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mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9A%B0%ED%81%AC%EC%8A%A4%EB%B6%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC_%EC%8B%A0%EC%95%99%EA%B3%A0%EB%B0%B1_%ED%95%B4%EC%84%A4" title="아우크스부르크 신앙고백 해설 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아우크스부르크 신앙고백 해설" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apologia_della_confessione_di_Augusta" title="Apologia della confessione di Augusta – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Apologia della confessione di Augusta" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A6%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9%E3%83%96%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AF%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0%E5%91%8A%E7%99%BD%E3%81%AE%E5%BC%81%E8%A8%BC" title="アウクスブルク信仰告白の弁証 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アウクスブルク信仰告白の弁証" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apologi_for_Den_augsburgske_bekjennelse" title="Apologi for Den augsburgske bekjennelse – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Apologi for Den augsburgske bekjennelse" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obrona_Wyznania_augsburskiego" title="Obrona Wyznania augsburskiego – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Obrona Wyznania augsburskiego" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apologia_da_Confiss%C3%A3o_de_Augsburgo" title="Apologia da Confissão de Augsburgo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Apologia da Confissão de Augsburgo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Апология аугсбургского исповедания – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Апология аугсбургского исповедания" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apol%C3%B3gia_Augsbursk%C3%A9ho_vyznania" title="Apológia Augsburského vyznania – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Apológia Augsburského vyznania" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburgin_tunnustuksen_puolustus" title="Augsburgin tunnustuksen puolustus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Augsburgin tunnustuksen puolustus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburgska_bek%C3%A4nnelsens_apologi" title="Augsburgska bekännelsens apologi – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Augsburgska bekännelsens apologi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%90%D1%83%D2%91%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Апологія Ауґзбурзького віросповідання – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Апологія Ауґзбурзького віросповідання" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Lutheranism" title="Category:Lutheranism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:160%;"><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheranism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Luther%27s_rose" title="Luther's rose"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Lutherrose.svg/125px-Lutherrose.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Lutherrose.svg/188px-Lutherrose.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Lutherrose.svg/250px-Lutherrose.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Background</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther#The_start_of_the_Reformation" title="Martin Luther">Start of the Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Doctrine and theology</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></li></ul></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Creed" title="Creed">Creeds</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostles%27_Creed#Lutheran_Church" title="Apostles' Creed">Apostles' Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasian_Creed" title="Athanasian Creed">Athanasian Creed</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Concord" title="Book of Concord">Book of Concord</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augsburg_Confession" title="Augsburg Confession">Augsburg Confession</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Apology of the Augsburg Confession</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luther%27s_Small_Catechism" title="Luther's Small Catechism">Luther's Small</a> / <a href="/wiki/Luther%27s_Large_Catechism" title="Luther's Large Catechism">Large Catechism</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smalcald_Articles" title="Smalcald Articles">Smalcald Articles</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treatise_on_the_Power_and_Primacy_of_the_Pope" title="Treatise on the Power and Primacy of the Pope">Treatise on the Power and Primacy of the Pope</a></li></ul></div><div class="hlist"> <li><a href="/wiki/Formula_of_Concord" title="Formula of Concord">Formula of Concord</a></li></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran theology">Distinctive theological concepts</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theology_of_Martin_Luther" title="Theology of Martin Luther">Theology of Martin Luther</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Justification_(theology)#Lutheranism" title="Justification (theology)">Justification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_and_Gospel" title="Law and Gospel">Law and Gospel</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sola_gratia" title="Sola gratia">Sola gratia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sola_scriptura" title="Sola scriptura">Sola scriptura</a></i></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scholastic_Lutheran_Christology" title="Scholastic Lutheran Christology">Christology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctification_in_Christianity#Lutheranism" title="Sanctification in Christianity">Sanctification</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Two_kingdoms_doctrine" title="Two kingdoms doctrine">Two kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholicity#Lutheranism" title="Catholicity">catholicity</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Churches_Militant,_Penitent,_and_Triumphant" title="Churches Militant, Penitent, and Triumphant">Two states of the Church</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Priesthood_of_all_believers" title="Priesthood of all believers">Priesthood of all believers</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_providence#Lutheran_theology" title="Divine providence">Divine Providence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Mariology" title="Lutheran Mariology">Marian theology</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theology_of_the_Cross" title="Theology of the Cross">Theology of the Cross</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacramental_union" title="Sacramental union">Sacramental Union</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> Other relevant topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_Lutheranism" title="Homosexuality and Lutheranism">Homosexuality</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_sacraments" title="Lutheran sacraments">Sacraments</a> and worship</li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_(Lutheran_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptism (Lutheran Church)">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharist_in_Lutheranism" title="Eucharist in Lutheranism">Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confession_(Lutheran_Church)" title="Confession (Lutheran Church)">Confession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confirmation_(Lutheran_Church)" title="Confirmation (Lutheran Church)">Confirmation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_marriage#Protestantism" title="Christian views on marriage">Matrimony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_Sick" class="mw-redirect" title="Anointing of the Sick">Anointing of the Sick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_orders#Lutheranism" title="Holy orders">Holy Orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Service_(Lutheran)" title="Divine Service (Lutheran)">Divine Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matins_in_Lutheranism" title="Matins in Lutheranism">Matins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vespers_in_Lutheranism" title="Vespers in Lutheranism">Vespers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_calendar_(Lutheran)" title="Liturgical calendar (Lutheran)">Liturgical calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints_(Lutheran)" title="Calendar of saints (Lutheran)">Calendar of saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_hymn" title="Lutheran hymn">Lutheran hymn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Lutheran_hymnody" title="Template:Lutheran hymnody">Lutheran hymnwriters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_church_music_during_and_after_the_Reformation#Emergence_of_Protestant_church_music" title="Protestant church music during and after the Reformation">Normative principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_art" title="Lutheran art">Lutheran art</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Organization</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Confessional_Evangelical_Lutheran_Conference" title="Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference">Confessional Evangelical<br />Lutheran Conference</a></div></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Confessional_and_Missional_Lutheran_Forum" title="Global Confessional and Missional Lutheran Forum">Global Confessional &<br />Missional Lutheran Forum</a></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Lutheran_Council" title="International Lutheran Council">International Lutheran Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_World_Federation" title="Lutheran World Federation">Lutheran World Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Lutheran_denominations" title="List of Lutheran denominations">Denominations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism_by_region" title="Lutheranism by region">Lutheranism by region</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Movements</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lutheranism" title="History of Lutheranism">History of Lutheranism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crypto-protestantism" class="mw-redirect" title="Crypto-protestantism">Crypto-Lutherans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnesio-Lutherans" title="Gnesio-Lutherans">Gnesio-Lutherans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_orthodoxy" title="Lutheran orthodoxy">Lutheran orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietism" title="Pietism">Pietists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Pietism" title="Radical Pietism">Radical Pietism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haugean" class="mw-redirect" title="Haugean">Haugeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laestadianism" title="Laestadianism">Laestadians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awakening_(Finnish_religious_movement)" title="Awakening (Finnish religious movement)">Finnish Awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Lutherans" title="Old Lutherans">Old Lutherans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Lutheranism" title="Neo-Lutheranism">Neo-Lutherans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_church_Lutheranism" title="High church Lutheranism">High church Lutherans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessional_Lutheranism" title="Confessional Lutheranism">Confessional Lutheranism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Key figures</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"><b>Missionaries</b> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Campanius" title="John Campanius">John Campanius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartholom%C3%A4us_Ziegenbalg" title="Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg">Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Egede" title="Hans Egede">Hans Egede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Heinrich_Callenberg" title="Johann Heinrich Callenberg">Johann Heinrich Callenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Phillip_Fabricius" title="Johann Phillip Fabricius">Johann Phillip Fabricius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Henkel" title="Paul Henkel">Paul Henkel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Christian_Frederick_Heyer" title="John Christian Frederick Heyer">John Christian Frederick Heyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Graul" title="Karl Graul">Karl Graul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martti_Rautanen" title="Martti Rautanen">Martti Rautanen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Sihler" title="Wilhelm Sihler">Wilhelm Sihler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._C._D._Wyneken" title="F. C. D. Wyneken">F. C. D. Wyneken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Paludan_Smith_Schreuder" title="Hans Paludan Smith Schreuder">Hans Paludan Smith Schreuder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lars_Olsen_Skrefsrud" title="Lars Olsen Skrefsrud">Lars Olsen Skrefsrud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Ingwer_Nommensen" title="Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen">Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onesimos_Nesib" title="Onesimos Nesib">Onesimos Nesib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Olaf_Bodding" title="Paul Olaf Bodding">Paul Olaf Bodding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Flierl" title="Johann Flierl">Johann Flierl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Keyser" title="Christian Keyser">Christian Keyser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jens_Christensen_(bishop)" title="Jens Christensen (bishop)">Jens Christensen</a></li></ul> </div> <p><b>Bible Translators</b> </p> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther#Translation_of_the_Bible" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casiodoro_de_Reina" title="Casiodoro de Reina">Casiodoro de Reina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kjell_Magne_Yri" title="Kjell Magne Yri">Kjell Magne Yri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onesimos_Nesib" title="Onesimos Nesib">Onesimos Nesib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aster_Ganno" title="Aster Ganno">Aster Ganno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristian_Osvald_Vider%C3%B8" title="Kristian Osvald Viderø">Kristian Osvald Viderø</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1kup_Dahl" title="Jákup Dahl">Jákup Dahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartholom%C3%A4us_Ziegenbalg" title="Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg">Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Phillip_Fabricius#Bible_translation" title="Johann Phillip Fabricius">Johann Phillip Fabricius</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Tyndale" title="William Tyndale">William Tyndale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rogers_(Bible_editor_and_martyr)" title="John Rogers (Bible editor and martyr)">John Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Constantine_(priest)" title="George Constantine (priest)">George Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jozef_Roh%C3%A1%C4%8Dek" title="Jozef Roháček">Jozef Roháček</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Avetaranian" title="Johannes Avetaranian">Johannes Avetaranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%B0brandur_%C3%9Eorl%C3%A1ksson" title="Guðbrandur Þorláksson">Guðbrandur Þorláksson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible_translations_into_Kurdish" title="Bible translations into Kurdish">Ludvig Olsen Fossum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Egede" title="Hans Egede">Hans Egede</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Egede" title="Paul Egede">Paul Egede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Fabricius" title="Otto Fabricius">Otto Fabricius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nils_Vibe_Stockfleth" title="Nils Vibe Stockfleth">Nils Vibe Stockfleth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olaus_Petri" title="Olaus Petri">Olaus Petri</a> / <a href="/wiki/Laurentius_Petri" title="Laurentius Petri">Laurentius Petri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martti_Rautanen" title="Martti Rautanen">Martti Rautanen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primo%C5%BE_Trubar" title="Primož Trubar">Primož Trubar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurij_Dalmatin" title="Jurij Dalmatin">Jurij Dalmatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Ingwer_Nommensen" title="Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen">Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Krelj" title="Sebastian Krelj">Sebastian Krelj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikael_Agricola" title="Mikael Agricola">Mikael Agricola</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Bible_Society" title="Norwegian Bible Society">Norwegian Bible Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Bible_Society" title="Swedish Bible Society">Swedish Bible Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Ludwik_Zasadius" title="Samuel Ludwik Zasadius">Samuel Ludwik Zasadius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanislovas_Rapolionis" title="Stanislovas Rapolionis">Stanislovas Rapolionis</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laurentius_Andreae" title="Laurentius Andreae">Laurentius Andreae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Tausen" title="Hans Tausen">Hans Tausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olaf_M._Norlie" title="Olaf M. Norlie">Olaf M. Norlie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Bretk%C5%ABnas" title="Jonas Bretkūnas">Jonas Bretkūnas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Paludan_Smith_Schreuder" title="Hans Paludan Smith Schreuder">Hans Paludan Smith Schreuder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Brucioli" title="Antonio Brucioli">Antonio Brucioli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorbs#Language_and_culture" title="Sorbs">Mikołaj Jakubica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Bel" title="Matthias Bel">Matthias Bel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Ernst_Gl%C3%BCck" title="Johann Ernst Glück">Johann Ernst Glück</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Beck" title="William F. Beck">William F. Beck</a></li></ul> </div> <p><b>Theologians</b> </p> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a> / <a href="/wiki/Katharina_von_Bora" title="Katharina von Bora">Katharina von Bora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Melanchthon" title="Philip Melanchthon">Philip Melanchthon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Bugenhagen" title="Johannes Bugenhagen">Johannes Bugenhagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Brenz" title="Johannes Brenz">Johannes Brenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justus_Jonas" title="Justus Jonas">Justus Jonas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Tausen" title="Hans Tausen">Hans Tausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurentius_Petri" title="Laurentius Petri">Laurentius Petri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olaus_Petri" title="Olaus Petri">Olaus Petri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikael_Agricola" title="Mikael Agricola">Mikael Agricola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Flacius" title="Matthias Flacius">Matthias Flacius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Chemnitz" title="Martin Chemnitz">Martin Chemnitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Gerhard" title="Johann Gerhard">Johann Gerhard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Calovius" title="Abraham Calovius">Abraham Calovius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Andreas_Quenstedt" title="Johannes Andreas Quenstedt">Johannes Andreas Quenstedt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Wilhelm_Baier" title="Johann Wilhelm Baier">Johann Wilhelm Baier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philipp_Spener" title="Philipp Spener">Philipp Spener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hollatz_(dogmatician)" title="David Hollatz (dogmatician)">David Hollaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Hermann_Francke" title="August Hermann Francke">August Hermann Francke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Muhlenberg" title="Henry Muhlenberg">Henry Muhlenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lars_Levi_Laestadius" title="Lars Levi Laestadius">Lars Levi Laestadius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Porterfield_Krauth" title="Charles Porterfield Krauth">Charles Porterfield Krauth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._F._W._Walther" title="C. F. W. Walther">C. F. W. Walther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8ren_Kierkegaard" title="Søren Kierkegaard">Søren Kierkegaard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albrecht_Ritschl" title="Albrecht Ritschl">Albrecht Ritschl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Herrmann" title="Wilhelm Herrmann">Wilhelm Herrmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_Stellhorn" title="Frederick William Stellhorn">F. W. Stellhorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Otto" title="Rudolf Otto">Rudolf Otto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Troeltsch" title="Ernst Troeltsch">Ernst Troeltsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Bultmann" title="Rudolf Bultmann">Rudolf Bultmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Tillich" title="Paul Tillich">Paul Tillich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Sasse" title="Hermann Sasse">Hermann Sasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dietrich_Bonhoeffer" title="Dietrich Bonhoeffer">Dietrich Bonhoeffer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfhart_Pannenberg" title="Wolfhart Pannenberg">Wolfhart Pannenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Jenson" title="Robert Jenson">Robert Jenson</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lutheranism" title="Template:Lutheranism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lutheranism" title="Template talk:Lutheranism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lutheranism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lutheranism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p> The <i><b>Apology of the Augsburg Confession</b></i> was written by <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Melanchthon" class="mw-redirect" title="Philipp Melanchthon">Philipp Melanchthon</a> during and after the 1530 <a href="/wiki/Diet_of_Augsburg" title="Diet of Augsburg">Diet of Augsburg</a> as a response to the <i><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Confutation_of_the_Augsburg_Confession" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontifical Confutation of the Augsburg Confession">Pontifical Confutation of the Augsburg Confession</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V</a>'s commissioned official Roman Catholic response to the Lutheran <i><a href="/wiki/Augsburg_Confession" title="Augsburg Confession">Augsburg Confession</a></i> of 25 June 1530. It was intended to be a defense of the <i>Augsburg Confession</i> and a refutation of the <i>Confutation</i>. It was signed as a confession of faith by leading Lutheran magnates and clergy at the meeting of the <a href="/wiki/Schmalkaldic_League" title="Schmalkaldic League">Smalkaldic League</a> in February, 1537,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and subsequently included in the <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> [1580] and <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> [1584] <i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Concord" title="Book of Concord">Book of Concord</a></i>. As the longest document in the <i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Concord" title="Book of Concord">Book of Concord</a></i> it offers the most detailed Lutheran response to the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholicism</a> of that day as well as an extensive Lutheran exposition of the doctrine of Justification. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contents">Contents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apology_of_the_Augsburg_Confession&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Contents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apologia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Apologia.jpg/220px-Apologia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Apologia.jpg/330px-Apologia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Apologia.jpg/440px-Apologia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="688" data-file-height="986" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>The major sections of the Apology are listed below, along with the article of the Augsburg Confession that Melanchthon is defending. </p> <ol><li>Concerning <a href="/wiki/Original_Sin" class="mw-redirect" title="Original Sin">Original Sin</a>—Article II</li> <li>Concerning <a href="/wiki/Justification_(theology)" title="Justification (theology)">Justification</a>—Article IV</li> <li>Concerning Love and the Fulfilling of the Law</li> <li>Concerning the <a href="/wiki/Invisible_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Invisible Church">Church</a>—Articles VII and VIII</li> <li>Concerning <a href="/wiki/Repentance" title="Repentance">Repentance</a>—Article XII</li> <li>Concerning <a href="/wiki/Confession_(religion)" title="Confession (religion)">Confession</a> and <a href="/wiki/Absolution" title="Absolution">Satisfaction</a></li> <li>Concerning the Number and Use of the <a href="/wiki/Sacraments" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacraments">Sacraments</a>—Article XIII</li> <li>Concerning Human Traditions in the Church—Article XV</li> <li>Concerning the Invocation of <a href="/wiki/Saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Saints">Saints</a>—Article XXI</li> <li>Concerning Both Kinds in the <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Lord's Supper</a>—Article XXII</li> <li>Concerning the <a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">Marriage</a> of <a href="/wiki/Priests" class="mw-redirect" title="Priests">Priests</a>—Article XXIII</li> <li>Concerning the <a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">Mass</a>—Article XXIV</li> <li>Concerning Monastic <a href="/wiki/Oath" title="Oath">Vows</a>—Article XXVII</li> <li>Concerning Ecclesiastical Power—Article XXVIII</li></ol> <p>He also refers to some of the other articles in the Augsburg Confession which did not require an extensive defense. These articles are I, III, XVI, XVII, XVIII, XIX, XX. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Textual_issues">Textual issues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apology_of_the_Augsburg_Confession&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Textual issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first edition of the <i>Apology of the Augsburg Confession</i> was published in late April-early May 1531<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Quarto" title="Quarto">quarto</a> format. Melanchthon continued to revise it, especially the article on justification, and issued a second edition in September 1531, which was published in <a href="/wiki/Octavo" title="Octavo">octavo</a> format. Some scholars believe the second edition is the better edition of the Apology.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Lutheran Church's formal collection of confessions in the <i>Book of Concord</i> refer to the first edition of the Apology when it is quoted in the Solid Declaration of the Formula of Concord. The 1580 German edition of the <i>Book of Concord</i> used the translation of the Apology prepared by <a href="/wiki/Justus_Jonas" title="Justus Jonas">Justus Jonas</a>, who rendered it freely based on Melanchthon's further editing. The 1584 Latin edition of the <i>Book of Concord</i> uses the first edition ("<i>editio princeps</i>") of the <i>Apology</i>, following the decision made by the Lutheran estates and rulers at the Diet of Naumburg in 1560 to use only this edition. </p><p>The question of which is the "official text" of the <i>Apology</i> arises in connection with the English translation of the text in the 2000 "Kolb-Wengert Edition" of <i>The Book of Concord</i>. The translators and editors of this edition made the octavo edition the main source for their English translation because they believe it to be the "official version" of <i>The Apology</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They included English translations of variant readings of the quarto edition in italics. Other scholars question whether this text could be the actual Lutheran confession, especially since it was the quarto edition that was deliberately included in the 1584 official Latin <i>Book of Concord</i> to the exclusion of the octavo edition.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All other English translations of <i>The Book of Concord</i> utilize the quarto edition. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apology_of_the_Augsburg_Confession&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFArand1998" class="citation journal cs1">Arand, Charles P. (1998). "The Texts of the Apology of the Augsburg Confession". <i><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Quarterly" title="Lutheran Quarterly">Lutheran Quarterly</a></i>. <b>12</b> (4): 461–484.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lutheran+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Texts+of+the+Apology+of+the+Augsburg+Confession&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=461-484&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Arand&rft.aufirst=Charles+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApology+of+the+Augsburg+Confession" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBente1995" class="citation book cs1">Bente, Friedrich (1995) [1921]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26909/26909.txt"><i>Historical Introductions to the Symbolical Books of the Evangelical Lutheran Church</i></a>. St. Louis: <a href="/wiki/Concordia_Publishing_House" title="Concordia Publishing House">Concordia Publishing House</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-570-03262-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-570-03262-8"><bdi>0-570-03262-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Introductions+to+the+Symbolical+Books+of+the+Evangelical+Lutheran+Church&rft.place=St.+Louis&rft.pub=Concordia+Publishing+House&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-570-03262-8&rft.aulast=Bente&rft.aufirst=Friedrich&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Ffiles%2F26909%2F26909.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApology+of+the+Augsburg+Confession" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBente1921" class="citation book cs1">Bente, Friedrich (1921). "Historical Introductions to the Symbolical Books of the Evangelical Lutheran Church - VI. The Apology of the Augsburg Confession.". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201022005710/https://bookofconcord.org/historical-6.php"><i>Triglot Concordia: The Symbolical Books of the Ev. Lutheran Church, German-Latin-English</i></a>. St. Louis: <a href="/wiki/Concordia_Publishing_House" title="Concordia Publishing House">Concordia Publishing House</a>. pp. 37–47. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bookofconcord.org/historical-6.php">the original</a> on October 22, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Historical+Introductions+to+the+Symbolical+Books+of+the+Evangelical+Lutheran+Church+-+VI.+The+Apology+of+the+Augsburg+Confession.&rft.btitle=Triglot+Concordia%3A+The+Symbolical+Books+of+the+Ev.+Lutheran+Church%2C+German-Latin-English&rft.place=St.+Louis&rft.pages=37-47&rft.pub=Concordia+Publishing+House&rft.date=1921&rft.aulast=Bente&rft.aufirst=Friedrich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbookofconcord.org%2Fhistorical-6.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApology+of+the+Augsburg+Confession" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Concordia Triglotta: Die symbolischen Bücher der evanglish-lutherischen Kirche</i>. St. Louis: <a href="/wiki/Concordia_Publishing_House" title="Concordia Publishing House">Concordia Publishing House</a>. 1921.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Concordia+Triglotta%3A+Die+symbolischen+B%C3%BCcher+der+evanglish-lutherischen+Kirche&rft.place=St.+Louis&rft.pub=Concordia+Publishing+House&rft.date=1921&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApology+of+the+Augsburg+Confession" class="Z3988"></span> This book contains the first edition (the Quarto edition) and translates it from the Latin 1584 <i>Book of Concord</i>, putting in brackets the translation of material found in the Jonas German translation.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lBIRAAAAIAAJ&dq=%22corpus+reformatorum%22&pg=RA1-PA101"><i>Corpus Reformatorum</i></a> (in Latin). Vol. XXVII. Braunschweig: C.A. Schwetschke. 1859. pp. 419ff.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Corpus+Reformatorum&rft.place=Braunschweig&rft.pages=419ff&rft.pub=C.A.+Schwetschke&rft.date=1859&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlBIRAAAAIAAJ%26dq%3D%2522corpus%2Breformatorum%2522%26pg%3DRA1-PA101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApology+of+the+Augsburg+Confession" class="Z3988"></span> Contains the best text of the quarto Latin Apology of May 1531, with variants from the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th editions in the footnotes.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">"Die Apologie der Augsburgischen Konfession". <i>Die Bekenntnisschriften der evangelisch-lutherischen Kirche</i> (in German) (12th ed.). Göttingen: <a href="/wiki/Vandenhoeck_%26_Ruprecht" title="Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht">Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht</a>. 1998. pp. xxii–xxiii.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Die+Apologie+der+Augsburgischen+Konfession&rft.btitle=Die+Bekenntnisschriften+der+evangelisch-lutherischen+Kirche&rft.place=G%C3%B6ttingen&rft.pages=xxii-xxiii&rft.edition=12th&rft.pub=Vandenhoeck+%26+Ruprecht&rft.date=1998&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApology+of+the+Augsburg+Confession" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><i>Die Bekenntnisschriften Der Evangelisch-lutherischen Kirche. Herausgegeben Im Gedenkjahr Der Augsburgischen Konfession 1930</i> (in German). <a href="/wiki/Vandenhoeck_%26_Ruprecht" title="Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht">Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht</a>. 1998. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3525521014" title="Special:BookSources/3525521014"><bdi>3525521014</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Bekenntnisschriften+Der+Evangelisch-lutherischen+Kirche.+Herausgegeben+Im+Gedenkjahr+Der+Augsburgischen+Konfession+1930&rft.pub=Vandenhoeck+%26+Ruprecht&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=3525521014&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApology+of+the+Augsburg+Confession" class="Z3988"></span> The <i>Bekenntnisschriften</i> is the critical edition of the Lutheran Confessions, offering the latest academic opinions of the various textual forms of the Lutheran Confessions.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFagerberg1988" class="citation book cs1">Fagerberg, Holsten (1988). <i>A New Look at the Lutheran Confessions (1529–1537)</i>. Translated by Lund, Gene. St. Louis: <a href="/wiki/Concordia_Publishing_House" title="Concordia Publishing House">Concordia Publishing House</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-570-04499-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-570-04499-5"><bdi>0-570-04499-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+New+Look+at+the+Lutheran+Confessions+%281529%E2%80%931537%29&rft.place=St.+Louis&rft.pub=Concordia+Publishing+House&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-570-04499-5&rft.aulast=Fagerberg&rft.aufirst=Holsten&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApology+of+the+Augsburg+Confession" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeters1997" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Peters, Christian (1997). <i>Apologia Confessionis Augustanae: Untersuchungen zur Textgeschichte einer lutherischen Bekenntnisschrift (1530–1584)</i> (in German). Stuttgart: Calwer.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Apologia+Confessionis+Augustanae%3A+Untersuchungen+zur+Textgeschichte+einer+lutherischen+Bekenntnisschrift+%281530%E2%80%931584%29&rft.place=Stuttgart&rft.pub=Calwer&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Christian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApology+of+the+Augsburg+Confession" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZiegler2002" class="citation journal cs1">Ziegler, Roland F. (April 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ctsfwmedia.s3.amazonaws.com/CTQ/CTQ%2066-2.pdf">"The New English Translation of The Book of Concord: Locking the Barn Door After..."</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Concordia_Theological_Quarterly" title="Concordia Theological Quarterly">Concordia Theological Quarterly</a></i>. <b>66</b> (2): 145–165<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Concordia+Theological+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+New+English+Translation+of+The+Book+of+Concord%3A+Locking+the+Barn+Door+After....&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=145-165&rft.date=2002-04&rft.aulast=Ziegler&rft.aufirst=Roland+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fctsfwmedia.s3.amazonaws.com%2FCTQ%2FCTQ%252066-2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApology+of+the+Augsburg+Confession" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apology_of_the_Augsburg_Confession&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Book of Concord: The Confessions of the Evangelical Lutheran Church</i>, Theodore G. Tappert, trans. and ed., (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1959), 97-98, 287-88, 334-35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Book of Concord" The Confessions of the Evangelical Lutheran Church</i>, Robert Kolb and Timothy J. Wengert, eds., (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2000), 108.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Christian Peters, <i>Apologia Confessionis Augustanae. Untersuchungen zur Textgeschichte einer lutherischen Bekenntnisschrift</i> (Stuttgart: Calwer Verlag, 1997); Christian Peters, "'Er hats immer wollen besser machen [. . .].' Melanchthons fortgesetzte Arbeit am Text der lateinischen Apologie auf und nach dem Augsburger Reichstag von 1530," <i>Im schatten der Confessio Augustana. Die Religionsverhandlungen des Augeburer Reichstages 1530 im historischen Kontext</i>, H. Immenkötter and G. Wenz, eds., (Münster: Aschendorff, 1997), 98-126; cf. Roland F. Ziegler, "The New Translation of the Book of Concord: Closing the barn door after ....", <i>Concordia Theological Quarterly</i> 66 (April 2002) 2:150.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Book of Concord" The Confessions of the Evangelical Lutheran Church</i>, Robert Kolb and Timothy J. Wengert, eds., (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2000), 107-09.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roland F. Ziegler, "The New Translation of the Book of Concord: Closing the barn door after ....", <i>Concordia Theological Quarterly</i> 66 (April 2002) 2:150-51.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apology_of_the_Augsburg_Confession&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bookofconcord.org/apology-of-the-augsburg-confession/"><i>Apology</i> (HTML)</a> - bookofconcord.org</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/6744"><i>Apology</i> (Plain Text Download)</a> - Project Gutenberg</li> <li><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/search?title=The+Defense+of+the+Augsburg+Confession&author=MELANCHTHON&reader=&keywords=&genre_id=0&status=all&project_type=either&recorded_language=&sort_order=catalog_date&search_page=1&search_form=advanced"><i>The Defense of the Augsburg Confession</i></a> public domain audiobook at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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