Application of Tau PFFs and Alpha-Synuclein PFFs in Neurodegenerative Disease Research

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<li><a href="/A2612-Laminin.html" >Laminin Proteins</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="layui-col-md12"> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Cell Culture Medium</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A2660-T-cell-culture-media.html" >CelThera™ GMP T Cell Expansion Medium</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Others</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A2398-Disease-and-human-models.html" >Organoid Toolbox</a></li> <li><a href="/A1888-Custom-GMP-Services.html" >Custom GMP Protein Services</a></li> <li><a href="/A1751-Key-Raw-Materials-for-Cell-and-Gene-Therapy.html" >More >></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="layui-menu-item-parent" lay-options="{type: 'parent'}"> <div class="layui-menu-body-title"> Kits & Assay Reagents <i class="layui-icon layui-icon-right"></i> </div> <div class="layui-menu-body-panel pane_box pane_box4 pane_boxB"> <div class="pane_box_img"><img width="100%" src="https://www.acrobiosystems.com/static/main/images/HomePhotoA/Product_hand05.jpg" alt="Kits & Assay 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Panel</a></li> <li><a href="/search-keywords-Th1/Th2%20cytokine.html" >Human Th1/Th2 Cytokine Kit (Flow Cytometry Multiplex Bead Assay)</a></li> <li><a href="/A1128-Pre-Coupling-Magnetic-Beads.html" >Pre-coupled Magnetic Beads</a></li> <li><a href="/search-keywords-Th1/Th2 cytokine.html" >Multiplexed Flow Cytometry</a></li> <li><a href="/A1670-Streptavidin(SA)-Series-Products.html" >Streptavidin (SA) Series Products</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="layui-col-md12"> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>ADC Conjugation Kits</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/search-keywords-mmae-nature-9-w-na9.html" >AgLink ADC Kit - MMAE</a></li> <li><a href="/A1210-Targets-for-Antibody-Drug-Conjugates.html" >More >></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>MPCLIA</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A2038-MPCLIA.html" >MPCLIA Reagents</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Other Kits</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A2398-Disease-and-human-models.html" >Organoid Toolbox</a></li> <li><a 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</div> </div> <div class="layui-col-md12"> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Respiratory Syncytial Virus</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/search-nature-6-molecule-1484-keywords-RSV-w-na6_mo1484.html" >Pre-fusion Glycoprotein</a></li> <li><a href="/search-nature-6-keywords-RSV-molecule-1530-w-na6_mo1530.html" >Post-fusion Glycoprotein</a></li> <li><a href="/search-nature-1-molecule-1627-keywords-RSV-w-mo1627_na1.html" >Anti-RSV Pre-Fusion Antibody</a></li> <li><a href="/search-nature-1-molecule-1724-keywords-RSV-w-na1_mo1724.html" >Anti-RSV Post-fusion Antibody</a></li> <li><a href="/A2222-RSV.html" >More >></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Rabies Virus</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/L-1235-Glycoprotein%20(RABV).html" >Glycoprotein</a></li> <li><a href="/L-1739-Nucleoprotein.html" >Nucleoprotein</a></li> <li><a href="/P7526-Mouse-Anti-RABV-Nucleoprotein-Antibody-IgG-Titer-Serologic-Assay-Kit-%28ELISA%29.html" >Anti-RABV Nucleoprotein Antibody Kit </a></li> <li><a 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</div> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>ViruStop Services</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A1074-Innovation-Lab-Capabilities.html" >More >></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="layui-menu-item-parent" lay-options="{type: 'parent'}"> <div class="layui-menu-body-title">Organoids-related Solutions <i class="layui-icon layui-icon-right"></i> </div> <div class="layui-menu-body-panel pane_box pane_box7 pane_boxB"> <div class="pane_box_img"><img width="100%" src="https://www.acrobiosystems.com/static/main/images/HomePhotoA/Product_hand070408.jpg" alt="Organoid Toolbox"></div> <div class="layui-col-md12"> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Cardiac-related Solutions</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A2500-Cardiac-related-Solutions-Services.html" >Cardiac Organoids</a></li> <li><a href="/A2500-Cardiac-related-Solutions-Services.html" >Cardiac Cells</a></li> <li><a href="/A2500-Cardiac-related-Solutions-Services.html">Cardiac Services</a></li> <li><a href="/A2500-Cardiac-related-Solutions-Services.html" 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Development <i class="layui-icon layui-icon-right"></i> </div> <div class="layui-menu-body-panel pane_box pane_box2_1 pane_boxD pane_boxA upA_suow" > <div class="pane_box_img"><img width="100%" src="https://www.acrobiosystems.com/static/main/images/HomePhotoA/home_rightA_a.jpg" alt="Discovery & Development"></div> <div class="layui-col-md12"> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>CAR Targets</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A1088-CD19%EF%BC%9Aa-validated-therapeutic-target-for-B-cell-malignancies.html" >CD19 Protein</a></li> <li><a href="/search-keywords-BCMA-molecule-36-w-mo36.html" >BCMA Protein</a></li> <li><a href="/search-keywords-MSLN.html" >MSLN Protein</a></li> <li><a href="/A1971-Hematological-Malignancies.html" >Hematologica Malignancies CAR Targets</a></li> <li><a href="/A1861-Solid-Tumor-CAR-Targets.html" >Solid Tumor CAR Targets</a></li> <li><a href="/A1041-Targets-of-CAR-T-Cell-Therapy.html" >More Targets >></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Universal CAR Detection 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href="/A2246-Immunohistochemistry-%28IHC%29-Kit.html" >Immunohistochemistry (IHC) Kit</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="layui-menu-item-parent" lay-options="{type: 'parent'}"> <div class="layui-menu-body-title"> Manufacturing <i class="layui-icon layui-icon-right"></i> </div> <div class="layui-menu-body-panel pane_box pane_box2_2 pane_boxD"> <div class="pane_box_img"><img width="100%" src="https://www.acrobiosystems.com/static/main/images/HomePhotoA/home_rightA_b.jpg" alt="CMC-Manufacturing"></div> <div class="layui-col-md12"> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Cell Culture Products</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A1798-cell-culture-cytokines.html" >Cell Culture Growth Factors & Antibodies</a></li> <li><a href="/A2660-T-cell-culture-media.html" >CelThera™ GMP T Cell Expansion Medium</a></li> <li><a href="/A1595-ActiveMax®-Cytokines.html" >ActiveMax Cell Activation Beads</a></li> <li><a href="/A2560-ECMproteins.html" >Extracellular Matrix (ECM) Proteins</a></li> <li><a href="/A2097-iPSC-Culturing.html" >CMC Production Process of iPSC-based Cell Therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/A2612-Laminin.html" >Laminin Proteins for Clinical iPSC Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/A1904-Organoid-Culture.html" >Cytokines for Organoid Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/A1813-Neural-Factors.html" >Aneuro - Neural Factors</a></li> <li><a href="/A2495-TcellCMC.html" >CMC Production Process of Adoptive T Cell Therapies</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Premium(Pre-GMP) grade Raw Materials</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A1751-Key-Raw-Materials-for-Cell-and-Gene-Therapy.html" >Premium(Pre-GMP) Growth Factors</a></li> <li><a href="/P5481-GMP-Monoclonal-Anti-Human-CD3-Antibody-%28OKT3%29-DMF-Filed.html" >GMP Grade Antibodies</a></li> <li><a href="/P5787-GMP-GENIUS%E2%84%A2Nuclease-DMF-Filed.html" >GMP Grade GENIUS™Nuclease </a></li> <li><a href="/P7181-GMP-Salt-Active-GENIUS%E2%84%A2Nuclease.html" >Salt Active GENIUS™Nuclease</a></li> <li><a href="/A1595-ActiveMax®-Cytokines.html" >ActiveMax Cell Activation Beads</a></li> <li><a href="/A1751-Key-Raw-Materials-for-Cell-and-Gene-Therapy.html" >Key Raw Materials for CGT</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="layui-col-md12"> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Nucleic Acid Removal Products</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/P5787-GMP-GENIUS%E2%84%A2Nuclease-DMF-Filed.html" >GMP Grade GENIUS™Nuclease </a></li> <li><a href="/P7181-GMP-Salt-Active-GENIUS%E2%84%A2Nuclease.html" >Salt Active GENIUS™Nuclease</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Gene Editing Products</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A1657-CRISPR-Cas-technology.html" >GENPower - Cas Enzymes</a></li> <li><a href="/A1301-enzyme-products.html#mRNA_enzymeA" >mRNA Synthesis Enzymes</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="layui-col-md12"> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Large-Scale Manufacturing</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A1751-Key-Raw-Materials-for-Cell-and-Gene-Therapy.html" >GMP-grade Raw Materials</a></li> <li><a href="/A1888-Custom-GMP-Services.html" >GMP Protein Services</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="layui-menu-item-parent" lay-options="{type: 'parent'}"> <div class="layui-menu-body-title"> Quality Control <i class="layui-icon layui-icon-right"></i> </div> <div class="layui-menu-body-panel pane_box pane_box2_3 pane_boxD"> <div class="pane_box_img"><img width="100%" src="https://www.acrobiosystems.com/static/main/images/HomePhotoA/home_rightA_c.jpg" alt="CMC-Quality Control"></div> <div class="layui-col-md12"> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Residual Detection-resDetect</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A2146-Nuclease-Detection-Kits.html" target="_blank" >Residual Host Cell DNA / RNA Detection Kits</a></li> <li><a href="/search-keywords-Activity.html" target="_blank" >RNase / DNase Detection Kits</a></li> <li><a href="/P7571-resDetect%E2%84%A2-GENIUS%E2%84%A2-Nuclease-ELISA-Kit-%28Residue-Testing%29.html" target="_blank" >GENIUS™ Nuclease Residual Detection Kit</a></li> <li><a href="/P7814-resDetect%E2%84%A2-BSA-ELISA-Kit.html" target="_blank" >Residual BSA ELISA Kit</a></li> <li><a href="/A1557-GMP-Grade-Cytokines.html#pro" target="_blank" >Residual Cell Culture Materials Detection Kits</a></li> <li><a href="/P6991-resDetect%E2%84%A2-Kanamycin-ELISA-Kit.html" target="_blank" >Residual Antibiotics Detection Kits</a></li> <li><a href="/P7281-resDetect%E2%84%A2-HIV-1-p24-ELISA-Kit-%28Residue-Testing%29.html" target="_blank" >Residual HIV-1 p24 ELISA Kit</a></li> <li><a href="/search-keywords-Mycoplasma.html" target="_blank">Mycoplasma Rapid Detection Kit</a></li> <li><a href="/P7954-Recombinant-Factor-C-Endotoxin-Detection-Kit.html" target="_blank">Recombinant Factor C Endotoxin Detection Kit</a></li> <li><a href="/A2504-resDetect-CGT.html" target="_blank" >CGT CMC Manufacturing Process Residue Detection Solutions</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.acrobiosystems.com/A2331-resDetect.html" >More >></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>CAR Detection Tools</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A1332-Star-Staining-Proteins-Platform.html" >Star Staining - Fluorescent Labeled Proteins</a></li> <li><a href="/A1118-mAb-for-Anti-CD19-CAR-Detection-Flow-Cytometry-Validated.html" >Anti-FMC63 Antibody</a></li> <li><a href="/L-1788-G4S%C2%A0linker.html" >Anti-G4s Linker Antibody</a></li> <li><a href="/A1320-Anti-Idiotypic-Antibody.html" >Anti-idiotypic Antibody Development Service</a></li> <li><a href="/A1391-IgG-Fc-Proteins%E2%80%94%E2%80%94Ideal-Isotype-Control-for-IgG-Structured-Drug-Development.html" >ComboX Isotype Controls</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Potency Assays</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A1781-Cytokine-detection-ELISA-kits.html" >Cytokine Release Assay Kits - ClinMax</a></li> <li><a href="/search-keywords-Th1/Th2 cytokine.html" >Multiplex Cytokine Assay Kits</a></li> <li><a href="/A2221-Stable-cell-line.html" >Overexpression cell line - CellInsight</a></li> <li><a href="/A2219-Cell-Line-Customize-Service.html" >Cell Line Customization services</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="layui-menu-item-parent" lay-options="{type: 'parent'}"> <div class="layui-menu-body-title"> Pre-clinical Research <i class="layui-icon layui-icon-right"></i> </div> <div class="layui-menu-body-panel pane_box pane_box2_4 pane_boxD"> <div class="pane_box_img"><img width="100%" src="https://www.acrobiosystems.com/static/main/images/HomePhotoA/home_rightA_d.jpg" alt="Preclinical Studies"></div> <div class="layui-col-md12"> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Pharmacokinetics Studies</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A1332-Star-Staining-Proteins-Platform.html" >Star Staining - Fluorescent Labeled Proteins</a></li> <li><a href="/A1118-mAb-for-Anti-CD19-CAR-Detection-Flow-Cytometry-Validated.html" >Anti-FMC63 Antibody</a></li> <li><a href="/L-1788-G4S%C2%A0linker.html" >Anti-G4s Linker Antibody</a></li> <li><a href="/A1320-Anti-Idiotypic-Antibody.html" >Anti-idiotypic Antibody Development Service</a></li> <li><a href="/A1326-Enzyme-Linked-Immunosorbent-Assay-%28ELISA%29-Service.html" >PK ELISA Development Service</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Pharmacodynamics Studies</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A2398-Disease-and-human-models.html" >Organoid Toolbox</a></li><li><a href="/A1904-Organoid-Culture.html" >Organoid Culture Cytokines</a></li> <li><a href="/A1718-Pre-formed-Fibrils-(PFFs).html" >Pre-formed Fibrils (Aneuro)</a></li> <li><a href="/A2145-BME.html" >Mogengel Matrix for Organoid Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/A2183-DBC.html" >Diagnostic Biochips</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="layui-col-md12"> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Toxicity Studies</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A1781-Cytokine-detection-ELISA-kits.html" >Cytokine Release Assay Kits - ClinMax</a></li> <li><a href="/search-keywords-Th1/Th2 cytokine.html" >Multiplex Cytokine Assay Kits</a></li> <li><a href="/A2398-Disease-and-human-models.html" >Organoid Toolbox</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="pane_box_link"> 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href="/A1326-Enzyme-Linked-Immunosorbent-Assay-%28ELISA%29-Service.html" >PK ELISA Development Service</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Toxicity Studies</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A1781-Cytokine-detection-ELISA-kits.html" >Cytokine Release Assay Kits - ClinMax</a></li> <li><a href="/search-keywords-Th1/Th2 cytokine.html" >Multiplex Cytokine Assay Kits</a></li> <li><a href="/A2398-Disease-and-human-models.html" >Organoid Toolbox</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="layui-col-md12"> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Immunogenicity Studies</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A1118-mAb-for-Anti-CD19-CAR-Detection-Flow-Cytometry-Validated.html" >Anti-FMC63 Antibody</a></li> <li><a href="/P5420-Anti-CD19-%28FMC63%29-CAR-Immunogenicity-ELISA-Kit.html" >Immunogenicity Anti-FMC63 ELISA kit</a></li> <li><a href="/A1332-Star-Staining-Proteins-Platform.html" >Star Staining - Fluorescent Labeled Proteins</a></li> <li><a href="/A1320-Anti-Idiotypic-Antibody.html" >Anti-idiotypic Antibody Development Service</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="layui-menu-item-parent" lay-options="{type: 'parent'}"> <div class="layui-menu-body-title upA"> Gene Therapy <i class="layui-icon layui-icon-right"></i> </div> <div class="layui-menu-body-panel layui-pane2_1 layui-pane2_1_2"> <div class="layui-menu-body-title layui-menu-body-title2"> Gene Therapy </div> <ul> <li class="layui-menu-item-parent" lay-options="{type: 'parent'}"> <div class="layui-menu-body-title"> Discovery and Development <i class="layui-icon layui-icon-right"></i> </div> <div class="layui-menu-body-panel pane_box pane_box2_1 pane_boxD pane_boxA upA_suow"> <div class="pane_box_img"><img width="100%" src="https://www.acrobiosystems.com/static/main/images/HomePhotoA/home_rightB_a.jpg" alt="Discovery & Development"></div> <div class="layui-col-md12"> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Gene Editing</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A1657-CRISPR-Cas-technology.html" >GENPower - Cas Enzymes</a></li> 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lay-options="{type: 'parent'}"> <div class="layui-menu-body-title"> Manufacturing <i class="layui-icon layui-icon-right"></i> </div> <div class="layui-menu-body-panel pane_box pane_box2_2 pane_boxD"> <div class="pane_box_img"><img width="100%" src="https://www.acrobiosystems.com/static/main/images/HomePhotoA/home_rightB_b.jpg" alt="CMC-Manufacturing"></div> <div class="layui-col-md12"> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Premium(Pre-GMP) grade Raw Materials</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A1751-Key-Raw-Materials-for-Cell-and-Gene-Therapy.html" >Premium(Pre-GMP) Growth Factors</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Gene Editing Products</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A1657-CRISPR-Cas-technology.html" >GENPower - Cas Enzymes</a></li> <li><a href="/A1301-enzyme-products.html#mRNA_enzymeA" >mRNA Synthesis Enzymes</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="layui-col-md12"> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Nucleic Acid Removal Products</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/L-1211-Nuclease.html" >Nucleic Acid 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href="/P7814-resDetect%E2%84%A2-BSA-ELISA-Kit.html" target="_blank" >Residual BSA ELISA Kit</a></li> <li><a href="/P6991-resDetect%E2%84%A2-Kanamycin-ELISA-Kit.html" target="_blank" >Residual Antibiotics Detection Kits</a></li> <li><a href="/A2504-resDetect-CGT.html" target="_blank" >CGT CMC Manufacturing Process Residue Detection Solutions</a></li> <li><a href="/search-keywords-Mycoplasma.html" target="_blank">Mycoplasma Rapid Detection Kit</a></li> <li><a href="/P7954-Recombinant-Factor-C-Endotoxin-Detection-Kit.html" target="_blank">Recombinant Factor C Endotoxin Detection Kit</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.acrobiosystems.com/A2331-resDetect.html" >More >></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Potency Assays</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A1781-Cytokine-detection-ELISA-kits.html" >Cytokine Release Assay Kits - ClinMax</a></li> <li><a href="/search-keywords-Th1/Th2 cytokine.html" >Multiplex Cytokine Assay Kits</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>AAV Titer Quantitation</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/P7031-AAV5-Titration-ELISA-Kit-%28Fast%29.html" >AAV5 Titration ELISA Kit (Fast)</a></li> <li><a href="/P7157-AAV5-Titration-ELISA-Kit.html" >AAV5 Titration ELISA Kit </a></li> <li><a href="/P7823-AAV3-Titration-ELISA-Kit-%28Fast%29.html" >AAV3 Titration ELISA Kit (Fast) </a></li> <li><a href="/P7100-AAV3-Titration-ELISA-Kit.html" >AAV3 Titration ELISA Kit</a></li> <li><a href="/P7735-AAV8-Titration-ELISA-Kit-%28Fast%29.html" >AAV8 Titration ELISA Kit (Fast)</a></li> <li><a href="/P7736-AAV8-Titration-ELISA-Kit.html" >AAV8 Titration ELISA Kit</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="layui-menu-item-parent" lay-options="{type: 'parent'}"> <div class="layui-menu-body-title"> Pre-clinical Research <i class="layui-icon layui-icon-right"></i> </div> <div class="layui-menu-body-panel pane_box pane_box2_4 pane_boxD"> <div class="pane_box_img"><img width="100%" src="https://www.acrobiosystems.com/static/main/images/HomePhotoA/home_rightB_d.jpg" alt="Preclinical Studies"></div> <div class="layui-col-md12"> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Pharmacodynamics Studies</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A2398-Disease-and-human-models.html" >Organoid Toolbox</a></li><li><a href="/A1904-Organoid-Culture.html" >Organoid Culture Cytokines</a></li> <li><a href="/A1718-Pre-formed-Fibrils-(PFFs).html" >Pre-formed Fibrils (Aneuro)</a></li> <li><a href="/A2145-BME.html" >Mogengel Matrix for Organoid Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/A2183-DBC.html" >Diagnostic Biochips</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Security Studies</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/search-keywords-AAV%20antibody%20kit.html" >Anti-AAV Antibody ELISA Kit</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="layui-col-md12"> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Toxicity Studies</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A1781-Cytokine-detection-ELISA-kits.html" >Cytokine Release Assay Kits - ClinMax</a></li> <li><a href="/search-keywords-Th1/Th2 cytokine.html" >Multiplex Cytokine Assay Kits</a></li> <li><a href="/A2398-Disease-and-human-models.html" >Organoid Toolbox</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Audit & Documentation support</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A1148-FDA-DMF-Filed-Proteins.html" >FDA DMF Filed Proteins</a></li> <li><a href="/A1557-GMP-Grade-Cytokines.html" >GMP Regulatory Support Files</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="layui-col-md12"> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Companion Diagnostics Tools</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A2176-IHC-antibody.html" >IHC Antibodies</a></li> <li><a href="/A2246-Immunohistochemistry-%28IHC%29-Kit.html" >Immunohistochemistry (IHC) Kit</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="layui-menu-item-parent" lay-options="{type: 'parent'}"> <div class="layui-menu-body-title"> Clinical Research <i class="layui-icon layui-icon-right"></i> </div> <div class="layui-menu-body-panel pane_box pane_box2_5 pane_boxD"> <div class="pane_box_img"><img width="100%" src="https://www.acrobiosystems.com/static/main/images/HomePhotoA/home_rightB_e.jpg" alt="Clinical Studies"></div> <div class="layui-col-md12"> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Toxicity Studies</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A1781-Cytokine-detection-ELISA-kits.html" >Cytokine Release Assay Kits - ClinMax</a></li> <li><a href="/search-keywords-Th1/Th2 cytokine.html" >Multiplex Cytokine Assay Kits</a></li> <li><a href="/A2398-Disease-and-human-models.html" >Organoid Toolbox</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Security Studies</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/search-keywords-AAV%20antibody%20kit.html" >Anti-AAV Antibody ELISA Kit</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="layui-menu-item-parent" lay-options="{type: 'parent'}"> <div class="layui-menu-body-title upA"> <a href="/A2356-Therapeutic-Antibody-Page.html" >Therapeutic Antibodies </a><i class="layui-icon layui-icon-right"></i> </div> <div class="layui-menu-body-panel layui-pane2_1 layui-pane2_1_3"> <div class="layui-menu-body-title layui-menu-body-title2"> Therapeutic Antibodies </div> <ul> <li class="layui-menu-item-parent" lay-options="{type: 'parent'}"> <div class="layui-menu-body-title"> Discovery and Development <i class="layui-icon layui-icon-right"></i> </div> <div class="layui-menu-body-panel pane_box pane_box2_1 pane_boxD pane_boxA upA_suow"> <div class="pane_box_img"><img width="100%" src="https://www.acrobiosystems.com/static/main/images/HomePhotoA/home_rightC_a.jpg" alt="Discovery & Development"></div> <div class="layui-col-md12"> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Target Proteins</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A1288-Cytokine.html" >Cytokine Targets</a></li> <li><a href="/A974-Immune-Checkpoint-Proteins.html" >Checkpoint Proteins</a></li> <li><a href="/A2117-Agonist-Target-Proteins.html" >Agonist</a></li> <li><a href="/A1290-Transmembrane-Proteins-Platform.html" >FLAG</a></li> <li><a href="/A1536-Proteins-for-Neuroscience.html" >Aneuro</a></li> <li><a href="/A1265-Tumor-microenvironment.html" >Tumor Microenvironment</a></li> <li><a href="/A1222-Bispecific-antibody-targets-and-more.html" >Bispecifc Antibody Targets</a></li> <li><a href="/A1656-MHC-Class-I-Complex-Custom-Service.html" >MHC Complexes</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Antibody Screening</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A716-Biotinylated-Protein.html" >Biotinylated Proteins</a></li> <li><a href="/A1096-Inhibitor-Screening-Kits.html" >Inhibitor Screening Kits</a></li> <li><a href="/A1332-Star-Staining-Proteins-Platform.html" >Star Staining Fluorescent Labeled Proteins</a></li> <li><a href="/A1128-Pre-Coupling-Magnetic-Beads.html" >Pre-coupled Magnetic Beads</a></li> <li><a href="/A1670-Streptavidin(SA)-Series-Products.html" >SA series Products ComboX</a></li> <li><a href="/A1969-Recombinant-Antibody-Services.html" >Recombinant Antibody Expression Services</a></li> <li><a href="/A1151-SPR-BLI-analytical-service.html" >SPR /BLI analytical service</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="layui-col-md12"> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Fc Proteins</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A1391-IgG-Fc-Proteins%E2%80%94%E2%80%94Ideal-Isotype-Control-for-IgG-Structured-Drug-Development.html" >IgG Fc Proteins</a></li> <li><a href="/A712-Fc-Receptor-Proteins.html" >Fc Receptor</a></li> <li><a href="/A1394-FcRn%EF%BC%88Neonatal-Fc-Receptor%EF%BC%89.html" >Neonatal Fc Receptor</a></li> <li><a href="/P7366-Human-FcRn-binding-Kit-%28TR-FRET%29.html" >FcRn Binding Kit</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Cell Line (CellInsight)</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A2221-Stable-cell-line.html" >Overexpression cell line</a></li> <li><a href="/A2219-Cell-Line-Customize-Service.html" >Cell Line Customization services</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="layui-col-md12"> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Companion Diagnostics</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A2176-IHC-antibody.html" >IHC Antibodies</a></li> <li><a href="/A2246-Immunohistochemistry-%28IHC%29-Kit.html" >Immunohistochemistry (IHC) Kit</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="layui-menu-item-parent" lay-options="{type: 'parent'}"> <div class="layui-menu-body-title"> Manufacturing <i class="layui-icon layui-icon-right"></i> </div> <div class="layui-menu-body-panel pane_box pane_box2_2 pane_boxD"> <div class="pane_box_img"><img width="100%" src="https://www.acrobiosystems.com/static/main/images/HomePhotoA/home_rightC_b.jpg" alt="CMC-Manufacturing"></div> <div class="layui-col-md12"> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Nucleic Acid Removal</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/P5787-GMP-GENIUS%E2%84%A2Nuclease-DMF-Filed.html" >GMP GENIUS Nuclease</a></li> <li><a href="/P7181-GMP-Salt-Active-GENIUS%E2%84%A2Nuclease.html" >Salt Active GENIUS™Nuclease</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="layui-menu-item-parent" lay-options="{type: 'parent'}"> <div class="layui-menu-body-title"> Quality Control <i class="layui-icon layui-icon-right"></i> </div> <div class="layui-menu-body-panel pane_box pane_box2_3 pane_boxD"> <div class="pane_box_img"><img width="100%" src="https://www.acrobiosystems.com/static/main/images/HomePhotoA/home_rightC_c.jpg" alt="CMC-Quality Control"></div> <div class="layui-col-md12"> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Residual Detection-resDetect</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A2146-Nuclease-Detection-Kits.html" >Host DNA/Protein Quantitative Kits</a></li> <li><a href="/P7433-resDetect%E2%84%A2-Universal-Protein-A-Quick-ELISA-Kit-%28Boiling-free%29.html" >Residual Affinity Ligands Detection Kits</a></li> <li><a href="/A1557-GMP-Grade-Cytokines.html#pro" >Residual Cell Culture Materials Detection Kits</a></li> <li><a href="/P7571-resDetect%E2%84%A2-GENIUS%E2%84%A2-Nuclease-ELISA-Kit-%28Residue-Testing%29.html" >GENIUS™ Nuclease Residual Detection Kit</a></li> <li><a href="/P6991-resDetect%E2%84%A2-Kanamycin-ELISA-Kit.html" >Residual Antibiotics Detection Kits</a></li> <li><a href="/A2543-resDetect-Antibody.html" >Therapeutic antibodies CMC Manufacturing Process Residue Detection Solutions</a></li> <li><a href="/search-keywords-Mycoplasma.html" >Mycoplasma Rapid Detection Kit</a></li> <li><a href="/P7954-Recombinant-Factor-C-Endotoxin-Detection-Kit.html" >Recombinant Factor C Endotoxin Detection Kit</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.acrobiosystems.com/A2331-resDetect.html" >More >></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Other Quality Control Products</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A2221-Stable-cell-line.html" >Overexpression cell line</a></li> <li><a href="/A1391-IgG-Fc-Proteins%E2%80%94%E2%80%94Ideal-Isotype-Control-for-IgG-Structured-Drug-Development.html" >IgG Isotype Control</a></li> <li><a href="/A2154-Tool-enzymes.html" >Enzymes for Antibody Characterization Analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/A1794-MALS-UNcle-Platform.html" >Quality Characterization Analytical Services</a></li> <li><a href="/A2219-Cell-Line-Customize-Service.html" >Cell Line Customization services</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="layui-col-md12"> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Cytokine Release Detection</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A1781-Cytokine-detection-ELISA-kits.html" >Cytokine ELISA Kits</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="layui-menu-item-parent" lay-options="{type: 'parent'}"> <div class="layui-menu-body-title"> Preclinical Research <i class="layui-icon layui-icon-right"></i> </div> <div class="layui-menu-body-panel pane_box pane_box2_4 pane_boxD"> <div class="pane_box_img"><img width="100%" src="https://www.acrobiosystems.com/static/main/images/HomePhotoA/home_rightC_d.jpg" alt="Preclinical Studies"></div> <div class="layui-col-md12"> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Pharmacokinetics Studies</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A716-Biotinylated-Protein.html" >Biotinylated Proteins</a></li> <li><a href="/A1670-Streptavidin(SA)-Series-Products.html" >SA series Products ComboX</a></li> <li><a href="/A1089-Anti-idiotypic-Antibodies.html" >Anti-idiotypic Antibodies</a></li> <li><a href="/A1320-Anti-Idiotypic-Antibody.html" >Anti-idiotypic Antibody Development Service</a></li> <li><a href="/A1078-ELISA-Assay-Kits-for-Therapeutic-Antibodies.html" >PK ELISA Assays</a></li> <li><a href="/A1326-Enzyme-Linked-Immunosorbent-Assay-%28ELISA%29-Service.html" >PK ELISA Development Service</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Toxicity Studies</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A1781-Cytokine-detection-ELISA-kits.html" >Cytokine Release Assay Kits - ClinMax</a></li> <li><a href="/search-keywords-Th1/Th2 cytokine.html" >Multiplex Cytokine Assay Kits</a></li> <li><a href="/A2398-Disease-and-human-models.html" >Organoid Toolbox</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="layui-col-md12"> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Immunogenicity Studies</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A1320-Anti-Idiotypic-Antibody.html" >Anti-idiotypic & ADA Assay Development Service</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Pharmacodynamics Studies</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A2398-Disease-and-human-models.html" >Organoid Toolbox</a></li><li><a href="/A1904-Organoid-Culture.html" >Organoid Culture Cytokines</a></li> <li><a href="/A1718-Pre-formed-Fibrils-(PFFs).html" >Pre-formed Fibrils (Aneuro)</a></li> <li><a href="/A2145-BME.html" >Mogengel Matrix for Organoid Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/A2183-DBC.html" >Diagnostic Biochips</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="layui-col-md12"> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Audit & Documentation support</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A1148-FDA-DMF-Filed-Proteins.html" >FDA DMF Filed Proteins</a></li> <li><a href="/A1557-GMP-Grade-Cytokines.html" >GMP Regulatory Support Files</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Companion Diagnostics Tools</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A2176-IHC-antibody.html" >IHC Antibodies</a></li> <li><a href="/A2246-Immunohistochemistry-%28IHC%29-Kit.html" >Immunohistochemistry (IHC) Kit</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="layui-menu-item-parent" lay-options="{type: 'parent'}"> <div class="layui-menu-body-title"> Clinical Research <i class="layui-icon layui-icon-right"></i> </div> <div class="layui-menu-body-panel pane_box pane_box2_5 pane_boxD"> <div class="pane_box_img"><img width="100%" src="https://www.acrobiosystems.com/static/main/images/HomePhotoA/home_rightC_e.jpg" alt="Clinical Studies"></div> <div class="layui-col-md12"> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Pharmacokinetics Studies</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A716-Biotinylated-Protein.html" >Biotinylated Proteins</a></li> <li><a href="/A1670-Streptavidin(SA)-Series-Products.html" >SA series Products ComboX</a></li> <li><a href="/A1089-Anti-idiotypic-Antibodies.html" >Anti-idiotypic Antibodies</a></li> <li><a href="/A1320-Anti-Idiotypic-Antibody.html" >Anti-idiotypic Antibody Development Service</a></li> <li><a href="/A1078-ELISA-Assay-Kits-for-Therapeutic-Antibodies.html" >PK ELISA Assays</a></li> <li><a href="/A1326-Enzyme-Linked-Immunosorbent-Assay-%28ELISA%29-Service.html" >PK ELISA Development Service</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Immunogenicity Studies</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A1320-Anti-Idiotypic-Antibody.html" >Anti-idiotypic Antibody ADA Development Service</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="layui-col-md12"> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Toxicity Studies</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A1781-Cytokine-detection-ELISA-kits.html" >Cytokine Release Assay Kits - ClinMax</a></li> <li><a href="/search-keywords-Th1/Th2 cytokine.html" >Multiplex Cytokine Assay Kits</a></li> <li><a href="/A2398-Disease-and-human-models.html" >Organoid Toolbox</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="layui-menu-item-parent" lay-options="{type: 'parent'}"> <div class="layui-menu-body-title upA"> Antibody Drug Conjugates <i class="layui-icon layui-icon-right"></i> </div> <div class="layui-menu-body-panel layui-pane2_1 layui-pane2_1_4"> <div class="layui-menu-body-title layui-menu-body-title2"> Antibody Drug Conjugates </div> <ul> <li class="layui-menu-item-parent" lay-options="{type: 'parent'}"> <div class="layui-menu-body-title"> Discovery and Development <i class="layui-icon layui-icon-right"></i> </div> <div class="layui-menu-body-panel pane_box pane_box2_1 pane_boxD pane_boxA upA_suow"> <div class="pane_box_img"><img width="100%" src="https://www.acrobiosystems.com/static/main/images/HomePhotoA/home_rightD_a.jpg" alt="Discovery & Development"></div> <div class="layui-col-md12"> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Target Proteins</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A1210-Targets-for-Antibody-Drug-Conjugates.html#module=kit1" >ADC Drug Targets</a></li> <li><a href="/A1288-Cytokine.html" >Cytokine Targets</a></li> <li><a href="/A974-Immune-Checkpoint-Proteins.html" >Checkpoint Proteins</a></li> <li><a href="/A2117-Agonist-Target-Proteins.html" >Agonist</a></li> <li><a href="/A1290-Transmembrane-Proteins-Platform.html" >FLAG</a></li> <li><a href="/A1536-Proteins-for-Neuroscience.html" >Aneuro</a></li> <li><a href="/A1265-Tumor-microenvironment.html" >Tumor Microenvironment</a></li> <li><a href="/A1222-Bispecific-antibody-targets-and-more.html" >Bispecifc Antibody Targets</a></li> <li><a href="/A1656-MHC-Class-I-Complex-Custom-Service.html" >MHC Complexes</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Antibody Screening</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A716-Biotinylated-Protein.html" >Biotinylated Proteins</a></li> <li><a href="/A1096-Inhibitor-Screening-Kits.html" >Inhibitor Screening Kits</a></li> <li><a href="/A1332-Star-Staining-Proteins-Platform.html" >Star Staining Fluorescent Labeled Proteins</a></li> <li><a href="/A1128-Pre-Coupling-Magnetic-Beads.html" >Pre-coupled Magnetic Beads</a></li> <li><a href="/A1670-Streptavidin(SA)-Series-Products.html" >SA series Products ComboX</a></li> <li><a href="/A1969-Recombinant-Antibody-Services.html" >Recombinant Antibody Expression Services</a></li> <li><a href="/A1151-SPR-BLI-analytical-service.html" >SPR /BLI analytical service</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="layui-col-md12"> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Fc Proteins</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A1391-IgG-Fc-Proteins%E2%80%94%E2%80%94Ideal-Isotype-Control-for-IgG-Structured-Drug-Development.html" >IgG Fc Proteins</a></li> <li><a href="/A712-Fc-Receptor-Proteins.html" >Fc Receptor</a></li> <li><a href="/A1394-FcRn%EF%BC%88Neonatal-Fc-Receptor%EF%BC%89.html" >Neonatal Fc Receptor</a></li> <li><a href="/P7366-Human-FcRn-binding-Kit-%28TR-FRET%29.html" >FcRn Binding Kit</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>ADC Reagents</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A2584-ADC-Conjugation-Kit.html" >AGLink Conjugation Kit</a></li> <li><a href="/A1210-Targets-for-Antibody-Drug-Conjugates.html" >Proteases for Peptide Linker</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="layui-col-md12"> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Cell Line (CellInsight)</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A2221-Stable-cell-line.html" >Overexpression cell line</a></li> <li><a href="/A2219-Cell-Line-Customize-Service.html" >Cell Line Customization services</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Companion Diagnostics</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A2176-IHC-antibody.html" >IHC Antibodies</a></li> <li><a href="/A2246-Immunohistochemistry-%28IHC%29-Kit.html" >Immunohistochemistry (IHC) Kit</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="layui-menu-item-parent" lay-options="{type: 'parent'}"> <div class="layui-menu-body-title"> Manufacturing <i class="layui-icon layui-icon-right"></i> </div> <div class="layui-menu-body-panel pane_box pane_box2_2 pane_boxD"> <div class="pane_box_img"><img width="100%" src="https://www.acrobiosystems.com/static/main/images/HomePhotoA/home_rightD_b.jpg" alt="CMC-Manufacturing"></div> <div class="layui-col-md12"> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Nucleic Acid Removal</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/P5787-GMP-GENIUS%E2%84%A2Nuclease-DMF-Filed.html" >GMP GENIUS Nuclease</a></li> <li><a href="/P7181-GMP-Salt-Active-GENIUS%E2%84%A2Nuclease.html" >Salt Active GENIUS™Nuclease</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Conjugation Kits</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A2584-ADC-Conjugation-Kit.html" >AGLink Conjugation Kit</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="layui-menu-item-parent" lay-options="{type: 'parent'}"> <div class="layui-menu-body-title"> Quality Control <i class="layui-icon layui-icon-right"></i> </div> <div class="layui-menu-body-panel pane_box pane_box2_3 pane_boxD"> <div class="pane_box_img"><img width="100%" src="https://www.acrobiosystems.com/static/main/images/HomePhotoA/home_rightD_c.jpg" alt="CMC-Quality Control"></div> <div class="layui-col-md12"> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Residual Detection-resDetect</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A2146-Nuclease-Detection-Kits.html" >Host DNA/Protein Quantitative Kits</a></li> <li><a href="/P7433-resDetect%E2%84%A2-Universal-Protein-A-Quick-ELISA-Kit-%28Boiling-free%29.html" >Residual Affinity Ligands Detection Kits</a></li> <li><a href="/A1557-GMP-Grade-Cytokines.html#pro" >Residual Cell Culture Materials Detection Kits</a></li> <li><a href="/P7571-resDetect%E2%84%A2-GENIUS%E2%84%A2-Nuclease-ELISA-Kit-%28Residue-Testing%29.html" >GENIUS™ Nuclease Residual Detection Kit</a></li> <li><a href="/search-keywords-Mycoplasma.html" >Mycoplasma Rapid Detection Kit</a></li> <li><a href="/P7954-Recombinant-Factor-C-Endotoxin-Detection-Kit.html" >Recombinant Factor C Endotoxin Detection Kit</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.acrobiosystems.com/A2331-resDetect.html" >More >></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Other Quality Control Products</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A2221-Stable-cell-line.html" >Overexpression cell line</a></li> <li><a href="/A1391-IgG-Fc-Proteins%E2%80%94%E2%80%94Ideal-Isotype-Control-for-IgG-Structured-Drug-Development.html" >IgG Isotype Control</a></li> <li><a href="/A2154-Tool-enzymes.html" >Enzymes for Antibody Characterization Analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/A1794-MALS-UNcle-Platform.html" >Quality Characterization Analytical Services</a></li> 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src="https://www.acrobiosystems.com/static/main/images/HomePhotoA/home_rightD_d.jpg" alt="Preclinical Studies"></div> <div class="layui-col-md12"> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Pharmacokinetics Studies</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/A716-Biotinylated-Protein.html" >Biotinylated Proteins</a></li> <li><a href="/A1670-Streptavidin(SA)-Series-Products.html" >SA series Products ComboX</a></li> <li><a href="/A2226-Anti-payload-antibodies.html" >Anti-payload Antibodies</a></li> <li><a href="/A1089-Anti-idiotypic-Antibodies.html" >Anti-idiotypic Antibodies</a></li> <li><a href="/A1320-Anti-Idiotypic-Antibody.html" >Anti-idiotypic Antibody Development Service</a></li> <li><a href="/A1078-ELISA-Assay-Kits-for-Therapeutic-Antibodies.html" >PK ELISA Assays</a></li> <li><a href="/A1326-Enzyme-Linked-Immunosorbent-Assay-%28ELISA%29-Service.html" >PK ELISA Development Service</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="pane_box_link"> <h2>Pharmacodynamics Studies</h2> <ul> <li><a 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font-weight:bold;">T</span>he spread of prion-like protein aggregates is a key driver in neurodegenerative disease progression. In tauopathies and synucleinopathies, aggregation initiates locally through nucleation, subsequently propagating in a seed-mediated manner. Misfolded tau and α-synuclein (α-syn) form toxic filaments that are the main components for progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Preformed fibrils (PFFs) of tau and α-syn serve as important tools for modelling abnormal protein aggregation and transmission. This study investigates the role of PFFs in cellular models, focusing on their involvement in aggregation, propagation, and potential applications in drug discovery.</p><p style="margin-top:20px;"><img alt="Application of Tau PFFs and Alpha-Synuclein PFFs in Neurodegenerative Disease Research Abstract" src="/images/upload/20240926/1727321480237141.jpg" width="70%"/></p><p class="Insights_title_p" style="text-align:right !important; font-size:1em !important;line-height:20px; margin-bottom:20px;"><em>https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2017.00064</em></p><p class="Insights_title_p" style="text-align:center !important; font-size:1em !important;line-height:20px; margin-bottom:20px;"><em>Schematic presentation of protein misfolding and aggregation</em></p><h2 class="Insights_title2">Introduction</h2><p class="Insights_title_p"><span style="font-size:1.5em; font-weight:bold;">N</span>eurodegenerative diseases like AD and PD are characterized by the abnormal aggregation and spread of misfolded proteins, tau and α-syn. In AD, tau protein becomes hyperphosphorylated and impairs its microtubule-binding function, leading to microtubule destabilization, neurofibrillary tangle formation, and neuronal death<sup>1</sup>. In PD, α-syn aggregates into Lewy bodies within nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, disrupting normal neuronal function and impairing synaptic transmission<sup>2</sup>. Tau and α-syn are both associated with prion-like self-propagation, where aggregates of misfolded proteins serve as templates, inducing pathological proteins to further misfold and spread throughout the brain<sup>3</sup>. As neuronal degeneration develops within the central nervous system (CNS), the accumulation and propagation of such misfolded proteins leads to autonomic dysfunction and cognitive and motor deficits.</p><p class="Insights_title_p"><span style="font-size:1.5em; font-weight:bold;">P</span>FFs of tau and α-syn are commonly used in models to study AD and PD progression. These fibrils serve as seeds to induce further aggregation in vitro and in vivo, mimicking disease progression and allowing for research into aggregation mechanisms and potential therapies<sup>4,5</sup>. This study evaluates the morphology of tau and α-syn PFFs before introducing them into cellular models to explore prion-like properties in neurodegenerative diseases.</p><h2 class="Insights_title2">Discussion and Results</h2><p class="Insights_title_p"><span style="font-size:1.5em; font-weight:bold;">T</span>au isoforms (0N3R, 0N4R, 1N3R, 1N4R, 2N3R, 2N4R) are classified based on amino-terminal exon inserts and carboxyl-terminal microtubule-binding domain (MBD) repeats<sup>6</sup>. Hexapeptide motifs in the MBD's repeat regions promote β-sheet formation, key to aggregation. Tau isoform expression is developmentally regulated, with 0N present in fetal brains and other isoforms in adult brains<sup>7</sup>. Aggregation of full-length tau is typically slow, so studies often use the aggregation-prone MBD construct K18 or the P301L mutation to enhance β-sheet formation<sup>8</sup>. α-syn isoforms, particularly α-syn-112 and α-syn-98, exhibit faster aggregation rates compared to the most abundant isoform, α-syn-140<sup>9</sup>. The A53T α-syn mutant increases neurotoxicity and is linked to early-onset PD<sup>10</sup>.</p><h2 class="Insights_title2">Morphology of tau and α-syn PFFs</h2><p class="Insights_title_p"><span style="font-size:1.5em; font-weight:bold;">I</span>n this study, we prepared monomeric tau and α-syn for PFF formation. Following centrifugation, we collected the supernatant for protein concentration analysis and set aside a small portion of the monomers as negative controls. To induce PFF formation, we concentrated the protein solutions to 2-5 mg/mL and incubated them at 37°C with shaking for seven days. We then examined the morphological characteristics of wildtype and mutant tau and α-syn PFFs using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Figure 1 shows the fibril morphology of tau-2N4R ( <a href="/P5090-Human-Tau-441--2N4R-Pre-formed-Fibrils-Protein-Tag-Free.html" target="_blank">TAU-H5115</a>), P301L mutant (<a href="/P7418-Human-Tau-441-K18%C2%A0%28P301L%29-Pre-formed-Fibrils-Protein-Tag-Free.html" target="_blank">TAU-H5113</a>), α-syn-140 (<a href="/P6903-Human-Alpha-Synuclein-Pre-formed-Fibrils-Protein-Tag-Free.html" target="_blank">ALN-H5115</a>), and A53T mutant (<a href="/P7632-Human-Alpha-Synuclein-%28A53T%29-Pre-formed-Fibrils-Protein-Tag-Free.html" target="_blank">ALN-H5114</a>). Under negative stain TEM, fibrils ranged from 100 to 500 nm in diameter, with most appearing straight and displaying occasional twists. Despite varying aggregation patterns, both wild-type and mutant tau and α-syn fibrils formed thin and long networks.</p><p style="margin-top:20px;"><img alt="Application of Tau PFFs and Alpha-Synuclein PFFs in Neurodegenerative Disease Research Abstract" src="/images/upload/20240926/1727321484208004.jpg" width="60%"/></p><p class="Insights_title_p" style="text-align:center !important; font-size:1em !important;line-height:20px; margin-bottom:20px;"><em><strong>Figure 1</strong>. TEM images of tau and α-syn PFFs in wild-type and mutant forms. (A) tau WT PFFs (<a href="/P5090-Human-Tau-441--2N4R-Pre-formed-Fibrils-Protein-Tag-Free.html" target="_blank">TAU-H5115</a>); (B) Tau K18 P301L mutant PFFs (<a href="/P7418-Human-Tau-441-K18%C2%A0%28P301L%29-Pre-formed-Fibrils-Protein-Tag-Free.html" target="_blank">TAU-H5113</a>); (C) α-syn WT PFFs (<a href="/P6903-Human-Alpha-Synuclein-Pre-formed-Fibrils-Protein-Tag-Free.html" target="_blank">ALN-H5115</a>); (D) α-syn A53T mutant PFFs (<a href="/P7632-Human-Alpha-Synuclein-%28A53T%29-Pre-formed-Fibrils-Protein-Tag-Free.html" target="_blank">ALN-H5114</a>). Scale Bar, 200 nm.</em></p><h2 class="Insights_title2">Aggregation Kinetics of tau and α-syn PFFs</h2><p class="Insights_title_p"><span style="font-size:1.5em; font-weight:bold;">T</span>o investigate the aggregation kinetics of tau and α-syn PFFs, Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence assay was performed, which is sensitive to detect β-sheet-rich protein aggregates. In the tau ThT assay (Figure 2A), tau monomers (blue curve) showed slower aggregation, with fluorescence rising after 25 hours. In contrast, the addition of PFF (red curve) significantly accelerated the aggregation process, reducing the lag phase and increasing fluorescence intensity. Tau PFFs alone (orange-red curve) showed consistent fluorescence throughout the experiment, with no significant changes observed. In the α-syn ThT assay (Figure 2B), higher concentrations of α-syn PFFs led to faster aggregation (blue and green curves), indicated by shorter lag phases and increased fluorescence. α-syn monomers (yellow curve) showed a slower rise in fluorescence, reflecting delayed aggregation. The PBS control group in both tau and α-syn ThT assays exhibited no fluorescence increase, confirming the absence of aggregation. Therefore, the results demonstrate that both tau and α-syn PFFs significantly accelerated aggregation compared to their respective monomers.</p><p style="margin-top:20px;"><img alt="Application of Tau PFFs and Alpha-Synuclein PFFs in Neurodegenerative Disease Research Abstract" src="/images/upload/20240926/1727321486387901.jpg" width="90%"/></p><p class="Insights_title_p" style="text-align:center !important; font-size:1em !important;line-height:20px; margin-bottom:20px;"><em><strong>Figure 2</strong>. ThT seeding assay for tau and α-syn PFF. The emission curves show rising fluorescence over time, indicating aggregation when tau (<a href="/P5091-Human-Tau-441--2N4R-Protein-Tag-Free-%28MALS-verified%29.html" target="_blank">TAU-H5117</a>) and α-syn (<a href="/P5357-Human-Alpha-Synuclein-Protein-Tag-Free-%28MALS-verified%29.html" target="_blank">ALN-H5214</a>) monomers are added to tau PFFs (<a href="/P5090-Human-Tau-441--2N4R-Pre-formed-Fibrils-Protein-Tag-Free.html" target="_blank">TAU-H5115</a>) and α-syn PFFs (<a href="/P6903-Human-Alpha-Synuclein-Pre-formed-Fibrils-Protein-Tag-Free.html" target="_blank">ALN-H5115</a>), respectively.</em></p><h2 class="Insights_title2">In Vitro Modeling of Tau and α-syn Pathology</h2><p class="Insights_title_p"><span style="font-size:1.5em; font-weight:bold;">T</span>o further investigate the pathology of tau and α-syn, stable HEK293 cell lines expressing GFP-tagged 2N4R tau (amino acids 244–372, <a href="/P6404-HEK293Human-Tau-K18-%28GFP%29-Stable-Cell-Line.html" target="_blank">CHEK-ATP087</a>) and full-length GFP-tagged α-syn (<a href="/P6403-HEK293Human-Alpha-synuclein-%28GFP%29-Stable-Cell-Line.html" target="_blank">CHEK-ATP085</a>). These cells rarely form inclusions unless exposed to exogenous fibrils or prolonged passaging. After transfecting the cells with wild-type and mutant tau and α-syn PFFs, the formation of nuclear speckles and juxtanuclear inclusion bodies was observed using confocal microscopy. Moreover, Lipofectamine 2000 (Lipo2000)-mediated transduction enhanced the aggregation of both tau and α-syn protein, with mutant PFFs resulting in a greater number of inclusion bodies compared to wild-type (Figure 3A), suggesting that protein mutations increase aggregation and toxicity. The aggregated state is stably inherited, as cells with inclusion bodies tend to form localized clusters4. To evaluate whether the transfected cells exhibited similar behavior, we isolated and expanded cell lines containing tau and α-syn inclusion bodies in 96-well or 384-well plates. Quantified the proportion of inclusion body-positive cells using high-content microscopy. Our findings indicated that the inclusion body-positive morphology was maintained across multiple passages, demonstrating stable propagation of tau and α-syn aggregates (Figure 3B). This methodology successfully identified highly toxic cells with pronounced expression of inclusion bodies.</p><p style="margin-top:20px;"><img alt="Application of Tau PFFs and Alpha-Synuclein PFFs in Neurodegenerative Disease Research Abstract" src="/images/upload/20240926/1727341926961785.jpg" width="70%"/></p><p class="Insights_title_p" style="text-align:center !important; font-size:1em !important;line-height:20px; margin-bottom:20px;"><em><strong>Figure 3</strong>. PFFs induce aggregation in cellular models. (A) Quantitative analysis of protein aggregation scores across different groups treated with PFFs of α-syn (<a href="/P7632-Human-Alpha-Synuclein-%28A53T%29-Pre-formed-Fibrils-Protein-Tag-Free.html" target="_blank">ALN-H5114</a>, <a href="/P6903-Human-Alpha-Synuclein-Pre-formed-Fibrils-Protein-Tag-Free.html" target="_blank">ALN-H5115</a>) and tau (<a href="/P7418-Human-Tau-441-K18%C2%A0%28P301L%29-Pre-formed-Fibrils-Protein-Tag-Free.html" target="_blank">TAU-H5113</a>) or GFP controls, with and without lipid-based transfection agents. (B) Representative fluorescence images showing the progression of α-syn and tau aggregation in cellular models after two rounds of treatment with PFFs.</em></p><h2 class="Insights_title2">Conclusion</h2><p class="Insights_title_p"><span style="font-size:1.5em; font-weight:bold;">T</span>his study demonstrates that tau and α-syn PFFs effectively induce aggregation in HEK293 cell lines expressing GFP-tagged tau and α-synuclein, providing a model for studying neurodegenerative diseases like AD and PD. We observed that both wildtype and mutant PFFs promote aggregation, with mutant forms (tau P301L and α-syn A53T) leading to more aggressive pathology, consistent with their higher toxicity in clinical cases. Lipofectamine 2000 (Lipo2000) significantly enhanced the efficiency of PFFs transduction, increasing the aggregation of endogenous proteins. The stable inheritance of tau and α-syn aggregates across cell generations highlights the persistent nature of these aggregates and their potential role in disease progression. These findings underscore the utility of PFFs for studying protein aggregation mechanisms and for screening therapeutic compounds that target aggregation and its propagation. Further studies in more complex models, such as organoids and animal systems, are warranted to better replicate human disease conditions and advance our understanding of neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis.</p><h2 class="Insights_title2">Methods and Materials</h2><p class="Insights_title_p"><strong style="font-size: 1.2em;">Cell Culture</strong> <br/>293T cells were passaged by pre-warming PBS, trypsin, and DMEM medium (10% FBS, 1% penicillin-streptomycin). After aspirating the culture medium, cells were rinsed with PBS and digested with trypsin at 37°C for 5 minutes. DMEM was added to stop digestion, and cells were centrifuged at 800 rpm for 3 minutes. The pellet was resuspended in DMEM and transferred to a new dish for continued culture.</p><p class="Insights_title_p" style="margin-top: 10px;"><strong style="font-size: 1.2em;">PFFs Preparation</strong> <br/>Tau and α-syn PFFs were prepared by diluting Tau and α-syn monomers to a concentration of 2-5 mg/ml. The protein solutions were incubated at 37°C with constant shaking for seven days. The quality and morphology of fibrils were assessed using TEM.</p><p class="Insights_title_p" style="margin-top: 10px;"><strong style="font-size: 1.2em;">ThT assays</strong> <br/>ThT (25 μM) was prepared in PBS and added to protein samples in a 96-well plate (100 μL per well). PFFs (9 μM) or monomers (120 μM) (or both) were incubated at 37°C, 200 rpm. Measure fluorescence using a CLARIOstar plate reader at 450 nm excitation and 485 nm emission every 1-72 hours to track aggregation.</p><p class="Insights_title_p" style="margin-top: 10px;"><strong style="font-size: 1.2em;">PFFs Transduction</strong> <br/>Cells were transduced with PFFs using Lipofectamine 2000 (Lipo2000, Invitrogen). 100 μL Opti-MEM containing 8 μL Lipo2000 was mixed with an equal volume of sonicated PFFs and incubated for 25 minutes at room temperature. The mixture was then added to the cells in a 12-well plate and incubated at 37°C with 5% CO₂ for 48 hours.</p><p class="Insights_title_p" style="margin-top: 10px;"><strong style="font-size: 1.2em;">Aggregation Detection</strong> <br/>After transduction, cells were washed with PBS and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 15 minutes. Aggregation of GFP-tagged tau and α-syn was detected using confocal microscopy. The number and morphology of inclusions were quantified by high-content microscopy.</p><h2 class="Insights_title2">Reference:</h2><p style="margin-bottom:5px;">1. Rawat, P., Sehar, U., Bisht, J., Selman, A., Culberson, J., and Reddy, P.H. (2022). Phosphorylated Tau in Alzheimer's Disease and Other Tauopathies. Int J Mol Sci 23. 10.3390/ijms232112841.</p><p style="margin-bottom:5px;">2. Cookson, M.R. (2009). alpha-Synuclein and neuronal cell death. Mol Neurodegener 4, 9. 10.1186/1750-1326-4-9.</p><p style="margin-bottom:5px;">3. Jan, A., Gonçalves, N.P., Vaegter, C.B., Jensen, P.H., and Ferreira, N. (2021). The Prion-Like Spreading of Alpha-Synuclein in Parkinson's Disease: Update on Models and Hypotheses. Int J Mol Sci 22. 10.3390/ijms22158338.</p><p style="margin-bottom:5px;">4. Kaufman, S.K., Sanders, D.W., Thomas, T.L., Ruchinskas, A.J., Vaquer-Alicea, J., Sharma, A.M., Miller, T.M., and Diamond, M.I. (2016). Tau Prion Strains Dictate Patterns of Cell Pathology, Progression Rate, and Regional Vulnerability In Vivo. Neuron 92, 796-812. 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.09.055.</p><p style="margin-bottom:5px;">5. Sanders, D.W., Kaufman, S.K., DeVos, S.L., Sharma, A.M., Mirbaha, H., Li, A., Barker, S.J., Foley, A.C., Thorpe, J.R., Serpell, L.C., et al. (2014). Distinct tau prion strains propagate in cells and mice and define different tauopathies. Neuron 82, 1271-1288. 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.04.047.</p><p style="margin-bottom:5px;">6. Peng, C., Wei, W., Zhang, H., Wang, Y., Chang, B., Zhao, W., Jia, L., Li, L., Lu, F., and Liu, F. (2024). Heterologous expression and fibrillary characterization of the microtubule-binding domain of tau associated with tauopathies. Molecular Biology Reports 51, 184. 10.1007/s11033-024-09231-z.</p><p style="margin-bottom:5px;">7. Bachmann, S., Bell, M., Klimek, J., and Zempel, H. (2021). Differential Effects of the Six Human TAU Isoforms: Somatic Retention of 2N-TAU and Increased Microtubule Number Induced by 4R-TAU. Front Neurosci 15, 643115. 10.3389/fnins.2021.643115.</p><p style="margin-bottom:5px;">8. Elbaum-Garfinkle, S., Cobb, G., Compton, J.T., Li, X.-H., and Rhoades, E. (2014). Tau mutants bind tubulin heterodimers with enhanced affinity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111, 6311-6316. doi:10.1073/pnas.1315983111.</p><p style="margin-bottom:5px;">9. Röntgen, A., Toprakcioglu, Z., Tomkins, J.E., and Vendruscolo, M. (2024). Modulation of α-synuclein in vitro aggregation kinetics by its alternative splice isoforms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 121, e2313465121. 10.1073/pnas.2313465121.</p><p style="margin-bottom:5px;">10. Polymeropoulos, M.H., Lavedan, C., Leroy, E., Ide, S.E., Dehejia, A., Dutra, A., Pike, B., Root, H., Rubenstein, J., Boyer, R., et al. (1997). Mutation in the alpha-synuclein gene identified in families with Parkinson's disease. Science 276, 2045-2047. 10.1126/science.276.5321.2045.</p><p style="margin-top:20px;"><a href="/A1718-Pre-formed-Fibrils-(PFFs).html" target="_blank"><img alt="Pre-formed Fibrils (PFFs)--A Novel Approach to Modeling Neurodegeneration" title="Pre-formed Fibrils (PFFs)--A Novel Approach to Modeling Neurodegeneration" src="/static/main/images/Product_PFFs/bannera.jpg" width="80%"/></a></p></div></div><div class="clear"></div></div><div class="clear"></div><style>.activityNewsDetail .content img{ margin: 10px auto; } .Insights_title_p a{ color: #cc3536; text-decoration: underline; } .bgbk{ background: #ccc; border-radius: 8px; padding: 15px 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; } .Insights_titleL { font-size: 1.2em; color: #000; line-height: 26px; text-align: left !important; margin-bottom: 10px; } .pro_table th { font-weight: bolder; color: #FFF; background: #cc3536; text-align: center; font-size: 1.2em; border: none; } .pro_table_box{ margin-bottom:30px; width:70%; margin:0 auto; } .Insights_title1 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All Rights Reserved</div> <div class="right"> <div class="link">|<a href="/A260-related-links.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Related Links</a>|<a href="/A49-AcroBiosystems-Privacy-Policy.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Privacy Policy</a>|<a href="/A1050-Terms-and-Conditions.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Terms and Conditions</a>|<a href="/A1049-legal.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Legal</a>|<a href="/sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div style="display: none;"> <input type="hidden" id="auto_user_name" value="" > <input type="hidden" id="auto_user_email" value="" > <input type="hidden" id="auto_user_mobile" value="" > <input type="hidden" id="auto_user_company" value="" > <input type="hidden" id="auto_user_job" value="" > <input type="hidden" id="auto_user_research" value="" > </div> <input type="hidden" id="click_bing_depth_3"> <style type="text/css"> .contEurope img{width:25px !important; height:auto !important;} .contEurope a{display:inline; 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box-shadow: none !important; } .embeddedServiceHelpButton .helpButton { height:100px; } /*初始化按钮样式 End */ .embeddedServiceSidebarMinimizedDefaultUI { min-width:180px; max-width:180px; height:40px; } .embeddedServiceSidebarButton { border-radius: 20px; background-color: #C43334; width:80%; height:40px; } .message{ background-color:#C43334; border-style:none; color:#fff; } .embeddedServiceSidebarFormField .uiInput .uiLabel-left{ font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-weight: bold; color:#666; line-height:2.25; } .embeddedServiceSidebarFormField .uiInput .required { left: -10px; top: -4px; } [embeddedService-chatHeader_chatHeader-host] { height:45px; min-height:45px; } .embeddedServiceSidebarFormField .slds-style-inputtext, .embeddedServiceSidebarFormField .slds-style-select { height:31px; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; } </style> <script src="https://service.force.com/embeddedservice/5.0/esw.min.js" type="text/javascript"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var initESW = function(gslbBaseURL, onlineChatuserInfo) { embedded_svc.settings.autoOpenPostChat = true; embedded_svc.settings.displayHelpButton = true; embedded_svc.settings.language = 'en'; embedded_svc.settings.defaultMinimizedText = 'Online - Welcome to ACROBiosystems'; embedded_svc.settings.disabledMinimizedText = 'Offline - Leave a message'; embedded_svc.settings.loadingText = 'Online - Welcome to ACROBiosystems'; embedded_svc.settings.prepopulatedPrechatFields = { FirstName: onlineChatuserInfo.firstName, LastName: onlineChatuserInfo.lastName, Email: onlineChatuserInfo.email, Company_Name__c: onlineChatuserInfo.company, Question_Type__c:'', Phone: onlineChatuserInfo.phone, }; // 将联系人字段赋值给会话 embedded_svc.settings.extraPrechatFormDetails = [ {"label":"Question Type", "transcriptFields": ["Question_Type__c"]}, {"label":"Company Name", "transcriptFields": ["Contact_Company_Name__c"]}, {"label":"Phone", "transcriptFields": ["Contact_Phone__c"]}, {"label": "Source URL","value": window.location.href,"displayToAgent": true,"transcriptFields" : ["RequstURL__c"]} ]; embedded_svc.settings.widgetWidth = "320px"; embedded_svc.settings.widgetHeight = "498px"; embedded_svc.settings.directToButtonRouting = function(prechatFormData) { if (prechatFormData[4].value === "Technical") return "573A9000000002L"; if (prechatFormData[4].value === "Service") return "573A9000000002L"; if (prechatFormData[4].value === "Non-technical") return "573A9000000002Q"; } embedded_svc.settings.enabledFeatures = ['LiveAgent']; embedded_svc.settings.entryFeature = 'LiveAgent'; embedded_svc.init( 'https://d7f000005vpftua0.my.salesforce.com', 'https://d7f000005vpftua0.my.salesforce-sites.com/acrobiosystems', gslbBaseURL, '00D7F000005VpFT', 'Acrolive', { baseLiveAgentContentURL: 'https://c.la1-core1.sfdc-mchho0.salesforceliveagent.com/content', deploymentId: '572A9000000001X', buttonId: '573A9000000002Q', baseLiveAgentURL: 'https://d.la1-core1.sfdc-mchho0.salesforceliveagent.com/chat', eswLiveAgentDevName: 'EmbeddedServiceLiveAgent_Parent04IA9000000000pMAA_18792d6e3fc', isOfflineSupportEnabled: false } ); }; const onlineChatuserInfo = {firstName:'', lastName: '', email: document.getElementById("auto_user_email").value, company:document.getElementById("auto_user_company").value, phone: document.getElementById("auto_user_mobile").value}; if (!window.embedded_svc) { var s = document.createElement('script'); s.setAttribute('src', 'https://d7f000005vpftua0.my.salesforce.com/embeddedservice/5.0/esw.min.js'); s.onload = function() { initESW(null, onlineChatuserInfo); }; document.body.appendChild(s); } else { initESW('https://service.force.com', onlineChatuserInfo); } </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var loadInit = self.setInterval("loadInput()", 300); var loadInit2 = self.setInterval("loadInput2()", 300); function loadInput2() { var comdiv = document.getElementsByClassName("showDockableContainer")[0]; var sidebar = document.getElementsByClassName("sidebarBody")[0]; if (comdiv != undefined) { // 弹窗 Header var buttonElement = document.querySelector( "[c-preChatHeaderLWC_preChatHeaderLWC-host]" ); // 鼠标形状是小手 if(buttonElement != undefined){ buttonElement.style.cursor ='pointer'; } if(comdiv.style.width == "320px"){ sidebar.style.width = "318px" } var dismaxbuttonId = ''; var minbuttonId = ''; if( dismaxbuttonId == '' || minbuttonId == ''){ for(var i = 0;i < 100;i++){ var indexNo = i == 0?'1':i+'1'; if(buttonElement != undefined){ var dismaxbuttonIdf = '#utilityexpand_alt-'+indexNo; var dismaxbutton = buttonElement.shadowRoot.querySelector( dismaxbuttonIdf ); if(dismaxbutton != undefined){ dismaxbuttonId = dismaxbuttonIdf } var minbuttonIdf = '#utilitycontract_alt-'+indexNo; var disminbutton = buttonElement.shadowRoot.querySelector( minbuttonIdf ); if(disminbutton != undefined){ minbuttonId = minbuttonIdf } } } } if( dismaxbuttonId == '' || minbuttonId == ''){ for(var i = 0;i < 100;i++){ for(var j = 0;j < 100;j++){ var indexNo = i+ ''+ j; if(buttonElement != undefined){ var dismaxbuttonIdf = '#utilityexpand_alt-'+indexNo; var dismaxbutton = buttonElement.shadowRoot.querySelector( dismaxbuttonIdf ); if(dismaxbutton != undefined){ dismaxbuttonId = dismaxbuttonIdf } var minbuttonIdf = '#utilitycontract_alt-'+indexNo; var disminbutton = buttonElement.shadowRoot.querySelector( minbuttonIdf ); if(disminbutton != undefined){ minbuttonId = minbuttonIdf } } } } } var maxbutton ; var dismaxbutton; var minbutton ; var disminbutton; var minbutton2; var closebutton; if(buttonElement != undefined){ //最大化按钮 maxbutton = buttonElement.shadowRoot.querySelector( 'lightning-icon[class="slds-icon-utility-expand-alt slds-icon_container"]' ); // 隐藏最大化按钮 dismaxbutton = buttonElement.shadowRoot.querySelector( dismaxbuttonId ); //还原按钮 minbutton = buttonElement.shadowRoot.querySelector( 'lightning-icon[class="slds-icon-utility-contract-alt slds-icon_container"]' ); // 隐藏还原按钮 disminbutton = buttonElement.shadowRoot.querySelector( minbuttonId ); // 最小化按钮 minbutton2 = buttonElement.shadowRoot.querySelector( 'lightning-icon[class="slds-icon-utility-minimize-window slds-icon_container"]' ); // 关闭按钮 closebutton = buttonElement.shadowRoot.querySelector( 'lightning-icon[class="slds-icon-utility-close slds-icon_container"]' ); } //最大化 if (maxbutton != undefined) { // 隐藏最大化图标 if(comdiv.style.height != "100vh" ){ disminbutton.style.display= 'none'; dismaxbutton.style.display= 'block'; } // 保留最大化前弹窗位置 var popupLeft = comdiv.style.left; var popupRight = comdiv.style.right; var popupTop = comdiv.style.top; var popupBittom = comdiv.style.bittom; maxbutton.onclick = function () { if(dismaxbutton != undefined){ dismaxbutton.style.display= 'none'; } if(disminbutton != undefined){ disminbutton.style.display= 'block'; } // 外部弹窗大小 comdiv.style.width = "96%"; comdiv.style.left = "2%"; comdiv.style.top = "0"; comdiv.style.height = "100vh"; // 内部弹窗大小 var clientwidth = document.documentElement.clientWidth || document.body.clientWidth; sidebar.style.width = (clientwidth*0.96 -2) +'px'; sidebar.style.left = "0"; sidebar.style.top = "0"; sidebar.style.height = "100vh"; //还原 if (minbutton != undefined) { minbutton.onclick = function () { comdiv.style.left = popupLeft; comdiv.style.right = popupRight; comdiv.style.top = popupTop; comdiv.style.bittom = popupBittom; if(dismaxbutton != undefined){ dismaxbutton.style.display= 'block'; } // 隐藏还原按钮图标 if(disminbutton != undefined){ disminbutton.style.display= 'none'; } comdiv.style.width = "320px"; comdiv.style.height = "498px"; sidebar.style.width = "318px"; sidebar.style.height = "498px"; clearInterval(loadInit2); }; } else { clearInterval(loadInit2); } }; } if(minbutton2 != undefined){ minbutton2.onclick = function () { dismaxbutton.style.display= 'block'; disminbutton.style.display= 'none'; } } if(closebutton != undefined){ closebutton.onclick = function () { dismaxbutton.style.display= 'block'; disminbutton.style.display= 'none'; } } loadInput(); // 弹窗移动 if(buttonElement != undefined){ buttonElement.onmousedown = function (e) { //spaceX鼠标在登录弹窗中，距离左边框的左偏移量 var spaceX = e.clientX - comdiv.offsetLeft; //spaceY鼠标在登录弹窗中，距离上边框的上偏移量 var spaceY = e.clientY - comdiv.offsetTop; //按下login_title区域，为整个网页文档注册鼠标移动事件 document.onmousemove = function (e) { if(comdiv.style.width == "320px"){ sidebar.style.width = "318px" } var clientHeight = document.documentElement.clientHeight || document.body.clientHeight; var clientwidth = document.documentElement.clientWidth || document.body.clientWidth; 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Application of Tau PFFs and Alpha-Synuclein PFFs in Neurodegenerative Disease Research - ACROBiosystems