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Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bel_en_die_draak" title="Bel en die draak – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bel en die draak" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B9%D9%84_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86" title="بعل والتنين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بعل والتنين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bel_a%27r_Ddraig" title="Bel a'r Ddraig – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bel a'r Ddraig" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bel_und_der_Drache" title="Bel und der Drache – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bel und der Drache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_de_Bel_y_el_Drag%C3%B3n" title="Historia de Bel y el Dragón – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Historia de Bel y el Dragón" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bel_kaj_la_Drako" title="Bel kaj la Drako – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bel kaj la Drako" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84_%D9%88_%D8%A7%DA%98%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7" title="بل و اژدها – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بل و اژدها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bel_et_le_Dragon" title="Bel et le Dragon – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bel et le Dragon" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bel_en_de_Draak" title="Bel en de Draak – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Bel en de Draak" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewa_Bel_dan_Naga_Babel" title="Dewa Bel dan Naga Babel – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dewa Bel dan Naga Babel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bel_e_il_Drago" title="Bel e il Drago – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bel e il Drago" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%9C_%D7%95%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9F" title="בל והתנין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בל והתנין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Bela_sy_ilay_Dragona" title="I Bela sy ilay Dragona – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="I Bela sy ilay Dragona" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bel_en_de_draak" title="Bel en de draak – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bel en de draak" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bel_e_o_Drag%C3%A3o" title="Bel e o Dragão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bel e o Dragão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Бел и дракон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бел и дракон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bel_and_the_Dragon" title="Bel and the Dragon – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bel and the Dragon" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si_Bel_at_ang_Dragon" title="Si Bel at ang Dragon – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Si Bel at ang Dragon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B9%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A7%DA%98%D8%AF%DB%81%D8%A7" title="بعل اور اژدہا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بعل اور اژدہا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%8B%92%E6%90%AD%E5%A4%A7%E9%BE%99" title="比勒搭大龙 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="比勒搭大龙" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%8B%92%E8%88%87%E5%A4%A7%E9%BE%8D" title="比勒與大龍 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="比勒與大龍" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_kdict_glass.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Nuvola_kdict_glass.svg/40px-Nuvola_kdict_glass.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Nuvola_kdict_glass.svg/60px-Nuvola_kdict_glass.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Nuvola_kdict_glass.svg/80px-Nuvola_kdict_glass.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>lacks <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBNs</a> for the books listed</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bel_and_the_Dragon&action=edit">add the ISBNs</a> or run the <a class="external text" href="http://tools.wmflabs.org/citations/process_page.php?edit=template&slow=1&user=Biblio+template+user&page=Bel_and_the_Dragon">citation bot</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kessler_Daniel_und_K%C3%B6nig_Cyrus_im_Tempel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Kessler_Daniel_und_K%C3%B6nig_Cyrus_im_Tempel.jpg/240px-Kessler_Daniel_und_K%C3%B6nig_Cyrus_im_Tempel.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Kessler_Daniel_und_K%C3%B6nig_Cyrus_im_Tempel.jpg/360px-Kessler_Daniel_und_K%C3%B6nig_Cyrus_im_Tempel.jpg 1.5x, 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0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title">Chapters of the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Book of Daniel</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Daniel%27s_Answer_to_the_King,_by_Briton_Riviere,_GMIII_MCAG_1937_123-001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Daniel's Answer to the King by Briton Rivière"><img alt="Daniel's Answer to the King by Briton Rivière" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Daniel%27s_Answer_to_the_King%2C_by_Briton_Riviere%2C_GMIII_MCAG_1937_123-001.jpg/100px-Daniel%27s_Answer_to_the_King%2C_by_Briton_Riviere%2C_GMIII_MCAG_1937_123-001.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Daniel%27s_Answer_to_the_King%2C_by_Briton_Riviere%2C_GMIII_MCAG_1937_123-001.jpg/150px-Daniel%27s_Answer_to_the_King%2C_by_Briton_Riviere%2C_GMIII_MCAG_1937_123-001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Daniel%27s_Answer_to_the_King%2C_by_Briton_Riviere%2C_GMIII_MCAG_1937_123-001.jpg/200px-Daniel%27s_Answer_to_the_King%2C_by_Briton_Riviere%2C_GMIII_MCAG_1937_123-001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="772" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="text-align:left; line-height:1.5em;padding-top:0.3em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_1" title="Daniel 1">Chapter 1: Induction into Babylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_2" title="Daniel 2">Chapter 2: Nebuchadnezzar's Dream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadrach,_Meshach,_and_Abednego" title="Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego">Chapter 3: The Fiery Furnace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_4" title="Daniel 4">Chapter 4: Nebuchadnezzar's Madness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belshazzar%27s_feast" title="Belshazzar's feast">Chapter 5: Belshazzar's Feast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_in_the_lions%27_den" title="Daniel in the lions' den">Chapter 6: Daniel in the Lions's Den</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_7" title="Daniel 7">Chapter 7: The Four Beasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_8" title="Daniel 8">Chapter 8: The Ram, He-Goat and Horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophecy_of_Seventy_Weeks" title="Prophecy of Seventy Weeks">Chapter 9: The Seventy Weeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel%27s_final_vision" title="Daniel's final vision">Chapters 10–12: Daniel's final vision</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Additions_to_Daniel" title="Additions to Daniel">Additions to Daniel</a>: </p> <ul><li>- <a href="/wiki/Prayer_of_Azariah_and_Song_of_the_Three_Holy_Children" title="Prayer of Azariah and Song of the Three Holy Children">Song of the Three Holy Children</a></li> <li>- <a href="/wiki/Susanna_(Book_of_Daniel)" title="Susanna (Book of Daniel)">Susanna and the Elders</a> (Daniel 13)</li> <li>- <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bel and the Dragon</a> (Daniel 14)</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Daniel_chapters" title="Template:Daniel chapters"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Daniel_chapters" title="Template talk:Daniel chapters"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Daniel_chapters" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Daniel chapters"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The narrative of <b>Bel and the Dragon</b> is incorporated as chapter 14 of the <a href="/wiki/Additions_to_Daniel" title="Additions to Daniel">extended Book of Daniel</a>. The original <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a> text in Greek survives in a single manuscript, <a href="/wiki/Codex_Chisianus" class="mw-redirect" title="Codex Chisianus">Codex Chisianus</a>, while the standard text is due to <a href="/wiki/Theodotion" title="Theodotion">Theodotion</a>, the 2nd-century AD revisor. </p><p>This chapter, along with chapter 13, is considered <a href="/wiki/Deuterocanonical_books" title="Deuterocanonical books">deuterocanonical</a>: it was unknown to early <a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_Judaism" title="Rabbinic Judaism">Rabbinic Judaism</a>, and while it is considered non-canonical by most <a href="/wiki/Protestants" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestants">Protestants</a>, it is canonical to <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a> Christians, and is found in the <a href="/wiki/Biblical_apocrypha" title="Biblical apocrypha">Apocrypha</a> section of some Protestant Bibles.<sup id="cite_ref-Hendrickson2009_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hendrickson2009-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Summaries">Summaries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bel_and_the_Dragon&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Summaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Daniel_Bel_et_le_dragon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Daniel_Bel_et_le_dragon.jpg/170px-Daniel_Bel_et_le_dragon.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Daniel_Bel_et_le_dragon.jpg/255px-Daniel_Bel_et_le_dragon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/Daniel_Bel_et_le_dragon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="488" /></a><figcaption>Daniel, Bel and the Dragon (France, 15th century)</figcaption></figure> <p>The chapter contains a single story which may previously have represented three separate narratives,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which place <a href="/wiki/Daniel_(biblical_figure)" title="Daniel (biblical figure)">Daniel</a> at the court of <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great" title="Cyrus the Great">Cyrus</a>, king of the Persians: "When King <a href="/wiki/Astyages" title="Astyages">Astyages</a> was laid to rest with his ancestors, Cyrus the Persian succeeded to his kingdom."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There Daniel "was a companion of the king, and was the most honored of all his Friends".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, while <a href="/wiki/Theodotion" title="Theodotion">Theodotion</a>'s Greek apparently dates the story to the time of Astyages, the <a href="/wiki/Old_Greek" title="Old Greek">Old Greek</a> versions of the story do not specify this.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As such, the real identity of the king is up for debate. Some Bibles, such as the <a href="/wiki/Douay-Rheims" class="mw-redirect" title="Douay-Rheims">Douay-Rheims</a>, use the more traditional identification of this king as being Evil-Merodach, or <a href="/wiki/Amel-Marduk" title="Amel-Marduk">Amel-Marduk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This identification is supported by the Scriptural Research Institute in their book <i>Septuagint: Daniel</i>, where they cited similarities between Amel-Marduk's reign and the account, namely that Amel-Marduk was the only king of Babylon to have seen religious riots during his reign.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bel">Bel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bel_and_the_Dragon&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Bel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The narrative of <a href="/wiki/Bel_(mythology)" title="Bel (mythology)">Bel</a> (Daniel 14:1–22) ridicules the <a href="/wiki/Idolatry" title="Idolatry">worship of idols</a>. The king asks Daniel, "You do not think Bel is a living god? Do you not see how much he eats and drinks every day?"<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to which Daniel answers that the idol is made of <a href="/wiki/Clay" title="Clay">clay</a> covered by <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a> and thus cannot eat or drink. Enraged, the king then demands that the seventy priests of Bel show him who consumes the offerings made to the idol. The priests then challenge the king to set the offerings as usual (which were "twelve great measures of fine flour, and forty sheep, and six vessels of wine") and then seal the entrance to the temple with his ring: if Bel does not consume the offerings, the priests are to be sentenced to death; otherwise, Daniel is to be killed. </p><p>Daniel then uncovers the ruse (by scattering ashes over the floor of the temple in the presence of the king after the priests have left) and shows that the "sacred" meal of Bel is actually consumed at night by the priests and their wives and children, who enter through a secret door when the temple's doors are sealed. </p><p>The next morning, the king comes to inspect the test by observing from above. He sees that the food has been consumed and points out that the <a href="/wiki/Wax_seals" class="mw-redirect" title="Wax seals">wax seals</a> he put on the temple doors are unbroken, and offers a <a href="/wiki/Hosanna" title="Hosanna">hosanna</a> to Bel. Daniel calls attention to the footprints on the temple floor; which the king then realizes by seeing footprints, along with more slender ones and smaller ones, shows that women and children also participated in the gluttony. The priests of Bel are then arrested and, confessing their deed, reveal the secret passage that they used to sneak inside the temple. They, their wives and children are put to death, and Daniel is permitted to destroy the idol of Bel and the temple. This version has been cited as an ancestor of the "<a href="/wiki/Locked-room_mystery" title="Locked-room mystery">locked-room mystery</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_dragon">The dragon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bel_and_the_Dragon&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The dragon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the brief companion narrative of the <a href="/wiki/Dragon" title="Dragon">dragon</a> (Daniel 14:23–30), "there was a great dragon which the Babylonians revered".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some time after the temple's condemnation the Babylonians worship the dragon. The king says that, unlike Bel, the dragon is a clear example of a live animal. Daniel promises to slay the dragon without the aid of a sword, and does so by baking pitch, fat, and hair (<i>trichas</i>) to make cakes (<i>mazas</i>, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_cuisine#Barley" title="Ancient Greek cuisine">barley-cakes</a>) that cause the dragon to burst open upon consumption. In other variants, other ingredients serve the purpose: in a form known to the <a href="/wiki/Midrash" title="Midrash">Midrash</a>, straw was fed in which nails were hidden,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or skins of camels were filled with hot coals.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A similar story occurs in the Persian poet <a href="/wiki/Ferdowsi" title="Ferdowsi">Ferdowsi</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Shahnameh" title="Shahnameh">Shahnameh</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a>, or "Iskandar", kills a dragon by feeding it cow hides stuffed with poison and tar.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Earlier scholarship has suggested a parallel between this text and the contest between <a href="/wiki/Marduk" title="Marduk">Marduk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tiamat" title="Tiamat">Tiamat</a> in Mesopotamian mythology, where the winds controlled by Marduk burst Tiamat open<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and barley-cake plays the same role as the wind.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, David DeSilva (2018) casts doubt on this reading.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bel_and_the_Dragon&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Susanna_(Book_of_Daniel)" title="Susanna (Book of Daniel)">Susanna (Book of Daniel)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bel_and_the_Dragon&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Hendrickson2009-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hendrickson2009_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Apocrypha-KJV-Reader's</i>. Hendrickson Publishers. 2009. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59856-464-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59856-464-8"><bdi>978-1-59856-464-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Apocrypha-KJV-Reader%27s&rft.pub=Hendrickson+Publishers&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-59856-464-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABel+and+the+Dragon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Biblical_Commentary" title="Jerome Biblical Commentary">Jerome Biblical Commentary</a></i>, vol. 1, p. 460, says of the second episode, "Although once an independent story, in its present form it is edited to follow the preceding tale;"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Daniel J. Harrington writes of Daniel 14:23–42: "This addition is a combination of three episodes" (Harrington, <i>Invitation to the Apocrypha</i>, p. 118);</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Doran writes, "The links between all the episodes in both versions are so pervasive that the narrative must be seen to be a whole. Such stories, of course, could theoretically have existed independently, but there is no evidence that they did." (<i>Harper's Bible Commentary</i>, p. 868).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Daniel+14:1&version=nrsvce">Daniel 14:1</a>, but <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Daniel+13:66&version=vulgate">Daniel 13:66</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In the Greek version that has survived, the verb form <i>parelaben</i> is a diagnostic Aramaism, reflecting Aramaic <i>qabbel</i> which here does not mean "receive" but "succeed to the Throne" (F. Zimmermann, "Bel and the Dragon", <i><a href="/wiki/Vetus_Testamentum" title="Vetus Testamentum">Vetus Testamentum</a></i> <b>8</b>.4 (October 1958), p 440.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Daniel+14:2&version=nrsvce">Daniel 14:2</a>, but <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Daniel+14:1&version=vulgate">Daniel 14:1</a> in the Vulgate</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPietersmaWright2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Pietersma" title="Albert Pietersma">Pietersma, Albert</a>; Wright, Benjamin G., eds. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ia801505.us.archive.org/10/items/a-new-english-translation-of-the-septuagint-2007-albert-pietersma-and-benjamin-g.-wright-jo-e-juizes/A%20New%20English%20Translation%20of%20the%20Septuagint%202007%20Albert%20Pietersma%20and%20Benjamin%20G.%20Wright%20%28J%C3%B3%20e%20Ju%C3%ADzes%29.pdf"><i>A New English Translation of the Septuagint</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. New York / Oxford: Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+New+English+Translation+of+the+Septuagint&rft.place=New+York+%2F+Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fia801505.us.archive.org%2F10%2Fitems%2Fa-new-english-translation-of-the-septuagint-2007-albert-pietersma-and-benjamin-g.-wright-jo-e-juizes%2FA%2520New%2520English%2520Translation%2520of%2520the%2520Septuagint%25202007%2520Albert%2520Pietersma%2520and%2520Benjamin%2520G.%2520Wright%2520%2528J%25C3%25B3%2520e%2520Ju%25C3%25ADzes%2529.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABel+and+the+Dragon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://philologic.northwestern.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.9:1:32:16.bie">"Philologic Results"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Philologic+Results&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphilologic.northwestern.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fphilologic%2Fgetobject.pl%3Fc.9%3A1%3A32%3A16.bie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABel+and+the+Dragon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://haydockcommentary.com/daniel-14">"Daniel 14 – Haydock Commentary Online"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Daniel+14+%E2%80%93+Haydock+Commentary+Online&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhaydockcommentary.com%2Fdaniel-14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABel+and+the+Dragon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbalJesus1901" class="citation book cs1">Abal, Daniel ben; Jesus, Habakkuk ben (1901). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=99VDEAAAQBAJ"><i>Septuagint: Daniel (Chisianus Version)</i></a>. Scriptural Research Institute. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-990289-24-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-990289-24-8"><bdi>978-1-990289-24-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Septuagint%3A+Daniel+%28Chisianus+Version%29&rft.pub=Scriptural+Research+Institute&rft.date=1901&rft.isbn=978-1-990289-24-8&rft.aulast=Abal&rft.aufirst=Daniel+ben&rft.au=Jesus%2C+Habakkuk+ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D99VDEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABel+and+the+Dragon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usccb.org/bible/daniel/14">Daniel 14:6, <i>New American Bible</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWestlake1998" class="citation book cs1">Westlake, Donald E. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=h7OsO8GyjaAC&pg=PA7">"The Locked Room"</a>. <i>Murderous Schemes: An Anthology of Classic Detective Stories</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-510487-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-510487-5"><bdi>978-0-19-510487-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Locked+Room&rft.btitle=Murderous+Schemes%3A+An+Anthology+of+Classic+Detective+Stories&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-19-510487-5&rft.aulast=Westlake&rft.aufirst=Donald+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dh7OsO8GyjaAC%26pg%3DPA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABel+and+the+Dragon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usccb.org/bible/daniel/14"><i>New American Bible</i>, Daniel 14:23</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zimmermann 1958:438f, note 1 compares A. Neubauer, <i>Book of Tobit</i> (Oxford) 1878:43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zimmermann 1958:439, note 2 attests the Talmudic tractate <i><a href="/wiki/Nedarim_(tractate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nedarim (tractate)">Nedarim</a></i>, ed. Krotoschin, (1866) 37d.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zimmermann 1958:439, note 3 attests Spiegel, <i>Iranische Altertümer</i> II.293 and <a href="/wiki/Theodor_N%C3%B6ldeke" title="Theodor Nöldeke">Theodor Nöldeke</a>, <i>Beiträge zur geschichte Alexanderromans</i> (Vienna) 1890:22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.bl.uk/asian-and-african/2022/10/alexander-the-great-in-firdawsis-book-of-kings.html">"Alexander the Great in Firdawsi's Book of Kings"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alexander+the+Great+in+Firdawsi%27s+Book+of+Kings&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.bl.uk%2Fasian-and-african%2F2022%2F10%2Falexander-the-great-in-firdawsis-book-of-kings.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABel+and+the+Dragon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/jewishencycloped02sing#page/650/mode/2up">"Bel and the Dragon"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Encyclopedia">Jewish Encyclopedia</a></i>. Vol. 2. 1900s. pp. <span class="nowrap">650–</span>1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bel+and+the+Dragon&rft.btitle=Jewish+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E650-%3C%2Fspan%3E1&rft.date=1900&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fjewishencycloped02sing%23page%2F650%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABel+and+the+Dragon" class="Z3988"></span>; Zimmermann 1958.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zimmermann 1958:440.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DeSilva, David. <i>Introducing the Apocrypha, 2nd Edition Message, Context, and Significance</i>. Baker Academic, 2018, 250–263.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bel_and_the_Dragon&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amy-Jill_Levine" title="Amy-Jill Levine">Levine, Amy-Jill</a> 2010. "Commentary on 'Bel and the Dragon<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>" in Coogan, Michael D. <i>The New Oxford Annotated Bible</i> (fourth ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.</li> <li>F. Zimmermann, "Bel and the Dragon", <i><a href="/wiki/Vetus_Testamentum" title="Vetus Testamentum">Vetus Testamentum</a></i> 8.4 (October 1958)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bel_and_the_Dragon&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> Works related to <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Bel_and_the_Dragon" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (King James)/Bel and the Dragon">Bible (King James)/Bel and the Dragon</a> at Wikisource</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bel_and_the_Dragon" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Bel and the Dragon">Bel and the Dragon</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output 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dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Book_of_Daniel172" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Book_of_Daniel" title="Template:Book of Daniel"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Book_of_Daniel" title="Template talk:Book of Daniel"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Book_of_Daniel" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Book of Daniel"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Book_of_Daniel172" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Book of Daniel</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> <a href="/wiki/Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible" title="Chapters and verses of the Bible">chapters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_1" title="Daniel 1">Daniel 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_2" title="Daniel 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_4" title="Daniel 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_5" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_7" title="Daniel 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_8" title="Daniel 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_9" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_10" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_11" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_12" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel 12">12</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Additions_to_Daniel" title="Additions to Daniel">Additions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_of_Azariah_and_Song_of_the_Three_Holy_Children" title="Prayer of Azariah and Song of the Three Holy Children">Prayer of Azariah and Song of the Three Holy Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susanna_(Book_of_Daniel)" title="Susanna (Book of Daniel)">Susanna and the Elders</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bel and the Dragon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susa" title="Susa">Susa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belshazzar" title="Belshazzar">Belshazzar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great" title="Cyrus the Great">Cyrus the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_(biblical_figure)" title="Daniel (biblical figure)">Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darius_the_Mede" title="Darius the Mede">Darius the Mede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehoiakim" title="Jehoiakim">Jehoiakim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebuchadnezzar_II" title="Nebuchadnezzar II">Nebuchadnezzar II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmoni" title="Palmoni">Palmoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadrach,_Meshach,_and_Abednego" title="Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego">Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Angels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)" title="Michael (archangel)">Michael</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abomination_of_desolation" title="Abomination of desolation">Abomination of desolation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_of_Days" title="Ancient of Days">Ancient of Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belshazzar%27s_feast" title="Belshazzar's feast">Belshazzar's feast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_kingdoms_of_Daniel" title="Four kingdoms of Daniel">Four kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_in_the_lions%27_den" title="Daniel in the lions' den">Lion's den</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophecy_of_Seventy_Weeks" title="Prophecy of Seventy Weeks">Prophecy of Seventy Weeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_man" title="Son of man">Son of man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_spirit" title="Territorial spirit">Territorial spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watcher_(angel)" title="Watcher (angel)">Watcher (angel)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Christian interpretations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Futurism_(Christianity)" title="Futurism (Christianity)">Futurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historicism_(Christianity)" title="Historicism (Christianity)">Historicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historicist_interpretations_of_the_Book_of_Daniel" title="Historicist interpretations of the Book of Daniel">Historicist interpretations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idealism_(Christian_eschatology)" title="Idealism (Christian eschatology)">Idealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preterism" title="Preterism">Preterism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manuscripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_967" title="Papyrus 967">Papyrus 967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_62" title="Papyrus 62">Papyrus 62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Chisianus_45" title="Codex Chisianus 45">Codex Chisianus 45</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/he:%D7%93%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9C_%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%93" class="extiw" title="wikisource:he:דניאל ניקוד">Hebrew Bible</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/el:%CE%94%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%AE%CE%BB" class="extiw" title="wikisource:el:Δανιήλ">Septuagint</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Daniel" class="extiw" title="wikisource:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Daniel">Latin Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(Wycliffe)/Daniel" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (Wycliffe)/Daniel">Wycliffe Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Daniel" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (King James)/Daniel">King James Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Daniel" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Daniel">American Standard Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(World_English)/Daniel" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (World English)/Daniel">World English Version</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/173834373">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Bibel. 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