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</div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specialty_journals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specialty_journals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Specialty journals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specialty_journals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ingelfinger_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ingelfinger_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Ingelfinger rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ingelfinger_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vioxx_correction_controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vioxx_correction_controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Vioxx correction controversy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vioxx_correction_controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Open_access_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Open_access_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Open access policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Open_access_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Editors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Editors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Editors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Editors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span 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Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88_%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%BA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%81_%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86" title="نيو إنغلاند جورنال أوف ميديسين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نيو إنغلاند جورنال أوف ميديسين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine" title="The New England Journal of Medicine – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="The New England Journal of Medicine" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine" title="The New England Journal of Medicine – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="The New England Journal of Medicine" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_England_Journal_of_Medicine" title="New England Journal of Medicine – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="New England Journal of Medicine" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine" title="The New England Journal of Medicine – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="The New England Journal of Medicine" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine" title="The New England Journal of Medicine – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="The New England Journal of Medicine" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine" title="The New England Journal of Medicine – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="The New England Journal of Medicine" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_England_Journal_of_Medicine" title="New England Journal of Medicine – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="New England Journal of Medicine" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%BE%D8%B2%D8%B4%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF" title="ژورنال پزشکی نیوانگلند – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ژورنال پزشکی نیوانگلند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine" title="The New England Journal of Medicine – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="The New England Journal of Medicine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%89%B4%EC%9E%89%EA%B8%80%EB%9E%9C%EB%93%9C_%EC%A0%80%EB%84%90_%EC%98%A4%EB%B8%8C_%EB%A9%94%EB%94%94%EC%8A%A8" title="뉴잉글랜드 저널 오브 메디슨 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="뉴잉글랜드 저널 오브 메디슨" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine" title="The New England Journal of Medicine – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="The New England Journal of Medicine" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_England_Journal_of_Medicine" title="New England Journal of Medicine – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="New England Journal of Medicine" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine" title="The New England Journal of Medicine – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="The New England Journal of Medicine" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine" title="The New England Journal of Medicine – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="The New England Journal of Medicine" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine" title="The New England Journal of Medicine – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="The New England Journal of Medicine" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8A%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AA%E3%83%96%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A1%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%B3" title="ニューイングランド・ジャーナル・オブ・メディシン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ニューイングランド・ジャーナル・オブ・メディシン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine" title="The New England Journal of Medicine – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="The New England Journal of Medicine" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine" title="The New England Journal of Medicine – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="The New England Journal of Medicine" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine" title="The New England Journal of Medicine – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="The New England Journal of Medicine" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine" title="The New England Journal of Medicine – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="The New England Journal of Medicine" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%86%DA%A4%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B4%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88_%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF" title="گۆڤاری پزیشکی نیو ئینگلاند – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گۆڤاری پزیشکی نیو ئینگلاند" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_England_Journal_of_Medicine" title="New England Journal of Medicine – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="New England Journal of Medicine" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_England_Journal_of_Medicine" title="New England Journal of Medicine – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="New England Journal of Medicine" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="วารสารการแพทย์นิวอิงแลนด์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วารสารการแพทย์นิวอิงแลนด์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine" title="The New England Journal of Medicine – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="The New England Journal of Medicine" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine" title="The New England Journal of Medicine – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="The New England Journal of Medicine" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E6%9D%82%E5%BF%97" title="新英格兰医学杂志 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="新英格兰医学杂志" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q582728#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon 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class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England_Journal_of_Medicine&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="New England Journal of Medicine">New England Journal of Medicine</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Medicine" title="Journal of Medicine"><i>Journal of Medicine</i></a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Peer-reviewed medical journal</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Academic journal</div><div class="infobox-journal-search" style="display:none;"></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hproduct"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%;"><i><span class="fn">The New England Journal of Medicine</span></i><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.jtitle=The+New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.stitle=N.+Engl.+J.+Med.&rft.coden=NEJMAG&rft.issn=0028-4793&rft.eissn=1533-4406&rft_id=info:lccn/20020456&rft_id=info:oclcnum/231027780&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nejm.org%2F"></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine_logo.svg/200px-The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine_logo.svg/300px-The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine_logo.svg/400px-The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="349" data-file-height="58" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_academic_disciplines" title="Outline of academic disciplines">Discipline</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">Medicine</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Editor-in-chief" title="Editor-in-chief">Edited</a> by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Rubin" title="Eric Rubin">Eric Rubin</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#dfc;">Publication details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap">Former name(s)</span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;"><div style="font-style:italic;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><i>The New England Journal of Medicine and Surgery</i></li> <li><i>The New England Medical Review and Journal</i></li> <li><i>The Boston Medical and Surgical Journal</i></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">History</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;">1812–present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Academic_publishing" title="Academic publishing">Publisher</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Medical_Society" title="Massachusetts Medical Society">Massachusetts Medical Society</a> (United States)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Periodical_literature#Frequency" title="Periodical literature">Frequency</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;">weekly</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="Open access">Open access</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;">Delayed (6 months)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Impact_factor" title="Impact factor">Impact factor</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;">96.2 (2023)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#dfc;">Standard abbreviations<br /><span class="infobox-journal-search plainlinks" style="display:none;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://marcinwrochna.github.io/abbrevIso/?search=The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine">ISO 4</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.issn.org/services/online-services/access-to-the-ltwa/">alt</a>) <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Academic_Journals/Bluebook_journals" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Academic Journals/Bluebook journals">Bluebook</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://westerncriminology.org/publications/bluebook-abbreviations/">alt</a>)<br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=0028-4793%5BISSN%5D">NLM</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=The+New+England+Journal+of+Medicine%5BJournal%5D">alt</a>) <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/msnhtml/serials.pdf">MathSciNet</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet/search/journals.html?journalName=0028-4793&Submit=Search">alt</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Paid subscription required"><img alt="Paid subscription required" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="597" data-file-height="947" /></span></span>)</span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Bluebook" title="Bluebook">Bluebook</a></th><td class="infobox-data identifier" style="text-align:left;"><i><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r920966791">.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}</style><span class="smallcaps">New Eng. J. Med.</span></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_4" title="ISO 4">ISO 4</a></th><td class="infobox-data identifier" style="text-align:left;"><i>N. Engl. J. Med.</i></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#dfc;">Indexing<br /><span class="infobox-journal-search plainlinks" style="display:none;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cassi.cas.org/searching.jsp?searchIn=issns&c=WIy460-R_DY&searchFor=0028-4793">CODEN</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cassi.cas.org/searching.jsp?searchIn=issns&c=WIy460-R_DY&searchFor=1533-4406">alt</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cassi.cas.org/searching.jsp?searchIn=titles&c=WIy460-R_DY&searchFor=The+New+England+Journal+of+Medicine">alt2</a>) <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/journals/00284793">JSTOR</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/showJournals?browseType=title">alt</a>) <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/search?searchArg1=0028-4793&argType1=all&searchCode1=KNUM&searchType=2">LCCN</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/search?searchArg1=The+New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&argType1=all&searchCode1=KTIL&searchType=2">alt</a>)<br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://miar.ub.edu/issn/0028-4793">MIAR</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=0028-4793%5BISSN%5D">NLM</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=The+New+England+Journal+of+Medicine%5BJournal%5D">alt</a>) <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scopus.com/sources?sortField=citescore&sortDirection=desc&isHiddenField=false&field=issn&issn=0028-4793">Scopus</a></span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="type"><a href="/wiki/CODEN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CODEN (identifier)">CODEN</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cassi.cas.org/searching.jsp?searchIn=codens&exactMatch=y&c=WIy460-R_DY&searchFor=NEJMAG">NEJMAG</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="type"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;"><span class="value"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0028-4793">0028-4793</a></span> (print)<br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1533-4406">1533-4406</a> (web)<br /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="type"><a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/20020456">20020456</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="type"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> no.</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/231027780">231027780</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#dfc;">Links</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nejm.org/">Journal homepage</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nejm.org/toc/nejm/medical-journal">Online access</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nejm.org/medical-index">Online archive</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>The New England Journal of Medicine</b></i> (<i><b>NEJM</b></i>) is a weekly <a href="/wiki/Medical_journal" title="Medical journal">medical journal</a> published by the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Medical_Society" title="Massachusetts Medical Society">Massachusetts Medical Society</a>. Founded in 1812, the journal is among the most prestigious <a href="/wiki/Peer_review" title="Peer review">peer-reviewed</a> medical journals.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_200_years_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_200_years-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its 2023 impact factor was 96.2, ranking it 2nd out of 168 journals in the category "Medicine, General & Internal".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In September 1811, <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a> physician <a href="/wiki/John_Collins_Warren_(surgeon,_born_1778)" title="John Collins Warren (surgeon, born 1778)">John Collins Warren</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> along with James Jackson, submitted a formal prospectus to establish the <i>New England Journal of Medicine and Surgery and Collateral Branches of Science</i> as a medical and philosophical journal.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequently, the first issue of the <i>New England Journal of Medicine and Surgery and the Collateral Branches of Medical Science</i> was published in January 1812.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The journal was published quarterly.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1823, another publication, the <i>Boston Medical Intelligencer</i>, appeared under the editorship of <a href="/wiki/Jerome_V._C._Smith" title="Jerome V. C. Smith">Jerome V. C. Smith</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The editors of the <i>New England Journal of Medicine and Surgery and the Collateral Branches of Medical Science</i> purchased the weekly <i>Intelligencer</i> for $600 in 1828,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> merging the two publications to form the <i>Boston Medical and Surgical Journal</i>, and shifting from quarterly to weekly publication.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1921, the Massachusetts Medical Society purchased the <i>Journal</i> for US$1<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (equivalent to $17 in 2023) and, in 1928, renamed it to <i>The New England Journal of Medicine</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="title"><div>Evolution of the Journal</div></div><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:New_England_Journal_of_Medicine_(January_1,_1814_-_front_page).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="January 1814 edition of the Journal"><img alt="January 1814 edition of the Journal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/New_England_Journal_of_Medicine_%28January_1%2C_1814_-_front_page%29.jpg/119px-New_England_Journal_of_Medicine_%28January_1%2C_1814_-_front_page%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="119" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/New_England_Journal_of_Medicine_%28January_1%2C_1814_-_front_page%29.jpg/179px-New_England_Journal_of_Medicine_%28January_1%2C_1814_-_front_page%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/New_England_Journal_of_Medicine_%28January_1%2C_1814_-_front_page%29.jpg/238px-New_England_Journal_of_Medicine_%28January_1%2C_1814_-_front_page%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="922" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">January 1814 edition of the <i>Journal</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Medical_Intelligencer_(1823_edition_-_front_cover).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1823 Boston Medical Intelligencer"><img alt="1823 Boston Medical Intelligencer" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/The_Medical_Intelligencer_%281823_edition_-_front_cover%29.jpg/140px-The_Medical_Intelligencer_%281823_edition_-_front_cover%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/The_Medical_Intelligencer_%281823_edition_-_front_cover%29.jpg/210px-The_Medical_Intelligencer_%281823_edition_-_front_cover%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/The_Medical_Intelligencer_%281823_edition_-_front_cover%29.jpg/281px-The_Medical_Intelligencer_%281823_edition_-_front_cover%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="1026" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1823 <i>Boston Medical Intelligencer</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1828_bostmed.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="1828 Boston Medical and Surgical Journal"><img alt="1828 Boston Medical and Surgical Journal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/1828_bostmed.JPG/115px-1828_bostmed.JPG" decoding="async" width="115" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/1828_bostmed.JPG/173px-1828_bostmed.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/1828_bostmed.JPG/230px-1828_bostmed.JPG 2x" data-file-width="707" data-file-height="1227" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1828 <i>Boston Medical and Surgical Journal</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine_(cover)_%E2%80%93_23_February_1928.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="February 23, 1928, cover of The New England Journal of Medicine. First use of present name."><img alt="February 23, 1928, cover of The New England Journal of Medicine. First use of present name." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine_%28cover%29_%E2%80%93_23_February_1928.jpg/150px-The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine_%28cover%29_%E2%80%93_23_February_1928.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine_%28cover%29_%E2%80%93_23_February_1928.jpg/225px-The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine_%28cover%29_%E2%80%93_23_February_1928.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine_%28cover%29_%E2%80%93_23_February_1928.jpg/300px-The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine_%28cover%29_%E2%80%93_23_February_1928.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1243" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">February 23, 1928, cover of <i>The New England Journal of Medicine</i>. First use of present name.</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Logo">Logo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Logo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The journal's logo depicts the snake-wrapped <a href="/wiki/Rod_of_Asclepius" title="Rod of Asclepius">Rod of Asclepius</a> crossed over a <a href="/wiki/Quill" title="Quill">quill</a> pen. The dates on the logo represent the founding of the components of <i>The New England Journal of Medicine</i>: 1812 for the <i>New England Journal of Medicine and Surgery and Collateral Branches of Medical Science</i>, 1823 for the <i>Boston Medical Intelligencer</i>, 1828 for the <i>Boston Medical and Surgical Journal</i>, and 1928 for the <i>New England Journal of Medicine</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_articles">Notable articles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notable articles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Notable articles from the course of <i>The New England Journal of Medicine</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'s</span> history include:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style></p><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>In November 1846, the New England Journal of Medicine published a report by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Jacob_Bigelow" title="Henry Jacob Bigelow">Henry Jacob Bigelow</a> on the first public demonstration of a generalized anesthetic. The agent was inhaled ether, the first modern anesthetic.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This allowed patients to remain sedated during operations ranging from <a href="/wiki/Dental_extraction" title="Dental extraction">dental extraction</a> to <a href="/wiki/Amputation" title="Amputation">amputation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bigelow1846_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bigelow1846-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "A patient has been rendered completely insensible during an amputation of the thigh, regain consciousness after a short interval," Bigelow wrote. "Other severe operations have been performed without the knowledge of the patients."</li> <li>In June 1906, <a href="/wiki/James_Homer_Wright" title="James Homer Wright">James Homer Wright</a> published an article that described how he stained and studied <a href="/wiki/Bone_marrow" title="Bone marrow">bone marrow</a> with descriptions of what are now known as <a href="/wiki/Megakaryocytes" class="mw-redirect" title="Megakaryocytes">megakaryocytes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Platelets" class="mw-redirect" title="Platelets">platelets</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wright1906_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wright1906-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In October 1872, a lecture by <a href="/wiki/Charles-%C3%89douard_Brown-S%C3%A9quard" title="Charles-Édouard Brown-Séquard">Charles-Édouard Brown-Séquard</a> was published that proposed the then-revolutionary idea that one <a href="/wiki/Cerebral_hemisphere" title="Cerebral hemisphere">cerebral hemisphere</a> can influence both sides of the body. The neurologist would go on to describe what is now known as the <a href="/wiki/Brown-S%C3%A9quard_syndrome" title="Brown-Séquard syndrome">Brown-Séquard syndrome</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown-SequardWebber1872_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown-SequardWebber1872-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In June 1948, <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Farber" title="Sidney Farber">Sidney Farber</a> reported promising results in treatment of early childhood <a href="/wiki/Leukemia" title="Leukemia">leukemia</a>. Based on anecdotal evidence that children with acute leukemia worsened if they were given <a href="/wiki/Folic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Folic acid">folic acid</a>, he worked on blocking folic acid metabolism. His team gave 16 infants and children with <a href="/wiki/Acute_lymphoblastic_leukemia" title="Acute lymphoblastic leukemia">acute lymphoblastic leukemia</a> a folic acid inhibitor, <a href="/wiki/Aminopterin" title="Aminopterin">aminopterin</a>—10 showed improvement by clinical and hematologic parameters after three months.<sup id="cite_ref-FarberDiamond1948_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FarberDiamond1948-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his article, Farber advised receiving the results cautiously: "It is again emphasized that these remissions are temporary in character and that the substance is toxic and may be productive of even greater disturbances than have been encountered so far in our studies," he wrote. "No evidence has been mentioned in this report that would justify the suggestion of the term 'cure' of acute leukemia in children."</li> <li>In November 1952, cardiologist <a href="/wiki/Paul_Zoll" title="Paul Zoll">Paul Zoll</a> published an early report on resuscitation of the heart. "The purpose of this report is to describe the successful use in 2 patients of a quick, simple, effective and safe method of arousing the heart from ventricular standstill by an artificial, external, electric pacemaker", he wrote. "For the first time it was possible to keep a patient alive during <a href="/wiki/Ventricular_asystole" class="mw-redirect" title="Ventricular asystole">ventricular asystole</a> lasting for hours to days. This procedure may prove valuable in many clinical situations."<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In February 1973, <i>NEJM</i> published the first report of polyp removal using a <a href="/wiki/Colonoscope" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonoscope">colonoscope</a> and introduced a procedure during screening to reduce cancer risk. The authors reported on 218 patients, from whom they removed 303 polyps (at one or more procedures per patient).<sup id="cite_ref-WolffShinya1973_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WolffShinya1973-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Addiction_Rare_in_Patients_Treated_with_Narcotics" title="Addiction Rare in Patients Treated with Narcotics">A letter</a> published in the <i>NEJM</i> in 1980 was later described by the journal as having been "heavily and uncritically cited"<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to claim that addiction due to use of opioids was rare, and its publication in such an authoritative journal was used by <a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry" title="Pharmaceutical industry">pharmaceutical companies</a> to push widespread use of <a href="/wiki/Opioid" title="Opioid">opioid</a> drugs, leading to <a href="/wiki/Opioid_epidemic_in_the_United_States" title="Opioid epidemic in the United States">an addiction crisis in the U.S.</a> and other countries.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In December 1981, two landmark articles<sup id="cite_ref-GottliebSchroff1981_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GottliebSchroff1981-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MasurMichelis1981_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MasurMichelis1981-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> described the clinical course of four patients—first reported in the CDC's June 1981 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report—with the disease that would come to be known as <a href="/wiki/AIDS" class="mw-redirect" title="AIDS">AIDS</a>.</li> <li>In April 2001, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Druker" title="Brian Druker">Brian Druker</a> et al. reported a targeted therapy for <a href="/wiki/Chronic_myelogenous_leukemia" title="Chronic myelogenous leukemia">chronic myelogenous leukemia</a>. Based on the knowledge that BCR-ABL, a constitutively activated <a href="/wiki/Tyrosine_kinase" title="Tyrosine kinase">tyrosine kinase</a>, causes CML, the authors tested with success an inhibitor of this tyrosine kinase in patients who had failed first-line therapy. The finding helped begin the era of designing cancer drugs to target specific molecular abnormalities.<sup id="cite_ref-DrukerTalpaz2001_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DrukerTalpaz2001-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In October 2020, the journal published an editorial, signed by all 34 editors, in which they condemned the <a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">Trump administration</a>'s handling of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> saying that "they are dangerously incompetent" and that "they have taken a crisis and turned it into a tragedy." This is the first time <i>NEJM</i> has ever supported or condemned a political candidate and only three other times in history has an editorial been signed by all the editors.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In April 2021, <a href="/wiki/Robin_Carhart-Harris" title="Robin Carhart-Harris">Robin Carhart-Harris</a> et al. demonstrated that in the pharmacological treatment of <a href="/wiki/Major_depressive_disorder" title="Major depressive disorder">major depressive disorder</a>, there was no significant difference in <a href="/wiki/Antidepressant" title="Antidepressant">antidepressant</a> effects between the <a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_drug" title="Psychedelic drug">psychedelic drug</a> <a href="/wiki/Psilocybin" title="Psilocybin">psilocybin</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Selective_serotonin_reuptake_inhibitor" title="Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor">SSRI</a> <a href="/wiki/Escitalopram" title="Escitalopram">escitalopram</a> after six weeks.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Significant doses of psilocybin were only administered twice in the six-week period, while escitalopram was taken daily. This was the first time psychedelics and SSRIs were compared in the treatment of depression.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Social_media">Social media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Social media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On April 25, 1996, the <i>NEJM</i> announced a new web site, which published each week the abstracts for research articles and the full text of editorials, cases, and letters to the editor. After print publishing for 184 years this was the <i>NEJM</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s first use of the Internet for electronic publication.<sup id="cite_ref-Campion1996_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campion1996-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The site was launched several months earlier in 1996, but the editors wanted proof that weekly electronic publication would work. Only then was an announcement approved for publication on the editorial page. In 1997, the website included prepublication releases of certain articles prior to their print publication.<sup id="cite_ref-prepub-online_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prepub-online-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1998, online publication extended to include the full text of all its articles from 1993 forward.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since its launch, <i>NEJM</i> has added to its site:<sup id="cite_ref-nejm200_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nejm200-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Videos in Clinical Medicine, peer-reviewed educational videos to teach procedures requiring skilled techniques and specialized physical examination.<sup id="cite_ref-McMahonIngelfinger2006_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McMahonIngelfinger2006-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Interactive Medical Cases, which mimic a clinical encounter by presenting the patient's history with results of the physical examination and laboratory and radiographic tests. Multiple-choice questions throughout test the taker's knowledge.<sup id="cite_ref-McMahonSolomon2009_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McMahonSolomon2009-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>NEJM Archive, the entire collection of the journal's published material.<sup id="cite_ref-nejm200_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nejm200-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence">Influence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/George_Polk_Awards" title="George Polk Awards">George Polk Awards</a> site noted that its 1977 award to <i>The New England Journal of Medicine</i>: "...provided the first significant mainstream visibility for a publication that would achieve enormous attention and prestige in the ensuing decades."<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The journal usually has the highest <a href="/wiki/Impact_factor" title="Impact factor">impact factor</a> of the journals of <a href="/wiki/Internal_medicine" title="Internal medicine">internal medicine</a>. According to the <a href="/wiki/Journal_Citation_Reports" title="Journal Citation Reports">Journal Citation Reports</a>, <i>NEJM</i> had a 2017 impact factor of 79.258,<sup id="cite_ref-NEJM_Fact_Sheet_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NEJM_Fact_Sheet-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ranking it first of 153 journals in the category "General & Internal Medicine".<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the only journal in the category with an impact factor of more than 70. By comparison, the second and third ranked journals in the category (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet">The Lancet</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/JAMA_(journal)" class="mw-redirect" title="JAMA (journal)"><i>JAMA</i></a>) had impact factors of 53.254 and 47.661 respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Dalrymple" title="Theodore Dalrymple">Theodore Dalrymple</a> feels that this influence is unwarranted. In <i>False Positive: A Year of Error, Omission, and Political Correctness in the New England Journal of Medicine</i>, he examines various articles on medical and social issues that the <i>NEJM</i> published over the course of a year. He found that many arrived at conclusions which were not supported by the evidence presented, or ignored easily available evidence that contradicted their conclusions.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specialty_journals">Specialty journals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Specialty journals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2022, NEJM set up a new sub-journal, <i>NEJM Evidence</i>. NEJM Evidence is a monthly digital journal featuring original research. It focuses on clinical trials and decision making. </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Academic journal</div><div class="infobox-journal-search" style="display:none;"></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox hproduct"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%;"><i><span class="fn">NEJM Evidence</span></i><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.jtitle=NEJM+Evidence&rft.stitle=NEJM+Evid.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fevidence.nejm.org%2F"></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NEJM_Evidence_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/NEJM_Evidence_logo.svg/200px-NEJM_Evidence_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/NEJM_Evidence_logo.svg/300px-NEJM_Evidence_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/NEJM_Evidence_logo.svg/400px-NEJM_Evidence_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="191" data-file-height="70" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_academic_disciplines" title="Outline of academic disciplines">Discipline</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">Medicine</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Editor-in-chief" title="Editor-in-chief">Edited</a> by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_M._Drazen" title="Jeffrey M. Drazen">Jeffrey M. Drazen</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#dfc;">Publication details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">History</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;">2022–present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Academic_publishing" title="Academic publishing">Publisher</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">NEJM Group (United States)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Periodical_literature#Frequency" title="Periodical literature">Frequency</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;">monthly</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#dfc;">Standard abbreviations<br /><span class="infobox-journal-search plainlinks" style="display:none;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://marcinwrochna.github.io/abbrevIso/?search=NEJM_Evidence">ISO 4</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.issn.org/services/online-services/access-to-the-ltwa/">alt</a>) <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Academic_Journals/Bluebook_journals" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Academic Journals/Bluebook journals">Bluebook</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://westerncriminology.org/publications/bluebook-abbreviations/">alt</a>)<br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=NEJM+Evidence%5BJournal%5D">NLM</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/msnhtml/serials.pdf">MathSciNet</a> </span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_4" title="ISO 4">ISO 4</a></th><td class="infobox-data identifier" style="text-align:left;"><i>NEJM Evid.</i></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#dfc;">Links</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://evidence.nejm.org/">Journal homepage</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ingelfinger_rule">Ingelfinger rule</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ingelfinger rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>The New England Journal of Medicine</i> requires that articles it publishes have not been published or released elsewhere. Referred to as the <a href="/wiki/Ingelfinger_rule" title="Ingelfinger rule">Ingelfinger rule</a>, the policy is intended to protect newsworthiness, and to subject research to peer review "before it is touted to the public or the profession".<sup id="cite_ref-ingelfinger_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ingelfinger-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1991, four types of exceptions were recognized, including when "prepublication release of research conclusions is warranted because of immediate implications for the public health".<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The rule was first described in a 1969 <a href="/wiki/Editorial" title="Editorial">editorial</a>, "Definition of Sole Contribution", by <a href="/wiki/Franz_Ingelfinger" class="mw-redirect" title="Franz Ingelfinger">Franz Ingelfinger</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Editor-in-chief" title="Editor-in-chief">editor-in-chief</a> at that time.<sup id="cite_ref-ingelfinger_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ingelfinger-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A number of <a href="/wiki/Medical_journals" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical journals">medical journals</a> have similar rules in place.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vioxx_correction_controversy">Vioxx correction controversy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Vioxx correction controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Vioxx#VIGOR_study_and_publishing_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="Vioxx">VIGOR study and publishing controversy</a></div> <p>In the early 2000s, <i>The New England Journal of Medicine</i> was involved in a controversy around problems with research on the drug <a href="/wiki/Rofecoxib" title="Rofecoxib">Vioxx</a>. A study was published in the journal in November 2000 which noted an increase in <a href="/wiki/Myocardial_infarction" title="Myocardial infarction">myocardial infarction</a> amongst those taking Vioxx.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Richard_Smith_(editor)" title="Richard Smith (editor)">Richard Smith</a>, the former editor of the <i><a href="/wiki/BMJ" class="mw-redirect" title="BMJ">British Medical Journal</a></i>, concerns about the correctness of that study were raised with the journal's editor, <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_M._Drazen" title="Jeffrey M. Drazen">Jeff Drazen</a>, as early as August 2001. That year, both the US <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> and the <i>Journal of the American Medical Association</i> also cast doubt on the validity of the data interpretation that had been published in the <i>NEJM</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-BMJ_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BMJ-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Merck_%26_Co." title="Merck & Co.">Merck</a> withdrew the drug from market in September 2004. In December 2005, <i>NEJM</i> published an expression of concern about the original study following discovery that the authors knew more about certain adverse events than they disclosed at the time of publication. From the Expression of Concern: "Until the end of November 2005, we believed that these were late events that were not known to the authors in time to be included in the article published in the Journal on November 23, 2000. It now appears, however, from a memorandum dated July 5, 2000, that was obtained by subpoena in the Vioxx litigation and made available to the Journal, that at least two of the authors knew about the three additional myocardial infarctions at least two weeks before the authors submitted the first of two revisions and 4 1/2 months before publication of the article."<sup id="cite_ref-NEJM_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NEJM-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the five-year period between publication and Expression of Concern, it has been estimated that Merck paid <i>NEJM</i> as much as US$836,000 for article reprints that Merck used for promotional purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The journal was publicly rebuked for its response to the research issues in editorials appearing in publications including the <i>British Medical Journal</i><sup id="cite_ref-BMJ_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BMJ-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_Royal_Society_of_Medicine" title="Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine">Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-JRS_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JRS-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Open_access_policy">Open access policy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Open access policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>NEJM makes articles that meet the criteria for global and public health importance freely available to all readers upon publication at NEJM.org. NEJM also partners with Research4Life in their Access to Research in Health (Hinari) program to grant to low-income countries immediate free access to NEJM.org. </p><p>NEJM does not charge authors any submission or publication fees. NEJM also works with authors whose articles report research supported by funding bodies with open access mandates, including (but not limited to) Plan S funders and the U.S. government, including NIH, to ensure that authors are able to meet their funders’ requirements for public access to research results. </p><p>For research articles submitted before February 1, 2024, NEJM makes the full-text Version of Record available at NEJM.org six months after publication. For research articles submitted on or after February 1, 2024, NEJM will provide authors with a PDF file of the Author Accepted Manuscript that may be deposited in a noncommercial repository after publication.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>NEJM</i> also has two <a href="/wiki/Podcast" title="Podcast">podcast</a> features, one with interviews of doctors and researchers that are publishing in the journal, and another summarizing the content of each issue. Other offerings include Continuing Medical Education, Videos in Clinical Medicine (showing videos of medical procedures), and the weekly Image Challenge. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Editors">Editors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Editors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Prentice_Bowers" title="Walter Prentice Bowers">Walter Prentice Bowers</a>, 1921–1937</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Nason_Nye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Nason Nye (page does not exist)">Robert Nason Nye</a>, 1937–1947</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Garland_(pediatrician)" title="Joseph Garland (pediatrician)">Joseph Garland</a>, 1947–1967</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_J._Ingelfinger" title="Franz J. Ingelfinger">Franz J. Ingelfinger</a>, 1967–1977</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_S._Relman" title="Arnold S. Relman">Arnold S. Relman</a>, 1977–1991</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_P._Kassirer" title="Jerome P. Kassirer">Jerome P. Kassirer</a>, 1991–1999</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcia_Angell" title="Marcia Angell">Marcia Angell</a>, 1999–2000</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_M._Drazen" title="Jeffrey M. Drazen">Jeffrey M. Drazen</a>, 2000–2019</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Rubin" title="Eric Rubin">Eric Rubin</a>, 2019–present</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medical_journals" title="List of medical journals">List of medical journals</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NYT_200_years-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYT_200_years_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFZuger2012" class="citation news cs1">Zuger, Abigail (March 19, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/20/science/200-years-of-the-new-england-journal-of-medicine.html">"A journal stands out in prestige and longevity"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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