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.vn-container{-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;height:3rem;margin:0 auto;max-width:77.5rem;z-index:1}@media(min-width:64rem){.vn-wrapper .vn-container{height:4.6875rem}}.vn-wrapper .vn-container.lite{max-width:100%}@media(min-width:64rem){.vn-wrapper .vn-container.lite{height:3.5rem}}.vn-wrapper .vn-menu-btn{-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;background:none;border:0;color:#fff;cursor:pointer;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;height:100%;line-height:1;padding:0}.vn-wrapper .vn-menu-btn:not(.lite){margin-right:1.166875rem}@media(min-width:64rem){.vn-wrapper .vn-menu-btn:not(.lite){margin-right:0}}.vn-wrapper .vn-menu-btn i{font-size:2.25rem;width:2.25rem;overflow:hidden}.vn-wrapper .vn-menu-btn svg{fill:currentColor;pointer-events:none}.vn-wrapper .vn-menu-btn.vn-search 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.vn-logo-container .vn-logo img:not(.lite){width:7.25rem}}.vn-wrapper .vn-logo-container.with-program .vn-logo img{height:.875rem}@media(min-width:64rem){.vn-wrapper .vn-logo-container.with-program .vn-logo img{height:1.4375rem}}.vn-wrapper .vn-logo-container.with-program .vn-prog-logo img{height:.9375rem}@media(min-width:64rem){.vn-wrapper .vn-logo-container.with-program .vn-prog-logo img{height:1.5625rem}}.vn-wrapper .vn-links{background:#f9f9fc;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;height:calc(100vh - 3rem);left:-140vw;overflow:auto;padding:.5rem;position:fixed;top:3rem;-webkit-transition:left .5s ease;transition:left .5s ease;width:100%;z-index:100}@media(min-width:37.5rem){.vn-wrapper .vn-links{max-width:25rem}}@media(min-width:64rem){.vn-wrapper .vn-links.lite{height:calc(100vh - 3.5rem);top:3.5rem}}@media(min-width:64rem){.vn-wrapper .vn-links:not(.lite){background:none;-webkit-box-orient:horizontal;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;height:100%;left:0;max-width:100%;overflow:visible;padding:0;position:relative;top:0}}.vn-wrapper .vn-links.open{left:0}.vn-wrapper .vn-links.open.vn-slide-out{left:-100vw}@media(min-width:37.5rem){.vn-wrapper .vn-links.open.vn-slide-out{left:0}}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-search-wrapper{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;height:3rem;margin-bottom:.25rem;-webkit-box-ordinal-group:0;-ms-flex-order:-1;order:-1}@media(min-width:64rem){.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-search-wrapper:not(.lite){background:#fff;border:1px solid #c6cedb;border-radius:5px;opacity:0;-webkit-box-ordinal-group:2;-ms-flex-order:1;order:1;position:absolute;right:2.8125rem;top:.8125rem;width:38%;-webkit-transition:all .3s ease;transition:all .3s ease;visibility:hidden}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-search-wrapper:not(.lite).vn-open{visibility:visible;opacity:1}.vn-wrapper 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.vn-menu-section{left:0;opacity:1;visibility:visible}}@media(min-width:81.25rem){.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-links-list:not(.lite)>li:not(:nth-child(7)){margin-right:1rem}}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section{background:#f9f9fc;height:calc(100vh - 3rem);right:-140vw;overflow:auto;padding:0 1.5rem 6.25rem 1.5rem;position:fixed;top:3rem;-webkit-transition:all .5s ease;transition:all .5s ease;width:100%;z-index:10}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section.lite{height:calc(100vh - 3.5rem);top:3.5rem}@media(min-width:37.5rem){.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section{max-width:25rem;left:-140vw;right:auto}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section.open{left:0;right:auto}}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section.open{right:0}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section .vn-menu-section-header{-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;border-bottom:1px solid #c6cedb;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;padding:.75rem 0}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section .vn-menu-section-header h3{color:#1b1b1b;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1;margin:0}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section .vn-menu-section-header a{color:#3557ff;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section .vn-menu-section-header a img{margin-right:.5rem;width:.8125rem}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section ul{margin:.75rem 0;list-style:none;padding:0}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section ul li{font-size:1.125rem;font-weight:400}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section ul li a{color:#1b1b1b;display:block;padding:.75rem 0;text-decoration:none}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section ul li a:hover{color:#3557ff}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section ul li hr{border:1px solid #c6cedb}@media(min-width:64rem){.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section:not(.lite){background:#fff;border-radius:0 0 5px 5px;border-top:0;left:-20px;margin-left:-3.75rem;max-width:none;height:auto;opacity:0;padding:1.875rem 2.875rem;position:absolute;top:4.6875rem;width:18.75rem;visibility:hidden}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section:not(.lite) hr{display:none}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section:not(.lite) ul{margin:0}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section:not(.lite) ul li{border-bottom:1px solid #c6cedb}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section:not(.lite) ul li:last-of-type{border-bottom:0}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section:not(.lite) ul li.vn-see-all a{-webkit-box-align:baseline;-ms-flex-align:baseline;align-items:baseline;color:#3557ff;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:start;-ms-flex-pack:start;justify-content:flex-start}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section:not(.lite) ul li.vn-see-all a img{height:.75rem;margin-right:.5rem}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section:not(.lite).hdr-site-1{width:60.875rem}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section:not(.lite).hdr-site-1 ul{-webkit-columns:4;-moz-columns:4;columns:4;-webkit-column-gap:2.875rem;-moz-column-gap:2.875rem;column-gap:2.875rem}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section:not(.lite).hdr-site-1 ul li:nth-child(7),.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section:not(.lite).hdr-site-1 ul li:nth-child(14),.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section:not(.lite).hdr-site-1 ul li:nth-child(21){border-bottom:0}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section:not(.lite).hdr-site-3{width:35rem}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section:not(.lite).hdr-site-3 ul{-webkit-columns:2;-moz-columns:2;columns:2;-webkit-column-gap:2.875rem;-moz-column-gap:2.875rem;column-gap:2.875rem}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section:not(.lite).hdr-site-3 ul li:nth-child(8),.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section:not(.lite).hdr-site-3 ul li:nth-child(16){border-bottom:0}}@media(min-width:64rem)and (max-width:81.25rem){.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section:not(.lite).hdr-site-1{margin-left:-8.75rem}}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-back{-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;background:none;border:0;color:#3557ff;cursor:pointer;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;padding:1rem 0}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-back i{font-size:.75rem;margin-right:.3125rem}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-actions{margin-top:1rem}@media(min-width:64rem){.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-actions:not(.lite){-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;border-left:1px solid #cccce7;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin:1.1875rem 0;padding-left:1.25rem}}@media(min-width:64rem){.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-actions:not(.lite).no-subscribe{border-left:none}}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-actions:not(.lite).no-subscribe .vn-signin{padding-left:.9375rem}@media(min-width:64rem){.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-actions:not(.lite).no-subscribe .vn-signin{padding-left:0}}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-actions .vn-signin{color:#3557ff;font-weight:600;padding:0 1.5rem;text-decoration:none}@media(min-width:64rem){.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-actions .vn-signin:not(.lite){-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;color:#fff;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;font-size:1.0625rem;padding:0;margin:0 .9375rem;-webkit-transition:all .3s ease;transition:all .3s ease}}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-actions .vn-loggedin{background:none;border:0;color:#3557ff;font-weight:600;height:3rem;padding:0 1.5rem;text-decoration:none}@media(min-width:64rem){.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-actions .vn-loggedin:not(.lite){-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;color:#fff;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;font-size:0;padding:0;margin:0 1.25rem}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-actions .vn-loggedin:not(.lite):before{background:url(//img.lb.wbmdstatic.com/webmd_static_vue/091e9c5e81e52376/client/img/person.59072d56.svg) 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data-v-022c3a2d>Pain Management Guide</span></span><span class="subnav-caret" data-v-022c3a2d><i class="webmd-icon-down-arrow" data-v-022c3a2d></i></span></button><div class="subnav-content" data-v-022c3a2d><ul class="subnav-content" data-metrics-module="hdr-sub" data-v-022c3a2d><li class="subnav-chapter" style="display:none;" data-v-022c3a2d><a class="subnav-chapter-title" href="https://www.webmd.com/pain-management/pain-types-and-classifications" data-metrics-link="1" data-v-022c3a2d>Types of Pain</a></li><li class="subnav-chapter" style="display:none;" data-v-022c3a2d><a class="subnav-chapter-title" href="https://www.webmd.com/pain-management/cause-chronic-pain" data-metrics-link="2" data-v-022c3a2d>Symptoms & Causes</a></li><li class="subnav-chapter" style="display:none;" data-v-022c3a2d><a class="subnav-chapter-title" href="https://www.webmd.com/pain-management/pain-management-diagnosing" data-metrics-link="3" data-v-022c3a2d>Tests & Diagnosis</a></li><li class="subnav-chapter 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href="https://www.webmd.com/pain-management/default.htm" data-v-022c3a2d> View Full Guide </a></li></ul></div></div><NoSsr data-v-022c3a2d></NoSsr></section></div><div class="webmd-row pane" style="" id="ContentPane30" tabindex="-1"><article class="article medref" data-chronicle="091e9c5e81e52377" data-e2e="dart-medref" data-page="1" data-module-type="dynamic-article" data-artid="091e9c5e8001149d" style=""><script type="application/ld+json"></script><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org/","@type":"MedicalWebPage","mainEntityOfPage":"https://www.webmd.com/pain-management/pain-management-treatment-overview","lastReviewed":"06/17/2024 00:00:00","reviewedBy":{"@type":"Person","name":"Jennifer Robinson, MD"},"about":"Chronic Pain","datePublished":"12/31/2006 20:00:00","headline":"Pain Management: Treatment Overview","author":{"@type":"Person","name":""},"dateModified":"06/17/2024 00:00:00","publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"WebMD","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://img.lb.wbmdstatic.com/vim/live/webmd/consumer_assets/site_images/logos/webmd/web/webmd_logo_53x12.gif"}}}</script><div class="inner-article-container"><div class="language-selector"><span>English</span><a href="https://www.webmd.com/es/pain-management/descripcion-general-del-tratamiento-del-dolor" class="related-language" data-metrics-module="lang-es">Español</a></div><header><h1>Pain Management: Treatment Overview</h1></header><div class="med-wrap"><div><div class="asset-med-rev"><div class="reviewer-info" data-chronicle="091e9c5e81e52377" data-e2e="asset-medical-review" data-metrics-module="rvdby-lnk"><span class="reviewer-photo-cont"><figure><img src="https://img.lb.wbmdstatic.com/vim/live/webmd/consumer_assets/site_images/articles/biographies/robinson_jennifer_382x382.jpg?resize=51px:51px&output-quality=75" class="reviewer-photo"></figure></span><span class="reviewer-txt seperatorLine">Medically Reviewed by <a class="person" href="https://www.webmd.com/bio/jennifer-robinson" data-metrics-link="0">Jennifer Robinson, MD</a><span class="no-link"></span><span class="revDate"> on June 17, 2024</span></span></div><div class="byline"><span><span class="authors">Written by <a href="https://www.webmd.com/webmd-editorial-contributors" class="person" data-metrics-module="wrtnbyedit-lnk">WebMD Editorial Contributors</a></span></span></div></div></div></div><aside class="oncology-article-nav" data-metrics-module="cwnav-art"><ul class="nav-items desktop"><li><a href="#091e9c5e8001149d-1-1">What Are the Treatments for Chronic Pain?</a></li><li><a href="#091e9c5e8001149d-1-2">Drug Therapy: Nonprescription and Prescription</a></li><li><a href="#091e9c5e8001149d-2-4">Trigger Point Injections</a></li><li><a href="#091e9c5e8001149d-2-5">Surgical Implants</a><div class="item-button"><a href="#"></a></div></li><li><a href="#091e9c5e8001149d-3-6">TENS</a></li><li><a href="#091e9c5e8001149d-3-7">Bioelectric Therapy</a></li><li><a href="#091e9c5e8001149d-3-8">Physical Therapy</a></li><li><a href="#091e9c5e8001149d-3-9">Exercise</a></li><li><a href="#091e9c5e8001149d-4-10">Psychological Treatment</a></li><li><a href="#091e9c5e8001149d-4-11">Alternative Therapies</a></li><li><a href="#091e9c5e8001149d-4-12">Mind-Body Therapies</a></li><li><a href="#091e9c5e8001149d-5-14">Acupuncture</a></li><li><a href="#091e9c5e8001149d-5-15">Chiropractic Treatment and Massage</a></li><li><a href="#091e9c5e8001149d-5-16">Therapeutic Touch and Reiki Healing</a></li><li><a href="#091e9c5e8001149d-6-17">Nutritional Supplements</a></li><li><a href="#091e9c5e8001149d-6-18">Herbal Remedies</a></li><li><a href="#091e9c5e8001149d-6-19">Dietary Approaches to Treating Pain</a></li><li><a href="#091e9c5e8001149d-6-20">Things to Consider</a></li><li><a href="#091e9c5e8001149d-6-21">Other Options: Pain Clinics</a></li><li class="item-button"></li></ul></aside><div class="reading-wrapper"><div class="readtime"><span>11 min read</span></div><div id="audio-placeholder-091e9c5e8001149d"></div></div><div class="article__body" data-metrics-module="embd-lnk"><div class="article-page active-page" data-page="1"><section><h2 class="jumplink-headers" id="091e9c5e8001149d-1-1">What Are the Treatments for Chronic Pain?</h2><p>The treatments for chronic pain are as diverse as the causes. From over-the-counter and prescription drugs to mind/body techniques to acupuncture, there are a lot of approaches. But when it comes to treating chronic pain, no single technique is guaranteed to produce complete pain relief. Relief may be found by using a combination of treatment options.</p><div id="art-091e9c5e8001149d-em-slideshow-1" class="em-mod-slideshow" ref="art-091e9c5e8001149d-em-slideshow-1"></div></section><section><h2 class="jumplink-headers" id="091e9c5e8001149d-1-2">Drug Therapy: Nonprescription and Prescription</h2><p>Milder forms of pain may be relieved by over-the-counter medications such as Tylenol (acetaminophen) or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen. Both acetaminophen and NSAIDs relieve pain caused by muscle aches and stiffness, and additionally, NSAIDs reduce inflammation (swelling and irritation). Topical pain relievers are also available, such as creams, lotions, or sprays that are applied to the skin in order to relieve pain and inflammation from sore muscles and arthritis.</p><p>If over-the-counter drugs do not provide relief, your doctor may prescribe stronger medications, such as muscle relaxants, anti-anxiety drugs (such as <a class="" href="https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-6306/diazepam-oral/details">diazepam</a> [<a class="" href="https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-11116/valium-oral/details">Valium</a>]), antidepressants (like <a class="" href="https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-91490-404/duloxetine-oral/duloxetine-oral/details">duloxetine</a> [<a class="" href="https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-91491/cymbalta-oral/details">Cymbalta</a>] for musculoskeletal pain), prescription <a href="https://www.webmd.com/arthritis/anti-inflammatory-drugs" id="b4164f5d-109a-49c4-a2b9-83e587de5a35;medical_reference">NSAIDs</a> such as <a class="" href="https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-16849/celebrex-oral/details">celecoxib</a> (Celebrex), or a short course of stronger painkillers (such as codeine, fentanyl [<a class="" href="https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-16877/actiq-buccal/details">Actiq</a>, <a class="" href="https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-14008/duragesic-transdermal/details">Duragesic</a>], <a class="" href="https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-2796/oxycodone-acetaminophen-oral/details">oxycodone and acetaminophen</a> (<a class="" href="https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-7277/percocet-oral/details">Percocet</a>, <a class="" href="https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-16080/roxicet-oral/details">Roxicet</a>, <a class="" href="https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-14993/tylox-oral/details">Tylox</a>) or hydrocodone and <a class="" href="https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-362/acetaminophen-oral/details">acetaminophen</a> (<a class="" href="https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-32701/lorcet-10-650-oral/details">Lorcet</a>, <a class="" href="https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-78569/lortab-elixir-oral/details">Lortab</a>, and <a class="" href="https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-3459/vicodin-oral/details">Vicodin</a>). A limited number of steroid injections at the site of a joint problem can reduce swelling and inflammation. An epidural might be given for spinal stenosis or lower back pain.</p></section><section> <p>In July 2015, the FDA asked that both prescription and over-the-counter NSAIDs strengthen their warning labels to indicate the potential risk of <a href="https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/guide/heart-disease-heart-attacks">heart attacks</a> and strokes. The risk increases with higher doses of the drugs. In addition, there is also the possibility of developing bleeding stomach ulcers.</p><p>Sometimes, a group of nerves that causes pain to a specific organ or body region can be blocked with local medication. The injection of this nerve-numbing substance is called a nerve block. Although many kinds of nerve blocks exist, this treatment cannot always be used. Often blocks are not possible, are too dangerous, or are not the best treatment for the problem. Your doctor can advise you as to whether this treatment is appropriate for you.</p><p>Patient-controlled analgesia (<a href="https://www.webmd.com/pain-management/pca" id="5353c441-dd4c-49ab-b84c-699895b637d1;medical_reference">PCA</a>) is another method of pain control. By pushing a button on a computerized pump, the patient is able to self-administer a premeasured dose of pain medicine infused with opioids. The pump is connected to a small tube that allows medicine to be injected intravenously (into a vein), subcutaneously (just under the skin), or into the spinal area. This is often used in the hospital to treat pain in post-traumatic or post-surgical pain as well as terminal cancer pain..</p></section></div><div class="article-page " data-page="2"><section><h2 class="jumplink-headers" id="091e9c5e8001149d-2-4">Trigger Point Injections</h2><p>Trigger point injection is a procedure used to treat painful areas of muscle that contain trigger points, or knots of muscle that form when muscles do not relax. During this procedure, a healthcare professional, using a small needle, injects a <a href="https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/what-to-know-about-local-anesthesia" id="f9d5b478-76f7-44d7-9e9a-b3b992bbea08;medical_reference">local anesthetic</a> that sometimes includes a steroid into a trigger point (sterile salt water is sometimes injected). With the injection, the trigger point is made inactive and the pain is alleviated. Usually, a brief course of treatment will result in sustained relief.</p><p>Trigger point injection is used to treat muscle pain in the arms, legs, lower back, and neck. In addition, this approach has been used to treat fibromyalgia, tension headaches, and myofascial pain syndrome (chronic pain involving tissue that surrounds muscle) that does not respond to other treatments.</p><p><a class="" href="https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-153463/onabotulinumtoxina-injection/details">Onabotulinumtoxina</a> (Botox) is a toxin that blocks signals from the nerves to the muscles. It can also be injected to alleviate chronic <a href="https://www.webmd.com/migraines-headaches/migraines-headaches-migraines" id="ef7a5131-7915-4a6f-aff3-8b80651147ad;medical_reference">migraine headaches</a>. The procedure involves multiple injections around the head and neck every 12 weeks and may alleviate pain for up to three months.</p></section><section><h2 class="jumplink-headers" id="091e9c5e8001149d-2-5">Surgical Implants</h2><p>When standard medicines and <a href="https://www.webmd.com/pain-management/what-is-physical-therapy" id="a4ce6d95-0515-4a12-a5c9-855c0805f725;medical_reference">physical therapy</a> fail to offer adequate pain relief, you may be a candidate for a surgical implant to help you control pain. When they are used, which is rare, there are two main types of implants to control pain:</p><ul><li><strong>Intrathecal Drug Delivery.</strong> Also called infusion pain pumps or spinal drug delivery systems. The surgeon makes a pocket under the skin that's large enough to hold a medicine pump. The pump is usually about one inch thick and three inches wide. The surgeon also inserts a catheter, which carries pain medicine from the pump to the intrathecal space around the spinal cord. The implants deliver medicines such as morphine or a muscle relaxant directly to the <a href="https://www.webmd.com/brain/spinal-cord-what-to-know" id="3c7e3cc5-0b09-4904-bf51-9fde14bb3f8c;medical_reference">spinal cord</a>, where pain signals travel. For this reason, intrathecal drug delivery can provide significant pain control with a fraction of the dose that would be required with pills. In addition, the system can cause fewer side effects than oral medications because less medicine is required to control pain.</li><li><strong>Spinal Cord Stimulation Implants.</strong> In <a href="https://www.webmd.com/pain-management/spinal-cord-stimulation" id="b22c2af6-fbf5-4c25-96fe-3255d7b729b8;medical_reference">spinal cord stimulation</a>, low-level electrical signals are transmitted to the spinal cord or to specific nerves to block pain signals from reaching the brain. This method being especially used for back and limb pain. In this procedure, a device that delivers the electrical signals is surgically implanted in the body. A remote control is used by the patient to turn the current off and on or to adjust the intensity of the signals. Some devices cause what’s described as a pleasant, tingling sensation while others do not.<br />Two kinds of spinal cord stimulation systems are available. Partial and totally implanted units. The unit that is more commonly used is fully implanted. The latter system's antenna and transmitter are carried outside the body, while the receiver is implanted inside the body</li></ul></section></div><div class="article-page " data-page="3"><section><h2 class="jumplink-headers" id="091e9c5e8001149d-3-6">TENS</h2><p>Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation therapy, more commonly referred to as <a href="https://www.webmd.com/pain-management/tens-for-chronic-pain" id="f15328fb-677c-4f1b-acc3-d5896dfe2599;medical_reference">TENS</a>, uses electrical stimulation to diminish pain. During the procedure, low-voltage electrical current is delivered through electrodes that are placed on the skin near the source of pain. The electricity from the electrodes stimulates the nerves in an affected area and sends signals to the brain that "scramble" normal pain signals. TENS is not painful and may be an effective therapy to mask pain such as diabetic neuropathy. However, TENS for chronic low back pain is not effective and cannot be recommended, says the American Academy of Neurology (AAN).</p></section><section><h2 class="jumplink-headers" id="091e9c5e8001149d-3-7">Bioelectric Therapy</h2><p>Bioelectric therapy relieves pain by blocking pain messages to the brain. Bioelectric therapy also prompts the body to produce chemicals called endorphins (endorphins are also released by exercise) that decrease or eliminate painful sensations by blocking the message of pain from being delivered to the brain.</p><p>Bioelectric therapy can be used to treat many chronic and acute conditions causing pain, such as back pain, muscle pain, headaches and migraines, arthritis, <a href="https://www.webmd.com/oral-health/temporomandibular-disorders-tmd" id="a5b37f1b-192c-44de-8afb-a0475bf2397c;medical_reference">TMJ disorder</a>, diabetic neuropathy, and scleroderma.</p><p>Bioelectric therapy is effective in providing temporary pain control, but it should be used as part of a total pain management program. When used along with conventional pain-relieving medications, bioelectric treatment may allow pain sufferers to reduce their dose of some pain relievers by up to 50%.</p></section><section><h2 class="jumplink-headers" id="091e9c5e8001149d-3-8">Physical Therapy</h2><p>Physical therapy helps to relieve pain by using special techniques that improve movement and function impaired by an injury or disability. Along with employing stretching, strengthening, and pain-relieving techniques, a <a href="https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/what-is-a-physical-therapist" id="a03e17f3-da37-4861-bd8b-636eccbb9b55;medical_reference">physical therapist</a> may use, among other things, TENS to aid treatment.</p></section><section><h2 class="jumplink-headers" id="091e9c5e8001149d-3-9">Exercise</h2><p>Although resting for short periods can alleviate pain, too much rest may actually increase pain and put you at greater risk of injury when you again attempt movement. Research has shown that regular exercise can diminish pain in the long term by improving muscle tone, strength, and flexibility. Exercise may also cause a release of endorphins, the body's natural painkillers. Some exercises are easier for certain chronic pain sufferers to perform than others; try swimming, biking, walking, rowing, and <a href="https://www.webmd.com/balance/the-health-benefits-of-yoga" id="412d399b-78d1-45f3-8fa2-f724bd7fa6b6;medical_reference">yoga</a>.</p></section></div><div class="article-page " data-page="4"><section><h2 class="jumplink-headers" id="091e9c5e8001149d-4-10">Psychological Treatment</h2><p>When you are in pain, you may have feelings of anger, sadness, hopelessness, and/or despair. Pain can alter your personality, disrupt your sleep, and interfere with your work and relationships. In turn, <a href="https://www.webmd.com/depression/detecting-depression" id="76d38bc9-2a3b-4178-8295-69f0956c5b33;medical_reference">depression</a> and anxiety, lack of sleep, and feelings of stress can all make pain worse. Psychological treatment provides safe, nondrug methods that can treat your pain directly by reducing high levels of physiological stress that often aggravate pain. Psychological treatment also helps improve the indirect consequences of pain by helping you learn how to cope with the many problems associated with pain.</p><p>A large part of psychological treatment for pain is education, helping patients acquire skills to manage a very difficult problem.</p></section><section><h2 class="jumplink-headers" id="091e9c5e8001149d-4-11">Alternative Therapies</h2><p>In the past decade, many people have found relief for their pain in mind-body therapies, acupuncture, and some nutritional supplements. Others use <a href="https://www.webmd.com/balance/massage-therapy-styles-and-health-benefits" id="f161b375-e41a-4b9a-abaf-622c0f88caa5;medical_reference">massage</a>, chiropractic and osteopathic (bone) manipulation therapies, therapeutic touch, certain herbal therapies, and dietary approaches to alleviate pain. However, there is little if any scientific evidence supporting these therapies for pain relief.</p></section><section><h2 class="jumplink-headers" id="091e9c5e8001149d-4-12">Mind-Body Therapies</h2><p>Mind-body therapies are treatments that are meant to help the mind's ability to affect the functions and symptoms of the body. Mind-body therapies use various approaches including relaxation techniques, meditation, guided imagery, biofeedback, and hypnosis. Relaxation techniques can help alleviate discomfort related to <a href="https://www.webmd.com/pain-management/understanding-pain-management-chronic-pain" id="829ba856-05ac-4880-8dac-ab542320075c;medical_reference">chronic pain</a>.</p><p>Visualization may be another worthwhile pain-controlling technique. Try the following exercise: Close your eyes and try to call up a visual image of the pain, giving it shape, color, size, motion. Now try slowly altering this image, replacing it with a more harmonious, pleasing -- and smaller -- image.</p><p>Another approach is to keep a diary of your pain episodes and the causative and corrective factors surrounding them. Review your diary regularly to explore avenues of possible change. Strive to view pain as part of life, not all of it.</p></section><section> <p><a href="https://www.webmd.com/brain/emg-and-nerve-conduction-study" id="4ccf2c77-8446-4bbe-b18b-0878c598cf5b;medical_reference">Electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback</a> may alert you to the ways in which muscle tension is contributing to your pain and help you learn to control it. Hypnotherapy and self-hypnosis may help you block or transform pain through refocusing techniques. One self-hypnosis strategy, known as glove anesthesia, involves putting yourself in a trance, placing a hand over the painful area, imagining that the hand is relaxed, heavy, and numb, and envisioning these sensations as replacing other, painful feelings in the affected area.</p><p><a href="https://www.webmd.com/balance/stress-management/stress-management" id="7cbdd79a-292e-4c25-9e08-060d4862da74;medical_reference">Relaxation techniques</a> such as meditation or yoga have been shown to reduce stress-related pain when they are practiced regularly. The gentle stretching of yoga is particularly good for strengthening muscles without putting additional strain on the body.</p></section></div><div class="article-page " data-page="5"><section><h2 class="jumplink-headers" id="091e9c5e8001149d-5-14">Acupuncture</h2><p>Acupuncture is thought to decrease pain by increasing the release of endorphins, chemicals that block pain. Many acu-points are near nerves. When stimulated, these nerves cause a dull ache or feeling of fullness in the muscle. The stimulated muscle sends a message to the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord), causing the release of endorphins that block the message of pain from being delivered to the brain.</p><p>Acupuncture may be useful as an accompanying treatment for many pain-related conditions, including headache, low back pain, menstrual cramps, carpal tunnel syndrome, tennis elbow, <a href="https://www.webmd.com/fibromyalgia/what-is-fibromyalgia" id="ea716d3e-90a6-4a04-ac0b-3da81a7eb348;medical_reference">fibromyalgia</a>, osteoarthritis (especially of the knee), and myofascial pain. Acupuncture also may be an acceptable alternative to or may be included as part of a comprehensive pain management program.</p></section><section><h2 class="jumplink-headers" id="091e9c5e8001149d-5-15">Chiropractic Treatment and Massage</h2><p>Chiropractic treatment is the most common nonsurgical treatment for back pain. Improvements of people undergoing chiropractic manipulations were noted in some trials. However, the treatment's effectiveness in treating chronic back and neck pain has not been supported by compelling evidence from the majority of clinical trials. Further studies are currently assessing the effectiveness of chiropractic care for pain management.</p><p>Osteopathic doctors, those with a "D.O." after their names, are also trained in bone manipulation techniques similar to that of <a href="https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/chiropractor" id="1ade5aa2-4031-43b8-b30c-4d3ecd41db93;medical_reference">chiropractors</a>.</p><p>Massage is being increasingly used by people suffering from pain, mostly to manage chronic back and neck problems. Massage can reduce stress and relieve tension by enhancing blood flow. This treatment also can reduce the presence of substances that may generate and sustain pain. Available data suggest that massage therapy, like chiropractic manipulations, holds considerable promise for managing <a href="https://www.webmd.com/back-pain/home-relief-for-low-back-pain" id="6cd329a8-a371-498b-8d02-12050b0453be;medical_reference">back pain</a>. However, it is not possible to draw final conclusions regarding the effectiveness of massage to treat pain because of the shortcomings of available studies.</p></section><section><h2 class="jumplink-headers" id="091e9c5e8001149d-5-16">Therapeutic Touch and Reiki Healing</h2><p>Therapeutic touch and reiki healing are thought to help activate the self-healing processes of an individual and therefore reduce pain. Although these so-called "energy-based" techniques do not require actual physical contact, they do involve close physical proximity between practitioner and patient.</p><p>In the past few years, several reviews evaluated published studies on the efficacy of these healing approaches to ease pain and <a href="https://www.webmd.com/anxiety-panic/anxiety-symptoms-signs" id="896d39e6-d2d5-410d-b0eb-50998d48278e;medical_reference">anxiety</a> and improve health. Although several studies showed beneficial effects with no significant adverse side effects, the limitations of some of these studies make it difficult to draw definitive conclusions. Further studies are needed before these approaches for pain treatment can be recommended.</p></section></div><div class="article-page " data-page="6"><section><h2 class="jumplink-headers" id="091e9c5e8001149d-6-17">Nutritional Supplements</h2><p>Dietary supplements, such as fish oils and SAMe, also show some evidence of benefit, although more research is needed.</p></section><section><h2 class="jumplink-headers" id="091e9c5e8001149d-6-18">Herbal Remedies</h2><p>It has been difficult to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of herbs, though there are a few, such as white willow bark, devil’s claw, cat’s claw, <a href="https://www.webmd.com/vitamins-and-supplements/ginger-uses-and-risks" id="0e670b87-6dca-4c20-8151-2f0164fa7447;medical_reference">ginger</a>, and turmeric, that have some evidence supporting their use. If you decide to use herbal preparations to better manage your pain, tell your doctor: Some herbs may interact with drugs you are receiving for pain or other conditions and may harm your health.</p></section><section><h2 class="jumplink-headers" id="091e9c5e8001149d-6-19">Dietary Approaches to Treating Pain</h2><p>Some people believe that changing dietary fat intake and/or eating plant foods that contain anti-inflammatory agents can help ease pain by limiting inflammation.</p><p>A mostly raw vegetarian diet was found helpful for some people with fibromyalgia, but this study was not methodologically strong. One study of women with premenstrual symptoms suggested that a low-fat vegetarian diet was associated with decreased pain intensity and duration. Weight loss achieved by a combination of dietary changes and increased physical activity has been shown to be helpful for people suffering from <a href="https://www.webmd.com/osteoarthritis/osteoarthritis-basics" id="5f9dfece-e9f9-47fe-9103-fad0c1c9f7a2;medical_reference">osteoarthritis</a>.</p><p>Still, further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of dietary modifications as a pain treatment.</p></section><section><h2 class="jumplink-headers" id="091e9c5e8001149d-6-20">Things to Consider</h2><p>Alternative therapies are not always benign. As mentioned, some herbal therapies can interact with other medications you may be taking. Always talk to your doctor before trying an alternative approach and be sure to tell all your doctors what <a href="https://www.webmd.com/pain-management/pain-management-alternative-therapy" id="5949609a-9406-4473-81d8-0973949141e9;medical_reference">alternative treatments</a> you are using.</p></section><section><h2 class="jumplink-headers" id="091e9c5e8001149d-6-21">Other Options: Pain Clinics</h2><p>Many people suffering from chronic pain are able to gain some measure of control over it by trying many of the above treatments on their own. But for some, no matter what treatment approach they try, they still suffer from debilitating pain. For them, pain clinics -- special care centers devoted exclusively to dealing with intractable pain -- may be the answer. Some pain clinics are associated with hospitals and others are private; in either case, both inpatient and outpatient treatment are usually available.</p></section><section> <p>Pain clinics generally employ a multidisciplinary approach, involving physicians, <a href="https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/what-is-psychologist" id="cd8cad1a-05ad-4b6e-9b26-d2998b4a62f8;medical_reference">psychologists</a>, and physical therapists. The patient as well should take an active role in their own treatment. The aim in many cases is not only to alleviate pain but also to teach the chronic sufferer how to come to terms with pain and function in spite of it.</p><p>Various studies have shown as much as 50% improvement in pain reduction for chronic pain sufferers after visiting a pain clinic, and most people learn to cope better and can resume normal activities.</p></section></div></div><div class="related-articles" data-metrics-module="cwnav-art" data-metrics-sel="li"></div><footer><div class="pub-info-and-share-bar"><div class="article__publication-sources"><section class="asset-footer"><div class="asset-footer-top"><div class="asset-footer-buttons"><button class="sources-btn">Sources</button><button class="update-history-btn">Update History</button></div><div class="asset-footer-top-share"><div class="module module-social-share-footer" data-e2e="social-sharebar"><div class="socialshare-container" data-metrics-module="fm-shr"><div class="share-footer-container"><div class="share-text">Share</div><div class="icon-sb-footer-svg icon-sb-footer-share"><svg class="icon-sb-footer-svg" width="18" height="20" viewbox="0 0 18 20" fill="none" xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path class="icon-sb-footer-svg" d="M15 20C14.1667 20 13.4583 19.7083 12.875 19.125C12.2917 18.5417 12 17.8333 12 17C12 16.8833 12.0083 16.7623 12.025 16.637C12.0417 16.5123 12.0667 16.4 12.1 16.3L5.05 12.2C4.76667 12.45 4.45 12.6457 4.1 12.787C3.75 12.929 3.38333 13 3 13C2.16667 13 1.45833 12.7083 0.875 12.125C0.291667 11.5417 0 10.8333 0 10C0 9.16667 0.291667 8.45833 0.875 7.875C1.45833 7.29167 2.16667 7 3 7C3.38333 7 3.75 7.07067 4.1 7.212C4.45 7.354 4.76667 7.55 5.05 7.8L12.1 3.7C12.0667 3.6 12.0417 3.48767 12.025 3.363C12.0083 3.23767 12 3.11667 12 3C12 2.16667 12.2917 1.45833 12.875 0.875C13.4583 0.291667 14.1667 0 15 0C15.8333 0 16.5417 0.291667 17.125 0.875C17.7083 1.45833 18 2.16667 18 3C18 3.83333 17.7083 4.54167 17.125 5.125C16.5417 5.70833 15.8333 6 15 6C14.6167 6 14.25 5.929 13.9 5.787C13.55 5.64567 13.2333 5.45 12.95 5.2L5.9 9.3C5.93333 9.4 5.95833 9.51233 5.975 9.637C5.99167 9.76233 6 9.88333 6 10C6 10.1167 5.99167 10.2373 5.975 10.362C5.95833 10.4873 5.93333 10.6 5.9 10.7L12.95 14.8C13.2333 14.55 13.55 14.354 13.9 14.212C14.25 14.0707 14.6167 14 15 14C15.8333 14 16.5417 14.2917 17.125 14.875C17.7083 15.4583 18 16.1667 18 17C18 17.8333 17.7083 18.5417 17.125 19.125C16.5417 19.7083 15.8333 20 15 20ZM15 4C15.2833 4 15.5207 3.90433 15.712 3.713C15.904 3.521 16 3.28333 16 3C16 2.71667 15.904 2.479 15.712 2.287C15.5207 2.09567 15.2833 2 15 2C14.7167 2 14.4793 2.09567 14.288 2.287C14.096 2.479 14 2.71667 14 3C14 3.28333 14.096 3.521 14.288 3.713C14.4793 3.90433 14.7167 4 15 4ZM3 11C3.28333 11 3.521 10.904 3.713 10.712C3.90433 10.5207 4 10.2833 4 10C4 9.71667 3.90433 9.479 3.713 9.287C3.521 9.09567 3.28333 9 3 9C2.71667 9 2.479 9.09567 2.287 9.287C2.09567 9.479 2 9.71667 2 10C2 10.2833 2.09567 10.5207 2.287 10.712C2.479 10.904 2.71667 11 3 11ZM15 18C15.2833 18 15.5207 17.904 15.712 17.712C15.904 17.5207 16 17.2833 16 17C16 16.7167 15.904 16.4793 15.712 16.288C15.5207 16.096 15.2833 16 15 16C14.7167 16 14.4793 16.096 14.288 16.288C14.096 16.4793 14 16.7167 14 17C14 17.2833 14.096 17.5207 14.288 17.712C14.4793 17.904 14.7167 18 15 18Z"></path></svg></div></div></div></div><div data-v-00aa1eb2><div class="print-footer-container" data-v-00aa1eb2><div class="print-text" data-v-00aa1eb2>Print</div><div class="icon-sb-footer-print" data-v-00aa1eb2><svg width="20" height="18" viewbox="0 0 20 18" fill="none" xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg" data-v-00aa1eb2><path d="M14 5V2H6V5H4V0H16V5H14ZM16 9.5C16.2833 9.5 16.5208 9.40417 16.7125 9.2125C16.9042 9.02083 17 8.78333 17 8.5C17 8.21667 16.9042 7.97917 16.7125 7.7875C16.5208 7.59583 16.2833 7.5 16 7.5C15.7167 7.5 15.4792 7.59583 15.2875 7.7875C15.0958 7.97917 15 8.21667 15 8.5C15 8.78333 15.0958 9.02083 15.2875 9.2125C15.4792 9.40417 15.7167 9.5 16 9.5ZM14 16V12H6V16H14ZM16 18H4V14H0V8C0 7.15 0.291667 6.4375 0.875 5.8625C1.45833 5.2875 2.16667 5 3 5H17C17.85 5 18.5625 5.2875 19.1375 5.8625C19.7125 6.4375 20 7.15 20 8V14H16V18ZM18 12V8C18 7.71667 17.9042 7.47917 17.7125 7.2875C17.5208 7.09583 17.2833 7 17 7H3C2.71667 7 2.47917 7.09583 2.2875 7.2875C2.09583 7.47917 2 7.71667 2 8V12H4V10H16V12H18Z" fill="#3557FF" data-v-00aa1eb2></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="save-container"><div class="auth-overlay-popup-holder" data-v-28242611><div class="bookmark-holder drug-generic-name" data-metrics-module="bkmk" data-v-28242611></div></div></div></div></div><div class="asset-footer-content"><div class="sources-section" style="display:none;"><div class="sources-wrapper" data-metrics-module="src"><p class="credits">SOURCES: The Cleveland Clinic Spine Center, The Center for Integrative Medicine at The Cleveland Clinic, and The Cleveland Clinic Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Chronic Pain Network. WebMD Health News: "FDA Approves Cymbalta for Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain." WebMD Health News: "FDA Approves Botox to Treat Chronic Migraines."</p></div></div></div><div class="asset-footer-bottom"><a href="https://www.webmd.com/about-webmd-policies/about-privacy-policy" class="asset-footer-policy"> View privacy policy, copyright and trust info </a></div><div class="asset-footer-bottom-share"><div class="module module-social-share-footer" data-e2e="social-sharebar"><div class="socialshare-container" data-metrics-module="fm-shr"><div class="share-footer-container"><div class="share-text">Share</div><div class="icon-sb-footer-svg icon-sb-footer-share"><svg class="icon-sb-footer-svg" width="18" height="20" viewbox="0 0 18 20" fill="none" xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path class="icon-sb-footer-svg" d="M15 20C14.1667 20 13.4583 19.7083 12.875 19.125C12.2917 18.5417 12 17.8333 12 17C12 16.8833 12.0083 16.7623 12.025 16.637C12.0417 16.5123 12.0667 16.4 12.1 16.3L5.05 12.2C4.76667 12.45 4.45 12.6457 4.1 12.787C3.75 12.929 3.38333 13 3 13C2.16667 13 1.45833 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encuentran los médicos la causa del dolor?"},{"article_link":{"link_friendlyUrl":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fes\u002Fpain-management\u002Fclasificaciones-causas-de-dolor","_chronic_id":"0efce2c4-b24a-4040-886c-0fef25f2a557","chapter__chronic_id":"d3a2b833-6465-415d-9abe-5f77c4def520"},"article_link_title":"Las clasificaciones y causas del dolor: dolor neural, dolor muscular y más"}]}}]}}}}]}}}},"article_publication":"WebMD Guide","Bundle_Article_Data":{"content_section":""},"Mini_Guide_Article_Data":{"content_section":""}},"articleModule":{"module_settings":{"metadata_section":{"i_chronicle_id":"091e9c5e8001149d","wbmd_publ":{"wbmd_publ_name":"WebMD Medical Reference"},"wbmd_archive_bool":"0","wbmd_c_channel_id":{"wbmd_disp_nm":"Pain Management"},"wbmd_bus_ref":{"wbmd_disp_nm":"Medical Reference"},"wbmd_cpyrt":{"wbmd_copyright":{"wbmd_copyright_statement":"© WebMD, LLC. All rights reserved."}},"wbmd_prim_med_revr":{"aspen_id":"a404fc83-9f65-452d-9f7d-6864a08dea4a","wbmd_first_nm":"Jennifer","wbmd_middle_name":"","wbmd_lst_nm":"Robinson","wbmd_person_prof_ttl":"","wbmd_bio_obj_id":{"directive":"friendlyurl","object_type":"wbmd_cons_article","chronic_id":"0c52717e-1c12-4105-b6df-a5341423876a","legacy_id":"","link_friendlyurl":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fbio\u002Fjennifer-robinson","content_section":{"cons_bio":{"title":"Jennifer Robinson, MD","bio_text":{"#cdata-section":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN\"\u003EJennifer Robinson, MD, is a board-certified internist who has spent her medical career as a hospitalist, most recently with The Southeast Permanente Medical Group. She serves as medical adviser for PAC Leaders, a leading post-acute care company for skilled nursing facilities, supervising nurse practitioners and collaborating with skilled nursing facilities to ensure quality and process improvement. \u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN\"\u003ERobinson received her undergraduate degree from the University of Michigan, her medical degree from the University of South Carolina School of Medicine, and completed her residency in internal medicine at Emory University. Her interests include preventative medicine, exercise, and wellness. She is a member of the American College of Physicians.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN\"\u003EIn her free time, she likes to spend time with her family and dogs, travel, cook, read, and exercise. She has a newfound interest in pottery.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"person_photo":{"directive":"imageurl","_chronic_id":"7cb1fb80-10f6-4186-b9ce-7a942bbfe3e9","path":"\u002Fwebmd\u002Fconsumer_assets\u002Fsite_images\u002Farticles\u002Fbiographies\u002Frobinson_jennifer_382x382.jpg","object_type":"wbmd_cons_img"},"related_links_header":"","related_links_text":{"#cdata-section":""}}}},"wbmd_person_suffix_group":{"wbmd_person_suffix":{"object_type":"wbmd_lookup","wbmd_lookup_type":"person_suffix","wbmd_storage_val":"48","wbmd_disp_nm":"MD"}},"name":"Jennifer Robinson, MD","photo":"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.lb.wbmdstatic.com\u002Fvim\u002Flive\u002Fwebmd\u002Fconsumer_assets\u002Fsite_images\u002Farticles\u002Fbiographies\u002Frobinson_jennifer_382x382.jpg","bioUrl":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fbio\u002Fjennifer-robinson","intro":"","header":""},"wbmd_prim_revw_dt":"06\u002F17\u002F2024 00:00:00","wbmd_orig_pub_dt":"12\u002F31\u002F2006 20:00:00","wbmd_first_live_dt":"01\u002F12\u002F2010 01:00:00","wbmd_c_sec_med_revw_dt":"","wbmd_suppress_infinite":"0"}},"module_data":{"content_section":{"cons_health_ref":{"title":"Pain Management: Treatment Overview","section_groups":{"#cdata-section":"\u003Csection_group\u003E\u003Cpagebreak type=\"mobile\" order=\"1\" \u002F\u003E\u003Cpagebreak type=\"desktop\" order=\"1\" \u002F\u003E\u003Csection_header\u003EWhat Are the Treatments for Chronic Pain?\u003C\u002Fsection_header\u003E\u003Csection_text\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe treatments for chronic pain are as diverse as the causes. From over-the-counter and prescription drugs to mind\u002Fbody techniques to acupuncture, there are a lot of approaches. But when it comes to treating chronic pain, no single technique is guaranteed to produce complete pain relief. Relief may be found by using a combination of treatment options.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cembeded_module class=\"wbmdembededmodule cke_widget_inline\" align=\"middle\" suppress_from_site=\"false\" suppress_from_fed=\"false\" thumbnail=\"\u002Fwebmd\u002Fconsumer_assets\u002Fsite_images\u002Farticle_thumbnails\u002Fslideshows\u002Fways_to_treat_pain_at_home_slideshow\u002F650x350_ways_to_treat_pain_at_home_slideshow.jpg\" _chronic_id=\"091e9c5e81586e99\" asset_title=\"Ways to Treat Pain at Home\" asset_description=\"Some causes of sudden pain call for a doctor. But many times, you can do things at home to feel better.\" module_title=\"\" module_description=\"\" type=\"slideshow\" aspen_id=\"e8140e4f-f6e0-4dc9-bbb9-29c404e37d16\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fembeded_module\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_text\u003E\u003Chighlights\u003E\u003C\u002Fhighlights\u003E\u003Cpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_group\u003E\u003Csection_group\u003E\u003Csection_header\u003EDrug Therapy: Nonprescription and Prescription\u003C\u002Fsection_header\u003E\u003Csection_text\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMilder forms of pain may be relieved by over-the-counter medications such as Tylenol (acetaminophen) or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen. Both acetaminophen and NSAIDs relieve pain caused by muscle aches and stiffness, and additionally, NSAIDs reduce inflammation (swelling and irritation). Topical pain relievers are also available, such as creams, lotions, or sprays that are applied to the skin in order to relieve pain and inflammation from sore muscles and arthritis.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIf over-the-counter drugs do not provide relief, your doctor may prescribe stronger medications, such as muscle relaxants, anti-anxiety drugs (such as \u003Ca class=\"\" link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fdrugs\u002F2\u002Fdrug-6306\u002Fdiazepam-oral\u002Fdetails\"\u003Ediazepam\u003C\u002Fa\u003E [\u003Ca class=\"\" link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fdrugs\u002F2\u002Fdrug-11116\u002Fvalium-oral\u002Fdetails\"\u003EValium\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]), antidepressants (like \u003Ca class=\"\" link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fdrugs\u002F2\u002Fdrug-91490-404\u002Fduloxetine-oral\u002Fduloxetine-oral\u002Fdetails\"\u003Eduloxetine\u003C\u002Fa\u003E [\u003Ca class=\"\" link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fdrugs\u002F2\u002Fdrug-91491\u002Fcymbalta-oral\u002Fdetails\"\u003ECymbalta\u003C\u002Fa\u003E] for musculoskeletal pain), prescription \u003Ca link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Farthritis\u002Fanti-inflammatory-drugs\" id=\"b4164f5d-109a-49c4-a2b9-83e587de5a35;medical_reference\"\u003ENSAIDs\u003C\u002Fa\u003E such as \u003Ca class=\"\" link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fdrugs\u002F2\u002Fdrug-16849\u002Fcelebrex-oral\u002Fdetails\"\u003Ecelecoxib\u003C\u002Fa\u003E (Celebrex), or a short course of stronger painkillers (such as codeine, fentanyl [\u003Ca class=\"\" link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fdrugs\u002F2\u002Fdrug-16877\u002Factiq-buccal\u002Fdetails\"\u003EActiq\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca class=\"\" link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fdrugs\u002F2\u002Fdrug-14008\u002Fduragesic-transdermal\u002Fdetails\"\u003EDuragesic\u003C\u002Fa\u003E], \u003Ca class=\"\" link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fdrugs\u002F2\u002Fdrug-2796\u002Foxycodone-acetaminophen-oral\u002Fdetails\"\u003Eoxycodone and acetaminophen\u003C\u002Fa\u003E (\u003Ca class=\"\" link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fdrugs\u002F2\u002Fdrug-7277\u002Fpercocet-oral\u002Fdetails\"\u003EPercocet\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca class=\"\" link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fdrugs\u002F2\u002Fdrug-16080\u002Froxicet-oral\u002Fdetails\"\u003ERoxicet\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca class=\"\" link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fdrugs\u002F2\u002Fdrug-14993\u002Ftylox-oral\u002Fdetails\"\u003ETylox\u003C\u002Fa\u003E) or hydrocodone and \u003Ca class=\"\" link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fdrugs\u002F2\u002Fdrug-362\u002Facetaminophen-oral\u002Fdetails\"\u003Eacetaminophen\u003C\u002Fa\u003E (\u003Ca class=\"\" link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fdrugs\u002F2\u002Fdrug-32701\u002Florcet-10-650-oral\u002Fdetails\"\u003ELorcet\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca class=\"\" link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fdrugs\u002F2\u002Fdrug-78569\u002Flortab-elixir-oral\u002Fdetails\"\u003ELortab\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, and \u003Ca class=\"\" link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fdrugs\u002F2\u002Fdrug-3459\u002Fvicodin-oral\u002Fdetails\"\u003EVicodin\u003C\u002Fa\u003E). A limited number of steroid injections at the site of a joint problem can reduce swelling and inflammation. An epidural might be given for spinal stenosis or lower back pain.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_text\u003E\u003Chighlights\u003E\u003C\u002Fhighlights\u003E\u003Cpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_group\u003E\u003Csection_group\u003E\u003Cpagebreak type=\"mobile\" order=\"2\" \u002F\u003E\u003Csection_header is_continued=\"true\"\u003EDrug Therapy: Nonprescription and Prescription continued...\u003C\u002Fsection_header\u003E\u003Csection_text\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn July 2015, the FDA asked that both prescription and over-the-counter NSAIDs strengthen their warning labels to indicate the potential risk of \u003Ca link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fheart-disease\u002Fguide\u002Fheart-disease-heart-attacks\"\u003Eheart attacks\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and strokes. The risk increases with higher doses of the drugs. In addition, there is also the possibility of developing bleeding stomach ulcers.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESometimes, a group of nerves that causes pain to a specific organ or body region can be blocked with local medication. The injection of this nerve-numbing substance is called a nerve block. Although many kinds of nerve blocks exist, this treatment cannot always be used. Often blocks are not possible, are too dangerous, or are not the best treatment for the problem. Your doctor can advise you as to whether this treatment is appropriate for you.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EPatient-controlled analgesia (\u003Ca link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fpain-management\u002Fpca\" id=\"5353c441-dd4c-49ab-b84c-699895b637d1;medical_reference\"\u003EPCA\u003C\u002Fa\u003E) is another method of pain control. By pushing a button on a computerized pump, the patient is able to self-administer a premeasured dose of pain medicine infused with opioids. The pump is connected to a small tube that allows medicine to be injected intravenously (into a vein), subcutaneously (just under the skin), or into the spinal area. This is often used in the hospital to treat pain in post-traumatic or post-surgical pain as well as terminal cancer pain..\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_text\u003E\u003Chighlights\u003E\u003C\u002Fhighlights\u003E\u003Cpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_group\u003E\u003Csection_group\u003E\u003Cpagebreak type=\"mobile\" order=\"3\" \u002F\u003E\u003Cpagebreak type=\"desktop\" order=\"2\" \u002F\u003E\u003Csection_header\u003ETrigger Point Injections\u003C\u002Fsection_header\u003E\u003Csection_text\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETrigger point injection is a procedure used to treat painful areas of muscle that contain trigger points, or knots of muscle that form when muscles do not relax. During this procedure, a healthcare professional, using a small needle, injects a \u003Ca link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fa-to-z-guides\u002Fwhat-to-know-about-local-anesthesia\" id=\"f9d5b478-76f7-44d7-9e9a-b3b992bbea08;medical_reference\"\u003Elocal anesthetic\u003C\u002Fa\u003E that sometimes includes a steroid into a trigger point (sterile salt water is sometimes injected). With the injection, the trigger point is made inactive and the pain is alleviated. Usually, a brief course of treatment will result in sustained relief.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETrigger point injection is used to treat muscle pain in the arms, legs, lower back, and neck. In addition, this approach has been used to treat fibromyalgia, tension headaches, and myofascial pain syndrome (chronic pain involving tissue that surrounds muscle) that does not respond to other treatments.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca class=\"\" link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fdrugs\u002F2\u002Fdrug-153463\u002Fonabotulinumtoxina-injection\u002Fdetails\"\u003EOnabotulinumtoxina\u003C\u002Fa\u003E (Botox) is a toxin that blocks signals from the nerves to the muscles. It can also be injected to alleviate chronic \u003Ca link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fmigraines-headaches\u002Fmigraines-headaches-migraines\" id=\"ef7a5131-7915-4a6f-aff3-8b80651147ad;medical_reference\"\u003Emigraine headaches\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. The procedure involves multiple injections around the head and neck every 12 weeks and may alleviate pain for up to three months.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_text\u003E\u003Chighlights\u003E\u003C\u002Fhighlights\u003E\u003Cpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_group\u003E\u003Csection_group\u003E\u003Cpagebreak type=\"mobile\" order=\"4\" \u002F\u003E\u003Csection_header\u003ESurgical Implants\u003C\u002Fsection_header\u003E\u003Csection_text\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhen standard medicines and \u003Ca link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fpain-management\u002Fwhat-is-physical-therapy\" id=\"a4ce6d95-0515-4a12-a5c9-855c0805f725;medical_reference\"\u003Ephysical therapy\u003C\u002Fa\u003E fail to offer adequate pain relief, you may be a candidate for a surgical implant to help you control pain. When they are used, which is rare, there are two main types of implants to control pain:\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EIntrathecal Drug Delivery.\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E Also called infusion pain pumps or spinal drug delivery systems. The surgeon makes a pocket under the skin that's large enough to hold a medicine pump. The pump is usually about one inch thick and three inches wide. The surgeon also inserts a catheter, which carries pain medicine from the pump to the intrathecal space around the spinal cord. The implants deliver medicines such as morphine or a muscle relaxant directly to the \u003Ca link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fbrain\u002Fspinal-cord-what-to-know\" id=\"3c7e3cc5-0b09-4904-bf51-9fde14bb3f8c;medical_reference\"\u003Espinal cord\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, where pain signals travel. For this reason, intrathecal drug delivery can provide significant pain control with a fraction of the dose that would be required with pills. In addition, the system can cause fewer side effects than oral medications because less medicine is required to control pain.\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESpinal Cord Stimulation Implants.\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E In \u003Ca link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fpain-management\u002Fspinal-cord-stimulation\" id=\"b22c2af6-fbf5-4c25-96fe-3255d7b729b8;medical_reference\"\u003Espinal cord stimulation\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, low-level electrical signals are transmitted to the spinal cord or to specific nerves to block pain signals from reaching the brain. This method being especially used for back and limb pain. In this procedure, a device that delivers the electrical signals is surgically implanted in the body. A remote control is used by the patient to turn the current off and on or to adjust the intensity of the signals. Some devices cause what’s described as a pleasant, tingling sensation while others do not.\u003Cbr \u002F\u003ETwo kinds of spinal cord stimulation systems are available. Partial and totally implanted units. The unit that is more commonly used is fully implanted. The latter system's antenna and transmitter are carried outside the body, while the receiver is implanted inside the body\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003C\u002Ful\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_text\u003E\u003Chighlights\u003E\u003C\u002Fhighlights\u003E\u003Cpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_group\u003E\u003Csection_group\u003E\u003Cpagebreak type=\"mobile\" order=\"5\" \u002F\u003E\u003Cpagebreak type=\"desktop\" order=\"3\" \u002F\u003E\u003Csection_header\u003ETENS\u003C\u002Fsection_header\u003E\u003Csection_text\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETranscutaneous electrical nerve stimulation therapy, more commonly referred to as \u003Ca link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fpain-management\u002Ftens-for-chronic-pain\" id=\"f15328fb-677c-4f1b-acc3-d5896dfe2599;medical_reference\"\u003ETENS\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, uses electrical stimulation to diminish pain. During the procedure, low-voltage electrical current is delivered through electrodes that are placed on the skin near the source of pain. The electricity from the electrodes stimulates the nerves in an affected area and sends signals to the brain that \"scramble\" normal pain signals. TENS is not painful and may be an effective therapy to mask pain such as diabetic neuropathy. However, TENS for chronic low back pain is not effective and cannot be recommended, says the American Academy of Neurology (AAN).\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_text\u003E\u003Chighlights\u003E\u003C\u002Fhighlights\u003E\u003Cpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_group\u003E\u003Csection_group\u003E\u003Csection_header\u003EBioelectric Therapy\u003C\u002Fsection_header\u003E\u003Csection_text\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBioelectric therapy relieves pain by blocking pain messages to the brain. Bioelectric therapy also prompts the body to produce chemicals called endorphins (endorphins are also released by exercise) that decrease or eliminate painful sensations by blocking the message of pain from being delivered to the brain.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBioelectric therapy can be used to treat many chronic and acute conditions causing pain, such as back pain, muscle pain, headaches and migraines, arthritis, \u003Ca link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Foral-health\u002Ftemporomandibular-disorders-tmd\" id=\"a5b37f1b-192c-44de-8afb-a0475bf2397c;medical_reference\"\u003ETMJ disorder\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, diabetic neuropathy, and scleroderma.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBioelectric therapy is effective in providing temporary pain control, but it should be used as part of a total pain management program. When used along with conventional pain-relieving medications, bioelectric treatment may allow pain sufferers to reduce their dose of some pain relievers by up to 50%.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_text\u003E\u003Chighlights\u003E\u003C\u002Fhighlights\u003E\u003Cpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_group\u003E\u003Csection_group\u003E\u003Cpagebreak type=\"mobile\" order=\"6\" \u002F\u003E\u003Csection_header\u003EPhysical Therapy\u003C\u002Fsection_header\u003E\u003Csection_text\u003E\u003Cp\u003EPhysical therapy helps to relieve pain by using special techniques that improve movement and function impaired by an injury or disability. Along with employing stretching, strengthening, and pain-relieving techniques, a \u003Ca link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fa-to-z-guides\u002Fwhat-is-a-physical-therapist\" id=\"a03e17f3-da37-4861-bd8b-636eccbb9b55;medical_reference\"\u003Ephysical therapist\u003C\u002Fa\u003E may use, among other things, TENS to aid treatment.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_text\u003E\u003Chighlights\u003E\u003C\u002Fhighlights\u003E\u003Cpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_group\u003E\u003Csection_group\u003E\u003Csection_header\u003EExercise\u003C\u002Fsection_header\u003E\u003Csection_text\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAlthough resting for short periods can alleviate pain, too much rest may actually increase pain and put you at greater risk of injury when you again attempt movement. Research has shown that regular exercise can diminish pain in the long term by improving muscle tone, strength, and flexibility. Exercise may also cause a release of endorphins, the body's natural painkillers. Some exercises are easier for certain chronic pain sufferers to perform than others; try swimming, biking, walking, rowing, and \u003Ca link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fbalance\u002Fthe-health-benefits-of-yoga\" id=\"412d399b-78d1-45f3-8fa2-f724bd7fa6b6;medical_reference\"\u003Eyoga\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_text\u003E\u003Chighlights\u003E\u003C\u002Fhighlights\u003E\u003Cpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_group\u003E\u003Csection_group\u003E\u003Cpagebreak type=\"desktop\" order=\"4\" \u002F\u003E\u003Csection_header\u003EPsychological Treatment\u003C\u002Fsection_header\u003E\u003Csection_text\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhen you are in pain, you may have feelings of anger, sadness, hopelessness, and\u002For despair. Pain can alter your personality, disrupt your sleep, and interfere with your work and relationships. In turn, \u003Ca link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fdepression\u002Fdetecting-depression\" id=\"76d38bc9-2a3b-4178-8295-69f0956c5b33;medical_reference\"\u003Edepression\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and anxiety, lack of sleep, and feelings of stress can all make pain worse. Psychological treatment provides safe, nondrug methods that can treat your pain directly by reducing high levels of physiological stress that often aggravate pain. Psychological treatment also helps improve the indirect consequences of pain by helping you learn how to cope with the many problems associated with pain.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EA large part of psychological treatment for pain is education, helping patients acquire skills to manage a very difficult problem.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_text\u003E\u003Chighlights\u003E\u003C\u002Fhighlights\u003E\u003Cpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_group\u003E\u003Csection_group\u003E\u003Cpagebreak type=\"mobile\" order=\"7\" \u002F\u003E\u003Csection_header\u003EAlternative Therapies\u003C\u002Fsection_header\u003E\u003Csection_text\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn the past decade, many people have found relief for their pain in mind-body therapies, acupuncture, and some nutritional supplements. Others use \u003Ca link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fbalance\u002Fmassage-therapy-styles-and-health-benefits\" id=\"f161b375-e41a-4b9a-abaf-622c0f88caa5;medical_reference\"\u003Emassage\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, chiropractic and osteopathic (bone) manipulation therapies, therapeutic touch, certain herbal therapies, and dietary approaches to alleviate pain. However, there is little if any scientific evidence supporting these therapies for pain relief.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_text\u003E\u003Chighlights\u003E\u003C\u002Fhighlights\u003E\u003Cpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_group\u003E\u003Csection_group\u003E\u003Csection_header\u003EMind-Body Therapies\u003C\u002Fsection_header\u003E\u003Csection_text\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMind-body therapies are treatments that are meant to help the mind's ability to affect the functions and symptoms of the body. Mind-body therapies use various approaches including relaxation techniques, meditation, guided imagery, biofeedback, and hypnosis. Relaxation techniques can help alleviate discomfort related to \u003Ca link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fpain-management\u002Funderstanding-pain-management-chronic-pain\" id=\"829ba856-05ac-4880-8dac-ab542320075c;medical_reference\"\u003Echronic pain\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EVisualization may be another worthwhile pain-controlling technique. Try the following exercise: Close your eyes and try to call up a visual image of the pain, giving it shape, color, size, motion. Now try slowly altering this image, replacing it with a more harmonious, pleasing -- and smaller -- image.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAnother approach is to keep a diary of your pain episodes and the causative and corrective factors surrounding them. Review your diary regularly to explore avenues of possible change. Strive to view pain as part of life, not all of it.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_text\u003E\u003Chighlights\u003E\u003C\u002Fhighlights\u003E\u003Cpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_group\u003E\u003Csection_group\u003E\u003Cpagebreak type=\"mobile\" order=\"8\" \u002F\u003E\u003Csection_header is_continued=\"true\"\u003EMind-Body Therapies continued...\u003C\u002Fsection_header\u003E\u003Csection_text\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fbrain\u002Femg-and-nerve-conduction-study\" id=\"4ccf2c77-8446-4bbe-b18b-0878c598cf5b;medical_reference\"\u003EElectromyographic (EMG) biofeedback\u003C\u002Fa\u003E may alert you to the ways in which muscle tension is contributing to your pain and help you learn to control it. Hypnotherapy and self-hypnosis may help you block or transform pain through refocusing techniques. One self-hypnosis strategy, known as glove anesthesia, involves putting yourself in a trance, placing a hand over the painful area, imagining that the hand is relaxed, heavy, and numb, and envisioning these sensations as replacing other, painful feelings in the affected area.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fbalance\u002Fstress-management\u002Fstress-management\" id=\"7cbdd79a-292e-4c25-9e08-060d4862da74;medical_reference\"\u003ERelaxation techniques\u003C\u002Fa\u003E such as meditation or yoga have been shown to reduce stress-related pain when they are practiced regularly. The gentle stretching of yoga is particularly good for strengthening muscles without putting additional strain on the body.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_text\u003E\u003Chighlights\u003E\u003C\u002Fhighlights\u003E\u003Cpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_group\u003E\u003Csection_group\u003E\u003Cpagebreak type=\"desktop\" order=\"5\" \u002F\u003E\u003Csection_header\u003EAcupuncture\u003C\u002Fsection_header\u003E\u003Csection_text\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAcupuncture is thought to decrease pain by increasing the release of endorphins, chemicals that block pain. Many acu-points are near nerves. When stimulated, these nerves cause a dull ache or feeling of fullness in the muscle. The stimulated muscle sends a message to the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord), causing the release of endorphins that block the message of pain from being delivered to the brain.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAcupuncture may be useful as an accompanying treatment for many pain-related conditions, including headache, low back pain, menstrual cramps, carpal tunnel syndrome, tennis elbow, \u003Ca link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Ffibromyalgia\u002Fwhat-is-fibromyalgia\" id=\"ea716d3e-90a6-4a04-ac0b-3da81a7eb348;medical_reference\"\u003Efibromyalgia\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, osteoarthritis (especially of the knee), and myofascial pain. Acupuncture also may be an acceptable alternative to or may be included as part of a comprehensive pain management program.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_text\u003E\u003Chighlights\u003E\u003C\u002Fhighlights\u003E\u003Cpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_group\u003E\u003Csection_group\u003E\u003Cpagebreak type=\"mobile\" order=\"9\" \u002F\u003E\u003Csection_header\u003EChiropractic Treatment and Massage\u003C\u002Fsection_header\u003E\u003Csection_text\u003E\u003Cp\u003EChiropractic treatment is the most common nonsurgical treatment for back pain. Improvements of people undergoing chiropractic manipulations were noted in some trials. However, the treatment's effectiveness in treating chronic back and neck pain has not been supported by compelling evidence from the majority of clinical trials. Further studies are currently assessing the effectiveness of chiropractic care for pain management.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOsteopathic doctors, those with a \"D.O.\" after their names, are also trained in bone manipulation techniques similar to that of \u003Ca link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fa-to-z-guides\u002Fchiropractor\" id=\"1ade5aa2-4031-43b8-b30c-4d3ecd41db93;medical_reference\"\u003Echiropractors\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMassage is being increasingly used by people suffering from pain, mostly to manage chronic back and neck problems. Massage can reduce stress and relieve tension by enhancing blood flow. This treatment also can reduce the presence of substances that may generate and sustain pain. Available data suggest that massage therapy, like chiropractic manipulations, holds considerable promise for managing \u003Ca link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fback-pain\u002Fhome-relief-for-low-back-pain\" id=\"6cd329a8-a371-498b-8d02-12050b0453be;medical_reference\"\u003Eback pain\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. However, it is not possible to draw final conclusions regarding the effectiveness of massage to treat pain because of the shortcomings of available studies.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_text\u003E\u003Chighlights\u003E\u003C\u002Fhighlights\u003E\u003Cpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_group\u003E\u003Csection_group\u003E\u003Cpagebreak type=\"mobile\" order=\"10\" \u002F\u003E\u003Csection_header\u003ETherapeutic Touch and Reiki Healing\u003C\u002Fsection_header\u003E\u003Csection_text\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETherapeutic touch and reiki healing are thought to help activate the self-healing processes of an individual and therefore reduce pain. Although these so-called \"energy-based\" techniques do not require actual physical contact, they do involve close physical proximity between practitioner and patient.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn the past few years, several reviews evaluated published studies on the efficacy of these healing approaches to ease pain and \u003Ca link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fanxiety-panic\u002Fanxiety-symptoms-signs\" id=\"896d39e6-d2d5-410d-b0eb-50998d48278e;medical_reference\"\u003Eanxiety\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and improve health. Although several studies showed beneficial effects with no significant adverse side effects, the limitations of some of these studies make it difficult to draw definitive conclusions. Further studies are needed before these approaches for pain treatment can be recommended.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_text\u003E\u003Chighlights\u003E\u003C\u002Fhighlights\u003E\u003Cpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_group\u003E\u003Csection_group\u003E\u003Cpagebreak type=\"desktop\" order=\"6\" \u002F\u003E\u003Csection_header\u003ENutritional Supplements\u003C\u002Fsection_header\u003E\u003Csection_text\u003E\u003Cp\u003EDietary supplements, such as fish oils and SAMe, also show some evidence of benefit, although more research is needed.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_text\u003E\u003Chighlights\u003E\u003C\u002Fhighlights\u003E\u003Cpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_group\u003E\u003Csection_group\u003E\u003Csection_header\u003EHerbal Remedies\u003C\u002Fsection_header\u003E\u003Csection_text\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIt has been difficult to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of herbs, though there are a few, such as white willow bark, devil’s claw, cat’s claw, \u003Ca link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fvitamins-and-supplements\u002Fginger-uses-and-risks\" id=\"0e670b87-6dca-4c20-8151-2f0164fa7447;medical_reference\"\u003Eginger\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, and turmeric, that have some evidence supporting their use. If you decide to use herbal preparations to better manage your pain, tell your doctor: Some herbs may interact with drugs you are receiving for pain or other conditions and may harm your health.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_text\u003E\u003Chighlights\u003E\u003C\u002Fhighlights\u003E\u003Cpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_group\u003E\u003Csection_group\u003E\u003Cpagebreak type=\"mobile\" order=\"11\" \u002F\u003E\u003Csection_header\u003EDietary Approaches to Treating Pain\u003C\u002Fsection_header\u003E\u003Csection_text\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESome people believe that changing dietary fat intake and\u002For eating plant foods that contain anti-inflammatory agents can help ease pain by limiting inflammation.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EA mostly raw vegetarian diet was found helpful for some people with fibromyalgia, but this study was not methodologically strong. One study of women with premenstrual symptoms suggested that a low-fat vegetarian diet was associated with decreased pain intensity and duration. Weight loss achieved by a combination of dietary changes and increased physical activity has been shown to be helpful for people suffering from \u003Ca link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fosteoarthritis\u002Fosteoarthritis-basics\" id=\"5f9dfece-e9f9-47fe-9103-fad0c1c9f7a2;medical_reference\"\u003Eosteoarthritis\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EStill, further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of dietary modifications as a pain treatment.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_text\u003E\u003Chighlights\u003E\u003C\u002Fhighlights\u003E\u003Cpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_group\u003E\u003Csection_group\u003E\u003Csection_header\u003EThings to Consider\u003C\u002Fsection_header\u003E\u003Csection_text\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAlternative therapies are not always benign. As mentioned, some herbal therapies can interact with other medications you may be taking. Always talk to your doctor before trying an alternative approach and be sure to tell all your doctors what \u003Ca link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fpain-management\u002Fpain-management-alternative-therapy\" id=\"5949609a-9406-4473-81d8-0973949141e9;medical_reference\"\u003Ealternative treatments\u003C\u002Fa\u003E you are using.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_text\u003E\u003Chighlights\u003E\u003C\u002Fhighlights\u003E\u003Cpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_group\u003E\u003Csection_group\u003E\u003Csection_header\u003EOther Options: Pain Clinics\u003C\u002Fsection_header\u003E\u003Csection_text\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMany people suffering from chronic pain are able to gain some measure of control over it by trying many of the above treatments on their own. But for some, no matter what treatment approach they try, they still suffer from debilitating pain. For them, pain clinics -- special care centers devoted exclusively to dealing with intractable pain -- may be the answer. Some pain clinics are associated with hospitals and others are private; in either case, both inpatient and outpatient treatment are usually available.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_text\u003E\u003Chighlights\u003E\u003C\u002Fhighlights\u003E\u003Cpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_group\u003E\u003Csection_group\u003E\u003Cpagebreak type=\"mobile\" order=\"12\" \u002F\u003E\u003Csection_header is_continued=\"true\"\u003EOther Options: Pain Clinics continued...\u003C\u002Fsection_header\u003E\u003Csection_text\u003E\u003Cp\u003EPain clinics generally employ a multidisciplinary approach, involving physicians, \u003Ca link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fa-to-z-guides\u002Fwhat-is-psychologist\" id=\"cd8cad1a-05ad-4b6e-9b26-d2998b4a62f8;medical_reference\"\u003Epsychologists\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, and physical therapists. The patient as well should take an active role in their own treatment. The aim in many cases is not only to alleviate pain but also to teach the chronic sufferer how to come to terms with pain and function in spite of it.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EVarious studies have shown as much as 50% improvement in pain reduction for chronic pain sufferers after visiting a pain clinic, and most people learn to cope better and can resume normal activities.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_text\u003E\u003Chighlights\u003E\u003C\u002Fhighlights\u003E\u003Cpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_group\u003E"},"citations":{"#cdata-section":"\u003Cp class=\"credits\"\u003ESOURCES: The Cleveland Clinic Spine Center, The Center for Integrative Medicine at The Cleveland Clinic, and The Cleveland Clinic Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Chronic Pain Network. WebMD Health News: \"FDA Approves Cymbalta for Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain.\" WebMD Health News: \"FDA Approves Botox to Treat Chronic Migraines.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"related_links_header":"","related_links_text":{"#cdata-section":""}}}}}},"staticPublicPath":"\u002Fstatic_vue\u002F091e9c5e81e52376\u002Fclient\u002F","isInteractivePage":false},"flow":{"flowInfo":{"guideArticle":{"assetId":"7753ef08-4a6a-4f54-8867-146708b02dac","channelId":"1090","contentType":"Article"}}},"quiz":{"rmq":{}}}</script> <script>window.__INITIAL_STATE__.route.hash = window.location.hash; window.__INITIAL_STATE__.route.fullPath = window.location.pathname; window.__INITIAL_STATE__.route.path = window.location.pathname; if(window.location.search !== ""){ var search = window.location.search.substring(1); window.__INITIAL_STATE__.route.query=JSON.parse('{"' + search.replace(/&/g, '","').replace(/=/g,'":"') + '"}', function(key, value) { return key===""?value:decodeURIComponent(value) }) } else {window.__INITIAL_STATE__.route.query={};}</script><script>try{var _comscore=_comscore||[];_comscore.push({c1:'2',c2:'6035829',options:{enableFirstPartyCookie:!0}}),function(){var e=document.createElement('script'),o=document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];e.async=!0,e.src='https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/cs/6035829/beacon.js',o.parentNode.insertBefore(e,o),window.__INITIAL_STATE__?window.document.addEventListener('before_pv',function(){window.document.addEventListener('onAdobeOmniBeforePv',function(){window.biConsumerIsReady&&self.COMSCORE&&COMSCORE.beacon({c1:'2',c2:'6035829',options:{enableFirstPartyCookie:!0}})})},{once:!0}):window.document.addEventListener('onAdobeOmniBeforePv',function(){self.COMSCORE&&COMSCORE.beacon({c1:'2',c2:'6035829',options:{enableFirstPartyCookie:!0}})})}()}catch(e){}</script><noscript><img src='https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=6035829&cv=3.9.1&cj=1'></noscript>  <script id="cookieConsentScriptNonEU" async="async" src="https://img.lb.wbmdstatic.com/webmd_static_vue/file-explorer/webmd/consumer_assets/site_images/webmd-ccm/webmd-ccm-lite.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" async="async" importance="high" src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js" id="GPT_JS"></script><script>window.webmd.googleloaded = true; window.googleloaded = true; </script> <script>window.performance.mark('page-end');</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="//img.lb.wbmdstatic.com/webmd_static_vue/091e9c5e81e52376/client/css/non-critical-1731593618452.f64d91a6.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="//img.lb.wbmdstatic.com/webmd_static_vue/091e9c5e81e52376/client/css/pagetype-oncology-1731593618452.b84c3554.css"> </body> </html>