Luka%C5%A1enko" title="Aleksandar Lukašenko – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Aleksandar Lukašenko" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aljaksandr_Luka%C5%A1enka" title="Aljaksandr Lukašenka – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aljaksandr Lukašenka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Lukasjenko" title="Aleksandr Lukasjenko – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Aleksandr Lukasjenko" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Lukashenko" title="Aleksandr Lukashenko – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Aleksandr Lukashenko" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B" title="அலெக்சாண்டர் லுகசெங்கோ – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அலெக்சாண்டர் லுகசெங்கோ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Александр Лукашенко – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Александр Лукашенко" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Lukashenko" title="Alexander Lukashenko – Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Alexander Lukashenko" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2" title="อาเลียกซันดร์ ลูกาแชนกา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อาเลียกซันดร์ ลูกาแชนกา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Александр Лукашенко – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Александр Лукашенко" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Luka%C5%9Fenko" title="Aleksandr Lukaşenko – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Aleksandr Lukaşenko" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Лукашенко Олександр Григорович – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лукашенко Олександр Григорович" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88%D8%B1_%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%88" title="الیگزینڈر لوکاشینکو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="الیگزینڈر لوکاشینکو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%90%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%84%DB%87%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%90%D9%86%D9%83%D9%88" title="ئالېكساندر لۇكاشېنكو – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئالېكساندر لۇكاشېنكو" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luka%C5%A1enko_Aleksandr" title="Lukašenko Aleksandr – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Lukašenko Aleksandr" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliaksandr_Ryhoravi%C4%8D_Luka%C5%A1enka" title="Aliaksandr Ryhoravič Lukašenka – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Aliaksandr Ryhoravič Lukašenka" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81uka%C5%A1enka_Alaksandr" title="Łukašenka Alaksandr – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Łukašenka Alaksandr" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaksandar_Loukachenka" title="Alaksandar Loukachenka – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Alaksandar Loukachenka" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Lukashenko" title="Aleksandr Lukashenko – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Aleksandr Lukashenko" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C%E6%88%88%E9%87%8C%E8%80%B6%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%8D%A2%E5%8D%A1%E7%94%B3%E7%A7%91" title="亚历山大·格里戈里耶维奇·卢卡申科 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="亚历山大·格里戈里耶维奇·卢卡申科" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A8_%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%90" title="אלעקסאנדר לוקאשענקא – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אלעקסאנדר לוקאשענקא" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Lukashenko" title="Alexander Lukashenko – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Alexander Lukashenko" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E5%8D%A1%E7%94%B3%E7%A7%91" title="盧卡申科 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="盧卡申科" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleks%C4%97ndra_Loka%C5%A1enka" title="Aleksėndra Lokašenka – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Aleksėndra Lokašenka" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E5%8D%A2%E5%8D%A1%E7%94%B3%E7%A7%91" title="亚历山大·卢卡申科 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="亚历山大·卢卡申科" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Luka%C5%A1enko" title="Aleksandr Lukašenko – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Aleksandr Lukašenko" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a 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article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">President of Belarus since 1994</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote 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For other people with the name, see <a href="/wiki/Lukashenko_(surname)" title="Lukashenko (surname)">Lukashenko (surname)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this name that follows <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Slavic_naming_customs" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Slavic naming customs">Eastern Slavic naming customs</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Patronymic" title="Patronymic">patronymic</a> is Grigoryevich and the <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">family name</a> is Lukashenko.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Excellency" title="Excellency">His Excellency</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Alexander Lukashenko</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>Александр Лукашенко Аляксандр Лукашэнка</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexander_Lukashenko_(2024-05-24)_(cropped)_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Alexander_Lukashenko_%282024-05-24%29_%28cropped%29_3.jpg/220px-Alexander_Lukashenko_%282024-05-24%29_%28cropped%29_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Alexander_Lukashenko_%282024-05-24%29_%28cropped%29_3.jpg/330px-Alexander_Lukashenko_%282024-05-24%29_%28cropped%29_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Alexander_Lukashenko_%282024-05-24%29_%28cropped%29_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="396" data-file-height="546" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Lukashenko in 2024</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">1st <a href="/wiki/President_of_Belarus" title="President of Belarus">President of Belarus</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">Assumed office 20 July 1994<a href="#cite_note-4">[a]</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Prime Minister</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Chigir" title="Mikhail Chigir">Mikhail Chigir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Ling" title="Sergey Ling">Sergey Ling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Yermoshin" title="Vladimir Yermoshin">Vladimir Yermoshin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gennady_Novitsky" title="Gennady Novitsky">Gennady Novitsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Sidorsky" title="Sergei Sidorsky">Sergei Sidorsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Myasnikovich" title="Mikhail Myasnikovich">Mikhail Myasnikovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Kobyakov" title="Andrei Kobyakov">Andrei Kobyakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syarhey_Rumas" title="Syarhey Rumas">Syarhey Rumas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Golovchenko" title="Roman Golovchenko">Roman Golovchenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Turchin" title="Alexander Turchin">Alexander Turchin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Myechyslaw_Hryb" title="Myechyslaw Hryb">Myechyslaw Hryb</a> (as <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Soviet_of_Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Soviet of Belarus">Chairman of the Supreme Council</a>)</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">1st <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_All-Belarusian_People%27s_Assembly" title="Chairman of the All-Belarusian People's Assembly">Chairman of the All-Belarusian People's Assembly</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">Assumed office 24 April 2024</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Kosinets" title="Aleksandr Kosinets">Aleksandr Kosinets</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Office established</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Chairman of the Supreme State Council of the <a href="/wiki/Union_State" title="Union State">Union State</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">Assumed office 26 January 2000</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Chairman of the Council of Ministers</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Kasyanov" title="Mikhail Kasyanov">Mikhail Kasyanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Fradkov" title="Mikhail Fradkov">Mikhail Fradkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Zubkov" title="Viktor Zubkov">Viktor Zubkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Mishustin" title="Mikhail Mishustin">Mikhail Mishustin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">General Secretary</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Borodin" title="Pavel Borodin">Pavel Borodin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigory_Rapota" title="Grigory Rapota">Grigory Rapota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Mezentsev" title="Dmitry Mezentsev">Dmitry Mezentsev</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Office established</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_of_Belarus" title="Supreme Council of Belarus">Supreme Council of Belarus</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 25 August 1991 – 20 July 1994</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Alexander Grigoryevich Lukashenko</div> (1954-08-30) 30 August 1954 (age 70) <a href="/wiki/Kopys" title="Kopys">Kopys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic">Byelorussian SSR</a>, Soviet Union (now Belarus)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> (1992–present)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Communist Party of the Soviet Union</a> (1979–1991)</li> <li>Communists for Democracy (1991–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belaya_Rus" title="Belaya Rus">Belaya Rus</a> (2007–present)<a href="#cite_note-5">[b]</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Galina_Lukashenko" title="Galina Lukashenko">Galina Zhelnerovich</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1975)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Lukashenko" title="Viktor Lukashenko">Viktor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Lukashenko" title="Dmitry Lukashenko">Dmitry</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Lukashenko" title="Nikolai Lukashenko">Nikolai</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data">Politician</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Economist" title="Economist">Economist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Collective_farming" title="Collective farming">collective farmer</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:SigAlexanderLukashenko.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Alexander Lukashenko's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/SigAlexanderLukashenko.svg/128px-SigAlexanderLukashenko.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/SigAlexanderLukashenko.svg/192px-SigAlexanderLukashenko.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/SigAlexanderLukashenko.svg/256px-SigAlexanderLukashenko.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="782" data-file-height="210" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://president.gov.by/en/">president.gov.by/en/</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/60px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Border_Troops" title="Soviet Border Troops">Soviet Border Troops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Belarus" title="Armed Forces of Belarus">Belarusian Armed Forces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>1975–1977</li> <li>1980–1982</li> <li>1994–present</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Podpolkovnik" title="Podpolkovnik">Lieutenant colonel</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Alexander Grigoryevich Lukashenko<a href="#cite_note-8">[c]</a> (also transliterated as Alyaksandr Ryhoravich Lukashenka;<a href="#cite_note-10">[d]</a> born 30 August 1954) is a Belarusian politician who has been the first and only <a href="/wiki/President_of_Belarus" title="President of Belarus">president of Belarus</a> since the office's establishment in 1994,<a href="#cite_note-worldfactbook2-11">[7]</a> making him the <a href="/wiki/List_of_current_state_leaders_by_date_of_assumption_of_office" title="List of current state leaders by date of assumption of office">current longest-serving European leader</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_News-2020-12">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[9]</a> Before embarking on his political career, Lukashenko worked as the director of a state farm (<a href="/wiki/Sovkhoz" title="Sovkhoz">sovkhoz</a>) and served in both the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Border_Troops" title="Soviet Border Troops">Soviet Border Troops</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Army" title="Soviet Army">Soviet Army</a>. In 1990, Lukashenko was elected to the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Soviet_of_the_Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Supreme Soviet of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic">Supreme Soviet of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic</a>. Following the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">dissolution of the Soviet Union</a>, he assumed the position of head of the interim anti-corruption committee of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_of_Belarus" title="Supreme Council of Belarus">Supreme Council of Belarus</a>. In 1994, he won the presidency in the country's <a href="/wiki/1994_Belarusian_presidential_election" title="1994 Belarusian presidential election">inaugural presidential election</a> after the adoption of a new <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Belarus" title="Constitution of Belarus">constitution</a>. Lukashenko opposed <a href="/wiki/Shock_therapy_(economics)" title="Shock therapy (economics)">economic shock therapy</a> during the 1990s post-Soviet transition, maintaining <a href="/wiki/State_ownership" title="State ownership">state ownership</a> of key industries in Belarus. This spared Belarus from recessions as devastating as those in other <a href="/wiki/Post-Soviet_states" title="Post-Soviet states">post-Soviet states</a> and the former <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a> countries which prevented the rise of <a href="/wiki/Oligarchy" title="Oligarchy">oligarchy</a>. Lukashenko's maintenance of the socialist economic model is consistent with the retaining of <a href="/wiki/Nostalgia_for_the_Soviet_Union" title="Nostalgia for the Soviet Union">Soviet-era symbolism</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Russian_language_in_Belarus" title="Russian language in Belarus">Russian language</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_Arms_of_Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Coat of Arms of Belarus">coat of arms</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Belarus" title="Flag of Belarus">national flag</a>. These symbols were adopted after a controversial <a href="/wiki/1995_Belarusian_referendum" title="1995 Belarusian referendum">1995 referendum</a>. Subsequent to the same referendum, Lukashenko acquired increased power, including the authority to dismiss the Supreme Council. Another <a href="/wiki/1996_Belarusian_referendum" title="1996 Belarusian referendum">referendum in 1996</a> further facilitated his consolidation of power. Lukashenko has since presided over an <a href="/wiki/Authoritarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Authoritarian">authoritarian</a> <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Belarus" title="Government of Belarus">government</a> and has been labeled by the media as "Europe's last dictator".<a href="#cite_note-14">[10]</a> <a href="/wiki/Election_monitoring" title="Election monitoring">International monitors</a> have not regarded <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Belarus" title="Elections in Belarus">Belarusian elections</a> as <a href="/wiki/Free_and_fair_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="Free and fair elections">free and fair</a>, except for his initial win. The government suppresses opponents and <a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Belarus" title="Censorship in Belarus">limits media freedom</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[11]</a> This has resulted in multiple Western governments imposing <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_and_organizations_sanctioned_in_relation_to_human_rights_violations_in_Belarus" title="List of people and organizations sanctioned in relation to human rights violations in Belarus">sanctions on Lukashenko and other Belarusian officials</a>.<a href="#cite_note-16">[12]</a> Lukashenko's contested victory in the <a href="/wiki/2020_Belarusian_presidential_election" title="2020 Belarusian presidential election">2020 presidential election</a> preceded allegations of <a href="/wiki/Vote_rigging" class="mw-redirect" title="Vote rigging">vote-rigging</a>, amplifying <a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Belarusian_protests" title="2020–2021 Belarusian protests">anti-government protests</a>, the largest seen during his rule.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_News-2020-12">[8]</a> Consequently, the United Kingdom, the European Union, and the United States ceased to recognise Lukashenko as the legitimate president of Belarus following the disputed election.<a href="#cite_note-17">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-Axios-18">[14]</a> Such isolation from parts of the <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">West</a> has increased his dependence on <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, with whom Lukashenko had already maintained close ties despite some <a href="/wiki/Milk_War" title="Milk War">disagreements related to trade</a>. This has been particularly the case following the rise to power of <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>, replacing reformist president <a href="/wiki/Boris_Yeltsin" title="Boris Yeltsin">Boris Yeltsin</a>. Lukashenko played a crucial role in creating the <a href="/wiki/Union_State_of_Russia_and_Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Union State of Russia and Belarus">Union State of Russia and Belarus</a>, enabling Belarusians and Russians to travel, work, and study freely between the two countries. He also reportedly played a crucial role in brokering a deal to end the Russian <a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group_rebellion" title="Wagner Group rebellion">Wagner Group rebellion</a> in 2023, allowing some Wagner soldiers into Belarus.<a href="#cite_note-19">[15]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life,_family_and_education">Early life, family and education</h2></div> Lukashenko was born on 30 August 1954<a href="#cite_note-udf.by-20">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-president.gov.by-21">[17]</a> in the settlement of <a href="/wiki/Kopys" title="Kopys">Kopys</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vitebsk_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitebsk Region">Vitebsk Region</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic">Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic</a>. Starting with an interview given in 2009, Lukashenko has said that his actual birthday is 31 August, the same as his son's <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Lukashenko" title="Nikolai Lukashenko">Nikolai's</a>.<a href="#cite_note-22">[18]</a> This caused some confusion as all official sources had said 30 August 1954 up until then. An explanation was later given that his mother had entered the hospital on the 30th in labour but not given birth until after midnight.<a href="#cite_note-23">[19]</a> His maternal grandfather, Trokhym Ivanovich Lukashenko, was born near <a href="/wiki/Shostka" title="Shostka">Shostka</a> in the then-<a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>, now in the <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukrainian</a> village known today as <a href="/wiki/Sobycheve" title="Sobycheve">Sobycheve</a>.<a href="#cite_note-famorigin-24">[20]</a> Lukashenko grew up without a father in his childhood, leading him to be taunted by his schoolmates for having an unmarried mother.<a href="#cite_note-Telegraph_2008-25">[21]</a> Due to this, the origin of his patronymic Grigorevich is unknown and there are varying rumours about the identity of Lukashenko's father. The most common suggestion is that the man was a <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Roma</a> passing through the region.<a href="#cite_note-26">[22]</a> His mother, Ekaterina Trofimovna Lukashenko (1924–2015), had given birth to another son, older than Alexander, who later died on an unknown date. Ekaterina worked unskilled jobs on a railway, at a construction site, at a <a href="/wiki/Flax" title="Flax">flax</a> factory in <a href="/wiki/Orsha" title="Orsha">Orsha</a> and finally as a milkmaid in <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>, a small village in the east of Belarus, close to the Russian border.<a href="#cite_note-27">[23]</a> Lukashenko went to Alexandria secondary school. He graduated from the Mogilev Pedagogical Institute (now <a href="/wiki/Mogilev_State_A._Kuleshov_University" title="Mogilev State A. Kuleshov University">Mogilev State A. Kuleshov University</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Mogilev" title="Mogilev">Mogilev</a> in 1975 after 4 years of studies. He also completed studies at the Belarusian Agricultural Academy in <a href="/wiki/Horki" title="Horki">Horki</a> in 1985. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_and_early_politics_career">Military and early politics career</h2></div> He served in the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Border_Troops" title="Soviet Border Troops">Soviet Border Troops</a> from 1975 to 1977, where he was an instructor of the political department of military unit No. 2187 of the Western Frontier District in <a href="/wiki/Brest,_Belarus" title="Brest, Belarus">Brest</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Army" title="Soviet Army">Soviet Army</a> from 1980 to 1982. In addition, he led an <a href="/wiki/Komsomol" title="Komsomol">All-Union Leninist Young Communist League</a> (<a href="/wiki/Komsomol" title="Komsomol">Komsomol</a>) chapter in Mogilev from 1977 to 1978. While in the Soviet Army, Lukashenko was a deputy political officer of the <a href="/wiki/120th_Guards_Mechanised_Brigade" title="120th Guards Mechanised Brigade">120th Guards Motor Rifle Division</a>, which was based in Minsk.<a href="#cite_note-bio-28">[24]</a> In 1979, he joined the ranks of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Communist Party of the Soviet Union</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Byelorussia" title="Communist Party of Byelorussia">Communist Party of Byelorussia</a>. After leaving the military, he became the deputy chairman of a <a href="/wiki/Kolkhoz" title="Kolkhoz">collective farm</a> in 1982 and in 1985[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]. In 1987, he was appointed as the director of the <a href="/wiki/Gorodets,_Nizhny_Novgorod_Oblast" title="Gorodets, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast">Gorodets</a> state farm in <a href="/wiki/Shklow_district" title="Shklow district">Shklow district</a> and in early 1988, was one of the first in <a href="/wiki/Mogilev_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Mogilev Region">Mogilev Region</a> to introduce a leasing contract to a state farm.<a href="#cite_note-29">[25]</a> In 1990, Lukashenko was elected Deputy to the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Soviet_of_the_Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Supreme Soviet of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic">Supreme Soviet of the Byelorussian SSR</a>. Having acquired a reputation as an eloquent opponent of corruption, Lukashenko was elected in April 1993 to be interim chairman of the anti-corruption committee of the Belarusian parliament.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes-30">[26]</a> In late 1993 he accused 70 senior government officials, including the Supreme Soviet chairman <a href="/wiki/Stanislav_Shushkevich" title="Stanislav Shushkevich">Stanislav Shushkevich</a> and prime minister <a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Kebich" title="Vyacheslav Kebich">Vyacheslav Kebich</a>, of corruption including stealing state funds for personal purposes. While the charges ultimately proved to be without merit, Shushkevich resigned his chairmanship due to the embarrassment of this series of events and losing a vote of no-confidence.<a href="#cite_note-31">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jeffries04-32">[28]</a> He was in that position until July 1994. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Presidency">Presidency</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_term_(1994–2001)">First term (1994–2001)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/1994_Belarusian_presidential_election" title="1994 Belarusian presidential election">1994 Belarusian presidential election</a></div> A new <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Belarus" title="Constitution of Belarus">Belarusian constitution</a> enacted in early 1994 paved the way for the first democratic <a href="/wiki/1994_Belarusian_presidential_election" title="1994 Belarusian presidential election">presidential election</a> on 23 June and 10 July. Six candidates stood in the first round, including Lukashenko, who campaigned as an independent on a populist platform. In an interview with <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, he declared: "I am neither with the leftists nor the rightists. But with the people against those who rob and deceive them."<a href="#cite_note-33">[29]</a> <a href="/wiki/Stanislav_Shushkevich" title="Stanislav Shushkevich">Stanislav Shushkevich</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Kebich" title="Vyacheslav Kebich">Vyacheslav Kebich</a> also ran, with the latter regarded as the clear favorite.<a href="#cite_note-white05-34">[30]</a> Lukashenko won 45.1% of the vote while Kebich received 17.4%, <a href="/wiki/Zianon_Pazniak" title="Zianon Pazniak">Zianon Pazniak</a> received 12.9% and Shushkevich, along with two other candidates, received less than 10% of votes.<a href="#cite_note-white05-34">[30]</a> Lukashenko won the second round of the election on 10 July with 80.1% of the vote.<a href="#cite_note-white05-34">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-byind-35">[31]</a> The presidential inauguration was held in the halls of the <a href="/wiki/Government_House,_Minsk" title="Government House, Minsk">Government House</a>, on 20 July 1994, exactly ten days after the election, during a special meeting of the parliament, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_of_Belarus" title="Supreme Council of Belarus">Supreme Council</a>.<a href="#cite_note-36">[32]</a> Shortly after his inauguration, he addressed the <a href="/wiki/State_Duma" title="State Duma">State Duma</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Federation">Russian Federation</a> in Moscow proposing a new Union of <a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavic</a> states, which would culminate in the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Union_State" title="Union State">Union of Russia and Belarus</a> in 1999.<a href="#cite_note-37">[33]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1996._Stamp_of_Belarus_0205.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/1996._Stamp_of_Belarus_0205.jpg/229px-1996._Stamp_of_Belarus_0205.jpg" decoding="async" width="229" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/1996._Stamp_of_Belarus_0205.jpg/344px-1996._Stamp_of_Belarus_0205.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/1996._Stamp_of_Belarus_0205.jpg/458px-1996._Stamp_of_Belarus_0205.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1376" data-file-height="987" /></a><figcaption>President Lukashenko on a postage stamp from 1996</figcaption></figure> In February 1995, Lukashenko announced his intention to hold a referendum. For the young democratic republic this raised the controversial issue of the <a href="/wiki/Russification_of_Belarus" title="Russification of Belarus">Russification of Belarus</a>. Lukashenko said he would press ahead with the referendum regardless of opposition in the Supreme Council and threatened to suspend its activities if it did not agree to hold the referendum. On 11 April 1995, a vote was held in parliament on calling a referendum on four issues proposed by Lukashenko: 1) granting Russian the status of a state language, 2) changing state symbols, 3) on economic integration with Russia and 4) on giving the president the right to dissolve parliament. The deputies rejected all the issues, except for that which regarded economic integration with Russia.<a href="#cite_note-38">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[35]</a> It is unclear whether the president had legal power independently to call referendums, and if so, if they would be binding. Lukashenko stated that the referendum would be held despite the rejection by the deputies. In protest, 19 out of a total of 238 deputies of the <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Popular_Front" title="Belarusian Popular Front">Belarusian Popular Front</a> led by Zianon Pazniak and the <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Social_Democratic_Assembly" title="Belarusian Social Democratic Assembly">Belarusian Social Democratic Assembly</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Oleg_Trusov" class="mw-redirect" title="Oleg Trusov">Oleg Trusov</a> (b. Алег Анатолевіч Трусаў) began a hunger strike in the parliamentary meeting room and stayed there overnight on the night of 11–12 April. At night, under the pretext of a bomb threat, unidentified law enforcement personnel attacked and forcibly expelled the deputies. Lukashenko stated that he personally ordered the evacuation for security purposes. The Supreme Council accepted to hold the referendum on 13 April and in May 1995, Belarusian authorities held a <a href="/wiki/1995_Belarusian_referendum" title="1995 Belarusian referendum">referendum</a> on the four issues.<a href="#cite_note-40">[36]</a> The <a href="/wiki/OSCE_Parliamentary_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="OSCE Parliamentary Assembly">OSCE Parliamentary Assembly</a> found neither the referendum nor the <a href="/wiki/1995_Belarusian_parliamentary_election" title="1995 Belarusian parliamentary election">1995 Belarusian parliamentary election</a> which took place in the same month to have met conditions for free and fair elections.<a href="#cite_note-41">[37]</a> <table role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5">Results of the disputed 1995 referendum </th></tr> <tr> <th>Question </th> <th>For </th> <th>Against </th> <th>Turnout </th> <th>Result </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Do you agree with assigning the Russian language the status equal to that of the Belarusian language?</td> <td>86.8%</td> <td>13.2%</td> <td rowspan="4">64.8%</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/13px-Green_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/20px-Green_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/26px-Green_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /> Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Do you support the actions of the President aimed at economic integration with Russia?</td> <td>87.0%</td> <td>13.0%</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/13px-Green_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/20px-Green_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/26px-Green_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /> Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Do you support the suggestion about the introduction of the new State flag and State Coat of Arms of the Republic of Belarus?</td> <td>78.6%</td> <td>21.4%</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/13px-Green_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/20px-Green_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/26px-Green_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /> Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Do you agree with the necessity of the introduction of changes into the acting Constitution of the Republic of Belarus, which provide for early termination of the plenary powers of the Supreme Council by President of the Republic of Belarus in the case of systematical or gross violations of the Constitution?</td> <td>81.4%</td> <td>18.6%</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/13px-Green_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/20px-Green_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/26px-Green_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /> Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" align="left">Source: Nohlen & Stöver<a href="#cite_note-42">[38]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RIAN_archive_141088_Signing_Treaty_on_Establishing_Russian-Belarusian_Union.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/RIAN_archive_141088_Signing_Treaty_on_Establishing_Russian-Belarusian_Union.jpg/250px-RIAN_archive_141088_Signing_Treaty_on_Establishing_Russian-Belarusian_Union.jpg" decoding="async" width="235" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/RIAN_archive_141088_Signing_Treaty_on_Establishing_Russian-Belarusian_Union.jpg/500px-RIAN_archive_141088_Signing_Treaty_on_Establishing_Russian-Belarusian_Union.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1680" data-file-height="1084" /></a><figcaption>Official ceremony of signing Treaty on Establishing Russian-Belarusian Union at the Kremlin Palace, between the Russian President <a href="/wiki/Boris_Yeltsin" title="Boris Yeltsin">Boris Yeltsin</a> and Belarusian President Lukashenko, 1997</figcaption></figure> In the summer of 1996, deputies of the 199-member Belarusian parliament signed a petition to impeach Lukashenko on charges of violating the Constitution.<a href="#cite_note-43">[39]</a> Shortly after that, a <a href="/wiki/1996_Belarusian_referendum" title="1996 Belarusian referendum">referendum was held on 24 November 1996</a> in which four questions were offered by Lukashenko and three offered by a group of Parliament members. The questions ranged from social issues, including changing <a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(Belarus)" title="Independence Day (Belarus)">the independence day</a> to 3 July (the date of <a href="/wiki/Minsk_offensive" title="Minsk offensive">the liberation of Minsk</a> from <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Nazi forces</a> in 1944) and the abolition of the death penalty, to the national constitution. As a result of the referendum, the constitution that was amended by Lukashenko was accepted and the one amended by the Supreme Council was voided. On 25 November, it was announced that 70.5% of voters, of an 84% turnout, had approved the amended constitution. The US and the EU, however, refused to accept the legitimacy of the referendum.<a href="#cite_note-44">[40]</a> After the referendum, Lukashenko convened a new parliamentary assembly from those members of the parliament who were loyal to him.<a href="#cite_note-45">[41]</a> After between ten and twelve deputies withdrew their signature from the impeachment petition, only about forty deputies of the old parliament were left and the Supreme Council was dismissed by Lukashenko.<a href="#cite_note-google1-46">[42]</a> Nevertheless, international organizations and many Western countries do not recognize the current parliament given the way it was formed.<a href="#cite_note-47">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[44]</a> Lukashenko was elected chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Olympic_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Belarusian Olympic Committee">Belarusian Olympic Committee</a> in 1997.<a href="#cite_note-49">[45]</a> At the start of 1998, the <a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Russia" title="Central Bank of Russia">Central Bank of Russia</a> suspended trading of the <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_ruble" title="Belarusian ruble">Belarusian ruble</a>, which led to a collapse in the value of the currency. Lukashenko responded by taking control of the <a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_the_Republic_of_Belarus" title="National Bank of the Republic of Belarus">National Bank of the Republic of Belarus</a>, sacking the entire bank leadership and blaming the west for the free fall of the currency.<a href="#cite_note-50">[46]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vladimir_Putin_25_July_2001-5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Vladimir_Putin_25_July_2001-5.jpg/232px-Vladimir_Putin_25_July_2001-5.jpg" decoding="async" width="232" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Vladimir_Putin_25_July_2001-5.jpg/348px-Vladimir_Putin_25_July_2001-5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Vladimir_Putin_25_July_2001-5.jpg/464px-Vladimir_Putin_25_July_2001-5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="334" /></a><figcaption>Alexander Lukashenko standing with <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Kuchma" title="Leonid Kuchma">Leonid Kuchma</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Slavianski_Bazaar_in_Vitebsk" title="Slavianski Bazaar in Vitebsk">Slavic Bazaar in Vitebsk</a> in 2001</figcaption></figure> Lukashenko blamed foreign governments for conspiring against him and, in April 1998, expelled ambassadors from the Drazdy complex near <a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a> and moved them to another building. The <a href="/wiki/Drazdy_conflict" title="Drazdy conflict">Drazdy conflict</a> caused an international outcry and resulted in a travel ban on Lukashenko from both the EU and the US.<a href="#cite_note-51">[47]</a> Although the ambassadors eventually returned after the controversy died down, Lukashenko stepped up his rhetorical attacks against the West. He stated that Western governments were trying to undermine Belarus at all levels, even sports, during the <a href="/wiki/1998_Winter_Olympics" title="1998 Winter Olympics">1998 Winter Olympics</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nagano_(city)" title="Nagano (city)">Nagano</a>, Japan.<a href="#cite_note-52">[48]</a> Upon the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_War" title="Kosovo War">Kosovo War</a> in 1999, Lukashenko suggested to Yugoslav President <a href="/wiki/Slobodan_Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87" title="Slobodan Milošević">Slobodan Milošević</a> that <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> join the <a href="/wiki/Union_State" title="Union State">Union of Russia and Belarus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-53">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_term_(2001–2006)">Second term (2001–2006)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2001_Belarusian_presidential_election" title="2001 Belarusian presidential election">2001 Belarusian presidential election</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexander_Lukashenko_in_a_meeting_with_Bashar_al-Assad_in_December_2003_(1)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Alexander_Lukashenko_in_a_meeting_with_Bashar_al-Assad_in_December_2003_%281%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Alexander_Lukashenko_in_a_meeting_with_Bashar_al-Assad_in_December_2003_%281%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Alexander_Lukashenko_in_a_meeting_with_Bashar_al-Assad_in_December_2003_%281%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/375px-Alexander_Lukashenko_in_a_meeting_with_Bashar_al-Assad_in_December_2003_%281%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Alexander_Lukashenko_in_a_meeting_with_Bashar_al-Assad_in_December_2003_%281%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/500px-Alexander_Lukashenko_in_a_meeting_with_Bashar_al-Assad_in_December_2003_%281%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="587" /></a><figcaption>Alexander Lukashenko alongside <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syrian</a> President <a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a> during a state visit to Syria in December 2003</figcaption></figure> Under the original constitution, Lukashenko should have been up for reelection in 1999. However, the 1996 referendum extended Lukashenko's term for two additional years. In the 9 September 2001 election, Lukashenko faced <a href="/wiki/U%C5%82adzimir_Han%C4%8Daryk" title="Uładzimir Hančaryk">Vladimir Goncharik</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Gaidukevich" title="Sergei Gaidukevich">Sergei Gaidukevich</a>.<a href="#cite_note-54">[50]</a> During the campaign, Lukashenko promised to raise the standards of farming, social benefits and increase industrial output of Belarus.<a href="#cite_note-ut2001-55">[51]</a> Lukashenko won in the first round with 75.65% of the vote. The <a href="/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe">Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe</a> (OSCE) said the election process "failed to meet international standards".<a href="#cite_note-ut2001-55">[51]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ali_Khamenei_met_with_Belarusian_President_Lukashenko_(2006_11_06)_07.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Ali_Khamenei_met_with_Belarusian_President_Lukashenko_%282006_11_06%29_07.jpg/250px-Ali_Khamenei_met_with_Belarusian_President_Lukashenko_%282006_11_06%29_07.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Ali_Khamenei_met_with_Belarusian_President_Lukashenko_%282006_11_06%29_07.jpg/500px-Ali_Khamenei_met_with_Belarusian_President_Lukashenko_%282006_11_06%29_07.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="702" /></a><figcaption>Meeting of Alexander Lukashenko with Iranian supreme leader <a href="/wiki/Ali_Khamenei" title="Ali Khamenei">Ali Khamenei</a> and president <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Ahmadinejad" title="Mahmoud Ahmadinejad">Mahmoud Ahmadinejad</a> in 2006</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Janes_Information_Services" title="Janes Information Services">Jane's Intelligence</a> Digest surmised that the price of Russian support for Lukashenko ahead of the 2001 presidential election was the surrender of Minsk's control over its section of the <a href="/wiki/Yamal%E2%80%93Europe_pipeline" title="Yamal–Europe pipeline">Yamal–Europe gas pipeline</a>.<a href="#cite_note-56">[52]</a> After the results were announced declaring Lukashenko the winner, Russia publicly welcomed Lukashenko's re-election; the Russian President, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>, telephoned Lukashenko and offered a message of congratulations and support.<a href="#cite_note-ut2001-55">[51]</a> Following the <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">2003 invasion of Iraq</a>, American intelligence agencies reported that aides of <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a> managed to acquire Belarusian passports while in Syria, but that it was unlikely that Belarus would offer a safe haven for Saddam and his two sons.<a href="#cite_note-57">[53]</a> This action, along with arms deals with <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, prompted Western governments to take a tougher stance against Lukashenko. The US was particularly angered by the arms sales, and American political leaders increasingly began to refer to Belarus as "Europe's last dictatorship".<a href="#cite_note-last-58">[54]</a> The EU was concerned for the security of its gas supplies from Russia, which are piped through Belarus, and took an active interest in Belarusian affairs. With the accession of <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>, the EU's border with Belarus has grown to more than 1000 kilometers.<a href="#cite_note-59">[55]</a> During a televised address to the nation on 7 September 2004, Lukashenko announced plans for a referendum to eliminate presidential term limits. This was held on 17 October 2004, the same day as parliamentary elections, and, according to official results, was approved by 79.42% of voters. Previously, Lukashenko had been limited to two terms and thus would have been constitutionally required to step down after the presidential elections in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-Telegraph_2008-25">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[56]</a> Opposition groups, the <a href="/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe">OSCE</a>, the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">US State Department</a> stated that the vote fell short of international standards. Belarus grew economically under Lukashenko, but much of this growth was due to Russian crude oil which was imported at below-market prices, refined, and sold to other European countries at a profit.<a href="#cite_note-Telegraph_2008-25">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_term_(2006–2010)">Third term (2006–2010)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2006_Belarusian_presidential_election" title="2006 Belarusian presidential election">2006 Belarusian presidential election</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lukashenko_and_Medvedev_December_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Lukashenko_and_Medvedev_December_2008.jpg/232px-Lukashenko_and_Medvedev_December_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="232" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Lukashenko_and_Medvedev_December_2008.jpg/348px-Lukashenko_and_Medvedev_December_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Lukashenko_and_Medvedev_December_2008.jpg/464px-Lukashenko_and_Medvedev_December_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="334" /></a><figcaption>Lukashenko with <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Kremlin" title="Kremlin">Kremlin</a>, December 2008</figcaption></figure> After Lukashenko confirmed he was running for re-election in 2005, opposition groups began to seek a single candidate. On 16 October 2005, on the <a href="/wiki/Day_of_Solidarity_with_Belarus" title="Day of Solidarity with Belarus">Day of Solidarity with Belarus</a>, the political groups <a href="/wiki/Zubr_(political_organization)" title="Zubr (political organization)">Zubr</a> and Third Way Belarus encouraged all opposition parties to rally behind one candidate to oppose Lukashenko in the 2006 election. Their chosen candidate was <a href="/wiki/Alaksandar_Milinkievi%C4%8D" title="Alaksandar Milinkievič">Alexander Milinkevich</a>.<a href="#cite_note-61">[57]</a> Lukashenko reacted by saying that anyone going to opposition protests would have their necks wrung "as one might a duck".<a href="#cite_note-Telegraph_2008-25">[21]</a> On 19 March 2006, exit polls showed Lukashenko winning a third term in a landslide, amid opposition reports of vote-rigging and fear of violence. The <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Republican_Youth_Union" title="Belarusian Republican Youth Union">Belarusian Republican Youth Union</a> gave Lukashenko 84.2% and Milinkevich 3.1%. The Gallup Organisation noted that the Belarusian Republican Youth Union are government-controlled and released the exit poll results before noon on election day even though voting stations did not close until 8 pm.<a href="#cite_note-62">[58]</a> Belarusian authorities vowed to prevent any large-scale demonstrations following the election (such as those that marked the <a href="/wiki/Orange_Revolution" title="Orange Revolution">Orange Revolution</a> in Ukraine). Despite their efforts, the opposition had the largest number of demonstrators in years, with nightly protests in Minsk continuing for a number of days after the election. The largest protest occurred on election night; reporters for the <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> estimated that approximately 10,000 people turned out.<a href="#cite_note-sfgate-63">[59]</a> Election observers from the Russia-led Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) differed on the Belarusian election.<a href="#cite_note-64">[60]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dmitry_Medvedev_29_September_2009-3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Dmitry_Medvedev_29_September_2009-3.jpg/250px-Dmitry_Medvedev_29_September_2009-3.jpg" decoding="async" width="238" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Dmitry_Medvedev_29_September_2009-3.jpg/500px-Dmitry_Medvedev_29_September_2009-3.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="434" /></a><figcaption>Dmitry Medvedev and Alexander Lukashenko observed the final phase of the Zapad-2009 strategic exercises that took place in Baranavichy, Belarus.</figcaption></figure> The OSCE declared on 20 March 2006 that the "presidential election failed to meet OSCE commitments for democratic elections." Lukashenko "permitted State authority to be used in a manner which did not allow citizens to freely and fairly express their will at the ballot box... a pattern of intimidation and the suppression of independent voices... was evident throughout the campaign."<a href="#cite_note-65">[61]</a> The heads of all 25 EU countries declared that the election was "fundamentally flawed".<a href="#cite_note-CNN243-66">[62]</a> In contrast, the Russian minister of foreign affairs declared, "Long before the elections, the OSCE's Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights had declared that they [the elections] would be illegitimate and it was pretty biased in its commentaries on their progress and results, thus playing an instigating role."<a href="#cite_note-CNN243-66">[62]</a> Lukashenko later stated that he had rigged the election results, but against himself, in order to obtain a majority more typical of European countries. Although he had won 93.5% of the vote, he said, he had directed the government to announce a result of 86%.<a href="#cite_note-67">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[64]</a> Some Russian nationalists, such as <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Rogozin" title="Dmitry Rogozin">Dmitry Rogozin</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Movement_Against_Illegal_Immigration" title="Movement Against Illegal Immigration">Movement Against Illegal Immigration</a>, stated that they would like to see Lukashenko become <a href="/wiki/President_of_Russia" title="President of Russia">President of Russia</a> in 2008. Lukashenko responded that he would not run for the Russian presidency, but that if his health was still good, he might run for reelection in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-69">[65]</a> In September 2008, <a href="/wiki/2008_Belarusian_parliamentary_election" title="2008 Belarusian parliamentary election">parliamentary elections were held</a>. Lukashenko had allowed some opposition candidates to stand, though in the official results, opposition members failed to get any of the 110 available seats. OSCE observers described the vote as "flawed", including "several cases of deliberate falsification of results".<a href="#cite_note-BBC299-70">[66]</a> Opposition members and supporters demonstrated in protest.<a href="#cite_note-BBC299-70">[66]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod" title="Nizhny Novgorod">Nizhny Novgorod</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States" title="Commonwealth of Independent States">CIS</a> election observation mission, the findings of which are often dismissed by the West,<a href="#cite_note-71">[67]</a> the elections in Belarus conformed to international standards.<a href="#cite_note-72">[68]</a> Lukashenko later commented that the opposition in Belarus was financed by foreign countries and was not needed.<a href="#cite_note-73">[69]</a> In April 2009, he held talks with <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a> in the Vatican, Lukashenko's first visit to Western Europe after a travel ban on him a decade earlier.<a href="#cite_note-74">[70]</a> In August 2009, during a working trip to the <a href="/wiki/Vitebsk_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitebsk Region">Vitebsk Region</a>, Lukashenko announced a program for the revival of Belarusian potato production, saying: "We will finish working on a special program, we will decide how many potatoes we need for the domestic market, how many potatoes we can sell" and that "we'll bring back this crop that is very valuable to us".<a href="#cite_note-75">[71]</a> Later, Lukashenko received the nickname "potato <a href="/wiki/F%C3%BChrer" title="Führer">führer</a>" from his detractors.<a href="#cite_note-76">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fourth_term_(2010–2015)">Fourth term (2010–2015)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2010_Belarusian_presidential_election" title="2010 Belarusian presidential election">2010 Belarusian presidential election</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zapad-2013_strategic_military_exercises_(2101-03).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Zapad-2013_strategic_military_exercises_%282101-03%29.jpg/231px-Zapad-2013_strategic_military_exercises_%282101-03%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="231" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Zapad-2013_strategic_military_exercises_%282101-03%29.jpg/347px-Zapad-2013_strategic_military_exercises_%282101-03%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Zapad-2013_strategic_military_exercises_%282101-03%29.jpg/462px-Zapad-2013_strategic_military_exercises_%282101-03%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="511" data-file-height="434" /></a><figcaption>Lukashenko and <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Putin</a> at the Russian-Belarusian strategic military exercises in 2013</figcaption></figure> Lukashenko was one of ten candidates registered for the presidential election held in Belarus on 19 December 2010. Though originally envisaged for 2011, an earlier date was approved "to ensure the maximum participation of citizens in the electoral campaign and to set most convenient time for the voters".<a href="#cite_note-78">[74]</a> The run-up to the campaign was marked by a series of Russian media attacks on Lukashenko.<a href="#cite_note-rferl1-79">[75]</a> The Central Election Committee said that all nine opposition figures were likely to get less than half the vote total that Lukashenko would get.<a href="#cite_note-aljaz-80">[76]</a> Though opposition figures alleged intimidation<a href="#cite_note-81">[77]</a> and that "dirty tricks" were being played, the election was seen as comparatively open as a result of desire to improve relations with both Europe and the US.<a href="#cite_note-aljaz-80">[76]</a> On election day, two presidential candidates were seriously beaten by police<a href="#cite_note-militia-82">[78]</a> in different opposition rallies.<a href="#cite_note-83">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[81]</a> On the night of the election, opposition protesters chanting "Out!", "Long live Belarus!" and other similar slogans attempted to storm the building of the government of Belarus, smashing windows and doors before riot police were able to push them back.<a href="#cite_note-86">[82]</a> The number of protesters was reported by major news media as being around or above 10,000 people.<a href="#cite_note-rssult-87">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC-10000-88">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-Reuters_journalist-10000-89">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-FT-10000-90">[86]</a> At least seven of the opposition presidential candidates were arrested.<a href="#cite_note-militia-82">[78]</a> Several of the opposition candidates, along with their supporters and members of the media, were arrested. Many were sent to prison, often on charges of organizing a mass disturbance. Examples include <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Sannikov" title="Andrei Sannikov">Andrei Sannikov</a>,<a href="#cite_note-91">[87]</a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Otroschenkov" title="Alexander Otroschenkov">Alexander Otroschenkov</a>,<a href="#cite_note-92">[88]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ales_Michalevic" title="Ales Michalevic">Ales Michalevic</a>,<a href="#cite_note-93">[89]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mikola_Statkevich" title="Mikola Statkevich">Mikola Statkevich</a>,<a href="#cite_note-94">[90]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uladzimir_Nyaklyayew" title="Uladzimir Nyaklyayew">Uladzimir Nyaklyayew</a>.<a href="#cite_note-95">[91]</a> Sannikov's wife, journalist <a href="/wiki/Iryna_Khalip" title="Iryna Khalip">Irina Khalip</a>, was put under house arrest.<a href="#cite_note-96">[92]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Romanchuk" title="Jaroslav Romanchuk">Yaraslau Ramanchuk</a>'s party leader, Anatoly Lebedko, was also arrested.<a href="#cite_note-97">[93]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Normandy_format_talks_in_Minsk_(February_2015)_03_cropped.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Normandy_format_talks_in_Minsk_%28February_2015%29_03_cropped.jpeg/250px-Normandy_format_talks_in_Minsk_%28February_2015%29_03_cropped.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Normandy_format_talks_in_Minsk_%28February_2015%29_03_cropped.jpeg/330px-Normandy_format_talks_in_Minsk_%28February_2015%29_03_cropped.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Normandy_format_talks_in_Minsk_%28February_2015%29_03_cropped.jpeg/500px-Normandy_format_talks_in_Minsk_%28February_2015%29_03_cropped.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2380" data-file-height="1550" /></a><figcaption>Leaders of Belarus, Russia, Germany, France, and Ukraine at the <a href="/wiki/Minsk_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Minsk II">Minsk II</a> summit, 11–12 February 2015</figcaption></figure> The CEC said that Lukashenko won 79.65% of the vote (he gained 5,130,557 votes) with 90.65% of the electorate voting.<a href="#cite_note-98">[94]</a> The OSCE categorized the elections as "flawed" while the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States" title="Commonwealth of Independent States">CIS</a> mission observers approved the results as legitimate.<a href="#cite_note-99">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[96]</a> However, the OSCE also stated that some improvements were made in the run-up to the election, including the candidates' use of television debates and ability to deliver their messages unhindered.<a href="#cite_note-101">[97]</a> Several European foreign ministers issued a joint statement calling the election and its aftermath an "unfortunate step backwards in the development of democratic governance and respect for human rights in Belarus."<a href="#cite_note-102">[98]</a> Lukashenko's inauguration ceremony of 22 January 2011 was boycotted by EU ambassadors, and only thirty-two foreign diplomats attended.<a href="#cite_note-MTimes-103">[99]</a> During this ceremony, Lukashenko defended the legitimacy of his re-election and vowed that Belarus would never have its own version of the 2004 <a href="/wiki/Orange_Revolution" title="Orange Revolution">Orange Revolution</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> or <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>'s 2003 <a href="/wiki/Rose_Revolution" title="Rose Revolution">Rose Revolution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MTimes-103">[99]</a> Effective 31 January 2011, the EU renewed a travel ban, prohibiting Lukashenko and 156 of his associates from traveling to EU member countries, as a result of the crackdown on opposition supporters.<a href="#cite_note-104">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[102]</a> Lukashenko was supportive of China's <a href="/wiki/Belt_and_Road_Initiative" title="Belt and Road Initiative">Belt and Road Initiative</a> global infrastructure development strategy, and the inception in 2012 of the associated low-tax <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Belarus_Industrial_Park" title="China–Belarus Industrial Park">China–Belarus Industrial Park</a> near <a href="/wiki/Minsk_National_Airport" title="Minsk National Airport">Minsk National Airport</a> planned to grow to 112 square kilometres (43 sq mi) by the 2060s.<a href="#cite_note-fdi-20190815-107">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-nar-20200716-108">[104]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fifth_term_(2015–2020)">Fifth term (2015–2020)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2015_Belarusian_presidential_election" title="2015 Belarusian presidential election">2015 Belarusian presidential election</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Fifth_inauguration_of_Alexander_Lukashenko" title="Fifth inauguration of Alexander Lukashenko">Fifth inauguration of Alexander Lukashenko</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_during_a_bilateral_meeting_with_President_of_Belarus_Alexander_Lukashenko.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_during_a_bilateral_meeting_with_President_of_Belarus_Alexander_Lukashenko.jpg/220px-Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_during_a_bilateral_meeting_with_President_of_Belarus_Alexander_Lukashenko.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_during_a_bilateral_meeting_with_President_of_Belarus_Alexander_Lukashenko.jpg/330px-Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_during_a_bilateral_meeting_with_President_of_Belarus_Alexander_Lukashenko.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_during_a_bilateral_meeting_with_President_of_Belarus_Alexander_Lukashenko.jpg/440px-Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_during_a_bilateral_meeting_with_President_of_Belarus_Alexander_Lukashenko.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1959" /></a><figcaption>Lukashenko during a bilateral meeting with <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indian</a> prime minister <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> in 2016</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meeting_of_CIS_Council_of_Heads_of_State_(2016-09-16)_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Meeting_of_CIS_Council_of_Heads_of_State_%282016-09-16%29_03.jpg/220px-Meeting_of_CIS_Council_of_Heads_of_State_%282016-09-16%29_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Meeting_of_CIS_Council_of_Heads_of_State_%282016-09-16%29_03.jpg/330px-Meeting_of_CIS_Council_of_Heads_of_State_%282016-09-16%29_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Meeting_of_CIS_Council_of_Heads_of_State_%282016-09-16%29_03.jpg/440px-Meeting_of_CIS_Council_of_Heads_of_State_%282016-09-16%29_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="1160" /></a><figcaption>Meeting of <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States" title="Commonwealth of Independent States">CIS</a> leaders in Bishkek, <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a>, September 2016</figcaption></figure> On 11 October 2015, Lukashenko was elected for his fifth term as the president of Belarus. Just over three weeks later, he was <a href="/wiki/Fifth_inauguration_of_Alexander_Lukashenko" title="Fifth inauguration of Alexander Lukashenko">inaugurated</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Independence_Palace,_Minsk" title="Independence Palace, Minsk">Independence Palace</a> in the presence of attendees such as former <a href="/wiki/President_of_Ukraine" title="President of Ukraine">president of Ukraine</a> <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Kuchma" title="Leonid Kuchma">Leonid Kuchma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Communist Party of the Russian Federation">Chairman of the Russian Communist Party</a> <a href="/wiki/Gennady_Zyuganov" title="Gennady Zyuganov">Gennady Zyuganov</a> and Belarusian <a href="/wiki/Biathlon" title="Biathlon">biathlete</a> <a href="/wiki/Darya_Domracheva" title="Darya Domracheva">Darya Domracheva</a>.<a href="#cite_note-fox61115-109">[105]</a> On mid-September 2017, Lukashenko oversaw the advancement of joint Russian and Belarusian military relations during the military drills that were part of the <a href="/wiki/Zapad_2017_exercise" class="mw-redirect" title="Zapad 2017 exercise">Zapad 2017 exercise</a>.<a href="#cite_note-110">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[107]</a> In August 2018, Lukashenko fired his prime minister <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Kobyakov" title="Andrei Kobyakov">Andrei Kobyakov</a> and various other officials due to a corruption scandal.<a href="#cite_note-afp2018-112">[108]</a> <a href="/wiki/Syarhey_Rumas" title="Syarhey Rumas">Sergei Rumas</a> was appointed to take his place as prime minister.<a href="#cite_note-afp2018-112">[108]</a> In May 2017, Lukashenko signed a decree on the Foundation of the Directorate of the <a href="/wiki/2019_European_Games" title="2019 European Games">2019 European Games</a> in <a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DIRECT-113">[109]</a> In April 2019, Lukashenko announced that the games were on budget and on time and eventually he opened the 2nd edition of the event on 21 June.<a href="#cite_note-o-114">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-TRT-115">[111]</a> Between 1–3 July 2019, he oversaw the country's celebrations of the 75th anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/Minsk_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Minsk Offensive">Minsk Offensive</a>, which culminated in an evening <a href="/wiki/Minsk_Independence_Day_Parade" title="Minsk Independence Day Parade">military parade</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Belarus" title="Armed Forces of Belarus">Armed Forces of Belarus</a> on the last day, which is the country's <a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(Belarus)" title="Independence Day (Belarus)">Independence Day</a>.<a href="#cite_note-news.tut.by-116">[112]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lukashenko_and_Zelenskyi_(Oct_2019).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Lukashenko_and_Zelenskyi_%28Oct_2019%29.jpg/220px-Lukashenko_and_Zelenskyi_%28Oct_2019%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Lukashenko_and_Zelenskyi_%28Oct_2019%29.jpg/330px-Lukashenko_and_Zelenskyi_%28Oct_2019%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Lukashenko_and_Zelenskyi_%28Oct_2019%29.jpg/440px-Lukashenko_and_Zelenskyi_%28Oct_2019%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1043" data-file-height="695" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelensky" class="mw-redirect" title="Volodymyr Zelensky">Volodymyr Zelensky</a> shaking hands with Lukashenko in <a href="/wiki/Zhytomyr" title="Zhytomyr">Zhytomyr</a>, October 2019</figcaption></figure>In August 2019, Lukashenko met with former Kyrgyz President <a href="/wiki/Kurmanbek_Bakiyev" title="Kurmanbek Bakiyev">Kurmanbek Bakiyev</a>, who has lived in exile in Minsk since 2010, in the <a href="/wiki/Independence_Palace,_Minsk" title="Independence Palace, Minsk">Palace of Independence</a> to mark Bakiyev's 70th birthday, which he had marked several days earlier.<a href="#cite_note-117">[113]</a> The meeting, which included the presentation of traditional flowers and symbolic gifts, angered the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Kyrgyzstan)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Kyrgyzstan)">Kyrgyz Foreign Ministry</a> which stated that the meeting "fundamentally does not meet the principles of friendship and cooperation between the two countries".<a href="#cite_note-118">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[117]</a> In November 2019, Lukashenko visited the <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austrian</a> capital of <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> on a <a href="/wiki/State_visit" title="State visit">state visit</a>, which was his first in three years to an EU country. During the visit, he met with President <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Van_der_Bellen" title="Alexander Van der Bellen">Alexander Van der Bellen</a>, Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Bierlein" title="Brigitte Bierlein">Brigitte Bierlein</a>, and <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_National_Council_(Austria)" title="President of the National Council (Austria)">National Council President</a> <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Sobotka" title="Wolfgang Sobotka">Wolfgang Sobotka</a>. He also paid his respects at the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_War_Memorial_(Vienna)" title="Soviet War Memorial (Vienna)">Soviet War Memorial</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Schwarzenbergplatz" title="Schwarzenbergplatz">Schwarzenbergplatz</a>.<a href="#cite_note-122">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[120]</a> During the course of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Europe">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, he undertook two working visits to <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, one of the few European leaders to undertake foreign visits during the pandemic. He also received Hungarian prime minister <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Orb%C3%A1n" title="Viktor Orbán">Viktor Orbán</a> during his <a href="/wiki/State_visit" title="State visit">state visit</a> to Minsk.<a href="#cite_note-125">[121]</a> Orbán called for an end to EU sanctions on Belarus during this visit.<a href="#cite_note-126">[122]</a> His first visit to Russia was to attend the rescheduled <a href="/wiki/2020_Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade" title="2020 Moscow Victory Day Parade">Moscow Victory Day Parade</a> on <a href="/wiki/Red_Square" title="Red Square">Red Square</a> together with his son.<a href="#cite_note-127">[123]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sixth_term_(2020–2025)">Sixth term (2020–2025)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/2020_Belarusian_presidential_election" title="2020 Belarusian presidential election">2020 Belarusian presidential election</a> and <a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Belarusian_protests" title="2020–2021 Belarusian protests">2020–2021 Belarusian protests</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91%D1%86%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%9E_%D1%83_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%96.webm/220px--%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91%D1%86%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%9E_%D1%83_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%96.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="49" data-mwtitle="Лукашэнка_на_верталёце_прыляцеў_у_Палац_Незалежнасці.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91%D1%86%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%9E_%D1%83_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%96.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bb/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91%D1%86%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%9E_%D1%83_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%96.webm/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91%D1%86%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%9E_%D1%83_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%96.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; 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codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bb/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91%D1%86%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%9E_%D1%83_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%96.webm/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91%D1%86%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%9E_%D1%83_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%96.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bb/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91%D1%86%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%9E_%D1%83_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%96.webm/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91%D1%86%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%9E_%D1%83_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%96.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bb/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91%D1%86%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%9E_%D1%83_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%96.webm/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91%D1%86%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%9E_%D1%83_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%96.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video><figcaption>Lukashenko, with a gun, arrived by helicopter in the Palace of Independence.</figcaption></figure> On 9 August 2020, according to the preliminary count, Lukashenko was re-elected for his sixth term as the President of Belarus.<a href="#cite_note-128">[124]</a> US Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pompeo" title="Mike Pompeo">Mike Pompeo</a> warned that the election was "not free [or] fair".<a href="#cite_note-thehill-129">[125]</a> <a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Belarusian_protests" title="2020–2021 Belarusian protests">Mass protests</a> erupted across Belarus following the <a href="/wiki/2020_Belarusian_presidential_election" title="2020 Belarusian presidential election">2020 Belarusian presidential election</a> which was marred by allegations of widespread <a href="/wiki/Electoral_fraud" title="Electoral fraud">electoral fraud</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Belarus_election_notdemo-130">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-atlanticcouncil_about_elections-131">[127]</a> Subsequently, opposition presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Sviatlana_Tsikhanouskaya" title="Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya">Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya</a> claimed she had received between 60 and 70% of the vote<a href="#cite_note-132">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-victory-133">[129]</a> and formed a <a href="/wiki/Coordination_Council_(Belarus)" title="Coordination Council (Belarus)">Coordination council</a> to facilitate the peaceful and orderly transfer of power in Belarus.<a href="#cite_note-134">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[131]</a> On 15 August 2020, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Lithuania)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Lithuania)">Lithuanian foreign minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Linas_Antanas_Linkevi%C4%8Dius" title="Linas Antanas Linkevičius">Linas Linkevičius</a> referred to Lukashenko as the "former president" of Belarus.<a href="#cite_note-136">[132]</a> It was reported that President Lukashenko's authorities asked <a href="/wiki/Kremlin" title="Kremlin">Kremlin</a> representatives about the possibility of Lukashenko escaping to <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>. Furthermore, it was reported that Russia admits that Lukashenko's resignation from the post of head of state is likely.<a href="#cite_note-137">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[134]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2020_Belarusian_protests_%E2%80%94_Minsk,_16_August_p0010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/2020_Belarusian_protests_%E2%80%94_Minsk%2C_16_August_p0010.jpg/220px-2020_Belarusian_protests_%E2%80%94_Minsk%2C_16_August_p0010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/2020_Belarusian_protests_%E2%80%94_Minsk%2C_16_August_p0010.jpg/330px-2020_Belarusian_protests_%E2%80%94_Minsk%2C_16_August_p0010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/2020_Belarusian_protests_%E2%80%94_Minsk%2C_16_August_p0010.jpg/440px-2020_Belarusian_protests_%E2%80%94_Minsk%2C_16_August_p0010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Rally against Lukashenko in Minsk, 23 August 2020</figcaption></figure> On 17 August 2020, the members of the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> issued a joint statement which stated that they do not recognise Alexander Lukashenko as the president of Belarus, considering him to be <a href="/wiki/Persona_non_grata" title="Persona non grata">persona non grata</a> in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-139">[135]</a> On 19 August, the member states of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> agreed to not recognise the results and issued a statement saying "The 9 August elections were neither free nor fair, therefore we do not recognise the results".<a href="#cite_note-EU198-140">[136]</a> The governments of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Axios-18">[14]</a> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> have also refused to recognise the results. In an interview on 22 August, Josep Borrell explicitly stated that the European Union does not recognise Lukashenko as the legitimate president of Belarus in the same manner that it does not recognise <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Nicolás Maduro</a> as the legitimate president of Venezuela.<a href="#cite_note-141">[137]</a> On 23 August 2020, footage emerged showing Lukashenko at the <a href="/wiki/Independence_Palace,_Minsk" title="Independence Palace, Minsk">Independence Palace</a> in Minsk. In the first two videos, he is seen walking near a helicopter, wearing a bullet proof vest and holding an <a href="/wiki/Assault_rifle" title="Assault rifle">assault rifle</a> (possibly an <a href="/wiki/AK-47" title="AK-47">AK-47</a>)<a href="#cite_note-142">[138]</a> and then walking around the palace grounds. In the latter footage, Lukashenko was heard to say "Leave me alone," and "There is no one left there, right?". His 15-year-old son, Nikolai, was seen with him dressed in military uniform and holding a gun.<a href="#cite_note-143">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[140]</a> In a third video, he is seen surveying protestors from a helicopter and is heard saying "How the rats ran away" in an apparent reference to the protesters. In a fourth video, Lukashenko was seen removing the former flag of Belarus from a flower bed, waving at security personnel and in reference to protesters, saying "we will deal with them".<a href="#cite_note-145">[141]</a> On 30 August, the Independence Palace became again a scene of protests. When questioned about the whereabouts of Alexander Lukashenko on this day, his publicity team released an undated photograph of him walking around the grounds of the Independence Palace holding a gun.<a href="#cite_note-146">[142]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meeting_of_Vladimir_Putin_and_Alexander_Lukashenko_02_(22-02-2021).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Meeting_of_Vladimir_Putin_and_Alexander_Lukashenko_02_%2822-02-2021%29.jpg/232px-Meeting_of_Vladimir_Putin_and_Alexander_Lukashenko_02_%2822-02-2021%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="232" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Meeting_of_Vladimir_Putin_and_Alexander_Lukashenko_02_%2822-02-2021%29.jpg/348px-Meeting_of_Vladimir_Putin_and_Alexander_Lukashenko_02_%2822-02-2021%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Meeting_of_Vladimir_Putin_and_Alexander_Lukashenko_02_%2822-02-2021%29.jpg/464px-Meeting_of_Vladimir_Putin_and_Alexander_Lukashenko_02_%2822-02-2021%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="1160" /></a><figcaption>Lukashenko and Putin in February 2021</figcaption></figure> On 23 September 2020, Lukashenko was formally inaugurated president for a sixth term in a ceremony at the Palace of Independence attended by an invited group of 700 guests.<a href="#cite_note-147">[143]</a> On 27 November 2020, Lukashenko announced that he would resign once Belarus' new constitution was adopted.<a href="#cite_note-148">[144]</a> In December, the executive board of the <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">International Olympic Committee</a> (IOC) decided to exclude until further notice all members of the Belarusian Olympic Committee from all IOC events, specifically targeting Lukashenko who was elected as its chairman in 1997.<a href="#cite_note-149">[145]</a> On 17 April 2021, Russia's FSB security service exposed an alleged military coup and assassination attempt of Lukashenko.<a href="#cite_note-7292711Lca-150">[146]</a> Russia also stated that it prevented Lukashenko's murder.<a href="#cite_note-7292711Lca-150">[146]</a> Two suspects, who were detained at Lukashenko's request, were <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Feduta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander Feduta (page does not exist)">Alexander Feduta</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%98%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Федута, Александр Иосифович">ru</a>; <a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%86%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%A4%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="be:Аляксандр Іосіфавіч Фядута">be</a>] and <a href="/wiki/Yuras_Zyankovich" title="Yuras Zyankovich">Yuras Zyankovich</a>.<a href="#cite_note-7292711Lca-150">[146]</a> Both are critics of Lukashenko, with the latter being a dual American-Belarusian citizen, despite Belarus not recognizing dual citizenship.<a href="#cite_note-7292711Lca-150">[146]</a> On 24 April 2021, Lukashenko announced that he would sign a decree to amend emergency transfer of power. "I will sign a decree about how the power in Belarus will be set up. If the President is shot the security council will get the power." Lukashenko is the head of the Security Council himself; however, his eldest son, Victor Lukashenko, is regarded as its informal leader. This move was seen to empower his son, to be in the perfect position to succeed him in the next elections. Under current law, the prime minister assumes the presidential powers if the presidency becomes vacant, but Lukashenko said that the prime minister will only become the nominal leader and all decisions would be taken by the 20-person security council, by secret ballot.<a href="#cite_note-151">[147]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Azerbaijani,_Belarus_presidents_made_press_statements,_April_2021_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Azerbaijani%2C_Belarus_presidents_made_press_statements%2C_April_2021_04.jpg/227px-Azerbaijani%2C_Belarus_presidents_made_press_statements%2C_April_2021_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="227" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Azerbaijani%2C_Belarus_presidents_made_press_statements%2C_April_2021_04.jpg/341px-Azerbaijani%2C_Belarus_presidents_made_press_statements%2C_April_2021_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Azerbaijani%2C_Belarus_presidents_made_press_statements%2C_April_2021_04.jpg/454px-Azerbaijani%2C_Belarus_presidents_made_press_statements%2C_April_2021_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1938" data-file-height="1292" /></a><figcaption>Lukashenko during a bilateral meeting with <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijani</a> president <a href="/wiki/Ilham_Aliyev" title="Ilham Aliyev">Ilham Aliyev</a> in Baku, Azerbaijan, April 2021</figcaption></figure> On 5 May 2021, Belarusians in Germany filed a legal complaint against Lukashenko for 'state torture' and 'crimes against humanity.' If he enters Germany he risks trial or if convicted and enters Germany faces punishment given by court.<a href="#cite_note-152">[148]</a> Lukashenko responded that Germany was not in a position to criticize him, referring to the German Government as the "Heirs of Fascism".<a href="#cite_note-153">[149]</a> At the same time, he said that he will not resign, a reversal from his statement in November, but said he will call early presidential elections if and only if the United States does so as well.<a href="#cite_note-154">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[151]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shanghai_Cooperation_Organization_member_states_Summit_gets_underway_in_Samarkand_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organization_member_states_Summit_gets_underway_in_Samarkand_02.jpg/250px-Shanghai_Cooperation_Organization_member_states_Summit_gets_underway_in_Samarkand_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organization_member_states_Summit_gets_underway_in_Samarkand_02.jpg/375px-Shanghai_Cooperation_Organization_member_states_Summit_gets_underway_in_Samarkand_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organization_member_states_Summit_gets_underway_in_Samarkand_02.jpg/500px-Shanghai_Cooperation_Organization_member_states_Summit_gets_underway_in_Samarkand_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1960" data-file-height="1076" /></a><figcaption>Lukashenko, Putin, <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Erdoğan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a>, <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Modi</a> and other leaders at the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Shanghai Cooperation Organisation">Shanghai Cooperation Organisation</a> summit in Samarkand, September 2022</figcaption></figure> On 9 May 2021, Lukashenko signed the decree, announced on 24 April 2021, titled "On the Protection of sovereignty and constitutional order". The contingency decree states that in the event that the President is unable to perform his duties, <a href="/wiki/Martial_law" title="Martial law">martial law</a> will be immediately imposed and presidential power will be transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Security_Council_of_Belarus" title="Security Council of Belarus">Security Council</a>, which is widely believed to be made up of strong allies of Lukashenko.<a href="#cite_note-156">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[153]</a> On 24 June 2023, Lukashenko said he had negotiated with <a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Prigozhin" title="Yevgeny Prigozhin">Yevgeny Prigozhin</a> with the agreement of <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> in ending the <a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group_rebellion" title="Wagner Group rebellion">Wagner Group rebellion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-158">[154]</a> Lukashenko told Wagner that he would be squashed like bugs if he tried to enter Belarus and warned that Putin would never agree to remove top generals, including Defense minister <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Shoigu" title="Sergei Shoigu">Sergei Shoigu</a>. He promised to accommodate Wagner's troops in Belarus.<a href="#cite_note-159">[155]</a> He claimed that Putin desired to destroy the Wagner Group after the mutiny and he prevented Putin from materializing the obliteration of the group.<a href="#cite_note-160">[156]</a> Lukashenko's rule in the crisis raised his clout internationally.<a href="#cite_note-Mirovalev-161">[157]</a> On 25 March 2023, Putin announced plans to install <a href="/wiki/Russian_military_presence_in_Belarus" title="Russian military presence in Belarus">Russian tactical nuclear weapons in Belarus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-162">[158]</a> On 27 September 2024, Lukashenko warned that Belarus will use <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">nuclear weapons</a> if attacked by the West.<a href="#cite_note-163">[159]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seventh_term_(2025–present)">Seventh term (2025–present)</h3></div> Lukashenko was reelected in the <a href="/wiki/2025_Belarusian_presidential_election" title="2025 Belarusian presidential election">2025 Belarusian presidential election</a> on 26 January, with official results showing that he had won around 88% of the vote.<a href="#cite_note-164">[160]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestic_policy">Domestic policy</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Belarus" title="Politics of Belarus">Politics of Belarus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Belarus" title="Human rights in Belarus">Human rights in Belarus</a></div> The political system of Lukashenko has become colloquially known as "Lukashism" or "Lukashenkoism".<a href="#cite_note-165">[161]</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Sweeney_(journalist)" title="John Sweeney (journalist)">John Sweeney</a> summarised Lukashism as "a mutant version of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>'s deal with its people: they pretend to pay us, and we pretend to work; we pretend to vote for him; he pretends that the vote is fair".<a href="#cite_note-166">[162]</a> Lukashenko promotes himself as a "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/man_of_the_people" class="extiw" title="wikt:man of the people">man of the people</a>." Lukashenko wanted to rebuild Belarus when he took office;<a href="#cite_note-167">[163]</a> the economy was in freefall due to declining industry and lack of demand for Belarusian goods.<a href="#cite_note-168">[164]</a> Lukashenko kept many industries under the control of the government.<a href="#cite_note-169">[165]</a> In 2001, he stated his intention to improve the <a href="/wiki/Social_welfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Social welfare">social welfare</a> of his citizens and to make Belarus "powerful and prosperous."<a href="#cite_note-170">[166]</a> With the ascent to power of Lukashenko in 1994, the <a href="/wiki/Russification_of_Belarus" title="Russification of Belarus">Russification policy</a> of Russian Imperial and Soviet era was renewed.<a href="#cite_note-Smok-171">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-172">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-174">[170]</a> In 2006, Lukashenko said that people who speak <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian language</a> cannot do anything, because nothing great can be expressed in Belarusian as the Belarusian language is a poor language and there are only two great languages in the world: Russian and English.<a href="#cite_note-175">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[172]</a> Since the November 1996 referendum, Lukashenko has effectively held all governing power in the nation. Under the Constitution, if the House of Representatives rejects his choice for prime minister twice, he has the right to dissolve it. His decrees have greater weight than ordinary legislation. He also has near-absolute control over government spending; parliament can only increase or decrease spending with his permission.<a href="#cite_note-google1-46">[42]</a> However, the legislature is dominated by his supporters in any event, and there is no substantive opposition to presidential decisions. Indeed, every seat in the lower house has been held by pro-Lukashenko MPs for all but one term since 2004. He also appoints eight members of the upper house, the Council of the Republic, as well as nearly all judges. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Economy">Economy</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Belarus" title="Economy of Belarus">Economy of Belarus</a></div> Lukashenko's early economic policies aimed to prevent issues that occurred in other <a href="/wiki/Post-Soviet_states" title="Post-Soviet states">post-Soviet states</a>, such as the establishment of <a href="/wiki/Oligarchy" title="Oligarchy">oligarchic</a> structures and mass unemployment.<a href="#cite_note-177">[173]</a> The unemployment rate for the country at the end of 2011 was at 0.6% of the population (of 6.86 million eligible workers), a decrease from 1995, when unemployment was 2.9% with a working-eligible population of 5.24 million.<a href="#cite_note-178">[174]</a> The per-capita <a href="/wiki/Gross_national_income" title="Gross national income">gross national income</a> rose from US$1,423 in 1993 to US$5,830 at the end of 2011.<a href="#cite_note-179">[175]</a> One major economic issue Lukashenko faced throughout his presidency was the value of the Belarusian ruble. For a time it was <a href="/wiki/Fixed_exchange-rate_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Fixed exchange-rate system">pegged</a> to major foreign currencies, such as the <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euro</a>, US dollar and the <a href="/wiki/Russian_ruble" title="Russian ruble">Russian ruble</a> in order to maintain the stability of the Belarusian ruble.<a href="#cite_note-180">[176]</a> Yet, the currency has experienced several periods of <a href="/wiki/Devaluation" title="Devaluation">devaluation</a>. A major devaluation took place in 2011 after the government announced that average salaries would increase to US$500.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">further explanation needed</a>][<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The 2011 devaluation was the largest on record for the past twenty years according to the World Bank.<a href="#cite_note-181">[177]</a> Belarus also had to seek a bailout from international sources and, although it has received loans from China, loans from the IMF and other agencies depend on how Belarus reforms its economy.<a href="#cite_note-182">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-183">[179]</a> Some critics of Lukashenko, including the opposition group <a href="/wiki/Zubr_(political_organization)" title="Zubr (political organization)">Zubr</a>, use the term Lukashism to refer to the <a href="/wiki/Political_system" title="Political system">political</a> and <a href="/wiki/Economic_system" title="Economic system">economic system</a> Lukashenko has implemented in Belarus.<a href="#cite_note-184">[180]</a> The term is also used more broadly to refer to an <a href="/wiki/Authoritarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Authoritarian">authoritarian</a> ideology based on a <a href="/wiki/Cult_of_personality" title="Cult of personality">cult of his personality</a> and nostalgia for Soviet times among certain groups in Belarus.<a href="#cite_note-185">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-186">[182]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">US Congress</a> sought to aid the opposition groups by passing the <a href="/wiki/Belarus_Democracy_Act_of_2004" title="Belarus Democracy Act of 2004">Belarus Democracy Act of 2004</a> to introduce sanctions against Lukashenko's government and provide financial and other support to the opposition.<a href="#cite_note-white_house-187">[183]</a> Lukashenko supporters argue that his rule spared Belarus the turmoil that beset many other former Soviet countries.<a href="#cite_note-BelarusNewsAnalysis-188">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[185]</a> Lukashenko commented on the criticism of him by saying: "I've been hearing these accusations for over 10 years and we have got used to it. We are not going to answer them. I want to come from the premise that the elections in Belarus are held for ourselves. I am sure that it is the Belarusian people who are the masters in our state."<a href="#cite_note-190">[186]</a> <a href="/wiki/Global_Finance_(magazine)" title="Global Finance (magazine)">Global Finance</a> magazine listed Belarus as the 115th poorest country in the world in 2024.<a href="#cite_note-191">[187]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="COVID-19_pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belarus" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Belarus">COVID-19 pandemic in Belarus</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE-_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B8-%21_%D0%AF_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%21_--_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0._%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0.webm/229px--thumbnail.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="229" height="129" data-durationhint="906" data-mwtitle="Лукашенко-_Как_закрыли-!_Я_вас_заставил_не_делать_этого!_--_Лида._Центральная_районная_больница.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE-_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B8-!_%D0%AF_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE!_--_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0._%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/02/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE-_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B8-%21_%D0%AF_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%21_--_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0._%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0.webm/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE-_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B8-%21_%D0%AF_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%21_--_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0._%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; 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codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video><figcaption>Lukashenko visited the Lida Central District Hospital in 2021, during his working trip to the Grodno region.</figcaption></figure> During the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, Lukashenko stated that concerns about the pandemic were a "frenzy and a psychosis" and that working the tractors, drinking vodka and going to saunas could prevent people from infection from the virus. "People are working in tractors. No one is talking about the virus", Lukashenko said on 16 March 2020. "There, the tractor will heal everyone. The fields heal everyone". He also said: "I don't drink, but recently I've been saying that people should not only wash their hands with vodka, but also poison the virus with it. You should drink the equivalent of 40–50 milliliters of rectified spirit daily", but he advised against doing so while at work. Lukashenko described these comments as a joke.<a href="#cite_note-192">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[190]</a> By early May, Belarus was reported to have 15,000 diagnosed cases, one of the highest per capita rates of infection in Eastern Europe.<a href="#cite_note-195">[191]</a> On 28 July 2020, Lukashenko announced he had asymptomatic COVID-19.<a href="#cite_note-196">[192]</a> Neither the Presidential Administration nor the country's health service have commented on this statement.<a href="#cite_note-197">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[194]</a> On 12 August 2021, Lukashenko stated that he is strongly opposed to making vaccination mandatory. "There will be no mandatory vaccination in Belarus. I am strongly against it. Vaccination will remain voluntary. If a person wants to be vaccinated it is good, if not, let it be".<a href="#cite_note-199">[195]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_repression">Political repression</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Torture,_sexual_abuse_and_other_forms_of_repression">Torture, sexual abuse and other forms of repression</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_issues_related_to_the_suppression_of_the_2020_Belarusian_protests" title="Human rights issues related to the suppression of the 2020 Belarusian protests">Human rights issues related to the suppression of the 2020 Belarusian protests</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_deaths_related_to_the_2020_Belarusian_protests" title="List of deaths related to the 2020 Belarusian protests">List of deaths related to the 2020 Belarusian protests</a></div> On 1 September 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" title="Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights">Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights</a> (OHCHR) declared that its experts received reports of 450 documented cases of torture and ill-treatment of people who were arrested during the <a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Belarusian_protests" title="2020–2021 Belarusian protests">protests following the presidential election</a>. The experts also received reports of violence against women and children, including sexual abuse and rape with rubber batons.<a href="#cite_note-ohchr.org-200">[196]</a> According to the OHCHR, both male and female detainees were subjected to rape and other forms of sexual and gender-based violence. Medical records reviewed by OHCHR indicate lesions and other injuries to the male genitalia associated with forcible twisting and rape. <a href="/wiki/Psychological_abuse" title="Psychological abuse">Psychological violence</a>, including threats of rape, was also used against detainees.<a href="#cite_note-201">[197]</a> At least three detainees suffered injuries indicative of <a href="/wiki/Sexual_violence" title="Sexual violence">sexual violence</a> in <a href="/wiki/Okrestina" title="Okrestina">Okrestino</a> prison in <a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a> or on the way there. The victims were hospitalized with intramuscular bleeding of the rectum, anal fissure and bleeding, and damage to the mucous membrane of the rectum.<a href="#cite_note-202">[198]</a> In an interview from September 2020 Lukashenko claimed that detainees faked their bruises, saying, "Some of the girls there had their butts painted in blue".<a href="#cite_note-203">[199]</a> In November 2021, however, Lukashenko confirmed in an interview to the <a href="/wiki/British_Broadcasting_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="British Broadcasting Corporation">British Broadcasting Corporation</a> that people were beaten in Okrestino, saying: "OK, OK, I admit it, I admit it. People were beaten in the <a href="/wiki/Okrestina" title="Okrestina">Okrestina Detention Centre</a>. But there were <a href="/wiki/Militsiya_(Belarus)" title="Militsiya (Belarus)">police</a> beaten up too and you didn't show this."<a href="#cite_note-204">[200]</a> In January 2021, an audio recording was released in which the commander of internal troops and deputy interior minister of Belarus <a href="/wiki/Mikalai_Karpiankou" class="mw-redirect" title="Mikalai Karpiankou">Mikalai Karpiankou</a> tells security forces that they can cripple, maim and kill protesters in order to make them understand their actions. This, he says, is justified because anyone who takes to the streets is participating in a kind of guerrilla warfare. In addition, he discussed the establishment of camps, surrounded by barbed wire, where protesters will be detained until the situation calms down. A spokeswoman for the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_(Belarus)" title="Ministry of Internal Affairs (Belarus)">Interior Ministry</a> stamped the audio file as a fake.<a href="#cite_note-205">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-206">[202]</a> However, a phonoscopic examination of the audio recording confirmed that the voice on the recording belongs to Karpiankou.<a href="#cite_note-207">[203]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Cooperation_in_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe">Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe</a> expressed its concern about the remarks.<a href="#cite_note-208">[204]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty">Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty</a>, such a camp was indeed used near the town of <a href="/wiki/Slutsk" title="Slutsk">Slutsk</a> in the days from 13 to 15 August 2020. Many of those detained there are said to have been brought from the Okrestina prison in <a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a>.<a href="#cite_note-209">[205]</a> In March 2023, Lukashenko signed a law which allows to use <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment" title="Capital punishment">capital punishment</a> against officials and soldiers convicted of high <a href="/wiki/Treason" title="Treason">treason</a>.<a href="#cite_note-210">[206]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Forced_disappearances">Forced disappearances</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Znikn%C4%85%C4%87_03_-_Czarownik_ci%C4%85gnie_za_uszy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Znikn%C4%85%C4%87_03_-_Czarownik_ci%C4%85gnie_za_uszy.jpg/220px-Znikn%C4%85%C4%87_03_-_Czarownik_ci%C4%85gnie_za_uszy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Znikn%C4%85%C4%87_03_-_Czarownik_ci%C4%85gnie_za_uszy.jpg/330px-Znikn%C4%85%C4%87_03_-_Czarownik_ci%C4%85gnie_za_uszy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Znikn%C4%85%C4%87_03_-_Czarownik_ci%C4%85gnie_za_uszy.jpg/440px-Znikn%C4%85%C4%87_03_-_Czarownik_ci%C4%85gnie_za_uszy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1136" data-file-height="852" /></a><figcaption>A demonstration in <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a> in 2004, raising awareness about the disappearances of opposition activists in Belarus</figcaption></figure> In 1999 opposition leaders <a href="/wiki/Yury_Zacharanka" title="Yury Zacharanka">Yury Zacharanka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Viktar_Hanchar" title="Viktar Hanchar">Viktar Hanchar</a> together with his business associate <a href="/wiki/Anatol_Krasouski" title="Anatol Krasouski">Anatol Krasouski</a> disappeared. Hanchar and Krasouski disappeared the same day of a broadcast on state television in which President Alexander Lukashenko ordered the chiefs of his security services to crack down on "opposition scum." Although the <a href="/wiki/State_Security_Committee_of_the_Republic_of_Belarus" title="State Security Committee of the Republic of Belarus">State Security Committee of the Republic of Belarus</a> (KGB) had them under constant surveillance, the official investigation announced that the case could not be solved. The investigation of the disappearance of journalist <a href="/wiki/Dzmitry_Zavadski" title="Dzmitry Zavadski">Dzmitry Zavadski</a> in 2000 has also yielded no results. Copies of a report by the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, which linked senior Belarusian officials to the cases of disappearances, were confiscated.<a href="#cite_note-211">[207]</a> In September 2004, the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> issued travel bans for five Belarusian officials suspected in being involved in the kidnapping of Zacharanka: Interior Affairs Minister <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_V._Naumov" class="mw-redirect" title="Vladimir V. Naumov">Vladimir Naumov</a>, Prosecutor General <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Sheiman" title="Viktor Sheiman">Viktor Sheiman</a>, Minister for Sports and Tourism Yuri Sivakov, and Colonel <a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Pavlichenko" title="Dmitri Pavlichenko">Dmitri Pavlichenko</a> from the Belarus Interior Ministry.<a href="#cite_note-212">[208]</a> In December 2019, <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a> published a documentary film in which Yury Garavski, a former member of a special unit of the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_(Belarus)" title="Ministry of Internal Affairs (Belarus)">Belarusian Ministry of Internal Affairs</a>, confirmed that it was his unit which had arrested, taken away and murdered Zecharanka and that they later did the same with Viktar Hanchar and Anatol Krassouski.<a href="#cite_note-213">[209]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Assassination_plans_on_dissidents_abroad">Assassination plans on dissidents abroad</h4></div> On 4 January 2021, the <a href="/wiki/EU_Observer" class="mw-redirect" title="EU Observer">EU Observer</a> reported that new evidence, including documents and audio recordings, provide that Belarusian secret services planned to murder dissidents abroad.<a href="#cite_note-euobserver.com-214">[210]</a> An audio file, allegedly being a recording from a bugged meeting in 2012, reveals <a href="/wiki/Vadim_Zaitsev" title="Vadim Zaitsev">Vadim Zaitsev</a>, the <a href="/wiki/State_Security_Committee_of_the_Republic_of_Belarus" title="State Security Committee of the Republic of Belarus">KGB</a> chairman at the time, discussing the murder plot with two officers from the KGB's <a href="/wiki/Alpha_Group_(Belarus)" title="Alpha Group (Belarus)">Alpha Group</a>, an elite counter-terrorism unit. Translated from Russian, one of the voices in the recording says, "We should be working with <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Sheremet" title="Pavel Sheremet">Sheremet</a>, who is a massive pain in the arse [inaudible]. We'll plant [a bomb] and so on and this fucking rat will be taken down in fucking pieces, legs in one direction, arms in the other direction. If everything [looks like] natural causes, it won't get into people's minds the same way."<a href="#cite_note-euobserver.com-214">[210]</a> In addition to planting a bomb, they also discuss poisoning Sheremet. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Allegations_of_state-sponsored_hijacking">Allegations of state-sponsored hijacking</h4></div> On 23 May 2021, Lukashenko personally ordered <a href="/wiki/Ryanair_Flight_4978" title="Ryanair Flight 4978">Ryanair Flight 4978</a> en route from <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a> to <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a>, carrying the opposition journalist <a href="/wiki/Roman_Protasevich" title="Roman Protasevich">Roman Protasevich</a>, to land in <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-215">[211]</a> The flight was forced to land at <a href="/wiki/Minsk_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Minsk International Airport">Minsk International Airport</a> shortly before it reached the Lithuanian border after Belarusian air traffic control conveyed a report of explosives on board the plane. The flight was escorted by a <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Air_Force" title="Belarusian Air Force">Belarusian Air Force</a> <a href="/wiki/MiG-29" class="mw-redirect" title="MiG-29">MiG-29</a> fighter jet. Belarusian authorities said no explosives were found and arrested Protasevich, who was placed in a list of "individuals involved in terrorist activity" the previous year for his role in the anti-government protests and incitement to <a href="/wiki/Public_disorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Public disorder">Public disorder</a>. The move was condemned by opposition figures, with Tsikhanouskaya saying that Protasevich "faces the death penalty" in Belarus.<a href="#cite_note-216">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-218">[214]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_policy">Foreign policy</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Belarus" title="Foreign relations of Belarus">Foreign relations of Belarus</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Russia">Russia</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Belarus–Russia relations">Belarus–Russia relations</a> and <a href="/wiki/Union_State" title="Union State">Union State</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vladimir_Putin_14_May_2002-8.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Vladimir_Putin_14_May_2002-8.jpg/220px-Vladimir_Putin_14_May_2002-8.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Vladimir_Putin_14_May_2002-8.jpg/330px-Vladimir_Putin_14_May_2002-8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Vladimir_Putin_14_May_2002-8.jpg/440px-Vladimir_Putin_14_May_2002-8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1541" /></a><figcaption>With Russian president <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> during a news conference in 2002</figcaption></figure> In the 1990s, Lukashenko and the then-Russian president <a href="/wiki/Boris_Yeltsin" title="Boris Yeltsin">Boris Yeltsin</a> envisaged the formation of a Union State. Yeltsin suffered from poor health and alcoholism, which induced Lukashenko into thinking that he would lead both states. But After Yeltsin anointed Putin as his successor, Lukashenko stalled the merger.<a href="#cite_note-Mirovalev-161">[157]</a> Lukashenko's relationship with Russia, once his powerful ally and vocal supporter, has significantly deteriorated. The run-up to the <a href="/wiki/2010_Belarusian_presidential_election" title="2010 Belarusian presidential election">2010 Belarusian presidential election</a> was marked by a series of Russian media attacks on Lukashenko.<a href="#cite_note-rferl1-79">[75]</a> Throughout July state-controlled channel <a href="/wiki/NTV_(Russia)" title="NTV (Russia)">NTV</a> broadcast a multi-part documentary entitled "The Godfather" highlighting the suspicious disappearance of the opposition leaders <a href="/wiki/Yury_Zacharanka" title="Yury Zacharanka">Yury Zacharanka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Viktar_Hanchar" title="Viktar Hanchar">Viktar Hanchar</a>, businessman <a href="/wiki/Anatol_Krasouski" title="Anatol Krasouski">Anatol Krasouski</a> and journalist <a href="/wiki/Dzmitry_Zavadski" title="Dzmitry Zavadski">Dzmitry Zavadski</a> during the late 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-219">[215]</a> Lukashenko called the media attack "dirty propaganda".<a href="#cite_note-220">[216]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mishustin_and_Lukashenko_(2020-09-03)_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Mishustin_and_Lukashenko_%282020-09-03%29_01.jpg/220px-Mishustin_and_Lukashenko_%282020-09-03%29_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Mishustin_and_Lukashenko_%282020-09-03%29_01.jpg/330px-Mishustin_and_Lukashenko_%282020-09-03%29_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Mishustin_and_Lukashenko_%282020-09-03%29_01.jpg/440px-Mishustin_and_Lukashenko_%282020-09-03%29_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3413" data-file-height="2367" /></a><figcaption>Lukashenko with Russian prime minister <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Mishustin" title="Mikhail Mishustin">Mikhail Mishustin</a> in 2020</figcaption></figure> Despite a historically good relationship with Russia, tensions between Lukashenko and the Russian government started showing in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-strained-221">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-tensions-222">[218]</a> On 24 January 2020, Lukashenko publicly accused Russian president Vladimir Putin of trying to make Belarus a part of Russia.<a href="#cite_note-strained-221">[217]</a> This led to Russia cutting economic subsidies for Belarus.<a href="#cite_note-cuts-223">[219]</a> In July 2020, the relationship between Belarus and Russia was described as "strained" after 33 Russian military contractors were arrested in Minsk.<a href="#cite_note-tensions-222">[218]</a> Lukashenko afterwards accused Russia of collaborating with opposition activist <a href="/wiki/Siarhei_Tsikhanouski" class="mw-redirect" title="Siarhei Tsikhanouski">Siarhei Tsikhanouski</a> and trying to cover up an attempt to send 200 fighters from a private Russian military firm known as the <a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group" title="Wagner Group">Wagner Group</a> into Belarus on a mission to destabilize the country ahead of its 9 August presidential election.<a href="#cite_note-224">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-225">[221]</a> On 5 August 2020, Russia's security chief Dmitry Medvedev warned Belarus to release the contractors.<a href="#cite_note-cuts-223">[219]</a> Lukashenko also claimed Russia was lying about its attempts to use the Wagner Group to influence the upcoming election.<a href="#cite_note-226">[222]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CSTO_Summit_2022_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/CSTO_Summit_2022_02.jpg/220px-CSTO_Summit_2022_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/CSTO_Summit_2022_02.jpg/330px-CSTO_Summit_2022_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/CSTO_Summit_2022_02.jpg/440px-CSTO_Summit_2022_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="1160" /></a><figcaption>Meeting of the Russian-led military alliance, <a href="/wiki/Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization" title="Collective Security Treaty Organization">Collective Security Treaty Organization</a> (CSTO), in Moscow on 16 May 2022</figcaption></figure> On 11 November 2021, Lukashenko raised the possibility of interrupting the <a href="/wiki/Yamal%E2%80%93Europe_pipeline" title="Yamal–Europe pipeline">Yamal–Europe pipeline</a> carrying <a href="/wiki/Russia_in_the_European_energy_sector" title="Russia in the European energy sector">Russian gas</a> to the European Union if the bloc imposes further sanctions on Belarus.<a href="#cite_note-gas-227">[223]</a> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Putin</a> said that Lukashenko had not consulted him before raising the possibility of stopping gas deliveries coming from Russia to the EU via a pipeline through Belarus, adding that such a move would risk harming ties between Belarus and Russia.<a href="#cite_note-228">[224]</a> In February 2022, Lukashenko permitted Russian forces to stage part of the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">invasion of Ukraine</a> from Belarusian territory.<a href="#cite_note-229">[225]</a> Commenting on the war in Ukraine Lukashenko has said that he didn't expect the conflict “drag on this way.”<a href="#cite_note-230">[226]</a> In June 2023, Lukashenko claimed that "the only mistake we made’ was not finishing off Ukraine with Russia in 2014".<a href="#cite_note-231">[227]</a> In August 2024, Lukashenko urged both Russia and Ukraine to start <a href="/wiki/Peace_negotiations_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Peace negotiations in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">peace negotiations</a>, saying in an interview with Russian state television: "Neither the Ukrainian people, nor the Russians, nor the Belarusians need it. It’s them in the West, who need [the war]."<a href="#cite_note-232">[228]</a> He accused the West of supporting Ukraine's <a href="/wiki/August_2024_Kursk_Oblast_incursion" class="mw-redirect" title="August 2024 Kursk Oblast incursion">incursion into the Kursk region</a>.<a href="#cite_note-233">[229]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="European_Union">European Union</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Belarus–European Union relations">Belarus–European Union relations</a></div> Lukashenko's relationship with the EU has been strained, in part by choice and in part by his policies towards domestic opponents. Lukashenko's repression of opponents caused him to be called "Europe's last dictator" and resulted in the EU imposing visa sanctions on him and a range of Belarusian officials. At times, the EU has lifted sanctions as a way to encourage dialogue or gain concessions from Lukashenko.<a href="#cite_note-234">[230]</a> Since the EU adopted this policy of "change through engagement", it has supported economic and political reforms to help integrate the Belarusian state.<a href="#cite_note-235">[231]</a> After the EU sanctioned Belarus for its crackdown against the 2020 mass protests, Lukashenko advertised Belarus as an entry point for migrants to reach the EU, resulting in the <a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93European_Union_border_crisis" title="Belarus–European Union border crisis">Belarus–European Union border crisis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-236">[232]</a><a href="#cite_note-237">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-238">[234]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_States">United States</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Belarus–United States relations">Belarus–United States relations</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_Pompeo_Meets_With_Belarusian_President_Lukashenko_(49473917277).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Secretary_Pompeo_Meets_With_Belarusian_President_Lukashenko_%2849473917277%29.jpg/220px-Secretary_Pompeo_Meets_With_Belarusian_President_Lukashenko_%2849473917277%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Secretary_Pompeo_Meets_With_Belarusian_President_Lukashenko_%2849473917277%29.jpg/330px-Secretary_Pompeo_Meets_With_Belarusian_President_Lukashenko_%2849473917277%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Secretary_Pompeo_Meets_With_Belarusian_President_Lukashenko_%2849473917277%29.jpg/440px-Secretary_Pompeo_Meets_With_Belarusian_President_Lukashenko_%2849473917277%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1366" /></a><figcaption>With U.S. secretary of state <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pompeo" title="Mike Pompeo">Mike Pompeo</a> in 2020</figcaption></figure> In March 2003, Lukashenko said that Belarus unanimously condemned the US-led <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-239">[235]</a> On 29 August 2019, <a href="/wiki/John_R._Bolton" class="mw-redirect" title="John R. Bolton">John Bolton</a>, then <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Advisor_(United_States)" title="National Security Advisor (United States)">National Security Advisor of the United States</a>, was received by Lukashenko during his visit to Minsk, which was the first of its kind in 18 years.<a href="#cite_note-240">[236]</a><a href="#cite_note-241">[237]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="China">China</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Belarus–China relations">Belarus–China relations</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lukashenko-Xi_meeting_(2023-03-02).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Lukashenko-Xi_meeting_%282023-03-02%29.png/220px-Lukashenko-Xi_meeting_%282023-03-02%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Lukashenko-Xi_meeting_%282023-03-02%29.png/330px-Lukashenko-Xi_meeting_%282023-03-02%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Lukashenko-Xi_meeting_%282023-03-02%29.png/440px-Lukashenko-Xi_meeting_%282023-03-02%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1102" data-file-height="1069" /></a><figcaption>With <a href="/wiki/President_of_China" title="President of China">Chinese president</a> <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> in 2023</figcaption></figure> Under Lukashenko, China and Belarus have maintained close ties, with him advocating an approach of "understanding China, learning from China, and approaching China."<a href="#cite_note-242">[238]</a> In 2012, the <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress</a> <a href="/wiki/Wu_Bangguo" title="Wu Bangguo">Wu Bangguo</a> noted that Belarus has been rapidly developing under Lukashenko.<a href="#cite_note-243">[239]</a> On 1 March 2023, Lukashenko met <a href="/wiki/President_of_China" title="President of China">Chinese president</a> <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> in Beijing, which produced a range of cooperation documents on industry, trade, agricultural, and other matters.<a href="#cite_note-244">[240]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Middle_East">Middle East</h4></div> Following the <a href="/wiki/2014_Syrian_presidential_election" title="2014 Syrian presidential election">2014 Syrian presidential election</a>, President Lukashenko congratulated President <a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a>. His cable "expressed keenness to strengthen and develop bilateral relations between Belarus and Syria in all fields for the benefit of the two peoples."<a href="#cite_note-245">[241]</a> Belarus condemned the <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>-led <a href="/wiki/2011_military_intervention_in_Libya" title="2011 military intervention in Libya">military intervention in Libya</a>, and the foreign ministry stated that "the missile strikes and bombings on the territory of Libya go beyond Resolution 1973 of the UN Security Council and are in breach of its principal goal, ensuring safety of the civilian population. The Republic of Belarus calls on the states involved with the military operation to cease, with immediate effect, the military operations which lead to human casualties. The settlement of the conflict is an internal affair of Libya and should be carried out by the Libyan people alone without military intervention from outside."<a href="#cite_note-246">[242]</a> They did not recognize the <a href="/wiki/National_Transitional_Council" title="National Transitional Council">National Transitional Council</a>.<a href="#cite_note-247">[243]</a> Upon hearing the news regarding the death of Libyan leader <a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a>, Alexander Lukashenko said that "aggression has been committed, and the country's leadership, not only Muammar Gaddafi, has been killed. And how was it killed? Well, if they had shot him in a battle, it's one thing, but they humiliated and tormented him, they shot at him, they violated him when he was wounded, they twisted his neck and arms, and then they tortured him to death. It's worse than the Nazis once did." He also condemned the current situation of Libya and was critical regarding the future of the country.<a href="#cite_note-248">[244]</a><a href="#cite_note-249">[245]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Others">Others</h4></div> His policies have been praised by some other world leaders. In response to a question about Belarus's domestic policies, President <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Hugo Chávez">Hugo Chávez</a> of <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> said "We see here a model social state like the one we are beginning to create."<a href="#cite_note-250">[246]</a> In 2015, Lukashenko sought to improve trade relations between Belarus and Latin America.<a href="#cite_note-251">[247]</a> In March 2022, Australia sanctioned Lukashenko for giving "<a href="/wiki/Belarusian_involvement_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Belarusian involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">strategic support to Russia and its military forces</a>" in the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-252">[248]</a> Also in 2022, he was blacklisted by New Zealand<a href="#cite_note-253">[249]</a> and Japan<a href="#cite_note-254">[250]</a> on the same grounds. In September 2023, Lukashenko, reacting to the <a href="/wiki/2023_North_Korea%E2%80%93Russia_summit" title="2023 North Korea–Russia summit">2023 North Korea–Russia summit</a>, proposed a three-way cooperation pact with Russia and <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-255">[251]</a> At the December 2024 summit of the <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Economic_Union" title="Eurasian Economic Union">Eurasian Economic Union</a>, Armenian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Nikol_Pashinyan" title="Nikol Pashinyan">Nikol Pashinyan</a> engaged in a heated argument with Lukashenko during a livestream attended by other EEU leaders after Pashinyan refused Lukashenko's invitation to visit Belarus for the next EEU summit, citing Minsk's support for Azerbaijan.<a href="#cite_note-256">[252]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_life">Public life</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Belarusian_protests" title="2020–2021 Belarusian protests">2020–2021 Belarusian protests</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Controversial_statements">Controversial statements</h3></div> Lukashenko has made several controversial statements during his presidency which have been regarded as <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Homophobic" class="mw-redirect" title="Homophobic">homophobic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Misogyni" class="mw-redirect" title="Misogyni">misogynistic</a>. In 1995, Lukashenko made a remark in which he named <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Role_model" title="Role model">role model</a> for his presidential system in Belarus: "The history of Germany is a copy of the history of Belarus. Germany was raised from ruins thanks to firm authority and not everything connected with that well-known figure Hitler was bad. German order evolved over the centuries and attained its peak under Hitler. This corresponds with our understanding of a presidential republic and the role of a president in it."<a href="#cite_note-257">[253]</a><a href="#cite_note-258">[254]</a> Lukashenko refused to take the quote back, but stated that the consequences of Hitler's leadership style in foreign policy had been bad.<a href="#cite_note-259">[255]</a> In October 2007, Lukashenko was accused of making <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitic</a> comments; addressing the "miserable state of the city of <a href="/wiki/Babruysk" title="Babruysk">Babruysk</a>" on a live broadcast on state radio, he stated: "This is a Jewish city, and the Jews are not concerned for the place they live in. They have turned Babruysk into a <a href="/wiki/Pigsty" class="mw-redirect" title="Pigsty">pigsty</a>. Look at Israel—I was there and saw it myself ... I call on Jews who have money to come back to Babruysk."<a href="#cite_note-260">[256]</a><a href="#cite_note-semite-261">[257]</a> Members of the <a href="/wiki/US_House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="US House of Representatives">US House of Representatives</a> sent a letter to the Belarusian ambassador to the US, <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Khvostov" title="Mikhail Khvostov">Mikhail Khvostov</a>, addressing Lukashenko's comments with a strong request to retract them,<a href="#cite_note-kirk-262">[258]</a> and the comments also caused a negative reaction from Israel.<a href="#cite_note-263">[259]</a> Consequently, Pavel Yakubovich, editor of Belarus Today, was sent to Israel, and in a meeting with the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs_Minister_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Affairs Minister of Israel">Israel Foreign Ministry</a> said that Lukashenko's comment was "a mistake that was said jokingly, and does not represent his positions regarding the Jewish people" and that he was "anything but anti-Semitic," and had been "insulted by the mere accusation."<a href="#cite_note-264">[260]</a> The Belarusian Ambassador to Israel, Igor Leshchenya, stated that the president had a "kind attitude toward the Jewish people", and Sergei Rychenko, the press secretary at the Belarusian Embassy in Tel Aviv, said parts of Lukashenko's comments had been mistranslated.<a href="#cite_note-265">[261]</a> On 4 March 2012, two days after EU leaders (including openly gay German Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Guido_Westerwelle" title="Guido Westerwelle">Guido Westerwelle</a>) had called for new measures to pressure Lukashenko over alleged human rights abuses in Belarus at a summit in Brussels, Lukashenko provoked diplomatic rebuke from Germany after commenting that it was "better to be a dictator than gay"<a href="#cite_note-266">[262]</a> in response to Westerwelle having referred to him as "Europe's last dictator" during the meeting.<a href="#cite_note-reuters1-267">[263]</a><a href="#cite_note-268">[264]</a> After some of the initial candidates for the <a href="/wiki/2020_Belarusian_presidential_election" title="2020 Belarusian presidential election">2020 Belarusian presidential election</a> were imprisoned, three women involved with the candidates, led by <a href="/wiki/Sviatlana_Tsikhanouskaya" title="Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya">Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya</a> emerged as leading opposition against him and contested the results of the election. Lukashenko has spoken dismissively about the role of <a href="/wiki/Women_in_Belarus" title="Women in Belarus">women in Belarusian society</a>, saying that "society is not mature enough to vote for a woman" and, referring specifically to Tsikanouskaya, that "she just cooked a tasty cutlet, maybe fed the children, and the cutlet smelled nice [...] And now there's supposed to be a debate about some issues" and that the burden of the presidency would cause her to "collapse, poor thing".<a href="#cite_note-269">[265]</a><a href="#cite_note-270">[266]</a> In July 2021, Lukashenko was accused of making <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitic</a> comments during his Independence Day speech to the armed forces; saying "the Jews managed to force the world to remember the Holocaust. The entire world grovels before them and gives in to them. They are afraid to say a single word out of place" and adding "We are tolerant and likeable. We left things alone until it got to the point where others started attacking us and the memory of our efforts." The Israeli government said the comments were "unacceptable" and summoned the <a href="/wiki/Charg%C3%A9_d%27affaires" title="Chargé d'affaires">chargé d'affaires</a> at the Belarus embassy in Israel.<a href="#cite_note-271">[267]</a><a href="#cite_note-272">[268]</a><a href="#cite_note-273">[269]</a><a href="#cite_note-274">[270]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Lukashisms" title="Lukashisms">Lukashisms</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_opinion">Public opinion</h3></div> Independent polling is tightly restricted in Belarus.<a href="#cite_note-Higgins-2020-275">[271]</a> Surveys are monopolized by the government, which either does not publish its surveys or uses them for propagandistic purposes.<a href="#cite_note-276">[272]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lukashenko%27s_moustache.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Lukashenko%27s_moustache.jpg/250px-Lukashenko%27s_moustache.jpg" decoding="async" width="233" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Lukashenko%27s_moustache.jpg/500px-Lukashenko%27s_moustache.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="403" /></a><figcaption>Lukashenko's trademark moustache</figcaption></figure> According to a leaked internal poll, a third of the population had trust in Lukashenko.<a href="#cite_note-Higgins-2020-275">[271]</a> The last credible public poll in Belarus was a 2016 poll showing approximately 30% approval for Lukashenko.<a href="#cite_note-277">[273]</a> Lukashenko is referred to as "Batska" (бацька, "father") by his supporters.<a href="#cite_note-last-58">[54]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_Belarusian_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2020–21 Belarusian protests">2020–21 Belarusian protests</a>, opponents of Lukashenko began to refer to him as "Sasha 3%" on the basis that they believed that he was only supported by three percent of the Belarusian population.<a href="#cite_note-278">[274]</a><a href="#cite_note-279">[275]</a> The term has subsequently become a popular meme within the Belarusian opposition appearing on T-shirts and posters.<a href="#cite_note-280">[276]</a> Lukashenko has also been referred to as "Tarakanishche" ("Cockroach") by his opponents in reference to the poem "<a href="/wiki/The_Monster_Cockroach" class="mw-redirect" title="The Monster Cockroach">The Monster Cockroach</a>", in which a moustached cockroach inflicts a reign of terror on the other animals before being eaten by a sparrow.<a href="#cite_note-squash-281">[277]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accusations_of_corruption">Accusations of corruption</h3></div> A film produced by <a href="/wiki/Nexta" title="Nexta">Nexta</a>, a Belarusian media service based in Poland, accuses Lukashenko of misappropriating EU funds on residences and automobiles. The film was uploaded to <a href="/wiki/Telegram_(software)" title="Telegram (software)">Telegram</a> and <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>, where it had over 6 million views. Lukashenko did not comment on the film directly, but on a factory visit in March 2021 claimed that opponents were creating a fake story to destabilize the country. Lukashenko states "I want you to understand: I have been working as president for a quarter of a century, and if there were already some billions, as they say, or palaces, I would have already been torn to pieces from all sides." An EU official, Ana Pisonero, said that accusations of Lukashenko misusing EU funds for buildings and residential properties were "speculation".<a href="#cite_note-282">[278]</a><a href="#cite_note-283">[279]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marriage_and_children">Marriage and children</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexander_Lukashenko_with_his_sons.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Alexander_Lukashenko_with_his_sons.jpg/240px-Alexander_Lukashenko_with_his_sons.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Alexander_Lukashenko_with_his_sons.jpg/360px-Alexander_Lukashenko_with_his_sons.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Alexander_Lukashenko_with_his_sons.jpg/480px-Alexander_Lukashenko_with_his_sons.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="422" /></a><figcaption> Lukashenko with his sons</figcaption></figure> Lukashenko married <a href="/wiki/Galina_Lukashenko" title="Galina Lukashenko">Galina Zhelnerovich</a>, his high school sweetheart, in 1975. Later that year, his oldest son, <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Lukashenko" title="Viktor Lukashenko">Viktor</a>, was born. Their second son, <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Lukashenko" title="Dmitry Lukashenko">Dmitry</a>, was born in 1980. Galina lives separately in a house in the village <a href="/wiki/Shklow" title="Shklow">Shklow</a>.<a href="#cite_note-284">[280]</a> Though they are still legally married, Galina Lukashenko has been estranged from her husband since shortly after he became president.<a href="#cite_note-spouse-285">[281]</a> In a 2014 interview, Lukashenko said that they had not lived together for 30 years and the only reason they had not divorced was that he did not want to traumatize his adult sons.<a href="#cite_note-straight-286">[282]</a> Lukashenko has been seen on public occasions with various women; when asked about this in the same 2014 interview he explained that he did not want to sit with an official with a "sour face", preferring "My son on one side, and a girl on the other".<a href="#cite_note-straight-286">[282]</a> Lukashenko fathered a son, <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Lukashenko" title="Nikolai Lukashenko">Nikolai</a>, who was born in 2004. Though never confirmed by the government, it is widely believed that Nikolai's mother is Irina Abelskaya—the two had an extramarital affair when she was Lukashenko's personal doctor.<a href="#cite_note-287">[283]</a> There has never been any public statement about who Nikolai's mother is; Nikolai was raised solely by his father.<a href="#cite_note-288">[284]</a> It has been reported by Western observers and media that Nikolai, nicknamed "Kolya", is being groomed as Lukashenko's successor.<a href="#cite_note-289">[285]</a><a href="#cite_note-290">[286]</a> According to Belarusian state media, these speculations were dismissed by Lukashenko, who also denied that he would remain in office for a further thirty years—the time Nikolai will become eligible to stand for election and succeed him.<a href="#cite_note-291">[287]</a> Lukashenko has a pet dog, a <a href="/wiki/Spitz" title="Spitz">spitz</a> named Umka.<a href="#cite_note-292">[288]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fetisov_Lukashenko_Putin_Kamensky_Sochi_4_January_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Fetisov_Lukashenko_Putin_Kamensky_Sochi_4_January_2014.jpg/225px-Fetisov_Lukashenko_Putin_Kamensky_Sochi_4_January_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Fetisov_Lukashenko_Putin_Kamensky_Sochi_4_January_2014.jpg/338px-Fetisov_Lukashenko_Putin_Kamensky_Sochi_4_January_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Fetisov_Lukashenko_Putin_Kamensky_Sochi_4_January_2014.jpg/450px-Fetisov_Lukashenko_Putin_Kamensky_Sochi_4_January_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="580" /></a><figcaption>Putin on friendly hockey match in the Bolshoy ice arena, Sochi, in 2014. With him are Lukashenko, <a href="/wiki/Viacheslav_Fetisov" title="Viacheslav Fetisov">Viacheslav Fetisov</a> and <a href="/wiki/Valeri_Kamensky" title="Valeri Kamensky">Valeri Kamensky</a>.</figcaption></figure> Lukashenko used to play football, but stopped playing during his presidency.<a href="#cite_note-bayanfootball-293">[289]</a> His two elder sons also play ice hockey, sometimes alongside their father.<a href="#cite_note-294">[290]</a> Lukashenko started training in cross-country running as a child, and in the 2000s still competed at the national level.<a href="#cite_note-295">[291]</a> He is a keen skier and ice hockey forward.<a href="#cite_note-296">[292]</a> In an interview he said that he plays ice hockey three times a week.<a href="#cite_note-297">[293]</a> He has established the Belarus President's team, an amateur team which he sometimes plays for.<a href="#cite_note-298">[294]</a> Numerous <a href="/wiki/Ice_rink" title="Ice rink">ice rinks</a> intended to enable competitive ice hockey games to be played, have been built all over Belarus at Lukashenko's behest.<a href="#cite_note-299">[295]</a> Lukashenko was instrumental in getting the <a href="/wiki/2014_IIHF_World_Championship" title="2014 IIHF World Championship">2014 IIHF World Championship</a> in ice hockey to be hosted by Belarus which was considered controversial due to Lukashenko's repressive regime.<a href="#cite_note-300">[296]</a> Belarus was supposed to host the <a href="/wiki/2021_IIHF_World_Championship" title="2021 IIHF World Championship">2021 IIHF World Championship</a> in May 2021, but that was cancelled after international condemnation and threats by sponsors to withdraw.<a href="#cite_note-301">[297]</a><a href="#cite_note-302">[298]</a><a href="#cite_note-303">[299]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion_and_beliefs">Religion and beliefs</h3></div> Lukashenko describes himself as an "<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodox</a> <a href="/wiki/Christian_atheism" title="Christian atheism">atheist</a>"<a href="#cite_note-304">[300]</a> and has said that he believes that a president should be a conservative person and avoid using modern electronic technology such as a <a href="/wiki/Tablet_computer" title="Tablet computer">tablet</a> or <a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphone</a>.<a href="#cite_note-305">[301]</a> He used to play the <a href="/wiki/Bayan_(accordion)" title="Bayan (accordion)">bayan</a>, a musical instrument similar to an accordion.<a href="#cite_note-bayanfootball-293">[289]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Orders_and_honors">Orders and honors</h2></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lukasjenko-31.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Lukasjenko-31.jpg/250px-Lukasjenko-31.jpg" decoding="async" width="236" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Lukasjenko-31.jpg/354px-Lukasjenko-31.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Lukasjenko-31.jpg 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="276" /></a><figcaption>Alexander Lukashenko wearing the uniform of the commander-in-chief of the <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Armed_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Belarusian Armed Forces">Belarusian Armed Forces</a> in 2001</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rank_of_the_Supreme_Commander_of_the_Republic_of_Belarus.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Rank_of_the_Supreme_Commander_of_the_Republic_of_Belarus.svg/100px-Rank_of_the_Supreme_Commander_of_the_Republic_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Rank_of_the_Supreme_Commander_of_the_Republic_of_Belarus.svg/150px-Rank_of_the_Supreme_Commander_of_the_Republic_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Rank_of_the_Supreme_Commander_of_the_Republic_of_Belarus.svg/200px-Rank_of_the_Supreme_Commander_of_the_Republic_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="173" data-file-height="444" /></a><figcaption>Shoulder straps of the Supreme Commander of the Republic of Belarus</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_orders_and_honors">National orders and honors</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medal_%22In_Commemoration_of_the_850th_Anniversary_of_Moscow%22" title="Medal "In Commemoration of the 850th Anniversary of Moscow"">Medal "In Commemoration of the 850th Anniversary of Moscow"</a> (1997)<a href="#cite_note-306">[302]</a></li> <li>Medal "Bethlehem-2000" (<a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Authority">Palestinian National Authority</a>, 2000)<a href="#cite_note-307">[303]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Jos%C3%A9_Mart%C3%AD" title="Order of José Martí">Order of José Martí</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>, 2000)<a href="#cite_note-308">[304]</a></li> <li>Order of the Revolution (<a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>, 2000)<a href="#cite_note-309">[305]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_%22For_Merit_to_the_Fatherland%22" title="Order "For Merit to the Fatherland"">Order "For Merit to the Fatherland"</a>, 2nd Class (Russia, 2001)<a href="#cite_note-310">[306]</a></li> <li>Grand Chain of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Liberator" title="Order of the Liberator">Order of the Liberator</a> (Venezuela, 2007)<a href="#cite_note-311">[307]</a></li> <li>Order of Distinguished Citizen (Caracas, Venezuela, 2010)<a href="#cite_note-312">[308]</a></li> <li>Order of Francisco Miranda, First Class (Venezuela, 2010)<a href="#cite_note-313">[309]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Republic_of_Serbia" title="Order of the Republic of Serbia">Order of the Republic of Serbia</a> (2013)<a href="#cite_note-314">[310]</a><a href="#cite_note-315">[311]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Order_of_Excellence" title="Presidential Order of Excellence">Presidential Order of Excellence</a> (<a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>, 2013)<a href="#cite_note-316">[312]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Alexander_Nevsky" title="Order of Alexander Nevsky">Order of Alexander Nevsky</a> (Russia, 30 August 2014)<a href="#cite_note-317">[313]</a></li> <li>Badge of the Investigative Committee of the Republic of Belarus "For Merit" (<a href="/wiki/Investigative_Committee_of_Belarus" title="Investigative Committee of Belarus">Investigative Committee of the Republic of Belarus</a>, 11 February 2016)<a href="#cite_note-318">[314]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Republic_(Moldova)" title="Order of the Republic (Moldova)">Order of the Republic</a> (Moldova, 4 October 2016) – as a sign of deep gratitude for the special merits in the development and strengthening of friendship, mutual understanding and cooperation in various areas between the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of Moldova and for the great personal contribution to providing significant support to our country in a difficult economic situation.<a href="#cite_note-319">[315]</a><a href="#cite_note-320">[316]</a></li> <li>Order of Heydar Aliyev (Azerbaijan, 28 November 2016) – for special merits in the development of friendly relations and cooperation between the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of Azerbaijan.<a href="#cite_note-321">[317]</a><a href="#cite_note-322">[318]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Nazarbayev" title="Order of Nazarbayev">Order of Nazarbayev</a> (Kazakhstan, 2019)<a href="#cite_note-323">[319]</a><a href="#cite_note-324">[320]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecclesial_orders">Ecclesial orders</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Righteous_Grand_Duke_Dmitry_Donskoy" title="Order of Saint Righteous Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy">Order of St. Dmitry Donskoy</a>, 1st Degree (by the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a>) (2005)<a href="#cite_note-325">[321]</a></li> <li>Order of St. Cyril (by the <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Orthodox_Church" title="Belarusian Orthodox Church">Belarusian Orthodox Church</a>) (2006)<a href="#cite_note-326">[322]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Vladimir#Order_of_Saint_Vladimir_of_the_Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Order of Saint Vladimir">Order of St. Vladimir</a>, 1st Degree (by the Russian Orthodox Church) (2007)<a href="#cite_note-327">[323]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Sava" title="Order of St. Sava">Order of St. Sava</a>, 1st Degree (by the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbian Orthodox Church</a>) (2014)<a href="#cite_note-328">[324]</a></li> <li>Order of <a href="/wiki/St._Seraphim_of_Sarov" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Seraphim of Sarov">St. Seraphim of Sarov</a>, 1st Degree (2015) – for merits in protecting the spiritual values of the Belarusian people, maintaining church life and establishing peaceful relations between people of different faiths.<a href="#cite_note-329">[325]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Municipal_honors">Municipal honors</h3></div> <ul><li>Honorary citizen of <a href="/wiki/Yerevan,_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Yerevan, Armenia">Yerevan, Armenia</a> (2001)<a href="#cite_note-330">[326]</a></li> <li>Keys to the City of <a href="/wiki/Caracas,_Venezuela" class="mw-redirect" title="Caracas, Venezuela">Caracas, Venezuela</a> (2010)<a href="#cite_note-331">[327]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Educational_honors">Educational honors</h3></div> <ul><li>Honorary Diploma of the <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Economic_Community" title="Eurasian Economic Community">Eurasian Economic Community</a> (2006)<a href="#cite_note-332">[328]</a></li> <li>Honorary Doctor of Science, <a href="/wiki/Taras_Shevchenko_National_University_of_Kyiv" title="Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv">Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv</a>. He was deprived of his status on 7 June 2021 due to the forced landing of a Ryanair aircraft in Belarus. He became the first honorary doctor of science in the history of the university who was deprived of this title.<a href="#cite_note-333">[329]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_distinctions">Other distinctions</h3></div> <ul><li>Winner of the international premium of Andrey Pervozvanny "For Faith and Loyalty" (1995)<a href="#cite_note-334">[330]</a></li> <li>Special prize of the <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">International Olympic Committee</a> "Gates of Olympus" (2000)<a href="#cite_note-335">[331]</a></li> <li>Medal of the <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Festival_Organizations" title="International Federation of Festival Organizations">International Federation of Festival Organizations</a> "For development of the world festival movement" (2005)<a href="#cite_note-336">[332]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ig_Nobel_Prize" title="Ig Nobel Prize">Ig Nobel Prize</a> (Peace in 2013, Medical Education in 2020)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> A number of countries <a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_2020_Belarusian_presidential_election_and_protests" title="International reactions to the 2020 Belarusian presidential election and protests">do not recognize</a> Lukashenko as the legitimate president of Belarus since the <a href="/wiki/2020_Belarusian_presidential_election" title="2020 Belarusian presidential election">2020 Belarusian presidential election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> Affiliated non-member </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: Александр Григорьевич Лукашенко, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>: Aleksandr Grigoryevich Lukashenko, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">[ɐlʲɪkˈsandr ɡrʲɪˈɡorʲjɪvʲɪtɕ lʊkɐˈʂɛnkə]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a>: Аляксандр Рыгоравіч Лукашэнка,<a href="#cite_note-9">[6]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991" />IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Belarusian" title="Help:IPA/Belarusian">[alʲækˈsand(ɐ)r rɨˈɣɔravʲit͡ʂ lukaˈʂɛnka]</a>. In English, both transliterations from Belarusian and Russian are used, and his <a href="/wiki/First_name" class="mw-redirect" title="First name">first name</a> is often <a href="/wiki/Anglicized" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglicized">anglicized</a> to Alexander. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/20200923-belarus-leader-lukashenko-holds-secret-inauguration-amid-continuing-protests">"Belarus leader Lukashenko holds secret inauguration amid continuing protests"</a>. france24.com. 23 September 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210604164256/https://www.france24.com/en/20200923-belarus-leader-lukashenko-holds-secret-inauguration-amid-continuing-protests">Archived</a> from the original on 4 June 2021. Retrieved 2 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=france24.com&rft.atitle=Belarus+leader+Lukashenko+holds+secret+inauguration+amid+continuing+protests&rft.date=2020-09-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20200923-belarus-leader-lukashenko-holds-secret-inauguration-amid-continuing-protests&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-54262953">"Belarus: Mass protests after Lukashenko secretly sworn in"</a>. BBC News. 23 September 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210524171331/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-54262953">Archived</a> from the original on 24 May 2021. 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CNN.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Lukashenko+sweeps+to+victory+in+Belarus+after+stage-managed+election&rft.date=2025-01-27&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2025%2F01%2F27%2Feurope%2Fbelarus-election-lukashenko-win-sham-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBalmforth2012" class="citation web cs1">Balmforth, Richard (27 November 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-belarus-lukashenko-extracts-idUSBRE8AQ0V520121127">"Interview with Belarus President Lukashenko"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211108230535/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-belarus-lukashenko-extracts-idUSBRE8AQ0V520121127">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2021. Retrieved 9 November 2021. <q>"I am the last dictator in Europe," Belarussian President Alexander Lukashenko has told Reuters in a rare interview.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+with+Belarus+President+Lukashenko&rft.pub=Reuters&rft.date=2012-11-27&rft.aulast=Balmforth&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-belarus-lukashenko-extracts-idUSBRE8AQ0V520121127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTharoor" class="citation news cs1">Tharoor, Ishaan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2020/08/24/belarus-protests-lukashenko/">"Analysis: Can people power topple Europe's 'last dictator'?"</a>. 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BBC. 9 January 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071023013357/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/3882843.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 23 October 2007. Retrieved 7 August 2014. <q>'..an authoritarian ruling style is characteristic of me [Lukashenko]'</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Profile%3A+Alexander+Lukashenko&rft.date=2007-01-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F3882843.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLevitskyWay2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Levitsky" title="Steven Levitsky">Levitsky, Steven</a>; Way, Lucan A. (2010). "The Evolution of Post-Soviet Competitive Authoritarianism". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NZDI05p1PDgC">Competitive Authoritarianism: Hybrid Regimes after the Cold War</a>. Problems of International Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 203. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781139491488" title="Special:BookSources/9781139491488"><bdi>9781139491488</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200612042246/https://books.google.com/books?id=NZDI05p1PDgC">Archived</a> from the original on 12 June 2020. Retrieved 12 June 2020. <q>Unlike his predecessor, Lukashenka consolidated authoritarian rule. 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Herron, Erik S; Pekkanen, Robert J; Shugart, Matthew S (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190258658.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780190258658-e-23">"Presidential and Legislative Elections"</a>. The Oxford Handbook of Electoral Systems. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780190258658.001.0001">10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190258658.001.0001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780190258658" title="Special:BookSources/9780190258658"><bdi>9780190258658</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180122054620/https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190258658.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780190258658-e-23">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2018. Retrieved 21 May 2020. <q>unanimous agreement among serious scholars that... Lukashenko's 2015 election occurred within an authoritarian context.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Electoral+Systems&rft.atitle=Presidential+and+Legislative+Elections&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780190258658.001.0001&rft.isbn=9780190258658&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Mark+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordhandbooks.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780190258658.001.0001%2Foxfordhb-9780190258658-e-23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLevitsky2013" class="citation book cs1">Levitsky, Steven (2013). Competitive authoritarianism: hybrid regimes after the Cold War. Cambridge University Press. pp. 4, 9–10, 21, 70. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-88252-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-88252-1"><bdi>978-0-521-88252-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/968631692">968631692</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Competitive+authoritarianism%3A+hybrid+regimes+after+the+Cold+War&rft.pages=4%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E9-%3C%2Fspan%3E10%2C+21%2C+70&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F968631692&rft.isbn=978-0-521-88252-1&rft.aulast=Levitsky&rft.aufirst=Steven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCrabtreeFarissSchuler2016" class="citation journal cs1">Crabtree, Charles; Fariss, Christopher J.; Schuler, Paul (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261379415300925">"The presidential election in Belarus, October 2015"</a>. Electoral Studies. 42: 304–307. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.electstud.2016.02.006">10.1016/j.electstud.2016.02.006</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3794">0261-3794</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:155377250">155377250</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200622151722/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261379415300925">Archived</a> from the original on 22 June 2020. Retrieved 21 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Electoral+Studies&rft.atitle=The+presidential+election+in+Belarus%2C+October+2015&rft.volume=42&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E304-%3C%2Fspan%3E307&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A155377250%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0261-3794&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.electstud.2016.02.006&rft.aulast=Crabtree&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.au=Fariss%2C+Christopher+J.&rft.au=Schuler%2C+Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS0261379415300925&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/belarus-strongman-lukashenko-marks-25-years-in-power/a-49530563">"Belarus strongman Lukashenko marks 25 years in power"</a>. Deutsche Welle. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190710070927/https://www.dw.com/en/belarus-strongman-lukashenko-marks-25-years-in-power/a-49530563">Archived</a> from the original on 10 July 2019. Retrieved 21 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=Belarus+strongman+Lukashenko+marks+25+years+in+power&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fbelarus-strongman-lukashenko-marks-25-years-in-power%2Fa-49530563&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2012:285:0001:0052:EN:PDF">"COUNCIL DECISION 2012/642/CFSP concerning restrictive measures against Belarus"</a>. Official Journal of the European Union. 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Retrieved 7 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Official+Journal+of+the+European+Union&rft.atitle=COUNCIL+DECISION+2012%2F642%2FCFSP+concerning+restrictive+measures+against+Belarus&rft.date=2012-10-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feur-lex.europa.eu%2FLexUriServ%2FLexUriServ.do%3Furi%3DOJ%3AL%3A2012%3A285%3A0001%3A0052%3AEN%3APDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/Programs/pages/belarus.aspx">"Belarus Sanctions"</a>. Department of the Treasury. Government of the United States. 5 December 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101216164837/http://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/Programs/pages/belarus.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 16 December 2010. Retrieved 7 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Department+of+the+Treasury&rft.atitle=Belarus+Sanctions&rft.date=2012-12-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.treasury.gov%2Fresource-center%2Fsanctions%2FPrograms%2Fpages%2Fbelarus.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54846049">"EU slaps sanctions on Belarus leader Lukashenko for crackdown"</a>. BBC. 6 November 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210517202021/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54846049">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=EU+slaps+sanctions+on+Belarus+leader+Lukashenko+for+crackdown&rft.date=2020-11-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-54846049&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLjunggren2020" class="citation news cs1">Ljunggren, Josh Smith (29 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-belarus-election-sanctions/britain-and-canada-impose-sanctions-on-belarus-leader-lukashenko-idUKKBN26K2QV">"Britain and Canada impose sanctions on Belarus leader Lukashenko"</a>. Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210411164455/https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-belarus-election-sanctions/britain-and-canada-impose-sanctions-on-belarus-leader-lukashenko-idUKKBN26K2QV">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 13 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Britain+and+Canada+impose+sanctions+on+Belarus+leader+Lukashenko&rft.date=2020-09-29&rft.aulast=Ljunggren&rft.aufirst=Josh+Smith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fuk-belarus-election-sanctions%2Fbritain-and-canada-impose-sanctions-on-belarus-leader-lukashenko-idUKKBN26K2QV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32020R1648&from=EN">COUNCIL IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) 2020/1648 of 6 November 2020 implementing Article 8a(1) of Regulation (EC) No 765/2006 concerning restrictive measures in respect of Belarus</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220223093926/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32020R1648&from=EN">Archived</a> 23 February 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-swiss-belarus-sanctions-idUKKBN28M09I">"Swiss freeze assets of Belarus leader Lukashenko"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 12 December 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211211063954/https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-swiss-belarus-sanctions-idUKKBN28M09I">Archived</a> from the original on 11 December 2021. Retrieved 15 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Swiss+freeze+assets+of+Belarus+leader+Lukashenko&rft.date=2020-12-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fuk-swiss-belarus-sanctions-idUKKBN28M09I&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage/84346/el-pais-interview-hrvp-borrell-%E2%80%9Clukashenko-maduro-we-do-not-recognize-him-he-must-deal-him%E2%80%9D_en">"El Pais interview with HR/VP Borrell: "Lukashenko is like Maduro. We do not recognize him but we must deal with him""</a>. eeas.europa.eu. 24 August 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201008100014/https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage/84346/el-pais-interview-hrvp-borrell-%E2%80%9Clukashenko-maduro-we-do-not-recognize-him-he-must-deal-him%E2%80%9D_en">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2020. Retrieved 25 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=El+Pais+interview+with+HR%2FVP+Borrell%3A+%22Lukashenko+is+like+Maduro.+We+do+not+recognize+him+but+we+must+deal+with+him%22&rft.pub=eeas.europa.eu&rft.date=2020-08-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feeas.europa.eu%2Fheadquarters%2Fheadquarters-homepage%2F84346%2Fel-pais-interview-hrvp-borrell-%25E2%2580%259Clukashenko-maduro-we-do-not-recognize-him-he-must-deal-him%25E2%2580%259D_en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Axios-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Axios_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Axios_18-1">b</a> Dave Lawler, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.axios.com/us-lukashenko-president-belarus-353ed235-98f7-446f-919a-6a6cdab81975.html">U.S. no longer recognizes Lukashenko as legitimate president of Belarus</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211221151140/https://www.axios.com/us-lukashenko-president-belarus-353ed235-98f7-446f-919a-6a6cdab81975.html">Archived</a> 21 December 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Axios (24 September 2020). </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.eu/article/the-milk-split-by-the-milk-war/">"The milk split by the milk war"</a>. 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Лукашенко изменил биографию (видео и фото) » UDF.BY | Новости Беларуси | Объединённые демократические силы</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150724115400/http://udf.by/sobytie/33180-skandal-lukashenko-izmenil-biografiyu.html">Archived</a> 24 July 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. UDF.BY. Retrieved 13 April 2011. </li> <li id="cite_note-president.gov.by-21"><a href="#cite_ref-president.gov.by_21-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://president.gov.by/press10003.html">Официальный интернет-портал Президента Республики Беларусь/Биография</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131207094012/http://president.gov.by/press10003.html">Archived</a> 7 December 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. President.gov.by (11 May 1998). 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Комсомольской Правды в Белоруссии (in Russian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.charter97.org/rus/news/2003/08/15/rodstvennik">the original</a> on 31 July 2008. Retrieved 28 December 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D1%8B+%D0%B2+%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.atitle=%D0%92+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA+%D0%B8%D0%B7+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B+%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82+%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE&rft.date=2003-08-15&rft.aulast=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9&rft.aufirst=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80&rft.au=%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.charter97.org%2Frus%2Fnews%2F2003%2F08%2F15%2Frodstvennik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Telegraph_2008-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Telegraph_2008_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Telegraph_2008_25-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Telegraph_2008_25-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Telegraph_2008_25-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/profiles/3080936/Alexander-Lukashenko-Dictator-with-a-difference.html">"Alexander Lukashenko: Dictator with a difference"</a>. The Daily Telegraph. London. 25 September 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080926101350/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/profiles/3080936/Alexander-Lukashenko-Dictator-with-a-difference.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 September 2008. Retrieved 26 September 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Alexander+Lukashenko%3A+Dictator+with+a+difference&rft.date=2008-09-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fnewstopics%2Fprofiles%2F3080936%2FAlexander-Lukashenko-Dictator-with-a-difference.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAstapova2016" class="citation journal cs1">Astapova, Anastasiya (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/jfolkrese.53.2.02">"Political Biography: Incoherence, Contestation, and Elements of the Hero Pattern in the Belarusian Case"</a>. Journal of Folklore Research. 53 (2): 31–62. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2979%2Fjfolkrese.53.2.02">10.2979/jfolkrese.53.2.02</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0737-7037">0737-7037</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/jfolkrese.53.2.02">10.2979/jfolkrese.53.2.02</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:148428135">148428135</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201217144222/https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/jfolkrese.53.2.02">Archived</a> from the original on 17 December 2020. Retrieved 6 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Folklore+Research&rft.atitle=Political+Biography%3A+Incoherence%2C+Contestation%2C+and+Elements+of+the+Hero+Pattern+in+the+Belarusian+Case&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E31-%3C%2Fspan%3E62&rft.date=2016&rft.issn=0737-7037&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A148428135%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.2979%2Fjfolkrese.53.2.02%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2979%2Fjfolkrese.53.2.02&rft.aulast=Astapova&rft.aufirst=Anastasiya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.2979%2Fjfolkrese.53.2.02&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201022082221/https://news.tut.by/society/449462.html">""Рослая, сильная, с характером". В Александрии похоронили мать Лукашенко"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tut.By" title="Tut.By">Tut.By</a>. 26 May 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.tut.by/society/449462.html">the original</a> on 22 October 2020. Retrieved 13 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%8F%2C+%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F%2C+%D1%81+%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%22.+%D0%92+%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE&rft.pub=Tut.By&rft.date=2015-05-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.tut.by%2Fsociety%2F449462.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bio-28"><a href="#cite_ref-bio_28-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121130162456/http://www.president.gov.by/en/press35803.html">"President Visits New Swimming Complex in Minsk"</a>. 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Unayvse. 30 August 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170921045807/https://uznayvse.ru/znamenitosti/biografiya-aleksandr-lukashenko.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2017. Retrieved 20 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80+%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%2C+%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F%2C+%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%2C+%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE+%E2%80%93+%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9+%D0%B2ce%21&rft.pub=Unayvse&rft.date=2017-08-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuznayvse.ru%2Fznamenitosti%2Fbiografiya-aleksandr-lukashenko.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes-30"><a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_30-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSpector1994" class="citation news cs1">Spector, Michael (25 June 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1994/06/25/world/belarus-voters-back-populist-in-protest-at-the-quality-of-life.html">"Belarus Voters Back Populist in Protest at the Quality of Life"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180901115703/https://www.nytimes.com/1994/06/25/world/belarus-voters-back-populist-in-protest-at-the-quality-of-life.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 September 2018. Retrieved 17 October 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Belarus+Voters+Back+Populist+in+Protest+at+the+Quality+of+Life&rft.date=1994-06-25&rft.aulast=Spector&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1994%2F06%2F25%2Fworld%2Fbelarus-voters-back-populist-in-protest-at-the-quality-of-life.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSavchenko2009" class="citation book cs1">Savchenko, Andrew (15 May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lmld75blKCwC&pg=PA179">"Borderland Forever: Modern Belarus"</a>. Belarus: A Perpetual Borderland. Brill Academic Pub. p. 179. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004174481" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004174481"><bdi>978-9004174481</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160521132703/https://books.google.com/books?id=lmld75blKCwC&pg=PA179">Archived</a> from the original on 21 May 2016. 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The Countries of the Former Soviet Union at the Turn of the Twenty-First Century: The Baltic and European States in Transition. Routledge. p. 266. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415252300" title="Special:BookSources/978-0415252300"><bdi>978-0415252300</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160519201548/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZYy46_X2WS8C&pg=PA266">Archived</a> from the original on 19 May 2016. Retrieved 11 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Belarus&rft.btitle=The+Countries+of+the+Former+Soviet+Union+at+the+Turn+of+the+Twenty-First+Century%3A+The+Baltic+and+European+States+in+Transition&rft.pages=266&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004-03-04&rft.isbn=978-0415252300&rft.aulast=Jeffries&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZYy46_X2WS8C%26pg%3DPA266&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFiltenborgWeichert2020" class="citation news cs1">Filtenborg, Emil; Weichert, Stefan (28 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euronews.com/2020/09/24/he-stopped-listening-and-became-cruel-lukashenko-remembered-by-former-campaign-manager">"'He stopped listening... and became cruel': Lukashenko remembered by former campaign manager"</a>. Euro News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210225144648/https://www.euronews.com/2020/09/24/he-stopped-listening-and-became-cruel-lukashenko-remembered-by-former-campaign-manager">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 18 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Euro+News&rft.atitle=%27He+stopped+listening...+and+became+cruel%27%3A+Lukashenko+remembered+by+former+campaign+manager&rft.date=2020-09-28&rft.aulast=Filtenborg&rft.aufirst=Emil&rft.au=Weichert%2C+Stefan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euronews.com%2F2020%2F09%2F24%2Fhe-stopped-listening-and-became-cruel-lukashenko-remembered-by-former-campaign-manager&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-white05-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-white05_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-white05_34-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-white05_34-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHill2005" class="citation book cs1">Hill, Ronald J. 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ХХІ стагодзьдзе.) — Радыё Свабодная Эўропа / Радыё Свабода, 2015. — 320 с.: іл. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-929849-73-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-929849-73-7">978-0-929849-73-7</a>. p. 132–5 </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nashaniva.by/?c=ar&i=262559">Сапраўдныя беларускія сімвалы: вось што трэба ведаць пра Пагоню і БЧБ</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201121225512/https://nashaniva.by/?c=ar&i=262559">Archived</a> 21 November 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Наша Ніва">Наша Ніва</a>, 22 лістапада 2020 г. </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110718093150/http://www.rec.gov.by/refer/refer1995.html">"1995 Referendum Questions"</a>. 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Central European University Press. pp. 103–4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9639776685" title="Special:BookSources/978-9639776685"><bdi>978-9639776685</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160424094528/https://books.google.com/books?id=DiwPRpRYt2kC&pg=PA103">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2016. 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Мы прямо сейчас безнадежно теряем Беларусь"</a> (in Russian). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosbalt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rosbalt (page does not exist)">Rosbalt</a>. 26 May 2021. 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Retrieved 9 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mfa.gov.kg&rft.atitle=%D0%92+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB+%D0%9A%D0%A0+%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BB+%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD+%D0%92%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B2+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%B2+%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5+%D0%A1.%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2+%E2%80%93+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB+%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmfa.gov.kg%2Fru%2Fosnovnoe-menyu%2Fpress-sluzhba%2Fnovosti%2F7-avgusta-2019-goda-v-ministerstvo-inostrannyh-del-kr-byl-vyzvan-vremennyy-poverennyy-v-delah-posolstva-respubliki-belarus-v-kyrgyzskoy-respublike-sivanov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rferl.org/a/kyrgyz-fm-summons-belarusian-ambassador-over-lukashenka-bakiev-meeting/30097537.html">"Kyrgyz FM Summons Belarusian Ambassador Over Lukashenka-Bakiev Meeting"</a>. rferl.org. 7 August 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190808234752/https://www.rferl.org/amp/kyrgyz-fm-summons-belarusian-ambassador-over-lukashenka-bakiev-meeting/30097537.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 August 2019. Retrieved 13 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rferl.org&rft.atitle=Kyrgyz+FM+Summons+Belarusian+Ambassador+Over+Lukashenka-Bakiev+Meeting&rft.date=2019-08-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fa%2Fkyrgyz-fm-summons-belarusian-ambassador-over-lukashenka-bakiev-meeting%2F30097537.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://president.gov.by/ru/news_ru/view/vstrecha-s-eks-prezidentom-kyrgyzstana-kurmanbekom-bakievym-21729">"Официальный интернет-портал Президента Республики Беларусь"</a>. president.gov.by. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191008042319/http://president.gov.by/ru/news_ru/view/vstrecha-s-eks-prezidentom-kyrgyzstana-kurmanbekom-bakievym-21729/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2019. Retrieved 13 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=president.gov.by&rft.atitle=%D0%9E%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpresident.gov.by%2Fru%2Fnews_ru%2Fview%2Fvstrecha-s-eks-prezidentom-kyrgyzstana-kurmanbekom-bakievym-21729&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/belarus-president-alexander-lukashenko-visits-austria/a-51209658">"Lukashenko ends his European isolation"</a>. amp.dw.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191113070816/https://amp.dw.com/en/belarus-president-alexander-lukashenko-visits-austria/a-51209658">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2019. 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Retrieved 21 May 2020. <q>unanimous agreement among serious scholars that... Lukashenko's 2015 election occurred within an authoritarian context.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Electoral+Systems&rft.atitle=Presidential+and+Legislative+Elections&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780190258658.001.0001&rft.isbn=9780190258658&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Mark+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordhandbooks.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780190258658.001.0001%2Foxfordhb-9780190258658-e-23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-atlanticcouncil_about_elections-131"><a href="#cite_ref-atlanticcouncil_about_elections_131-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200822131103/https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/ukrainealert/lukashenko-vs-democracy-where-is-belarus-heading/">"Lukashenka vs. democracy: Where is Belarus heading?"</a>. 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Retrieved 18 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=people.onliner.by&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE+%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D1%81+%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BC+%E2%80%94+%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F+%D0%BE%D0%BD+%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B5+%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8&rft.date=2020-08-30&rft.aulast=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.aufirst=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpeople.onliner.by%2F2020%2F08%2F30%2Fpoyavilos-novoe-foto-lukashenko-s-oruzhiem-segodnya-on-tozhe-naxodilsya-vo-dvorce-nezavisimosti&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKalinovskaya2020" class="citation news cs1">Kalinovskaya, Tatiana (24 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2020/09/23/secret-lukashenko-inauguration-triggers-fresh-belarus-clashes-a71522">"Secret Lukashenko Inauguration Triggers Fresh Belarus Clashes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscow Times">Moscow Times</a>. <a href="/wiki/Agence_France_Presse" class="mw-redirect" title="Agence France Presse">Agence France Presse</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925045741/https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2020/09/23/secret-lukashenko-inauguration-triggers-fresh-belarus-clashes-a71522">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2020. Retrieved 24 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Moscow+Times&rft.atitle=Secret+Lukashenko+Inauguration+Triggers+Fresh+Belarus+Clashes&rft.date=2020-09-24&rft.aulast=Kalinovskaya&rft.aufirst=Tatiana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.themoscowtimes.com%2F2020%2F09%2F23%2Fsecret-lukashenko-inauguration-triggers-fresh-belarus-clashes-a71522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/lukashenko-says-he-will-leave-his-post-after-months-protests-n1249124">"Belarus' Lukashenko says he will leave his post, state media reports"</a>. NBC News. 27 November 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210112153108/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/lukashenko-says-he-will-leave-his-post-after-months-protests-n1249124">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2021. Retrieved 28 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Belarus%27+Lukashenko+says+he+will+leave+his+post%2C+state+media+reports&rft.date=2020-11-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Flukashenko-says-he-will-leave-his-post-after-months-protests-n1249124&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.olympic.org/news/ioc-eb-takes-provisional-measures-against-noc-of-belarus">"IOC EB TAKES PROVISIONAL MEASURES AGAINST NOC OF BELARUS"</a>. The International Olympic Committee. 7 December 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210316222051/https://www.olympic.org/news/ioc-eb-takes-provisional-measures-against-noc-of-belarus">Archived</a> from the original on 16 March 2021. Retrieved 29 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IOC+EB+TAKES+PROVISIONAL+MEASURES+AGAINST+NOC+OF+BELARUS&rft.pub=The+International+Olympic+Committee&rft.date=2020-12-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympic.org%2Fnews%2Fioc-eb-takes-provisional-measures-against-noc-of-belarus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7292711Lca-150">^ <a href="#cite_ref-7292711Lca_150-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-7292711Lca_150-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-7292711Lca_150-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-7292711Lca_150-3">d</a> (in Ukrainian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2021/05/6/7292711/">One of the defendants in the "assassination attempt on Lukashenko" case is seeking refugee status in Ukraine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210506214210/https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2021/05/6/7292711/">Archived</a> 6 May 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrayinska_Pravda" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrayinska Pravda">Ukrayinska Pravda</a> (6 May 2021) (in Ukrainian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2021/04/17/7290605/The">FSB involved Ukrainian nationalists in "preparing a coup in Belarus."</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍], <a href="/wiki/Ukrayinska_Pravda" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrayinska Pravda">Ukrayinska Pravda</a> (17 April 2021) </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/belarus-europe-government-and-politics-fbb7d43b13c48214ff9e2c5485f3a507">"Belarus leader seeks to empower son in succession move"</a>. 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Retrieved 24 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Moscow+Times&rft.atitle=Wagner+Chief+Says+His+Rebel+Troops+%27Turning+Back%27&rft.date=2023-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.themoscowtimes.com%2F2023%2F06%2F24%2Fwagner-chief-says-his-rebel-troops-turning-back-a81617&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/27/russia-bombs-busy-ukraine-restaurant-as-wagner-moves-to-belarus">"Russia bombs busy Ukraine restaurant as Wagner moves to Belarus"</a>. www.aljazeera.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230628051640/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/27/russia-bombs-busy-ukraine-restaurant-as-wagner-moves-to-belarus">Archived</a> from the original on 28 June 2023. 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Retrieved 7 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Belarus+eyes+new+IMF+loans&rft.date=2012-10-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.xinhuanet.com%2Fenglish%2Fworld%2F2012-10%2F30%2Fc_131938257.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-14706646">"RBS agrees to end work for Belarus"</a>. BBC. 29 August 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111201224745/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-14706646">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2011. Retrieved 7 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RBS+agrees+to+end+work+for+Belarus&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2011-08-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fbusiness-14706646&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> Potupa, Aleksandr (2 May 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=19641&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=219">"Lukashism" has the potential to spread beyond Belarus</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303233849/http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=19641&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=219">Archived</a> 3 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Prism_(Jamestown)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prism (Jamestown)">Prism</a>, Volume: 3 Issue: 6. </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDubina1998" class="citation web cs1">Dubina, Yuras (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928082144/http://www.open.by/belarus-now/cont/1998/1117/politics/bg5-pol.html">"A museum to commemorate victims of communism"</a>. Belarus Now. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.open.by/belarus-now/cont/1998/1117/politics/bg5-pol.html">the original</a> on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 13 October 2007. <q>Belarusian MPs propose to dedicate a section in the future museum to Lukashism</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+museum+to+commemorate+victims+of+communism&rft.pub=Belarus+Now&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Dubina&rft.aufirst=Yuras&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.open.by%2Fbelarus-now%2Fcont%2F1998%2F1117%2Fpolitics%2Fbg5-pol.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929011937/http://www.zubr-belarus.com/english/index.php?show=oldpress%2Foldpress058">"Beware of Lukashism!"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Zubr_(political_organization)" title="Zubr (political organization)">Zubr</a>. 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Retrieved 13 October 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beware+of+Lukashism%21&rft.pub=Zubr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zubr-belarus.com%2Fenglish%2Findex.php%3Fshow%3Doldpress%2Foldpress058&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-white_house-187"><a href="#cite_ref-white_house_187-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOffice_of_the_Press_secretary2004" class="citation web cs1">Office of the Press secretary (20 October 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2004/10/20041020-14.html">"Statement on the Belarus Democracy Act of 2004"</a>. 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Retrieved 13 October 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statement+on+the+Belarus+Democracy+Act+of+2004&rft.pub=The+White+House&rft.date=2004-10-20&rft.au=Office+of+the+Press+secretary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgeorgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov%2Fnews%2Freleases%2F2004%2F10%2F20041020-14.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BelarusNewsAnalysis-188"><a href="#cite_ref-BelarusNewsAnalysis_188-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPavlov2006" class="citation web cs1">Pavlov, Nikolai (27 March 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061009213507/http://www.data.minsk.by/belarusnews/032006/528.html">"Belarus protesters go on trial as new rallies loom"</a>. Belarus News and Analysis. 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Retrieved 13 October 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Belarus+News+and+Analysis&rft.atitle=Belarus+protesters+go+on+trial+as+new+rallies+loom&rft.date=2006-03-27&rft.aulast=Pavlov&rft.aufirst=Nikolai&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.data.minsk.by%2Fbelarusnews%2F032006%2F528.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chrissmith.house.gov/uploadedfiles/pl108347.pdf">The Belarus Democracy Act of 2004</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121212043401/http://chrissmith.house.gov/uploadedfiles/pl108347.pdf">Archived</a> 12 December 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. house.gov. 20 October 2004. </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3882843.stm">"Profile: Alexander Lukashenko"</a>. BBC News. 9 January 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071017084807/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3882843.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2007. Retrieved 13 October 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Profile%3A+Alexander+Lukashenko&rft.date=2007-01-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F3882843.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVentura2024" class="citation web cs1">Ventura, Luca (6 May 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gfmag.com/data/economic-data/poorest-country-in-the-world/">"Poorest Countries in the World 2024"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Global_Finance_(magazine)" title="Global Finance (magazine)">Global Finance</a>. 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The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200508122325/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/no-lockdown-here-belaruss-strongman-rejects-coronavirus-risks-he-suggests-saunas-and-vodka/2020/03/27/7aab812c-7025-11ea-a156-0048b62cdb51_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 May 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=No+lockdown+here%3A+Belarus%27s+strongman+rejects+coronavirus+risks.+He+suggests+saunas+and+vodka&rft.date=2020-03-27&rft.aulast=Dixon&rft.aufirst=Robyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fno-lockdown-here-belaruss-strongman-rejects-coronavirus-risks-he-suggests-saunas-and-vodka%2F2020%2F03%2F27%2F7aab812c-7025-11ea-a156-0048b62cdb51_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGrez2020" class="citation web cs1">Grez, Matias (29 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2020/03/29/football/football-continues-belarus-coronavirus-lockdown-spt-intl/index.html">"Football is shut down across Europe due to the coronavirus, but in Belarus it's business as usual"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200330010112/https://edition.cnn.com/2020/03/29/football/football-continues-belarus-coronavirus-lockdown-spt-intl/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 March 2020. Retrieved 30 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Football+is+shut+down+across+Europe+due+to+the+coronavirus%2C+but+in+Belarus+it%27s+business+as+usual&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2020-03-29&rft.aulast=Grez&rft.aufirst=Matias&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2020%2F03%2F29%2Ffootball%2Ffootball-continues-belarus-coronavirus-lockdown-spt-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcLaughlin" class="citation news cs1">McLaughlin, Daniel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/belarusian-leader-prescribes-sport-sauna-and-vodka-to-beat-covid-19-1.4217093">"Belarusian leader prescribes sport, sauna and vodka to beat Covid-19"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Times" title="The Irish Times">The Irish Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221028030241/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/belarusian-leader-prescribes-sport-sauna-and-vodka-to-beat-covid-19-1.4217093">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2022. Retrieved 4 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Belarusian+leader+prescribes+sport%2C+sauna+and+vodka+to+beat+Covid-19&rft.aulast=McLaughlin&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fbelarusian-leader-prescribes-sport-sauna-and-vodka-to-beat-covid-19-1.4217093&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKhurshudyan2020" class="citation news cs1">Khurshudyan, Isabelle (2 May 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/coronavirus-is-spreading-rapidly-in-belarus-but-its-leader-still-denies-theres-a-problem/2020/05/01/a2532ba0-8964-11ea-80df-d24b35a568ae_story.html">"Coronavirus is spreading rapidly in Belarus, but its leader still denies there is a problem"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200508071856/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/coronavirus-is-spreading-rapidly-in-belarus-but-its-leader-still-denies-theres-a-problem/2020/05/01/a2532ba0-8964-11ea-80df-d24b35a568ae_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 May 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Coronavirus+is+spreading+rapidly+in+Belarus%2C+but+its+leader+still+denies+there+is+a+problem&rft.date=2020-05-02&rft.aulast=Khurshudyan&rft.aufirst=Isabelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fcoronavirus-is-spreading-rapidly-in-belarus-but-its-leader-still-denies-theres-a-problem%2F2020%2F05%2F01%2Fa2532ba0-8964-11ea-80df-d24b35a568ae_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHaltiwanger" class="citation web cs1">Haltiwanger, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/europe-last-dictator-belarus-lukashenko-covid-19-vodka-sauna-2020-7">"Europe's last dictator got COVID-19 after telling people they could avoid it by drinking vodka and going to the sauna"</a>. Business Insider. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200728192003/https://www.businessinsider.com/europe-last-dictator-belarus-lukashenko-covid-19-vodka-sauna-2020-7">Archived</a> from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 28 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Europe%27s+last+dictator+got+COVID-19+after+telling+people+they+could+avoid+it+by+drinking+vodka+and+going+to+the+sauna&rft.aulast=Haltiwanger&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Feurope-last-dictator-belarus-lukashenko-covid-19-vodka-sauna-2020-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMontgomery2020" class="citation web cs1">Montgomery, Blake (28 July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/belarus-president-alexander-lukashenko-who-said-vodka-would-cure-the-coronavirus-tests-positive-and-recovers">"Belarus President, Who Said Vodka Would Cure the Coronavirus, Says He Tested Positive and Recovered"</a>. The Daily Beast. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200812102921/https://www.thedailybeast.com/belarus-president-alexander-lukashenko-who-said-vodka-would-cure-the-coronavirus-tests-positive-and-recovers">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2020. 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Retrieved 25 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kyivpost.com&rft.atitle=Lukashenko+outraged+by+Gaddafi%27s+treatment&rft.date=2011-11-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kyivpost.com%2Fcontent%2Frussia-and-former-soviet-union%2Flukashenko-outraged-by-gaddafis-treatment.html%23.T-6i5heODUg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120704095225/http://wireupdate.com/libya-belarusian-president-lukashenko-says-nato-did-worse-than-the-nazis.html">"Libya: Belarusian President Lukashenko says NATO 'did worse than the Nazis'"</a>. 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BBC News. 25 July 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070308055118/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/5209868.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2007. 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Retrieved 11 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=UPI&rft.atitle=Belarus+leader+defends+Hitler+praise&rft.date=1995-11-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FArchives%2F1995%2F11%2F27%2FBelarus-leader-defends-Hitler-praise%2F9348817448400%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><a href="#cite_ref-259">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jamestown.org/program/lukashenko-refuses-to-retract-praise-of-hitler/">"LUKASHENKO REFUSES TO RETRACT PRAISE OF HITLER"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jamestown_Foundation" title="Jamestown Foundation">Jamestown Foundation</a>. 28 November 1995. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210411200514/https://jamestown.org/program/lukashenko-refuses-to-retract-praise-of-hitler/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jamestown+Foundation&rft.atitle=LUKASHENKO+REFUSES+TO+RETRACT+PRAISE+OF+HITLER.&rft.date=1995-11-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjamestown.org%2Fprogram%2Flukashenko-refuses-to-retract-praise-of-hitler%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-260"><a href="#cite_ref-260">^</a> In 1926 there were 21,558 Jews in Babruysk or 42% of the town's population; by 1989, they numbered just over 4% and by 1999 a mere 0.6%. See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jhrgbelarus.org/AboutBelarus_articles.php">Jewish Heritage Research Group in Belarus</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181002103123/http://www.jhrgbelarus.org/AboutBelarus_articles.php">Archived</a> 2 October 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-semite-261"><a href="#cite_ref-semite_261-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSofer2007" class="citation news cs1">Sofer, Ronny (18 October 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3461548,00.html">"Belarus president attacks Jews"</a>. Ynet News. 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Retrieved 4 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=president.az&rft.atitle=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%90.%D0%93.%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC+%22%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80+%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%22+%C2%BB+%D0%9E%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpresident.az%2Fru%2Farticles%2Fview%2F21862&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-322"><a href="#cite_ref-322">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161129145834/https://news.tut.by/economics/521681.html">"Лукашенко награжден орденом Гейдара Алиева"</a>. TUT.BY. 29 November 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.tut.by/economics/521681.html">the original</a> on 29 November 2016. Retrieved 4 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TUT.BY&rft.atitle=%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD+%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.date=2016-11-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.tut.by%2Feconomics%2F521681.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-323"><a href="#cite_ref-323">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.akorda.kz/ru/events/akorda_news/meetings_and_receptions/pervyi-prezident-kazahstana-vstretilsya-s-prezidentom-respubliki-belarus-aleksandrom-lukashenko">Первый Президент Казахстана встретился с Президентом Республики Беларусь Александром Лукашенко</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190529154632/http://www.akorda.kz/ru/events/akorda_news/meetings_and_receptions/pervyi-prezident-kazahstana-vstretilsya-s-prezidentom-respubliki-belarus-aleksandrom-lukashenko">Archived</a> 29 May 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (in Kazakhstani), 28 March 2019. Accessed on 10 October 2019. </li> <li id="cite_note-324"><a href="#cite_ref-324">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inform.kz/en/article/3531535">"Nursultan Nazarbayev presents Order of Yelbasy to Alexander Lukashenko"</a>. inform.kz. 28 May 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220315163450/https://www.inform.kz/en/nursultan-nazarbayev-presents-order-of-yelbasy-to-alexander-lukashenko_a3531535">Archived</a> from the original on 15 March 2022. Retrieved 13 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=inform.kz&rft.atitle=Nursultan+Nazarbayev+presents+Order+of+Yelbasy+to+Alexander+Lukashenko&rft.date=2019-05-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.inform.kz%2Fen%2Farticle%2F3531535&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-325"><a href="#cite_ref-325">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKorobov2005" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Korobov, Pavel (11 May 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.religare.ru/print17451.htm"><bdi lang="ru">Патриарх наградил Александра Лукашенко</bdi></a>. Religare.ru (in Russian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929104947/http://www.religare.ru/print17451.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 13 October 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Religare.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BB+%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE&rft.date=2005-05-11&rft.aulast=Korobov&rft.aufirst=Pavel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.religare.ru%2Fprint17451.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-326"><a href="#cite_ref-326">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maranatha.org.ua/cnews/index.php?id=28365"><bdi lang="ru">Александр Лукашенко награжден орденом Белорусской Православной Церкви</bdi></a> (in Russian). Maranatha. 26 September 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928222749/http://www.maranatha.org.ua/cnews/index.php?id=28365">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 13 October 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80+%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD+%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8&rft.date=2006-09-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.maranatha.org.ua%2Fcnews%2Findex.php%3Fid%3D28365&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-327"><a href="#cite_ref-327">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/253631.html">"Александр Лукашенко награжден орденом Святого Владимира I степени"</a>. Патриархия.ru (in Russian). 5 June 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929094012/http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/253631.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 13 October 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80+%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD+%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0+I+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8&rft.date=2007-06-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.patriarchia.ru%2Fdb%2Ftext%2F253631.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-328"><a href="#cite_ref-328">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.in4s.net/spc-orden-svetog-save-za-aleksandra-lukasenka/">"СПЦ: Орден Светог Саве за Александра Лукашенка"</a> (in Serbian). ИН4С. 12 June 2014. Retrieved 4 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A1%D0%9F%D0%A6%3A+%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD+%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3+%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5+%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft.pub=%D0%98%D0%9D4%D0%A1&rft.date=2014-06-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.in4s.net%2Fspc-orden-svetog-save-za-aleksandra-lukasenka%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-329"><a href="#cite_ref-329">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tass.ru/obschestvo/2059871">"Патриарх Кирилл вручил Лукашенко орден преподобного Серафима Саровского I степени – ТАСС"</a>. <a href="/wiki/TASS" title="TASS">TASS</a>. Retrieved 4 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TASS&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85+%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB+%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB+%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0+%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+I+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8+%E2%80%93+%D0%A2%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%A1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftass.ru%2Fobschestvo%2F2059871&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-330"><a href="#cite_ref-330">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080116065940/http://www.yerevan.am/index.php?page=hon_citizens">"Honorary Citizens of Yerevan"</a> (in Russian). City of Yerevan, Armenia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yerevan.am/index.php?page=hon_citizens&lang=arm">the original</a> on 16 January 2008. Retrieved 13 October 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Honorary+Citizens+of+Yerevan&rft.pub=City+of+Yerevan%2C+Armenia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yerevan.am%2Findex.php%3Fpage%3Dhon_citizens%26lang%3Darm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-331"><a href="#cite_ref-331">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121224232157/http://www.mre.gov.ve/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3444:presidente-chavez-se-reune-con-su-par-bielorruso-lukashenko&catid=142:03-2010-visita-del-presidente-alexandr-lukashenko&Itemid=520">"Presidente Chávez se reúne con su par bielorruso Lukashenko"</a>. Mre.gov.ve. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mre.gov.ve/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3444:presidente-chavez-se-reune-con-su-par-bielorruso-lukashenko&catid=142:03-2010-visita-del-presidente-alexandr-lukashenko&Itemid=520">the original</a> on 24 December 2012. Retrieved 1 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mre.gov.ve&rft.atitle=Presidente+Ch%C3%A1vez+se+re%C3%BAne+con+su+par+bielorruso+Lukashenko&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mre.gov.ve%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D3444%3Apresidente-chavez-se-reune-con-su-par-bielorruso-lukashenko%26catid%3D142%3A03-2010-visita-del-presidente-alexandr-lukashenko%26Itemid%3D520&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-332"><a href="#cite_ref-332">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071110222415/http://www.president.gov.by/press19427.print.html"><bdi lang="ru">В Минске прошло заседание Межгосударственного Совета ЕврАзЭС</bdi></a> (in Russian). President of the Republic of Belarus. 23 June 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.president.gov.by/press19427.print.html">the original</a> on 10 November 2007. Retrieved 13 October 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D0%92+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%BE+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%AD%D0%A1&rft.date=2006-06-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.president.gov.by%2Fpress19427.print.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-333"><a href="#cite_ref-333">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ria.ru/20210607/lukashenko-1736006479.html">"Киевский вуз лишил Лукашенко звания почетного доктора наук"</a>. РИА Новости (in Russian). 7 June 2021. Retrieved 4 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%A0%D0%98%D0%90+%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8&rft.atitle=%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B7+%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BB+%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA&rft.date=2021-06-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fria.ru%2F20210607%2Flukashenko-1736006479.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-334"><a href="#cite_ref-334">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927201608/http://fap.ru/prem_laur.php?lt=believe&id=1864"><bdi lang="ru">Лауреаты Международной премии Андрея Первозванного 'За Веру и Верность'. 1993–2005 годы</bdi></a> (in Russian). Фонд Святого Всехвального апостола Андрея Первозванного. 1995. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fap.ru/prem_laur.php?lt=believe&id=1864">the original</a> on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 13 October 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F+%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%27%D0%97%D0%B0+%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83+%D0%B8+%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%27.+1993%E2%80%932005+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B&rft.date=1995&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffap.ru%2Fprem_laur.php%3Flt%3Dbelieve%26id%3D1864&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Lukashenko" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-335"><a href="#cite_ref-335">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927210004/http://sportpanorama.by/content/advanced/3546/"><bdi lang="ru">Олимпийский приз для Беларуси</bdi></a> (in Russian). Пресс-центр НОКа. 12 June 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sportpanorama.by/content/advanced/3546/">the original</a> on 27 September 2007. 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Embassy of the Republic of Belarus in the Russian Federation. 18 July 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930184947/http://www.embassybel.ru/press/soft/2005/07/18/4334/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 September 2007. 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 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sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Alexander Lukashenko at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:_Alexander_Lukashenko" class="extiw" title="c:Category: Alexander Lukashenko">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Alexander_Lukashenko" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Alexander Lukashenko">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Alexander_Lukashenko" class="extiw" title="q:Alexander Lukashenko">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2866" class="extiw" title="d:Q2866">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.president.gov.by/en/">President's official site</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Myechyslaw_Hryb" title="Myechyslaw Hryb">Myechyslaw Hryb</a></div>as Chairperson of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_of_Belarus" title="Supreme Council of Belarus">Supreme Council of Belarus</a> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Belarus" title="President of Belarus">President of Belarus</a> 1994–present </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Incumbent </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Office established</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Member of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_of_Belarus" title="Supreme Council of Belarus">Supreme Council of Belarus</a> 1991–1994 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Office abolished</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FACEFF;">Diplomatic posts </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Office established</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Chairman of the Supreme State Council of the <a href="/wiki/Union_State" title="Union State">Union State</a> 2000–present </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Incumbent </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Lists_of_political_office-holders_in_Belarus" title="Lists of political office-holders in Belarus">Political office-holders in Belarus</a> since 1918</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Belarus_(1918,_1991%E2%80%931995).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Belarus_%281918%2C_1991%E2%80%931995%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belarus_%281918%2C_1991%E2%80%931995%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Belarus_%281918%2C_1991%E2%80%931995%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belarus_%281918%2C_1991%E2%80%931995%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Belarus_%281918%2C_1991%E2%80%931995%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Belarus_%281918%2C_1991%E2%80%931995%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Belarusian_People&#039;s_Republic_(1918–1919)75" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_People%27s_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Belarusian People's Republic">Belarusian People's Republic (1918–1919)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Sierada" title="Jan Sierada">Sierada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazep_Losik" title="Jazep Losik">Losik</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piotra_Kre%C4%8De%C5%ADski" class="mw-redirect" title="Piotra Krečeŭski">Krečeŭski</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/60px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/120px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Belarus" title="Portal:Belarus">Belarus portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_(1951%E2%80%931991).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281951%E2%80%931991%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281951%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281951%E2%80%931991%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281951%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281951%E2%80%931991%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281951%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em;text-align:left;">First Secretary of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Byelorussia" title="Communist Party of Byelorussia">Communist Party</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic">Byelorussian SSR (1919–1991)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vilhelm_Knorin" title="Vilhelm Knorin">Knorin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Osatkin-Vladimirsky" title="Aleksandr Osatkin-Vladimirsky">Osatkin-Vladimirsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Krinitsky" title="Alexander Krinitsky">Krinitsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Goloded" title="Nikolay Goloded">Goloded</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilhelm_Knorin" title="Vilhelm Knorin">Knorin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan_Gamarnik" title="Yan Gamarnik">Gamarnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Gey" title="Konstantin Gey">Gey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Gikalo" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikolay Gikalo">Gikalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasily_Sharangovich" title="Vasily Sharangovich">Sharangovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakov_Yakovlev" title="Yakov Yakovlev">Yakovlev</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksei_Alekseyevich_Volkov" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleksei Alekseyevich Volkov">Volkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panteleimon_Ponomarenko" title="Panteleimon Ponomarenko">Ponomarenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Gusarov" title="Nikolai Gusarov">Gusarov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Patolichev" title="Nikolai Patolichev">Patolichev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirill_Mazurov" title="Kirill Mazurov">Mazurov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Masherov" title="Pyotr Masherov">Masherov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tikhon_Kiselyov" title="Tikhon Kiselyov">Kiselyov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Slyunkov" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikolay Slyunkov">Slyunkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yefrem_Sokolov" title="Yefrem Sokolov">Sokolov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatoly_Malofeyev" title="Anatoly Malofeyev">Malofeyev</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Belarus_(1918,_1991%E2%80%931995).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Belarus_%281918%2C_1991%E2%80%931995%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belarus_%281918%2C_1991%E2%80%931995%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Belarus_%281918%2C_1991%E2%80%931995%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belarus_%281918%2C_1991%E2%80%931995%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Belarus_%281918%2C_1991%E2%80%931995%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Belarus_%281918%2C_1991%E2%80%931995%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em;text-align:left;">Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Soviet_of_Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Soviet of Belarus">Supreme Council</a> of <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus (1991–1994)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stanislau_Shushkevich" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanislau Shushkevich">Shushkevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Nikolayevich_Kuznetsov" class="mw-redirect" title="Vyacheslav Nikolayevich Kuznetsov">Kuznetsov</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myechyslaw_Hryb" title="Myechyslaw Hryb">Hryb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Belarus_(1918,_1991%E2%80%931995).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Belarus_%281918%2C_1991%E2%80%931995%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belarus_%281918%2C_1991%E2%80%931995%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Belarus_%281918%2C_1991%E2%80%931995%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belarus_%281918%2C_1991%E2%80%931995%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Belarus_%281918%2C_1991%E2%80%931995%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Belarus_%281918%2C_1991%E2%80%931995%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /></a> / <a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Belarus.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/60px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_Belarus" title="President of Belarus">President</a> of <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> (since 1994)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lukashenko</a> (since 1994; disputed since 2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sviatlana_Tsikhanouskaya" title="Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya">Tsikhanouskaya</a> (disputed since 2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>* acting † contested</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Current_heads_of_state_of_republics264" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Heads_of_state_of_republics" title="Template:Heads of state of republics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Heads_of_state_of_republics" title="Template talk:Heads of state of republics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Heads_of_state_of_republics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Heads of state of republics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Current_heads_of_state_of_republics264" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_heads_of_state_and_government" title="List of current heads of state and government">Current heads of state of republics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Algeria: <a href="/wiki/Abdelmadjid_Tebboune" title="Abdelmadjid Tebboune">Abdelmadjid Tebboune</a></li> <li>Angola: <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Louren%C3%A7o" title="João Lourenço">João Lourenço</a></li> <li>Benin: <a href="/wiki/Patrice_Talon" title="Patrice Talon">Patrice Talon</a></li> <li>Botswana: <a href="/wiki/Duma_Boko" title="Duma Boko">Duma Boko</a></li> <li>Burkina Faso: <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Traor%C3%A9" title="Ibrahim Traoré">Ibrahim Traoré</a>*</li> <li>Burundi: <a href="/wiki/%C3%89variste_Ndayishimiye" title="Évariste Ndayishimiye">Évariste Ndayishimiye</a></li> <li>Cameroon: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Biya" title="Paul Biya">Paul Biya</a></li> <li>Cape Verde: <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Maria_Neves" title="José Maria Neves">José Maria Neves</a></li> <li>Central African Republic: <a href="/wiki/Faustin-Archange_Touad%C3%A9ra" title="Faustin-Archange Touadéra">Faustin-Archange Touadéra</a></li> <li>Chad: <a href="/wiki/Mahamat_D%C3%A9by" title="Mahamat Déby">Mahamat Déby</a></li> <li>Comoros: <a href="/wiki/Azali_Assoumani" title="Azali Assoumani">Azali Assoumani</a></li> <li>Democratic Republic of the Congo: <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Tshisekedi" title="Félix Tshisekedi">Félix Tshisekedi</a></li> <li>Republic of the Congo: <a href="/wiki/Denis_Sassou_Nguesso" title="Denis Sassou Nguesso">Denis Sassou Nguesso</a></li> <li>Djibouti: <a href="/wiki/Isma%C3%AFl_Omar_Guelleh" title="Ismaïl Omar Guelleh">Ismaïl Omar Guelleh</a></li> <li>Egypt: <a href="/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi" title="Abdel Fattah el-Sisi">Abdel Fattah el-Sisi</a></li> <li>Equatorial Guinea: <a href="/wiki/Teodoro_Obiang_Nguema_Mbasogo" title="Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo">Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo</a></li> <li>Eritrea: <a href="/wiki/Isaias_Afwerki" title="Isaias Afwerki">Isaias Afwerki</a></li> <li>Ethiopia: <a href="/wiki/Taye_Atske_Selassie" title="Taye Atske Selassie">Taye Atske Selassie</a></li> <li>Gabon: <a href="/wiki/Brice_Oligui_Nguema" title="Brice Oligui Nguema">Brice Oligui Nguema</a>*</li> <li>Gambia: <a href="/wiki/Adama_Barrow" title="Adama Barrow">Adama Barrow</a></li> <li>Ghana: <a href="/wiki/John_Mahama" title="John Mahama">John Mahama</a></li> <li>Guinea: <a href="/wiki/Mamady_Doumbouya" title="Mamady Doumbouya">Mamady Doumbouya</a>*</li> <li>Guinea-Bissau: <a href="/wiki/Umaro_Sissoco_Embal%C3%B3" title="Umaro Sissoco Embaló">Umaro Sissoco Embaló</a></li> <li>Ivory Coast: <a href="/wiki/Alassane_Ouattara" title="Alassane Ouattara">Alassane Ouattara</a></li> <li>Kenya: <a href="/wiki/William_Ruto" title="William Ruto">William Ruto</a></li> <li>Liberia: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Boakai" title="Joseph Boakai">Joseph Boakai</a></li> <li>Libya: <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_al-Menfi" title="Mohamed al-Menfi">Mohamed al-Menfi</a>*</li> <li>Madagascar: <a href="/wiki/Andry_Rajoelina" title="Andry Rajoelina">Andry Rajoelina</a></li> <li>Malawi: <a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Chakwera" title="Lazarus Chakwera">Lazarus Chakwera</a></li> <li>Mali: <a href="/wiki/Assimi_Go%C3%AFta" title="Assimi Goïta">Assimi Goïta</a>*</li> <li>Mauritania: <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Ould_Ghazouani" title="Mohamed Ould Ghazouani">Mohamed Ould Ghazouani</a></li> <li>Mauritius: <a href="/wiki/Dharam_Gokhool" title="Dharam Gokhool">Dharam Gokhool</a></li> <li>Mozambique: <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Chapo" title="Daniel Chapo">Daniel Chapo</a></li> <li>Namibia: <a href="/wiki/Nangolo_Mbumba" title="Nangolo Mbumba">Nangolo Mbumba</a></li> <li>Niger: <a href="/wiki/Abdourahamane_Tchiani" title="Abdourahamane Tchiani">Abdourahamane Tchiani</a>*</li> <li>Nigeria: <a href="/wiki/Bola_Tinubu" title="Bola Tinubu">Bola Tinubu</a></li> <li>Rwanda: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Kagame" title="Paul Kagame">Paul Kagame</a></li> <li>Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic: <a href="/wiki/Brahim_Ghali" title="Brahim Ghali">Brahim Ghali</a></li> <li>São Tomé and Príncipe: <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Vila_Nova" title="Carlos Vila Nova">Carlos Vila Nova</a></li> <li>Senegal: <a href="/wiki/Bassirou_Diomaye_Faye" title="Bassirou Diomaye Faye">Bassirou Diomaye Faye</a></li> <li>Seychelles: <a href="/wiki/Wavel_Ramkalawan" title="Wavel Ramkalawan">Wavel Ramkalawan</a></li> <li>Sierra Leone: <a href="/wiki/Julius_Maada_Bio" title="Julius Maada Bio">Julius Maada Bio</a></li> <li>Somalia: <a href="/wiki/Hassan_Sheikh_Mohamud" title="Hassan Sheikh Mohamud">Hassan Sheikh Mohamud</a></li> <li>Somaliland: <a href="/wiki/Abdirahman_Mohamed_Abdullahi" title="Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi">Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi</a></li> <li>South Africa: <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa" title="Cyril Ramaphosa">Cyril Ramaphosa</a></li> <li>South Sudan: <a href="/wiki/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit" title="Salva Kiir Mayardit">Salva Kiir Mayardit</a></li> <li>Sudan: <a href="/wiki/Transitional_Sovereignty_Council" title="Transitional Sovereignty Council">Transitional Sovereignty Council</a>*</li> <li>Tanzania: <a href="/wiki/Samia_Suluhu_Hassan" title="Samia Suluhu Hassan">Samia Suluhu Hassan</a></li> <li>Togo: <a href="/wiki/Faure_Gnassingb%C3%A9" title="Faure Gnassingbé">Faure Gnassingbé</a></li> <li>Tunisia: <a href="/wiki/Kais_Saied" title="Kais Saied">Kais Saied</a></li> <li>Uganda: <a href="/wiki/Yoweri_Museveni" title="Yoweri Museveni">Yoweri Museveni</a></li> <li>Zambia: <a href="/wiki/Hakainde_Hichilema" title="Hakainde Hichilema">Hakainde Hichilema</a></li> <li>Zimbabwe: <a href="/wiki/Emmerson_Mnangagwa" title="Emmerson Mnangagwa">Emmerson Mnangagwa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Abkhazia: <a href="/wiki/Badra_Gunba" title="Badra Gunba">Badra Gunba</a>*</li> <li>Armenia: <a href="/wiki/Vahagn_Khachaturyan" title="Vahagn Khachaturyan">Vahagn Khachaturyan</a></li> <li>Azerbaijan: <a href="/wiki/Ilham_Aliyev" title="Ilham Aliyev">Ilham Aliyev</a></li> <li>Bangladesh: <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Shahabuddin" title="Mohammed Shahabuddin">Mohammed Shahabuddin</a></li> <li>China: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></li> <li>East Timor: <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ramos-Horta" title="José Ramos-Horta">José Ramos-Horta</a></li> <li>Georgia (country): <a href="/wiki/Salome_Zourabichvili" title="Salome Zourabichvili">Salome Zourabichvili</a></li> <li>India: <a href="/wiki/Droupadi_Murmu" title="Droupadi Murmu">Droupadi Murmu</a></li> <li>Indonesia: <a href="/wiki/Prabowo_Subianto" title="Prabowo Subianto">Prabowo Subianto</a></li> <li>Iran: <a href="/wiki/Ali_Khamenei" title="Ali Khamenei">Ali Khamenei</a></li> <li>Iraq: <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Latif_Rashid" title="Abdul Latif Rashid">Abdul Latif Rashid</a></li> <li>Israel: <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Herzog" title="Isaac Herzog">Isaac Herzog</a></li> <li>Kazakhstan: <a href="/wiki/Kassym-Jomart_Tokayev" title="Kassym-Jomart Tokayev">Kassym-Jomart Tokayev</a></li> <li>Kyrgyzstan: <a href="/wiki/Sadyr_Japarov" title="Sadyr Japarov">Sadyr Japarov</a></li> <li>Laos: <a href="/wiki/Thongloun_Sisoulith" title="Thongloun Sisoulith">Thongloun Sisoulith</a></li> <li>Lebanon: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Aoun" title="Joseph Aoun">Joseph Aoun</a></li> <li>Maldives: <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Muizzu" title="Mohamed Muizzu">Mohamed Muizzu</a></li> <li>Mongolia: <a href="/wiki/Ukhnaagiin_Kh%C3%BCrels%C3%BCkh" title="Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh">Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh</a></li> <li>Myanmar: <a href="/wiki/Min_Aung_Hlaing" title="Min Aung Hlaing">Min Aung Hlaing</a>*</li> <li>Nepal: <a href="/wiki/Ram_Chandra_Poudel" title="Ram Chandra Poudel">Ram Chandra Poudel</a></li> <li>North Korea: <a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong_Un" title="Kim Jong Un">Kim Jong Un</a></li> <li>Pakistan: <a href="/wiki/Asif_Ali_Zardari" title="Asif Ali Zardari">Asif Ali Zardari</a></li> <li>Palestine: <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas" title="Mahmoud Abbas">Mahmoud Abbas</a></li> <li>Philippines: <a href="/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos">Bongbong Marcos</a></li> <li>Singapore: <a href="/wiki/Tharman_Shanmugaratnam" title="Tharman Shanmugaratnam">Tharman Shanmugaratnam</a></li> <li>South Korea: <a href="/wiki/Choi_Sang-mok" title="Choi Sang-mok">Choi Sang-mok</a>*</li> <li>South Ossetia: <a href="/wiki/Alan_Gagloev" title="Alan Gagloev">Alan Gagloev</a></li> <li>Sri Lanka: <a href="/wiki/Anura_Kumara_Dissanayake" title="Anura Kumara Dissanayake">Anura Kumara Dissanayake</a></li> <li>Syria: <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_al-Sharaa" title="Ahmed al-Sharaa">Ahmed al-Sharaa</a></li> <li>Taiwan: <a href="/wiki/Lai_Ching-te" title="Lai Ching-te">Lai Ching-te</a></li> <li>Tajikistan: <a href="/wiki/Emomali_Rahmon" title="Emomali Rahmon">Emomali Rahmon</a></li> <li>Turkmenistan: <a href="/wiki/Serdar_Berdimuhamedow" title="Serdar Berdimuhamedow">Serdar Berdimuhamedow</a></li> <li>Uzbekistan: <a href="/wiki/Shavkat_Mirziyoyev" title="Shavkat Mirziyoyev">Shavkat Mirziyoyev</a></li> <li>Vietnam: <a href="/wiki/L%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_C%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng" title="Lương Cường">Lương Cường</a></li> <li>Yemen: <a href="/wiki/Rashad_al-Alimi" title="Rashad al-Alimi">Rashad al-Alimi</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Albania: <a href="/wiki/Bajram_Begaj" title="Bajram Begaj">Bajram Begaj</a> </li> <li>Austria: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Van_der_Bellen" title="Alexander Van der Bellen">Alexander Van der Bellen</a></li> <li>Belarus: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alexander Lukashenko</a></li> <li>Bosnia and Herzegovina: <a href="/wiki/Denis_Be%C4%87irovi%C4%87" title="Denis Bećirović">Denis Bećirović</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDeljka_Cvijanovi%C4%87" title="Željka Cvijanović">Željka Cvijanović</a>, and <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDeljko_Kom%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Željko Komšić">Željko Komšić</a></li> <li>Bulgaria: <a href="/wiki/Rumen_Radev" title="Rumen Radev">Rumen Radev</a></li> <li>Croatia: <a href="/wiki/Zoran_Milanovi%C4%87" title="Zoran Milanović">Zoran Milanović</a></li> <li>Cyprus: <a href="/wiki/Nikos_Christodoulides" title="Nikos Christodoulides">Nikos Christodoulides</a></li> <li>Czech Republic: <a href="/wiki/Petr_Pavel" title="Petr Pavel">Petr Pavel</a></li> <li>Estonia: <a href="/wiki/Alar_Karis" title="Alar Karis">Alar Karis</a></li> <li>Finland: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Stubb" title="Alexander Stubb">Alexander Stubb</a></li> <li>France: <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a></li> <li>Germany: <a href="/wiki/Frank-Walter_Steinmeier" title="Frank-Walter Steinmeier">Frank-Walter Steinmeier</a></li> <li>Greece: <a href="/wiki/Katerina_Sakellaropoulou" title="Katerina Sakellaropoulou">Katerina Sakellaropoulou</a></li> <li>Hungary: <a href="/wiki/Tam%C3%A1s_Sulyok" title="Tamás Sulyok">Tamás Sulyok</a></li> <li>Iceland: <a href="/wiki/Halla_T%C3%B3masd%C3%B3ttir" title="Halla Tómasdóttir">Halla Tómasdóttir</a></li> <li>Ireland: <a href="/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins">Michael D. Higgins</a></li> <li>Italy: <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Mattarella" title="Sergio Mattarella">Sergio Mattarella</a></li> <li>Kosovo: <a href="/wiki/Vjosa_Osmani" title="Vjosa Osmani">Vjosa Osmani</a></li> <li>Latvia: <a href="/wiki/Edgars_Rink%C4%93vi%C4%8Ds" title="Edgars Rinkēvičs">Edgars Rinkēvičs</a></li> <li>Lithuania: <a href="/wiki/Gitanas_Naus%C4%97da" title="Gitanas Nausėda">Gitanas Nausėda</a></li> <li>Malta: <a href="/wiki/Myriam_Spiteri_Debono" title="Myriam Spiteri Debono">Myriam Spiteri Debono</a></li> <li>Moldova: <a href="/wiki/Maia_Sandu" title="Maia Sandu">Maia Sandu</a></li> <li>Montenegro: <a href="/wiki/Jakov_Milatovi%C4%87" title="Jakov Milatović">Jakov Milatović</a></li> <li>North Macedonia: <a href="/wiki/Gordana_Siljanovska-Davkova" title="Gordana Siljanovska-Davkova">Gordana Siljanovska-Davkova</a></li> <li>Northern Cyprus: <a href="/wiki/Ersin_Tatar" title="Ersin Tatar">Ersin Tatar</a></li> <li>Poland: <a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Duda" title="Andrzej Duda">Andrzej Duda</a></li> <li>Portugal: <a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Rebelo_de_Sousa" title="Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa">Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa</a></li> <li>Romania: <a href="/wiki/Ilie_Bolojan" title="Ilie Bolojan">Ilie Bolojan</a>*</li> <li>Russia: <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li>San Marino: <a href="/wiki/Francesca_Civerchia" title="Francesca Civerchia">Francesca Civerchia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dalibor_Riccardi" title="Dalibor Riccardi">Dalibor Riccardi</a></li> <li>Serbia: <a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Vu%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Aleksandar Vučić">Aleksandar Vučić</a></li> <li>Slovakia: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Pellegrini" title="Peter Pellegrini">Peter Pellegrini</a></li> <li>Slovenia: <a href="/wiki/Nata%C5%A1a_Pirc_Musar" title="Nataša Pirc Musar">Nataša Pirc Musar</a></li> <li>Switzerland: <a href="/wiki/Viola_Amherd" title="Viola Amherd">Viola Amherd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karin_Keller-Sutter" title="Karin Keller-Sutter">Karin Keller-Sutter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guy_Parmelin" title="Guy Parmelin">Guy Parmelin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ignazio_Cassis" title="Ignazio Cassis">Ignazio Cassis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_R%C3%B6sti" title="Albert Rösti">Albert Rösti</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Baume-Schneider" title="Élisabeth Baume-Schneider">Élisabeth Baume-Schneider</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Beat_Jans" title="Beat Jans">Beat Jans</a></li> <li>Transnistria: <a href="/wiki/Vadim_Krasnoselsky" title="Vadim Krasnoselsky">Vadim Krasnoselsky</a></li> <li>Turkey: <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a></li> <li>Ukraine: <a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="Volodymyr Zelenskyy">Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Barbados: <a href="/wiki/Sandra_Mason" title="Sandra Mason">Sandra Mason</a></li> <li>Costa Rica: <a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Chaves_Robles" title="Rodrigo Chaves Robles">Rodrigo Chaves Robles</a></li> <li>Cuba: <a href="/wiki/Miguel_D%C3%ADaz-Canel" title="Miguel Díaz-Canel">Miguel Díaz-Canel</a></li> <li>Dominica: <a href="/wiki/Sylvanie_Burton" title="Sylvanie Burton">Sylvanie Burton</a></li> <li>Dominican Republic: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Abinader" title="Luis Abinader">Luis Abinader</a></li> <li>El Salvador: <a href="/wiki/Nayib_Bukele" title="Nayib Bukele">Nayib Bukele</a></li> <li>Guatemala: <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Ar%C3%A9valo" title="Bernardo Arévalo">Bernardo Arévalo</a></li> <li>Haiti: <a href="/wiki/Transitional_Presidential_Council" title="Transitional Presidential Council">Transitional Presidential Council</a>*</li> <li>Honduras: <a href="/wiki/Xiomara_Castro" title="Xiomara Castro">Xiomara Castro</a></li> <li>Mexico: <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Sheinbaum" title="Claudia Sheinbaum">Claudia Sheinbaum</a></li> <li>Nicaragua: <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega">Daniel Ortega</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rosario_Murillo" title="Rosario Murillo">Rosario Murillo</a></li> <li>Panama: <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ra%C3%BAl_Mulino" title="José Raúl Mulino">José Raúl Mulino</a></li> <li>Trinidad and Tobago: <a href="/wiki/Christine_Kangaloo" title="Christine Kangaloo">Christine Kangaloo</a></li> <li>United States: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Argentina: <a href="/wiki/Javier_Milei" title="Javier Milei">Javier Milei</a></li> <li>Bolivia: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Arce" title="Luis Arce">Luis Arce</a></li> <li>Brazil: <a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva</a></li> <li>Chile: <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Boric" title="Gabriel Boric">Gabriel Boric</a></li> <li>Colombia: <a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Petro" title="Gustavo Petro">Gustavo Petro</a></li> <li>Ecuador: <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Noboa" title="Daniel Noboa">Daniel Noboa</a></li> <li>Guyana: <a href="/wiki/Irfaan_Ali" title="Irfaan Ali">Irfaan Ali</a></li> <li>Paraguay: <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Pe%C3%B1a" title="Santiago Peña">Santiago Peña</a></li> <li>Peru: <a href="/wiki/Dina_Boluarte" title="Dina Boluarte">Dina Boluarte</a></li> <li>Suriname: <a href="/wiki/Chan_Santokhi" title="Chan Santokhi">Chan Santokhi</a></li> <li>Uruguay: <a href="/wiki/Yamand%C3%BA_Orsi" title="Yamandú Orsi">Yamandú Orsi</a></li> <li>Venezuela: <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Nicolás Maduro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Fiji: <a href="/wiki/Naiqama_Lalabalavu" title="Naiqama Lalabalavu">Naiqama Lalabalavu</a></li> <li>Kiribati: <a href="/wiki/Taneti_Maamau" title="Taneti Maamau">Taneti Maamau</a></li> <li>Marshall Islands: <a href="/wiki/Hilda_Heine" title="Hilda Heine">Hilda Heine</a></li> <li>Federated States of Micronesia: <a href="/wiki/Wesley_Simina" title="Wesley Simina">Wesley Simina</a></li> <li>Nauru: <a href="/wiki/David_Adeang" title="David Adeang">David Adeang</a></li> <li>Palau: <a href="/wiki/Surangel_Whipps_Jr." title="Surangel Whipps Jr.">Surangel Whipps Jr.</a></li> <li>Samoa: <a href="/wiki/Tuimaleali%CA%BBifano_Va%CA%BBaleto%CA%BBa_Sualauvi_II" title="Tuimalealiʻifano Vaʻaletoʻa Sualauvi II">Tuimalealiʻifano Vaʻaletoʻa Sualauvi II</a></li> <li>Vanuatu: <a href="/wiki/Nikenike_Vurobaravu" title="Nikenike Vurobaravu">Nikenike Vurobaravu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Asterisk (*) indicate an acting head of state · Italics indicate a head of state of non-UN member state</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leaders_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Independent_States53" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:CIS_leaders" title="Template:CIS leaders"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:CIS_leaders" title="Template talk:CIS leaders"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:CIS_leaders" title="Special:EditPage/Template:CIS leaders"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leaders_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Independent_States53" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Leaders of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States" title="Commonwealth of Independent States">Commonwealth of Independent States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan"><img alt="Azerbaijan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ilham_Aliyev" title="Ilham Aliyev">Aliyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia"><img alt="Armenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nikol_Pashinyan" title="Nikol Pashinyan">Pashinyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/60px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lukashenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan"><img alt="Kazakhstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kassym-Jomart_Tokayev" title="Kassym-Jomart Tokayev">Tokayev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan"><img alt="Kyrgyzstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sadyr_Japarov" title="Sadyr Japarov">Japarov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova"><img alt="Moldova" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/46px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Maia_Sandu" title="Maia Sandu">Sandu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan"><img alt="Tajikistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="280" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Emomali_Rahmon" title="Emomali Rahmon">Rahmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan"><img alt="Turkmenistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Serdar_Berdimuhamedow" title="Serdar Berdimuhamedow">Berdimuhamedow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan"><img alt="Uzbekistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Shavkat_Mirziyoyev" title="Shavkat Mirziyoyev">Mirziyoyev</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Russification_policy_in_the_territories_occupied_or_annexed_by_Russia_in_the_18–21st_centuries296" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Russification" title="Template:Russification"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Russification" title="Template talk:Russification"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Russification" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Russification"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Russification_policy_in_the_territories_occupied_or_annexed_by_Russia_in_the_18–21st_centuries296" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Russification" title="Russification">Russification</a> policy in the territories occupied or annexed by Russia in the 18–21st centuries</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By annexed territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russification#Azerbaijan" title="Russification">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russification_of_Belarus" title="Russification of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russification#Romania_(Bessarabia/Moldova)" title="Russification">Bessarabia/Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russification_of_Finland" title="Russification of Finland">Finland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_Manifesto" title="February Manifesto">February Manifesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Russification_program" title="Great Russification program">Great Russification program</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russification#Latvia" title="Russification">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russification#Lithuania_and_Poland" title="Russification">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russification_of_Poles_during_the_Partitions" title="Russification of Poles during the Partitions">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russification_of_Ukraine" title="Russification of Ukraine">Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/De-Tatarization_of_Crimea" title="De-Tatarization of Crimea">Crimea</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizers of Russification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_I_of_Russia" title="Nicholas I of Russia">Nicholas I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_II_of_Russia" title="Alexander II of Russia">Alexander II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Muravyov-Vilensky" title="Mikhail Muravyov-Vilensky">Mikhail Muravyov-Vilensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Valuyev" title="Pyotr Valuyev">Pyotr Valuyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_III_of_Russia" title="Alexander III of Russia">Alexander III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_II" title="Nicholas II">Nicholas II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Bobrikov" title="Nikolay Bobrikov">Nikolay Bobrikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Brezhnev" title="Leonid Brezhnev">Leonid Brezhnev</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alexander Lukashenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Anti-Russification activists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Konstanty_Kalinowski" title="Konstanty Kalinowski">Kastus Kalinouski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Mechelin" title="Leo Mechelin">Leo Mechelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Pol%C3%B3n" title="Eduard Polón">Eduard Polón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pehr_Evind_Svinhufvud" title="Pehr Evind Svinhufvud">Pehr Evind Svinhufvud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksa_Hirnyk" title="Oleksa Hirnyk">Oleksa Hirnyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasyl_Makukh" title="Vasyl Makukh">Vasyl Makukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Razin" title="Albert Razin">Albert Razin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zianon_Pazniak" title="Zianon Pazniak">Zianon Pazniak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atner_Khuzangai" title="Atner Khuzangai">Atner Khuzangai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romas_Kalanta" title="Romas Kalanta">Romas Kalanta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_orthography_reform_of_1933" title="Belarusian orthography reform of 1933">Belarusian orthography reform of 1933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_abductions_in_the_2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Child abductions in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">Child abductions in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ems_Ukaz" title="Ems Ukaz">Ems Ukaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_press_ban" title="Lithuanian press ban">Lithuanian press ban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russification#Russia" title="Russification">Russification in modern Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surzhyk" title="Surzhyk">Surzhyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trasianka" title="Trasianka">Trasianka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_orthography_of_1933" title="Ukrainian orthography of 1933">Ukrainian orthography of 1933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valuev_Circular" title="Valuev Circular">Valuev Circular</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Russification" title="Category:Russification">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine196" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Template:Russian invasion of Ukraine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Template talk:Russian invasion of Ukraine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Russian invasion of Ukraine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine196" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Part of the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Overview4778" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Overview</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Outline of the Russo-Ukrainian War">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_prelude_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Timeline of the prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Prelude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(24_February_%E2%80%93_7_April_2022)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February – 7 April 2022)">Feb – Apr 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(8_April_%E2%80%93_28_August_2022)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (8 April – 28 August 2022)">Apr – Aug 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(29_August_%E2%80%93_11_November_2022)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (29 August – 11 November 2022)">Aug – Nov 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(12_November_2022_%E2%80%93_7_June_2023)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (12 November 2022 – 7 June 2023)">Nov 2022 – Jun 2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(8_June_2023_%E2%80%93_31_August_2023)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (8 June 2023 – 31 August 2023)">Jun – Aug 2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(1_September_%E2%80%93_30_November_2023)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (1 September – 30 November 2023)">Sep – Nov 2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(1_December_2023_%E2%80%93_31_March_2024)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (1 December 2023 – 31 March 2024)">Dec 2023 – Mar 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(1_April_%E2%80%93_31_July_2024)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (1 April – 31 July 2024)">Apr – Jul 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(1_August_%E2%80%93_31_December_2024)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (1 August – 31 December 2024)">Aug – Dec 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(1_January_2025_%E2%80%93_present)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (1 January 2025 – present)">Jan 2025 – present</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_warfare_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Aerial warfare in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Aerial warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_defense_lines_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian defense lines during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Defense lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_fighters_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Foreign fighters in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Foreign fighters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_information_war_against_Ukraine" title="Russian information war against Ukraine">Information war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Naval warfare in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Naval warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legality_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Legality of the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Legality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Russo-Ukrainian_War_detailed_map" title="Template:Russo-Ukrainian War detailed map">Map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_order_of_battle" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine order of battle">Order of battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_negotiations_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Peace negotiations in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Peace negotiations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Peace_Formula" title="Ukraine's Peace Formula">Ukraine's Peace Formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%27s_Position_on_the_Political_Settlement_of_the_Ukrainian_Crisis" title="China's Position on the Political Settlement of the Ukrainian Crisis">China peace proposal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2024_Ukraine_peace_summit" title="June 2024 Ukraine peace summit">June 2024 peace summit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_no-fly_zone_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Proposed no-fly zone in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Proposed no-fly zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_lines_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Red lines in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Red lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reparations_from_Russia_after_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Reparations from Russia after the Russo-Ukrainian War">Reparations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_control_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Territorial control during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Territorial control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Women in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prelude_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Prelude</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_2021%E2%80%932022_Russo-Ukrainian_crisis" title="Reactions to the 2021–2022 Russo-Ukrainian crisis">Reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disinformation_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Disinformation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_bioweapons_conspiracy_theory" title="Ukraine bioweapons conspiracy theory">Ukraine bioweapons conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Ukraine and weapons of mass destruction">Ukraine and weapons of mass destruction</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summit" title="2021 Russia–United States summit">2021 Russia–United States summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Black_Sea_incident" title="2021 Black Sea incident">2021 Black Sea incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93European_Union_border_crisis" title="Belarus–European Union border crisis">Belarus–European Union border crisis</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/On_the_Historical_Unity_of_Russians_and_Ukrainians" title="On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians">On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimea_Platform" title="Crimea Platform">Crimea Platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapad_2021" title="Zapad 2021">Zapad 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2021_Russian_ultimatum_to_NATO" title="December 2021 Russian ultimatum to NATO">December 2021 ultimatum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Ukraine_cyberattacks" title="2022 Ukraine cyberattacks">2022 Ukraine cyberattacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zametil_2022" title="Zametil 2022">Zametil 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Resolve_2022" title="Union Resolve 2022">Union Resolve 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanytsia_Luhanska_kindergarten_bombing" title="Stanytsia Luhanska kindergarten bombing">Stanytsia Luhanska kindergarten bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British%E2%80%93Polish%E2%80%93Ukrainian_trilateral_pact" title="British–Polish–Ukrainian trilateral pact">British–Polish–Ukrainian trilateral pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_evacuation_of_the_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic_and_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="2022 evacuation of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic">Evacuation of the Donetsk PR and Luhansk PR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_mobilization_in_the_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic_and_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="2022 mobilization in the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic">Mobilization in Donetsk PR and Luhansk PR</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Address_concerning_the_events_in_Ukraine" title="Address concerning the events in Ukraine">Address concerning the events in Ukraine</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/On_conducting_a_special_military_operation" title="On conducting a special military operation">On conducting a special military operation</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Dissolution of the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine" title="2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine">2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Annexation of Crimea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="International reactions to the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">reactions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas" title="War in Donbas">War in Donbas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2022)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2022)">2022 timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minsk_agreements" title="Minsk agreements">Minsk agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_situation_during_the_war_in_Donbas" title="Humanitarian situation during the war in Donbas">humanitarian situation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_the_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic_and_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="International recognition of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic">international recognition of the Donetsk PR and Luhansk PR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putinism" title="Putinism">Putinism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foundations_of_Geopolitics" title="Foundations of Geopolitics">Foundations of Geopolitics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novorossiya" title="Novorossiya">Novorossiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruscism" title="Ruscism">Ruscism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_irredentism" title="Russian irredentism">Russian irredentism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_imperialism" title="Russian imperialism">Russian imperialism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign relations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Russia–Ukraine relations">Russia–Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Belarus–Ukraine relations">Belarus–Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Belarus–Russia relations">Belarus–Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Russia–United States relations">Russia–United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Ukraine–United States relations">Ukraine–United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Russia–NATO relations">Russia–NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Ukraine–NATO relations">Ukraine–NATO</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_NATO" title="Enlargement of NATO">enlargement of NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Controversy_in_Russia_regarding_the_legitimacy_of_eastward_NATO_expansion" class="mw-redirect" title="Controversy in Russia regarding the legitimacy of eastward NATO expansion">eastward expansion controversy in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO_open_door_policy" title="NATO open door policy">open door policy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Military_engagements7617" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_engagements_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="List of military engagements during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Military engagements</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ukraine_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Ukraine campaign">Southern Ukraine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Snake_Island_campaign" title="Snake Island campaign">Snake Island campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mariupol" title="Siege of Mariupol">Siege of Mariupol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kherson" title="Battle of Kherson">Battle of Kherson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Melitopol" title="Capture of Melitopol">Capture of Melitopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mykolaiv" title="Battle of Mykolaiv">Battle of Mykolaiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Enerhodar" title="Battle of Enerhodar">Battle of Enerhodar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Voznesensk" title="Battle of Voznesensk">Battle of Voznesensk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Huliaipole" title="Battle of Huliaipole">Battle of Huliaipole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Davydiv_Brid" title="Battle of Davydiv Brid">Battle of Davydiv Brid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Kherson_counteroffensive" title="2022 Kherson counteroffensive">Kherson counteroffensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Kherson" title="Liberation of Kherson">Liberation of Kherson</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dnieper_campaign_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Dnieper campaign (2022–present)">Dnieper campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_the_Kakhovka_Dam" title="Destruction of the Kakhovka Dam">Destruction of the Kakhovka Dam</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ukraine_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Ukraine campaign">Eastern Ukraine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Volnovakha" title="Battle of Volnovakha">Battle of Volnovakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kharkiv_(2022)" title="Battle of Kharkiv (2022)">Battle of Kharkiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Izium" title="Battle of Izium">Battle of Izium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rubizhne" title="Battle of Rubizhne">Battle of Rubizhne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Popasna" title="Battle of Popasna">Battle of Popasna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marinka_(2022%E2%80%932023)" title="Battle of Marinka (2022–2023)">Battle of Marinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Donbas_(2022)" title="Battle of Donbas (2022)">Battle of Donbas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Siverskyi_Donets" title="Battle of the Siverskyi Donets">Battle of the Siverskyi Donets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sievierodonetsk_(2022)" title="Battle of Sievierodonetsk (2022)">Battle of Sievierodonetsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lysychansk" title="Battle of Lysychansk">Battle of Lysychansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pisky" title="Battle of Pisky">Battle of Pisky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bakhmut" title="Battle of Bakhmut">Battle of Bakhmut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Soledar" title="Battle of Soledar">Battle of Soledar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vuhledar" title="Battle of Vuhledar">Battle of Vuhledar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Kharkiv_counteroffensive" title="2022 Kharkiv counteroffensive">Kharkiv counteroffensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lyman_(September%E2%80%93October_2022)" title="Battle of Lyman (September–October 2022)">Battle of Lyman (September–October 2022)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luhansk_Oblast_campaign" title="Luhansk Oblast campaign">Luhansk Oblast campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Avdiivka_(2023%E2%80%932024)" title="Battle of Avdiivka (2023–2024)">Battle of Avdiivka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chasiv_Yar" title="Battle of Chasiv Yar">Battle of Chasiv Yar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Krasnohorivka" title="Battle of Krasnohorivka">Battle of Krasnohorivka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ocheretyne" title="Battle of Ocheretyne">Battle of Ocheretyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Toretsk" title="Battle of Toretsk">Battle of Toretsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pokrovsk_offensive" title="Pokrovsk offensive">Pokrovsk offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kurakhove" title="Battle of Kurakhove">Battle of Kurakhove</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ukraine_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Ukraine campaign">Northern Ukraine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Antonov_Airport" title="Battle of Antonov Airport">Battle of Antonov Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Chernobyl" title="Capture of Chernobyl">Capture of Chernobyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kyiv_(2022)" title="Battle of Kyiv (2022)">Battle of Kyiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hostomel" title="Battle of Hostomel">Battle of Hostomel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bucha" title="Battle of Bucha">Battle of Bucha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Irpin" title="Battle of Irpin">Battle of Irpin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Makariv" title="Battle of Makariv">Battle of Makariv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Kyiv_convoy" title="Russian Kyiv convoy">Russian Kyiv convoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Moshchun" title="Battle of Moshchun">Battle of Moshchun</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_the_Kozarovychi_Dam" title="Destruction of the Kozarovychi Dam">Destruction of the Kozarovychi Dam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brovary" title="Battle of Brovary">Battle of Brovary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Slavutych" title="Battle of Slavutych">Battle of Slavutych</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sumy" title="Battle of Sumy">Battle of Sumy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Chernihiv" title="Siege of Chernihiv">Siege of Chernihiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Ukraine%E2%80%93Russia_border_skirmishes" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern Ukraine–Russia border skirmishes">Northeastern border skirmishes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Attacks_in_Russia_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Attacks in Russia during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Bryansk_Oblast_raid" title="2023 Bryansk Oblast raid">Bryansk Oblast raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kremlin_drone_attack" title="Kremlin drone attack">Kremlin drone attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30_May_2023_Moscow_drone_strikes" title="30 May 2023 Moscow drone strikes">Moscow drone strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Belgorod_Oblast_incursions" title="2023 Belgorod Oblast incursions">2023 Belgorod Oblast incursions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30_December_2023_Belgorod_shelling" title="30 December 2023 Belgorod shelling">30 December 2023 Belgorod shelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2024_Belgorod_missile_strike" title="February 2024 Belgorod missile strike">February 2024 Belgorod missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2024_Belgorod_missile_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="May 2024 Belgorod missile strike">May 2024 Belgorod missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2024_western_Russia_incursion" title="March 2024 western Russia incursion">March 2024 western Russia incursion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Kursk_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Kursk offensive">2024 Kursk offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_occupation_of_Kursk_Oblast" title="Ukrainian occupation of Kursk Oblast">occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_for_Olgovskiy_Forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Battles for Olgovskiy Forest">Battles for Olgovskiy Forest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toropets_depot_explosions" title="Toropets depot explosions">Toropets depot explosions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Airstrikes by city</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chernihiv_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Chernihiv strikes (2022–present)">Chernihiv strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dnipro_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Dnipro strikes (2022–present)">Dnipro strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivano-Frankivsk_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Ivano-Frankivsk strikes (2022–present)">Ivano-Frankivsk strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Kharkiv strikes (2022–present)">Kharkiv strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kherson_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Kherson strikes (2022–present)">Kherson strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmelnytskyi_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Khmelnytskyi strikes (2022–present)">Khmelnytskyi strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kryvyi_Rih_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Kryvyi Rih strikes (2022–present)">Kryvyi Rih strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Kyiv strikes (2022–present)">Kyiv strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lviv_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Lviv strikes (2022–present)">Lviv strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykolaiv_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Mykolaiv strikes (2022–present)">Mykolaiv strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odesa_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Odesa strikes (2022–present)">Odesa strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivne_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Rivne strikes (2022–present)">Rivne strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinnytsia_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Vinnytsia strikes (2022–present)">Vinnytsia strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaporizhzhia_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Zaporizhzhia strikes (2022–present)">Zaporizhzhia strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhytomyr_attacks_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Zhytomyr attacks (2022–present)">Zhytomyr strikes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Airstrikes on military targets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chuhuiv_air_base_attack" title="Chuhuiv air base attack">Chuhuiv air base attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millerovo_air_base_attack" title="Millerovo air base attack">Millerovo air base attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Saky_air_base_attack" title="2022 Saky air base attack">Chornobaivka (Saky) attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7_March_2022_Mykolaiv_military_barracks_attack" title="7 March 2022 Mykolaiv military barracks attack">7 March 2022 Mykolaiv military barracks attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yavoriv_military_base_attack" title="Yavoriv military base attack">Yavoriv military base attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18_March_2022_Mykolaiv_military_quarters_attack" title="18 March 2022 Mykolaiv military quarters attack">18 March 2022 Mykolaiv military quarters attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Berdiansk_port_attack" title="2022 Berdiansk port attack">Berdiansk port attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_the_Moskva" title="Sinking of the Moskva">Sinking of the Moskva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desna_barracks_airstrike" title="Desna barracks airstrike">Desna barracks airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_attack_on_Nova_Kakhovka" title="2022 attack on Nova Kakhovka">Attack on Nova Kakhovka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimea_attacks_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Crimea attacks (2022–present)">Crimea attacks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Novofedorivka_explosions" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Novofedorivka explosions">Novofedorivka explosions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_drone_attack_on_the_Sevastopol_Naval_Base" title="2022 drone attack on the Sevastopol Naval Base">Drone attack on the Sevastopol Naval Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missile_strike_on_the_Black_Sea_Fleet_headquarters" title="Missile strike on the Black Sea Fleet headquarters">Missile strike on the Black Sea Fleet headquarters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyagilevo_and_Engels_air_bases_attacks" title="Dyagilevo and Engels air bases attacks">Dyagilevo and Engels air bases attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makiivka_military_quarters_shelling" title="Makiivka military quarters shelling">Makiivka military quarters shelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machulishchy_air_base_attack" title="Machulishchy air base attack">Machulishchy air base attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarichne_barracks_airstrike" title="Zarichne barracks airstrike">Zarichne barracks airstrike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Resistance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_resistance_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian resistance during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian-occupied Ukraine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Resistance_of_Ukraine" title="Popular Resistance of Ukraine">Popular Resistance of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berdiansk_Partisan_Army" title="Berdiansk Partisan Army">Berdiansk Partisan Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Ribbon_(movement)" title="Yellow Ribbon (movement)">Yellow Ribbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atesh" title="Atesh">Atesh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_and_Russian_partisan_movement_(2022%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Belarusian and Russian partisan movement (2022–present)">Belarus and Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Vladlen_Tatarsky" title="Assassination of Vladlen Tatarsky">Assassination of Vladlen Tatarsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_Council_(Armed_Forces_of_Ukraine)" title="Civic Council (Armed Forces of Ukraine)">Civic Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irpin_Declaration" title="Irpin Declaration">Irpin Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darya_Dugina#Killing" title="Darya Dugina">Killing of Darya Dugina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Army_(Russia)" title="National Republican Army (Russia)">National Republican Army</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_military_commissariats_attacks" title="Russian military commissariats attacks">Military commissariats arsons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ust-Ilimsk_military_commissariat_shooting" title="Ust-Ilimsk military commissariat shooting">Ust-Ilimsk military commissariat shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Bridge_(Russia)" title="Black Bridge (Russia)">Black Bridge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_war_in_Russia_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Rail war in Russia (2022–present)">Rail war in Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stop_the_Wagons" title="Stop the Wagons">Stop the Wagons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_Organization_of_Anarcho-Communists" title="Combat Organization of Anarcho-Communists">Combat Organization of Anarcho-Communists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_war_in_Belarus_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Rail war in Belarus (2022–present)">Rail war in Belarus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Busly_liacia%C4%87" title="Busly liaciać">Busly liaciać</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BYPOL" title="BYPOL">BYPOL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Railway_Workers_of_Belarus" title="Community of Railway Workers of Belarus">Community of Railway Workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyber_Partisans" title="Cyber Partisans">Cyber Partisans</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russian occupations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flags_used_in_Russian-occupied_Ukraine" title="Flags used in Russian-occupied Ukraine">Flags used in Russian-occupied Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ongoing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_annexation_referendums_in_Russian-occupied_Ukraine" title="2022 annexation referendums in Russian-occupied Ukraine">Annexation referendums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_annexation_of_Donetsk,_Kherson,_Luhansk_and_Zaporizhzhia_oblasts" title="Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts">Annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_elections_in_Russian-occupied_Ukraine" title="2023 elections in Russian-occupied Ukraine">Elections in Russian-occupied Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian-occupied_territories_of_Ukraine" title="Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine">Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Crimea" title="Russian occupation of Crimea">Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" title="Donetsk People's Republic">Donetsk Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Kharkiv_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Kharkiv Oblast">Kharkiv Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Kherson_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Kherson Oblast">Kherson Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="Luhansk People's Republic">Luhansk Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Mykolaiv_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Mykolaiv Oblast">Mykolaiv Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Zaporizhzhia_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Zaporizhzhia Oblast">Zaporizhzhia Oblast</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Previous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Chernihiv_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Chernihiv Oblast">Chernihiv Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Kyiv_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Kyiv Oblast">Kyiv Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snake_Island_campaign" title="Snake Island campaign">Odesa Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Sumy_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Sumy Oblast">Sumy Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Zhytomyr_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Zhytomyr Oblast">Zhytomyr Oblast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Potentially related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Black_Sea_drone_incident" title="2023 Black Sea drone incident">Black Sea drone incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_mystery_fires_(2022%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian mystery fires (2022–present)">Mystery fires in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Nord_Stream_pipeline_sabotage" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Nord Stream pipeline sabotage">Nord Stream pipeline sabotage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Transnistria_attacks" title="2022 Transnistria attacks">Transnistria attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Zagreb_Tu-141_crash" title="2022 Zagreb Tu-141 crash">Zagreb Tu-141 crash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Crimean_Bridge_explosion" title="2022 Crimean Bridge explosion">2022 Crimean Bridge explosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Crimean_Bridge_explosion" title="2023 Crimean Bridge explosion">2023 Crimean Bridge explosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_attempts_on_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="Assassination attempts on Volodymyr Zelenskyy">Assassination attempts on Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chernobyl_Nuclear_Power_Plant_drone_strike" title="Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant drone strike">Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant drone strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prelude_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine#2022_Ukrainian_coup_d'etat_attempt" title="Prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Coup d'état attempt in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridges_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Bridges in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Bridges in the Russo-Ukrainian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_drone" title="Dragon drone">Dragon drone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violations_of_non-combatant_airspaces_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Violations of non-combatant airspaces during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Violations of non-combatant airspaces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_missile_explosion_in_Poland" title="2022 missile explosion in Poland">Missile explosion in Poland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Synytsia" title="Operation Synytsia">Operation Synytsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_and_electronic_warfare" title="Ukraine and electronic warfare">Ukraine and electronic warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_long-range_weapons_by_Ukraine_in_Russia" title="Use of long-range weapons by Ukraine in Russia">Use of long-range weapons by Ukraine in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Ukrainian_counteroffensive" title="2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive">2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Ukrainian_cyberattacks_against_Russia" title="2024 Ukrainian cyberattacks against Russia">2024 Ukrainian cyberattacks against Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group_rebellion" title="Wagner Group rebellion">Wagner Group rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="War_crimes4971" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="War crimes in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">War crimes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accusations_of_genocide_in_Donbas" class="mw-redirect" title="Accusations of genocide in Donbas">Accusations of genocide in Donbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegations_of_genocide_of_Ukrainians_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Allegations of genocide of Ukrainians in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Allegations of genocide of Ukrainians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_abductions_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Child abductions in the Russo-Ukrainian War">child abductions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_strikes_on_hospitals_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian strikes on hospitals during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Attacks on hospitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_cluster_munitions_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Use of cluster munitions in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Cluster munitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_incendiary_weapons_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Use of incendiary weapons in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Incendiary weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landmines_in_Ukraine" title="Landmines in Ukraine">Landmines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_filtration_camps_for_Ukrainians" title="Russian filtration camps for Ukrainians">Russian filtration camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_usage_of_mobile_crematoriums_in_Ukraine" title="Russian usage of mobile crematoriums in Ukraine">Russian mobile crematoriums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_theft_of_Ukrainian_grain" title="2022 Russian theft of Ukrainian grain">Russian theft of Ukrainian grain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_torture_chambers_in_Ukraine" title="Russian torture chambers in Ukraine">Russian torture chambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Looting_by_Russian_forces_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Looting by Russian forces during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Looting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_violence_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Sexual violence in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Sexual violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treatment_of_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Treatment of prisoners of war in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Mistreatment of prisoners of war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_civilians_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Attacks on civilians in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Attacks on civilians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_2022_Kharkiv_cluster_bombing" title="February 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing">February 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_government_building_airstrike" title="Kharkiv government building airstrike">Kharkiv government building airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_March_2022_Chernihiv_bombing" title="3 March 2022 Chernihiv bombing">3 March Chernihiv bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irpin_refugee_column_shelling" title="Irpin refugee column shelling">Irpin refugee column shelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariupol_hospital_airstrike" title="Mariupol hospital airstrike">Mariupol hospital airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stara_Krasnianka_care_house_attack" title="Stara Krasnianka care house attack">Stara Krasnianka care house attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykolaiv_cluster_bombing" title="Mykolaiv cluster bombing">Mykolaiv cluster bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2022_Donetsk_attack" title="March 2022 Donetsk attack">March 2022 Donetsk attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Borodianka" title="Bombing of Borodianka">2022 Borodianka airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16_March_2022_Chernihiv_breadline_attack" title="16 March 2022 Chernihiv breadline attack">Chernihiv breadline attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariupol_theatre_airstrike" title="Mariupol theatre airstrike">Mariupol theatre airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv_shopping_centre_bombing" title="Kyiv shopping centre bombing">Kyiv shopping centre bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumykhimprom_ammonia_leak" title="Sumykhimprom ammonia leak">Sumykhimprom ammonia leak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2022_Kharkiv_cluster_bombing" title="March 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing">March 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykolaiv_government_building_missile_strike" title="Mykolaiv government building missile strike">Mykolaiv government building missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucha_massacre" title="Bucha massacre">Bucha massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kramatorsk_railway_station_attack" title="Kramatorsk railway station attack">Kramatorsk railway station attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2022_Kharkiv_cluster_bombing" title="April 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing">April 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilohorivka_school_bombing" title="Bilohorivka school bombing">Bilohorivka school bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Andrii_Bohomaz" title="Shooting of Andrii Bohomaz">Shooting of Andrii Bohomaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maisky_Market_attack" title="Maisky Market attack">Maisky Market attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kremenchuk_shopping_mall_attack" title="Kremenchuk shopping mall attack">Kremenchuk shopping mall attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhiivka_missile_strike" title="Serhiivka missile strike">Serhiivka missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chasiv_Yar_missile_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="Chasiv Yar missile strike">Chasiv Yar missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olenivka_prison_massacre" title="Olenivka prison massacre">Olenivka prison massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_dormitories_missile_strike" title="Kharkiv dormitories missile strike">Kharkiv dormitories missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaplyne_railway_station_attack" title="Chaplyne railway station attack">Chaplyne railway station attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izium_mass_graves" title="Izium mass graves">Izium mass graves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2022_Donetsk_attack" title="September 2022 Donetsk attack">September 2022 Donetsk attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaporizhzhia_civilian_convoy_attack" title="Zaporizhzhia civilian convoy attack">Zaporizhzhia civilian convoy attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kupiansk_civilian_convoy_shelling" title="Kupiansk civilian convoy shelling">Kupiansk civilian convoy shelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Zaporizhzhia_residential_building_airstrike" title="2022 Zaporizhzhia residential building airstrike">Zaporizhzhia residential building airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_strikes_against_Ukrainian_infrastructure_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Russian strikes against Ukrainian infrastructure (2022–present)">Russian strikes against Ukrainian infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Dnipro_residential_building_airstrike" title="2023 Dnipro residential building airstrike">2023 Dnipro residential building airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2023_Sloviansk_airstrike" title="April 2023 Sloviansk airstrike">Sloviansk airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Uman_missile_strike" title="2023 Uman missile strike">Uman missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Kramatorsk_restaurant_missile_strike" title="2023 Kramatorsk restaurant missile strike">Kramatorsk restaurant missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyman_cluster_bombing" title="Lyman cluster bombing">Lyman cluster bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Pokrovsk_missile_strike" title="2023 Pokrovsk missile strike">2023 Pokrovsk missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2023_Chernihiv_missile_strike" title="August 2023 Chernihiv missile strike">Chernihiv missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2023_Kostiantynivka_missile_strike" title="September 2023 Kostiantynivka missile strike">Kostiantynivka missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hroza_missile_attack" title="Hroza missile attack">Hroza missile attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volnovakha_massacre" title="Volnovakha massacre">Volnovakha massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/29_December_2023_Russian_strikes_on_Ukraine" title="29 December 2023 Russian strikes on Ukraine">December 2023 strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Pokrovsk_missile_strike" title="2024 Pokrovsk missile strike">2024 Pokrovsk missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Donetsk_attack" title="2024 Donetsk attack">2024 Donetsk attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Lysychansk_missile_strike" title="2024 Lysychansk missile strike">Lysychansk missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6_March_2024_Odesa_strike" title="6 March 2024 Odesa strike">6 March 2024 Odesa strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22_March_2024_Russian_strikes_on_Ukraine" title="22 March 2024 Russian strikes on Ukraine">March 2024 strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25_May_2024_Kharkiv_missile_strikes" title="25 May 2024 Kharkiv missile strikes">May 2024 Kharkiv strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv_children%27s_hospital_airstrike" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyiv children's hospital airstrike">8 July 2024 strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Kostiantynivka_supermarket_missile_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Kostiantynivka supermarket missile attack">2024 Kostiantynivka supermarket missile attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/26_August_2024_Russian_strikes_on_Ukraine" title="26 August 2024 Russian strikes on Ukraine">26 August 2024 strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2024_Poltava_strike" title="September 2024 Poltava strike">September 2024 Poltava strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_November_2024_Russian_strikes_on_Ukraine" title="17 November 2024 Russian strikes on Ukraine">November 2024 strikes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Crimes against soldiers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torture_of_Russian_soldiers_in_Mala_Rohan" title="Torture of Russian soldiers in Mala Rohan">Torture of Russian soldiers in Mala Rohan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torture_and_castration_of_a_Ukrainian_POW_in_Pryvillia" title="Torture and castration of a Ukrainian POW in Pryvillia">Torture and castration of a Ukrainian POW in Pryvillia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic_soldiers_by_Kadyrovites" class="mw-redirect" title="Rape of Donetsk People's Republic soldiers by Kadyrovites">Rape of Donetsk People's Republic soldiers by Kadyrovites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Yevgeny_Nuzhin" title="Murder of Yevgeny Nuzhin">Murder of Yevgeny Nuzhin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makiivka_surrender_incident" title="Makiivka surrender incident">Makiivka surrender incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Execution_of_Oleksandr_Matsievskyi" title="Execution of Oleksandr Matsievskyi">Execution of Oleksandr Matsievskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Ukrainian_prisoner_of_war_beheading" title="2022 Ukrainian prisoner of war beheading">2022 Ukrainian prisoner of war beheading</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legal cases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Ukraine" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Ukraine">ICC investigation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_arrest_warrants_for_Russian_figures" class="mw-redirect" title="International Criminal Court arrest warrants for Russian figures">Arrest warrants</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_v._Russian_Federation_(2022)" title="Ukraine v. Russian Federation (2022)">ICJ court case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Task_Force_on_Accountability_for_Crimes_Committed_in_Ukraine" title="Task Force on Accountability for Crimes Committed in Ukraine">Task Force on Accountability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_jurisdiction_investigations_of_war_crimes_in_Ukraine" title="Universal jurisdiction investigations of war crimes in Ukraine">Universal jurisdiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_international_tribunal_for_the_crime_of_aggression_(Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine)" title="Special international tribunal for the crime of aggression (Russian invasion of Ukraine)">Crime of aggression</a></li> <li>Criminal proceedings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Vadim_Shishimarin" title="Trial of Vadim Shishimarin">Vadim Shishimarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Alexander_Bobikin_and_Alexander_Ivanov" title="Trial of Alexander Bobikin and Alexander Ivanov">Alexander Bobikin and Alexander Ivanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Anton_Cherednik" title="Trial of Anton Cherednik">Anton Cherednik</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Reactions16896" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Reactions to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Reactions</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_and_intergovernmental_reactions_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Government and intergovernmental reactions to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">States and official entities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Sanctions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_and_organizations_sanctioned_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of people and organizations sanctioned during the Russo-Ukrainian War">people and organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restrictions_on_transit_to_Kaliningrad_Oblast" title="Restrictions on transit to Kaliningrad Oblast">restrictions on transit to Kaliningrad Oblast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_aid_to_Ukraine_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of military aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Military aid</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Military_Assistance_Mission_in_support_of_Ukraine" title="European Union Military Assistance Mission in support of Ukraine">European Union Military Assistance Mission in support of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Bayraktar" title="People's Bayraktar">People's Bayraktar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signmyrocket.com" title="Signmyrocket.com">Signmyrocket.com</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_humanitarian_aid_to_Ukraine_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of humanitarian aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Humanitarian aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yachts_impacted_by_international_sanctions_following_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Yachts impacted by international sanctions following the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Sanctioned yachts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Russia_since_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Foreign relations of Russia since the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Relations with Russia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ukraine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Ukraine–NATO relations">Application to NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Be_Brave_Like_Ukraine" title="Be Brave Like Ukraine">Be Brave Like Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brave1" title="Brave1">Brave1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bring_Kids_Back_UA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bring Kids Back UA (page does not exist)">Bring Kids Back UA</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bring_Kids_Back_UA" class="extiw" title="uk:Bring Kids Back UA">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Ukraine_%22On_the_Protection_of_the_Constitutional_Order_in_the_Field_of_Activities_of_Religious_Organizations%22" title="Law of Ukraine "On the Protection of the Constitutional Order in the Field of Activities of Religious Organizations""> Ban on Russia-associated religious groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coordination_Headquarters_for_the_Treatment_of_Prisoners_of_War" title="Coordination Headquarters for the Treatment of Prisoners of War">Coordination Headquarters for the Treatment of Prisoners of War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Condemnation_and_Prohibition_of_Propaganda_of_Russian_Imperial_Policy_in_Ukraine_and_the_Decolonization_of_Toponymy" title="On the Condemnation and Prohibition of Propaganda of Russian Imperial Policy in Ukraine and the Decolonization of Toponymy">Decolonization and derussification law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_(situational_awareness_system)" title="Delta (situational awareness system)">Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destroyed_Russian_military_equipment_exhibition" title="Destroyed Russian military equipment exhibition">Destroyed Russian military equipment exhibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_Courage_and_Bravery_(Ukraine)" class="mw-redirect" title="For Courage and Bravery (Ukraine)">For Courage and Bravery (Ukraine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grain_From_Ukraine_program" title="Grain From Ukraine program">Grain From Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headquarters_of_the_Supreme_Commander-in-Chief" title="Headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief">Headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hero_City_of_Ukraine" title="Hero City of Ukraine">Hero City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Want_to_Live_(hotline)" title="I Want to Live (hotline)">I Want to Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Legion_(Ukraine)" title="International Legion (Ukraine)">International Legion</a> and other foreign units <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Volunteer_Corps" title="Belarusian Volunteer Corps">Belarusian Volunteer Corps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terror_Battalion" title="Terror Battalion">Terror Battalion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Maple_Company" title="Black Maple Company">Black Maple Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian-Ukrainian_Brigade" title="Canadian-Ukrainian Brigade">Canadian-Ukrainian Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_Russia_Legion" title="Freedom of Russia Legion">Freedom of Russia Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Volunteer_Corps" title="German Volunteer Corps">German Volunteer Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karelian_National_Battalion" class="mw-redirect" title="Karelian National Battalion">Karelian National Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kastu%C5%9B_Kalino%C5%ADski_Regiment" title="Kastuś Kalinoŭski Regiment">Kastuś Kalinoŭski Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Brigade" title="Norman Brigade">Norman Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahonia_Regiment" title="Pahonia Regiment">Pahonia Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Volunteer_Corps" title="Polish Volunteer Corps">Polish Volunteer Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Battlegroup_Getica" title="Romanian Battlegroup Getica">Romanian Battlegroup Getica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Volunteer_Corps" title="Russian Volunteer Corps">Russian Volunteer Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separate_Special_Purpose_Battalion" title="Separate Special Purpose Battalion">Separate Special Purpose Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibir_Battalion" title="Sibir Battalion">Sibir Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turan_Battalion" title="Turan Battalion">Turan Battalion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Sponsors_of_War" title="International Sponsors of War">International Sponsors of War</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_on_forced_confiscation_of_Russian_property_in_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law on forced confiscation of Russian property in Ukraine (page does not exist)">Forced confiscation law of Russian property</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%A4" class="extiw" title="ru:Украинский закон о принудительном изъятии имущества резидентов РФ">ru</a>; <a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%A4" class="extiw" title="uk:Український закон про примусове вилучення майна резидентів РФ">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Look_for_Your_Own" title="Look for Your Own">Look for Your Own</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lukoil_oil_transit_dispute" title="Lukoil oil transit dispute">Lukoil sanctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_law_in_Ukraine#2022_martial_law" title="Martial law in Ukraine">Martial law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobilization_in_Ukraine#2022" title="Mobilization in Ukraine">Mobilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_Center_Ukraine" title="Media Center Ukraine">Media Center Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Council_for_the_Recovery_of_Ukraine_from_the_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Council for the Recovery of Ukraine from the War (page does not exist)">National Council for the Recovery of Ukraine from the War</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B7_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Національна рада з відновлення України від наслідків війни">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Multi-Subject_Test&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Multi-Subject Test (page does not exist)">National Multi-Subject Test</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" class="extiw" title="uk:Національний мультипредметний тест">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="North Korea–Ukraine relations">North Korea–Ukraine relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Points_of_Invincibility" title="Points of Invincibility">Points of Invincibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_recognition_of_the_Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria" title="Ukrainian recognition of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria">Recognition of Ichkeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rescuer_City" title="Rescuer City">Rescuer City</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Save_Ukrainian_Culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Save Ukrainian Culture (page does not exist)">Save Ukrainian Culture</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%83_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83" class="extiw" title="uk:Збережіть українську культуру">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Syria–Ukraine relations">Syria–Ukraine relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Freedom_Orchestra" title="Ukrainian Freedom Orchestra">Ukrainian Freedom Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United24" title="United24">United24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_News_(telethon)" title="United News (telethon)">United News</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>highways in the annexed territories <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A290_highway_(Russia)" title="A290 highway (Russia)">A290</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tavrida_Highway" title="Tavrida Highway">A291 "Tavrida"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R260_highway_(Russia)" title="R260 highway (Russia)">R260</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R280_highway_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="R280 highway (Russia)">R280 "Novorossiya"</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Moscow_rally" title="2022 Moscow rally">2022 Moscow rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Moscow_rally" title="2023 Moscow rally">2023 Moscow rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade" title="2022 Moscow Victory Day Parade">2022 Moscow Victory Day Parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade" title="2023 Moscow Victory Day Parade">2023 Moscow Victory Day Parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade" title="2024 Moscow Victory Day Parade">2024 Moscow Victory Day Parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Presidential_Address_to_the_Federal_Assembly" title="2023 Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly">2023 Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_blockade_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian blockade of Ukraine (page does not exist)">Blockade of Ukraine</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2" class="extiw" title="ru:Российская блокада украинских портов">ru</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohdan_Khmelnytsky_Battalion" class="mw-redirect" title="Bohdan Khmelnytsky Battalion">Bohdan Khmelnytsky Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Censorship_in_Russia_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Censorship in Russia during the Russian invasion of Ukraine (page does not exist)">Censorship in Russia</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83" class="extiw" title="ru:Цензура в России во время вторжения на Украину">ru</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_involvement_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Chechen involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Chechnya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_volunteers_on_the_side_of_Ukraine" title="Chechen volunteers on the side of Ukraine">Pro-Ukrainian Chechen fighters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conmemorative_Medal_%22Participant_of_a_Special_Military_Operation%22&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conmemorative Medal "Participant of a Special Military Operation" (page does not exist)">Conmemorative Medal "Participant of a Special Military Operation"</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%C2%AB%D0%A3%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8%C2%BB" class="extiw" title="ru:Памятная медаль «Участнику специальной военной операции»">ru</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversations_about_Important_Things" title="Conversations about Important Things">Conversations about Important Things</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krasovsky_case" title="Krasovsky case">Krasovsky case</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legalization_of_parallel_imports_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legalization of parallel imports in Russia (page does not exist)">Legalization of parallel imports</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Легализация параллельного импорта в России">ru</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifesto_of_the_South_Russian_People%27s_Council" title="Manifesto of the South Russian People's Council">Manifesto of the South Russian People's Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_martial_law" title="2022 Russian martial law">Martial law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masha_Moskalyova_case" title="Masha Moskalyova case">Masha Moskalyova case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolis_of_Crimea" title="Metropolis of Crimea">Metropolis of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Simonov_case" title="Mikhail Simonov case">Mikhail Simonov case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_mobilization" title="2022 Russian mobilization">Mobilization</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_irregular_forces_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian irregular forces during the Russian invasion of Ukraine (page does not exist)">Recruitment of irregular forces</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8B,_%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83" class="extiw" title="ru:Нерегулярные вооружённые силы, участвующие во вторжении России на Украину">ru</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doppelganger_(disinformation_campaign)" title="Doppelganger (disinformation campaign)">Operation Doppelgänger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Opinion_polling_in_Russia_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Opinion polling in Russia during the Russian invasion of Ukraine (page does not exist)">Opinion polling</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83" class="extiw" title="ru:Социологические опросы в России во время вторжения на Украину">ru</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Russian_Christmas_truce_proposal" title="2023 Russian Christmas truce proposal">Orthodox Christmas truce proposal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group%E2%80%93Ministry_of_Defense_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Wagner Group–Ministry of Defense conflict">Wagner Group–Ministry of Defense conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appeal_of_the_Clergy_of_the_Russian_Orthodox_Church_for_Reconciliation_and_an_End_to_War" title="Appeal of the Clergy of the Russian Orthodox Church for Reconciliation and an End to War">Russian Orthodox clergymen appeal against war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvation_Committee_for_Peace_and_Order" title="Salvation Committee for Peace and Order">Salvation Committee for Peace and Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Coordinating_Council_for_Security_Enhancement" title="Special Coordinating Council for Security Enhancement">Special Coordinating Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_bioweapons_conspiracy_theory" title="Ukraine bioweapons conspiracy theory">Ukraine bioweapons conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unfriendly_countries_list" title="Unfriendly countries list">Unfriendly countries list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_2022_war_censorship_laws" title="Russian 2022 war censorship laws">War censorship laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Are_Together._Sports" title="We Are Together. Sports">We Are Together. Sports</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What_Russia_Should_Do_with_Ukraine" title="What Russia Should Do with Ukraine">What Russia Should Do with Ukraine</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="United States and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">United States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Joe_Biden_speech_in_Warsaw" title="2022 Joe Biden speech in Warsaw">2022 Joe Biden speech in Warsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2022 State of the Union Address">2022 State of the Union Address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Appropriations_Act,_2022" title="Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022">Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Appropriations_Act,_2023" title="Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023">Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disinformation_Governance_Board" title="Disinformation Governance Board">Disinformation Governance Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_14071" title="Executive Order 14071">Executive Order 14071</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_Pentagon_document_leaks" title="2022–2023 Pentagon document leaks">Pentagon document leaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Task_Force_KleptoCapture" title="Task Force KleptoCapture">Task Force KleptoCapture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_Defense_Contact_Group" title="Ukraine Defense Contact Group">Ukraine Defense Contact Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_Democracy_Defense_Lend-Lease_Act_of_2022" title="Ukraine Democracy Defense Lend-Lease Act of 2022">Ukraine Democracy Defense Lend-Lease Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_Security_Assistance_Initiative" title="Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative">Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_involvement_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Belarusian involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Belarus</a></li> <li>Canada <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Ukraine_authorization_for_emergency_travel" title="Canada–Ukraine authorization for emergency travel">Canada–Ukraine authorization for emergency travel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="China and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axis_of_Upheaval" title="Axis of Upheaval">Closer ties with Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%27s_Position_on_the_Political_Settlement_of_the_Ukrainian_Crisis" title="China's Position on the Political Settlement of the Ukrainian Crisis">Chinese peace plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Hong Kong and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Hong Kong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Influence_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War_on_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Influence of the Russo-Ukrainian War on Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li>Denmark <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Danish_European_Union_opt-out_referendum" title="2022 Danish European Union opt-out referendum">Danish European Union defence opt-out referendum</a></li></ul></li> <li>Federated States of Micronesia <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federated_States_of_Micronesia%E2%80%93Russia_relations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federated States of Micronesia–Russia relations (page does not exist)">Federated States of Micronesia–Russia relations</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="extiw" title="ru:Российско-микронезийские отношения">ru</a>]</li></ul></li> <li>France <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Aigle" title="Mission Aigle">Mission Aigle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Georgia and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Georgia</a></li> <li>Germany <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Taurus_controversy" title="German Taurus controversy">German Taurus controversy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Taurus_leak" title="German Taurus leak">Taurus leak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeitenwende_speech" title="Zeitenwende speech">Zeitenwende speech</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Hungary and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="India and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ganga" title="Operation Ganga">Operation Ganga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Iran and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Iran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axis_of_Upheaval" title="Axis of Upheaval">Closer ties with Russia</a></li></ul></li> <li>Israel <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Israel_Guarantees" title="Operation Israel Guarantees">Operation Israel Guarantees</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Lithuania and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova_and_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Moldova and the Russo-Ukrainian War">Moldova</a></li> <li>New Zealand <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia_Sanctions_Act_2022" title="Russia Sanctions Act 2022">Russia Sanctions Act</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="North Korea and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">North Korea</a></li> <li>Poland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poland%E2%80%93Ukraine_border_crisis" title="Poland–Ukraine border crisis">border crisis with Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syria and the Russian invasion of Ukraine (page does not exist)">Syria</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83" class="extiw" title="ru:Сирия и вторжение России на Украину">ru</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Taiwan and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="United Kingdom and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Crime_(Transparency_and_Enforcement)_Act_2022" title="Economic Crime (Transparency and Enforcement) Act 2022">Economic Crime Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homes_for_Ukraine" title="Homes for Ukraine">Homes for Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Interflex" title="Operation Interflex">Operation Interflex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_London_Summit_on_Ukraine" title="2025 London Summit on Ukraine">2025 London Summit on Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_of_the_willing_(Russo-Ukrainian_War)" title="Coalition of the willing (Russo-Ukrainian War)">Coalition of the willing</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Nations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_emergency_special_session_of_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="Eleventh emergency special session of the United Nations General Assembly">Emergency special session</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/1" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/1">Resolution ES-11/1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/2" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/2">Resolution ES-11/2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/3" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/3">Resolution ES-11/3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/4" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/4">Resolution ES-11/4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/5" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/5">Resolution ES-11/5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/6" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/6">Resolution ES-11/6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/7" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/7">Resolution ES-11/7</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2623" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2623">Security Council Resolution 2623</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_A/RES/77/229" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution A/RES/77/229">Resolution A/RES/77/229</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_truce" title="Easter truce">Easter truce</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Moldova_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Moldova to the European Union">Accession of Moldova to the EU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Ukraine_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Ukraine to the European Union">Accession of Ukraine to the EU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Brussels_summit" title="2022 Brussels summit">Brussels summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Political_Community" title="European Political Community">European Political Community</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_European_Political_Community_Summit" title="1st European Political Community Summit">1st summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_European_Political_Community_Summit" title="2nd European Political Community Summit">2nd summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_European_Political_Community_Summit" title="3rd European Political Community Summit">3rd summit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Madrid_summit" title="2022 Madrid summit">Madrid summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_NATO_virtual_summit" title="2022 NATO virtual summit">NATO virtual summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Oscar" title="Operation Oscar">Operation Oscar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Ramstein_Air_Base_meeting" title="2022 Ramstein Air Base meeting">Ramstein Air Base meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_EU%E2%80%93Ukraine_Summit" title="2023 EU–Ukraine Summit">EU–Ukraine Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/REPowerEU" title="REPowerEU">REPowerEU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steadfast_Defender_2024" title="Steadfast Defender 2024">Steadfast Defender 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SWIFT_ban_against_Russian_banks" title="SWIFT ban against Russian banks">SWIFT ban against Russian banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_Recovery_Conference" title="Ukraine Recovery Conference">Ukraine Recovery Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versailles_declaration" title="Versailles declaration">Versailles declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Vilnius_summit" title="2023 Vilnius summit">2023 Vilnius summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_BRICS_summit" title="15th BRICS summit">15th BRICS summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Washington_summit" title="2024 Washington summit">2024 Washington summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weimar%2B" title="Weimar+">Weimar+</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consecration_of_Russia_to_the_Immaculate_Heart_of_Mary#21st_century" title="Consecration of Russia to the Immaculate Heart of Mary">Consecration of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F-16_training_coalition" title="F-16 training coalition">F-16 training coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Finland–NATO relations">Finland–NATO relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93Russia_border_barrier" title="Finland–Russia border barrier">Finland–Russia border barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_diplomacy" title="Iron diplomacy">Iron diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_Russian_annexation_of_South_Ossetia#2022_proposal" title="Proposed Russian annexation of South Ossetia">Proposed Russian annexation of South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Russia#2022" title="Terrorism in Russia">Recognition of Russia as a terrorist state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monuments_and_memorials_removed_following_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="List of monuments and memorials removed following the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Removal of monuments and memorials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_streets_renamed_due_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="List of streets renamed due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Streets renamed</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_Square,_Oslo" title="Ukraine Square, Oslo">Ukraine Square, Oslo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_serving_heads_of_state_and_government_that_have_visited_Ukraine_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="List of serving heads of state and government that have visited Ukraine during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Serving heads of state and government that have visited Ukraine during the invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Sweden–NATO relations">Sweden–NATO relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Swedish_anti-terrorism_bill" title="2023 Swedish anti-terrorism bill">Swedish anti-terrorism bill</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Non-government_reactions_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Non-government reactions to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Public</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Protests against the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Protests</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>In Ukraine <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_protests_in_Russian-occupied_Ukraine" title="2022 protests in Russian-occupied Ukraine">in Russian-occupied Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demolition_of_monuments_to_Alexander_Pushkin_in_Ukraine" title="Demolition of monuments to Alexander Pushkin in Ukraine">demolition of monuments to Alexander Pushkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ArmWomenNow" title="ArmWomenNow">ArmWomenNow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Artistic_Front" title="Ukrainian Artistic Front">Ukrainian Artistic Front</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-war_protests_in_Russia_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Anti-war protests in Russia (2022–present)">In Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angry_patriots" title="Angry patriots">Angry patriots</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Club_of_Angry_Patriots" title="Club of Angry Patriots">Club of Angry Patriots</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-War_Committee_of_Russia" title="Anti-War Committee of Russia">Anti-War Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspicious_deaths_of_Russian_businesspeople_(2022%E2%80%932024)" class="mw-redirect" title="Suspicious deaths of Russian businesspeople (2022–2024)">Suspicious deaths of Russian businesspeople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_People%27s_Deputies_(Russia,_2022)" title="Congress of People's Deputies (Russia, 2022)">Congress of People's Deputies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Mothers_and_Wives" title="Council of Mothers and Wives">Council of Mothers and Wives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_Anti-War_Resistance" title="Feminist Anti-War Resistance">Feminist Anti-War Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flower_protests" title="Flower protests">Flower protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marina_Ovsyannikova" title="Marina Ovsyannikova">Marina Ovsyannikova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Action_Committee" title="Russian Action Committee">Russian Action Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_North_Caucasian_protests" title="2022 North Caucasian protests">North Caucasian protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_Far_East_protests" title="2022 Russian Far East protests">2022 Russian Far East protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_initiative_for_charging_Vladimir_Putin_of_high_treason" title="Municipal initiative for charging Vladimir Putin of high treason">State Duma initiative for charging Vladimir Putin of high treason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White-blue-white_flag" title="White-blue-white flag">White-blue-white flag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_involvement_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine#Belarusian_opposition_to_the_invasion" title="Belarusian involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">In Belarus</a></li> <li>In China <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Translation_Movement" title="Great Translation Movement">Great Translation Movement</a></li></ul></li> <li>In Czech Republic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic_First!" title="Czech Republic First!">Czech Republic First!</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Corporate_responses_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Corporate responses to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Companies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_address_of_the_Russian_Union_of_Rectors" title="2022 address of the Russian Union of Rectors">Address of the Russian Union of Rectors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boycott_of_Russia_and_Belarus" title="Boycott of Russia and Belarus">Boycott of Russia and Belarus</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Do_not_buy_Russian_goods!" title="Do not buy Russian goods!">Do not buy Russian goods!</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E.N.O.T._Corp." title="E.N.O.T. Corp.">E.N.O.T. Corp.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Mangushev" title="Igor Mangushev">Igor Mangushev</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s_in_Russia" title="McDonald's in Russia">McDonald's in Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vkusno_i_tochka" title="Vkusno i tochka">Vkusno i tochka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NashStore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NashStore (page does not exist)">NashStore</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/NashStore" class="extiw" title="ru:NashStore">ru</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Satellite" title="People's Satellite">People's Satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starlink_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Starlink in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Starlink satellites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Bloody_Energy" title="Stop Bloody Energy">Stop Bloody Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group_activities_in_Ukraine" title="Wagner Group activities in Ukraine">Wagner Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrey_Aleksandrovich_Medvedev" title="Andrey Aleksandrovich Medvedev">Andrey Aleksandrovich Medvedev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Nemes_Tarimo" title="Death of Nemes Tarimo">Death of Nemes Tarimo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yale_CELI_List_of_Companies" title="Yale CELI List of Companies">Yale CELI List of Companies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anonymous_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Anonymous and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Anonymous and the invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alerts.in.ua" title="Alerts.in.ua">alerts.in.ua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_DDoS_attacks_on_Romania" title="2022 DDoS attacks on Romania">DDoS attacks on Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeepStateMap.Live" title="DeepStateMap.Live">DeepStateMap.Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IT_Army_of_Ukraine" title="IT Army of Ukraine">IT Army of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killnet" title="Killnet">Killnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liveuamap" title="Liveuamap">Liveuamap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_intelligence_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Open-source intelligence in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Open-source intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peacenotwar" title="Peacenotwar">peacenotwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Asset_Tracker" title="Russian Asset Tracker">Russian Asset Tracker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Squad303&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Squad303 (page does not exist)">Squad303</a> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squad303" class="extiw" title="pl:Squad303">pl</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_Siren_Alerts" title="Ukraine Siren Alerts">Ukraine Siren Alerts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Wikipedia and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Wikipedia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blocking_of_Wikipedia_in_Russia#2022_threat_to_block" class="mw-redirect" title="Blocking of Wikipedia in Russia">threat to block in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detention_of_Mark_Bernstein" title="Detention of Mark Bernstein">detention of Mark Bernstein</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_expulsions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Diplomatic expulsions during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Diplomatic expulsions during the Russo-Ukrainian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_spies_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russian spies in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Russian spies in the Russo-Ukrainian War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Azovstal_Defenders%27_Families" title="Association of Azovstal Defenders' Families">Association of Azovstal Defenders' Families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Grain_Initiative" title="Black Sea Grain Initiative">Black Sea Grain Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_Russia_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Collaboration with Russia during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Collaboration with Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/We_Are_Together_with_Russia" title="We Are Together with Russia">We Are Together with Russia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_for_Ukraine" title="Concert for Ukraine">Concert for Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Buryatia_Foundation" title="Free Buryatia Foundation">Free Buryatia Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Nations_of_Post-Russia_Forum" title="Free Nations of Post-Russia Forum">Free Nations of Post-Russia Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game4Ukraine" title="Game4Ukraine">Game4Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Get_Lost_(organisation)" title="Get Lost (organisation)">Get Lost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Tour_for_Peace" title="Global Tour for Peace">Global Tour for Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go_by_the_Forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Go by the Forest">Go by the Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guide_to_the_Free_World" title="Guide to the Free World">Guide to the Free World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozart_Group" title="Mozart Group">Mozart Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olena_Zelenska_Foundation" title="Olena Zelenska Foundation">Olena Zelenska Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_open_letter_from_Nobel_laureates_in_support_of_Ukraine" title="2022 open letter from Nobel laureates in support of Ukraine">Open letter from Nobel laureates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Sudoplatov_Battalion" title="Pavel Sudoplatov Battalion">Pavel Sudoplatov Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubikus.HelpUA" title="Rubikus.HelpUA">Rubikus.HelpUA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruslan_Shostak_Charitable_Foundation" title="Ruslan Shostak Charitable Foundation">Ruslan Shostak Charitable Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%27s_War_Crimes_House" title="Russia's War Crimes House">Russia's War Crimes House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Save_Ukraine" title="Save Ukraine">Save Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saving_Ukrainian_Cultural_Heritage_Online" title="Saving Ukrainian Cultural Heritage Online">Saving Ukrainian Cultural Heritage Online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Prytula_Charity_Foundation" title="Serhiy Prytula Charity Foundation">Serhiy Prytula Charity Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Spain_letter_bomb_attacks" title="2022 Spain letter bomb attacks">Spain letter bomb attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yermak-McFaul_Expert_Group_on_Russian_Sanctions" title="Yermak-McFaul Expert Group on Russian Sanctions">Yermak-McFaul Expert Group on Russian Sanctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Filatyev" title="Pavel Filatyev">Pavel Filatyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_Russia" title="True Russia">True Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volos_Declaration" title="Volos Declaration">Volos Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wimbledon_ban_on_Russian_and_Belarusian_players" title="Wimbledon ban on Russian and Belarusian players">Wimbledon ban</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Impact6178" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Impact</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Effects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_losses_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of aircraft losses during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Aircraft losses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War#Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Casualties of the Russo-Ukrainian War">Casualties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_journalists_killed_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of journalists killed during the Russo-Ukrainian War">journalists killed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_generals_killed_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="List of Russian generals killed during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian generals killed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Economic impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Economic impact</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932023_inflation" class="mw-redirect" title="2021–2023 inflation">Inflation surge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Moldovan_energy_crisis" title="2022 Moldovan energy crisis">2022 Moldovan energy crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_protests_(2022%E2%80%932023)" title="Moldovan protests (2022–2023)">protests</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_Moldovan_energy_crisis" title="2025 Moldovan energy crisis">2025 Moldovan energy crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_Russia%E2%80%93European_Union_gas_dispute" title="2022–2023 Russia–European Union gas dispute">Russia–EU gas dispute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Nord_Stream_pipeline_sabotage" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Nord Stream pipeline sabotage">2022 Nord Stream pipeline sabotage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_debt_default" title="2022 Russian debt default">Russian debt default</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_crude_oil_price_cap_sanctions" title="2022 Russian crude oil price cap sanctions">2022 Russian oil price cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_economic_crisis_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="German economic crisis (2022–present)">2022-2024 German economic crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Russian_oil_products_sanctions_and_price_cap" title="2023 Russian oil products sanctions and price cap">2023 Russian oil products sanctions and price cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EU_natural_gas_price_cap" title="EU natural gas price cap">EU natural gas price cap</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Ukraine#During_the_2022_Russian_invasion" title="Education in Ukraine">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whisky_War" title="Whisky War">End of the Whisky War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Environmental impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Environmental impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020s_European_re-armament" class="mw-redirect" title="2020s European re-armament">European re-armament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2022" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2022">Eurovision Song Contest 2022</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2022" title="Russia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2022" title="Ukraine in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022">Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2023" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2023">Eurovision Song Contest 2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_food_crises" class="mw-redirect" title="2022–2023 food crises">Food crises</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theatre_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theatre during the Russian invasion of Ukraine (page does not exist)">Impact on theatre</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Театр часів Російсько-української війни">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_notable_deaths_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="List of notable deaths during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">List of notable deaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lukoil_oil_transit_dispute" title="Lukoil oil transit dispute">Lukoil oil transit dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_on_nuclear_power_plants" title="Impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on nuclear power plants">Nuclear power plants</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zaporizhzhia_Nuclear_Power_Plant_crisis" title="Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant crisis">Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant crisis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_risk_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Nuclear risk during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Nuclear risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Religion and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_emigration_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian emigration during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian emigration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ark_(organisation)" title="Ark (organisation)">The Ark</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ship_losses_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of ship losses during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Ship losses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_cultural_heritage_during_the_2022_Russian_invasion" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian cultural heritage during the 2022 Russian invasion">Ukrainian cultural heritage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_theft_and_looting_by_Russia_during_the_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Art theft and looting by Russia during the invasion of Ukraine">art theft and looting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_damaged_cultural_sites_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="List of damaged cultural sites during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">damaged cultural sites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trauma_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Trauma in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Trauma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Urengoy%E2%80%93Pomary%E2%80%93Uzhhorod_pipeline_explosion" title="2022 Urengoy–Pomary–Uzhhorod pipeline explosion">Urengoy–Pomary–Uzhhorod pipeline explosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_energy_crisis" title="Ukrainian energy crisis">Ukrainian energy crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violations_of_non-combatant_airspaces_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Violations of non-combatant airspaces during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Violations of non-combatant airspaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Women in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Human rights</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_impacts_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Humanitarian impacts of the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Humanitarian impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_refugee_crisis_(2022%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian refugee crisis (2022–present)">Ukrainian refugee crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sobieskiego_100" title="Sobieskiego 100">Sobieskiego 100</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_International_Commission_of_Inquiry_on_Ukraine" title="Independent International Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine">UN Commission of Inquiry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Monitoring_Mission_in_Ukraine" title="United Nations Human Rights Monitoring Mission in Ukraine">UN Human Rights Monitoring Mission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terms and phrases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/And_now_I_will_show_you_where_the_attack_on_Belarus_was_prepared_from" title="And now I will show you where the attack on Belarus was prepared from">And now I will show you where the attack on Belarus was prepared from</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxons_(slur)" title="Anglo-Saxons (slur)">Anglo-Saxons</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bavovna" title="Bavovna">Bavovna</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Grandpa_in_his_bunker" title="Grandpa in his bunker">Grandpa in his bunker</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Good_Evening_(Where_Are_You_From%3F)" title="Good Evening (Where Are You From?)">Good evening, we are from Ukraine</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Orc_(slang)" title="Orc (slang)">Orc</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Putin_khuylo!#Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Putin khuylo!">Putin khuylo!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Khuy_Voyne!#Russo-Ukrainian_war" title="Khuy Voyne!">Khuy Voyne!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/w/index.php?title=Russia_is_here_forever&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russia is here forever (page does not exist)">Russia is here forever</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Росія тут назавжди">uk</a>]"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Russian_warship,_go_fuck_yourself" title="Russian warship, go fuck yourself">Russian warship, go fuck yourself</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Slava_Ukraini#Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Slava Ukraini">Slava Ukraini!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Special_military_operation" title="Special military operation">Special military operation</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/To_bomb_Voronezh" title="To bomb Voronezh">To bomb Voronezh</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Strength_is_in_truth" title="Strength is in truth">Strength is in truth</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Westsplaining" title="Westsplaining">Westsplaining</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Where_have_you_been_for_eight_years%3F" title="Where have you been for eight years?">Where have you been for eight years?</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Without_you_(speech)" title="Without you (speech)">Without you</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Popular culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Songs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/12_(song)" title="12 (song)">12</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bakhmut_Fortress" title="Bakhmut Fortress">Bakhmut Fortress</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bayraktar_(song)" title="Bayraktar (song)">Bayraktar</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bilia_topoli" title="Bilia topoli">Bilia topoli</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/City_of_Mary_(song)" title="City of Mary (song)">City of Mary</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Flowers_of_Minefields" title="Flowers of Minefields">Flowers of Minefields</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Generation_Cancellation" title="Generation Cancellation">Generation Cancellation</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Generation_Z_(song)" title="Generation Z (song)">Generation Z</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I%27m_Russian_(song)" title="I'm Russian (song)">I'm Russian</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Oyda_(song)" title="Oyda (song)">Oyda</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hey,_Hey,_Rise_Up!" title="Hey, Hey, Rise Up!">Hey, Hey, Rise Up!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Mama_%C5%A0%C4%8C!" title="Mama ŠČ!">Mama ŠČ!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Oi_u_luzi_chervona_kalyna" title="Oi u luzi chervona kalyna">Oi u luzi chervona kalyna</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Slava_Ukraini!_(song)" title="Slava Ukraini! (song)">Slava Ukraini!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Stefania_(song)" title="Stefania (song)">Stefania</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Ukraine_(song)" title="Ukraine (song)">Ukraine</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Crushed_(Imagine_Dragons_song)" title="Crushed (Imagine Dragons song)">Crushed</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/20_Days_in_Mariupol" title="20 Days in Mariupol">20 Days in Mariupol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Rising_Fury" title="A Rising Fury">A Rising Fury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Follow_Me_(documentary)" class="mw-redirect" title="Follow Me (documentary)">Follow Me</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercepted_(film)" title="Intercepted (film)">Intercepted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russians_at_War" title="Russians at War">Russians at War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turn_in_the_Wound" title="Turn in the Wound">Turn in the Wound</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukraine_on_Fire_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ukraine on Fire 2 (page does not exist)">Ukraine on Fire 2</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BD%D1%96_2" class="extiw" title="uk:Україна в огні 2">uk</a>]</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babylon%2713" title="Babylon'13">Babylon'13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Cold_War" title="Back to the Cold War">Back to the Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Borodianka_cat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Borodianka cat (page does not exist)">Borodianka cat</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B7_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Кішка з Бородянки">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_of_Kyiv" title="Ghost of Kyiv">Ghost of Kyiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kherson_watermelon" title="Kherson watermelon">Kherson watermelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kr%C3%A1lovec_Region" title="Královec Region">Královec Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madonna_of_Kyiv" title="Madonna of Kyiv">Madonna of Kyiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAFO_(group)" title="NAFO (group)">North Atlantic Fella Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newspeak_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Newspeak in Russia (page does not exist)">Newspeak in Russia</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B7_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Новояз в России">ru</a>; <a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D1%97" class="extiw" title="uk:Новомова в Росії">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patron_(dog)" title="Patron (dog)">Patron</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Putler#After_2014" title="Putler">Putler</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Putinversteher" title="Putinversteher">Putinversteher</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raccoon_of_Kherson" title="Raccoon of Kherson">Raccoon of Kherson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Javelin" title="Saint Javelin">Saint Javelin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Mariuburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint Mariuburg (page does not exist)">Saint Mariuburg</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" class="extiw" title="ru:Санкт-Мариубург">ru</a>; <a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" class="extiw" title="uk:Санкт-Маріубург">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasylkiv_maiolica_rooster" title="Vasylkiv maiolica rooster">Vasylkiv maiolica rooster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin%27s_meeting_table" title="Vladimir Putin's meeting table">Vladimir Putin's meeting table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walk_of_the_Brave" title="Walk of the Brave">Walk of the Brave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z_(military_symbol)" title="Z (military symbol)">"Z" military symbol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Key_people2005" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Key people</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ukrainians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="Volodymyr Zelenskyy">Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speeches_by_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Speeches by Volodymyr Zelenskyy during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">speeches during the invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_visit_by_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy_to_the_United_States" title="2022 visit by Volodymyr Zelenskyy to the United States">visit to the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_visit_by_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy_to_the_United_Kingdom" title="2023 visit by Volodymyr Zelenskyy to the United Kingdom">visit to the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2023_European_visits_by_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="May 2023 European visits by Volodymyr Zelenskyy">visits to Europe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andriy_Biletsky" title="Andriy Biletsky">Andriy Biletsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andriy_Yermak" title="Andriy Yermak">Andriy Yermak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Pushilin" title="Denis Pushilin">Denis Pushilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denys_Shmyhal" title="Denys Shmyhal">Denys Shmyhal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denys_Kireyev" title="Denys Kireyev">Denys Kireyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denys_Monastyrsky" title="Denys Monastyrsky">Denys Monastyrsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denys_Prokopenko" title="Denys Prokopenko">Denys Prokopenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iryna_Venediktova" title="Iryna Venediktova">Iryna Venediktova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrylo_Budanov" title="Kyrylo Budanov">Kyrylo Budanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Pasechnik" title="Leonid Pasechnik">Leonid Pasechnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykhailo_Drapatyi" title="Mykhailo Drapatyi">Mykhailo Drapatyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykola_Oleschuk" class="mw-redirect" title="Mykola Oleschuk">Mykola Oleschuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Pavlyuk" class="mw-redirect" title="Oleksandr Pavlyuk">Oleksandr Pavlyuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Syrskyi" title="Oleksandr Syrskyi">Oleksandr Syrskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksii_Reznikov" title="Oleksii Reznikov">Oleksii Reznikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksiy_Danilov" title="Oleksiy Danilov">Oleksiy Danilov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksiy_Neizhpapa" title="Oleksiy Neizhpapa">Oleksiy Neizhpapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruslan_Khomchak" title="Ruslan Khomchak">Ruslan Khomchak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustem_Umerov" title="Rustem Umerov">Rustem Umerov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergiy_Kyslytsya" title="Sergiy Kyslytsya">Sergiy Kyslytsya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Shaptala" title="Serhiy Shaptala">Serhiy Shaptala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhii_Sternenko" title="Serhii Sternenko">Serhii Sternenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerii_Zaluzhnyi" title="Valerii Zaluzhnyi">Valerii Zaluzhnyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasyl_Malyuk" title="Vasyl Malyuk">Vasyl Malyuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitali_Klitschko" title="Vitali Klitschko">Vitali Klitschko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevhen_Moisiuk" title="Yevhen Moisiuk">Yevhen Moisiuk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Dvornikov" title="Aleksandr Dvornikov">Aleksandr Dvornikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Lapin_(general)" title="Aleksandr Lapin (general)">Aleksandr Lapin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksey_Dyumin" title="Aleksey Dyumin">Aleksey Dyumin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksey_Nagin" title="Aleksey Nagin">Aleksey Nagin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Bortnikov" title="Alexander Bortnikov">Alexander Bortnikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Kolesnikov_(general)" title="Andrei Kolesnikov (general)">Andrei Kolesnikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Sychevoi" title="Andrei Sychevoi">Andrei Sychevoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrey_Belousov" title="Andrey Belousov">Andrey Belousov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrey_Vorobyov" title="Andrey Vorobyov">Andrey Vorobyov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gennady_Zhidko" title="Gennady Zhidko">Gennady Zhidko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Kastyukevich" title="Igor Kastyukevich">Igor Kastyukevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Ivanovich_Popov" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivan Ivanovich Popov">Ivan Popov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Mishustin" title="Mikhail Mishustin">Mikhail Mishustin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Lvova-Belova" title="Maria Lvova-Belova">Maria Lvova-Belova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Patrushev" title="Nikolai Patrushev">Nikolai Patrushev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleg_Salyukov" title="Oleg Salyukov">Oleg Salyukov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleg_Tsokov" title="Oleg Tsokov">Oleg Tsokov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramzan_Kadyrov" title="Ramzan Kadyrov">Ramzan Kadyrov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Berdnikov" title="Roman Berdnikov">Roman Berdnikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustam_Muradov" title="Rustam Muradov">Rustam Muradov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Kobylash" title="Sergey Kobylash">Sergey Kobylash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Lavrov" title="Sergey Lavrov">Sergey Lavrov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Naryshkin" title="Sergey Naryshkin">Sergey Naryshkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Shoigu" title="Sergei Shoigu">Sergei Shoigu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Surovikin" title="Sergey Surovikin">Sergey Surovikin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timur_Ivanov" title="Timur Ivanov">Timur Ivanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valery_Gerasimov" title="Valery Gerasimov">Valery Gerasimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Sokolov_(naval_officer)" title="Viktor Sokolov (naval officer)">Viktor Sokolov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Zolotov" title="Viktor Zolotov">Viktor Zolotov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitaly_Gerasimov" title="Vitaly Gerasimov">Vitaly Gerasimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Gladkov" title="Vyacheslav Gladkov">Vyacheslav Gladkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Volodin" title="Vyacheslav Volodin">Vyacheslav Volodin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Prigozhin" title="Yevgeny Prigozhin">Yevgeny Prigozhin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/20px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alexander Lukashenko</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Related3059" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_North_Korea%E2%80%93Russia_summit" title="2023 North Korea–Russia summit">2023 North Korea–Russia summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Korochansky_Ilyushin_Il-76_crash" title="2024 Korochansky Ilyushin Il-76 crash">2024 Korochansky Ilyushin Il-76 crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_Putin%E2%80%93Trump_call" title="2025 Putin–Trump call">2025 Putin–Trump call</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-drone_mesh" title="Anti-drone mesh">Anti-drone mesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Russian_sentiment" title="Anti-Russian sentiment">Anti-Russian sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Ukrainian_sentiment" title="Anti-Ukrainian sentiment">Anti-Ukrainian sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonov_An-225_Mriya" title="Antonov An-225 Mriya">Antonov An-225 Mriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axis_of_Upheaval" title="Axis of Upheaval">Axis of Upheaval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azovstal_Iron_and_Steel_Works" title="Azovstal Iron and Steel Works">Azovstal Iron and Steel Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Belgorod_accidental_bombing" title="2023 Belgorod accidental bombing">Belgorod accidental bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Brovary_helicopter_crash" title="2023 Brovary helicopter crash">Brovary helicopter crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Bryansk_Oblast_military_aircraft_crashes" title="2023 Bryansk Oblast military aircraft crashes">Bryansk Oblast military aircraft crashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claims_of_Vladimir_Putin%27s_incapacity_and_death" title="Claims of Vladimir Putin's incapacity and death">Claims of Vladimir Putin's incapacity and death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decolonization_in_Ukraine" title="Decolonization in Ukraine">Decolonization in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decommunization_in_Ukraine" title="Decommunization in Ukraine">Decommunization in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derussification_in_Ukraine" title="Derussification in Ukraine">Derussification in Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demolition_of_monuments_to_Alexander_Pushkin_in_Ukraine" title="Demolition of monuments to Alexander Pushkin in Ukraine">Demolition of monuments to Alexander Pushkin in Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_serving_heads_of_state_and_government_that_have_visited_Ukraine_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="List of serving heads of state and government that have visited Ukraine during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Foreign leaders that have visited during the invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_the_Study_of_War" title="Institute for the Study of War">Institute for the Study of War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Irkutsk_military_aircraft_crash" title="2022 Irkutsk military aircraft crash">Irkutsk military aircraft crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Ivanovo_Ilyushin_Il-76_crash" title="2024 Ivanovo Ilyushin Il-76 crash">Ivanovo Ilyushin Il-76 crash</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2023_Kyivstar_cyberattack&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2023 Kyivstar cyberattack (page does not exist)">Kyivstar cyberattack</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%C2%AB%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%C2%BB_(2023)" class="extiw" title="ru:Кибератака на «Киевстар» (2023)">ru</a>; <a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%C2%AB%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%C2%BB_(2023)" class="extiw" title="uk:Кібератака на «Київстар» (2023)">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_R_incident" title="Lady R incident">Lady R incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nord_Stream_2" title="Nord Stream 2">Nord Stream 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_Russian_annexation_of_Transnistria" title="Proposed Russian annexation of Transnistria">Proposed Russian annexation of Transnistria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punisher_(drone)" title="Punisher (drone)">Punisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Russia and weapons of mass destruction">Russian nuclear weapons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RS-28_Sarmat" title="RS-28 Sarmat">Sarmat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_military_presence_in_Transnistria" title="Russian military presence in Transnistria">Russian military presence in Transnistria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_Air_Force_Ilyushin_Il-76_crash" title="2022 Russian Air Force Ilyushin Il-76 crash">Ryazan military aircraft crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Siberian_wildfires" title="2022 Siberian wildfires">Siberian wildfires</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2023_Sinhury_mid-air_collision&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2023 Sinhury mid-air collision (page does not exist)">Sinhury mid-air collision</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Зіткнення над Сінгурами">uk</a>; <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023%E5%B9%B4%E6%97%A5%E6%89%98%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%E5%B7%9EL-39M1%E9%A3%9B%E6%A9%9F%E7%9B%B8%E6%92%9E%E4%BA%8B%E6%95%85" class="extiw" title="zh:2023年日托米爾州L-39M1飛機相撞事故">zh</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soloti_military_training_ground_shooting" title="Soloti military training ground shooting">Soloti military training ground shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_imagery_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Soviet imagery during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Soviet imagery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Center_of_Recruitment_and_Social_Support" title="Territorial Center of Recruitment and Social Support">Territorial Center of Recruitment and Social Support</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtle_tank" title="Turtle tank">Turtle tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U-24_(association)" title="U-24 (association)">U-24 association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian-African_Renaissance" title="Ukrainian-African Renaissance">Ukrainian-African Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_conscription_crisis" title="Ukrainian conscription crisis">Ukrainian conscription crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_Western_long-range_weapons_by_Ukraine_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Use of Western long-range weapons by Ukraine in Russia">Western long-range weapons in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ural_Airlines_Flight_1383" title="Ural Airlines Flight 1383">Ural Airlines Flight 1383</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_Aerospace_Forces_An-26_crash" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian Aerospace Forces An-26 crash">Voronezh military aircraft crash</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Vladimir_Putin_Interview" class="mw-redirect" title="The Vladimir Putin Interview">The Vladimir Putin Interview</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Yeysk_military_aircraft_crash" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Yeysk military aircraft crash">Yeysk military aircraft crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Moldovan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt_allegations" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Moldovan coup d'état attempt allegations">Moldovan coup d'état attempt allegations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_visit_by_Joe_Biden_to_Ukraine" title="2023 visit by Joe Biden to Ukraine">2023 visit by Joe Biden to Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_visit_by_Fumio_Kishida_to_Ukraine" title="2023 visit by Fumio Kishida to Ukraine">2023 visit by Fumio Kishida to Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_visit_by_Xi_Jinping_to_Russia" title="2023 visit by Xi Jinping to Russia">2023 visit by Xi Jinping to Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_visit_by_Yoon_Suk_Yeol_to_Ukraine" title="2023 visit by Yoon Suk Yeol to Ukraine">2023 visit by Yoon Suk Yeol to Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Wagner_Group_plane_crash" title="2023 Wagner Group plane crash">Wagner Group plane crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaroslav_Hunka_scandal" title="Yaroslav Hunka scandal">Yaroslav Hunka scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Airlines_Flight_8243" title="Azerbaijan Airlines Flight 8243">Azerbaijan Airlines Flight 8243</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Category:Russian invasion of Ukraine">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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