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<div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Mrežno mjesto"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sadržaj" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Klasifikacija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klasifikacija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Klasifikacija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klasifikacija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Obilježja" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Obilježja"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Obilježja</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Obilježja-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Obilježja</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Obilježja-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fonologija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fonologija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Fonologija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fonologija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Morfologija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Morfologija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Morfologija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Morfologija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rječnik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rječnik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Rječnik</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rječnik-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Rječnik</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Rječnik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Antroponimi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antroponimi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Antroponimi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antroponimi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Toponimi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toponimi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Toponimi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toponimi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kalendar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kalendar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Kalendar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kalendar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Epigrafija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Epigrafija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Epigrafija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Epigrafija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U_klasičnim_izvorima" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U_klasičnim_izvorima"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>U klasičnim izvorima</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U_klasičnim_izvorima-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U_koini" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U_koini"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>U <i>koini</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U_koini-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Povezani_članci" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Povezani_članci"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Povezani članci</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Povezani_članci-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bilješke" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bilješke"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bilješke</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bilješke-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaz sadržaja stranice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaz sadržaja stranice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Staromakedonski jezik</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupan je na 29 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A9" title="اللغة المقدونية القديمة – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة المقدونية القديمة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiguu_idioma_macedoniu" title="Antiguu idioma macedoniu – asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Antiguu idioma macedoniu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Древномакедонски език – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Древномакедонски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antic_macedoni" title="Antic macedoni – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Antic macedoni" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antick%C3%A1_makedon%C5%A1tina" title="Antická makedonština – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Antická makedonština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makedonische_Sprache" title="Makedonische Sprache – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Makedonische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%B4%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Αρχαία μακεδονική γλώσσα – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αρχαία μακεδονική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Macedonian_language" title="Ancient Macedonian language – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ancient Macedonian language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiguo_idioma_macedonio" title="Antiguo idioma macedonio – španjolski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Antiguo idioma macedonio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španjolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="زبان مقدونی باستان – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان مقدونی باستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muinainen_makedonia" title="Muinainen makedonia – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Muinainen makedonia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancien_mac%C3%A9donien" title="Ancien macédonien – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ancien macédonien" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_macedonia_antiga" title="Lingua macedonia antiga – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua macedonia antiga" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A2%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="מקדונית עתיקה – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מקדונית עתיקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Makedonia_Kuno" title="Bahasa Makedonia Kuno – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Makedonia Kuno" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_macedone_antica" title="Lingua macedone antica – talijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua macedone antica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B1%E3%83%89%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2%E8%AA%9E" title="古代マケドニア語 – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="古代マケドニア語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Macedonica_antiqua" title="Lingua Macedonica antiqua – latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Macedonica antiqua" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senov%C4%97s_makedon%C5%B3_kalba" title="Senovės makedonų kalba – litavski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Senovės makedonų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litavski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Старомакедонски јазик – makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Старомакедонски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oudmacedonisch" title="Oudmacedonisch – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Oudmacedonisch" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gammelmakedonsk" title="Gammelmakedonsk – norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gammelmakedonsk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_macedo%C5%84ski_(helle%C5%84ski)" title="Język macedoński (helleński) – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język macedoński (helleński)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_maced%C3%B4nia_antiga" title="Língua macedônia antiga – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua macedônia antiga" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Древнемакедонский язык – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Древнемакедонский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fornmakedonska" title="Fornmakedonska – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fornmakedonska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antik_Makedonca" title="Antik Makedonca – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Antik Makedonca" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Давньомакедонська мова – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Давньомакедонська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A0%93%E8%AA%9E" title="古馬其頓語 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="古馬其頓語" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Povezane_promjene/Staromakedonski_jezik" rel="nofollow" title="Nedavne promjene na stranicama koje su povezane s navedenom stranicom [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Povezane promjene</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Upload" title="Postavi datoteke [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Postavi datoteku</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Posebne_stranice" title="Popis svih posebnih stranica [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Posebne stranice</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Staromakedonski_jezik&oldid=7067015" title="Trajna poveznica na ovu verziju stranice"><span>Trajna poveznica</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Staromakedonski_jezik&action=info" title="Više informacija o ovoj stranici"><span>Podatci o stranici</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Citiraj&page=Staromakedonski_jezik&id=7067015&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacije o tome kako citirati ovu stranicu"><span>Citiraj ovu stranicu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Skra%C4%87iva%C4%8D_adresa&url=https%3A%2F%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FStaromakedonski_jezik"><span>Skraćeni URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FStaromakedonski_jezik"><span>Preuzmi QR kôd</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ispis/izvoz </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Zbirka&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Staromakedonski+jezik"><span>Stvori knjigu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:DownloadAsPdf&page=Staromakedonski_jezik&action=show-download-screen"><span>Preuzmi kao PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Staromakedonski_jezik&printable=yes" title="Inačica za ispis ove stranice [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Inačica za ispis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikimedijini projekti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q35974" title="Poveznica na stavku na projektu Wikipodatci [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Stavka na Wikipodatcima</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izgled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izgled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Izvor: Wikipedija</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="hr" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:MAPAncientMacedonian.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/MAPAncientMacedonian.png/310px-MAPAncientMacedonian.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/MAPAncientMacedonian.png/465px-MAPAncientMacedonian.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/MAPAncientMacedonian.png/620px-MAPAncientMacedonian.png 2x" data-file-width="1912" data-file-height="948" /></a><figcaption>područje staromakedonskoga jezika</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Staromakedonski jezik</b> upotrebljavali su <a href="/w/index.php?title=Makedonci_(anti%C4%8Dki)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Makedonci (antički) (stranica ne postoji)">antički Makedonci</a>, a bio je ili dijalekt <a href="/wiki/Starogr%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Starogrčki jezik">grčkoga</a> ili poseban <a href="/wiki/Helenski_jezici" title="Helenski jezici">helenski jezik</a>. Rabio se u <a href="/wiki/Kraljevina_Makedonija" title="Kraljevina Makedonija">Kraljevini Makedoniji</a> tijekom <a href="/wiki/1._tisu%C4%87lje%C4%87e_pr._Kr." title="1. tisućljeće pr. Kr.">prvog tisućljeća prije Krista</a>. Postupno je izašao iz upotrebe tijekom <a href="/wiki/4._stolje%C4%87e_pr._Kr." title="4. stoljeće pr. Kr.">4. st. pr. Kr.</a> jer ga je iz makedonske <a href="/wiki/Aristokracija" title="Aristokracija">aristokracije</a> izbacilo <a href="/wiki/Ati%C4%8Dko_narje%C4%8Dje" title="Atičko narječje">atičko narječje</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Iako je glavnina preživjelih natpisa pisana atičkim (i kasnije <i><a href="/wiki/Koine" title="Koine">koinom</a></i>),<sup id="cite_ref-RoismanWorthington2011_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RoismanWorthington2011-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CambridgeAncientHistory_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CambridgeAncientHistory-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> djelomična dokumentacija svakodnevnoga lokalnog jezika potječe iz <a href="/wiki/Onomastika" title="Onomastika">onomastike</a>, antičkih rječnika i novootkrivenih <a href="/wiki/Epigrafika" title="Epigrafika">epigrafa</a> u <a href="/wiki/Gr%C4%8Dka" title="Grčka">Grčkoj</a> <a href="/wiki/Makedonija_(regija)" title="Makedonija (regija)">Makedoniji</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Crespo2017_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crespo2017-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hornblower2002_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hornblower2002-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Klasifikacija">Klasifikacija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Staromakedonski_jezik&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak: Klasifikacija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Staromakedonski_jezik&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Klasifikacija"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zbog slabe posvjedočenosti moguće su razne interpretacije.<sup id="cite_ref-Joseph2001_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joseph2001-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Predložene klasifikacije uključuju:<sup id="cite_ref-Mallory1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mallory1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hatzopoulos2017_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hatzopoulos2017-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>dijalekt grčkoga, dio <a href="/wiki/Sjeverozapadno_dorsko_narje%C4%8Dje" title="Sjeverozapadno dorsko narječje">sjeverozapadne dorske skupine</a>, prvi je postavio Freidrich Wilhelm Sturz (1808.),<sup id="cite_ref-Hatzopoulos2020_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hatzopoulos2020-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a kasnije Olivier Masson,<sup id="cite_ref-OxfordClassicalDictionary_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OxfordClassicalDictionary-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Michael Meier-Brügger,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Johannes Engels,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> J. Méndez Dosuna,<sup id="cite_ref-Dosuna2012_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dosuna2012-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Joachim Matzinger, Emilio Crespo,<sup id="cite_ref-Crespo2017_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crespo2017-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Claude Brixhe<sup id="cite_ref-Brixhe2018_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brixhe2018-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i M. B. Hacopulos<sup id="cite_ref-Hatzopoulos2020_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hatzopoulos2020-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>dijalekt grčkoga povezan s <a href="/wiki/Eolsko_narje%C4%8Dje" title="Eolsko narječje">eolskim grčkim</a> ili njegov dio, pretpostavili su August Flick,<sup id="cite_ref-OxfordClassicalDictionary_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OxfordClassicalDictionary-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Otto Hoffmann,<sup id="cite_ref-OxfordClassicalDictionary_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OxfordClassicalDictionary-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> N. G. L. Hammond<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i Ian Worthington<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>sestrinski jezik grčkomu, grčki i makedonski bili bi dvije grane grčko-makedonske podgrupe,<sup id="cite_ref-Joseph2001_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joseph2001-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> postavio je Georgjev,<sup id="cite_ref-georgiev_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-georgiev-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> potom Joseph<sup id="cite_ref-Joseph2001_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joseph2001-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i Hamp.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Obilježja"><span id="Obilje.C5.BEja"></span>Obilježja</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Staromakedonski_jezik&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak: Obilježja" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Staromakedonski_jezik&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Obilježja"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fonologija">Fonologija</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Staromakedonski_jezik&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak: Fonologija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Staromakedonski_jezik&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Fonologija"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zbog nedostatka izvora staromakedonskoga, posebnosti njegove <a href="/wiki/Fonologija" title="Fonologija">fonologije</a> teško je rekonstruirati. Vrlo je zanimljiv zakon kojim <a href="/wiki/Indoeuropska_fonologija" title="Indoeuropska fonologija">praindoeuropski zvučni aspiranti</a> (/bʰ/, /dʰ/, /gʰ/) ponekad u staromakedonskome daju <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zvu%C4%8Dnost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zvučnost (stranica ne postoji)">zvučne</a> <a href="/wiki/Zapornik" title="Zapornik">plozive</a> (/<a href="/wiki/Zvu%C4%8Dni_bilabijalni_ploziv" title="Zvučni bilabijalni ploziv">b</a>/, /<a href="/wiki/Zvu%C4%8Dni_alveolarni_ploziv" title="Zvučni alveolarni ploziv">d</a>/, /<a href="/wiki/Zvu%C4%8Dni_velarni_ploziv" title="Zvučni velarni ploziv">g</a>/, zapisuju se <a href="/wiki/Beta_(slovo)" title="Beta (slovo)">β</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delta" title="Delta">δ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gama" title="Gama">γ</a>) iako su u ostatku starogrčkoga bezvučni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aspiracija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aspiracija (stranica ne postoji)">aspiranti</a> (/pʰ/, /tʰ/, /kʰ/, zapisuju se <a href="/wiki/Fi" title="Fi">φ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theta" title="Theta">θ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hi" title="Hi">χ</a>). Primjerice: </p> <ul><li>makedonski <b>δάνος</b> <i>dánοs</i>, atički <b>θάνατος</b> <i>thánatos</i>, 'smrt'</li> <li>makedonski <b>ἀβροῦτες</b> <i>abroûtes</i> ili <b>ἀβροῦϝες</b> <i>abroûwes</i>, atički <b>ὀφρῦς</b> <i>ophrûs</i>, 'obrve'</li> <li>makedonski <b>Βερενίκη</b> <i>Bereníkē</i>, atički <b>Φερενίκη</b> <i>Phereníkē</i>, 'pobjedonosac' (osobno ime)</li> <li>makedonski <b>ἄδραια</b> <i>adraia,</i> atički <b>αἰθρία</b> <i>aithría</i>, 'vedro vrijeme'</li> <li>makedonski <b>βάσκιοι</b> <i>báskioi</i> ('svežnjevi'), atički <b>φάσκωλος</b> <i>pháskōlos</i> ('kožnata vreće')</li> <li>prema <a href="/wiki/Herodot" title="Herodot">Herodotu</a> 7.73, Makedonjani su smatrali da su se <i>Frigi</i> zvali <i>Brigi</i> prije nego što su migrirali iz <a href="/wiki/Zapadna_Tracija" title="Zapadna Tracija">Tracije</a> u <a href="/wiki/Anatolija" title="Anatolija">Anatoliju</a></li> <li>prema <a href="/wiki/Plutarh" title="Plutarh">Plutarhu</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moralija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moralija (stranica ne postoji)">moralski</a> Makedonci rabili su 'b' umjesto 'ph', a <a href="/wiki/Delfi" title="Delfi">delfski</a> 'b' umjesto 'p'</li> <li>makedonsko <b>μάγειρος</b> <i>mágeiros</i> ('mesar') bila je posuđenica iz <a href="/wiki/Dorsko_narje%C4%8Dje" title="Dorsko narječje">dorskog</a> u atički, Vittore Pisani predložio je da je riječ originalno došla iz makedonskoga, pa bi po tome bila srodna riječi <b>μάχαιρα</b> <i>mákhaira</i>, 'nož'<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Ako je <b>γοτάν</b> <i>gotán</i> ('svinja') povezano s <a href="/wiki/Indoeuropski_prajezik" title="Indoeuropski prajezik">PIE</a> *<i>g<sup>w</sup>ou</i> ('govedo'), to bi značilo da su labiovelari bili netaknuti ili su se stopili s <a href="/w/index.php?title=Velarni_suglasnik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Velarni suglasnik (stranica ne postoji)">velarima</a> za razliku od uobičajenog grčkog tretmana (atički <b>βοῦς</b> <i>boûs</i>). Ovakva odstupanja nisu nepoznata u grčkim narječjima, primjerice lakonski dorski (<a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a>) <b>γλεπ-</b> <i>glep-</i> za uobičajeni grčki <b>βλεπ-</b> <i>blep-</i> kao i dorski <b>γλάχων</b> <i>gláchōn</i> te <a href="/wiki/Jonsko_narje%C4%8Dje" title="Jonsko narječje">jonski</a> <b>γλήχων</b> <i>glēchōn</i> za uobičajeni grčki <b>βλήχων</b> <i>blēchōn</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Stuttgart-1930_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stuttgart-1930-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mnogi primjeri pokazuju da je /g/ postalo /<a href="/wiki/Bezvu%C4%8Dni_velarni_ploziv" title="Bezvučni velarni ploziv">k</a>/, posebno na kraju riječi: <b>κάναδοι</b> <i>kánadoi</i>, 'čeljusti' (< PIE *<i>genu-</i>); <b>κόμβους</b> <i>kómbous</i>, 'kutnjaci' (< PIE *<i>gombh-</i>), u sredini riječi: <b>ἀρκόν</b> <i>arkón</i> (atički <b>ἀργός</b> <i>argós</i>); makedonski <a href="/wiki/Toponim" title="Toponim">toponim</a> <i>Akesamenai</i>, od pijerijskog imena <i>Akesamenos</i> (ako je <i>Akesa-</i> povezano s grčkim <i>agassomai</i>, <i>agamai</i>, 'začuditi'; usp. trački <i>Agassamenos</i>). </p><p>U <a href="/wiki/Aristofan" title="Aristofan">Aristofanovim</a> <i>Pticama</i> može se pronaći oblik <b>κεβλήπυρις</b> <i>keblēpyris</i> ('crvena glava', ime ptice, češljugar ili zeba)<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> koji pokazuje makedonski zvučni ploziv umjesto standardnog bezvučnog aspiranta: <b>κεβ(α)λή</b> <i>keb(a)lē</i> umjesto <b>κεφαλή</b> <i>kephalē</i> ('glava'). </p><p>E. Crespo napisao je <i>da se ispostavlja da su ozvučenje bezvučnih ploziva i razvoj aspiranata u zvučne frikative rezultat unutarnjeg razvoja makedonskog kao dijalekta grčkog</i> bez isključivanja <i>prisutnosti primjesa iz drugih jezika ili jezičnih supstrata ili adstrata</i>, s time se slaže i M. Hacopulos.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Puno je makedonskih riječi osporovano (to jest, ne smatraju se pravim makedonskim riječima), a neke su možda korumpirane u prijenosu. Tako je <i>abroutes</i> također poznato kao <i>abrouwes</i> (<i>αβρουϝες)</i>, sa slovom <a href="/wiki/Tau" title="Tau">tau</a> umjesto <a href="/wiki/Digama" title="Digama">digame</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Međutim, drugi (npr. A. Meillet) dental smatraju autentičnim i smatraju da bi ova specifična riječ možda pripadala nekom indoeuropskom jeziku različitom od grčkog. </p><p>Panajotu sažima obilježja koja se često pronalaze u antičkim tekstovima i na epigrafima: </p> <ul><li>ponekad se zvučni aspiranti (/bʰ/, /dʰ/, /gʰ/) razvijaju u zvučne plozive (/b/, /d/, /g/))</li> <li>zadržano je /*a:/, također prisutno u epirskom<sup id="cite_ref-epigraphy.packhum.org_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-epigraphy.packhum.org-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>[a:] nastaje stezanjem [a:] i [ɔ:]</li> <li>apokopa kratkih samoglasnika u prijedlozima u sintezi (samoglasnici nestaju kada prijedlog doda kao prefiks glagolu (παρκαττίθεμαι, Attic παρ<b>α</b>κατατίθεμαι)</li> <li>sinkopa i diftongizacija rabe se kako bi se izbjegao zijev (primjerice, Θ<b>ε</b>τίμα, atički Θ<b>εο</b>τίμη; slično epirski Λ<b>α</b>γέτα, dorski Λ<b>αο</b>γἐτα)<sup id="cite_ref-epigraphy.packhum.org_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-epigraphy.packhum.org-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>ponekad se zadrži izgovor glasa /u(:)/ kao [u] u lokalnim kultskim epitetima ili nadimcima (Κ<b>ου</b>ναγίδας = Κ<b>υ</b>ναγίδας)</li> <li>glas /ɔ:/ zatvara se u /u:/ blizu nazala (primjerice, Κάν<b>ου</b>ν, atički Καν<b>ώ</b>ν)</li> <li>skup /ign/ pojednostavljuje se u /i:n/ (γ<b>ίν</b>ομαι, atički γ<b>ίγν</b>ομαι)</li> <li>gubitak aspiracije u skupovima suglasnika /st<sup>h</sup>/ (> /st/) (γενέ<b>στ</b>αι, atički γενέ<b>σθ</b>αι).<sup id="cite_ref-Greek_2007_p._439-441_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greek_2007_p._439-441-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Morfologija">Morfologija</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Staromakedonski_jezik&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak: Morfologija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Staromakedonski_jezik&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Morfologija"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Staromakedonska je <a href="/wiki/Morfologija_(jezikoslovlje)" title="Morfologija (jezikoslovlje)">morfologija</a> slična onoj antičkoga <a href="/wiki/Epir_(anti%C4%8Dka_dr%C5%BEava)" title="Epir (antička država)">Epira</a> uključujući i neke od najstarijih natpisa iz <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dodona&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dodona (stranica ne postoji)">Dodone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gramatika_starogr%C4%8Dkog_jezika" title="Gramatika starogrčkog jezika">Morfologiju imenica prve deklinacije</a> na -ας također dijele s <a href="/wiki/Tesalija" title="Tesalija">tesalskim</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>imenice prve deklinacije muškoga i ženskoga roda na -ας i -α (Πεύκεστας, Λαομάγα)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genitiv" title="Genitiv">genitiv</a> jednine muškog roda prve deklinacije na -α (Μαχάτα)</li> <li>genitiv množine prve deklinacije na -ᾶν</li> <li>zamjenica prvog lica jednine u <a href="/wiki/Dativ" title="Dativ">dativu</a> glasi ἐμίν</li> <li>prilog <i>ὁπόκα</i></li> <li>moguće i nesigmatski nominativ jednine imenica prve deklinacije muškoga roda (ἱππότα, atički ἱππότη<b>ς</b>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rječnik"><span id="Rje.C4.8Dnik"></span>Rječnik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Staromakedonski_jezik&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odlomak: Rječnik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Staromakedonski_jezik&action=edit&section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Rječnik"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antroponimi">Antroponimi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Staromakedonski_jezik&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odlomak: Antroponimi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Staromakedonski_jezik&action=edit&section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Antroponimi"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>M. Hacopulos sažima makedonsku <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antroponim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antroponim (stranica ne postoji)">antroponimiju</a> (imena ljudi iz Makedonije prije širenja dalje od <a href="/wiki/Vardar" title="Vardar">Vardara</a> ili onih ljudi koji nedvojbeno potječu iz ovog područja nakon ekspanzije) ovako: </p> <ul><li>epigrafska (lokalna) grčka imena koja se razlikuju po glasovima od uvezenih atičkih ili koja su bila gotovo ograničena na Makedonce tijekom antike</li> <li>panhelenska (uobičajena) grčka imena</li> <li>identificirana negrčka imena (<a href="/wiki/Tra%C4%8Dani" title="Tračani">tračka</a> ili <a href="/wiki/Iliri" title="Iliri">ilirska</a>)</li> <li>imena bez jasne grčke <a href="/wiki/Etimologija" title="Etimologija">etimologije</a> koja se ne mogu pripisati nekome poznatom negrčkome jeziku<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Uobičajena je upotreba <a href="/wiki/Sufiks" title="Sufiks">sufiksa</a> -έστης i -εστός u tvorbi <a href="/wiki/Etnik" title="Etnik">etnika</a>, posebno kada potječu od sigmatskih imenica (<i>ὄρος</i> > <i>Ὀρέστης</i>, ali i <i>Δῖον</i> > <i>Διασταί</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Greek_2007_p._439-441_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greek_2007_p._439-441-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Toponimi">Toponimi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Staromakedonski_jezik&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odlomak: Toponimi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Staromakedonski_jezik&action=edit&section=7" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Toponimi"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Makedonski su toponimi uglavnom grčki iako neki pokazuju posebne fonološke crte, a neki su negrčki. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kalendar">Kalendar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Staromakedonski_jezik&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi odlomak: Kalendar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Staromakedonski_jezik&action=edit&section=8" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Kalendar"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Makedonski kalendar potječe još iz grčke prapovijesti. Imena mjeseci, poput onih grčkih, potječu od proslava povezanih sa slavljenjem <a href="/wiki/Gr%C4%8Dka_mitologija" title="Grčka mitologija">grčkih bogova</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Većina ih miješa makedonski dijalektalni oblik s jasnom grčkom etimologijom (primjerice, <i>Δῐός</i> od <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeusa</a>; <i>Περίτιος</i> od <a href="/wiki/Heraklo" title="Heraklo">Herakla</a> Perita ('Zaštitnik'); <i>Ξανδικός/Ξανθικός</i> od <a href="/wiki/Ksantos" title="Ksantos">Ksantosa</a>, 'plavokos' (vjerojatno referenca na Herakla); Άρτεμίσιος od <a href="/wiki/Artemida" title="Artemida">Artemide</a> i dr.)<sup id="cite_ref-:0_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prema Martinu Nilssonu, makedonski kalendar nastao je od pravilnog grčkog i imena mjeseci potvrđuju grčku nacionalnost Makedonaca.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Epigrafija">Epigrafija</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Staromakedonski_jezik&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Uredi odlomak: Epigrafija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Staromakedonski_jezik&action=edit&section=9" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Epigrafija"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Makedonska onomastika: najraniji epigrafski dokumenti koji imaju znatan broj makedonskih imena jesu: drugi atenski dekret saveza s <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perdikas_II.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perdikas II. (stranica ne postoji)">Perdikasom II.</a> (~417. – 413. pr. Kr.), dekret Kalindoje (~335. – 300. pr. Kr.) i sedam ploča prokletstva iz 4. st. pr. Kr.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Otprilike 99 % 6300 zapisa iz makedonskog razdoblja koje su otkrili <a href="/wiki/Arheologija" title="Arheologija">arheolozi</a> napisani su grčkim jezikom na <a href="/wiki/Gr%C4%8Dki_alfabet" title="Grčki alfabet">grčkome alfabetu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ploča s prokletstvima Pella pisana je posebnim dorskim dijalektom, a pronađena je 1986. i smatra se da potječe iz sredine ili ranog 4. sr. pr. Kr. Taj je zapis bitan argument da je staromakedonski sjeverozapadni dijalekt Grčke, dio dorskog narječja.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Oktadrachm_of_Alexander_I_498_%E2%80%93_454_BCE.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Oktodrahma Aleksandra I. Makedonskoga, rano 5. st. pr. Kr."><img alt="Octadrachm of Alexander I of Macedon, early 5th century B.C." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Oktadrachm_of_Alexander_I_498_%E2%80%93_454_BCE.jpg/100px-Oktadrachm_of_Alexander_I_498_%E2%80%93_454_BCE.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Oktadrachm_of_Alexander_I_498_%E2%80%93_454_BCE.jpg/150px-Oktadrachm_of_Alexander_I_498_%E2%80%93_454_BCE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Oktadrachm_of_Alexander_I_498_%E2%80%93_454_BCE.jpg/200px-Oktadrachm_of_Alexander_I_498_%E2%80%93_454_BCE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="229" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Drahma" class="mw-redirect" title="Drahma">Oktodrahma</a> Aleksandra I. Makedonskoga, rano 5. st. pr. Kr.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Coin_of_Perdikas_II_-_451-413_BCE.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stater Perdikasa II. Makedonskoga, srednje prema kasnom 5. st. pr. Kr."><img alt="Stater of Perdiccas II of Macedon, mid to late 5th century B.C." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Coin_of_Perdikas_II_-_451-413_BCE.jpg/100px-Coin_of_Perdikas_II_-_451-413_BCE.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Coin_of_Perdikas_II_-_451-413_BCE.jpg/150px-Coin_of_Perdikas_II_-_451-413_BCE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Coin_of_Perdikas_II_-_451-413_BCE.jpg/200px-Coin_of_Perdikas_II_-_451-413_BCE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="314" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Stater" title="Stater">Stater</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perdikas_II._Makedonski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perdikas II. Makedonski (stranica ne postoji)">Perdikasa II. Makedonskoga</a>, srednje prema kasnom 5. st. pr. Kr.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Pellatab.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ploča prokletstva Pella, 4. stoljeće pr. Kr."><img alt="The Pella curse tablet, 4th century B.C." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Pellatab.jpg/100px-Pellatab.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Pellatab.jpg/150px-Pellatab.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Pellatab.jpg/200px-Pellatab.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="174" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ploča prokletstva <i>Pella</i>, 4. stoljeće pr. Kr.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Ancient_Greek_binding_spell,_4th_century_B.C.,_Archaeological_Museum_of_Thessaloniki.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Čarolija vezanja, 4. st. pr. Kr. Orajokastro[36]"><img alt="Binding spell, 4th century B.C., Oraiokastro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Ancient_Greek_binding_spell%2C_4th_century_B.C.%2C_Archaeological_Museum_of_Thessaloniki.jpg/90px-Ancient_Greek_binding_spell%2C_4th_century_B.C.%2C_Archaeological_Museum_of_Thessaloniki.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Ancient_Greek_binding_spell%2C_4th_century_B.C.%2C_Archaeological_Museum_of_Thessaloniki.jpg/135px-Ancient_Greek_binding_spell%2C_4th_century_B.C.%2C_Archaeological_Museum_of_Thessaloniki.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Ancient_Greek_binding_spell%2C_4th_century_B.C.%2C_Archaeological_Museum_of_Thessaloniki.jpg/180px-Ancient_Greek_binding_spell%2C_4th_century_B.C.%2C_Archaeological_Museum_of_Thessaloniki.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Čarolija vezanja, 4. st. pr. Kr. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orajokastro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orajokastro (stranica ne postoji)">Orajokastro</a><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Relief_inscribed_stele,_mid_4th_century_B.C.,_Archaeological_Museum_of_Thessaloniki.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pogrebna stela s epigramom na vrhu, sredina 4. st. pr. Kr., Vergina"><img alt="Funerary stele, with an epigram on the top, mid 4th century B.C., Vergina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Relief_inscribed_stele%2C_mid_4th_century_B.C.%2C_Archaeological_Museum_of_Thessaloniki.jpg/90px-Relief_inscribed_stele%2C_mid_4th_century_B.C.%2C_Archaeological_Museum_of_Thessaloniki.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Relief_inscribed_stele%2C_mid_4th_century_B.C.%2C_Archaeological_Museum_of_Thessaloniki.jpg/135px-Relief_inscribed_stele%2C_mid_4th_century_B.C.%2C_Archaeological_Museum_of_Thessaloniki.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Relief_inscribed_stele%2C_mid_4th_century_B.C.%2C_Archaeological_Museum_of_Thessaloniki.jpg/180px-Relief_inscribed_stele%2C_mid_4th_century_B.C.%2C_Archaeological_Museum_of_Thessaloniki.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pogrebna stela s epigramom na vrhu, sredina 4. st. pr. Kr., <a href="/wiki/Vergina" title="Vergina">Vergina</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="U_klasičnim_izvorima"><span id="U_klasi.C4.8Dnim_izvorima"></span>U klasičnim izvorima</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Staromakedonski_jezik&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Uredi odlomak: U klasičnim izvorima" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Staromakedonski_jezik&action=edit&section=10" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka U klasičnim izvorima"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Među referencama za koje se raspravljalo da bi mogle svjedočiti o jezičnoj situaciji u Makedoniji postoji rečenica iz djelomično očuvana dijaloga, očito između Atenjanina i Makedonca, u fragmentu komedije <i>Makedonci</i> iz <a href="/wiki/5._stolje%C4%87e_pr._Kr." title="5. stoljeće pr. Kr.">5. stoljeća pr. Kr.</a> Atenjanina <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stratis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stratis (stranica ne postoji)">Stratisa</a> (fr. 28.) gdje je stranac prikazan kako govori ruralnim grčkim dijalektom. Njegov jezik sadrži izraze kao što je <i>ὕμμες ὡττικοί</i> za <i>ὑμεὶς ἀττικοί</i> 'vi, Atenjani', ὕμμες je također posvjedočen kod <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sapfa" title="Sapfa">Sapfe</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lezbos" title="Lezbos">Lezbos</a>) i <a href="/wiki/Teokrit" title="Teokrit">Teokrita</a> (dorski), a <i>ὡττικοί</i> se pojavljuje samo u <i>smiješnim seoskim</i> kontekstima atičke komedije.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Drugi tekst koji se citira kao dokaz jest odlomak iz djela <a href="/wiki/Livije" title="Livije">Livija</a> (59. pr. Kr. – 14. po Kr.), <i>Ab urbe condita</i> (31.29). Opisujući političke pregovore između Makedonaca i Etolaca u kasnom 3. stoljeću prije Krista, Livije je naveo da makedonski veleposlanik tvrdi da su Etolci, Akarnanci i Makedonci <i>ljudi istog jezika.</i><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ovu se rečenicu interpretiralo kao referencu na zajednički govor sjeverozapada Grčke (za razliku od atičke <i>koine</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> U drugome odlomku Livije kaže da je objava bila prevedena s <a href="/wiki/Latinski_jezik" title="Latinski jezik">latinskog</a> na grčki kako bi je Makedonci razumjeli.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kvint_Kurcije_Ruf" title="Kvint Kurcije Ruf">Kvint Kurcije Ruf</a>, Filotasovo suđenje<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i izjava da su <a href="/w/index.php?title=Didima&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Didima (stranica ne postoji)">Didimljani</a>, koji su govorili grčkim, imali zajednički jezik s Makedoncima.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>S vremenom je <i>makedonski</i> (<i>μακεδονικός</i>), kada se odnosilo na jezik, dobio značenje <i>koine</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="U_koini">U <i>koini</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Staromakedonski_jezik&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Uredi odlomak: U koini" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Staromakedonski_jezik&action=edit&section=11" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka U koini"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zbog velike uloge Makedonaca u nastajanju <i>koine</i>, staromakedonski je također pridonio nekim svojim elementima, primjerice vojnom terminologijom (διμοιρίτης, ταξίαρχος, ὑπασπισταί itd.). Potom, opća upotreba prve deklinacije za muške i ženske imenice koje završavaju na -as, posvjedočeno genitivom na makedonskome kovanom novcu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amintas_III.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amintas III. (stranica ne postoji)">Amintasa III.</a> iz ranog 4. st. pr. Kr. (nominativ ΑΜΥΝΤΑΣ, genitiv ΑΜΥΝΤΑ, a atički je ΑΜΥΝΤΟΥ). Dogodile su se i neke promjene u <a href="/wiki/Sprezanje" title="Sprezanje">konjugacijama</a> glagola, primjerice imperativ <i>δέξα</i> posvjedočen na makedonskome kamenu za praćku pronađenu na azijatskome bojnom polju. Spirantizacija zvučnih ploziva (/b/, /d/ i /g/) također se smatra makedonskim utjecajem.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Povezani_članci"><span id="Povezani_.C4.8Dlanci"></span>Povezani članci</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Staromakedonski_jezik&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Uredi odlomak: Povezani članci" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Staromakedonski_jezik&action=edit&section=12" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Povezani članci"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kraljevina_Makedonija" title="Kraljevina Makedonija">Antička Makedonija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Veliki" title="Aleksandar Veliki">Osvajanja Aleksandra Velikog</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bilješke"><span id="Bilje.C5.A1ke"></span>Bilješke</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Staromakedonski_jezik&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Uredi odlomak: Bilješke" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Staromakedonski_jezik&action=edit&section=13" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Bilješke"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5916283">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ol><li><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_OED2nd"><b><a href="#ref_OED2nd">^</a></b></span> The Oxford English Dictionary (1989), <i>Macedonian</i>, Simpson J. A. & Weiner E. S. C. (eds), Oxford: Oxford University Press, Vol. IX, <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_knji%C5%BEni_broj" title="Međunarodni standardni knjižni broj">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-19-861186-2" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-19-861186-2">0-19-861186-2</a> (set) <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_knji%C5%BEni_broj" title="Međunarodni standardni knjižni broj">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-19-861221-4" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-19-861221-4">0-19-861221-4</a> (vol. IX) p. 153</li> <li><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Webster3rd"><b><a href="#ref_Webster3rd">^</a></b></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Webster%27s_Third_New_International_Dictionary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Webster's Third New International Dictionary (stranica ne postoji)">Webster's Third New International Dictionary</a> of the English Language Unabridged (1976), <i>Macedonian</i>, USA:<a href="/w/index.php?title=Merriam-Webster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Merriam-Webster (stranica ne postoji)">Merriam-Webster</a>, G. & C. Merriam Co., vol. II (H–R) <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_knji%C5%BEni_broj" title="Međunarodni standardni knjižni broj">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-87779-101-5" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-87779-101-5">0-87779-101-5</a></li></ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Staromakedonski_jezik&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Uredi odlomak: Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Staromakedonski_jezik&action=edit&section=14" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="height: 150px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; border:1px solid #AAAAAA; reflist4"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6541845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Eugene N. Borza (1992) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=614pd07OtfQC&pg=PA94"><i>In the Shadow of Olympus: The Emergence of Macedon</i></a>, p. 94 (citing Hammond); G. Horrocks, <i>Greek: A History of the Language and its Speakers</i> (1993), ch.4.1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RoismanWorthington2011-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-RoismanWorthington2011_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7012897">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"»""«"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><cite id="CITEREFJoseph_RoismanIan_Worthington2011" class="citation book cs1">Joseph Roisman; Ian Worthington. 7. srpnja 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QsJ183uUDkMC&pg=PA94"><i>A Companion to Ancient Macedonia</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. str. 94. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-1-4443-5163-7" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-1-4443-5163-7"><bdi>978-1-4443-5163-7</bdi></a>. <q>Many surviving public and private inscriptions indicate that in the Macedonian kingdom there was no dominant written language but standard Attic and later on <i>koine</i> Greek.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+Ancient+Macedonia&rft.pages=94&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2011-07-07&rft.isbn=978-1-4443-5163-7&rft.au=Joseph+Roisman&rft.au=Ian+Worthington&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQsJ183uUDkMC%26pg%3DPA94&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AStaromakedonski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CambridgeAncientHistory-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CambridgeAncientHistory_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFLewisBoardman2000" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, D. M.; Boardman, John. 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vx251bK988gC&pg=RA7-PA831"><i>The Cambridge ancient history, 3rd edition, Volume VI</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. str. 730. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-521-23348-4" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-521-23348-4"><bdi>978-0-521-23348-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+ancient+history%2C+3rd+edition%2C+Volume+VI&rft.pages=730&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-521-23348-4&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=D.+M.&rft.au=Boardman%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dvx251bK988gC%26pg%3DRA7-PA831&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AStaromakedonski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sarah B. Pomeroy, Stanley M. Burstein, Walter Donlan, Jennifer Tolbert Roberts, <i>A Brief History of Ancient Greece: Politics, Society, and Culture</i>, Oxford University Press, 2008, p.289</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crespo2017-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Crespo2017_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Crespo2017_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFCrespo2017" class="citation book cs1">Crespo, Emilio. 2017. The Softening of Obstruent Consonants in the Macedonian Dialect. Giannakis, Georgios K.; Crespo, Emilio; Filos, Panagiotis (ur.). <i>Studies in Ancient Greek Dialects: From Central Greece to the Black Sea</i>. Walter de Gruyter. str. 329. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-3-11-053081-0" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-3-11-053081-0"><bdi>978-3-11-053081-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Softening+of+Obstruent+Consonants+in+the+Macedonian+Dialect&rft.btitle=Studies+in+Ancient+Greek+Dialects%3A+From+Central+Greece+to+the+Black+Sea&rft.pages=329&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-3-11-053081-0&rft.aulast=Crespo&rft.aufirst=Emilio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AStaromakedonski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hornblower2002-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Hornblower2002_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFHornblower2002" class="citation book cs1">Hornblower, Simon. 2002. Macedon, Thessaly and Boiotia. <i>The Greek World, 479-323 BC</i>. Third izdanje. Routledge. str. 90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-415-16326-9" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-415-16326-9"><bdi>0-415-16326-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Macedon%2C+Thessaly+and+Boiotia&rft.btitle=The+Greek+World%2C+479-323+BC&rft.pages=90&rft.edition=Third&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-415-16326-9&rft.aulast=Hornblower&rft.aufirst=Simon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AStaromakedonski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Joseph2001-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Joseph2001_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Joseph2001_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Joseph2001_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFJoseph2001" class="citation book cs1">Joseph, Brian D. 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161001113024/http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~bjoseph/articles/gancient.htm">Ancient Greek</a>. Garry, Jane; Rubino, Carl; Bodomo, Adams B.; Faber, Alice; French, Robert (ur.). <i>Facts about the World's Languages: An Encyclopedia of the World's Major Languages, Past and Present</i> (<span style="color:#555;">engleski</span>). <a href="/w/index.php?title=H._W._Wilson_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="H. W. Wilson Company (stranica ne postoji)">H. W. Wilson Company</a>. str. 256. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780824209704" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9780824209704"><bdi>9780824209704</bdi></a>. Inačica <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asc.ohio-state.edu/joseph.1/articles/gancient.htm">izvorne stranice</a> arhivirana 1. listopada 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 18. srpnja 2022.</span>. <q>Family: Ancient Greek is generally taken to be the only representative (though note the existence of different dialects) of the Greek or Hellenic branch of Indo-European. There is some dispute as to whether Ancient Macedonian (the native language of Philip and Alexander), if it has any special affinity to Greek at all, is a dialect within Greek (...) or a sibling language to all of the known Ancient Greek dialects. If the latter view is correct, then Macedonian and Greek would be the two subbranches of a group within Indo-European which could more properly be called Hellenic. Related Languages: As noted above, Ancient Macedonian might be the language most closely related to Greek, perhaps even a dialect of Greek. The slender evidence is open to different interpretations, so that no definitive answer is really possible; but most likely, Ancient Macedonian was not simply an Ancient Greek dialect on a par with Attic or Aeolic (...).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ancient+Greek&rft.btitle=Facts+about+the+World%27s+Languages%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+the+World%27s+Major+Languages%2C+Past+and+Present&rft.pages=256&rft.pub=H.+W.+Wilson+Company&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780824209704&rft.aulast=Joseph&rft.aufirst=Brian+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.asc.ohio-state.edu%2Fjoseph.1%2Farticles%2Fgancient.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AStaromakedonski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">J. P. Mallory & D.Q Adams – <i>Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture</i>, Chicago-London: Fitzroy Dearborn. pp. 361. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_knji%C5%BEni_broj" title="Međunarodni standardni knjižni broj">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/1-884964-98-2" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/1-884964-98-2">1-884964-98-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mallory1-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Mallory1_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFMallory1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=JP_Mallory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JP Mallory (stranica ne postoji)">Mallory, J.P.</a> 1997. <a href="/w/index.php?title=JP_Mallory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JP Mallory (stranica ne postoji)">Mallory, J.P.</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Q._Adams&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Douglas Q. Adams (stranica ne postoji)">Adams, D.Q.</a> (ur.). <i>Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture</i>. Fitzroy Dearborn. Chicago-London. str. 361. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/1-884964-98-2" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/1-884964-98-2"><bdi>1-884964-98-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Indo-European+Culture&rft.place=Chicago-London&rft.pages=361&rft.pub=Fitzroy+Dearborn&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=1-884964-98-2&rft.aulast=Mallory&rft.aufirst=J.P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AStaromakedonski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hatzopoulos2017-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Hatzopoulos2017_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFHatzopoulos2017" class="citation book cs1">Hatzopoulos, Miltiades B. 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XXFLDwAAQBAJ&q=ancient+macedonian+speech&pg=PT301">Recent Research in the Ancient Macedonian Dialect: Consolidation and New Perspectives</a>. Giannakis, Georgios K.; Crespo, Emilio; Filos, Panagiotis (ur.). <i>Studies in Ancient Greek Dialects: From Central Greece to the Black Sea</i>. Walter de Gruyter. str. 299. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-3-11-053081-0" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-3-11-053081-0"><bdi>978-3-11-053081-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Recent+Research+in+the+Ancient+Macedonian+Dialect%3A+Consolidation+and+New+Perspectives&rft.btitle=Studies+in+Ancient+Greek+Dialects%3A+From+Central+Greece+to+the+Black+Sea&rft.pages=299&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-3-11-053081-0&rft.aulast=Hatzopoulos&rft.aufirst=Miltiades+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXXFLDwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dancient%2Bmacedonian%2Bspeech%26pg%3DPT301&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AStaromakedonski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hatzopoulos2020-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Hatzopoulos2020_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hatzopoulos2020_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFHatzopoulos2020" class="citation book cs1">Hatzopoulos, Miltiades B. 2020. The speech of the ancient Macedonians. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r-cIEAAAQBAJ"><i>Ancient Macedonia</i></a> (<span style="color:#555;">engleski</span>). <a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Gruyter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De Gruyter (stranica ne postoji)">De Gruyter</a>. str. 64, 77. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-3-11-071876-8" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-3-11-071876-8"><bdi>978-3-11-071876-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+speech+of+the+ancient+Macedonians&rft.btitle=Ancient+Macedonia&rft.pages=64%2C+77&rft.pub=De+Gruyter&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-3-11-071876-8&rft.aulast=Hatzopoulos&rft.aufirst=Miltiades+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dr-cIEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AStaromakedonski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OxfordClassicalDictionary-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-OxfordClassicalDictionary_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OxfordClassicalDictionary_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OxfordClassicalDictionary_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFMasson2003" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Masson, Olivier. 2003. [Ancient] Macedonian language. Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Antony (ur.). <i>The Oxford Classical Dictionary</i> (<span style="color:#555;">engleski</span>). revised 3rd izdanje. Oxford University Press. str. 905–906. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-19-860641-3" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-19-860641-3"><bdi>978-0-19-860641-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%5BAncient%5D+Macedonian+language&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Classical+Dictionary&rft.pages=905-906&rft.edition=revised+3rd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-19-860641-3&rft.aulast=Masson&rft.aufirst=Olivier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AStaromakedonski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Meier-Brügger, <i>Indo-European linguistics</i>, Walter de Gruyter, 2003, p.28,<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=49xq3UlKWckC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Michael+Meier+Bruegger++%E2%80%98Indoeuropean+Linguistics%E2%80%99&hl=el&ei=D8MPTdvNEIab8QPJrd2EBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAA#v=snippet&q=Macedonian%20Doric&f=false">on Google books</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Roisman, Worthington, 2010, "A Companion to Ancient Macedonia", Chapter 5: Johannes Engels, "Macedonians and Greeks", p. 95:"This (i.e. Pella curse tablet) has been judged to be the most important ancient testimony to substantiate that Macedonian was a north-western Greek and mainly a Doric dialect".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dosuna2012-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Dosuna2012_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFDosuna2012" class="citation book cs1">Dosuna, J. Méndez. 2012. Ancient Macedonian as a Greek dialect: A critical survey on recent work (Greek, English, French, German text). Giannakis, Georgios K. (ur.). <i>Ancient Macedonia: Language, History, Culture</i>. Centre for Greek Language. str. 145. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-960-7779-52-6" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-960-7779-52-6"><bdi>978-960-7779-52-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ancient+Macedonian+as+a+Greek+dialect%3A+A+critical+survey+on+recent+work+%28Greek%2C+English%2C+French%2C+German+text%29&rft.btitle=Ancient+Macedonia%3A+Language%2C+History%2C+Culture&rft.pages=145&rft.pub=Centre+for+Greek+Language&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-960-7779-52-6&rft.aulast=Dosuna&rft.aufirst=J.+M%C3%A9ndez&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AStaromakedonski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brixhe2018-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Brixhe2018_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFBrixhe2018" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_Brixhe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claude Brixhe (stranica ne postoji)">Brixhe, Claude</a>. 2018. Macedonian. Klein, Jared; Joseph, Brian; Fritz, Matthias (ur.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SuR8DwAAQBAJ"><i>Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics</i></a> (<span style="color:#555;">engleski</span>). <b>3</b>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Gruyter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De Gruyter (stranica ne postoji)">De Gruyter</a>. str. 1862–1867. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-3-11-054243-1" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-3-11-054243-1"><bdi>978-3-11-054243-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Macedonian&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Comparative+and+Historical+Indo-European+Linguistics&rft.pages=1862-1867&rft.pub=De+Gruyter&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-3-11-054243-1&rft.aulast=Brixhe&rft.aufirst=Claude&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSuR8DwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AStaromakedonski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFHammond1997" class="citation book cs1">Hammond, N.G.L. 1997. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1mwiAQAAIAAJ"><i>Collected Studies: Further studies on various topics</i></a> (<span style="color:#555;">engleski</span>). A.M. Hakkert. str. 79</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Collected+Studies%3A+Further+studies+on+various+topics&rft.pages=79&rft.pub=A.M.+Hakkert&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Hammond&rft.aufirst=N.G.L&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1mwiAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AStaromakedonski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFWorthington2012" class="citation book cs1">Worthington, Ian. 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LSOpAgAAQBAJ"><i>Alexander the Great: A Reader</i></a> (<span style="color:#555;">engleski</span>). Routledge. str. 71. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-1-136-64003-2" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-1-136-64003-2"><bdi>978-1-136-64003-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alexander+the+Great%3A+A+Reader&rft.pages=71&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-136-64003-2&rft.aulast=Worthington&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLSOpAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AStaromakedonski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-georgiev-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-georgiev_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Vladimir Georgjev, "The Genesis of the Balkan Peoples", <i>The Slavonic and East European Review</i> <b>44</b>:103:285-297 (July 1966)<br />"Ancient Macedonian is closely related to Greek, and Macedonian and Greek are descended from a common Greek-Macedonian idiom that was spoken till about the second half of the 3rd millennium BC. From the 4th century BC on began the Hellenization of ancient Macedonian."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Eric Hamp & Douglas Adams (2013) "The Expansion of the Indo-European Languages", <i>Sino-Platonic Papers</i>, vol 239.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Česko-jihoslovenská revue</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=igrvAAAAMAAJ&q=">Volume 4</a>, 1934, p. 187.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stuttgart-1930-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Stuttgart-1930_22-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Albrecht von Blumenthal, <i>Hesychstudien</i>, Stuttgart, 1930, 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0058%3Aentry%3D%2317647">Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, An Intermediate Greek-English Lexicon, κεβλήπυρις</a>. Perseus.tufts.edu. Retrieved on 2013-07-21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFCrespo2017" class="citation book cs1">Crespo, Emilio. 2017. The Softening of Obstruent Consonants in the Macedonian Dialect. Giannakis, Georgios K.; Crespo, Emilio; Filos, Panagiotis (ur.). <i>Studies in Ancient Greek Dialects: From Central Greece to the Black Sea</i>. Walter de Gruyter. str. 344. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-3-11-053081-0" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-3-11-053081-0"><bdi>978-3-11-053081-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Softening+of+Obstruent+Consonants+in+the+Macedonian+Dialect&rft.btitle=Studies+in+Ancient+Greek+Dialects%3A+From+Central+Greece+to+the+Black+Sea&rft.pages=344&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-3-11-053081-0&rft.aulast=Crespo&rft.aufirst=Emilio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AStaromakedonski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Olivier Masson, "Sur la notation occasionnelle du digamma grec par d'autres consonnes et la glose macédonienne abroutes", <i>Bulletin de la Société de linguistique de Paris</i>, 90 (1995) 231–239. Also proposed by O. Hoffmann and J. Kalleris.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-epigraphy.packhum.org-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-epigraphy.packhum.org_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-epigraphy.packhum.org_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Packard Institute epigraphic database <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://epigraphy.packhum.org/inscriptions//main">http://epigraphy.packhum.org/inscriptions//main</a>  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071121221117/http://epigraphy.packhum.org/inscriptions/main">Arhivirana inačica izvorne stranice</a> od 21. studenoga 2007. (<a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Greek_2007_p._439-441-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Greek_2007_p._439-441_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greek_2007_p._439-441_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">A history of ancient Greek: from the beginnings to late antiquity, Maria Chritē, Maria Arapopoulou, Cambridge University Press (2007), p. 439–441</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Eric Lhote (2006) Les lamelles Oraculaires de Dodone. Droz, Geneve.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Roberts, E.S., An Introduction to Greek Epigraphy vol. 1 no. 237</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Greek Personal Names: Their Value as Evidence, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elaine_Matthews&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elaine Matthews (stranica ne postoji)">Elaine Matthews</a>, Simon Hornblower, Peter Marshall Fraser, British Academy, Oxford University Press (2000), p. 103</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_31-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFHatzopoulos2020" class="citation book cs1">Hatzopoulos, Miltiades B. 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r-cIEAAAQBAJ"><i>Ancient Macedonia</i></a> (<span style="color:#555;">engleski</span>). Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. str. 78. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-3-11-071876-8" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-3-11-071876-8"><bdi>978-3-11-071876-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Macedonia&rft.pages=78&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter+GmbH+%26+Co+KG&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-3-11-071876-8&rft.aulast=Hatzopoulos&rft.aufirst=Miltiades+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dr-cIEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AStaromakedonski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Athens, bottom-<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epigraphy.packhum.org/inscriptions/oi?ikey=91&bookid=4&region=1&subregion=71">IG I³ 89</a> – Kalindoia-<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epigraphy.packhum.org/inscriptions/oi?ikey=152454&bookid=152411&region=4&subregion=11">Meletemata 11 K31</a> – Pydna-<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epigraphy.packhum.org/inscriptions/oi?ikey=313283&bookid=172&region=4&subregion=11">SEG 52:617,I</a> (6) till SEG 52:617,VI – Mygdonia-<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epigraphy.packhum.org/inscriptions/oi?ikey=312708&bookid=172&region=4&subregion=11">SEG 49:750</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Greek Personal Names: Their Value as Evidence <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SbVJvfu7EzsC&pg=PA114&dq=Eulandros&sig=yd7IcAoFOzbna01VP8TBL4fYh0Y">[1]</a> by Simon Hornblower, Elaine Matthews</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFAnson2010" class="citation book cs1">Anson, Edward M. 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lkYFVJ3U-BIC&q=macedonians+greeks+ethnic+identity+political&pg=PA14">Why Study Ancient Macedonia and What This Companion is About</a>. Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (ur.). <i>A Companion to Ancient Macedonia</i>. Wiley-Blackwell. Oxford, Chichester, & Malden. str. 17, n. 57, n. 58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-1-4051-7936-2" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-1-4051-7936-2"><bdi>978-1-4051-7936-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Why+Study+Ancient+Macedonia+and+What+This+Companion+is+About&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+Ancient+Macedonia&rft.place=Oxford%2C+Chichester%2C+%26+Malden&rft.pages=17%2C+n.+57%2C+n.+58&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-7936-2&rft.aulast=Anson&rft.aufirst=Edward+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlkYFVJ3U-BIC%26q%3Dmacedonians%2Bgreeks%2Bethnic%2Bidentity%2Bpolitical%26pg%3DPA14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AStaromakedonski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"...but we may tentatively conclude that Macedonian is a dialect related to North-West Greek.", Olivier Masson, French linguist, “Oxford Classical Dictionary: Macedonian Language”, 1996.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/supplementum-epigraphicum-graecum/seg-49-750-oraiokastro-defixio-classical-period-a49_750">SEG 49-750. Oraiokastro. Defixio, Classical period – Brill Reference</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Steven Colvin, <i>Dialect in Aristophanes and the politics of language in Ancient Greek,</i> Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999, p. 279.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Livy, <i>The History of Rome</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Liv.+31+29&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0148">31.29.15</a>, on Perseus</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">A. Panayotou: The position of the Macedonian dialect. In: Maria Arapopoulou, Maria Chritē, Anastasios-Phoivos Christides (eds.), <i>A History of Ancient Greek: From the Beginnings to Late Antiquity</i>, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007, pp. 433–458 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WJbd0m6YaFkC&pg=PA434&lpg=PA435&dq=Macedonians,+Aetolians,+and+Acarnanians+spoke+the+same+dialect+(context+dating+ca.&hl=de&sig=6co-S_dXeFu4YHWUvkQQPZ2I99w#PPA433,M1">Google Books</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Livy, <i>The History of Rome</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Liv.+45+29&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0168">45.29</a>, on Perseus</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">E. Kapetanopoulos. "Alexander’s Patrius Sermo in the Philotas Affair", <i>The Ancient World</i> 30 (1999), pp. 117–128. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.ccsu.edu/elias/PhilotasPatriusSermo.pdf">PDF</a>  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716201824/http://www.history.ccsu.edu/elias/PhilotasPatriusSermo.pdf">Arhivirana inačica izvorne stranice</a> od 16. srpnja 2011. (<a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>) or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.ccsu.edu/elias/AlexandrosPatrius.htm">HTM</a>  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220821205308/https://www.ccsu.edu/history/">Arhivirana inačica izvorne stranice</a> od 21. kolovoza 2022. (<a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>))</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Quintus Curtius Rufus, <i>Historiae Alexandri Magni</i>, VII.5.33, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/L/Roman/Texts/Curtius/7*.html">(Loeb edition, Latin)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015024880851;view=1up;seq=185">(John C. Rolfe, English translation)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">C. Brixhe, A. Panayotou, 1994, «Le Macédonien» in <i>Langues indo-européennes</i>, p. 208</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">George Babiniotis (1992) The question of mediae in ancient Macedonian Greek reconsidered. In: Historical Philology: Greek, Latin, and Romance, Bela Brogyanyi, Reiner Lipp, 1992 John Benjamins Publishing)</span> </li> </ol></div> </div><table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="3" class="navbox-naslov"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand navbar" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-variant:small-caps; ;;border:none;;"><a href="/wiki/Predlo%C5%BEak:Gr%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Predložak:Grčki jezik"><span title="Vidi ovaj predložak." style=";;border:none;;">v</span></a> • <a href="/wiki/Razgovor_o_predlo%C5%A1ku:Gr%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Razgovor o predlošku:Grčki jezik"><span style="color:#002bb8;;;border:none;;" title="Razgovor o ovom predlošku.">r</span></a> • <a class="external text" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predlo%C5%BEak:Gr%C4%8Dki_jezik&action=edit"><span style="color:#002bb8;;;border:none;;" title="Možete urediti ovaj predložak. Prije spremanja provjerite kako će izgledati.">u</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Gr%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Grčki jezik">Grčki jezik</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";;">porijeklo</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predgr%C4%8Dki_supstrat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predgrčki supstrat (stranica ne postoji)">predgrčki supstrat</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gr%C4%8Dko-arijski_jezik" title="Grčko-arijski jezik">grčko-arijski</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gr%C4%8Dko-armenski_jezik" title="Grčko-armenski jezik">grčko-armenski</a></div></td><td style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="17"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Papirus_46" title="Papirus 46"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/P46.jpg/100px-P46.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/P46.jpg/150px-P46.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/P46.jpg/200px-P46.jpg 2x" data-file-width="580" data-file-height="819" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_gr%C4%8Dkog_jezika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest grčkog jezika (stranica ne postoji)">povijest</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pragr%C4%8Dki_jezik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pragrčki jezik (stranica ne postoji)">pragrčki</a> (o. 3. tisućljeća pr. Kr.) <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mikenski_gr%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Mikenski grčki jezik">mikenski</a> (o. 1600. – 1100. pr. Kr.) <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Starogr%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Starogrčki jezik">starogrčki</a> (o. 800. – 300. pr. Kr.) <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Koine" title="Koine">koine</a> (o. 300. pr. Kr. – 330. po. Kr.) <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Srednjovjekovni_gr%C4%8Dki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Srednjovjekovni grčki (stranica ne postoji)">srednjovjekovni</a> (o. 330. – 1453.) <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Novogr%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Novogrčki jezik">novogrčki</a> (od 1453.)</div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Gr%C4%8Dki_alfabet" title="Grčki alfabet">alfabet</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks navbox-podgrupa" style="width:100%;;;;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">linear B</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ciparski_silabarij&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ciparski silabarij (stranica ne postoji)">ciparski silabarij</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_gr%C4%8Dkog_alfabeta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest grčkog alfabeta (stranica ne postoji)">povijest</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arhajski_gr%C4%8Dki_alfabeti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arhajski grčki alfabeti (stranica ne postoji)">arhajske forme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gr%C4%8Dki_pravopis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grčki pravopis (stranica ne postoji)">pravopis</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gr%C4%8Dka_brajica" title="Grčka brajica">brajica</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Romanizacija_gr%C4%8Dkog_jezika" title="Romanizacija grčkog jezika">romanizacija</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gr%C4%8Dki_dijakriti%C4%8Dki_znakovi" title="Grčki dijakritički znakovi">dijakritički znakovi</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gr%C4%8Dke_brojke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grčke brojke (stranica ne postoji)">brojke</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">slova</div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Alfa" title="Alfa">alfa</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Beta_(slovo)" title="Beta (slovo)">beta</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gama" title="Gama">gama</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Delta_(slovo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Delta (slovo)">delta</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Epsilon" title="Epsilon">epsilon</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Zeta_(slovo)" title="Zeta (slovo)">zeta</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Eta" title="Eta">eta</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Theta" title="Theta">theta</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jota" title="Jota">jota</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kapa" title="Kapa">kapa</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lambda" title="Lambda">lambda</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mi" title="Mi">mi</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ni" title="Ni">ni</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ksi" title="Ksi">ksi</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Omikron" title="Omikron">omikron</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pi" title="Pi">pi</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ro" title="Ro">ro</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sigma" title="Sigma">sigma</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tau" title="Tau">tau</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ipsilon" title="Ipsilon">ipsilon</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fi" title="Fi">fi</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Hi" title="Hi">hi</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Psi_(slovo)" title="Psi (slovo)">psi</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Omega" title="Omega">omega</a> <b>·</b> <i>zastarjela:</i> <a href="/wiki/Digama" title="Digama">digama</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Stigma_(slovo)" title="Stigma (slovo)">stigma</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Heta_(slovo)" title="Heta (slovo)">heta</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/San_(slovo)" title="San (slovo)">san</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kopa" title="Kopa">kopa</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sampi" title="Sampi">sampi</a>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0o" title="Šo">šo</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";;">fonologija</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Fonologija_starogr%C4%8Dkog_jezika" title="Fonologija starogrčkog jezika">starogrčki</a> (<a href="/wiki/Naglasak_starogr%C4%8Dkog_jezika" title="Naglasak starogrčkog jezika">naglasak</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Izgovor_starogr%C4%8Dkog_u_nastavi" title="Izgovor starogrčkog u nastavi">u nastavi</a>) <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fonologija_koine" class="mw-redirect" title="Fonologija koine">koine</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fonologija_novogr%C4%8Dkog_jezika" title="Fonologija novogrčkog jezika">novogrčki</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";;">gramatika</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Gramatika_starogr%C4%8Dkog_jezika" title="Gramatika starogrčkog jezika">starogrčki</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gramatika_starogr%C4%8Dkog_jezika_(tablice)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gramatika starogrčkog jezika (tablice)">tablice</a>) <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gramatika_novogr%C4%8Dkog_jezika" title="Gramatika novogrčkog jezika">novogrčki</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";;">varijante</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks navbox-podgrupa" style="width:100%;;;;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Starogr%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Starogrčki jezik">starogrčki</a></div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Arkadociparsko_narje%C4%8Dje" title="Arkadociparsko narječje">arkadociparski</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ati%C4%8Dko_narje%C4%8Dje" title="Atičko narječje">atičko</a>-<a href="/wiki/Jonsko_narje%C4%8Dje" title="Jonsko narječje">jonski</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dorsko_narje%C4%8Dje" title="Dorsko narječje">dorski</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sjeverozapadno_dorsko_narje%C4%8Dje" title="Sjeverozapadno dorsko narječje">sjeverozapadni</a>) <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Eolsko_narje%C4%8Dje" title="Eolsko narječje">eolski</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Epirski_dijalekt" title="Epirski dijalekt">epirski</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Homerski_jezik" title="Homerski jezik">homerski</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lokrijski_dijalekt" title="Lokrijski dijalekt">lokrijski</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pamfilski_dijalekt" title="Pamfilski dijalekt">pamfilski</a> <b>·</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">makedonski</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Novogr%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Novogrčki jezik">novogrčki</a></div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Cakonski_jezik" title="Cakonski jezik">cakonski</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ciparski_gr%C4%8Dki" title="Ciparski grčki">ciparski</a> <b>·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Dimotiki" title="Dimotiki">dimotiki</a></i> (demotski) <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Himarski_dijalekt" title="Himarski dijalekt">himarski</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Istanbulski_dijalekt" title="Istanbulski dijalekt">istanbulski</a> <b>·</b> italski (<a href="/wiki/Griko" title="Griko">grčko-apulijski</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kalabrijski_gr%C4%8Dki_dijalekt" title="Kalabrijski grčki dijalekt">grčko-kalabrijski</a>) <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Judeogr%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Judeogrčki jezik">judeogrčki</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kapadocijski_gr%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Kapadocijski grčki jezik">kapadocijski</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Misthiotika" class="mw-redirect" title="Misthiotika">misthiotika</a></i>) <b>·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Katarevusa" title="Katarevusa">katarevusa</a></i> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kretsko_narje%C4%8Dje" title="Kretsko narječje">kretski</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Manijski_dijalekt" title="Manijski dijalekt">manijski</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Rume%C3%ADka" title="Rumeíka">mariupoljski</a> (rumeíka) <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pontski_jezik" title="Pontski jezik">pontski</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Saraka%C4%8Danski_dijalekt" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarakačanski dijalekt">sarakačanski</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Gr%C4%8Dka_knji%C5%BEevnost" title="Grčka književnost">književnost</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Starogr%C4%8Dka_knji%C5%BEevnost" title="Starogrčka književnost">starogrčka</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bizantska_knji%C5%BEevnost" title="Bizantska književnost">bizantska</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Novogr%C4%8Dka_knji%C5%BEevnost" title="Novogrčka književnost">novogrčka</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";;">promocija i proučavanje</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Helenska_zaklada_za_kulturu" title="Helenska zaklada za kulturu">Helenska zaklada za kulturu</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Centar_za_gr%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Centar za grčki jezik">Centar za grčki jezik</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";;">povezane teme</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Helenski_jezici" title="Helenski jezici">helenski jezici</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gr%C4%8Dki_prefiksi" title="Grčki prefiksi">prefiksi</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Popis_gr%C4%8Dkih_fraza" title="Popis grčkih fraza">izreke</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gr%C4%8Dke_rije%C4%8Di_za_ljubav" title="Grčke riječi za ljubav">riječi za ljubav</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gr%C4%8Dko_jezi%C4%8Dno_pitanje" title="Grčko jezično pitanje">grčko jezično pitanje</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedija_na_gr%C4%8Dkom_jeziku" title="Wikipedija na grčkom jeziku">grčka wikipedija</a> <b>·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Heureka" title="Heureka">heureka</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Dobavljeno iz "<a dir="ltr" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Staromakedonski_jezik&oldid=7067015">https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Staromakedonski_jezik&oldid=7067015</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorije</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Gr%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Kategorija:Grčki jezik">Grčki jezik</a></li><li><a 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