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<span>Council</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indian_subcontinent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indian_subcontinent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Indian subcontinent</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Indian_subcontinent-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Indian subcontinent subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Indian_subcontinent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mughal_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mughal_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Mughal Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mughal_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maratha_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maratha_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Maratha period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maratha_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Among_Hindus_and_Sikhs_of_Punjab_and_Bengal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Among_Hindus_and_Sikhs_of_Punjab_and_Bengal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Among Hindus and Sikhs of Punjab and Bengal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Among_Hindus_and_Sikhs_of_Punjab_and_Bengal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chhattisgarhi_Rajput-Brahmins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chhattisgarhi_Rajput-Brahmins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Chhattisgarhi Rajput-Brahmins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chhattisgarhi_Rajput-Brahmins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diwani_in_British_India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diwani_in_British_India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Diwani in British India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diwani_in_British_India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diwani_in_French_India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diwani_in_French_India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Diwani in French India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diwani_in_French_India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nepal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nepal"> <div 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href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="দেওয়ান – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দেওয়ান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diwan_(c%C3%A0rrec)" title="Diwan (càrrec) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Diwan (càrrec)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewan" title="Dewan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dewan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ದಿವಾನ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ದಿವಾನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB" title="ദിവാൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ദിവാൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3" title="ディーワーン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ディーワーン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diwan" title="Diwan – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Diwan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਦੀਵਾਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਦੀਵਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A8)" title="دیوان (لقب) – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="دیوان (لقب)" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diwan_(Indie)" title="Diwan (Indie) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Diwan (Indie)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divan_(titel)" title="Divan (titel) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Divan (titel)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D)" title="திவான் (பிரதம 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Powerful government official in the context of Islamic history</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the bureaucratic title in various Islamic countries and in the Punjab region. For the government ministry headed by a dewan, see <a href="/wiki/Divan" title="Divan">Divan</a>. For the genre of poetic anthology, see <a href="/wiki/Diwan_(poetry)" title="Diwan (poetry)">Diwan (poetry)</a>. For the Nepali ethnic group Dewan, see <a href="/wiki/Yakkha_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Yakkha (disambiguation)">Yakkha</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Divan_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Divan (disambiguation)">Divan (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Dewan" title="Special:EditPage/Dewan">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Dewan%22">"Dewan"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Dewan%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Dewan%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Dewan%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Dewan%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Dewan%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p><i><b>Dewan</b></i> (also known as <i><b>diwan</b></i>, sometimes spelled <i><b>devan</b></i> or <i><b>divan</b></i>) designated a powerful government official, minister, or ruler. A <i>dewan</i> was the head of a state institution of the same name (see <a href="/wiki/Divan" title="Divan">Divan</a>). Diwans belonged to the elite families in the history of Mughal and post-Mughal India and held high posts within the government. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Divan" title="Divan">Divan</a></div> <p>The word is Persian in origin and was loaned into Arabic. The original meaning was "bundle (of written sheets)", hence "book", especially "book of accounts," and hence "office of accounts," "custom house," "council chamber". The meaning of the word, <i><a href="/wiki/Divan_(furniture)" title="Divan (furniture)">divan</a></i> "long, cushioned seat" is due to such seats having been found along the walls in Middle Eastern council chambers. It is a common surname among Sikhs in Punjab.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Council">Council</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Council"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word first appears under the <a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">Caliphate</a> of <a href="/wiki/Omar" class="mw-redirect" title="Omar">Omar I</a> (A.D. 634–644). As the Caliphate state became more complicated, the term was extended over all the government bureaus.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <i>divan of the <a href="/wiki/Sublime_Porte" title="Sublime Porte">Sublime Porte</a></i> was the council or <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_(government)" title="Cabinet (government)">Cabinet</a> of the state. In the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, it consisted of the usually (except in the <a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">Sultan</a>'s presence) presiding <a href="/wiki/Grand_Vizier" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Vizier">Grand Vizier</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Vizier" title="Vizier">viziers</a>, and occasionally the <a href="/wiki/Janissary" title="Janissary">Janissary</a> Ağa.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 19th-century <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ad_hoc_Divan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ad hoc Divan">Ad hoc Divan</a> was a body which played a role in the country's development towards independence from Ottoman rule.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Javanese_language" title="Javanese language">Javanese</a> and related languages (such as <a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Borrowing_(linguistics)" title="Borrowing (linguistics)">borrowed</a> word "dewan" is the standard word for council, as in the <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id"><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Perwakilan_Rakyat" class="mw-redirect" title="Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat">Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat</a></i></span> (or Indonesia's Council of People's Representatives) and Dewan Undangan Negeri (<a href="/wiki/State_legislative_assemblies_of_Malaysia" title="State legislative assemblies of Malaysia">State Legislative Assembly of Malaysia</a>), Dewan Rakyat (<a href="/wiki/Dewan_Rakyat" title="Dewan Rakyat">House of Representatives of Malaysia</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Dewan_Negara" title="Dewan Negara">Dewan Negara</a> (<a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate of Malaysia">Senate of Malaysia</a>).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Title"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Indian_subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Indian subcontinent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mughal_Empire">Mughal Empire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Mughal Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the effective rule of <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal India</a>, the <i>Dewan</i> served as the chief revenue officer of a province.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later, when most vassal states gained various degrees of <a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">self-determination</a>, the finance — and/or chief minister and leader of many <a href="/wiki/Princely_state" title="Princely state">princely states</a> (especially <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a>, but also many <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Baroda" class="mw-redirect" title="Baroda">Baroda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyderabad state">Hyderabad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mysore" title="Mysore">Mysore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kochi_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kochi (India)">Kochi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Travancore" title="Travancore">Travancore</a> — referred to as <i>Dalawa</i> until 1811) became known as a <i>dewan</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Exceptionally, a ruler was himself titled Dewan or a loftier variation, notably: </p> <ul><li>in <a href="/wiki/Beri_State" title="Beri State">Beri-Bundelkhand</a></li> <li>in <a href="/wiki/Dhurwai_State" title="Dhurwai State">Dhurwai</a></li> <li>in <a href="/wiki/Jaso_State" title="Jaso State">Jaso</a> (Jassu) and in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandhora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bandhora (page does not exist)">Bandhora</a> (which was split from the former c. 1750)</li> <li>in <a href="/wiki/Khilchipur" title="Khilchipur">Khilchipur</a> until 1873, then <a href="/wiki/Rai_Bahadur" title="Rai Bahadur">Rai Bahadur</a></li> <li>in <a href="/wiki/Junagadh" title="Junagadh">Junagadh</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Shah_Nawaz_Bhutto" title="Shah Nawaz Bhutto">Shah Nawaz Bhutto</a> was the prime minister of the former princely state.</li> <li><i>Diwan Sahib</i> or <i>Diwan Bahadur</i> in <a href="/wiki/Garrauli_State" title="Garrauli State">Garrauli State</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maratha_period">Maratha period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Maratha period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a title used in various Early Modern Indian states, <i>Diwan</i> denoted the highest officials in the court after the king; the suffix <a href="/wiki/-ji" title="-ji">-ji</a> is added as a mark of respect in India.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the major <a href="/wiki/List_of_Maratha_dynasties_and_states" title="List of Maratha dynasties and states">Maratha states</a> of Baroda (ruled by the Gaekwad), Gwalior (ruled by Scindias or Shinde), Indore (ruled by Holkar), and Nagpur (<a href="/wiki/Bhonsles_of_Nagpur" title="Bhonsles of Nagpur">ruled by Bhonsle, but not from the Chhatrapati Shivaji family</a>), the highest officer after the king was called the Diwan. </p><p>One of the examples – Shrimant Diwan/Rao Bahadur Atmaram Kulkarni, was the Diwan (Prime Minister) of Maratha <a href="/wiki/Jamkhandi_State" title="Jamkhandi State">Jamkhandi State</a>. In the 19th century, the British Parliament established in British India a supreme court for revenue matters (non-criminal matters) named the "<a href="/wiki/Sudder_Dewanny_Adawlut" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudder Dewanny Adawlut">Sudder Dewanny Adawlut</a>", which applied Hindu law.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mill_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mill-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Among_Hindus_and_Sikhs_of_Punjab_and_Bengal">Among Hindus and Sikhs of Punjab and Bengal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Among Hindus and Sikhs of Punjab and Bengal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dewan, Diwan, Divan, or Deo was the hereditary title borne by the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Minister">Chief Minister</a> of the Hindu <a href="/wiki/Cooch_Behar_State" title="Cooch Behar State">Cooch State</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Bengal_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengal region">Bengal region</a>. </p><p>Diwan also became a surname of high-caste Hindus or Sikhs in the <a href="/wiki/Punjab_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab region">Punjab region</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chhattisgarhi_Rajput-Brahmins">Chhattisgarhi Rajput-Brahmins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Chhattisgarhi Rajput-Brahmins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is also a community with the surname <i>Diwan</i> found in <a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh" title="Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a>, near the <a href="/wiki/Bilaspur,_Chhattisgarh" title="Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh">Bilaspur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Janjgir%E2%80%93Champa_district" title="Janjgir–Champa district">Janjgir-Champa</a> regions. This is a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brahmin-Rajput&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brahmin-Rajput (page does not exist)">Brahmin-Rajput</a> community descendant from Deo Brahmin-Rajputs who migrated from <a href="/wiki/Purvanchal" title="Purvanchal">Purvanchal</a> in <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a>. The males in this community take the title Dhar (e.g., Mohan Dhar Diwan, a high-ranked member of <a href="/wiki/Vishva_Hindu_Parishad" title="Vishva Hindu Parishad">Vishwa Hindu Parishad</a>). They had a fight with the royal family of Ratanpur, defeated the king, and started ruling the Ratanpur estate. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diwani_in_British_India">Diwani in British India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Diwani in British India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Buxar" title="Battle of Buxar">Battle of Buxar</a>, when <a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a> was annexed by the <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a> in 1764, the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal Emperor">Mughal Emperor</a> granted the Company the <i>Diwani</i> (the right to collect revenue) in Bengal and Bihar in 1765.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mill_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mill-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term <i>Diwani</i> thus referred to British (fiscal) <a href="/wiki/Suzerainty" title="Suzerainty">suzerainty</a> over parts of India during the early British Raj. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diwani_in_French_India">Diwani in French India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Diwani in French India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/French_India" title="French India">French India</a>, one of its constituent colonies, <a href="/wiki/Yanam,_French_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanam, French India">Yanaon</a>, had <a href="/wiki/Zamindar" title="Zamindar">Zamindar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diwan_Bahadur" class="mw-redirect" title="Diwan Bahadur">Diwan</a>. They were active in its local and municipal administration during French rule. The Zamindar of Yanam was given a 4-gun salute by French counterparts.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zamindar" title="Zamindar">Zamindar</a> — <a href="/wiki/Manion" title="Manion">Manion</a> Canacaya</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diwan_Bahadur" class="mw-redirect" title="Diwan Bahadur">Diwan</a> — <a href="/wiki/Bouloussou_Soubramaniam_Sastroulou" class="mw-redirect" title="Bouloussou Soubramaniam Sastroulou">Bouloussou Soubramaniam Sastroulou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">Sovereignty</a> — <a href="/wiki/French_Colonial_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="French Colonial Empire">French Colonial Empire</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nepal">Nepal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Nepal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The document dated <a href="/wiki/Bikram_Samvat" class="mw-redirect" title="Bikram Samvat">Bikram Samvat</a> 1833 <a href="/wiki/Bhadra_(Nepali_calendar)" title="Bhadra (Nepali calendar)">Bhadra</a> Vadi 3 Roj 6 (i.e. Friday 2 August 1776), shows that <a href="/wiki/Vamsharaj_Pande" title="Vamsharaj Pande">Vamsharaj Pande</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swaroop_Singh_Karki" class="mw-redirect" title="Swaroop Singh Karki">Swaroop Singh Karki</a> had carried the title of Dewan (equivalent to Prime Minister) of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nepal" title="Kingdom of Nepal">Kingdom of Nepal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERegmi1975272_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERegmi1975272-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewan&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=divan">"Divan | Origin and meaning of divan by Online Etymology Dictionary"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Divan+%26%23124%3B+Origin+and+meaning+of+divan+by+Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fterm%3Ddivan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThangjam2014" class="citation journal cs1">Thangjam, Homen (Summer 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TZErDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA27">"Militarism, Human Rights, and Democracy in Northeast India"</a>. <i>Kangla Lanpung</i>. <b>VIII</b> (II). RK Sanatomba Memorial Trust,Imphal: 27–. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2321-2357">2321-2357</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kangla+Lanpung&rft.atitle=Militarism%2C+Human+Rights%2C+and+Democracy+in+Northeast+India&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=VIII&rft.issue=II&rft.pages=27-&rft.date=2014&rft.issn=2321-2357&rft.aulast=Thangjam&rft.aufirst=Homen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTZErDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://luthar.com/2014/05/06/the-meaning-of-the-term-ji-in-the-indian-culture-by-dr-harsh-k-luthar/">"The Meaning of the Term "Ji" in the Indian Culture: By Dr. Harsh K. Luthar"</a>. 6 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Meaning+of+the+Term+%22Ji%22+in+the+Indian+Culture%3A+By+Dr.+Harsh+K.+Luthar&rft.date=2014-05-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fluthar.com%2F2014%2F05%2F06%2Fthe-meaning-of-the-term-ji-in-the-indian-culture-by-dr-harsh-k-luthar%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Campbell, Lawrence Dundas (ed), Asiatic Annual Register for 1802, or A View of the History of Hindustan and of the Politics, Commerce and Literature of Asia, London, J. Debrett, 1803, footnote pp.97-100, Miscellaneous Tracts <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=byIoAAAAYAAJ&dq=Dewanny+Adawlut&pg=RA2-PA98">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mill-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mill_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mill_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Definition per James Mill (1826): "Dewan, Duan: place of assembly. Native minister of the revenue department; and chief justice, in civil causes, within his jurisdiction; receiver-general of a province. The term is also used, to designate the principal revenue servant under a European collector, and even of a Zemindar. By this title, the East India Company are receivers-general of the revenues of Bengal, under a grant from the Great Mogul"..."Dewanny, Duannee: the office, or jurisdiction of a Dewan" (Mill, James, The History of British India, Vol. 1 (of 6), 3rd Edition, London, 1826, Glossary <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/840">[2]</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobb2004" class="citation book cs1">Robb, Peter (2004). <i>A History of India</i>. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 116–147. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-333-69129-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-333-69129-8"><bdi>978-0-333-69129-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+India&rft.pages=116-147&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-333-69129-8&rft.aulast=Robb&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADewan" class="Z3988"></span> "Chapter 5: Early Modern India II: Company Raj", <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMetcalfMetcalf2006" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Barbara_D._Metcalf" title="Barbara D. Metcalf">Metcalf, Barbara D.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Metcalf" title="Thomas R. Metcalf">Metcalf, Thomas R.</a> (2006), <i>A Concise History of Modern India</i>, Cambridge University Press, pp. 56–91, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-139-45887-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-139-45887-0"><bdi>978-1-139-45887-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Concise+History+of+Modern+India&rft.pages=56-91&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-139-45887-0&rft.aulast=Metcalf&rft.aufirst=Barbara+D.&rft.au=Metcalf%2C+Thomas+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADewan" class="Z3988"></span> "Chapter 3: The East India Company Raj, 1772-1850," <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoseJalal2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sugata_Bose" title="Sugata Bose">Bose, Sugata</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ayesha_Jalal" title="Ayesha Jalal">Jalal, Ayesha</a> (2003). <i>Modern South Asia: History, Culture, Political Economy</i> (2nd ed.). Routledge. pp. 76–87. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-30787-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-30787-2"><bdi>0-415-30787-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+South+Asia%3A+History%2C+Culture%2C+Political+Economy&rft.pages=76-87&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-415-30787-2&rft.aulast=Bose&rft.aufirst=Sugata&rft.au=Jalal%2C+Ayesha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADewan" class="Z3988"></span> "Chapter 7: Company Raj and Indian Society 1757 to 1857, Reinvention and Reform of Tradition."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERegmi1975272-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERegmi1975272_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRegmi1975">Regmi 1975</a>, p. 272.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewan&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRegmi1975" class="citation cs2">Regmi, D.R. (1975), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=idJBAAAAYAAJ"><i>Modern Nepal</i></a>, vol. 1, Firma K.L. Mukhopadhyay, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0883864916" title="Special:BookSources/0883864916"><bdi>0883864916</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Nepal&rft.pub=Firma+K.L.+Mukhopadhyay&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=0883864916&rft.aulast=Regmi&rft.aufirst=D.R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DidJBAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADewan" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dewan&oldid=1225864437">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dewan&oldid=1225864437</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Titles_in_India" title="Category:Titles in India">Titles in India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Government_ministers" title="Category:Government ministers">Government ministers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_dewans" title="Category:Indian dewans">Indian dewans</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Titles_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Titles in Pakistan">Titles in Pakistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Titles_of_national_or_ethnic_leadership" title="Category:Titles of national or ethnic leadership">Titles of national or ethnic leadership</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bengali_words_and_phrases" title="Category:Bengali words and phrases">Bengali words and phrases</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Titles_in_Bangladesh" title="Category:Titles in Bangladesh">Titles in Bangladesh</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_August_2021" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from August 2021">Articles needing additional references from August 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_November_2022" title="Category:Use dmy dates from November 2022">Use dmy dates from November 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_August_2021" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2021">Articles with unsourced statements from August 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Indonesian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Indonesian-language text">Articles containing Indonesian-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 27 May 2024, at 05:26<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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