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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Vsebina</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">prestavi v stransko letvico</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Uvod</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Opis_poskusa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opis_poskusa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Opis poskusa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opis_poskusa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kemizem_poskusa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kemizem_poskusa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kemizem poskusa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kemizem_poskusa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Podobni_poskusi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Podobni_poskusi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Podobni poskusi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Podobni_poskusi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ozračje_zgodnje_Zemlje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ozračje_zgodnje_Zemlje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ozračje zgodnje Zemlje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ozračje_zgodnje_Zemlje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Glej_tudi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Glej_tudi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Glej tudi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Glej_tudi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sklici" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sklici"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sklici</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sklici-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Vsebina" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Kazalo vsebine" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vklopi kazalo vsebine" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vklopi kazalo vsebine</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Miller–Ureyev poskus</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="P9jdi na članek v drugem jeziku. Na voljo v 50 jezikih." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50 jezikov</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B1-%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="تجربة ميلر-يوري – arabščina" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تجربة ميلر-يوري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%80-%D0%AE%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Експеримент на Милър-Юри – bolgarščina" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Експеримент на Милър-Юри" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bolgarščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="মিলার-উরের পরীক্ষা – bengalščina" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মিলার-উরের পরীক্ষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experiment_de_Miller_i_Urey" title="Experiment de Miller i Urey – katalonščina" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Experiment de Miller i Urey" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%82%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95%DB%8C_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%95%D8%B1_%E2%80%93_%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="تاقیکردنەوەی میلەر – یوری – osrednja kurdščina" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تاقیکردنەوەی میلەر – یوری" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="osrednja kurdščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miller%C5%AFv%E2%80%93Urey%C5%AFv_experiment" title="Millerův–Ureyův experiment – češčina" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Millerův–Ureyův experiment" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miller-Urey-eksperimentet" title="Miller-Urey-eksperimentet – danščina" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Miller-Urey-eksperimentet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miller-Urey-Experiment" title="Miller-Urey-Experiment – nemščina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Miller-Urey-Experiment" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CE%AF%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%B1_Miller-Urey" title="Πείραμα Miller-Urey – grščina" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πείραμα Miller-Urey" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miller%E2%80%93Urey_experiment" title="Miller–Urey experiment – angleščina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Miller–Urey experiment" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angleščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimento_de_Miller_y_Urey" title="Experimento de Miller y Urey – španščina" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Experimento de Miller y Urey" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milleri-Urey_eksperiment" title="Milleri-Urey eksperiment – estonščina" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Milleri-Urey eksperiment" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miller-Urey_esperimentua" title="Miller-Urey esperimentua – baskovščina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Miller-Urey esperimentua" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskovščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%B1%E2%80%93%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="آزمایش میلر–یوری – perzijščina" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آزمایش میلر–یوری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ureyn%E2%80%93Millerin_koe" title="Ureyn–Millerin koe – finščina" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ureyn–Millerin koe" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_de_Miller-Urey" title="Expérience de Miller-Urey – francoščina" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Expérience de Miller-Urey" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francoščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimento_de_Miller_e_Urey" title="Experimento de Miller e Urey – galicijščina" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Experimento de Miller e Urey" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%99_%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%A8-%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99" title="ניסוי מילר-יורי – hebrejščina" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ניסוי מילר-יורי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miller-Ureyev_eksperiment" title="Miller-Ureyev eksperiment – hrvaščina" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Miller-Ureyev eksperiment" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="hrvaščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miller%E2%80%93Urey-k%C3%ADs%C3%A9rlet" title="Miller–Urey-kísérlet – madžarščina" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Miller–Urey-kísérlet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="madžarščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AC%D5%A5%D6%80-%D5%88%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B5_%D6%83%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B1" title="Միլլեր-Ուրեյ փորձ – armenščina" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Միլլեր-Ուրեյ փորձ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percobaan_Miller%E2%80%93Urey" title="Percobaan Miller–Urey – indonezijščina" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Percobaan Miller–Urey" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperimento_di_Miller-Urey" title="Esperimento di Miller-Urey – italijanščina" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Esperimento di Miller-Urey" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italijanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A6%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC-%E3%83%9F%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%81%AE%E5%AE%9F%E9%A8%93" title="ユーリー-ミラーの実験 – japonščina" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ユーリー-ミラーの実験" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarmit_n_Miller%E2%80%93Urey" title="Tarmit n Miller–Urey – kabilščina" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tarmit n Miller–Urey" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabilščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%80%EB%9F%AC%EC%99%80_%EC%9C%A0%EB%A6%AC%EC%9D%98_%EC%8B%A4%ED%97%98" title="밀러와 유리의 실험 – korejščina" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="밀러와 유리의 실험" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milerio-Ur%C4%97jaus_eksperimentas" title="Milerio-Urėjaus eksperimentas – litovščina" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Milerio-Urėjaus eksperimentas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litovščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80-%D0%88%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Милер-Јуриев опит – makedonščina" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Милер-Јуриев опит" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%BC-%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" title="മില്ലർ-യൂറി പരീക്ഷണം – malajalamščina" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മില്ലർ-യൂറി പരീക്ഷണം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalamščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miller-Urey-experiment" title="Miller-Urey-experiment – nizozemščina" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Miller-Urey-experiment" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miller-Urey-eksperimentet" title="Miller-Urey-eksperimentet – knjižna norveščina" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Miller-Urey-eksperimentet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="knjižna norveščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B0-%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਮਿੱਲਰ-ਯੂਰੀ ਤਜਰਬਾ – pandžabščina" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਿੱਲਰ-ਯੂਰੀ ਤਜਰਬਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžabščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksperyment_Stanleya_Millera" title="Eksperyment Stanleya Millera – poljščina" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Eksperyment Stanleya Millera" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experi%C3%AAncia_de_Miller_e_Urey" title="Experiência de Miller e Urey – portugalščina" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Experiência de Miller e Urey" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimentul_Miller%E2%80%93Urey" title="Experimentul Miller–Urey – romunščina" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Experimentul Miller–Urey" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romunščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%E2%80%94_%D0%AE%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Эксперимент Миллера — Юри – ruščina" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эксперимент Миллера — Юри" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miller%E2%80%93Ureyjev_eksperiment" title="Miller–Ureyjev eksperiment – srbohrvaščina" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Miller–Ureyjev eksperiment" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srbohrvaščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miller%E2%80%93Urey_experiment" title="Miller–Urey experiment – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Miller–Urey experiment" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millerov-Ureyho_experiment" title="Millerov-Ureyho experiment – slovaščina" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Millerov-Ureyho experiment" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80-%D0%88%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Милер-Јуријев експеримент – srbščina" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Милер-Јуријев експеримент" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srbščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miller-Urey-experimentet" title="Miller-Urey-experimentet – švedščina" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miller-Urey_deneyi" title="Miller-Urey deneyi – turščina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Miller-Urey deneyi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%E2%80%94_%D0%AE%D1%80%D1%96" title="Експеримент Міллера — Юрі – ukrajinščina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Експеримент Міллера — Юрі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D8%B1_%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%92_%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%81" title="ملر یورے تجربہ – urdujščina" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ملر یورے تجربہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdujščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%AD_nghi%E1%BB%87m_Urey-Miller" title="Thí nghiệm Urey-Miller – vietnamščina" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thí nghiệm Urey-Miller" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a 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Tiskanje/izvoz </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Miller%E2%80%93Ureyev+poskus"><span>Ustvari e-knjigo</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:DownloadAsPdf&page=Miller%E2%80%93Ureyev_poskus&action=show-download-screen"><span>Prenesi kot PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miller%E2%80%93Ureyev_poskus&printable=yes" title="Različica te strani za tisk [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Različica za tisk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> V drugih projektih </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons 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vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Videz</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">prestavi v stransko letvico</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Iz Wikipedije, proste enciklopedije</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sl" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Slika:MUexperiment.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/MUexperiment.png/250px-MUexperiment.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/MUexperiment.png/375px-MUexperiment.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/MUexperiment.png/500px-MUexperiment.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Slikovni prikaz Miller–Ureyevega poskusa</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Miller–Ureyev poskus</b> ali <b>Miller–Ureyev eksperiment</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> je bil <a href="/wiki/Poskus" title="Poskus">poskus</a>, s pomočjo katerega so simulirali razmere, ki naj bi na vladale na zgodnji <a href="/wiki/Zemlja" title="Zemlja">Zemlji</a>, in ob tem testirali kemijski izvor <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDivljenje" title="Življenje">življenja</a>. Eksperiment se je v svoji osnovi opiral na hipotezo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Oparin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander Oparin (stran ne obstaja)">Alexandra Oparina</a> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=J._B._S._Haldane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J. B. S. Haldane (stran ne obstaja)">J. B. S. Haldana</a>, ki sta predpostavila, da so bile na primitivni Zemlji v prednosti tiste <a href="/wiki/Kemijska_reakcija" class="mw-redirect" title="Kemijska reakcija">kemijske reakcije</a>, ki so omogočale <a href="/wiki/Sinteza" title="Sinteza">sintezo</a> kompleksnejših <a href="/wiki/Organska_spojina" title="Organska spojina">organskih molekul</a> iz enostavnejših <a href="/wiki/Anorganska_spojina" title="Anorganska spojina">anorganskih predhodnikov</a> (prekurzorjev). Poskus, ki velja za klasični eksperiment preiskovanja abiogenetskega nastanka življenja (<a href="/wiki/Abiogeneza" title="Abiogeneza">abiogeneze</a>), je leta 1952 izvedel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Miller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanley Miller (stran ne obstaja)">Stanley Miller</a>, čigar mentor je bil <a href="/wiki/Harold_Clayton_Urey" title="Harold Clayton Urey">Harold Urey</a> iz <a href="/wiki/Univerza_v_Chicagu" title="Univerza v Chicagu">Univerze v Chicagu</a>, skupaj sta ga objavila leto kasneje.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Po Millerjevi smrti leta 2007 so strokovnjaki ponovno preučili shranjene steklenice iz originalnega eksperimenta in ob tem pokazali, da je bilo v vsebini več kot 20 različnih <a href="/wiki/Aminokislina" title="Aminokislina">aminokislin</a>, kar je precej več, kot je Miller trdil v raziskovalnem članku, in hkrati več kot tipičnih 20 aminokislin, ki se naravno pojavljajo v <a href="/wiki/Genetski_kod" title="Genetski kod">genetskem kodu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Novejši podatki kažejo, da naj bi se prvotna Zemljina <a href="/wiki/Atmosfera_Zemlje" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmosfera Zemlje">atmosfera</a> razlikovala od tiste, ki jo je Miller uporabil v svojem poskusu, še vedno pa naj bi takšne razmere omogočale nastanek kompleksnih molekul iz enostavnejših.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opis_poskusa">Opis poskusa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miller%E2%80%93Ureyev_poskus&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi razdelek: Opis poskusa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miller%E2%80%93Ureyev_poskus&action=edit&section=1" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Opis poskusa"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Miller-Urey_experiment_-_Work_by_the_C3BC_consortium%2C_licensed_under_CC-BY-3.0.webm/220px--Miller-Urey_experiment_-_Work_by_the_C3BC_consortium%2C_licensed_under_CC-BY-3.0.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="89" data-mwtitle="Miller-Urey_experiment_-_Work_by_the_C3BC_consortium,_licensed_under_CC-BY-3.0.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Slika:Miller-Urey_experiment_-_Work_by_the_C3BC_consortium,_licensed_under_CC-BY-3.0.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/Miller-Urey_experiment_-_Work_by_the_C3BC_consortium%2C_licensed_under_CC-BY-3.0.webm/Miller-Urey_experiment_-_Work_by_the_C3BC_consortium%2C_licensed_under_CC-BY-3.0.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/Miller-Urey_experiment_-_Work_by_the_C3BC_consortium%2C_licensed_under_CC-BY-3.0.webm/Miller-Urey_experiment_-_Work_by_the_C3BC_consortium%2C_licensed_under_CC-BY-3.0.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Miller-Urey_experiment_-_Work_by_the_C3BC_consortium%2C_licensed_under_CC-BY-3.0.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/Miller-Urey_experiment_-_Work_by_the_C3BC_consortium%2C_licensed_under_CC-BY-3.0.webm/Miller-Urey_experiment_-_Work_by_the_C3BC_consortium%2C_licensed_under_CC-BY-3.0.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/Miller-Urey_experiment_-_Work_by_the_C3BC_consortium%2C_licensed_under_CC-BY-3.0.webm/Miller-Urey_experiment_-_Work_by_the_C3BC_consortium%2C_licensed_under_CC-BY-3.0.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/Miller-Urey_experiment_-_Work_by_the_C3BC_consortium%2C_licensed_under_CC-BY-3.0.webm/Miller-Urey_experiment_-_Work_by_the_C3BC_consortium%2C_licensed_under_CC-BY-3.0.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/Miller-Urey_experiment_-_Work_by_the_C3BC_consortium%2C_licensed_under_CC-BY-3.0.webm/Miller-Urey_experiment_-_Work_by_the_C3BC_consortium%2C_licensed_under_CC-BY-3.0.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Videoposnetek, ki prikazuje potek poskusa.</figcaption></figure> <p>Pri eksperimentu so bili uporabljeni <a href="/wiki/Voda" title="Voda">voda</a> (H<sub>2</sub>O), <a href="/wiki/Metan" title="Metan">metan</a> (CH<sub>4</sub>), <a href="/wiki/Amonijak" title="Amonijak">amonijak</a> (NH<sub>3</sub>) in <a href="/wiki/Vodik" title="Vodik">vodik</a> (H<sub>2</sub>). <a href="/wiki/Kemikalija" title="Kemikalija">Kemikalije</a> so bile neprodušno zaprte v sterilni 5-litrski steklenici, ki je bila povezana s 500-mililitersko steklenico, do polovice napolnjeno z vodo. Vodo je nato Miller segreval, da bi vzpodbudil <a href="/wiki/Izhlapevanje" title="Izhlapevanje">izhlapevanje</a> (evaporacijo), vodni hlapi, ki so ob tem nastali, pa so imeli možnost prehajanja v večjo steklenico. Med <a href="/wiki/Elektroda" title="Elektroda">elektrodama</a> so se nenehno prožile <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dna_iskra" title="Električna iskra">električne iskre</a>, ki so simulirale <a href="/wiki/Nevihta" title="Nevihta">nevihtne</a> bliske primitivne Zemljine atmosfere. Zatem je bila ta simulacija prvinske atmosfere vnovič ohlajena, pri čemer je prišlo do <a href="/wiki/Kondenzacija" title="Kondenzacija">kondenzacije</a> vode in njenega prehajanja v stekleno cev oblike črke U, ki se je nahajala na spodnjem delu celotne aparature.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Po enem dnevu se je raztopina obarvala rožnato, po enem tednu pa je spremenila svojo barvo v rdečo in postala na pogled motna. Steklenica, v kateri je bila prvotno voda, je bila nato odstranjena, dodan je bil <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDivosrebrov(I)-klorid" title="Živosrebrov(I)-klorid">živosrebrov klorid</a>, da ni prišlo do kontaminacije z <a href="/wiki/Mikroorganizem" title="Mikroorganizem">mikroorganizmi</a>. Ob dodatku <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barijev_hidroksid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barijev hidroksid (stran ne obstaja)">barijevega hidroksida</a> in <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDveplova_kislina" title="Žveplova kislina">žveplove kisline</a> se je kemijska reakcija prekinila. S pomočjo <a href="/wiki/Kromatografija" title="Kromatografija">papirne kromatografije</a> je Miller v raztopini prepoznal pet različnih aminokislin: prisotnost <a href="/wiki/Glicin" title="Glicin">glicina</a>, α-<a href="/wiki/Alanin" title="Alanin">alanina</a> in β-alanina je bila potrjena, v nastali snovi pa naj bi bili tudi <a href="/wiki/Asparaginska_kislina" title="Asparaginska kislina">asparaginska kislina</a> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%91-aminomaslena_kislina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Α-aminomaslena kislina (stran ne obstaja)">α-aminomaslena kislina</a>, četudi njuna zastopanost zaradi komaj zaznavne reakcije na kromatografskem papirju ni bila tako gotova.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Spodaj je prikaz aminokislin, ki so nastale v originalni različici Miller–Ureyevega poskusa. Aminokisline so razvrščene glede na proteinogenost; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proteinogena_aminokislina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proteinogena aminokislina (stran ne obstaja)">proteinogene aminokisline</a> so tiste, ki sodelujejo v <a href="/wiki/Sinteza" title="Sinteza">biosintezi</a> beljakovin.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Aminokislina </th> <th scope="col">Miller–Urey<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1952)</span> </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Proteinogena </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Glicin" title="Glicin">Glicin</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Da" style="background: #DFD; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Da"><img alt="Da" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/13px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/20px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/26px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Da </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alanin" title="Alanin">α-Alanin</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Da" style="background: #DFD; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Da"><img alt="Da" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/13px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/20px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/26px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Da </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alanin" title="Alanin">β-Alanin</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Da" style="background: #DFD; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Da"><img alt="Da" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/13px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/20px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/26px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Ne </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asparaginska_kislina" title="Asparaginska kislina">Asparaginska kislina</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Da" style="background: #DFD; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Da"><img alt="Da" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/13px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/20px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/26px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Da </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%91-Aminomaslena_kislina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Α-Aminomaslena kislina (stran ne obstaja)">α-Aminomaslena kislina</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Da" style="background: #DFD; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Da"><img alt="Da" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/13px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/20px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/26px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Ne </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kemizem_poskusa">Kemizem poskusa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miller%E2%80%93Ureyev_poskus&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi razdelek: Kemizem poskusa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miller%E2%80%93Ureyev_poskus&action=edit&section=2" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Kemizem poskusa"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Enostopenjske kemijske reakcije med sestavinami prvotne raztopine lahko proizvedejo <a href="/wiki/Vodikov_cianid" class="mw-redirect" title="Vodikov cianid">vodikov cianid</a> (HCN), <a href="/wiki/Formaldehid" title="Formaldehid">formaldehid</a> (CH<sub>2</sub>O) in ostale <a href="/w/index.php?title=Intermediat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intermediat (stran ne obstaja)">intermediate</a>, kot so <a href="/wiki/Acetilen" title="Acetilen">acetilen</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cianoacetilen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cianoacetilen (stran ne obstaja)">cianoacetilen</a> in drugi.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>CO<sub>2</sub> → CO + [O] (atomarni kisik)</dd> <dd>CH<sub>4</sub> + 2[O] → CH<sub>2</sub>O + H<sub>2</sub>O</dd> <dd>CO + NH<sub>3</sub> → HCN + H<sub>2</sub>O</dd> <dd>CH<sub>4</sub> + NH<sub>3</sub> → HCN + 3H<sub>2</sub></dd></dl> <p>Formaldehid, amonijak in vodikov cianid zatem medsebojno reagirajo (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Streckerjeva_sinteza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Streckerjeva sinteza (stran ne obstaja)">Streckerjeva sinteza</a>), pri čemer nastajajo aminokisline in druge <a href="/wiki/Biomolekula" title="Biomolekula">biomolekule</a>. </p> <dl><dd>CH<sub>2</sub>O + HCN + NH<sub>3</sub> → NH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-CN + H<sub>2</sub>O</dd> <dd>NH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-CN + 2H<sub>2</sub>O → NH<sub>3</sub> + NH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-COOH (glicin)</dd></dl> <p>Nadalje lahko reagirata voda in formaldehid (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Butlerovova_reakcija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Butlerovova reakcija (stran ne obstaja)">Butlerovova reakcija</a>) in pri tem tvorita različne enostavne <a href="/wiki/Ogljikovi_hidrati" class="mw-redirect" title="Ogljikovi hidrati">ogljikove hidrate</a> (sladkorje), kot je denimo <a href="/wiki/Riboza" title="Riboza">riboza</a>. </p><p>Millerjev poskus je pokazal, da lahko enostavne organske molekule nastajajo iz plinastih snovi pod vplivom ustreznih pogojev in dovajanja <a href="/wiki/Energija" title="Energija">energije</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Podobni_poskusi">Podobni poskusi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miller%E2%80%93Ureyev_poskus&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi razdelek: Podobni poskusi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miller%E2%80%93Ureyev_poskus&action=edit&section=3" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Podobni poskusi"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Miller–Ureyev poskus je vzpodbudil izvajanje številnih podobnih eksperimentov. Leta 1961 je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joan_Oro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joan Oro (stran ne obstaja)">Joan Oro</a> ugotovil, da lahko <a href="/w/index.php?title=Du%C5%A1ikova_baza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dušikova baza (stran ne obstaja)">dušikova baza</a> <a href="/wiki/Adenin" title="Adenin">adenin</a> nastane iz vodikovega cianida (HCN) in amonijaka, ki se nahajata v vodnem mediju. V svojem poskusu je proizvedel velike količine adenina, čigar molekule so nastale iz samo petih molekul HCN.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hkrati lahko na tak način (iz vodikovega cianida in amonijaka) nastajajo tudi številne aminokisline.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eksperimenti, ki so jih izvedli nekoliko kasneje, so pokazali, da tudi ostale dušikove baze, ki jih najdemo v <a href="/wiki/RNK" class="mw-redirect" title="RNK">RNK</a> in <a href="/wiki/DNK" class="mw-redirect" title="DNK">DNK</a>, nastajajo v tovrstnih simulacijah primitivne Zemljine atmosfere, ki je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reducirajo%C4%8Da_atmosfera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reducirajoča atmosfera (stran ne obstaja)">reducirajoča</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nedavni poskusi, ki sta jih izvedla kemika <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeffrey_Bada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeffrey Bada (stran ne obstaja)">Jeffrey Bada</a>, eden izmed Millerjevih študentov, in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jim_Cleaves&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jim Cleaves (stran ne obstaja)">Jim Cleaves</a> na <a href="/wiki/Univerza_Kalifornije" title="Univerza Kalifornije">Univerzi Kalifornije</a>, so bili podobni Miller–Ureyevem eksperimentu. Bistveno spoznanje njunega poskusa je bilo, da v simulaciji primitivne atmosfere <a href="/wiki/Ogljikov_dioksid" title="Ogljikov dioksid">ogljikov dioksid</a> in <a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1ik" title="Dušik">dušik</a> proizvedeta <a href="/wiki/Nitrit" title="Nitrit">nitrite</a>, ki povzročijo razpad prej nastalih aminokislin. Ko je Bada izvirnemu poskusu dodal <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDelezo" title="Železo">železo</a> in <a href="/wiki/Karbonat" title="Karbonat">karbonatne</a> <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">minerale</a>, je nastajalo veliko več aminokislin. To spoznanje kaže, da je bilo na primitivni Zemlji železo prisotno v velikih količinah in je omogočalo nastanek aminokislin, kljub ozračju, ki je vsebovalo ogljikov dioksid in dušik.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ozračje_zgodnje_Zemlje"><span id="Ozra.C4.8Dje_zgodnje_Zemlje"></span>Ozračje zgodnje Zemlje</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miller%E2%80%93Ureyev_poskus&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi razdelek: Ozračje zgodnje Zemlje" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miller%E2%80%93Ureyev_poskus&action=edit&section=4" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Ozračje zgodnje Zemlje"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nekateri dokazi kažejo, da naj bi imela primitivna Zemljina atmosfera manj reducirajočih molekul, kot so mislili v času Miller–Ureyevega eksperimenta. Obstajajo podatki, ki nakazujejo na večje vulkanske izbruhe pred približno 4 milijardami let, posledično pa naj bi se v ozračje izločali ogljikov dioksid, dušik, <a href="/wiki/Vodikov_sulfid" title="Vodikov sulfid">vodikov sulfid</a> (H<sub>2</sub>S) in <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDveplov_dioksid" title="Žveplov dioksid">žveplov dioksid</a> (SO<sub>2</sub>). V poskusih, kjer so omenjene pline dodali originalnemu Miller–Ureyevemu poskusu, je nastalo več bolj raznolikih molekul. Pri tem so se pojavljali tako L kot tudi D <a href="/wiki/Enantiomer" title="Enantiomer">enantiomeri</a>, četudi v naravi običajno prevladujejo L enantiomeri aminokislin. Poznejše izvedbe enakih eksperimentov so pokazale, da v nekaterih primerih pride do manj uravnoteženega nastajanja enantiomerov.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prvotno je prevladovalo mišljenje, da sta se v primitivni atmosferi nahajala predvsem amonijak in metan. Danes strokovnjaki predvidevajo, da se je večina atmosferskega <a href="/wiki/Ogljik" title="Ogljik">ogljika</a> nahajala v obliki ogljikovega dioksida in manjši količini <a href="/wiki/Ogljikov_monoksid" title="Ogljikov monoksid">ogljikovega monoksida</a> (CO), svoj delež pa je predstavljal tudi N<sub>2</sub>. V preizkusih so plinske zmesi, ki so vsebovale CO, CO<sub>2</sub> in N<sub>2</sub> proizvedle približno enako količino produktov, kot tiste, kjer sta bila glavni sestavini metan in amonijak. V obeh primerih ni bil prisoten dvoatomarni <a href="/wiki/Kisik" title="Kisik">kisik</a>, medtem ko so vodikovi atomi izvirali predvsem iz vodnih hlapov. Ni povsem jasno, kolikšne količine vodika so bile prisotne v zgodnjem ozračju, saj nekateri menijo, da je za nastanek aromatskih aminokislin potrebna z vodikom revna plinska mešanica, medtem ko drugi raziskovalci pravijo, da naj bi vodik zgodnje Zemlje predstavljal vse do 40 odstotkov ozračja.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Glej_tudi">Glej tudi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miller%E2%80%93Ureyev_poskus&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi razdelek: Glej tudi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miller%E2%80%93Ureyev_poskus&action=edit&section=5" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Glej tudi"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abiogeneza" title="Abiogeneza">abiogeneza</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sklici">Sklici</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miller%E2%80%93Ureyev_poskus&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi razdelek: Sklici" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miller%E2%80%93Ureyev_poskus&action=edit&section=6" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Sklici"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5980307">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"»""«""›""‹"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFHillNuth2003" class="citation magazine cs1">Hill, Hugh G. 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Zv. 3, št. 2. str. 291–304. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1089%2F153110703769016389">10.1089/153110703769016389</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifikator)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1531-1074">1531-1074</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifikator)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14577878">14577878</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&rft.jtitle=Astrobiology&rft.atitle=The+catalytic+potential+of+cosmic+dust%3A+implications+for+prebiotic+chemistry+in+the+solar+nebula+and+other+protoplanetary+systems&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=291-304&rft.date=2003&rft.issn=1531-1074&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14577878&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1089%2F153110703769016389&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=Hugh+G.+M.&rft.au=Nuth%2C+Joseph+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F14577878&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMiller%E2%80%93Ureyev+poskus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFBalmHareKroto1991" class="citation magazine cs1">Balm, S.; Hare, J. 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L. (15. maj 1953). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13056598">»A production of amino acids under possible primitive earth conditions«</a>. <i>Science (New York, N.Y.)</i>. Zv. 117, št. 3046. str. 528–529. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.117.3046.528">10.1126/science.117.3046.528</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifikator)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0036-8075">0036-8075</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifikator)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13056598">13056598</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&rft.jtitle=Science+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=A+production+of+amino+acids+under+possible+primitive+earth+conditions&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=3046&rft.pages=528-529&rft.date=1953-05-15&rft.issn=0036-8075&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F13056598&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.117.3046.528&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=S.+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F13056598&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMiller%E2%80%93Ureyev+poskus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-0">4,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-1">4,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFMillerUrey1959" class="citation magazine cs1">Miller, S. L.; Urey, H. C. (31. julij 1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13668555">»Organic compound synthesis on the primitive earth«</a>. <i>Science (New York, N.Y.)</i>. Zv. 130, št. 3370. str. 245–251. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.130.3370.245">10.1126/science.130.3370.245</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifikator)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0036-8075">0036-8075</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifikator)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13668555">13668555</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&rft.jtitle=Science+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=Organic+compound+synthesis+on+the+primitive+earth&rft.volume=130&rft.issue=3370&rft.pages=245-251&rft.date=1959-07-31&rft.issn=0036-8075&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F13668555&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.130.3370.245&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=S.+L.&rft.au=Urey%2C+H.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F13668555&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMiller%E2%80%93Ureyev+poskus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_5-0">5,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_5-1">5,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFLazcanoBada2003" class="citation magazine cs1">Lazcano, Antonio; Bada, Jeffrey L. (Junij 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14515862">»The 1953 Stanley L. Miller experiment: fifty years of prebiotic organic chemistry«</a>. <i>Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere: The Journal of the International Society for the Study of the Origin of Life</i>. Zv. 33, št. 3. str. 235–242. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1023%2Fa%3A1024807125069">10.1023/a:1024807125069</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifikator)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0169-6149">0169-6149</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifikator)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14515862">14515862</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&rft.jtitle=Origins+of+Life+and+Evolution+of+the+Biosphere%3A+The+Journal+of+the+International+Society+for+the+Study+of+the+Origin+of+Life&rft.atitle=The+1953+Stanley+L.+Miller+experiment%3A+fifty+years+of+prebiotic+organic+chemistry&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=235-242&rft.date=2003-06&rft.issn=0169-6149&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14515862&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1023%2Fa%3A1024807125069&rft.aulast=Lazcano&rft.aufirst=Antonio&rft.au=Bada%2C+Jeffrey+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F14515862&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMiller%E2%80%93Ureyev+poskus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00mbvfh">»The Spark of Life«</a>. <i>www.bbc.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 22. februarja 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=neznano&rft.jtitle=www.bbc.co.uk&rft.atitle=The+Spark+of+Life&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Fb00mbvfh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMiller%E2%80%93Ureyev+poskus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:3_7-0">7,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:3_7-1">7,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFBada2013" class="citation magazine cs1">Bada, Jeffrey L. (7. marec 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23340907">»New insights into prebiotic chemistry from Stanley Miller's spark discharge experiments«</a>. <i>Chemical Society Reviews</i>. Zv. 42, št. 5. str. 2186–2196. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1039%2Fc3cs35433d">10.1039/c3cs35433d</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifikator)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1460-4744">1460-4744</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifikator)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23340907">23340907</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Society+Reviews&rft.atitle=New+insights+into+prebiotic+chemistry+from+Stanley+Miller%27s+spark+discharge+experiments&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=2186-2196&rft.date=2013-03-07&rft.issn=1460-4744&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23340907&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1039%2Fc3cs35433d&rft.aulast=Bada&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F23340907&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMiller%E2%80%93Ureyev+poskus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://go.drugbank.com/categories/DBCAT005228">»Proteinogenic Amino Acids | DrugBank Online«</a>. <i>go.drugbank.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 23. februarja 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=neznano&rft.jtitle=go.drugbank.com&rft.atitle=Proteinogenic+Amino+Acids+%7C+DrugBank+Online&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgo.drugbank.com%2Fcategories%2FDBCAT005228&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMiller%E2%80%93Ureyev+poskus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFCouncilStudiesTechnologySciences2007" class="citation book cs1">Council, National Research; Studies, Division on Earth Life; Technology, Board on Chemical Sciences and; Sciences, Division on Engineering Physical; Board, Space Studies; System, Task Group on Organic Environments in the Solar (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11860&page=85"><i>Read "Exploring Organic Environments in the Solar System" at NAP.edu</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17226%2F11860">10.17226/11860</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-309-10235-3" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-309-10235-3"><bdi>978-0-309-10235-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090621053626/http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11860&page=85">Arhivirano</a> iz spletišča dne 21. junija 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 25. oktobra 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=knjiga&rft.btitle=Read+%22Exploring+Organic+Environments+in+the+Solar+System%22+at+NAP.edu&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17226%2F11860&rft.isbn=978-0-309-10235-3&rft.aulast=Council&rft.aufirst=National+Research&rft.au=Studies%2C+Division+on+Earth+Life&rft.au=Technology%2C+Board+on+Chemical+Sciences+and&rft.au=Sciences%2C+Division+on+Engineering+Physical&rft.au=Board%2C+Space+Studies&rft.au=System%2C+Task+Group+on+Organic+Environments+in+the+Solar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.nap.edu%2Fopenbook.php%3Frecord_id%3D11860%26page%3D85&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMiller%E2%80%93Ureyev+poskus" class="Z3988"></span> Exploring Organic Environments in the Solar System (2007)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19991127110130/http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Lab/2948/orgel.html">https://web.archive.org/web/19991127110130/http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Lab/2948/orgel.html</a> Origin of Life on Earth by Leslie E. Orgel</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFOróKimball1961" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Oró, J.; Kimball, A. P. (1. avgust 1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0003986161900339">»Synthesis of purines under possible primitive earth conditions. I. Adenine from hydrogen cyanide«</a>. <i>Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics</i> (v angleščini). Zv. 94, št. 2. str. 217–227. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0003-9861%2861%2990033-9">10.1016/0003-9861(61)90033-9</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifikator)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0003-9861">0003-9861</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Biochemistry+and+Biophysics&rft.atitle=Synthesis+of+purines+under+possible+primitive+earth+conditions.+I.+Adenine+from+hydrogen+cyanide&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=217-227&rft.date=1961-08-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0003-9861%2861%2990033-9&rft.issn=0003-9861&rft.aulast=Or%C3%B3&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Kimball%2C+A.+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2F0003986161900339&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMiller%E2%80%93Ureyev+poskus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFOroKamat1961" class="citation magazine cs1">Oro, J.; Kamat, S. S. (29. april 1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13731262">»Amino-acid synthesis from hydrogen cyanide under possible primitive earth conditions«</a>. <i>Nature</i>. Zv. 190. str. 442–443. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F190442a0">10.1038/190442a0</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifikator)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0028-0836">0028-0836</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifikator)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13731262">13731262</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Amino-acid+synthesis+from+hydrogen+cyanide+under+possible+primitive+earth+conditions&rft.volume=190&rft.pages=442-443&rft.date=1961-04-29&rft.issn=0028-0836&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F13731262&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F190442a0&rft.aulast=Oro&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Kamat%2C+S.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F13731262&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMiller%E2%80%93Ureyev+poskus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Oró J (1967). Fox SW (ed.). <i>Origins of Prebiological Systems and of Their Molecular Matrices</i>. New York Academic Press. p. 137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFCleavesChalmersLazcanoMiller2008" class="citation magazine cs1">Cleaves, H. James; Chalmers, John H.; Lazcano, Antonio; Miller, Stanley L.; Bada, Jeffrey L. (<span dir="ltr">april 2008</span>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18204914">»A reassessment of prebiotic organic synthesis in neutral planetary atmospheres«</a>. <i>Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere: The Journal of the International Society for the Study of the Origin of Life</i>. Zv. 38, št. 2. str. 105–115. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11084-007-9120-3">10.1007/s11084-007-9120-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifikator)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0169-6149">0169-6149</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifikator)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18204914">18204914</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&rft.jtitle=Origins+of+Life+and+Evolution+of+the+Biosphere%3A+The+Journal+of+the+International+Society+for+the+Study+of+the+Origin+of+Life&rft.atitle=A+reassessment+of+prebiotic+organic+synthesis+in+neutral+planetary+atmospheres&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=105-115&rft.date=2008-04&rft.issn=0169-6149&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18204914&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11084-007-9120-3&rft.aulast=Cleaves&rft.aufirst=H.+James&rft.au=Chalmers%2C+John+H.&rft.au=Lazcano%2C+Antonio&rft.au=Miller%2C+Stanley+L.&rft.au=Bada%2C+Jeffrey+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F18204914&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMiller%E2%80%93Ureyev+poskus" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Predloga:Navedi_revijo" title="Predloga:Navedi revijo">navedi revijo</a>}}</code>: Vzdrževanje CS1: samodejni prevod datuma (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Vzdr%C5%BEevanje_CS1:_samodejni_prevod_datuma" title="Kategorija:Vzdrževanje CS1: samodejni prevod datuma">povezava</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg19025545-200-right-handed-amino-acids-were-left-behind/">»Right-handed amino acids were left behind«</a>. <i>New Scientist</i> (v ameriški angleščini)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 23. februarja 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=neznano&rft.jtitle=New+Scientist&rft.atitle=Right-handed+amino+acids+were+left+behind&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newscientist.com%2Farticle%2Fmg19025545-200-right-handed-amino-acids-were-left-behind%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMiller%E2%80%93Ureyev+poskus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFKojoUchinoYoshimuraTanaka2004" class="citation magazine cs1">Kojo, Shosuke; Uchino, Hiromi; Yoshimura, Mayu; Tanaka, Kyoko (7. oktober 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15467844">»Racemic D,L-asparagine causes enantiomeric excess of other coexisting racemic D,L-amino acids during recrystallization: a hypothesis accounting for the origin of L-amino acids in the biosphere«</a>. <i>Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)</i>. Št. 19. str. 2146–2147. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1039%2Fb409941a">10.1039/b409941a</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifikator)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1359-7345">1359-7345</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifikator)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15467844">15467844</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Communications+%28Cambridge%2C+England%29&rft.atitle=Racemic+D%2CL-asparagine+causes+enantiomeric+excess+of+other+coexisting+racemic+D%2CL-amino+acids+during+recrystallization%3A+a+hypothesis+accounting+for+the+origin+of+L-amino+acids+in+the+biosphere&rft.issue=19&rft.pages=2146-2147&rft.date=2004-10-07&rft.issn=1359-7345&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15467844&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1039%2Fb409941a&rft.aulast=Kojo&rft.aufirst=Shosuke&rft.au=Uchino%2C+Hiromi&rft.au=Yoshimura%2C+Mayu&rft.au=Tanaka%2C+Kyoko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F15467844&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMiller%E2%80%93Ureyev+poskus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFRuiz-MirazoBrionesde_la_Escosura2014" class="citation magazine cs1">Ruiz-Mirazo, Kepa; Briones, Carlos; de la Escosura, Andrés (8. januar 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24171674">»Prebiotic systems chemistry: new perspectives for the origins of life«</a>. <i>Chemical Reviews</i>. Zv. 114, št. 1. str. 285–366. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fcr2004844">10.1021/cr2004844</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifikator)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1520-6890">1520-6890</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifikator)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24171674">24171674</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Reviews&rft.atitle=Prebiotic+systems+chemistry%3A+new+perspectives+for+the+origins+of+life&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=285-366&rft.date=2014-01-08&rft.issn=1520-6890&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24171674&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fcr2004844&rft.aulast=Ruiz-Mirazo&rft.aufirst=Kepa&rft.au=Briones%2C+Carlos&rft.au=de+la+Escosura%2C+Andr%C3%A9s&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F24171674&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMiller%E2%80%93Ureyev+poskus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051214230357/http://newsrelease.uwaterloo.ca/news.php?id=4348">»Early Earth atmosphere favourable to life: study«</a>. <i>web.archive.org</i>. 14. december 2005. Arhivirano iz prvotnega dne 14. decembra 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 23. februarja 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=neznano&rft.jtitle=web.archive.org&rft.atitle=Early+Earth+atmosphere+favourable+to+life%3A+study&rft.date=2005-12-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnewsrelease.uwaterloo.ca%2Fnews.php%3Fid%3D4348&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMiller%E2%80%93Ureyev+poskus" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Predloga:Navedi_splet" title="Predloga:Navedi splet">navedi splet</a>}}</code>: Vzdrževanje CS1: bot: neznano stanje prvotnega URL-ja (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Vzdr%C5%BEevanje_CS1:_bot:_neznano_stanje_prvotnega_URL-ja" title="Kategorija:Vzdrževanje CS1: bot: neznano stanje prvotnega URL-ja">povezava</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Pridobljeno iz »<a dir="ltr" href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Miller–Ureyev_poskus&oldid=6278904">https://sl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Miller–Ureyev_poskus&oldid=6278904</a>«</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorije</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Biolo%C5%A1ki_eksperimenti" title="Kategorija:Biološki eksperimenti">Biološki eksperimenti</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Evolucija" title="Kategorija:Evolucija">Evolucija</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:1952_v_znanosti" title="Kategorija:1952 v znanosti">1952 v znanosti</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Skrite kategorije: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Napake_CS1:_manjkajo%C4%8D_periodical" title="Kategorija:Napake CS1: manjkajoč periodical">Napake CS1: manjkajoč periodical</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Viri_CS1_v_angle%C5%A1%C4%8Dini_(en)" title="Kategorija:Viri CS1 v angleščini (en)">Viri CS1 v angleščini (en)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Vzdr%C5%BEevanje_CS1:_samodejni_prevod_datuma" title="Kategorija:Vzdrževanje CS1: samodejni prevod datuma">Vzdrževanje CS1: samodejni prevod datuma</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Viri_CS1_v_ameri%C5%A1ki_angle%C5%A1%C4%8Dini_(en-us)" title="Kategorija:Viri CS1 v ameriški angleščini (en-us)">Viri CS1 v ameriški angleščini (en-us)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Vzdr%C5%BEevanje_CS1:_bot:_neznano_stanje_prvotnega_URL-ja" title="Kategorija:Vzdrževanje CS1: bot: neznano stanje prvotnega URL-ja">Vzdrževanje CS1: bot: neznano stanje prvotnega URL-ja</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Čas zadnje spremembe strani: 23:45, 8. avgust 2024.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Besedilo se sme prosto uporabljati v skladu z dovoljenjem <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Priznanje avtorstva-Deljenje pod enakimi pogoji 4.0</a>; uveljavljajo se lahko dodatni pogoji. 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