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</li> <li id="toc-Elected_Parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elected_Parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Elected Parliament </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elected_Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commission_accountability_to_the_Parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commission_accountability_to_the_Parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Commission accountability to the Parliament </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commission_accountability_to_the_Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recent_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Recent history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recent_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Powers_and_functions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Powers_and_functions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Powers and functions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Powers_and_functions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Powers and functions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Powers_and_functions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Legislative_procedure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_procedure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Legislative procedure </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative_procedure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Budget" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Budget"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Budget </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Budget-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Control_of_the_executive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Control_of_the_executive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Control of the executive </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Control_of_the_executive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Supervisory_and_scrutiny_powers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Supervisory_and_scrutiny_powers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Supervisory and scrutiny powers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Supervisory_and_scrutiny_powers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Members" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Members"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Members </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Members-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Members subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Members-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transitional_arrangements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transitional_arrangements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Transitional arrangements </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transitional_arrangements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Salaries_and_expenses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Salaries_and_expenses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Salaries and expenses </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Salaries_and_expenses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Political groups </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coalitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coalitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Coalitions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coalitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Elections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proceedings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proceedings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Proceedings </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Proceedings-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Proceedings subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Proceedings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-President_and_organisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#President_and_organisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 President and organisation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-President_and_organisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Committees_and_delegations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Committees_and_delegations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Committees and delegations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Committees_and_delegations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Intergroups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intergroups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Intergroups </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intergroups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Translation_and_interpretation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Translation_and_interpretation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Translation and interpretation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Translation_and_interpretation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corruption_scandals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corruption_scandals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Corruption scandals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corruption_scandals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Annual_costs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Annual_costs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Annual costs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Annual_costs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Seat </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Channels_of_dialogue,_information,_and_communication_with_European_civil_society" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Channels_of_dialogue,_information,_and_communication_with_European_civil_society"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Channels of dialogue, information, and communication with European civil society </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Channels_of_dialogue,_information,_and_communication_with_European_civil_society-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Channels of dialogue, information, and communication with European civil society subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Channels_of_dialogue,_information,_and_communication_with_European_civil_society-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dialogue_with_religious_and_non-confessional_organisations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dialogue_with_religious_and_non-confessional_organisations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Dialogue with religious and non-confessional organisations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dialogue_with_religious_and_non-confessional_organisations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_Parliament_Mediator_for_International_Parental_Child_Abduction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_Parliament_Mediator_for_International_Parental_Child_Abduction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 European Parliament Mediator for International Parental Child Abduction </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_Parliament_Mediator_for_International_Parental_Child_Abduction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_Parliamentary_Research_Service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_Parliamentary_Research_Service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 European Parliamentary Research Service </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_Parliamentary_Research_Service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eurobarometer_of_the_European_Parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eurobarometer_of_the_European_Parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Eurobarometer of the European Parliament </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eurobarometer_of_the_European_Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prizes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prizes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Prizes </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Prizes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Prizes subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Prizes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sakharov_Prize" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sakharov_Prize"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Sakharov Prize </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sakharov_Prize-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_Charlemagne_Youth_Prize" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_Charlemagne_Youth_Prize"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.2 European Charlemagne Youth Prize </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_Charlemagne_Youth_Prize-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_Citizens'_Prize" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_Citizens'_Prize"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.3 European Citizens' Prize </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_Citizens'_Prize-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-LUX_Prize" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#LUX_Prize"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.4 LUX Prize </div> </a> <ul id="toc-LUX_Prize-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Daphne_Caruana_Galizia_Journalism_Prize" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Daphne_Caruana_Galizia_Journalism_Prize"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.5 Daphne Caruana Galizia Journalism Prize </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Daphne_Caruana_Galizia_Journalism_Prize-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">European Parliament</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 110 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-110" aria-hidden="true" > 110 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europese_Parlement" title="Europese Parlement – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Europese Parlement" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europ%C3%A4isches_Parlament" title="Europäisches Parlament – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Europäisches Parlament" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euroop_parlament" title="Euroop parlament – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Euroop parlament" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A" title="البرلمان الأوروبي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="البرلمان الأوروبي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamento_Europeu" title="Parlamento Europeu – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Parlamento Europeu" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ten%C3%A2bla_erop%C3%A8ena" title="Tenâbla eropèena – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Tenâbla eropèena" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parllamentu_Europ%C3%A9u" title="Parllamentu Européu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Parllamentu Européu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avropa_Parlamenti" title="Avropa Parlamenti – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Avropa Parlamenti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A6" title="ইউরোপীয় সংসদ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইউরোপীয় সংসদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Au-chiu_G%C4%AB-h%C5%8De" title="Au-chiu Gī-hōe – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Au-chiu Gī-hōe" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%9E%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Еўрапейскі парламент – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Еўрапейскі парламент" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%9E%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Эўрапейскі парлямэнт – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Эўрапейскі парлямэнт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Европейски парламент – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Европейски парламент" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evropski_parlament" title="Evropski parlament – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Evropski parlament" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamant_Europa" title="Parlamant Europa – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Parlamant Europa" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Европын Парламент – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Европын Парламент" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlament_Europeu" title="Parlament Europeu – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Parlament Europeu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evropsk%C3%BD_parlament" title="Evropský parlament – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Evropský parlament" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senedd_Ewrop" title="Senedd Ewrop – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Senedd Ewrop" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa-Parlamentet" title="Europa-Parlamentet – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Europa-Parlamentet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%84%D8%A4%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%8A" title="لبرلمان لؤروپي – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لبرلمان لؤروپي" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europ%C3%A4isches_Parlament" title="Europäisches Parlament – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Europäisches Parlament" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europski_parlament" title="Europski parlament – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Europski parlament" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euroopa_Parlament" title="Euroopa Parlament – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Euroopa Parlament" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%85%CF%81%CF%89%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ευρωπαϊκό Κοινοβούλιο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ευρωπαϊκό Κοινοβούλιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamento_Europeo" title="Parlamento Europeo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Parlamento Europeo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C5%ADropa_Parlamento" title="Eŭropa Parlamento – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Eŭropa Parlamento" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europako_Parlamentua" title="Europako Parlamentua – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Europako Parlamentua" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7" title="پارلمان اروپا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پارلمان اروپا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/ES-Parlamenti%C3%B0" title="ES-Parlamentið – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="ES-Parlamentið" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlement_europ%C3%A9en" title="Parlement européen – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Parlement européen" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeropeesk_Parlemint" title="Jeropeesk Parlemint – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Jeropeesk Parlemint" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlaimint_na_hEorpa" title="Parlaimint na hEorpa – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Parlaimint na hEorpa" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamaid_yn_Oarpey" title="Parlamaid yn Oarpey – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Parlamaid yn Oarpey" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamento_Europeo" title="Parlamento Europeo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Parlamento Europeo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%9F%BD_%EC%9D%98%ED%9A%8C" title="유럽 의회 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유럽 의회" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D5%BE%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AD%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B0%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Եվրոպական խորհրդարան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Եվրոպական խորհրդարան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A6" title="यूरोपीय संसद – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="यूरोपीय संसद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europski_parlament" title="Europski parlament – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Europski parlament" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europski_parlament" title="Europski parlament – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Europski parlament" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europana_Parlamento" title="Europana Parlamento – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Europana Parlamento" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlemen_Eropa" title="Parlemen Eropa – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Parlemen Eropa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamento_Europee" title="Parlamento Europee – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Parlamento Europee" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europan_Parlament" title="Europan Parlament – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Europan Parlament" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evr%C3%B3pu%C3%BEingi%C3%B0" title="Evrópuþingið – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Evrópuþingið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamento_europeo" title="Parlamento europeo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Parlamento europeo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%98_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%99" title="הפרלמנט האירופי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הפרלמנט האירופי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlem%C3%A8n_%C3%89ropah" title="Parlemèn Éropah – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Parlemèn Éropah" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ევროპის პარლამენტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ევროპის პარლამენტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Еуропалық парламент – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Еуропалық парламент" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senedh_Europa" title="Senedh Europa – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Senedh Europa" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamena_Ewropay%C3%AA" title="Parlamena Ewropayê – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Parlamena Ewropayê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Европа парламенти – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Европа парламенти" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlament_europeich" title="Parlament europeich – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Parlament europeich" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamento_Evropeo" title="Parlamento Evropeo – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Parlamento Evropeo" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamentum_Europaeum" title="Parlamentum Europaeum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Parlamentum Europaeum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiropas_Parlaments" title="Eiropas Parlaments – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Eiropas Parlaments" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europ%C3%A4escht_Parlament" title="Europäescht Parlament – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Europäescht Parlament" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europos_Parlamentas" title="Europos Parlamentas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Europos Parlamentas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europees_Parlemint" title="Europees Parlemint – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Europees Parlemint" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eur%C3%B3pai_Parlament" title="Európai Parlament – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Európai Parlament" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Европски парламент – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Европски парламент" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlament_Ewropew" title="Parlament Ewropew – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Parlament Ewropew" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A6" title="युरोपियन संसद – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="युरोपियन संसद" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86" title="اروپا پارلمون – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اروپا پارلمون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlimen_Eropah" title="Parlimen Eropah – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Parlimen Eropah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamiento_Ouropeu" title="Parlamiento Ouropeu – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Parlamiento Ouropeu" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Европын парламент – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Европын парламент" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A5%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%95_%E1%80%95%E1%80%AB%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE%E1%80%99%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="ဥရောပ ပါလီမန် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဥရောပ ပါလီမန်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europees_Parlement" title="Europees Parlement – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Europees Parlement" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A6" title="युरोपेली संसद – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="युरोपेली संसद" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E5%B7%9E%E8%AD%B0%E4%BC%9A" title="欧州議会 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="欧州議会" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europeesk_Parlament" title="Europeesk Parlament – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Europeesk Parlament" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europaparlamentet" title="Europaparlamentet – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Europaparlamentet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europaparlamentet" title="Europaparlamentet – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Europaparlamentet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlament_Europ%C3%A8u" title="Parlament Europèu – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Parlament Europèu" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yevropa_parlamenti" title="Yevropa parlamenti – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yevropa parlamenti" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A6" title="ਯੂਰਪੀ ਸੰਸਦ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਯੂਰਪੀ ਸੰਸਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%BE%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%86%D9%B9" title="یورپی پارلیمنٹ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="یورپی پارلیمنٹ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamento_Oropeo" title="Parlamento Oropeo – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Parlamento Oropeo" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="اروپايي پارلمان – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اروپايي پارلمان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlament_Europejski" title="Parlament Europejski – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Parlament Europejski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamento_Europeu" title="Parlamento Europeu – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Parlamento Europeu" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evropa_parlamenti" title="Evropa parlamenti – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Evropa parlamenti" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamentul_European" title="Parlamentul European – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Parlamentul European" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Европскый парламент – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Европскый парламент" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Европейский парламент – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Европейский парламент" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Pairlament" title="European Pairlament – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="European Pairlament" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europ%C3%A4isk_Parlem%C3%A4nt" title="Europäisk Parlemänt – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Europäisk Parlemänt" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuvendi_Evropian" title="Kuvendi Evropian – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kuvendi Evropian" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="European Parliament" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eur%C3%B3psky_parlament" title="Európsky parlament – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Európsky parlament" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evropski_parlament" title="Evropski parlament – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Evropski parlament" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%95%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7" title="پەرلەمانی ئەورووپا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پەرلەمانی ئەورووپا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Европски парламент – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Европски парламент" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evropski_parlament" title="Evropski parlament – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Evropski parlament" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euroopan_parlamentti" title="Euroopan parlamentti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Euroopan parlamentti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europaparlamentet" title="Europaparlamentet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Europaparlamentet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%90%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="ஐரோப்பிய நாடாளுமன்றம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஐரோப்பிய நாடாளுமன்றம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B" title="รัฐสภายุโรป – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐสภายุโรป" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avrupa_Parlamentosu" title="Avrupa Parlamentosu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Avrupa Parlamentosu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Европа парламент – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Европа парламент" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%84%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Європейський парламент – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Європейський парламент" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%BE%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="یورپی پارلیمان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یورپی پارلیمان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamento_Eoropeo" title="Parlamento Eoropeo – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Parlamento Eoropeo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngh%E1%BB%8B_vi%E1%BB%87n_ch%C3%A2u_%C3%82u" title="Nghị viện châu Âu – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nghị viện châu Âu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A" title="欧洲议会 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="欧洲议会" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83" title="歐洲議會 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="歐洲議會" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe%C3%AAs_Parlement" title="Europeês Parlement – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Europeês Parlement" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A" title="欧洲议会 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="欧洲议会" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Directly elected legislature of the European Union</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the body of the Council of Europe, see <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe">Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe</a>. For the last elections, see <a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election" title="2024 European Parliament election">2024 European Parliament election</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%; border-top: 2px solid #0C4DA2; border-bottom: 2px solid #0C4DA2"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org">European Parliament</div> <div style="display:inline" class="nickname"><div> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%; font-size:88%; text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-top: 0px;"> </th></tr> <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa"> <th style="padding-left:0.5em"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a>: </th> <td>Европейски парламент </td></tr> <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa"> <th style="padding-left:0.5em"><a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>: </th> <td>Europski parlament </td></tr> <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa"> <th style="padding-left:0.5em"><a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a>: </th> <td>Evropský parlament </td></tr> <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa"> <th style="padding-left:0.5em"><a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a>: </th> <td>Europa-Parlamentet </td></tr> <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa"> <th style="padding-left:0.5em"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: </th> <td>Europees Parlement </td></tr> <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa"> <th style="padding-left:0.5em"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>: </th> <td>European Parliament </td></tr> <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa"> <th style="padding-left:0.5em"><a href="/wiki/Estonian_language" title="Estonian language">Estonian</a>: </th> <td>Euroopa Parlament </td></tr> <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa"> <th style="padding-left:0.5em"><a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a>: </th> <td>Euroopan parlamentti </td></tr> <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa"> <th style="padding-left:0.5em"><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: </th> <td>Parlement européen </td></tr> <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa"> <th style="padding-left:0.5em"><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: </th> <td>Europäisches Parlament </td></tr> <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa"> <th style="padding-left:0.5em"><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: </th> <td>Ευρωπαϊκό Κοινοβούλιο </td></tr> <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa"> <th style="padding-left:0.5em"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>: </th> <td>Európai Parlament </td></tr> <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa"> <th style="padding-left:0.5em"><a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>: </th> <td>Parlaimint na hEorpa </td></tr> <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa"> <th style="padding-left:0.5em"><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: </th> <td>Parlamento europeo </td></tr> <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa"> <th style="padding-left:0.5em"><a href="/wiki/Latvian_language" title="Latvian language">Latvian</a>: </th> <td>Eiropas Parlaments </td></tr> <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa"> <th style="padding-left:0.5em"><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a>: </th> <td>Europos Parlamentas </td></tr> <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa"> <th style="padding-left:0.5em"><a href="/wiki/Maltese_language" title="Maltese language">Maltese</a>: </th> <td>Parlament Ewropew </td></tr> <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa"> <th style="padding-left:0.5em"><a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: </th> <td>Parlament Europejski </td></tr> <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa"> <th style="padding-left:0.5em"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>: </th> <td>Parlamento Europeu </td></tr> <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa"> <th style="padding-left:0.5em"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: </th> <td>Parlamentul European </td></tr> <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa"> <th style="padding-left:0.5em"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a>: </th> <td>Európsky parlament </td></tr> <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa"> <th style="padding-left:0.5em"><a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a>: </th> <td>Evropski parlament </td></tr> <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa"> <th style="padding-left:0.5em"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: </th> <td>Parlamento Europeo </td></tr> <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa"> <th style="padding-left:0.5em"><a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: </th> <td>Europaparlamentet </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><a href="/wiki/Tenth_European_Parliament" title="Tenth European Parliament">10th European Parliament</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:European_Parliament_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/European_Parliament_logo.svg/170px-European_Parliament_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/European_Parliament_logo.svg/255px-European_Parliament_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/European_Parliament_logo.svg/340px-European_Parliament_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="241" data-file-height="166" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #0C4DA2; border-bottom: 2px solid #0C4DA2">Type</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.3em;"><div style="display:inline" class="category"><a href="/wiki/European_Union_legislative_procedure" title="European Union legislative procedure">De facto lower house of bicameral legislature</a> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Term limits</div></th><td class="infobox-data">None</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #0C4DA2; border-bottom: 2px solid #0C4DA2">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">10 September 1952; 72 years ago (1952-09-10)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Common Assembly of the <a href="/wiki/European_Coal_and_Steel_Community" title="European Coal and Steel Community">European Coal and Steel Community</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #0C4DA2; border-bottom: 2px solid #0C4DA2">Leadership</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Parliament" title="President of the European Parliament">President</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Roberta_Metsola" title="Roberta Metsola">Roberta Metsola</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party_Group" title="European People's Party Group">EPP</a> since 18 January 2022 </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_European_Parliament#Secretary-General" title="Secretariat of the European Parliament">Secretary-General</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alessandro_Chiocchetti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alessandro Chiocchetti (page does not exist)">Alessandro Chiocchetti</a> since 1 January 2023 </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #0C4DA2; border-bottom: 2px solid #0C4DA2">Structure</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Seats</th><td class="infobox-data">720<a href="#cite_note-11">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:European_Parliament_-_Strasbourg_Chart_-_July_2024.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/European_Parliament_-_Strasbourg_Chart_-_July_2024.svg/250px-European_Parliament_-_Strasbourg_Chart_-_July_2024.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/European_Parliament_-_Strasbourg_Chart_-_July_2024.svg/375px-European_Parliament_-_Strasbourg_Chart_-_July_2024.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/European_Parliament_-_Strasbourg_Chart_-_July_2024.svg/500px-European_Parliament_-_Strasbourg_Chart_-_July_2024.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="351" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Political groups</div></th><td class="infobox-data"> <dl><dd><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style>  <a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party_Group" title="European People's Party Group">EPP</a> (188)<a href="#cite_note-1">[a]</a></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats" title="Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats">S&D</a> (136)<a href="#cite_note-2">[b]</a></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/Patriots_for_Europe" title="Patriots for Europe">PfE</a> (86)<a href="#cite_note-3">[c]</a></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/European_Conservatives_and_Reformists_Group" title="European Conservatives and Reformists Group">ECR</a> (78)<a href="#cite_note-4">[d]</a></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/Renew_Europe" title="Renew Europe">Renew</a> (77)<a href="#cite_note-5">[e]</a></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/Greens%E2%80%93European_Free_Alliance" title="Greens–European Free Alliance">Greens/EFA</a> (53)<a href="#cite_note-6">[f]</a></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/The_Left_in_the_European_Parliament_%E2%80%93_GUE/NGL" class="mw-redirect" title="The Left in the European Parliament – GUE/NGL">The Left</a> (46)<a href="#cite_note-7">[g]</a></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/Europe_of_Sovereign_Nations_Group" title="Europe of Sovereign Nations Group">ESN</a> (25)<a href="#cite_note-8">[h]</a></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/Non-attached_members" title="Non-attached members">NI</a> (30)<a href="#cite_note-9">[i]</a></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/Casual_vacancy" title="Casual vacancy">Vacant</a> (<a href="/wiki/Antoni_Com%C3%ADn" title="Antoni Comín">1</a>)<a href="#cite_note-10">[1]</a></dd></dl> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Committees</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; background: transparent; border: 0; padding: 0; text-align: right; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background: transparent; border: 0; padding: 0; text-align: left; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;"><div><a href="/wiki/Committees_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Committees of the European Parliament">22</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Budgets" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee on Budgets">Budgets</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Budgetary_Control" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee on Budgetary Control">Budgetary Control</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Economic_and_Monetary_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs">Economic & Monetary Affairs</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Employment_and_Social_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee on Employment and Social Affairs">Employment & Social Affairs</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament_Committee_on_the_Environment,_Public_Health_and_Food_Safety" title="European Parliament Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety">Environment, Public Health & Food Safety</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Industry,_Research_and_Energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee on Industry, Research and Energy">Industry, Research & Energy</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Internal_Market_and_Consumer_Protection" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee on Internal Market and Consumer Protection">Internal Market & Consumer Protection</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Transport_and_Tourism" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee on Transport and Tourism">Transport & Tourism</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Regional_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee on Regional Development">Regional Development</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Agriculture_and_Rural_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development">Agriculture & Rural Development</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Fisheries" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee on Fisheries">Fisheries</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Culture_and_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee on Culture and Education">Culture & Education</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Legal_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee on Legal Affairs">Legal Affairs</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Civil_Liberties,_Justice_and_Home_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs">Civil Liberties, Justice & Home Affairs</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Constitutional_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee on Constitutional Affairs">Constitutional Affairs</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Women%27s_Rights_and_Gender_Equality" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality">Women's Rights & Gender Equality</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Petitions" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee on Petitions">Petitions</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Foreign_Affairs_(EU)" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee on Foreign Affairs (EU)">Foreign Affairs</a> <div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subcommittee_on_Human_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Subcommittee on Human Rights">Human Rights</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Subcommittee_on_Security_and_Defence" class="mw-redirect" title="Subcommittee on Security and Defence">Security & Defence</a></li></ul></div> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee on Development">Development</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Committee_on_International_Trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee on International Trade">International Trade</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Length of term</div></th><td class="infobox-data">5 years</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Salary</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">€</a>8,932.86 monthly</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #0C4DA2; border-bottom: 2px solid #0C4DA2">Elections</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_system" title="Electoral system">Voting system</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">Chosen by member state. Systems include: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Party-list_proportional_representation" title="Party-list proportional representation">Party list PR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_transferable_vote" title="Single transferable vote">STV</a> in Ireland and Malta</li> <li>de facto <a href="/wiki/FPTP" class="mw-redirect" title="FPTP">FPTP/SMP</a> (only in the <a href="/wiki/German-speaking_electoral_college" title="German-speaking electoral college">German-speaking</a> <a href="/wiki/German-speaking_electoral_college" title="German-speaking electoral college">electoral college</a> in Belgium)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">First election</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election" title="1979 European Parliament election">7–10 June 1979</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Last election</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election" title="2024 European Parliament election">6–9 June 2024</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Next election</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2029</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #0C4DA2; border-bottom: 2px solid #0C4DA2">Motto</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Motto_of_the_European_Union" title="Motto of the European Union">In varietate concordia</a> (United in diversity)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #0C4DA2; border-bottom: 2px solid #0C4DA2">Meeting place</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:European_Parliament_hemicycle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="European parliament hemicycle in Strasbourg, France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/European_Parliament_hemicycle.jpg/300px-European_Parliament_hemicycle.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/European_Parliament_hemicycle.jpg/450px-European_Parliament_hemicycle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/European_Parliament_hemicycle.jpg/600px-European_Parliament_hemicycle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7008" data-file-height="4672" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data label"><a href="/wiki/Seat_of_the_European_Parliament_in_Strasbourg" title="Seat of the European Parliament in Strasbourg">Louise Weiss Building</a> <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a>, France</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:H%C3%A9mycicle_du_Parlement_europ%C3%A9en_(Bruxelles).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Euroopan parliaementin istuntosali (Brysselissä).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/H%C3%A9mycicle_du_Parlement_europ%C3%A9en_%28Bruxelles%29.JPG/300px-H%C3%A9mycicle_du_Parlement_europ%C3%A9en_%28Bruxelles%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/H%C3%A9mycicle_du_Parlement_europ%C3%A9en_%28Bruxelles%29.JPG/450px-H%C3%A9mycicle_du_Parlement_europ%C3%A9en_%28Bruxelles%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/H%C3%A9mycicle_du_Parlement_europ%C3%A9en_%28Bruxelles%29.JPG/600px-H%C3%A9mycicle_du_Parlement_europ%C3%A9en_%28Bruxelles%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2160" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data label"><a href="/wiki/Espace_L%C3%A9opold" title="Espace Léopold">Espace Léopold</a> <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, Belgium</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #0C4DA2; border-bottom: 2px solid #0C4DA2">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu">www.europarl.europa.eu</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #0C4DA2; border-bottom: 2px solid #0C4DA2">Constitution</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Treaties_of_the_European_Union" title="Treaties of the European Union">Treaties of the European Union</a></td></tr></tbody></table> The European Parliament (EP) is one of the two <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislative bodies</a> of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> and one of its seven <a href="/wiki/Institutions_of_the_European_Union" title="Institutions of the European Union">institutions</a>. Together with the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Council of the European Union">Council of the European Union</a> (known as the Council and informally as the Council of Ministers), it adopts European legislation, following a proposal by the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a>. The Parliament is composed of 720 <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">members</a> (MEPs), after the June 2024 European elections, from a previous 705 MEPs. It represents the second-largest democratic electorate in the world (after the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament of India</a>), with an electorate of around 375 million eligible <a href="/wiki/Voting" title="Voting">voters</a> in 2024.<a href="#cite_note-13">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-18_new_MEPs_take_their_seats-15">[6]</a> Since 1979, the Parliament has been directly elected every five years by the <a href="/wiki/Citizenship_of_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Citizenship of the European Union">citizens of the European Union</a> through <a href="/wiki/Universal_suffrage" title="Universal suffrage">universal suffrage</a>. <a href="/wiki/Voter_turnout" title="Voter turnout">Voter turnout</a> in parliamentary elections decreased each time after <a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election" title="1979 European Parliament election">1979</a> until <a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election" title="2019 European Parliament election">2019</a>, when voter turnout increased by eight percentage points, and rose above 50% for the first time since <a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election" title="1994 European Parliament election">1994</a>.<a href="#cite_note-16">[7]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Voting_age" title="Voting age">voting age</a> is 18 in all <a href="/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union" title="Member state of the European Union">EU member states</a> except for <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, where it is 16, and <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, where it is 17.<a href="#cite_note-17">[8]</a> The European Parliament has legislative power in that the adoption of EU legislation normally requires its approval, and that of the Council, in what amounts to a bicameral legislature. However, it does not formally possess the <a href="/wiki/Right_of_initiative_(legislative)" title="Right of initiative (legislative)">right of initiative</a> (i.e. the right to formally initiate the legislative procedure) in the way that most <a href="/wiki/National_parliaments_of_the_European_Union" title="National parliaments of the European Union">national parliaments</a> of the member states do, as the right of initiative is a prerogative of the European Commission.<a href="#cite_note-Parliament's_powers-18">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pot_initiative-19">[10]</a> Nonetheless, the Parliament and the Council each have the right to request the Commission to initiate the legislative procedure and put forward a proposal.<a href="#cite_note-20">[11]</a> The Parliament is, in protocol terms, the "first institution" of the European Union (mentioned first in <a href="/wiki/Treaties_of_the_European_Union" title="Treaties of the European Union">its treaties</a> and having ceremonial precedence over the other EU institutions),<a href="#cite_note-Protocol-21">[12]</a> and shares equal legislative and <a href="/wiki/Budget_of_the_European_Union" title="Budget of the European Union">budgetary powers</a> with the Council (except on a few issues where <a href="/wiki/Legislature_of_the_European_Union#Special_legislative_procedures" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislature of the European Union">special legislative procedures</a> apply). It likewise has equal control over the <a href="/wiki/Budget_of_the_European_Union" title="Budget of the European Union">EU budget</a>. Ultimately, the European Commission, which serves as the executive branch of the EU, is accountable to Parliament. In particular, Parliament can decide whether or not to approve the European Council's nominee for <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Commission" title="President of the European Commission">President of the Commission</a>, and is further tasked with approving (or rejecting) the appointment of the Commission as a whole. It can subsequently force the current Commission to resign by adopting a <a href="/wiki/Motion_of_censure" class="mw-redirect" title="Motion of censure">motion of censure</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Parliament's_powers-18">[9]</a> The <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Parliament" title="President of the European Parliament">president of the European Parliament</a> is the body's <a href="/wiki/Speaker_(politics)" title="Speaker (politics)">speaker</a> and presides over the multi-party chamber. The five largest political groups are the <a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party_Group" title="European People's Party Group">European People's Party Group</a> (EPP), the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats" title="Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats">Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats</a> (S&D), <a href="/wiki/Patriots_for_Europe" title="Patriots for Europe">Patriots for Europe</a> (PfE), the <a href="/wiki/European_Conservatives_and_Reformists_Group" title="European Conservatives and Reformists Group">European Conservatives and Reformists Group</a> (ECR), and <a href="/wiki/Renew_Europe" title="Renew Europe">Renew Europe</a> (Renew). The last EU-wide election was <a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election" title="2024 European Parliament election">held in 2024</a>. The Parliament's headquarters are officially in <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a>, France,<a href="#cite_note-treaty-22">[13]</a> and has <a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Secretariat of the European Parliament">its administrative offices</a> in <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City">Luxembourg City</a>. <a href="/wiki/Plenary_session" title="Plenary session">Plenary sessions</a> are normally held in Strasbourg for four days a month, but sometimes there are additional sessions in Brussels,<a href="#cite_note-about-eu-23">[14]</a> while the Parliament's committee meetings are held primarily in Brussels, Belgium.<a href="#cite_note-about-eu-23">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-Consolidated_Treaty-24">[15]</a> In practice, the Parliament works three weeks per month in Brussels and one week (four days) in Strasbourg. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Drapeaux_du_parlement_europ%C3%A9en,_Strasbourg_juillet_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/95/Drapeaux_du_parlement_europ%C3%A9en%2C_Strasbourg_juillet_2019.jpg/220px-Drapeaux_du_parlement_europ%C3%A9en%2C_Strasbourg_juillet_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/95/Drapeaux_du_parlement_europ%C3%A9en%2C_Strasbourg_juillet_2019.jpg/330px-Drapeaux_du_parlement_europ%C3%A9en%2C_Strasbourg_juillet_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/95/Drapeaux_du_parlement_europ%C3%A9en%2C_Strasbourg_juillet_2019.jpg/440px-Drapeaux_du_parlement_europ%C3%A9en%2C_Strasbourg_juillet_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4647" data-file-height="3485" /></a><figcaption>The European Parliament in <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a></figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Parliament&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_European_Union" title="History of the European Union">History of the European Union</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_European_Parliament_(1973-1983).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_European_Parliament_%281973-1983%29.svg/220px-Flag_of_the_European_Parliament_%281973-1983%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_European_Parliament_%281973-1983%29.svg/330px-Flag_of_the_European_Parliament_%281973-1983%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_European_Parliament_%281973-1983%29.svg/440px-Flag_of_the_European_Parliament_%281973-1983%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>The European Parliament's flag until 1983</figcaption></figure> The Parliament, like the other EU institutions, was not designed in its current form when it first met on 10 September 1952. One of the oldest common institutions, it began as the Common Assembly of the <a href="/wiki/European_Coal_and_Steel_Community" title="European Coal and Steel Community">European Coal and Steel Community</a> (ECSC). It was a consultative assembly of 78 appointed parliamentarians <a href="/wiki/Dual_mandate" title="Dual mandate">drawn</a> from the national parliaments of member states, having no legislative powers.<a href="#cite_note-ENA_History-25">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[17]</a> The change since its foundation was highlighted by Professor <a href="/wiki/David_Farrell_(political_scientist)" title="David Farrell (political scientist)">David Farrell</a> of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Manchester" title="University of Manchester">University of Manchester</a>: "For much of its life, the European Parliament could have been justly labelled a 'multi-lingual talking shop'."<a href="#cite_note-Farrell_Powerful-27">[18]</a> Its development since its foundation shows how the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>'s structures have evolved without a clear 'master plan'. <a href="/wiki/T._R._Reid" title="T. R. Reid">Tom Reid</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a> has said of the union that "nobody would have deliberately designed a government as complex and as redundant as the EU".<a href="#cite_note-28">[19]</a> Even the Parliament's <a href="/wiki/Location_of_European_Union_institutions#European_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Location of European Union institutions">three working locations</a>, which have switched several times, are a result of various agreements or lack of agreements. Although most <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">MEPs</a> would prefer to be based just in Brussels, where it conducts the bulk of its work, at <a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">John Major</a>'s 1992 Edinburgh <a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">summit</a>, France engineered a treaty amendment whereby the European Parliament's official seat is in Strasbourg.<a href="#cite_note-ENA_History-25">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[20]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consultative_assembly">Consultative assembly</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Parliament&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Consultative assembly">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F023908-0002,_Stra%C3%9Fburg,_Tagung_des_Europarates.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F023908-0002%2C_Stra%C3%9Fburg%2C_Tagung_des_Europarates.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F023908-0002%2C_Stra%C3%9Fburg%2C_Tagung_des_Europarates.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F023908-0002%2C_Stra%C3%9Fburg%2C_Tagung_des_Europarates.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F023908-0002%2C_Stra%C3%9Fburg%2C_Tagung_des_Europarates.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F023908-0002%2C_Stra%C3%9Fburg%2C_Tagung_des_Europarates.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F023908-0002%2C_Stra%C3%9Fburg%2C_Tagung_des_Europarates.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="583" /></a><figcaption>Session of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe in the former <a href="/wiki/House_of_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Europe">House of Europe</a> in Strasbourg, France in January 1967. <a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Willy Brandt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_(Germany)" title="Minister for Foreign Affairs (Germany)">West German minister for Foreign Affairs</a>, is speaking.</figcaption></figure> The body was not mentioned in the original <a href="/wiki/Schuman_Declaration" title="Schuman Declaration">Schuman Declaration</a>. It was assumed or hoped that difficulties with the British[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] would be resolved to allow the <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe">Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe</a> to perform legislative tasks. A separate Assembly was introduced during negotiations on the Treaty as an institution to counterbalance and monitor the <a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">executive</a> while providing democratic legitimacy.<a href="#cite_note-ENA_History-25">[16]</a> The wording of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1951)" title="Treaty of Paris (1951)">ECSC Treaty</a> demonstrated leaders' desire for more than a normal consultative assembly by allowing for direct election and using the term "representatives of the people". Its early importance was highlighted when the Assembly was given the task of drawing up the draft treaty to establish a <a href="/wiki/European_Political_Community_(1952)" title="European Political Community (1952)">European Political Community</a>. By this document, the Ad Hoc Assembly was established on 13 September 1952<a href="#cite_note-AEIpolitical_union_draft_treaty_1-30">[21]</a> with extra members, but after the failure of the negotiated and proposed <a href="/wiki/European_Defence_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="European Defence Community">European Defence Community</a> (French parliament veto), the project was dropped.<a href="#cite_note-ENA_composition-31">[22]</a> Instead, the <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">European Economic Community</a> and <a href="/wiki/Euratom" title="Euratom">Euratom</a> were established in 1958 by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Rome" title="Treaty of Rome">Treaties of Rome</a>. The Common Assembly was shared by all three communities (which had separate executives) and it renamed itself the European Parliamentary Assembly.<a href="#cite_note-ENA_History-25">[16]</a> The first meeting was held on 19 March 1958 having been set up in Luxembourg City, it elected Schuman as its president and on 13 May it rearranged itself to sit according to political ideology rather than nationality.<a href="#cite_note-1958_history-32">[23]</a> This is seen as the birth of the modern European Parliament, with Parliament's 50 years celebrations being held in March 2008 rather than 2002.<a href="#cite_note-50_years-33">[24]</a> The three communities <a href="/wiki/Merger_Treaty" title="Merger Treaty">merged</a> their remaining organs as the <a href="/wiki/European_Communities" title="European Communities">European Communities</a> in 1967, and the body's name was changed to the current "European Parliament" in 1962.<a href="#cite_note-ENA_History-25">[16]</a> In 1970 the Parliament was granted power over areas of the <a href="/wiki/Budget_of_the_European_Union" title="Budget of the European Union">Communities' budget</a>, which were expanded to the whole budget in 1975.<a href="#cite_note-ENA_Budget-34">[25]</a> Under the Rome Treaties, the Parliament should have become elected. However, the Council was required to agree a uniform voting system beforehand, which it failed to do. The Parliament threatened to take the Council to the <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Justice" title="European Court of Justice">European Court of Justice</a>; this led to a compromise whereby the Council would agree to elections, but with each Member State using its own electoral system, leaving the issue of a uniform voting systems to be decided at a later date.<a href="#cite_note-Hoskyns-35">[26]</a> For its sessions the assembly, and later the parliament, until 1999 convened in the same premises as the <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe">Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe</a>: the House of Europe<a href="#cite_note-36">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[28]</a> until 1977, and the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Europe" title="Palace of Europe">Palace of Europe</a> until 1999. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elected_Parliament">Elected Parliament</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Parliament&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Elected Parliament">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Europa_Parlament_1985.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Europa_Parlament_1985.jpg/220px-Europa_Parlament_1985.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Europa_Parlament_1985.jpg/330px-Europa_Parlament_1985.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Europa_Parlament_1985.jpg/440px-Europa_Parlament_1985.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4158" data-file-height="2974" /></a><figcaption>A plenary session in the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Europe" title="Palace of Europe">Palace of Europe</a> in April 1985, in Strasbourg, France. It was the EP's hemicycle until 1999 when a new building was constructed in Strasbourg, France.</figcaption></figure> In 1979, its members were <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Elections in the European Union">directly elected</a> for the <a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election" title="1979 European Parliament election">first time</a>. This sets it apart from similar institutions such as those of the <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe">Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe</a> or <a href="/wiki/Pan-African_Parliament" title="Pan-African Parliament">Pan-African Parliament</a> which are appointed.<a href="#cite_note-ENA_History-25">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[30]</a> After that first election, the parliament held its first session on 17 July 1979, electing <a href="/wiki/Simone_Veil" title="Simone Veil">Simone Veil</a> MEP as its president.<a href="#cite_note-40">[31]</a> Veil was also the first female president of the Parliament since it was formed as the Common Assembly. As an elected body, the Parliament began to draft proposals addressing the functioning of the EU. For example, in 1984, inspired by its previous work on the Political Community, it drafted the "draft Treaty establishing the European Union" (also known as the 'Spinelli Plan' after its rapporteur <a href="/wiki/Altiero_Spinelli" title="Altiero Spinelli">Altiero Spinelli</a> MEP). Although it was not adopted, many ideas were later taken up in other treaties.<a href="#cite_note-ENA_TEU-41">[32]</a> Furthermore, the Parliament began holding votes on proposed <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Commission" title="President of the European Commission">Commission Presidents</a> from the 1980s, before it was given any formal right to veto their appointment.<a href="#cite_note-Commission_Appointment-42">[33]</a> Since it became an elected body, the membership of the European Parliament has expanded when new nations have joined (the membership was also adjusted upwards in 1994 after <a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">German reunification</a>). Following this, the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Nice" title="Treaty of Nice">Treaty of Nice</a> imposed a cap on the number of members to be elected: 732, later raised to 751 by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lisbon" title="Treaty of Lisbon">Treaty of Lisbon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ENA_History-25">[16]</a> Like the other institutions, the Parliament's <a href="/wiki/Seat_(legal_entity)" title="Seat (legal entity)">seat</a> was not yet fixed. The provisional arrangements placed Parliament in <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a>, while the Commission and Council had their seats in Brussels. In 1985 the Parliament, wishing to be closer to these institutions, built a second chamber in Brussels and moved some of its work there despite protests from some states. A final agreement was eventually reached by the <a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a> in 1992. It stated the Parliament would retain its formal seat in Strasbourg, where twelve sessions a year would be held, but with all other parliamentary activity in Brussels. This two-seat arrangement was contested by the Parliament, but was later enshrined in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Amsterdam" title="Treaty of Amsterdam">Treaty of Amsterdam</a>. To this day the <a href="/wiki/Location_of_European_Union_institutions" class="mw-redirect" title="Location of European Union institutions">institution's locations</a> are a source of contention.<a href="#cite_note-ENA_seats-43">[34]</a> The Parliament gained more powers from successive revisions of the EU treaties, notably through the extension of the <a href="/wiki/Ordinary_legislative_procedure" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordinary legislative procedure">ordinary legislative procedure</a> (originally called the codecision procedure),<a href="#cite_note-ENA_legis-44">[35]</a> and the right to approve international agreements through the consent procedure. In 1999, the Parliament forced the resignation of the <a href="/wiki/Santer_Commission" title="Santer Commission">Santer Commission</a>.<a href="#cite_note-45">[36]</a> The Parliament had refused to approve the <a href="/wiki/Budget_of_the_European_Union" title="Budget of the European Union">Community budget</a> over allegations of fraud and mis-management in the commission. The two main parties took on a government-opposition dynamic for the first time during the crisis which ended in the Commission resigning en masse, the first of any forced resignation, in the face of an impending censure from the Parliament.<a href="#cite_note-Ringe-46">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commission_accountability_to_the_Parliament">Commission accountability to the Parliament</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Parliament&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Commission accountability to the Parliament">edit</a>]</div> The Parliament had always had the right to dismiss the European Commission in a vote of censure, but it initially had no role in its appointment. In the 1992 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Maastricht" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Maastricht">Treaty of Maastricht</a>, the Member States gave the Parliament the right to approve or reject an incoming Commission. In the 1997 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Amsterdam" title="Treaty of Amsterdam">Treaty of Amsterdam</a>, they gave it the right to approve or reject an incoming President of the Commission. In 2004, following the largest trans-national election in history, the European Council proposed as Commission President a candidate, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Manuel_Barroso" title="José Manuel Barroso">José Manuel Barroso</a>, from the largest political party (the EPP). The Parliament approved him by 431 votes to 251. However, when it came to the vote on the Commission as a whole, MEPs raised doubts about some of the nominees following their performance in the public hearings of them conducted by Parliament's committees. Most notably, the <a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Civil_Liberties,_Justice_and_Home_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs">Civil Liberties committee</a> rejected <a href="/wiki/Rocco_Buttiglione" title="Rocco Buttiglione">Rocco Buttiglione</a> for the post of <a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Justice,_Freedom_and_Security" class="mw-redirect" title="European Commissioner for Justice, Freedom and Security">Commissioner for Justice, Freedom and Security</a> over his views on homosexuality. That was the first time the Parliament had ever opposed an incoming Commissioner and, despite Barroso's initial insistence upon Buttiglione, the Parliament forced Buttiglione to be withdrawn. A number of other Commissioners also had to be withdrawn or reassigned before Parliament voted to allow the <a href="/wiki/Barroso_Commission" title="Barroso Commission">Barroso Commission</a> to take office.<a href="#cite_note-IHT_Butt-47">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[39]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bolkestein.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Bolkestein.png/170px-Bolkestein.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Bolkestein.png/255px-Bolkestein.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Bolkestein.png/340px-Bolkestein.png 2x" data-file-width="852" data-file-height="1048" /></a><figcaption>Parliament's overhaul of the <a href="/wiki/Bolkestein_directive" title="Bolkestein directive">Bolkestein directive</a> signalled a major growth in status for Parliament.</figcaption></figure> The Parliament also became more assertive in amending legislative proposals put forward by the European Commission. A notable example was on the <a href="/wiki/Bolkestein_directive" title="Bolkestein directive">Bolkestein directive</a> in 2006, when the Parliament voted by a large majority for over 400 amendments that changed the fundamental principle of the law. The <a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a> described it in the following terms:<a href="#cite_note-FT_CIO-49">[40]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">That is where the European parliament has suddenly come into its own. It marks another shift in power between the three central EU institutions. Last week's vote suggests that the directly elected MEPs, in spite of their multitude of ideological, national and historical allegiances, have started to coalesce as a serious and effective EU institution, just as enlargement has greatly complicated negotiations inside both the Council and Commission.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>"How the European parliament got serious", Financial Times (23 February 2006)</cite></div></blockquote> In 2007, for the first time, Justice Commissioner <a href="/wiki/Franco_Frattini" title="Franco Frattini">Franco Frattini</a> included Parliament in talks on the second <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Information_System" title="Schengen Information System">Schengen Information System</a> even though, in this field at the time, MEPs only needed to be consulted on parts of the package. After that experiment, Frattini indicated he would like to include Parliament in all justice and criminal matters, informally pre-empting the new powers they were due to gain in 2009 as part of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lisbon" title="Treaty of Lisbon">Treaty of Lisbon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Frattini_2009-50">[41]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recent_history">Recent history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Parliament&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Recent history">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Barroso_Commission" title="Barroso Commission">Barroso Commission</a></div> Between 2007 and 2009, a <a href="/wiki/Special_working_group_on_parliamentary_reform" title="Special working group on parliamentary reform">special working group on parliamentary reform</a> implemented a series of changes to modernise the institution such as more speaking time for rapporteurs, increased committee co-operation and other efficiency reforms.<a href="#cite_note-REFO12-51">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-REFO3-52">[43]</a> The Lisbon Treaty came into force on 1 December 2009, granting Parliament powers over the entire <a href="/wiki/Budget_of_the_European_Union" title="Budget of the European Union">EU budget</a>, making Parliament's <a href="/wiki/Ordinary_legislative_procedure" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordinary legislative procedure">legislative powers</a> equal to the Council's in nearly all areas and describing Parliament's vote on an incoming <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Commission" title="President of the European Commission">Commission President</a> Commission President as an "election", with the European Council having to make its proposal to Parliament in light of the results of the European elections.<a href="#cite_note-Constitution_info-53">[44]</a> Barroso gained the support of the European Council for a second term and secured majority support from the Parliament in September 2009. Parliament voted 382 votes in favour and 219 votes against (117 abstentions) with support of the <a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_Conservatives_and_Reformists_Party" title="European Conservatives and Reformists Party">European Conservatives and Reformists Party</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe">Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-B2V-54">[45]</a> The liberals gave support after Barroso gave them a number of concessions; the liberals previously joined the socialists' call for a delayed vote (the EPP had wanted to approve Barroso in July of that year).<a href="#cite_note-B2C-55">[46]</a> Once Barroso put forward the candidates for his next Commission, another case of MEPs opposing a particular nominee arose. Bulgarian nominee <a href="/wiki/Rumiana_Jeleva" title="Rumiana Jeleva">Rumiana Jeleva</a> was forced to step down by Parliament due to concerns over her experience and financial interests. She only had the support of the EPP which began to retaliate on left wing candidates before Jeleva gave in and was replaced (setting back the final vote further).<a href="#cite_note-RJ-56">[47]</a> Before the final vote on the Commission, Parliament demanded a number of concessions as part of a future working agreement under the new Lisbon Treaty. The deal includes that Parliament's president will attend high level Commission meetings. Parliament will have an observer seat in the EU's Commission-led international negotiations and have a right to information on agreements. Parliament did not secure an explicit vote over the appointment of <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="List of diplomatic missions of the European Union">delegation</a> heads and <a href="/wiki/European_Union_Special_Representative" title="European Union Special Representative">special representatives</a> for foreign policy, but it was agreed that they will appear before parliament after they have been appointed by the <a href="/wiki/High_Representative" class="mw-redirect" title="High Representative">High Representative</a>. Parliament wanted a pledge from the Commission that it would automatically put forward legislation when parliament requests. Barroso considered this an infringement on the Commission's powers but did agree to respond within three months. Most requests are already responded to positively.<a href="#cite_note-B2A-57">[48]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MEPs_condemn_Hamas_attack_on_Israel_and_call_for_a_humanitarian_pause_-_53271623613.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/MEPs_condemn_Hamas_attack_on_Israel_and_call_for_a_humanitarian_pause_-_53271623613.jpg/220px-MEPs_condemn_Hamas_attack_on_Israel_and_call_for_a_humanitarian_pause_-_53271623613.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/MEPs_condemn_Hamas_attack_on_Israel_and_call_for_a_humanitarian_pause_-_53271623613.jpg/330px-MEPs_condemn_Hamas_attack_on_Israel_and_call_for_a_humanitarian_pause_-_53271623613.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/MEPs_condemn_Hamas_attack_on_Israel_and_call_for_a_humanitarian_pause_-_53271623613.jpg/440px-MEPs_condemn_Hamas_attack_on_Israel_and_call_for_a_humanitarian_pause_-_53271623613.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Moment of silence for victims of Hamas' terrorist attack on Israel, October 2023</figcaption></figure> During the setting up of the <a href="/wiki/European_External_Action_Service" title="European External Action Service">European External Action Service</a> (EEAS), Parliament used its control over the EU budget to influence the shape of the EEAS. MEPs had aimed at getting greater oversight over the EEAS by linking it to the Commission and having political deputies to the <a href="/wiki/High_Representative_of_the_Union_for_Foreign_Affairs_and_Security_Policy" title="High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy">High Representative</a>. MEPs did not manage to get everything they demanded. However, they got broader financial control over the new body.<a href="#cite_note-EEAS-58">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[50]</a> In December 2017, <a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a> denounced the insufficient racial diversity among Members of the European Parliament.<a href="#cite_note-60">[51]</a> The subsequent news coverage contributed to create the Brussels So White movement to campaign to rectify this situation.<a href="#cite_note-61">[52]</a> On gender balance, some 37 percent of MEPs were women in the 2014-19 Parliament and 40 percent in the 2019-24 Parliament, a greater proposition than in most national Parliaments in Member States <a href="#cite_note-62">[53]</a> In January 2019, MEPs supported proposals to boost opportunities for women and tackle sexual harassment in the European Parliament.<a href="#cite_note-63">[54]</a> In 2022, four people were arrested because of corruption. This came to be known as the <a href="/wiki/Qatar_corruption_scandal_at_the_European_Parliament" title="Qatar corruption scandal at the European Parliament">Qatar corruption scandal at the European Parliament</a>.<a href="#cite_note-64">[55]</a> In October 2023, the Parliament adopted a resolution to condemn "Hamas' despicable terrorist attacks against Israel".<a href="#cite_note-65">[56]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Powers_and_functions">Powers and functions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Parliament&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Powers and functions">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_the_European_Union" title="Category:Politics of the European Union">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_European_Union" title="Politics of the European Union">Politics of the European Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/125px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/188px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/250px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union" title="Member state of the European Union">Member states</a> (27)</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"><div><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /> <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul></div> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Potential enlargement of the European Union">Candidate countries</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania"><img alt="Albania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Albania_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Albania to the European Union">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina"><img alt="Bosnia and Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the European Union">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)"><img alt="Georgia (country)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Georgia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Georgia–European Union relations">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova"><img alt="Moldova" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/46px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Moldova_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Moldova to the European Union">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro"><img alt="Montenegro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Montenegro_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Montenegro to the European Union">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia"><img alt="North Macedonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_North_Macedonia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of North Macedonia to the European Union">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia"><img alt="Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Serbia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Serbia to the European Union">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Ukraine_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Ukraine to the European Union">Ukraine</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Potential enlargement of the European Union">Countries with suspended accession negotiations</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Turkey_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Turkey to the European Union">Turkey</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Potential enlargement of the European Union">Applicant countries</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo"><img alt="Kosovo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/21px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/42px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Kosovo_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Kosovo to the European Union">Kosovo</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_territories_of_states_participating_in_the_European_integration" class="mw-redirect" title="Special territories of states participating in the European integration">Special territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="Belgium–Germany relations">Belgium–Germany relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="France–Germany relations">France–Germany relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations" title="Germany–Netherlands relations">Germany–Netherlands relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EU_three" title="EU three">EU 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_from_the_European_Union" title="Withdrawal from the European Union">Withdrawal from the European Union</a></li></ul> <hr /></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Treaties_of_the_European_Union" title="Treaties of the European Union">Treaties and Declarations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schuman_Declaration" title="Schuman Declaration">Schuman Declaration</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1951)" title="Treaty of Paris (1951)">Treaty of Paris</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_Declaration" title="Europe Declaration">Europe Declaration</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaak_Report" title="Spaak Report">Spaak Report</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Rome" title="Treaty of Rome">Treaty of Rome</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euratom_Treaty" title="Euratom Treaty">Euratom Treaty</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merger_Treaty" title="Merger Treaty">Merger Treaty</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solemn_Declaration_on_European_Union" title="Solemn Declaration on European Union">Solemn Declaration</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_European_Act" title="Single European Act">Single European Act</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maastricht_Treaty" title="Maastricht Treaty">Maastricht Treaty</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Amsterdam" title="Treaty of Amsterdam">Treaty of Amsterdam</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Nice" title="Treaty of Nice">Treaty of Nice</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Declaration_(2007)" title="Berlin Declaration (2007)">Berlin Declaration</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lisbon" title="Treaty of Lisbon">Treaty of Lisbon</a> (2007) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Article_7_of_the_Treaty_on_European_Union" title="Article 7 of the Treaty on European Union">Article 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_from_the_European_Union" title="Withdrawal from the European Union">Article 50</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Opt-outs_in_the_European_Union" title="Opt-outs in the European Union">Opt-outs</a></div> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Treaties of accession</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Accession_1972" title="Treaty of Accession 1972">1972</a>, <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Accession_1979" title="Treaty of Accession 1979">1979</a>, <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Accession_1985" title="Treaty of Accession 1985">1985</a>, <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Accession_1994" title="Treaty of Accession 1994">1994</a>, <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Accession_2003" title="Treaty of Accession 2003">2003</a>, <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Accession_2005" title="Treaty of Accession 2005">2005</a>, <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Accession_2011" title="Treaty of Accession 2011">2011</a></div> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Treaties of succession</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_Greenland_from_the_European_Communities" title="Withdrawal of Greenland from the European Communities">1984</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brexit_withdrawal_agreement" title="Brexit withdrawal agreement">2020</a></div> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Other treaties</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schengen_Agreement" title="Schengen Agreement">Schengen Agreement</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Area" title="European Economic Area">European Economic Area Agreement</a> (1992)</li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Abandoned treaties and agreements</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_establishing_a_Constitution_for_Europe" title="Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe">European Constitution</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%932016_United_Kingdom_renegotiation_of_European_Union_membership" title="2015–2016 United Kingdom renegotiation of European Union membership">UK membership renegotiation</a> (2015–2016)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Executive institutions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Council" title="President of the European Council">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Michel" title="Charles Michel">Michel</a> (ALDE) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Council#Political_parties" title="European Council">Parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Council_meetings" title="List of European Council meetings">List of meetings</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Von_der_Leyen_Commission" title="Von der Leyen Commission">Von der Leyen Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Commission" title="President of the European Commission">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen" title="Ursula von der Leyen">Von der Leyen</a> (EPP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice-President_of_the_European_Commission" title="Vice-President of the European Commission">Vice Presidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner" class="mw-redirect" title="European Commissioner">College of Commissioners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Civil_Service" title="European Civil Service">Civil Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_European_Commission" title="Secretary-General of the European Commission">Secretary-General</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ilze_Juhansone" title="Ilze Juhansone"> Juhansone</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/European_Union_legislative_procedure" title="European Union legislative procedure">Legislative institutions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_legislative_procedure" title="European Union legislative procedure">Legislative procedure</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Council of the European Union">Council of the EU</a> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Presidency of the Council of the European Union">Presidency</a></div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/2024_Hungarian_Presidency_of_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" title="2024 Hungarian Presidency of the Council of the European Union">Hungary</a></div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">(<a href="/wiki/2024_Hungarian_Presidency_of_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" title="2024 Hungarian Presidency of the Council of the European Union">July–December 2024</a>) </div></div> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Configurations</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Affairs_Council" title="General Affairs Council">GAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs_Council" title="Foreign Affairs Council">FAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Financial_Affairs_Council" title="Economic and Financial Affairs Council">ECOFIN</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurogroup" title="Eurogroup">Eurogroup</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_and_Fisheries_Council" title="Agriculture and Fisheries Council">AGRIFISH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment,_Social_Policy,_Health_and_Consumer_Affairs_Council" title="Employment, Social Policy, Health and Consumer Affairs Council">EPSCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competitiveness_Council_(COMPET)" title="Competitiveness Council (COMPET)">COMPET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport,_Telecommunications_and_Energy_Council" title="Transport, Telecommunications and Energy Council">TTE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_Council" title="Environment Council">ENVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Home_Affairs_Council" title="Justice and Home Affairs Council">JHA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education,_Youth,_Culture_and_Sport_Council" title="Education, Youth, Culture and Sport Council">EYC</a></li></ul> </div> </div> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Voting_in_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Voting in the Council of the European Union">Voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Secretariat_of_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" title="General Secretariat of the Council of the European Union">Secretariat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Secretary-General of the Council of the European Union">Secretary-General</a>: <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Blanchet" title="Thérèse Blanchet">Thérèse Blanchet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_directorates-general_of_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="List of directorates-general of the Council of the European Union">Directorates-general</a></li></ul></li> <li>Council preparatory bodies <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Permanent_Representatives" title="Committee of Permanent Representatives">COREPER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_Working_Party" title="Council Working Party">Council Working Parties</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">European Parliament</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_(2024%E2%80%932029)" title="List of members of the European Parliament (2024–2029)">Members</a>)</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Parliament" title="President of the European Parliament">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Roberta_Metsola" title="Roberta Metsola">Metsola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_groups_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Political groups of the European Parliament">Largest groups</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party_group" class="mw-redirect" title="European People's Party group">EPP</a> (<a href="/wiki/Manfred_Weber" title="Manfred Weber">Manfred Weber</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats" title="Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats">S&D</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iratxe_Garc%C3%ADa" title="Iratxe García">Iratxe García</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">Member of the European Parliament</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenth_European_Parliament" title="Tenth European Parliament">10th session</a> (2024–2029)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Bureau of the European Parliament">Bureau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vice-President_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Vice-President of the European Parliament">Vice Presidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaestor_(European_Parliament)" title="Quaestor (European Parliament)">Quaestor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conference_of_Presidents_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Conference of Presidents of the European Parliament">Conference</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/National_parliaments_of_the_European_Union" title="National parliaments of the European Union">National parliaments</a></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Judicial institutions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Justice_of_the_European_Union" title="Court of Justice of the European Union">Court of Justice of the EU</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Justice" title="European Court of Justice">European Court of Justice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Court_of_Justice" title="List of members of the European Court of Justice">Members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advocate_General_(European_Union)" class="mw-redirect" title="Advocate General (European Union)">Advocates General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Court_of_Justice_rulings" title="List of European Court of Justice rulings">Rulings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Court_(European_Union)" title="General Court (European Union)">General Court</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Auditory institutions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Auditors" title="European Court of Auditors">European Court of Auditors</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Auditors" title="European Court of Auditors">European Court of Auditors</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Other auditory bodies</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internal_Audit_Service_(European_Commission)" title="Internal Audit Service (European Commission)">Internal Audit Service of the Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament_Committee_on_Budgetary_Control" title="European Parliament Committee on Budgetary Control"> Committee on Budgetary Control of the Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Financial_Affairs_Council" title="Economic and Financial Affairs Council">Economic and Financial Affairs configuration of the Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Anti-Fraud_Office" title="European Anti-Fraud Office">Anti-Fraud Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Public_Prosecutor%27s_Office" title="European Public Prosecutor's Office">Public Prosecutor's Office</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/European_Central_Bank" title="European Central Bank">European Central Bank</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Central_Bank" title="President of the European Central Bank">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Christine_Lagarde" title="Christine Lagarde">Lagarde</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_System_of_Central_Banks" title="European System of Central Banks">ESCB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Monetary_Union_of_the_European_Union" title="Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union">EMU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro_banknotes" title="Euro banknotes">Euro banknotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro_coins" title="Euro coins">Euro coins</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Other bodies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">European Investment Bank Group</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Investment_Bank" title="European Investment Bank">Investment Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Investment_Fund" title="European Investment Fund">Investment Fund</a></li> <li>EIB Institute</li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">European Stability Mechanism</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Stability_Mechanism" title="European Stability Mechanism">European Stability Mechanism</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">European University Institute</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_University_Institute" title="European University Institute">European University Institute</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Unified Patent Court</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Patent_Court" title="Unified Patent Court">Unified Patent Court</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Agencies,_decentralised_independent_bodies_and_joint_undertakings_of_the_European_Union_and_the_Euratom" class="mw-redirect" title="Agencies, decentralised independent bodies and joint undertakings of the European Union and the Euratom">Agencies, decentralised independent bodies and joint undertakings</a></div> <ul><li>Decentralised agencies of the EU <ul><li>Single market agencies</li> <li>CFSP agencies</li> <li>AFSC agencies</li> <li>ESFS <a href="/wiki/European_Supervisory_Authorities" class="mw-redirect" title="European Supervisory Authorities">European Supervisory Authorities</a></li> <li>SRM bodies</li></ul></li> <li>Executive agencies of the EU</li> <li>Euratom agencies</li> <li>Decentralised independent bodies of the EU <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Institute_of_Innovation_and_Technology" title="European Institute of Innovation and Technology">European Institute of Innovation and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Public_Prosecutor%27s_Office" title="European Public Prosecutor's Office">European Public Prosecutor's Office</a></li></ul></li> <li>Corporate bodies of the EU <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Data_Protection_Board" title="European Data Protection Board">European Data Protection Board</a></li> <li>Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations</li></ul></li> <li>Joint undertakings <ul><li>of the EU</li> <li>of the Euratom</li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Other independent bodies</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Data_Protection_Supervisor" title="European Data Protection Supervisor">European Data Protection Supervisor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Ombudsman" title="European Ombudsman">European Ombudsman</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Advisory_bodies_to_the_European_Union" title="Advisory bodies to the European Union">Advisory bodies</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Committee_of_the_Regions" title="European Committee of the Regions">European Committee of the Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_and_Social_Committee" title="European Economic and Social Committee">European Economic and Social Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_and_Security_Committee" title="Political and Security Committee">Political and Security Committee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Military_Committee" title="European Union Military Committee">European Union Military Committee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Space_Programme#EU/ESA_Space_Council" title="European Union Space Programme">EU/ESA Space Council</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Inter-institutional bodies</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Publications_Office_of_the_European_Union" title="Publications Office of the European Union">Publications Office of the European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_External_Action_Service" title="European External Action Service">European External Action Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Personnel_Selection_Office" title="European Personnel Selection Office">European Personnel Selection Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Anti-Fraud_Office" title="European Anti-Fraud Office">Anti-Fraud Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Administrative_School" class="mw-redirect" title="European Administrative School">European Administrative School</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/European_Atomic_Energy_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="European Atomic Energy Community">Euratom</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Euratom members</div> <div><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /> <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul></div> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Associated states</div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_the_European_Union" title="Nuclear power in the European Union">Nuclear power in the European Union</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-center mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Euratom.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Euratom since 1 January 2021"><img alt="Euratom since 1 January 2021" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Euratom.svg/200px-Euratom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Euratom.svg/300px-Euratom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Euratom.svg/400px-Euratom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="1300" /></a><figcaption>Euratom since 1 January 2021</figcaption></figure></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Monetary_Union_of_the_European_Union" title="Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union">Economic and Monetary Union</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone">Eurozone members</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg"><img alt="Luxembourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta"><img alt="Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Eurogroup" title="Eurogroup">Eurogroup</a></div> <ul><li>President <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Paschal_Donohoe" title="Paschal Donohoe">Paschal Donohoe</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Currencies_of_the_European_Union" title="Currencies of the European Union">Other currencies in use</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_lev" title="Bulgarian lev">Bulgarian lev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Czech_koruna" title="Czech koruna">Czech koruna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Danish_krone" title="Danish krone">Danish krone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_forint" title="Hungarian forint">Hungarian forint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Polish_z%C5%82oty" title="Polish złoty">Polish złoty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Romanian_leu" title="Romanian leu">Romanian leu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Swedish_krona" title="Swedish krona">Swedish krona</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Exchange_Rate_Mechanism" title="European Exchange Rate Mechanism">ERM II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_eurozone" title="Enlargement of the eurozone">Enlargement of the eurozone</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Non Euro countries relationship to Euro</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_and_the_euro" title="Bulgaria and the euro">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic_and_the_euro" title="Czech Republic and the euro">Czechia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark_and_the_euro" title="Denmark and the euro">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary_and_the_euro" title="Hungary and the euro">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland_and_the_euro" title="Poland and the euro">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden_and_the_euro" title="Sweden and the euro">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_and_the_euro" title="Romania and the euro">Romania</a></li></ul> </div> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-center mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eurozone.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Eurozone since 2015"><img alt="Eurozone since 2015" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Eurozone.svg/200px-Eurozone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Eurozone.svg/300px-Eurozone.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Eurozone.svg/400px-Eurozone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="456" /></a><figcaption>Eurozone since 2015</figcaption></figure></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /> <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Non-EU members</div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/46px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /> <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%BCm_Convention" title="Prüm Convention">Prüm Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schengen_Information_System" title="Schengen Information System">Schengen Information System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_Information_System" title="Visa Information System">Visa Information System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_the_Schengen_Area" title="Visa policy of the Schengen Area">Visa policy of the Schengen Area</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Non-Schengen area EU member states</div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a> (Opt-out)</li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-center mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Schengen_Area.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Schengen Area from January 2023"><img alt="Schengen Area from January 2023" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Map_of_the_Schengen_Area.svg/200px-Map_of_the_Schengen_Area.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Map_of_the_Schengen_Area.svg/300px-Map_of_the_Schengen_Area.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Map_of_the_Schengen_Area.svg/400px-Map_of_the_Schengen_Area.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="1300" /></a><figcaption>Schengen Area from January 2023</figcaption></figure></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Area" title="European Economic Area">European Economic Area</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">EEA members</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> (provisional member)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg"><img alt="Luxembourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta"><img alt="Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Non-EU members</div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/46px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /> <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Topics</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EEA_Joint_Committee" title="EEA Joint Committee">EEA Joint Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_identity_cards_in_the_European_Economic_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="National identity cards in the European Economic Area">EEA National Identity cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microstates_and_the_European_Union" title="Microstates and the European Union">Microstates and the European Union</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-center mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EEA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="European Economic Area"><img alt="European Economic Area" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/EEA.svg/200px-EEA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/EEA.svg/300px-EEA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/EEA.svg/400px-EEA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption>European Economic Area</figcaption></figure></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_to_the_European_Parliament" title="Elections to the European Parliament">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_to_the_European_Parliament" title="Elections to the European Parliament">Elections to the European Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_political_party" title="European political party">European parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_political_foundation" title="European political foundation">European foundations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_groups_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Political groups of the European Parliament">Political groups of the European Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spitzenkandidat" title="Spitzenkandidat">Spitzenkandidat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament_constituency" title="European Parliament constituency">Constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apportionment_in_the_European_Parliament" title="Apportionment in the European Parliament">Apportionment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_related_to_the_European_Union" title="Referendums related to the European Union">Referendums related to the EU</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">European elections</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election" title="1979 European Parliament election">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election" title="1984 European Parliament election">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election" title="1989 European Parliament election">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election" title="1994 European Parliament election">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election" title="1999 European Parliament election">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election" title="2004 European Parliament election">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election" title="2009 European Parliament election">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election" title="2014 European Parliament election">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election" title="2019 European Parliament election">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election" title="2024 European Parliament election">2024 (latest election)</a></li></ul> </div> </div> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Elections in EU member states</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Austria" title="Elections in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Belgium" title="Elections in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Bulgaria" title="Elections in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Croatia" title="Elections in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Cyprus" title="Elections in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Elections in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Denmark" title="Elections in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Estonia" title="Elections in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Finland" title="Elections in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_France" title="Elections in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Germany" title="Elections in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Greece" title="Elections in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Hungary" title="Elections in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Elections in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Italy" title="Elections in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Latvia" title="Elections in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Lithuania" title="Elections in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg"><img alt="Luxembourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Luxembourg" title="Elections in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta"><img alt="Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Malta" title="Elections in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Netherlands" title="Elections in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Poland" title="Elections in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Portugal" title="Elections in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Romania" title="Elections in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Slovakia" title="Elections in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Slovenia" title="Elections in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Spain" title="Elections in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Sweden" title="Elections in Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/European_Union_law" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union law">Law</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acquis_communautaire" title="Acquis communautaire">Acquis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primacy_of_European_Union_law" title="Primacy of European Union law">Primacy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Costa_v_ENEL" title="Costa v ENEL">ECJ Case 6/64</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsidiarity_(European_Union)" title="Subsidiarity (European Union)">Subsidiarity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulation_(European_Union)" title="Regulation (European Union)">Regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directive_(European_Union)" title="Directive (European Union)">Directive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decision_(European_Union)" title="Decision (European Union)">Decision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recommendation_(European_Union)" title="Recommendation (European Union)">Recommendation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charter_of_Fundamental_Rights_of_the_European_Union" title="Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union">Fundamental Rights</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Policies and issues</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Budget_of_the_European_Union" title="Budget of the European Union">Budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Customs_Union" title="European Union Customs Union">Customs Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_free_trade_agreements" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union free trade agreements">Free Trade Agreements</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Single_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="European Single Market">European Single Market</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Area_of_freedom,_security_and_justice" title="Area of freedom, security and justice">Area of FS&J</a></li></ul></li> <li>Policies <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_Agricultural_Policy" title="Common Agricultural Policy">Agricultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_European_Union" title="Energy policy of the European Union">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Fisheries_Policy" title="Common Fisheries Policy">Fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_policy_of_the_European_Union" title="Regional policy of the European Union">Regional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizenship_of_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Citizenship of the European Union">Citizenship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Passports_of_the_European_Union" title="Passports of the European Union">Passports of the European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-European_identity" title="Pan-European identity">Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-Europeanism" title="Pro-Europeanism">Pro-Europeanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euroscepticism" title="Euroscepticism">Euroscepticism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_banking_union" title="European banking union">European banking union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Banking_Supervision" title="European Banking Supervision">European Banking Supervision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_Resolution_Mechanism" title="Single Resolution Mechanism">Single Resolution Mechanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_Markets_Union" title="Capital Markets Union">Capital Markets Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_System_of_Financial_Supervision" title="European System of Financial Supervision">European System of Financial Supervision</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_integration" title="European integration">Integration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supranational_union" title="Supranational union">Supranationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="European Federation">European Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-speed_Europe" title="Multi-speed Europe">Multi-speed Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_cooperation" title="Enhanced cooperation">Enhanced cooperation</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_European_Union" title="Foreign relations of the European Union">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/High_Representative_of_the_Union_for_Foreign_Affairs_and_Security_Policy" title="High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy">High Representative</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josep_Borrell" title="Josep Borrell">Josep Borrell</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_External_Action_Service" title="European External Action Service">Ext. Action Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Foreign_and_Security_Policy" title="Common Foreign and Security Policy">Foreign Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy" title="Common Security and Defence Policy">Defence Policy</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Foreign relations of EU member states</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Austria" title="Foreign relations of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Belgium" title="Foreign relations of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Bulgaria" title="Foreign relations of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Croatia" title="Foreign relations of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Cyprus" title="Foreign relations of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Foreign relations of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Denmark" title="Foreign relations of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Estonia" title="Foreign relations of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Finland" title="Foreign relations of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_France" title="Foreign relations of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Germany" title="Foreign relations of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Greece" title="Foreign relations of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Hungary" title="Foreign relations of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Ireland" title="Foreign relations of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Italy" title="Foreign relations of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Latvia" title="Foreign relations of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Lithuania" title="Foreign relations of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg"><img alt="Luxembourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Luxembourg" title="Foreign relations of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta"><img alt="Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Malta" title="Foreign relations of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Netherlands" title="Foreign relations of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Poland" title="Foreign relations of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Portugal" title="Foreign relations of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Romania" title="Foreign relations of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Slovakia" title="Foreign relations of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Slovenia" title="Foreign relations of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Spain" title="Foreign relations of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Sweden" title="Foreign relations of Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Argentina–European Union relations">Argentina–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Armenia–European Union relations">Armenia–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Australia–European Union relations">Australia–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Brazil–European Union relations">Brazil–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Canada–European Union relations">Canada–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="China–European Union relations">China–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="European Union–NATO relations">European Union–NATO relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Georgia–European Union relations">Georgia–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Iceland–European Union relations">Iceland–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Kazakhstan–European Union relations">Kazakhstan–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Japan–European Union relations">Japan–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Mexico–European Union relations">Mexico–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Moldova–European Union relations">Moldova–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Norway–European Union relations">Norway–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Russia–European Union relations">Russia–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Switzerland–European Union relations">Switzerland–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="European Union–Turkey relations">Turkey–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Ukraine–European Union relations">Ukraine–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="United Kingdom–European Union relations">United Kingdom–European Union relations</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_membership_of_the_European_Union" title="United Kingdom membership of the European Union">History</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-Brexit_United_Kingdom_relations_with_the_European_Union" title="Post-Brexit United Kingdom relations with the European Union">Post-Brexit United Kingdom relations with the European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">Brexit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="United States–European Union relations">United States–European Union relations</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_Travel_Area" title="Common Travel Area">Common Travel Area</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microstates_and_the_European_Union" title="Microstates and the European Union">Microstates and the European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_and_the_United_Nations" title="European Union and the United Nations">European Union and the United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Association_Agreement" title="European Union Association Agreement">European Union Association Agreement</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_Seven" class="mw-redirect" title="Group of Seven">G7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">G20</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Defunct bodies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Communities" title="European Communities">European Communities</a> (1958–1993) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/European_Coal_and_Steel_Community" title="European Coal and Steel Community">European Coal and Steel Community</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">European Economic Community</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="European Community">European Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_European_Union" title="Western European Union">Western European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Future_of_Europe" title="Convention on the Future of Europe">Convention on the Future of Europe</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/32px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/48px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/64px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:European_Union" title="Portal:European Union">European Union portal</a> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_the_European_Union" title="Template:Politics of the European Union"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_the_European_Union" title="Template talk:Politics of the European Union"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_the_European_Union" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of the European Union"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The Parliament and Council have been compared to the two <a href="/wiki/Chambers_of_parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Chambers of parliament">chambers</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Bicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicameral">bicameral</a> legislature.<a href="#cite_note-66">[57]</a> However, there are some differences from <a href="/wiki/National_parliaments_of_the_European_Union" title="National parliaments of the European Union">national legislatures</a>; for example, neither the Parliament nor the Council have the power of <a href="/wiki/Legislative_initiative" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative initiative">legislative initiative</a> (except for the fact that the Council has the power in some <a href="/wiki/Intergovernmentalism#A_theory_of_regional_integration" title="Intergovernmentalism">intergovernmental</a> matters). In <a href="/wiki/European_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="European Community">Community matters</a>, this is a power uniquely reserved for the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> (the executive). Therefore, while Parliament can amend and reject legislation, to make a proposal for legislation, it needs the Commission to draft a <a href="/wiki/Bill_(proposed_law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill (proposed law)">bill</a> before anything can become law.<a href="#cite_note-67">[58]</a> The value of a right of initiative has anyway been questioned by noting that in the national legislatures of the member states 85% of initiatives introduced without executive support fail to become law.<a href="#cite_note-Kreppel-68">[59]</a> Yet it has been argued by former Parliament president <a href="/wiki/Hans-Gert_P%C3%B6ttering" title="Hans-Gert Pöttering">Hans-Gert Pöttering</a> that as the Parliament does have the right to ask the Commission to draft such legislation, and as the Commission is following Parliament's proposals more and more Parliament does have a de facto right of legislative initiative.<a href="#cite_note-Pot_initiative-19">[10]</a> The Parliament also has a great deal of indirect influence, through <a href="/wiki/European_Union_law#Legislation" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union law">non-binding resolutions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Committees_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Committees of the European Parliament">committee hearings</a>, as a "pan-European <a href="/wiki/Soapbox" title="Soapbox">soapbox</a>" with the ear of <a href="/wiki/Brussels_and_the_European_Union#Lobbyists_and_journalists" title="Brussels and the European Union">thousands of Brussels-based journalists</a>. There is also an indirect effect on <a href="/wiki/Common_Foreign_and_Security_Policy" title="Common Foreign and Security Policy">foreign policy</a>; the Parliament must approve all development grants, including those overseas. For example, the support for <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">post-war Iraq</a> reconstruction, or incentives for the cessation of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_program_of_Iran" title="Nuclear program of Iran">Iranian nuclear development</a>, must be supported by the Parliament. Parliamentary support was also required for the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">transatlantic</a> passenger data-sharing deal with the United States.<a href="#cite_note-Rockwell-69">[60]</a> Finally, Parliament holds a non-binding vote on new EU treaties but cannot veto it. However, when Parliament threatened to vote down the Nice Treaty, the <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Federal_Parliament" title="Belgian Federal Parliament">Belgian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Italy">Italian Parliaments</a> said that if it did so, they would veto the treaty on the European Parliament's behalf.<a href="#cite_note-70">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislative_procedure">Legislative procedure</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Parliament&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Legislative procedure">edit</a>]</div> With each new treaty, the powers of the Parliament, in terms of its role in the <a href="/wiki/Ordinary_legislative_procedure" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordinary legislative procedure">Union's legislative procedures</a>, have expanded. The procedure which has slowly become dominant is the "<a href="/wiki/Ordinary_legislative_procedure" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordinary legislative procedure">ordinary legislative procedure</a>" (previously named "codecision procedure"), which provides an equal footing between Parliament and Council. In particular, under the procedure, the Commission presents a proposal to Parliament and the Council which can only become law if both agree on a text, which they do (or not) through successive readings up to a maximum of three. In its first reading, Parliament may send amendments to the Council which can either adopt the text with those amendments or send back a "common position". That position may either be approved by Parliament, or it may reject the text by an <a href="/wiki/Majority" title="Majority">absolute majority</a>, causing it to fail, or it may adopt further amendments, also by an absolute majority. If the Council does not approve these, then a "<a href="/wiki/Conciliation_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Conciliation Committee">Conciliation Committee</a>" is formed. The committee is composed of the Council members plus an equal number of MEPs who seek to agree a compromise. Once a position is agreed, it has to be approved by Parliament, by a simple majority.<a href="#cite_note-Parliament's_powers-18">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-decision_making-71">[62]</a> This is also aided by Parliament's mandate as the only directly democratic institution, which has given it leeway to have greater control over legislation than other institutions, for example over its changes to the <a href="/wiki/Bolkestein_directive" title="Bolkestein directive">Bolkestein directive</a> in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-FT_CIO-49">[40]</a> In practice, most legislation is adopted at the first reading stage after the Parliament and the Council, having set out their initial positions, then negotiate a compromise text.<a href="#cite_note-72">[63]</a> These negotiations take place in so-called "trilogue" meetings, in which the Commission is also present. In a few areas, special legislative procedures apply. These include justice and home affairs, budget and taxation, and certain aspects of other policy areas, such as the fiscal aspects of environmental policy. In these areas, the Council or Parliament decide law alone after consulting the other (or with its consent).<a href="#cite_note-lisbon_explain-73">[64]</a> There are different types of <a href="/wiki/European_Union_law#Legislation" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union law">European Union law#Legislation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Parliament's_powers-18">[9]</a> The strongest act is a <a href="/wiki/Regulation_(European_Union)" title="Regulation (European Union)">regulation</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Act of Parliament">act</a> or <a href="/wiki/Statutory_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Statutory law">law</a> which is directly applicable in its entirety. Then there are <a href="/wiki/Directive_(European_Union)" title="Directive (European Union)">directives</a> which bind member states to certain goals which they must achieve. They do this through their own laws and hence have room to manoeuvre in deciding upon them. A <a href="/wiki/European_Union_decision" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union decision">decision</a> is an instrument which is applicable to a particular person or group. Institutions may also issue <a href="/wiki/European_Union_recommendation" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union recommendation">recommendations and opinions</a> which are merely non-binding, declarations.<a href="#cite_note-74">[65]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Budget">Budget</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Parliament&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Budget">edit</a>]</div> The Parliament and the Council are also the Union's budgetary authority since the <a href="/wiki/Budgetary_treaties_of_the_European_Communities" title="Budgetary treaties of the European Communities">Budgetary Treaties</a> of the 1970s and the <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Lisbon Treaty">Lisbon Treaty</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Budget_of_the_European_Union" title="Budget of the European Union">EU budget</a> is subject to a form of the ordinary legislative procedure with a single reading giving Parliament power over the entire budget (before 2009, its influence was limited to certain areas) on an equal footing to the Council. If there is a disagreement between them, it is taken to a conciliation committee as it is for legislative proposals. If the joint conciliation text is not approved by the Council, the Parliament may adopt the budget definitively, but only by a three-fifths majority.<a href="#cite_note-lisbon_explain-73">[64]</a> The Parliament is also responsible for discharging the implementation of previous budgets based on the annual report of the <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Auditors" title="European Court of Auditors">European Court of Auditors</a>. It has refused to grant discharge only twice, in 1984 and in 1998. On the latter occasion it led to the resignation of the <a href="/wiki/Santer_Commission" title="Santer Commission">Santer Commission</a>; highlighting how the discharge power gives Parliament a great deal of power over the Commission.<a href="#cite_note-Hoskyns-35">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ringe-46">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-budget_background-75">[66]</a> Parliament also makes extensive use of its budgetary, and other powers, elsewhere; for example in the setting up of the <a href="/wiki/European_External_Action_Service" title="European External Action Service">European External Action Service</a>, Parliament had a de facto veto over its design as it has to approve the budgetary and staff changes.<a href="#cite_note-EEAS-58">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Control_of_the_executive">Control of the executive</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Parliament&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Control of the executive">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Commission" title="President of the European Commission">President of the European Commission</a> is proposed by the European Council on the basis of the European elections to Parliament.<a href="#cite_note-Constitution_info-53">[44]</a> That proposal has to be approved by the Parliament (by a majority of members of the Parliament) who thereby "elect" the President according to the treaties. Following the approval of the Commission President, the members of the Commission are proposed by the President in accord with the member states. Each Commissioner comes before a relevant parliamentary committee hearing covering the proposed portfolio. They are then, as a body, approved or rejected by the Parliament.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-76">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-Commission_Oversight-77">[68]</a> In practice, the Parliament has never voted against a President or his Commission, but the threat to do so has produced concessions to Parliament on the Commission's composition or on policy commitments. As described above, when the Barroso Commission was put forward, the Parliament forced the proposal to be withdrawn and changed to be more acceptable to Parliament.<a href="#cite_note-IHT_Butt-47">[38]</a> That pressure was seen as an important sign by some of the evolving nature of the Parliament and its ability to make the Commission accountable, rather than being a rubber stamp for candidates. Furthermore, in voting on the Commission, MEPs also vote along party lines, rather than national lines, despite frequent pressure from national governments on their MEPs. This cohesion and willingness to use the Parliament's power ensured greater attention from national leaders, other institutions and the public – reversing the previous decline in turnout for the Parliament's elections.<a href="#cite_note-78">[69]</a> The Parliament also has the power to censure the Commission by a two-thirds majority which will force the resignation of the entire Commission from office. As with approval, this power has never been explicitly used, but when faced with such a vote, the <a href="/wiki/Santer_Commission" title="Santer Commission">Santer Commission</a> then <a href="/wiki/Santer_Commission#Resignation" title="Santer Commission">resigned of their own accord</a>. There are other control instruments, such as: the requirement of Commission to submit reports to the Parliament and answer written and oral questions from MEPs; the requirement of the President-in-office of the Council to present its programme at the start of their <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Presidency of the Council of the European Union">presidency</a>; the obligation on the President of the <a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a> to report to Parliament after each of its meetings; the right of MEPs to make requests for legislation and policy to the Commission; and the right to question members of those institutions (e.g. "Commission <a href="/wiki/Question_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Question Time">Question Time</a>" every Tuesday).<a href="#cite_note-Commission_Appointment-42">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-Commission_Oversight-77">[68]</a> Regarding written and oral questions, MEPs voted in July 2008 to limit questions to those within the EU's mandate and ban offensive or personal questions.<a href="#cite_note-EUO_rise-79">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Supervisory_and_scrutiny_powers">Supervisory and scrutiny powers</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Parliament&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Supervisory and scrutiny powers">edit</a>]</div> The Parliament also has other powers of general supervision, mainly granted by the <a href="/wiki/Maastricht_Treaty" title="Maastricht Treaty">Maastricht Treaty</a>.<a href="#cite_note-80">[71]</a> The Parliament has the power to set up a Committee of Inquiry, for example over mad cow disease or CIA detention flights – the former led to the creation of the <a href="/wiki/European_Medicines_Agency" title="European Medicines Agency">European veterinary agency</a>. The Parliament can call other institutions to answer questions and if necessary to take them to <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Justice_of_the_European_Communities" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of Justice of the European Communities">court</a> if they break EU law or treaties.<a href="#cite_note-supervisory-81">[72]</a> Furthermore, it has powers over the appointment of the members of the Court of Auditors<a href="#cite_note-82">[73]</a> and the president and executive board of the <a href="/wiki/European_Central_Bank" title="European Central Bank">European Central Bank</a>. The <a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_European_Central_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the European Central Bank">ECB president</a> is also obliged to present an annual report to the parliament.<a href="#cite_note-supervisory-81">[72]</a> The <a href="/wiki/European_Ombudsman" title="European Ombudsman">European Ombudsman</a> is elected by the Parliament to deal with public complaints about maladministration (administrative irregularities, unfairness, discrimination, abuse of power, failure to reply, refusal of information or unnecessary delay) by any EU institution or body.<a href="#cite_note-supervisory-81">[72]</a> Petitions can be brought to the Parliament by any EU citizen on a matter within the EU's sphere of activities. The Parliament's <a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Petitions" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee on Petitions">Committee on Petitions</a> hears cases, some 1500 each year, sometimes presented by the citizen themselves at the Parliament. While the Parliament attempts to resolve the issue as a mediator they do resort to legal proceedings if it is necessary to resolve the citizens dispute.<a href="#cite_note-petitions-83">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Members">Members</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Parliament&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Members">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" style="float: right; margin: 0 1em 0.5em; clear:right"> <caption>National apportionment of MEP seats (total 720) </caption> <tbody><tr> <td> <table style="font-size: 90%; width: 290px;" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td> <td><div style="width: 48px; height: 4px; background: #555555;"></div></td> <td>96 (13.33%) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><div style="width: 41px; height: 4px; background: #555555;"></div></td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;">81 (11.25%) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><div style="width: 38px; height: 4px; background: #555555;"></div></td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;">76 (10.56%) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><div style="width: 31px; height: 4px; background: #555555;"></div></td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;">61 (8.47%) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><div style="width: 26px; height: 4px; background: #555555;"></div></td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;">53 (7.36%) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><div style="width: 17px; height: 4px; background: #555555;"></div></td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;">33 (4.58%) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><div style="width: 16px; height: 4px; background: #555555;"></div></td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;">31 (4.31%) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><div style="width: 13px; height: 4px; background: #555555;"></div></td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;">22 (3.06%) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><div style="width: 12px; height: 4px; background: #555555;"></div></td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;">21 (2.92%) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><div style="width: 12px; height: 4px; background: #555555;"></div></td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;">21 (2.92%) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><div style="width: 12px; height: 4px; background: #555555;"></div></td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;">21 (2.92%) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><div style="width: 12px; height: 4px; background: #555555;"></div></td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;">21 (2.92%) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><div style="width: 12px; height: 4px; background: #555555;"></div></td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;">21 (2.92%) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><div style="width: 11px; height: 4px; background: #555555;"></div></td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;">20 (2.78%) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><div style="width: 10px; height: 4px; background: #555555;"></div></td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;">17 (2.36%) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><div style="width: 9px; height: 4px; background: #555555;"></div></td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;">15 (1.99%) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><div style="width: 9px; height: 4px; background: #555555;"></div></td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;">15 (2.08%) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><div style="width: 9px; height: 4px; background: #555555;"></div></td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;">15 (2.08%) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><div style="width: 8px; height: 4px; background: #555555;"></div></td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;">14 (1.94%) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><div style="width: 7px; height: 4px; background: #555555;"></div></td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;">12 (1.67%) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><div style="width: 6px; height: 4px; background: #555555;"></div></td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;">11 (1.53%) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><div style="width: 5px; height: 4px; background: #555555;"></div></td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;">9 (1.25%) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><div style="width: 5px; height: 4px; background: #555555;"></div></td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;">9 (1.25%) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /> <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><div style="width: 4px; height: 4px; background: #555555;"></div></td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;">7 (0.97%) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><div style="width: 3px; height: 4px; background: #555555;"></div></td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;">6 (0.83%) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><div style="width: 3px; height: 4px; background: #555555;"></div></td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;">6 (0.83%) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><div style="width: 3px; height: 4px; background: #555555;"></div></td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa;">6 (0.83%) </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_European_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Members of the European Parliament">Members of the European Parliament</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">parliamentarians</a> are known in English as <a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_European_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Members of the European Parliament">Members of the European Parliament</a> (MEPs). They are elected every five years by <a href="/wiki/Universal_suffrage" title="Universal suffrage">universal suffrage</a> and sit according to political allegiance. About 40 percent are women. Before the <a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election" title="1979 European Parliament election">first direct elections, in 1979</a>, they were appointed by their national parliaments.<a href="#cite_note-ENA_composition-31">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-EP_Members-84">[75]</a> The Parliament has been criticized for underrepresentation of minority groups. In 2017, an estimated 17 MEPs were non-white,<a href="#cite_note-85">[76]</a> and of these, three were black, a disproportionately low number.<a href="#cite_note-86">[77]</a> According to activist organization <a href="/wiki/European_Network_Against_Racism" title="European Network Against Racism">European Network Against Racism</a>, while an estimated 10% of Europe is composed of racial and ethnic minorities, only 5% of MEPs were members of such groups following the <a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election" title="2019 European Parliament election">2019 European Parliament election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Psaledakis2020-87">[78]</a> Under the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lisbon" title="Treaty of Lisbon">Lisbon Treaty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apportionment_in_the_European_Parliament" title="Apportionment in the European Parliament">seats are allocated</a> to each state according to population and the maximum number of members is set at 751.<a href="#cite_note-EUO_Lisbon-88">[79]</a> Since 1 February 2020 and the United Kingdom's <a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">leaving the EU</a>, 705 MEPs sit in the European Parliament. It rose to 720 after the 2024 elections. Representation is currently limited to a maximum of 96 seats and a minimum of 6 seats per state and the seats are distributed according to "<a href="/wiki/Degressive_proportionality" title="Degressive proportionality">degressive proportionality</a>", i.e., the larger the state, the more citizens are represented per MEP. As a result, Maltese and Luxembourgish voters have roughly 10x more influence per voter than citizens of the six largest countries. As of 2014<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=European_Parliament&action=edit">[update]</a>, Germany (80.9 million inhabitants) has 96 seats (previously 99 seats), i.e. one seat for 843,000 inhabitants. Malta (0.4 million inhabitants) has 6 seats, i.e. one seat for 70,000 inhabitants. The new system implemented under the Lisbon Treaty, including revising the seating well before elections, was intended to avoid political <a href="/wiki/Horse_trading_(political)" class="mw-redirect" title="Horse trading (political)">horse trading</a> when the allocations have to be revised to reflect demographic changes.<a href="#cite_note-89">[80]</a> Pursuant to this apportionment, the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament_constituency" title="European Parliament constituency">constituencies</a> are formed. In four EU member states (Belgium, Ireland, Italy and Poland), the national territory is divided into a number of constituencies. In the remaining member states, the whole country forms a single constituency. All member states hold elections to the European Parliament using various forms of <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportional representation</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transitional_arrangements">Transitional arrangements</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Parliament&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Transitional arrangements">edit</a>]</div> Due to the delay in ratifying the Lisbon Treaty, the <a href="/wiki/7th_European_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="7th European Parliament">seventh parliament</a> was elected under the lower Nice Treaty cap. A <a href="/wiki/Treaties_of_the_European_Union#Transitional_provisions_protocol" title="Treaties of the European Union">small scale treaty amendment</a> was ratified on 29 November 2011.<a href="#cite_note-90">[81]</a> This amendment brought in transitional provisions to allow the 18 additional MEPs created under the Lisbon Treaty to be elected or appointed before the 2014 election.<a href="#cite_note-91">[82]</a> Under the Lisbon Treaty reforms, Germany was the only state to lose members from 99 to 96. However, these seats were not removed until the 2014 election.<a href="#cite_note-extra_meps-92">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Salaries_and_expenses">Salaries and expenses</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Parliament&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Salaries and expenses">edit</a>]</div> Before 2009, members received the same salary as members of their national parliament. However, from 2009 a new members statute came into force, after years of attempts, which gave all members an equal monthly pay, of €8,484.05 each in 2016, subject to a European Union tax and which can also be taxed nationally. MEPs are entitled to a pension, paid by Parliament, from the age of 63. Members are also entitled to allowances for office costs and subsistence, and travelling expenses, based on actual cost.<a href="#cite_note-93">[84]</a> Besides their pay, members are granted a number of privileges and <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_immunity" title="Diplomatic immunity">immunities</a>. To ensure their free movement to and from the Parliament, they are accorded by their own states the facilities accorded to senior officials travelling abroad and, by other state governments, the status of visiting <a href="/wiki/Diplomat" title="Diplomat">foreign representatives</a>. When in their own state, they have all the immunities accorded to national parliamentarians, and, in other states, they have immunity from <a href="/wiki/Detention_(imprisonment)" title="Detention (imprisonment)">detention</a> and <a href="/wiki/Criminal_procedure" title="Criminal procedure">legal proceedings</a>. They may then only be prosecuted after the European Parliament waives their immunity. However, immunity cannot be claimed when a member is found committing a criminal offence and the Parliament also has the right to strip a member of their immunity.<a href="#cite_note-LEX_Prot-94">[85]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_groups">Political groups</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Parliament&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Political groups">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Political_groups_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Political groups of the European Parliament">Political groups of the European Parliament</a></div> MEPs in Parliament are organised into eight different <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_group" title="Parliamentary group">parliamentary groups</a>; members who do not join a group are known as non-attached members or <a href="/wiki/Non-inscrits" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-inscrits">non-inscrits</a>. The two largest groups are the <a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party_Group" title="European People's Party Group">European People's Party Group</a> (EPP) and the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats" title="Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats">Socialists & Democrats</a> (S&D). These two groups have dominated the Parliament for much of its existence, jointly holding between 50 and 70 percent of the seats until 2019. No single group has ever held an absolute majority in Parliament.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-95">[86]</a> As a result of being broad alliances of national parties, political groups in the European Parliament are decentralised and have more in common with parties in federal states like Germany or the United States than with unitary states, like the majority of the EU member states.<a href="#cite_note-Kreppel-68">[59]</a> Nevertheless, the political groups were actually more cohesive than their US counterparts between 2004 and 2009.<a href="#cite_note-96">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[88]</a> Half of the groups are based on a single <a href="/wiki/European_political_party" title="European political party">European political party</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a>, with the addition of MEPs from national parties not members of a European party and independent MEPs. The others, such as the <a href="/wiki/Greens%E2%80%93European_Free_Alliance" title="Greens–European Free Alliance">Greens–European Free Alliance</a> group or the <a href="/wiki/European_Conservatives_and_Reformists_Group" title="European Conservatives and Reformists Group">European Conservatives and Reformists Group</a>, center on two European parties, as well as other national parties and independents.<a href="#cite_note-98">[89]</a> Groups need 23 MEPs from seven different member states to register. Following registration, groups receive public funding from the budget of the European Parliament.<a href="#cite_note-99">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coalitions">Coalitions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Parliament&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Coalitions">edit</a>]</div> Given that the Parliament does not form the government in the traditional sense of many parliamentary systems, majorities are built issue by issue. Generally, this is along broadly <a href="/wiki/Consensus_democracy" title="Consensus democracy">consensual</a> lines with dynamic coalitions<a href="#cite_note-100">[91]</a> rather than <a href="/wiki/Majority_rule" title="Majority rule">majority rule</a> of competing parties and coalitions. These coalitions usually involve the <a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a> and the Socialist and Democrat Group of the <a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">Party of European Socialists</a> who tend to co-operate to find compromises between them and then bring in others. Their relationship has been described as a <a href="/wiki/Grand_coalition" title="Grand coalition">grand coalition</a>.<a href="#cite_note-101">[92]</a> However, this does not always produce agreement, and each may instead try to build other alliances, the EPP normally with other centre-right or right wing Groups and the PES with centre-left or left wing groups. Sometimes, the Liberal (Renew Europe) Group is then in the pivotal position. There are also occasions where very sharp party political divisions have emerged, for example over the <a href="/wiki/Santer_Commission#Budget_controversy" title="Santer Commission">resignation of the Santer Commission</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ringe-46">[37]</a> When the initial allegations against the Commission emerged, they were directed primarily against <a href="/wiki/%C3%89dith_Cresson" title="Édith Cresson">Édith Cresson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Mar%C3%ADn" title="Manuel Marín">Manuel Marín</a>, both socialist members. When the parliament was considering refusing to discharge the <a href="/wiki/Budget_of_the_European_Union" title="Budget of the European Union">Community budget</a>, President <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Santer" title="Jacques Santer">Jacques Santer</a> stated that a no vote would be tantamount to a <a href="/wiki/Vote_of_no_confidence" class="mw-redirect" title="Vote of no confidence">vote of no confidence</a>. The Socialist Group initially supported the Commission and saw the issue as an attempt by the EPP to discredit their party ahead of the 1999 elections. Socialist leader, <a href="/wiki/Pauline_Green" title="Pauline Green">Pauline Green</a> MEP, attempted a vote of confidence and the EPP put forward counter motions. During this period the two parties took on similar roles to a government-<a href="/wiki/Opposition_(parliamentary)" class="mw-redirect" title="Opposition (parliamentary)">opposition</a> dynamic, with the Socialists supporting the executive and EPP renouncing its previous coalition support and voting it down.<a href="#cite_note-Ringe-46">[37]</a> Politicisation such as this has been increasing, in 2007 Simon Hix of the <a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics</a> noted that:<a href="#cite_note-Farrell_Powerful-27">[18]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Our work also shows that politics in the European Parliament is becoming increasingly based around party and ideology. Voting is increasingly split along left-right lines, and the cohesion of the party groups has risen dramatically, particularly in the fourth and fifth parliaments. So there are likely to be policy implications here too.</blockquote> During the fifth term, 1999 to 2004, there was a break in the grand coalition resulting in a centre-right coalition between the Liberal and People's parties.<a href="#cite_note-Watson_interview-102">[93]</a> This was reflected in the Presidency of the Parliament with the terms being shared between the EPP and the Liberals (then called ELDR), rather than the EPP and Socialists.<a href="#cite_note-103">[94]</a> In the following term the liberal group grew to hold 88 seats, the largest number of seats held by any third party in Parliament.<a href="#cite_note-ALDE_formed-104">[95]</a> The EPP-S&D coalition lost their majority after the <a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election" title="2019 European Parliament election">2019 European Parliament election</a>,<a href="#cite_note-105">[96]</a> requiring support by at least one other political group for a majority, most frequently the liberal Renew Group or the Greens. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elections">Elections</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Parliament&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Elections">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Elections_to_the_European_Parliament" title="Elections to the European Parliament">Elections to the European Parliament</a></div> <table align="right" border="0" style="background:none"> <tbody><tr> <td><div class="thumbinner" style="width:620px"> <table style="background: transparent; border: 0; padding: 0; margin: 0; width:620px" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:620px; background:white; height:200px; padding: 0; margin: 0;" class="thumbimage"><div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_pben1kxghgml6ngbzxzp8cjc2tp8jst"></map><img usemap="#timeline_pben1kxghgml6ngbzxzp8cjc2tp8jst" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/pben1kxghgml6ngbzxzp8cjc2tp8jst.png" /></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="padding: 0; margin: 0; border: 0;"><div class="thumbcaption">The composition of the European Parliament with regard to percentage share of deputies for each political group, 1979 to 2024. Left to right:<a href="#cite_note-106">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[98]</a> <table style="background:none; width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:top;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/European_United_Left%E2%80%93Nordic_Green_Left" class="mw-redirect" title="European United Left–Nordic Green Left">Left-wing</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats" title="Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats">Social democrats</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/European_Greens%E2%80%93European_Free_Alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="European Greens–European Free Alliance">Greens and regionalists</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Renew_Europe" title="Renew Europe">Liberals and centrists</a></div> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party_Group" title="European People's Party Group">Christian democrats and conservatives</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Europe_of_Freedom_and_Direct_Democracy" title="Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy">Eurosceptics</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/European_Conservatives_and_Reformists_Group" title="European Conservatives and Reformists Group">Eurosceptic conservatives</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Political_groups_of_the_European_Parliament#Right-wing_nationalists" title="Political groups of the European Parliament">Right-wing nationalists</a></div> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Technical_Group_of_Independents_(1999%E2%80%932001)" title="Technical Group of Independents (1999–2001)">Heterogeneous</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Non-Inscrits" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Inscrits">Non-Inscrits</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float:right;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:EP_election_results_graph_(percentage)" title="Template:EP election results graph (percentage)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:EP_election_results_graph_(percentage)" title="Template talk:EP election results graph (percentage)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:EP_election_results_graph_(percentage)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:EP election results graph (percentage)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> Elections have taken place, directly in every member state, every five years since 1979. As of 2019<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=European_Parliament&action=edit">[update]</a> there have been nine elections. When a nation joins mid-term, a by-election will be held to elect their representatives. This has happened six times, most recently when Croatia joined in 2013. Elections take place on over a four-day period from a Thursday to a Sunday (each Member State votes on the day of its choice). Member States choose their electoral system within common guidelines, notably that the suffrage must be universal and that seats are allocated by <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportional</a>. This includes determining constituencies: while most Member States have a national constituencies, some divide their allocation between regions. Seats are <a href="/wiki/Apportionment_in_the_European_Parliament" title="Apportionment in the European Parliament">allocated to member states</a> according to their population, since 2014 with no state having more than 96, but no fewer than 6, to maintain proportionality.<a href="#cite_note-108">[99]</a> The most recent Union-wide elections to the European Parliament were the <a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election" title="2019 European Parliament election">European elections of 2019</a>, held from 23 to 26 May 2019. They were the largest simultaneous transnational elections ever held anywhere in the world. The first session of the ninth parliament started 2 July 2019.<a href="#cite_note-109">[100]</a> <a href="/wiki/European_political_parties" class="mw-redirect" title="European political parties">European political parties</a> have the exclusive right to campaign during the European elections (as opposed to their corresponding EP groups).<a href="#cite_note-110">[101]</a> There have been a number of proposals designed to attract greater public attention to the elections. One such innovation in the 2014 elections was that the <a href="/wiki/European_political_party" title="European political party">pan-European political parties</a> announced, ahead of the elections, their candidates for <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Commission" title="President of the European Commission">president</a> of the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">Commission</a>, the so-called Spitzenkandidaten (German, "leading candidates" or "top candidates"). The President of the European Commission is nominated by the European Council, representing the governments of the member states, and while there is no obligation for them to nominate the successful "candidate", the Lisbon Treaty states that they should take account of the results of the elections when choosing whom to nominate, and the candidate they propose must be endorsed by a majority of members of the European Parliament.<a href="#cite_note-111">[102]</a> The Spitzenkandidaten in 2014 were <a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Juncker" title="Jean-Claude Juncker">Jean-Claude Juncker</a> for the <a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a>,<a href="#cite_note-112">[103]</a> <a href="/wiki/Martin_Schulz" title="Martin Schulz">Martin Schulz</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">Party of European Socialists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guy_Verhofstadt" title="Guy Verhofstadt">Guy Verhofstadt</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party">Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ska_Keller" title="Ska Keller">Ska Keller</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Bov%C3%A9" title="José Bové">José Bové</a> jointly for the <a href="/wiki/European_Green_Party" title="European Green Party">European Green Party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alexis_Tsipras" title="Alexis Tsipras">Alexis Tsipras</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Party_of_the_European_Left" title="Party of the European Left">Party of the European Left</a>. The EPP won the most seats and Jean-Claude Juncker was nominated by the European Council and elected by the Parliament. In 2019, the parties again announced their candidates for President of the Commission ahead of the European elections, notably <a href="/wiki/Manfred_Weber" title="Manfred Weber">Manfred Weber</a> for the EPP and <a href="/wiki/Frans_Timmermans" title="Frans Timmermans">Frans Timmermans</a> for the Party of European Socialists. However, after the election, there was no agreement among the parties after the election to back any of them. After a period of deadlock, the European Council proposed <a href="/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen" title="Ursula von der Leyen">Ursula von der Leyen</a> as a compromise and Parliament elected her, albeit by a narrow majority. In 2024, the EPP decided to back Von der Leyen for a second term of office and put her forward as their "Spitzenkandidat" while the PES put forward <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Schmit" title="Nicolas Schmit">Nicolas Schmit</a>. Until 2014, turnout dropped consistently in every election since the first election, and from 1999 until 2014 was below 50%. In 2007 both <a href="/wiki/2007_European_Parliament_election" title="2007 European Parliament election">Bulgaria and Romania elected their MEPs</a> in by-elections, having joined at the beginning of 2007. The Bulgarian and Romanian elections saw two of the lowest turnouts for European elections, just 28.6%<a href="#cite_note-113">[104]</a> and 28.3% respectively.<a href="#cite_note-114">[105]</a> This trend was interrupted in the 2019 election, when turnout increased by 8% EU-wide, rising to 50.6%, the highest since 1994. In England, Scotland and Wales, EP elections were originally held for a constituency MEP on a first-past-the-post basis. In 1999 the system was changed to a form of <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportional representation</a> where parties put up a team of candidates in regional constituencies.<a href="#cite_note-115">[106]</a> One could vote for a party's list of candidates, but not for an individual candidate (unless that party had a single candidate). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Proceedings">Proceedings</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Parliament&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Proceedings">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CantinesEUbrussel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/CantinesEUbrussel.jpg/220px-CantinesEUbrussel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/CantinesEUbrussel.jpg/330px-CantinesEUbrussel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/CantinesEUbrussel.jpg/440px-CantinesEUbrussel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3265" data-file-height="2409" /></a><figcaption>These "relocation boxes" of the European Parliament, called "cantines", are ready to be transported between <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>. The EP moves back and forth to meet the EU treaty obligation to hold plenary sessions in Strasbourg.</figcaption></figure> Formally, the European Parliament has an annual "session", divided into monthly "part-sessions" and daily "sittings". In practice, this entails a monthly cycle with two committee weeks where matters are discussed in committees, political group weeks for members to discuss work within their political groups, and session weeks where members spend <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>3+1⁄2 days in <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a> for part-sessions. In addition six 2-day part sessions are organised in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> throughout the year. Four weeks a year are allocated as constituency week to allow members to do exclusively constituency work, which they otherwise have to do at weekends. Finally there are no meetings planned during the summer weeks.<a href="#cite_note-116">[107]</a> The Parliament has the power to meet without being convened by another authority. Its meetings are partly set out by the treaties but are otherwise up to Parliament according to its own "Rules of Procedure" (the regulations governing the parliament).<a href="#cite_note-rules-117">[108]</a> During sittings, members may speak after being called on by the President. Members of the Council or Commission may also attend and speak in debates.<a href="#cite_note-118">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[110]</a> Partly due to the need for interpretation, and the politics of consensus in the chamber, debates tend to be calmer and more polite than, say, the <a href="/wiki/Westminster_system" title="Westminster system">Westminster system</a>.<a href="#cite_note-120">[111]</a> Voting is conducted primarily by a show of hands, that may be checked on request by electronic voting.<a href="#cite_note-121">[112]</a> Votes of MEPs are not recorded in either case, however; that only occurs when there is a roll-call ballot. This is required for the final votes on legislation and also whenever a political group or 30 MEPs request it. The number of roll-call votes has increased with time. Votes can also be a completely secret ballot (for example, when the president is elected).<a href="#cite_note-122">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[114]</a> All recorded votes, along with minutes and legislation, are recorded in the <a href="/wiki/Official_Journal_of_the_European_Union" title="Official Journal of the European Union">Official Journal of the European Union</a> and can be accessed online.<a href="#cite_note-124">[115]</a> Votes usually do not follow a debate, but rather they are grouped with other due votes on specific occasions, usually at noon on Tuesdays, Wednesdays or Thursdays. This is because the length of the vote is unpredictable and if it continues for longer than allocated it can disrupt other debates and meetings later in the day.<a href="#cite_note-Corbett_174-125">[116]</a> Members sit in a <a href="/wiki/Hemicycle_(chamber)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemicycle (chamber)">hemicycle</a> according to their political groups (in the Common Assembly, prior to 1958, members sat alphabetically<a href="#cite_note-Corbett_167-126">[117]</a>) who are ordered mainly by left to right. All desks are equipped with microphones, headphones for listening to interpretaion, and electronic voting equipment. The leaders of the Groups sit on the front benches, and in the very centre is a podium for guest speakers. The remaining half of the circular chamber is primarily composed of the raised area where the President and staff sit. Further benches are provided between the sides of this area and the MEPs, these are taken up by the Council on the far left and the Commission on the far right. Both the Brussels and Strasbourg hemicycle roughly follow this layout with only minor differences.<a href="#cite_note-127">[118]</a> The hemicycle design is a compromise between the different Parliamentary systems. The British-based system has the different groups directly facing each other while the French-based system is a semicircle (and the traditional German system had all members in rows facing a rostrum for speeches). Although the design is mainly based on a semicircle, the opposite ends of the spectrum do still face each other.<a href="#cite_note-Corbett_167-126">[117]</a> Access to the chamber limited, entrance is controlled by ushers who also aid MEPs in the chamber (for example in delivering documents). The ushers can also occasionally act as a form of police in enforcing the President, for example in ejecting an MEP who is disrupting the session (although this is rare). The first head of protocol in the Parliament was French, so many of the duties in the Parliament are based on the French model first developed following the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>. The ushers are highly visible in the Parliament, dressed in black <a href="/wiki/Tailcoat" title="Tailcoat">tails</a> and wearing a silver chain, and are <a href="/wiki/EU_Concours" title="EU Concours">recruited</a> in the same manner as the <a href="/wiki/European_Civil_Service" title="European Civil Service">European civil service</a>. The President is allocated a personal usher.<a href="#cite_note-128">[119]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="President_and_organisation">President and organisation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Parliament&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: President and organisation">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roberta_Metsola_elected_new_President_of_the_European_Parliament_(51828380418)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Roberta_Metsola_elected_new_President_of_the_European_Parliament_%2851828380418%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Roberta_Metsola_elected_new_President_of_the_European_Parliament_%2851828380418%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Roberta_Metsola_elected_new_President_of_the_European_Parliament_%2851828380418%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-Roberta_Metsola_elected_new_President_of_the_European_Parliament_%2851828380418%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Roberta_Metsola_elected_new_President_of_the_European_Parliament_%2851828380418%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-Roberta_Metsola_elected_new_President_of_the_European_Parliament_%2851828380418%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2597" data-file-height="3313" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Roberta_Metsola" title="Roberta Metsola">Roberta Metsola</a>, the current <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Parliament" title="President of the European Parliament">President of the European Parliament</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Parliament" title="President of the European Parliament">President of the European Parliament</a></div> The President is essentially the <a href="/wiki/Speaker_(politics)" title="Speaker (politics)">speaker</a> of the Parliament and presides over the plenary when it is in session. The President's signature is required for all acts adopted by co-decision, including the EU budget. The President is also responsible for representing the Parliament externally, including in legal matters, and for the application of the rules of procedure. The President is elected for two-and-a-half-year terms, meaning two elections per parliamentary term.<a href="#cite_note-129">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[121]</a> The current President of the European Parliament is <a href="/wiki/Roberta_Metsola" title="Roberta Metsola">Roberta Metsola</a>, who was elected in January 2022.<a href="#cite_note-131">[122]</a> In most countries, the protocol of the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> comes before all others; however, in the EU the Parliament is listed as the first institution, and hence the protocol ranking of its president comes before any other European, or national, protocol. The gifts given to numerous visiting dignitaries depend upon the President. President <a href="/wiki/Josep_Borrell" title="Josep Borrell">Josep Borrell</a> MEP of Spain gave his counterparts a crystal cup created by an artist from Barcelona who had engraved upon it parts of the <a href="/wiki/Charter_of_Fundamental_Rights_of_the_European_Union" title="Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union">Charter of Fundamental Rights</a> among other things.<a href="#cite_note-Protocol-21">[12]</a> A number of notable figures have been President of the Parliament and its predecessors. The first President was <a href="/wiki/Paul-Henri_Spaak" title="Paul-Henri Spaak">Paul-Henri Spaak</a> MEP,<a href="#cite_note-132">[123]</a> one of the <a href="/wiki/Founding_fathers_of_the_European_Union" title="Founding fathers of the European Union">founding fathers of the Union</a>. Other founding fathers include <a href="/wiki/Alcide_de_Gasperi" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcide de Gasperi">Alcide de Gasperi</a> MEP and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman">Robert Schuman</a> MEP. The three female Presidents were <a href="/wiki/Simone_Veil" title="Simone Veil">Simone Veil</a> MEP in 1979 (first President of the elected Parliament), <a href="/wiki/Nicole_Fontaine" title="Nicole Fontaine">Nicole Fontaine</a> MEP in 1999, both Frenchwomen, and <a href="/wiki/Roberta_Metsola" title="Roberta Metsola">Roberta Metsola</a> from Malta in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-133">[124]</a> The previous president, <a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Buzek" title="Jerzy Buzek">Jerzy Buzek</a> was the first <a href="/wiki/East-Central_Europe" title="East-Central Europe">East-Central European</a> to lead an EU institution, a former <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Poland" title="Prime Minister of Poland">Prime Minister of Poland</a> who rose out of the <a href="/wiki/Solidarity_(Polish_trade_union)" title="Solidarity (Polish trade union)">Solidarity</a> movement in Poland that helped overthrow communism in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a>.<a href="#cite_note-134">[125]</a> During the election of a President, the previous President (or, if unable to, one of the previous vice-presidents) presides over the chamber.<a href="#cite_note-LeP-135">[126]</a> Prior to 2009, the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Parliament#Oldest_member" title="President of the European Parliament">oldest member</a> fulfilled this role<a href="#cite_note-136">[127]</a> but the rule was changed to prevent far-right French MEP <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Le_Pen" title="Jean-Marie Le Pen">Jean-Marie Le Pen</a> taking the chair.<a href="#cite_note-LeP-135">[126]</a> The Parliament also elects 14 <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_European_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice President of the European Parliament">Vice-Presidents</a> who chair debates when the President is not in the chamber. There are a number of bodies responsible for the running of Parliament. The two main ones are the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_(European_Parliament)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bureau (European Parliament)">Bureau</a>, which is responsible for budgetary and administration issues and is composed of the President and the Vice-Presidents, and the <a href="/wiki/Conference_of_Presidents" class="mw-redirect" title="Conference of Presidents">Conference of Presidents</a> which is the political governing body and is composed of the Presidents of the Parliament and the leaders of each of the Parliament's political groups. Looking after the financial and administrative interests of members are five <a href="/wiki/Quaestor_(European_Parliament)" title="Quaestor (European Parliament)">Quaestors</a>. As of 2014<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=European_Parliament&action=edit">[update]</a>, the European Parliament budget was EUR 1.756 billion.<a href="#cite_note-137">[128]</a> A 2008 report on the Parliament's finances highlighted certain overspending and miss-payments. Despite some MEPs calling for the report to be published, Parliamentary authorities had refused until an MEP broke confidentiality and leaked it.<a href="#cite_note-138">[129]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Committees_and_delegations">Committees and delegations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Parliament&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Committees and delegations">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Committee_Room_of_the_European_Parliament_in_Brussels.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Committee_Room_of_the_European_Parliament_in_Brussels.jpg/220px-Committee_Room_of_the_European_Parliament_in_Brussels.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Committee_Room_of_the_European_Parliament_in_Brussels.jpg/330px-Committee_Room_of_the_European_Parliament_in_Brussels.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Committee_Room_of_the_European_Parliament_in_Brussels.jpg/440px-Committee_Room_of_the_European_Parliament_in_Brussels.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1296" data-file-height="972" /></a><figcaption>A Committee room</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Committees_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Committees of the European Parliament">Committees of the European Parliament</a></div> The Parliament has 20 <a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Standing Committee">Standing Committees</a> ranging in size from 25 to 88 MEPs (each reflecting the political make-up of the whole Parliament) including a chair, a bureau and secretariat. They meet twice a month in public to draw up, amend to adopt legislative proposals and reports to be presented to the plenary.<a href="#cite_note-Organised-139">[130]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Rapporteur" title="Rapporteur">rapporteurs</a> for a committee are supposed to present the view of the committee, although notably this has not always been the case: in the events leading to the resignation of the Santer Commission, the rapporteur went against the <a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Budgetary_Control" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee on Budgetary Control">Budgetary Control Committee's</a> narrow vote to discharge the budget, and urged the Parliament to reject it.<a href="#cite_note-Ringe-46">[37]</a> The Parliament can also set up sub-committees (e.g. the <a href="/wiki/Subcommittee_on_Human_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Subcommittee on Human Rights">Subcommittee on Human Rights</a>) and temporary committees to deal with a specific topic (e.g. the Special Committee on Foreign Interference in Democratic Processes in the European Union, 2020–23). The chairs of the Committees co-ordinate their work through the "<a href="/wiki/Committees_of_the_European_Parliament#Conference_of_Committee_Chairs" title="Committees of the European Parliament">Conference of Committee Chairmen</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Organised-139">[130]</a> The nature of the committees differ from their national counterparts as, although smaller in comparison to those of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congressional_committee" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Congressional committee">United States Congress</a>, the European Parliament's committees are unusually large by European standards with between eight and twelve dedicated members of staff and three to four support staff. Considerable administration, archives and research resources are also at the disposal of the whole Parliament when needed.<a href="#cite_note-Kreppel-68">[59]</a> <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament_Delegations" class="mw-redirect" title="European Parliament Delegations">Delegations of the Parliament</a> are formed in a similar manner and are responsible for relations with Parliaments outside the EU. There are 44 delegations, mostly small (around 15 MEPs) but some larger. Chairpersons of the delegations also cooperate in a conference like the committee chairs do. Delegations include "Interparliamentary delegations" (maintain relations with Parliament outside the EU), "joint parliamentary committees" (maintaining relations with parliaments of states which are candidates or associates of the EU), the delegation to the <a href="/wiki/ACP_EU_Joint_Parliamentary_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="ACP EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly">ACP EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly</a> and the delegation to the <a href="/wiki/Euro-Mediterranean_Parliamentary_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Euro-Mediterranean Parliamentary Assembly">Euro-Mediterranean Parliamentary Assembly</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Organised-139">[130]</a> MEPs also participate in other international activities such as the <a href="/wiki/Euro-Latin_American_Parliamentary_Assembly" title="Euro-Latin American Parliamentary Assembly">Euro-Latin American Parliamentary Assembly</a>, the <a href="/wiki/NATO_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="NATO Assembly">NATO Assembly</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Transatlantic_Legislators%27_Dialogue" title="Transatlantic Legislators' Dialogue">Transatlantic Legislators' Dialogue</a> and through <a href="/wiki/Election_monitoring" title="Election monitoring">election observation</a> in third countries.<a href="#cite_note-140">[131]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Intergroups">Intergroups</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Parliament&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Intergroups">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dvorana_Jo%C5%BEeta_Pu%C4%8Dnika_Jo%C5%BEe_Pu%C4%8Dnik_Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Dvorana_Jo%C5%BEeta_Pu%C4%8Dnika_Jo%C5%BEe_Pu%C4%8Dnik_Hall.jpg/220px-Dvorana_Jo%C5%BEeta_Pu%C4%8Dnika_Jo%C5%BEe_Pu%C4%8Dnik_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Dvorana_Jo%C5%BEeta_Pu%C4%8Dnika_Jo%C5%BEe_Pu%C4%8Dnik_Hall.jpg/330px-Dvorana_Jo%C5%BEeta_Pu%C4%8Dnika_Jo%C5%BEe_Pu%C4%8Dnik_Hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Dvorana_Jo%C5%BEeta_Pu%C4%8Dnika_Jo%C5%BEe_Pu%C4%8Dnik_Hall.jpg/440px-Dvorana_Jo%C5%BEeta_Pu%C4%8Dnika_Jo%C5%BEe_Pu%C4%8Dnik_Hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4417" data-file-height="2947" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jo%C5%BEe_Pu%C4%8Dnik" title="Jože Pučnik">Jože Pučnik</a> conference room</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Intergroups_in_the_European_Parliament" title="Intergroups in the European Parliament">Intergroups in the European Parliament</a> are informal fora which gather MEPs from various political groups around any topic. They do not express the view of the European Parliament. They serve a double purpose: to address a topic which is transversal to several committees and in a less formal manner. Their daily secretariat can be run either through the office of MEPs or through interest groups, be them corporate lobbies or NGOs. The favored access to MEPs which the organization running the secretariat enjoys can be one explanation to the multiplication of Intergroups in the 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-141">[132]</a> They are now strictly regulated and financial support, direct or otherwise (via Secretariat staff, for example), must be officially specified in a declaration of financial interests.<a href="#cite_note-142">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[134]</a> Also Intergroups are established or renewed at the beginning of each legislature through a specific process. Indeed, the proposal for the constitution or renewal of an Intergroup must be supported by at least 3 political groups who can each support a limited number of proposals in proportion to their size (for example, for the legislature 2014–2019, the EPP or S&D political groups could support 22 proposals whereas the Greens/EFA or the EFDD political groups only 7).<a href="#cite_note-144">[135]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Translation_and_interpretation">Translation and interpretation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Parliament&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Translation and interpretation">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Interpretation in the European Parliament</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:2007_07_16_parlament_europejski_bruksela_47.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/2007_07_16_parlament_europejski_bruksela_47.JPG/200px-2007_07_16_parlament_europejski_bruksela_47.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/2007_07_16_parlament_europejski_bruksela_47.JPG/300px-2007_07_16_parlament_europejski_bruksela_47.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/2007_07_16_parlament_europejski_bruksela_47.JPG/400px-2007_07_16_parlament_europejski_bruksela_47.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Interpreting booths in the hemicycle simultaneously interpret debates between 24 languages.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Hearing_of_Commissioner-designate_Thierry_Breton_(49068586441).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Hearing_of_Commissioner-designate_Thierry_Breton_%2849068586441%29.jpg/200px-Hearing_of_Commissioner-designate_Thierry_Breton_%2849068586441%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Hearing_of_Commissioner-designate_Thierry_Breton_%2849068586441%29.jpg/300px-Hearing_of_Commissioner-designate_Thierry_Breton_%2849068586441%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Hearing_of_Commissioner-designate_Thierry_Breton_%2849068586441%29.jpg/400px-Hearing_of_Commissioner-designate_Thierry_Breton_%2849068586441%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Interpreter at a committee hearing for the confirmation of <a href="/wiki/Thierry_Breton" title="Thierry Breton">Thierry Breton</a> to the European Commission in 2019</div></div></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_European_Union" title="Languages of the European Union">Languages of the European Union</a></div> Speakers in the European Parliament are entitled to speak in any of the 24 official <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_European_Union" title="Languages of the European Union">languages of the European Union</a>, ranging from French and German to <a href="/wiki/Maltese_language" title="Maltese language">Maltese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>. Simultaneous interpreting is offered in all plenary sessions, and all final texts of legislation are translated. With twenty-four languages, the European Parliament is the most multilingual parliament in the world<a href="#cite_note-145">[136]</a> and the biggest employer of interpreters in the world (employing 350 full-time and 400 freelancers when there is higher demand).<a href="#cite_note-Interpreters-146">[137]</a> Citizens may also address the Parliament in <a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Valencian_language" title="Valencian language">Valencian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician</a>.<a href="#cite_note-147">[138]</a> Usually a language is translated from a foreign tongue into a translator's native tongue. Due to the large number of languages, some being minor ones, since 1995 interpreting is sometimes done the opposite way, out of an interpreter's native tongue (the "retour" system). In addition, a speech in a minor language may be interpreted through a third language for lack of interpreters ("relay" interpreting) – for example, when interpreting out of <a href="/wiki/Estonian_language" title="Estonian language">Estonian</a> into Maltese.<a href="#cite_note-Interpreters-146">[137]</a> Due to the complexity of the issues, interpretation is not word for word. Instead, interpreters have to convey the political meaning of a speech, regardless of their own views. This requires detailed understanding of the politics and terms of the Parliament, involving a great deal of preparation beforehand (e.g. reading the documents in question). Difficulty can often arise when MEPs use profanities, jokes and word play or speak too fast.<a href="#cite_note-Interpreters-146">[137]</a> While some see speaking their native language as an important part of their identity, and can speak more fluently in debates, interpretation and its cost has been criticised by some. A 2006 report by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Stubb" title="Alexander Stubb">Alexander Stubb</a> MEP highlighted that by only using English, French and German costs could be reduced from <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">€</a>118,000 per day (for 21 languages then – <a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a> having not yet been included) to €8,900 per day.<a href="#cite_note-148">[139]</a> There has also been a small-scale campaign to make French the reference language for all legal texts, on the basis of an argument that it is more clear and precise for legal purposes.<a href="#cite_note-149">[140]</a> Because the proceedings are translated into all of the official EU languages, they have been used to make a multilingual <a href="/wiki/Text_corpus" title="Text corpus">corpus</a> known as <a href="/wiki/Europarl_corpus" class="mw-redirect" title="Europarl corpus">Europarl</a>. It is widely used to train <a href="/wiki/Statistical_machine_translation" title="Statistical machine translation">statistical machine translation</a> systems.<a href="#cite_note-150">[141]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Corruption_scandals">Corruption scandals</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Parliament&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Corruption scandals">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Qatar_corruption_scandal_at_the_European_Parliament" title="Qatar corruption scandal at the European Parliament">Qatar corruption scandal at the European Parliament</a></div> On 12 December 2022, President Metsola announced that all work with Qatar would be suspended.<a href="#cite_note-EA-151">[142]</a> A <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> correspondent, Jack Parrock confirmed on the basis of close sources to Qatar that the UAE was involved in plotting the corruption scandal. Parrock said the official investigations, leaked documents and a number of European sources have confirmed the Emirati involvement in planning the alleged bribery case against Qatar. In a separate report by The European Microscope, documents revealed that the UAE made extensive efforts to woo multiple members of the European Parliament. Abu Dhabi intensified the lobbying campaign to build its support within the European Parliament and to push its members to speak in favour of the Emirates.<a href="#cite_note-152">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[145]</a> After Qatari officials, an Italian web publisher, Dagospia alleged that the UAE's plan against Qatar involved Tahnoun bin Zayed. It is alleged that the brother of UAE President <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_bin_Zayed_Al_Nahyan" title="Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan">Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan</a> gave Belgium the tips that lead to the investigations against Qatar.<a href="#cite_note-155">[146]</a> At the same meeting the <a href="/wiki/Greens%E2%80%93European_Free_Alliance" title="Greens–European Free Alliance">Greens–European Free Alliance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Renew_Europe" title="Renew Europe">Renew Europe</a> both called for an inquiry committee to be set up by the European Parliament.<a href="#cite_note-EA-151">[142]</a> The suspension of Parliamentary business at this time was significant as it came just three days before the Parliament was due to vote on introducing a <a href="/wiki/Travel_visa" title="Travel visa">visa-free travel</a> agreement with Qatar and other countries.<a href="#cite_note-EA-151">[142]</a> This resulted in the vote on visa-free travel to Ecuador, Kuwait, and Oman also being canceled.<a href="#cite_note-156">[147]</a> In addition, a major and controversial <a href="/wiki/Air_transport_agreement" title="Air transport agreement">air transit agreement</a> that would have allowed <a href="/wiki/Qatar_Airways" title="Qatar Airways">Qatar Airways</a> unlimited access to the EU market was put on hold after warning that Qatar may have interfered in Parliament's internal deliberations on the agreement.<a href="#cite_note-157">[148]</a> During the negotiations there was criticism by EU member states that the agreement, negotiated by the Parliament's <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament_Committee_on_Transport_and_Tourism" title="European Parliament Committee on Transport and Tourism">transport committee</a>, was unduly favourable of Qatar.<a href="#cite_note-158">[149]</a> On 16 December 2022, an article published by Politico, elucidate the connection between <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Panzeri" title="Antonio Panzeri">Antonio Panzeri</a> and Abderrahim Atmoun. Panzeri, a former Italian member of the European Parliament who headed the assembly of Maghreb delegation and Abderrahim Atmoun, and his co-president of the EU-Morocco joint parliamentary committee attended an award ceremony in 2014 where they were awarded by the king <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_VI_of_Morocco" title="Mohammed VI of Morocco">Mohammed VI of Morocco</a>.<a href="#cite_note-159">[150]</a> Atmoun, now Morocco's ambassador to Warsaw posted some pictures from the ceremony with the king and also posted the series of pictures showcasing the long-term association between him and Panzeri – a man whom he publicly claims as his friend from as long as 2011. The later pictures also involved Francesco Giorgi where three of them can be seen sitting together in the meeting room. Later in 2022, the three men caught in the biggest corruption scandal as Belgium launches an investigation into whether Qatar and Morocco bought the influence in the European Parliament. Panzeri and Giorgi, along with his partner <a href="/wiki/Eva_Kaili" title="Eva Kaili">Eva Kaili</a> are in jail facing preliminary charges of corruption. Warrants were also issued against Panzeri's wife and daughter in connection with influence buying which mentions the Atmoun giving gifts to them. The lawyers have declined to comment and Morocco's embassies in Warsaw and Brussel are not responding to calls. Panzeri's wife and daughter also denied any wrongdoings.<a href="#cite_note-160">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-161">[152]</a> President of the European Parliament <a href="/wiki/Roberta_Metsola" title="Roberta Metsola">Roberta Metsola</a> issued a statement in January 2023 stating that she had moved to remove parliamentary immunity from two <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">MEPs</a> implicated in the ongoing corruption scandal after receiving a request from the Belgian police.<a href="#cite_note-162">[153]</a> The European Parliament has had criticism over its prodigality and for being too complacent with conflicts of interest.<a href="#cite_note-163">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-164">[155]</a> Its refusal to become full member of the <a href="/wiki/Group_of_States_against_Corruption" title="Group of States against Corruption">GRECO</a> like all its member states is also a matter of criticism.<a href="#cite_note-:0-164">[155]</a> A January 2024 report published by investigative outlet Follow the Money found that 1 in 4 EU lawmakers have been implicated in judicial cases or scandals. Out of 253 cases highlighted in the report, only 23 have resulted in convictions.<a href="#cite_note-165">[156]</a> There are also ongoing concerns related to allegations that members of the European Parliament were illegally or unethically influenced by Russia. Such concerns have been raised several times in 2023 and 2024 and dubbed "Russiagate".<a href="#cite_note-166">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[159]</a> Panzeri's lobbying group, Fight Impunity, was largely funded by <a href="/wiki/Iqbal_Surv%C3%A9" title="Iqbal Survé">Iqbal Survé</a>, a controversial South African billionaire. Survé's <a href="/wiki/Sekunjalo_Investments" title="Sekunjalo Investments">Sekunjalo Development Foundation</a> was found to be the "most important donor" having donated €250,000 to the group.<a href="#cite_note-169">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-170">[161]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Annual_costs">Annual costs</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Parliament&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Annual costs">edit</a>]</div> According to the European Parliament website, the annual parliament budget for 2021 was €2.064 billion, which corresponds to 1.2% of <a href="/wiki/Budget_of_the_European_Union" title="Budget of the European Union">EU budget</a>.<a href="#cite_note-171">[162]</a> The main cost categories were: <ul><li>45% – staff (staff expenses, contract agents, linguistic services)</li> <li>22% – operational costs (buildings, IT, administration)</li> <li>26% – political activities (members, activities of political groups, parties and foundations)</li> <li>6% – communications</li></ul> According to a European Parliament study prepared in 2013, the Strasbourg seat costs an extra €103 million over maintaining a single location and according to the Court of Auditors an additional €5 million is related to travel expenses caused by having two seats.<a href="#cite_note-172">[163]</a> As a comparison, the German lower house of parliament (<a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">Bundestag</a>) is estimated to cost €517 million in total for 2018, for a parliament with 709 members.<a href="#cite_note-173">[164]</a> The <a href="/wiki/British_House_of_Commons" class="mw-redirect" title="British House of Commons">British House of Commons</a> reported total annual costs in 2016-2017 of £249 million (€279 million). It had 650 seats.<a href="#cite_note-174">[165]</a> According to The Economist, the European Parliament costs more than the British, French and German parliaments combined. A quarter of the costs is estimated to be related to translation and interpretation costs (c. €460 million) and the double seats are estimated to add an additional €180 million a year.<a href="#cite_note-175">[166]</a> For a like-for-like comparison, these two cost blocks can be excluded. On 2 July 2018, MEPs rejected proposals to tighten the rules around the General Expenditure Allowance (GEA),<a href="#cite_note-176">[167]</a> which "is a controversial €4,416 per month payment that MEPs are given to cover office and other expenses, but they are not required to provide any evidence of how the money is spent".<a href="#cite_note-177">[168]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Seat">Seat</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Parliament&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Seat">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Seats of the European Parliament</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:European_Parliament_(DSC01793).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Espace Léopold building in Brussels, Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/European_Parliament_%28DSC01793%29.jpg/200px-European_Parliament_%28DSC01793%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/European_Parliament_%28DSC01793%29.jpg/300px-European_Parliament_%28DSC01793%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/European_Parliament_%28DSC01793%29.jpg/400px-European_Parliament_%28DSC01793%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5745" data-file-height="2890" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Espace_L%C3%A9opold" title="Espace Léopold">Espace Léopold</a> building in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Luxembourg,_Europaparlament_Parlement_europ%C3%A9en_tram_stop_(104).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Konrad Adenauer building in Luxembourg City, Luxembourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Luxembourg%2C_Europaparlament_Parlement_europ%C3%A9en_tram_stop_%28104%29.jpg/200px-Luxembourg%2C_Europaparlament_Parlement_europ%C3%A9en_tram_stop_%28104%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Luxembourg%2C_Europaparlament_Parlement_europ%C3%A9en_tram_stop_%28104%29.jpg/300px-Luxembourg%2C_Europaparlament_Parlement_europ%C3%A9en_tram_stop_%28104%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Luxembourg%2C_Europaparlament_Parlement_europ%C3%A9en_tram_stop_%28104%29.jpg/400px-Luxembourg%2C_Europaparlament_Parlement_europ%C3%A9en_tram_stop_%28104%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3610" data-file-height="2030" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer" title="Konrad Adenauer">Konrad Adenauer</a> building in <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City">Luxembourg City</a>, <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> (seat of the Secretariat-General)</div></div></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Location_of_European_Union_institutions" class="mw-redirect" title="Location of European Union institutions">Location of European Union institutions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Espace_L%C3%A9opold" title="Espace Léopold">Espace Léopold</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Seat_of_the_European_Parliament_in_Strasbourg" title="Seat of the European Parliament in Strasbourg">Seat of the European Parliament in Strasbourg</a></div> The Parliament is based in three different cities with numerous buildings. The Member States attached a protocol attached to the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Amsterdam" title="Treaty of Amsterdam">Treaty of Amsterdam</a> that requires 12 plenary sessions to be held in <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a> (in practice, none in August but two in October), which is described as the Parliament's official seat, while extra part sessions as well as committee meetings are held in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>. Luxembourg City hosts the <a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Secretariat of the European Parliament">Secretariat of the European Parliament</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Consolidated_Treaty-24">[15]</a> The European Parliament is one of at least two assemblies in the world with more than one meeting place (another being the <a href="/wiki/Tynwald" title="Tynwald">parliament of the Isle of Man, Tynwald</a>) and one of the few that does not have the power to decide its own location.<a href="#cite_note-Strange-178">[169]</a> The Strasbourg seat is seen as a symbol of reconciliation between France and Germany, the Strasbourg region having been fought over by the two countries in the past. However, the cost and inconvenience of having two seats is questioned. While Strasbourg is the official seat, and sits alongside the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a>,<a href="#cite_note-179">[170]</a> <a href="/wiki/Brussels_and_the_European_Union" title="Brussels and the European Union">Brussels is home to nearly all other major EU institutions</a>, with the majority of Parliament's work being carried out there. Critics have described the two-seat arrangement as a "travelling circus",<a href="#cite_note-Seat_Green-180">[171]</a> and there is a strong movement to establish Brussels as the sole seat. This is because the other political institutions (the Commission, Council and European Council) are located there, and hence Brussels is treated as the '<a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital</a>' of the EU. This movement has received strong backing from numerous figures, including <a href="/wiki/Margot_Wallstr%C3%B6m" title="Margot Wallström">Margot Wallström</a>, Commission First-Vice President from 2004 to 2010, who stated that "something that was once a very positive symbol of the EU reuniting France and Germany has now become a negative symbol – of wasting money, bureaucracy and the insanity of the Brussels institutions".<a href="#cite_note-181">[172]</a> The <a href="/wiki/European_Green_Party" title="European Green Party">Green Party</a> has also noted the environmental cost in a study led by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Lambert" title="Jean Lambert">Jean Lambert</a> MEP and <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Lucas" title="Caroline Lucas">Caroline Lucas</a> MEP; in addition to the extra 200 million euro spent on the extra seat, there are over 20,268 tonnes of additional carbon dioxide, undermining any environmental stance of the institution and the Union.<a href="#cite_note-Seat_Green-180">[171]</a> The campaign is further backed by a million-strong online petition started by <a href="/wiki/Cecilia_Malmstr%C3%B6m" title="Cecilia Malmström">Cecilia Malmström</a> MEP.<a href="#cite_note-182">[173]</a> In August 2014, an assessment by the European Court of Auditors calculated that relocating the Strasbourg seat of the European Parliament to Brussels would save €113.8 million per year.<a href="#cite_note-183">[174]</a> In 2006, there were allegations of irregularities in the charges made by the city of Strasbourg on buildings the Parliament rented, thus further harming the case for the Strasbourg seat.<a href="#cite_note-184">[175]</a> Most MEPs prefer Brussels as a single base.<a href="#cite_note-185">[176]</a> A poll of MEPs found 89% of the respondents wanting a single seat, and 81% preferring Brussels.<a href="#cite_note-186">[177]</a> Another survey found 68% support.<a href="#cite_note-Farrell_Powerful-27">[18]</a> In July 2011, an absolute majority of MEPs voted in favour of a single seat.<a href="#cite_note-187">[178]</a> In early 2011, the Parliament voted to scrap one of the Strasbourg sessions by holding two within a single week.<a href="#cite_note-188">[179]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Roland_Ries" title="Roland Ries">mayor of Strasbourg</a> officially reacted by stating "we will counter-attack by upturning the adversary's strength to our own profit, as a <a href="/wiki/Judo" title="Judo">judoka</a> would do".<a href="#cite_note-189">[180]</a> However, as Parliament's seat is now fixed by the treaties, it can only be changed by the Member States, acting unanimously and with national ratification, meaning that France could veto any move.<a href="#cite_note-Strange-178">[169]</a> Former <a href="/wiki/French_President" class="mw-redirect" title="French President">French President</a> <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a> stated that the Strasbourg seat is "non-negotiable" and that France has no intention of surrendering the only EU Institution on French soil.<a href="#cite_note-190">[181]</a> Given France's declared intention to veto any relocation to Brussels, some MEPs have advocated <a href="/wiki/Civil_disobedience" title="Civil disobedience">civil disobedience</a> by refusing to take part in the monthly exodus to Strasbourg.<a href="#cite_note-191">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-192">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[184]</a> However, the main building in Brussels has been suffering for more than a decade from a state of degradation. Renovation or reconstruction works including an hemicycle were estimated to cost at least €500 million in 2017 with fear that the cost would be even higher<a href="#cite_note-194">[185]</a> and possibly escalate up to €1 billion,<a href="#cite_note-195">[186]</a> whereas the seat in Strasbourg already offers a fully-fledged hemicycle. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Channels_of_dialogue,_information,_and_communication_with_European_civil_society">Channels of dialogue, information, and communication with European civil society</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Parliament&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Channels of dialogue, information, and communication with European civil society">edit</a>]</div> Individual MEPs are the main point of contact for citizens with the Parliament. They normally have an office in their constiuency and travel back at the end of every week (and during weeks without parliamentary meetings) to participate in an array of meetings, events, interviews, visits and suchlike with voters, businesses, trade unions, local authorities and media. The Parliament itself maintains a detailed website,<a href="#cite_note-196">[187]</a> receives around one million visitors a year, and streamlines debates and committee meetings. Over the last few years, European institutions have committed to promoting transparency, openness, and the availability of information about their work.<a href="#cite_note-197">[188]</a> In particular, transparency is regarded as pivotal to the action of European institutions and a general principle of EU law, to be applied to the activities of EU institutions in order to strengthen the Union's democratic foundation.<a href="#cite_note-198">[189]</a> The general principles of openness and transparency are reaffirmed in the articles 8 A, point 3 and 10.3 of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lisbon" title="Treaty of Lisbon">Treaty of Lisbon</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Maastricht_Treaty" title="Maastricht Treaty">Maastricht Treaty</a> respectively, stating that "every citizen shall have the right to participate in the democratic life of the Union. Decisions shall be taken as openly and as closely as possible to the citizen".<a href="#cite_note-eur-lex.europa.eu-199">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-eur-lex.europa.eu-2-200">[191]</a> Furthermore, both treaties acknowledge the value of dialogue between citizens, representative associations, civil society, and European institutions.<a href="#cite_note-eur-lex.europa.eu-199">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-eur-lex.europa.eu-2-200">[191]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dialogue_with_religious_and_non-confessional_organisations">Dialogue with religious and non-confessional organisations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Parliament&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Dialogue with religious and non-confessional organisations">edit</a>]</div> Article 17 of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Functioning_of_the_European_Union" title="Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union">Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union</a> (TFEU) lays the juridical foundation for an open, transparent dialogue between European institutions and churches, religious associations, and non-confessional and philosophical organisations.<a href="#cite_note-europarl.europa.eu-201">[192]</a> In July 2014, in the beginning of the 8th term, then President of the European Parliament <a href="/wiki/Martin_Schulz" title="Martin Schulz">Martin Schulz</a> tasked <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Tajani" title="Antonio Tajani">Antonio Tajani</a>, then vice-president, with implementing the dialogue with the religious and confessional organisations included in article 17.<a href="#cite_note-202">[193]</a> In this framework, the European Parliament hosts high-level conferences on inter-religious dialogue, also with focus on current issues and in relation with parliamentary works.<a href="#cite_note-europarl.europa.eu-201">[192]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_Parliament_Mediator_for_International_Parental_Child_Abduction">European Parliament Mediator for International Parental Child Abduction</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Parliament&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: European Parliament Mediator for International Parental Child Abduction">edit</a>]</div> The chair of European Parliament Mediator for International Parental Child Abduction was established in 1987 by initiative of British MEP Charles <a href="/wiki/Henry_Plumb" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Plumb">Henry Plumb</a>, with the goal of helping minor children of international couples victim of parental abduction. The Mediator finds negotiated solutions in the higher interest of the minor when said minor is abducted by a parent following separation of the couple, regardless whether married or unmarried.<a href="#cite_note-203">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-europarl.europa.eu-2-204">[195]</a> Since its institution, the chair has been held by <a href="/wiki/Mairead_McGuinness" title="Mairead McGuinness">Mairead McGuinness</a> (since 2014), Roberta Angelilli (2009–2014), Evelyne Gebhardt (2004–2009), Mary Banotti (1995–2004), and Marie-Claude Vayssade (1987–1994).<a href="#cite_note-europarl.europa.eu-2-204">[195]</a> The Mediator's main task is to assist parents in finding a solution in the minor's best interest through mediation, i.e. a form of controversy resolution alternative to lawsuit. The Mediator is activated by request of a citizen and, after evaluating the request, starts a mediation process aimed at reaching an agreement. Once subscribed by both parties and the Mediator, the agreement is official. The nature of the agreement is that of a private contract between parties.<a href="#cite_note-europarl.europa.eu-2-204">[195]</a> In defining the agreement, the European Parliament offers the parties the juridical support necessary to reach a sound, lawful agreement based on legality and equity. The agreement can be ratified by the competent national courts and can also lay the foundation for consensual separation or divorce.<a href="#cite_note-europarl.europa.eu-2-204">[195]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="European_Parliamentary_Research_Service">European Parliamentary Research Service</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Parliament&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: European Parliamentary Research Service">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/European_Parliamentary_Research_Service" title="European Parliamentary Research Service">European Parliamentary Research Service</a> (EPRS) is the European Parliament's in-house research department and think tank. It provides <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">Members of the European Parliament</a> – and, where appropriate, <a href="/wiki/Committees_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Committees of the European Parliament">parliamentary committees</a> – with independent, objective and authoritative analysis of, and research on, policy issues relating to the European Union, in order to assist them in their parliamentary work. It is also designed to increase Members' and EP committees' capacity to scrutinise and oversee the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Bodies_of_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodies of the European Union">EU executive bodies</a>. EPRS aims to provide a comprehensive range of products and services, backed by specialist internal expertise and knowledge sources in all policy fields, so empowering Members and committees through knowledge and contributing to the Parliament's effectiveness and influence as an institution. In undertaking this work, the EPRS supports and promotes parliamentary outreach to the wider public, including dialogue with relevant stakeholders in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a>'s system of multi-level governance. All EPRS publications are publicly available on the EP Think Tank platform.<a href="#cite_note-205">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-206">[197]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eurobarometer_of_the_European_Parliament">Eurobarometer of the European Parliament</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Parliament&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Eurobarometer of the European Parliament">edit</a>]</div> The European Parliament periodically commissions opinion polls and studies on public opinion trends in Member States to survey perceptions and expectations of citizens about its work and the overall activities of the European Union. Topics include citizens' perception of the European Parliament's role, their knowledge of the institution, their sense of belonging in the European Union, opinions on European elections and European integration, identity, citizenship, political values, but also on current issues such as climate change, current economy and politics, etc. <a href="/wiki/Eurobarometer" title="Eurobarometer">Eurobarometer</a> analyses seek to provide an overall picture of national situations, regional specificities, socio-demographic cleavages, and historical trends.<a href="#cite_note-207">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-208">[199]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prizes">Prizes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Parliament&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Prizes">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sakharov_Prize">Sakharov Prize</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Parliament&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Sakharov Prize">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Remise_du_Prix_Sakharov_%C3%A0_Aung_San_Suu_Kyi_Strasbourg_22_octobre_2013-11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Remise_du_Prix_Sakharov_%C3%A0_Aung_San_Suu_Kyi_Strasbourg_22_octobre_2013-11.jpg/220px-Remise_du_Prix_Sakharov_%C3%A0_Aung_San_Suu_Kyi_Strasbourg_22_octobre_2013-11.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Remise_du_Prix_Sakharov_%C3%A0_Aung_San_Suu_Kyi_Strasbourg_22_octobre_2013-11.jpg/330px-Remise_du_Prix_Sakharov_%C3%A0_Aung_San_Suu_Kyi_Strasbourg_22_octobre_2013-11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Remise_du_Prix_Sakharov_%C3%A0_Aung_San_Suu_Kyi_Strasbourg_22_octobre_2013-11.jpg/440px-Remise_du_Prix_Sakharov_%C3%A0_Aung_San_Suu_Kyi_Strasbourg_22_octobre_2013-11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4588" data-file-height="3059" /></a><figcaption>The ceremony of the <a href="/wiki/Sakharov_Prize" title="Sakharov Prize">Sakharov Prize</a> awarded to <a href="/wiki/Aung_San_Suu_Kyi" title="Aung San Suu Kyi">Aung San Suu Kyi</a> by <a href="/wiki/Martin_Schulz" title="Martin Schulz">Martin Schulz</a>, in 2013</figcaption></figure> With the <a href="/wiki/Sakharov_Prize" title="Sakharov Prize">Sakharov Prize</a>, created in 1988, the European Parliament supports human rights by awarding individuals that contribute to promoting human rights worldwide, thus raising awareness on human rights violations. Priorities include: protection of human rights and fundamental liberties, with particular focus on freedom of expression; protection of minority rights; compliance with international law; and development of democracy and authentic rule of law.<a href="#cite_note-europarl.europa.eu-3-209">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-210">[201]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_Charlemagne_Youth_Prize">European Charlemagne Youth Prize</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Parliament&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: European Charlemagne Youth Prize">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/European_Charlemagne_Youth_Prize" title="European Charlemagne Youth Prize">European Charlemagne Youth Prize</a> seeks to encourage youth participation in the European integration process. It is awarded by the European Parliament and the Foundation of the International Charlemagne Prize of Aachen to youth projects aimed at nurturing common European identity and European citizenship.<a href="#cite_note-europarl.europa.eu-3-209">[200]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_Citizens'_Prize">European Citizens' Prize</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Parliament&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: European Citizens' Prize">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/European_Citizens%27_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="European Citizens' Prize">European Citizens' Prize</a> is awarded by the European Parliament to activities and actions carried out by citizens and associations to promote integration between the citizens of EU member states and transnational cooperation projects in the EU.<a href="#cite_note-europarl.europa.eu-3-209">[200]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="LUX_Prize">LUX Prize</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Parliament&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: LUX Prize">edit</a>]</div> Since 2007, the <a href="/wiki/LUX_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="LUX Prize">LUX Prize</a> is awarded by the European Parliament to films dealing with current topics of public European interest that encourage reflection on Europe and its future. Over time, the Lux Prize has become a prestigious cinema award which supports European film and production also outside the EU.<a href="#cite_note-211">[202]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Daphne_Caruana_Galizia_Journalism_Prize">Daphne Caruana Galizia Journalism Prize</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Parliament&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Daphne Caruana Galizia Journalism Prize">edit</a>]</div> From 2021, the Daphne Caruana Galizia Journalism prize shall be awarded by the European Parliament to outstanding journalism that reflect EU values. The prize consists in an award of 20,000 euros and the very first winner will be revealed in October 2021. This award is named after the late Maltese journalist, <a href="/wiki/Daphne_Caruana_Galizia" title="Daphne Caruana Galizia">Daphne Caruana Galizia</a> who was assassinated in Malta on 16 October 2017.<a href="#cite_note-212">[203]</a> In 2021 the prize was awarded to the <a href="/wiki/Pegasus_Project_(investigation)" title="Pegasus Project (investigation)">Pegasus Project</a>.<a href="#cite_note-213">[204]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Parliament&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parlamentarium" title="Parlamentarium">Parlamentarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union_address_(European_Union)" class="mw-redirect" title="State of the Union address (European Union)">State of the Union address (European Union)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rules_of_Procedure_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Rules of Procedure of the European Parliament">Rules of Procedure of the European Parliament</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Parliament&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">EPP</a> (176)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/European_Christian_Political_Movement" title="European Christian Political Movement">ECPM</a> (1)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/European_Free_Alliance" title="European Free Alliance">EFA</a> (1)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  Unaffiliated (10)</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">PES</a> (131)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  Unaffiliated (5)</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/Patriots.eu" title="Patriots.eu">Patriots.eu</a> (79)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/European_Christian_Political_Movement" title="European Christian Political Movement">ECPM</a> (1)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  Unaffiliated (6)</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/European_Conservatives_and_Reformists_Party" title="European Conservatives and Reformists Party">ECR</a> (54)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/European_Free_Alliance" title="European Free Alliance">EFA</a> (3)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/European_Christian_Political_Movement" title="European Christian Political Movement">ECPM</a> (2)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  Unaffiliated (19)</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party">ALDE</a> (50)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/European_Democratic_Party" title="European Democratic Party">EDP</a> (10)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">EPP</a> (1)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  Unaffiliated (14)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Ind.</a> (2)</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/European_Green_Party" title="European Green Party">EGP</a> (43)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/Volt_Europa" title="Volt Europa">Volt</a> (5)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/European_Free_Alliance" title="European Free Alliance">EFA</a> (3)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/European_Pirate_Party" title="European Pirate Party">PPEU</a> (1)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Ind.</a> (1)</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/European_Left_Alliance_for_the_People_and_the_Planet" title="European Left Alliance for the People and the Planet">ELA</a> (18)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/Party_of_the_European_Left" title="Party of the European Left">PEL</a> (6)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/Animal_Politics_EU" title="Animal Politics EU">APEU</a> (2)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/European_Free_Alliance" title="European Free Alliance">EFA</a> (1)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  Unaffiliated (17)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Ind.</a> (2)</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/Europe_of_Sovereign_Nations_(party)" title="Europe of Sovereign Nations (party)">ESN</a> (25)</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  Unaffiliated (20)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">PES</a> (6)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/European_Communist_Action" title="European Communist Action">ECA</a> (2)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/Europe_of_Sovereign_Nations_(party)" title="Europe of Sovereign Nations (party)">ESN</a> (1)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Ind.</a> (1)</li></ul> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Parliament&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output 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Toni Comín"</a>. <a href="/wiki/El_Pa%C3%ADs" title="El País">El País</a>. 2 July 2024. Retrieved 27 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=El+Parlamento+Europeo+deja+vacante+por+ahora+el+esca%C3%B1o+de+Toni+Com%C3%ADn&rft.pub=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.date=2024-07-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felpais.com%2Fespana%2F2024-07-02%2Fel-parlamento-europeo-toma-nota-de-la-lista-de-la-junta-electoral-y-deja-vacante-el-escano-de-comin.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Parliament" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2023/09/22/the-european-council-establishes-the-composition-of-the-european-parliament/">"The European Council establishes the composition of the European Parliament"</a>. <a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a>. 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Retrieved 14 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=18+new+MEPs+take+their+seats&rft.pub=European+Parliament&rft.date=2012-01-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europarl.europa.eu%2Fnews%2Fen%2Fheadlines%2Fcontent%2F20120103MUN34829%2Fhtml%2F18-new-MEPs-take-their-seats&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Parliament" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210203022915/https://www.europarl.europa.eu/elections2014-results/en/election-results-2014.html">"Results of the 2014 European elections"</a>. European Parliament. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.results-elections2014.eu/en/turnout.html">the original</a> on 3 February 2021. 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Rule 141: Calling speakers and content of speeches"</a>. European Parliament. Retrieved 12 June 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rules+of+Procedure+of+the+European+Parliament.+Rule+141%3A+Calling+speakers+and+content+of+speeches&rft.pub=European+Parliament&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europarl.europa.eu%2Fsides%2FgetDoc.do%3FpubRef%3D-%2F%2FEP%2F%2FTEXT%2BRULES-EP%2B20070101%2BRULE-141%2BDOC%2BXML%2BV0%2F%2FEN%26language%3DEN%26navigationBar%3DYES&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Parliament" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//TEXT+RULES-EP+20070101+RULE-142+DOC+XML+V0//EN&language=EN&navigationBar=YES">"Rules of Procedure of the European Parliament. Rule 142: Allocation of speaking time"</a>. European Parliament. Retrieved 12 June 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rules+of+Procedure+of+the+European+Parliament.+Rule+142%3A+Allocation+of+speaking+time&rft.pub=European+Parliament&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europarl.europa.eu%2Fsides%2FgetDoc.do%3FpubRef%3D-%2F%2FEP%2F%2FTEXT%2BRULES-EP%2B20070101%2BRULE-142%2BDOC%2BXML%2BV0%2F%2FEN%26language%3DEN%26navigationBar%3DYES&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Parliament" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYeomans2004" class="citation web cs1">Yeomans, Chris (2 November 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050608053201/http://www.cafebabel.com/en/article.asp?T=A&Id=976">"Democracy 1, Autocracy 0?"</a>. Café Babel. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cafebabel.com/en/article.asp?T=A&Id=976">the original</a> on 8 June 2005. Retrieved 9 July 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Democracy+1%2C+Autocracy+0%3F&rft.pub=Caf%C3%A9+Babel&rft.date=2004-11-02&rft.aulast=Yeomans&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cafebabel.com%2Fen%2Farticle.asp%3FT%3DA%26Id%3D976&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Parliament" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//TEXT+RULES-EP+20070101+RULE-164+DOC+XML+V0//EN&language=EN&navigationBar=YES">"Rules of Procedure of the European Parliament. Rule 164: Disputes on voting"</a>. European Parliament. Retrieved 12 June 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rules+of+Procedure+of+the+European+Parliament.+Rule+164%3A+Disputes+on+voting&rft.pub=European+Parliament&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europarl.europa.eu%2Fsides%2FgetDoc.do%3FpubRef%3D-%2F%2FEP%2F%2FTEXT%2BRULES-EP%2B20070101%2BRULE-164%2BDOC%2BXML%2BV0%2F%2FEN%26language%3DEN%26navigationBar%3DYES&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Parliament" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?language=EN&type=IM-PRESS&reference=20060628STO09319&secondRef=0">"How do MEPs vote?"</a>. European Parliament. 28 June 2006. Retrieved 6 July 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+do+MEPs+vote%3F&rft.pub=European+Parliament&rft.date=2006-06-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europarl.europa.eu%2Fsides%2FgetDoc.do%3Flanguage%3DEN%26type%3DIM-PRESS%26reference%3D20060628STO09319%26secondRef%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Parliament" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> Hix &al (see <a href="#Further_reading">further reading</a> below), §1.4 ("The dataset: roll-call votes in the European Parliament"), p.29–30. </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061016212424/http://www.europarl.europa.eu/guide/search/docsearch_en.htm">"The different types of document available on Europarl"</a>. European Parliament. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europarl.europa.eu/guide/search/docsearch_en.htm">the original</a> on 16 October 2006. Retrieved 7 July 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+different+types+of+document+available+on+Europarl&rft.pub=European+Parliament&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europarl.europa.eu%2Fguide%2Fsearch%2Fdocsearch_en.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Parliament" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Corbett_174-125"><a href="#cite_ref-Corbett_174_125-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorbettFrancis_JacobsMichael_Shackleton2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Corbett" title="Richard Corbett">Corbett, Richard</a>; <a href="/wiki/Francis_Jacobs" title="Francis Jacobs">Francis Jacobs</a>; Michael Shackleton (2007). The European Parliament (7 ed.). London: John Harper. p. 174. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9551144-7-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9551144-7-2"><bdi>978-0-9551144-7-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+European+Parliament&rft.place=London&rft.pages=174&rft.edition=7&rft.pub=John+Harper&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-9551144-7-2&rft.aulast=Corbett&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Francis+Jacobs&rft.au=Michael+Shackleton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Parliament" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Corbett_167-126">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Corbett_167_126-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Corbett_167_126-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorbettFrancis_JacobsMichael_Shackleton2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Corbett" title="Richard Corbett">Corbett, Richard</a>; <a href="/wiki/Francis_Jacobs" title="Francis Jacobs">Francis Jacobs</a>; Michael Shackleton (2007). The European Parliament (7 ed.). London: John Harper. p. 167. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9665544-7-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9665544-7-2"><bdi>978-0-9665544-7-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+European+Parliament&rft.place=London&rft.pages=167&rft.edition=7&rft.pub=John+Harper&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-9665544-7-2&rft.aulast=Corbett&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Francis+Jacobs&rft.au=Michael+Shackleton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Parliament" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080227035017/http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sce/data/fast_access/doc//PLAN_BRX_30%20JAN_2008.pdf">"Brussels seating plan"</a> (PDF). European Parliament. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sce/data/fast_access/doc//PLAN_BRX_30%20JAN_2008.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 27 February 2008. Retrieved 12 June 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brussels+seating+plan&rft.pub=European+Parliament&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europarl.europa.eu%2Fsce%2Fdata%2Ffast_access%2Fdoc%2F%2FPLAN_BRX_30%2520JAN_2008.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Parliament" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?language=EN&type=IM-PRESS&reference=20051017FCS01532&secondRef=0">"The European Parliament Ushers"</a>. European Parliament. Retrieved 21 June 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+European+Parliament+Ushers&rft.pub=European+Parliament&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europarl.europa.eu%2Fsides%2FgetDoc.do%3Flanguage%3DEN%26type%3DIM-PRESS%26reference%3D20051017FCS01532%26secondRef%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Parliament" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//TEXT+RULES-EP+20040720+RULE-019+DOC+XML+V0//EN&navigationBar=YES">"Duties of the President"</a>. European Parliament. Retrieved 12 June 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Duties+of+the+President&rft.pub=European+Parliament&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europarl.europa.eu%2Fsides%2FgetDoc.do%3FpubRef%3D-%2F%2FEP%2F%2FTEXT%2BRULES-EP%2B20040720%2BRULE-019%2BDOC%2BXML%2BV0%2F%2FEN%26navigationBar%3DYES&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Parliament" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europarl.europa.eu/the-president/en/president/functions.html">"Functions"</a>. European Parliament. Retrieved 20 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Functions&rft.pub=European+Parliament&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europarl.europa.eu%2Fthe-president%2Fen%2Fpresident%2Ffunctions.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Parliament" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20220114IPR21012/roberta-metsola-elected-new-president-of-the-european-parliament">"Roberta Metsola elected new President of the European Parliament"</a>. European Parliament. 18 January 2022. Retrieved 18 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Roberta+Metsola+elected+new+President+of+the+European+Parliament&rft.pub=European+Parliament&rft.date=2022-01-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.europarl.europa.eu%2Fnews%2Fen%2Fpress-room%2F20220114IPR21012%2Froberta-metsola-elected-new-president-of-the-european-parliament&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Parliament" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> though the history of Parliament sometimes excludes the early Common Assembly, in which interpretation the first President would be <a href="/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman">Robert Schuman</a> (another founding father) in those circumstances. </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160422224508/http://www.europarl.europa.eu/the-president/en/president/formers.html">"Former E.P. Presidents"</a>. European Parliament. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europarl.europa.eu/the-president/en/president/formers.html">the original</a> on 22 April 2016. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/public/story_page/008-58049-201-07-30-901-20090710STO58039-2009-20-07-2009/default_en.htm">the original</a> on 23 July 2009. 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Un'ipotesi Ormai Ventilata Apertamente Da Doha - A Fornire La "Soffiata" Al Belgio Sarebbe Stato Tahnoun Bin Zayed Mohammed Al Nahyan, Fratello Del Presidente Emiratino, Mohamed Bin Zayed – Tahnoun, Consigliere Per La Sicurezza Nazionale, È Il Capo Dei Servizi Emiratini, E Recentemente Si È Parlato Di Lui Per Una Tentata Operazione In Israele: Voleva Comprare Il Colosso Assicurativo "Phoenix Group", Ma..."</a> [Emirs against – Every day that passes, the hypothesis that the Manona of the United Arab Emirates is behind the Qatargate is gaining more and more traction. A hypothesis now openly aired by Doha - Tahnoun Bin Zayed Mohammed Al Nahyan, brother of the UAE president, would have provided the "tip" to Belgium - Tahnoun, national security adviser, is the head of the UAE services, And Recently There Was Talk Of Him For An Attempted Operation In Israel: He Wanted To Buy The Insurance Giant "Phoenix Group", But...]. 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Retrieved 23 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=europarl.europa.eu&rft.atitle=Parlemeter+2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europarl.europa.eu%2Fatyourservice%2Fen%2F20161110PVL00113%2FEurobarometer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Parliament" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europarl.it/it/scoprire-l-europa/eurobarometro-i-sondaggi-d-opinione-del-pe?webaction=view.acceptCookies">"Eurobarometro: i sondaggi d'opinione del PE"</a>. europarl.it (in Italian). Retrieved 23 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=europarl.it&rft.atitle=Eurobarometro%3A+i+sondaggi+d%27opinione+del+PE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europarl.it%2Fit%2Fscoprire-l-europa%2Feurobarometro-i-sondaggi-d-opinione-del-pe%3Fwebaction%3Dview.acceptCookies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Parliament" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-europarl.europa.eu-3-209">^ <a href="#cite_ref-europarl.europa.eu-3_209-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-europarl.europa.eu-3_209-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-europarl.europa.eu-3_209-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europarl.europa.eu/atyourservice/it/20150201PVL00043/Premi">"Premi"</a>. europarl.europa.eu. Retrieved 23 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=europarl.europa.eu&rft.atitle=Premi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europarl.europa.eu%2Fatyourservice%2Fit%2F20150201PVL00043%2FPremi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Parliament" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190521050536/http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sakharovprize/it/home/the-prize.html">"Il Parlamento europeo sostiene i diritti umani"</a>. europarl.europa.eu (in Italian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sakharovprize/it/home/the-prize.html">the original</a> on 21 May 2019. Retrieved 23 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=europarl.europa.eu&rft.atitle=Il+Parlamento+europeo+sostiene+i+diritti+umani&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europarl.europa.eu%2Fsakharovprize%2Fit%2Fhome%2Fthe-prize.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Parliament" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201205023843/https://luxprize.eu/why-and-what">"Lux Prize. About"</a>. luxprize.eu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.luxprize.eu/why-and-what">the original</a> on 5 December 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=luxprize.eu&rft.atitle=Lux+Prize.+About&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.luxprize.eu%2Fwhy-and-what&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Parliament" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/headlines/society/20201009STO88911/parliament-launches-the-daphne-caruana-galizia-journalism-prize">"Parliament launches the Daphne Caruana Galizia journalism prize"</a>. europarl.europa.eu. 16 October 2020. Retrieved 5 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=europarl.europa.eu&rft.atitle=Parliament+launches+the+Daphne+Caruana+Galizia+journalism+prize&rft.date=2020-10-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.europarl.europa.eu%2Fnews%2Fen%2Fheadlines%2Fsociety%2F20201009STO88911%2Fparliament-launches-the-daphne-caruana-galizia-journalism-prize&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Parliament" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/headlines/society/20201009STO88911/daphne-caruana-galizia-journalism-prize-goes-to-pegasus-project">"Daphne Caruana Galizia journalism prize goes to Pegasus Project"</a>. European Parliament. 16 October 2020. Retrieved 23 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Daphne+Caruana+Galizia+journalism+prize+goes+to+Pegasus+Project&rft.pub=European+Parliament&rft.date=2020-10-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.europarl.europa.eu%2Fnews%2Fen%2Fheadlines%2Fsociety%2F20201009STO88911%2Fdaphne-caruana-galizia-journalism-prize-goes-to-pegasus-project&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Parliament" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Parliament&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAttwool2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Elspeth_Attwooll" title="Elspeth Attwooll">Attwool, Elspeth</a> (2000). To the Power of Ten: UK Liberal Democrats in the European Parliament (Centre for Reform Papers). <a href="/wiki/Open_Europe" title="Open Europe">Open Europe</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-902622-17-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-902622-17-0"><bdi>978-1-902622-17-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=To+the+Power+of+Ten%3A+UK+Liberal+Democrats+in+the+European+Parliament+%28Centre+for+Reform+Papers%29&rft.pub=Open+Europe&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-902622-17-0&rft.aulast=Attwool&rft.aufirst=Elspeth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Parliament" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButlerMartin_Westlake2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Butler_(academic)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Butler (academic)">Butler, David</a>; Martin Westlake (2005). British Politics and European Election. London: <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4039-3585-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4039-3585-4"><bdi>978-1-4039-3585-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Politics+and+European+Election&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-4039-3585-4&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Martin+Westlake&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Parliament" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorbettJacobsShackleton2016" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Corbett" title="Richard Corbett">Corbett, Richard</a>; Jacobs, Francis; Shackleton, Michael (2016). The European Parliament (9th ed.). London: John Harper Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9564508-5-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9564508-5-2"><bdi>978-0-9564508-5-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+European+Parliament&rft.place=London&rft.edition=9th&rft.pub=John+Harper+Publishing&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-9564508-5-2&rft.aulast=Corbett&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Jacobs%2C+Francis&rft.au=Shackleton%2C+Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Parliament" class="Z3988"> The same three co-authors have written every edition since the first in 1990.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorbett1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Corbett" title="Richard Corbett">Corbett, Richard</a> (June 1998). The European Parliament's Role in Closer EU Integration. LBasingstoke: <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0333722527" title="Special:BookSources/978-0333722527"><bdi>978-0333722527</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+European+Parliament%27s+Role+in+Closer+EU+Integration&rft.place=LBasingstoke&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=1998-06&rft.isbn=978-0333722527&rft.aulast=Corbett&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Parliament" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarrellRoger_Scully2007" class="citation book cs1">Farrell, David; <a href="/wiki/Roger_Scully" class="mw-redirect" title="Roger Scully">Roger Scully</a> (2007). Representing Europe's Citizens?: Electoral Institutions and the Failure of Parliamentary Representation. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-928502-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-928502-0"><bdi>978-0-19-928502-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Representing+Europe%27s+Citizens%3F%3A+Electoral+Institutions+and+the+Failure+of+Parliamentary+Representation&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-19-928502-0&rft.aulast=Farrell&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Roger+Scully&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Parliament" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazzola2006" class="citation journal cs1">Gazzola, Michele (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:110594">"Managing Multilingualism in the European Union: Language Policy Evaluation for the European Parliament"</a>. Language Policy. 5 (4): 393–417. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10993-006-9032-5">10.1007/s10993-006-9032-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:53576362">53576362</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Language+Policy&rft.atitle=Managing+Multilingualism+in+the+European+Union%3A+Language+Policy+Evaluation+for+the+European+Parliament&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=393-417&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10993-006-9032-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A53576362%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Gazzola&rft.aufirst=Michele&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive-ouverte.unige.ch%2Funige%3A110594&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Parliament" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHixNouryRoland2007" class="citation book cs1">Hix, Simon; Noury, Abdul; Roland, Gérard (2007). Democratic Politics in the European Parliament (Themes in European Governance). Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-69460-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-69460-5"><bdi>978-0-521-69460-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Democratic+Politics+in+the+European+Parliament+%28Themes+in+European+Governance%29&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-521-69460-5&rft.aulast=Hix&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft.au=Noury%2C+Abdul&rft.au=Roland%2C+G%C3%A9rard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Parliament" class="Z3988"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://emlab.berkeley.edu/users/groland/pubs/HNR-Democracy_in_the_EP-11July05.pdf">draft version on-line</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHixNouryRoland2006" class="citation journal cs1">Hix, Simon; Noury, Abdul; Roland, Gérard (April 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210301120342/https://personal.lse.ac.uk/hix/Working_Papers/Hix_et_al_ajps_2006.pdf">"Dimensions of politics in the European Parliament"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/American_Journal_of_Political_Science" title="American Journal of Political Science">American Journal of Political Science</a>. 50 (2): 494–520. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1540-5907.2006.00198.x">10.1111/j.1540-5907.2006.00198.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3694286">3694286</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:56074538">56074538</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://personal.lse.ac.uk/hix/Working_Papers/Hix_et_al_ajps_2006.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 1 March 2021. Retrieved 27 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Political+Science&rft.atitle=Dimensions+of+politics+in+the+European+Parliament&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=494-520&rft.date=2006-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A56074538%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3694286%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1540-5907.2006.00198.x&rft.aulast=Hix&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft.au=Noury%2C+Abdul&rft.au=Roland%2C+G%C3%A9rard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpersonal.lse.ac.uk%2Fhix%2FWorking_Papers%2FHix_et_al_ajps_2006.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Parliament" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoskynsMichael_Newman2000" class="citation book cs1">Hoskyns, Catherine; Michael Newman (2000). Democratizing the European Union: Issues for the twenty-first Century (Perspectives on Democratization). <a href="/wiki/Manchester_University_Press" title="Manchester University Press">Manchester University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-5666-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-5666-6"><bdi>978-0-7190-5666-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Democratizing+the+European+Union%3A+Issues+for+the+twenty-first+Century+%28Perspectives+on+Democratization%29&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-5666-6&rft.aulast=Hoskyns&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft.au=Michael+Newman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Parliament" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKreppel2001" class="citation book cs1">Kreppel, Amie (2001). The European Parliament and Supranational Party System: A Study in Institutional Development (Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics). Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-00079-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-00079-6"><bdi>978-0-521-00079-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+European+Parliament+and+Supranational+Party+System%3A+A+Study+in+Institutional+Development+%28Cambridge+Studies+in+Comparative+Politics%29&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-521-00079-6&rft.aulast=Kreppel&rft.aufirst=Amie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Parliament" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_der_Laan2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lousewies_van_der_Laan" title="Lousewies van der Laan">Van der Laan, Lousewies</a> (2003). The Case For a Stronger European Parliament. London: Centre for European Reform. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-901229-49-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-901229-49-3"><bdi>978-1-901229-49-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Case+For+a+Stronger+European+Parliament&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Centre+for+European+Reform&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-901229-49-3&rft.aulast=Van+der+Laan&rft.aufirst=Lousewies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Parliament" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLodge2005" class="citation book cs1">Lodge, Juliet (23 June 2005). The 2004 Elections to the European Parliament. London: <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4039-3518-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4039-3518-2"><bdi>978-1-4039-3518-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+2004+Elections+to+the+European+Parliament&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2005-06-23&rft.isbn=978-1-4039-3518-2&rft.aulast=Lodge&rft.aufirst=Juliet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Parliament" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Lodge, Juliet, ed. The 2009 Elections to the European Parliament (Palgrave Macmillan; 2011) 327 pages</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaierTenscher2006" class="citation book cs1">Maier, Michaela; Tenscher, Jens (2006). Campaigning in Europe, Campaigning for Europe: Political Parties, Campaigns, Mass Media and the European Parliament Elections 2004 (Medien). Lit Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8258-9322-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8258-9322-4"><bdi>978-3-8258-9322-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Campaigning+in+Europe%2C+Campaigning+for+Europe%3A+Political+Parties%2C+Campaigns%2C+Mass+Media+and+the+European+Parliament+Elections+2004+%28Medien%29&rft.pub=Lit+Verlag&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-3-8258-9322-4&rft.aulast=Maier&rft.aufirst=Michaela&rft.au=Tenscher%2C+Jens&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Parliament" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRittberger2007" class="citation book cs1">Rittberger, Berthold (2007). Building Europe's Parliament: Democratic Representation Beyond the Nation State. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-923199-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-923199-7"><bdi>978-0-19-923199-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Building+Europe%27s+Parliament%3A+Democratic+Representation+Beyond+the+Nation+State&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-19-923199-7&rft.aulast=Rittberger&rft.aufirst=Berthold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Parliament" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Sabbati, Giulio (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document.html?reference=EPRS_BRI(2015)545725">European Parliament: Facts and Figures</a>. European Parliament – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europarl.europa.eu/atyourservice/en/20150201PVL00031/European-Parliamentary-Research-Service">European Parliamentary Research Service (EPRS)</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmitter2000" class="citation book cs1">Schmitter, Philippe (2000). How to Democratize the EU ... and Why Bother? (Governance in Europe). <a href="/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield" title="Rowman & Littlefield">Rowman & Littlefield</a> Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8476-9905-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8476-9905-6"><bdi>978-0-8476-9905-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+to+Democratize+the+EU+...+and+Why+Bother%3F+%28Governance+in+Europe%29&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield+Publishers&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8476-9905-6&rft.aulast=Schmitter&rft.aufirst=Philippe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Parliament" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScully2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Scully" class="mw-redirect" title="Roger Scully">Scully</a>, Roger (2005). Becoming European?: Attitudes, Behaviour, and Socialization in the European Parliament. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-928432-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-928432-0"><bdi>978-0-19-928432-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Becoming+European%3F%3A+Attitudes%2C+Behaviour%2C+and+Socialization+in+the+European+Parliament&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-19-928432-0&rft.aulast=Scully&rft.aufirst=Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Parliament" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSerodesHeinz2013" class="citation book cs1">Serodes, Fabrice; Heinz, Michel (2013). Le Parlement européen. Foreword by Martin Schulz. Paris: Nane Editions. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-84368-100-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-84368-100-4"><bdi>978-2-84368-100-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+Parlement+europ%C3%A9en&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Nane+Editions&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-2-84368-100-4&rft.aulast=Serodes&rft.aufirst=Fabrice&rft.au=Heinz%2C+Michel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Parliament" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1999" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Julie (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/europeanparliame0000judg">Europe's Elected Parliament (Contemporary European Studies)</a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Continuum_International_Publishing_Group" title="Continuum International Publishing Group">Continuum International Publishing Group</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-333-59874-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-333-59874-0"><bdi>978-0-333-59874-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Europe%27s+Elected+Parliament+%28Contemporary+European+Studies%29&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Continuum+International+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-333-59874-0&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Julie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Feuropeanparliame0000judg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Parliament" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteuenbergJacques_Thomassen2002" class="citation book cs1">Steuenberg, Bernard; <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Thomassen" title="Jacques Thomassen">Jacques Thomassen</a> (2002). The European Parliament on the Move: Toward Parliamentary Democracy in Europe (Governance in Europe). <a href="/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield" title="Rowman & Littlefield">Rowman & Littlefield</a> Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-0126-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-0126-3"><bdi>978-0-7425-0126-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+European+Parliament+on+the+Move%3A+Toward+Parliamentary+Democracy+in+Europe+%28Governance+in+Europe%29&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield+Publishers&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7425-0126-3&rft.aulast=Steuenberg&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft.au=Jacques+Thomassen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Parliament" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Dick Toornstra; Christian Meseth (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130511175820/http://www.europarl.europa.eu/pdf/oppd/Page_1/OPPD_EP_GUIDE_for_webFINAL_EN.pdf">Inside the European Parliament: A guide to its parliamentary and administrative structures</a>. European Parliament – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130412152839/http://www.europarl.europa.eu/oppd/">Office for Promotion of Parliamentary Democracy (OPPD)</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatson2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Graham_Watson" title="Graham Watson">Watson, Graham</a> (2004). EU've Got Mail!: Liberal Letters from the European Parliament. Bagehot Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9545745-1-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9545745-1-2"><bdi>978-0-9545745-1-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=EU%27ve+Got+Mail%21%3A+Liberal+Letters+from+the+European+Parliament&rft.pub=Bagehot+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-9545745-1-2&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=Graham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Parliament" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodBirol_A._Yesilada2007" class="citation book cs1">Wood, David M.; Birol A. Yesilada (2007). The Emerging European Union (4th Ed.). Pearson Longman. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-321-43941-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-321-43941-3"><bdi>978-0-321-43941-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Emerging+European+Union+%284th+Ed.%29&rft.pub=Pearson+Longman&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-321-43941-3&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rft.au=Birol+A.+Yesilada&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Parliament" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Parliament&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=European_Union&#124;link=European_Union_European_Parliament" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Parliament" title="Template:European Parliament"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_Parliament" title="Template talk:European Parliament"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Parliament" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Parliament"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=European_Union&#124;link=European_Union_European_Parliament" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">European Parliament</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Bureau of the European Parliament">Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committees_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Committees of the European Parliament">Committees and Delegations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conference_of_Presidents_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Conference of Presidents of the European Parliament">Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">MEPs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Parliament" title="President of the European Parliament">President</a> (<a href="/wiki/Roberta_Metsola" title="Roberta Metsola">Roberta Metsola</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaestor_(European_Parliament)" title="Quaestor (European Parliament)">Quaestor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapporteur" title="Rapporteur">Rapporteur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Secretariat of the European Parliament">Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice-President_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Vice-President of the European Parliament">Vice-Presidents</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:EP_logo_CMYK_EN.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/EP_logo_CMYK_EN.svg/150px-EP_logo_CMYK_EN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/EP_logo_CMYK_EN.svg/225px-EP_logo_CMYK_EN.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/EP_logo_CMYK_EN.svg/300px-EP_logo_CMYK_EN.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="170" data-file-height="120" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conference_of_Parliamentary_Committees_for_Union_Affairs_of_Parliaments_of_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Conference of Parliamentary Committees for Union Affairs of Parliaments of the European Union">COSAC</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_parliaments_of_the_European_Union" title="National parliaments of the European Union">National parliaments</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_groups_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Political groups of the European Parliament">Groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_political_party" title="European political party">Parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_working_group_on_parliamentary_reform" title="Special working group on parliamentary reform">Reform working group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Elections_to_the_European_Parliament" title="Elections to the European Parliament">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election" title="1979 European Parliament election">1979</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=First_European_Parliament&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="First European Parliament (page does not exist)">session</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament,_1979%E2%80%931984" class="mw-redirect" title="List of members of the European Parliament, 1979–1984">members</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election" title="1984 European Parliament election">1984</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_European_Parliament&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second European Parliament (page does not exist)">session</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament,_1984%E2%80%931989" class="mw-redirect" title="List of members of the European Parliament, 1984–1989">members</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election" title="1989 European Parliament election">1989</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_European_Parliament&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Third European Parliament (page does not exist)">session</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament,_1989%E2%80%931994" class="mw-redirect" title="List of members of the European Parliament, 1989–1994">members</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election" title="1994 European Parliament election">1994</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fourth_European_Parliament&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fourth European Parliament (page does not exist)">session</a> / <a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_European_Parliament_1994%E2%80%931999" class="mw-redirect" title="Members of the European Parliament 1994–1999">members</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election" title="1999 European Parliament election">1999</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fifth_European_Parliament" title="Fifth European Parliament">session</a> / <a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_European_Parliament_1999%E2%80%932004" class="mw-redirect" title="Members of the European Parliament 1999–2004">members</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election" title="2004 European Parliament election">2004</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sixth_European_Parliament" title="Sixth European Parliament">session</a> / <a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_European_Parliament_2004%E2%80%932009" class="mw-redirect" title="Members of the European Parliament 2004–2009">members</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election" title="2009 European Parliament election">2009</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seventh_European_Parliament" title="Seventh European Parliament">session</a> / <a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_European_Parliament_2009%E2%80%932014" class="mw-redirect" title="Members of the European Parliament 2009–2014">members</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election" title="2014 European Parliament election">2014</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eighth_European_Parliament" title="Eighth European Parliament">session</a> / <a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_European_Parliament_2014%E2%80%932019" class="mw-redirect" title="Members of the European Parliament 2014–2019">members</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election" title="2019 European Parliament election">2019</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ninth_European_Parliament" title="Ninth European Parliament">session</a> / <a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_European_Parliament_2019%E2%80%932024" class="mw-redirect" title="Members of the European Parliament 2019–2024">members</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election" title="2024 European Parliament election">2024</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tenth_European_Parliament" title="Tenth European Parliament">session</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Members_of_the_European_Parliament_2024%E2%80%932029&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Members of the European Parliament 2024–2029 (page does not exist)">members</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apportionment_in_the_European_Parliament" title="Apportionment in the European Parliament">Apportionment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament_constituency" title="European Parliament constituency">Constituencies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intergroups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crocodile_Club" title="Crocodile Club">Crocodile Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinelli_Group" title="Spinelli Group">Spinelli Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paneuropean_Working_Group" title="Paneuropean Working Group">Paneuropean Working Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament_Intergroup_on_long_term_investment_and_reindustrialisation" title="European Parliament Intergroup on long term investment and reindustrialisation"> Intergroup on long term investment and reindustrialisation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Institutional_seats_of_the_European_Union" title="Institutional seats of the European Union">Seats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_institutions_in_Strasbourg" title="European institutions in Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seat_of_the_European_Parliament_in_Strasbourg" title="Seat of the European Parliament in Strasbourg">Buildings</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brussels_and_the_European_Union" title="Brussels and the European Union">Brussels</a> (<a href="/wiki/Espace_L%C3%A9opold" title="Espace Léopold">Buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esplanade_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Esplanade of the European Parliament">Esplanade</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament_in_Luxembourg" title="European Parliament in Luxembourg">Luxembourg buildings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_European_Union" title="History of the European Union">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Assizes" title="European Assizes">Assizes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santer_Commission#Budget_controversy" title="Santer Commission">Budget controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barroso_Commission#Commissioner_hearings" title="Barroso Commission">Buttiglione controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Future_of_Europe" title="Convention on the Future of Europe">European Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_parliamentary_meeting_on_the_Future_of_Europe" title="Joint parliamentary meeting on the Future of Europe">Joint parliamentary meeting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prizes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Charlemagne_Youth_Prize" title="European Charlemagne Youth Prize">Charlemagne Youth Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Citizens%27_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="European Citizens' Prize">European Citizens' Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakharov_Prize" title="Sakharov Prize">Sakharov Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lux_Prize" title="Lux Prize">Lux Prize</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Simulations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Youth_Parliament" title="European Youth Parliament">European Youth Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_European_Parliament" title="Model European Parliament">Model European Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_European_Union_Strasbourg" title="Model European Union Strasbourg">Model European Union Strasbourg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EuroparlTV" title="EuroparlTV">EuroparlTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union_(European_Union)" title="State of the Union (European Union)">State of the Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:European_Union" title="Portal:European Union">European Union Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_legislatures_in_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Parliaments_in_Europe" title="Template:Parliaments in Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Parliaments_in_Europe" title="Template talk:Parliaments in Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Parliaments_in_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Parliaments in Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_legislatures_in_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">National legislatures in Europe</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Albania" title="Parliament of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Council_(Andorra)" title="General Council (Andorra)">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Armenia)" title="National Assembly (Armenia)">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Parliament" title="Austrian Parliament">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Azerbaijan)" title="National Assembly (Azerbaijan)">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_the_Republic_of_Belarus" title="National Assembly of the Republic of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Federal_Parliament" title="Belgian Federal Parliament">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Assembly_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Bulgaria)" title="National Assembly (Bulgaria)">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Parliament" title="Croatian Parliament">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Cyprus)" title="House of Representatives (Cyprus)">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Parliament of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folketing" title="Folketing">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riigikogu" title="Riigikogu">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Finland" title="Parliament of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Parliament" title="French Parliament">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Georgia" title="Parliament of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Parliament" title="Hellenic Parliament">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Hungary)" title="National Assembly (Hungary)">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Althing" title="Althing">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oireachtas" title="Oireachtas">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Parliament" title="Italian Parliament">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Kazakhstan" title="Parliament of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saeima" title="Saeima">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Liechtenstein" title="Landtag of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seimas" title="Seimas">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Luxembourg)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Luxembourg)">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Malta" title="Parliament of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Moldova" title="Parliament of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Monaco)" title="National Council (Monaco)">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Montenegro" title="Parliament of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_General_of_the_Netherlands" title="States General of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_North_Macedonia" title="Assembly of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storting" title="Storting">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Poland" title="Parliament of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_Republic_(Portugal)" title="Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Romania" title="Parliament of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Assembly_(Russia)" title="Federal Assembly (Russia)">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_and_General_Council" title="Grand and General Council">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Serbia)" title="National Assembly (Serbia)">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Slovakia)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Council (Slovakia)">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Parliament" title="Slovenian Parliament">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortes_Generales" title="Cortes Generales">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riksdag" title="Riksdag">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Assembly_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Assembly (Switzerland)">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_National_Assembly_of_Turkey" title="Grand National Assembly of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada" title="Verkhovna Rada">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Assembly" title="Northern Ireland Assembly">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Parliament" title="Scottish Parliament">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senedd" title="Senedd">Wales</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_for_Vatican_City_State" title="Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Assembly_of_Abkhazia" title="People's Assembly of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_Republic_of_Kosovo" title="Assembly of the Republic of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_Republic_(Northern_Cyprus)" title="Assembly of the Republic (Northern Cyprus)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_South_Ossetia" title="Parliament of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_(Transnistria)" title="Supreme Council (Transnistria)">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_%C3%85land" title="Parliament of Åland">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%B8gting" title="Løgting">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Parliament" title="Gibraltar Parliament">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_of_Guernsey" title="States of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tynwald" title="Tynwald">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_Assembly" title="States Assembly">Jersey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_European_Union" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_European_Union" title="Template:Orders, decorations, and medals of the European Union"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_European_Union" title="Template talk:Orders, decorations, and medals of the European Union"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_European_Union" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Orders, decorations, and medals of the European Union"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_European_Union" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_European_Union" title="Category:Orders, decorations, and medals of the European Union">Orders, decorations, and medals of the European Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Including its predecessor, the <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">European Economic Community</a> (1958–1993/2009)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="European_Parliament" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">European Parliament</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sakharov_Prize" title="Sakharov Prize">Sakharov Prize‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Charlemagne_Youth_Prize" title="European Charlemagne Youth Prize">European Charlemagne Youth Prize</a> <ul><li>See also: <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne_Prize" title="Charlemagne Prize">Charlemagne Prize</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Citizens%27_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="European Citizens' Prize">European Citizens' Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lux_Prize" title="Lux Prize">Lux Prize</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Community_Monitor_Mission_Medal" title="European Community Monitor Mission Medal">European Community Monitor Mission Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Monitoring_Mission_Medal" title="European Union Monitoring Mission Medal">European Union Monitoring Mission Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy_Service_Medal" title="Common Security and Defence Policy Service Medal">CSDP Medal</a> for <a href="/wiki/Operation_Artemis" title="Operation Artemis">Operation Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy_Service_Medal" title="Common Security and Defence Policy Service Medal">CSDP Medal</a> for <a href="/wiki/EUFOR_Althea" class="mw-redirect" title="EUFOR Althea">EUFOR Althea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy_Service_Medal" title="Common Security and Defence Policy Service Medal">CSDP Medal</a> for <a href="/wiki/African_Union_Mission_in_Sudan" title="African Union Mission in Sudan">EU Support to AMIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy_Service_Medal" title="Common Security and Defence Policy Service Medal">CSDP Medal</a> for <a href="/wiki/European_Union_Monitoring_Mission_in_Aceh" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union Monitoring Mission in Aceh">European Union AMM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy_Service_Medal" title="Common Security and Defence Policy Service Medal">CSDP Medal</a> for <a href="/wiki/EUFOR_RD_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="EUFOR RD Congo">EUFOR RD Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy_Service_Medal" title="Common Security and Defence Policy Service Medal">CSDP Medal</a> for <a href="/wiki/EUFOR_Tchad/RCA" class="mw-redirect" title="EUFOR Tchad/RCA">EUFOR Tchad/RCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy_Service_Medal" title="Common Security and Defence Policy Service Medal">CSDP Medal</a> for <a href="/wiki/Operation_Atalanta" title="Operation Atalanta">EUNAVFOR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_European_Union_Mission_Service_Medal" title="Western European Union Mission Service Medal">Western European Union Mission Service Medal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/16px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/24px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/32px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:European_Union" title="Portal:European Union">European Union portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="European_Union_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Union_topics" title="Template:European Union topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_Union_topics" title="Template talk:European Union topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Union_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Union topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="European_Union_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_European_Union" title="History of the European Union">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_European_Union_history" title="Timeline of European Union history">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ideas_of_European_unity_before_1948" title="Ideas of European unity before 1948">Ideas of European unity before 1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founding_fathers_of_the_European_Union" title="Founding fathers of the European Union">Founders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_European_integration_(1948%E2%80%931957)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the European integration (1948–1957)">1948–1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_European_Communities_(1958%E2%80%931972)" title="History of the European Communities (1958–1972)">1958–1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_European_Communities_(1973%E2%80%931993)" title="History of the European Communities (1973–1993)">1973–1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_European_Union_(1993%E2%80%932004)" title="History of the European Union (1993–2004)">1993–2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_European_Union_since_2004" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the European Union since 2004">Since 2004</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Predecessors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy" title="Common Security and Defence Policy">Defence policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Union_(alliance)" title="Western Union (alliance)">Western Union (1948–1954)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_European_Union" title="Western European Union">Western European Union (1954–2011)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Communities" title="European Communities">European Communities (1967–2009)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Authority_for_the_Ruhr" title="International Authority for the Ruhr">International Authority for the Ruhr (1949–1951)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Coal_and_Steel_Community" title="European Coal and Steel Community">European Coal and Steel Community (1951–2002)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">European Economic Community (1958–1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="European Community">European Community (1993–2009)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Atomic_Energy_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="European Atomic Energy Community">European Atomic Energy Community (est. 1958)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Central_Bank" title="European Central Bank">Central bank</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Monetary_Cooperation_Fund" title="European Monetary Cooperation Fund">European Monetary Cooperation Fund (1973–1994)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Monetary_Institute" title="European Monetary Institute">European Monetary Institute (1994–1998)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Stability_Mechanism" title="European Stability Mechanism">Financial stability</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Financial_Stability_Facility" title="European Financial Stability Facility">European Financial Stability Facility (2010–2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Financial_Stability_Mechanism" class="mw-redirect" title="European Financial Stability Mechanism">European Financial Stability Mechanism (2010–2012)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Enlargement of the European Union">Enlargements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_Territory_of_Trieste#Dissolution" title="Free Territory of Trieste">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_enlargement_of_the_European_Communities" title="1973 enlargement of the European Communities">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_enlargement_of_the_European_Communities" title="1981 enlargement of the European Communities">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_enlargement_of_the_European_Communities" title="1986 enlargement of the European Communities">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="1995 enlargement of the European Union">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="2004 enlargement of the European Union">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="2007 enlargement of the European Union">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="2013 enlargement of the European Union">2013</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_from_the_European_Union" title="Withdrawal from the European Union">Withdrawals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89vian_Accords" title="Évian Accords">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_Greenland_from_the_European_Communities" title="Withdrawal of Greenland from the European Communities">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon#After_1945" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy#21st_century" title="Saint Barthélemy">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">2020</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_European_Union" title="Geography of the European Union">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_European_Union" title="Geography of the European Union">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_European_Union" title="Demographics of the European Union">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/External_border_of_the_European_Union" title="External border of the European Union">External border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_the_European_Union" title="Environmental issues in the European Union">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_the_European_Union" title="Extreme points of the European Union">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geographical_midpoint_of_Europe#Geographic_centre_of_the_European_Union" title="Geographical midpoint of Europe">Geographic centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larger_urban_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Larger urban zone">Larger urban zones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union" title="Member state of the European Union">Member states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_the_European_Union" title="Protected areas of the European Union">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First-level_NUTS_of_the_European_Union" title="First-level NUTS of the European Union">Regions (first-level NUTS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_territories_of_members_of_the_European_Economic_Area" title="Special territories of members of the European Economic Area">Special territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_statistics" title="European Union statistics">Statistics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bodies_of_the_European_Union_and_the_Euratom" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodies of the European Union and the Euratom">Bodies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Institutions_of_the_European_Union" title="Institutions of the European Union">Institutions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">European Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Parliament" title="President of the European Parliament">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice-President_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Vice-President of the European Parliament">Vice-Presidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Secretariat of the European Parliament">Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committees_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Committees of the European Parliament">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_to_the_European_Parliament" title="Elections to the European Parliament">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament_constituency" title="European Parliament constituency">Constituencies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_groups_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Political groups of the European Parliament">Political groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_political_party" title="European political party">European political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_political_foundation" title="European political foundation">European political foundations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Council of the European Union">Council of the European Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Presidency of the Council of the European Union">Presidency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Secretariat_of_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" title="General Secretariat of the Council of the European Union">General Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurogroup" title="Eurogroup">Eurogroup</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">Executive</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Council" title="President of the European Council">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro_summit" title="Euro summit">Euro summit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Commission" title="President of the European Commission">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice-President_of_the_European_Commission" title="Vice-President of the European Commission">Vice-Presidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Commissioners_by_nationality" class="mw-redirect" title="List of European Commissioners by nationality">Commissioners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate-General" title="Directorate-General">Directorates-General</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">Judiciary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Justice_of_the_European_Union" title="Court of Justice of the European Union">Court of Justice of the European Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Justice" title="European Court of Justice">Court of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Court_(European_Union)" title="General Court (European Union)">General Court</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_bank" title="Central bank">Central bank</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Central_Bank" title="European Central Bank">European Central Bank</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Central_Bank" title="President of the European Central Bank">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_System_of_Central_Banks" title="European System of Central Banks">System of Central Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurosystem" title="Eurosystem">Eurosystem</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_audit_institution" title="Supreme audit institution">Supreme audit institution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Auditors" title="European Court of Auditors">European Court of Auditors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_European_Court_of_Auditors" title="Secretary-General of the European Court of Auditors">Secretary-General</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other international-law EU bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Atomic_Energy_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="European Atomic Energy Community">European Atomic Energy Community</a></li> <li>EIB Group <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Investment_Bank" title="European Investment Bank">European Investment Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Investment_Fund" title="European Investment Fund">European Investment Fund</a></li> <li>EIB Institute</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_University_Institute" title="European University Institute">European University Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Stability_Mechanism" title="European Stability Mechanism">European Stability Mechanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Patent_Court" title="Unified Patent Court">Unified Patent Court</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent offices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Ombudsman" title="European Ombudsman">European Ombudsman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Data_Protection_Supervisor" title="European Data Protection Supervisor">European Data Protection Supervisor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agencies_of_the_European_Union" title="Agencies of the European Union">Agencies of the European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Advisory bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Committee_of_the_Regions" title="European Committee of the Regions">European Committee of the Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_and_Social_Committee" title="European Economic and Social Committee">European Economic and Social Committee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_and_Security_Committee" title="Political and Security Committee">Political and Security Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Military_Committee" title="European Union Military Committee">European Union Military Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Military_Staff" title="European Union Military Staff">European Union Military Staff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Union_law" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union law">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acquis_communautaire" title="Acquis communautaire">Acquis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charter_of_Fundamental_Rights_of_the_European_Union" title="Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union">Charter of Fundamental Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_competition_law" title="European Union competition law">Competition law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_law_of_the_European_Union" title="Copyright law of the European Union">Copyright law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directive_(European_Union)" title="Directive (European Union)">Directive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citizens%27_Rights_Directive" title="Citizens' Rights Directive">Citizens' Rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanism_for_Cooperation_and_Verification" title="Mechanism for Cooperation and Verification">Mechanism for Cooperation and Verification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Journal_of_the_European_Union" title="Official Journal of the European Union">Official Journal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_legislative_procedure" title="European Union legislative procedure">Legislative procedure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Citizens%27_Initiative" title="European Citizens' Initiative">Citizens' Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulation_(European_Union)" title="Regulation (European Union)">Regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the European Union">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_cooperation" title="Enhanced cooperation">Enhanced cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaties_of_the_European_Union" title="Treaties of the European Union">Treaties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opt-outs_in_the_European_Union" title="Opt-outs in the European Union">opt-outs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_from_the_European_Union" title="Withdrawal from the European Union">Withdrawal</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_European_Union" title="Economy of the European Union">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Budget_of_the_European_Union" title="Budget of the European Union">Budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currencies_of_the_European_Union" title="Currencies of the European Union">Currencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_preference_(EU)" class="mw-redirect" title="Community preference (EU)">Community preference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_procurement_in_the_European_Union" title="Government procurement in the European Union">Government procurement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone">Eurozone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_status_and_usage_of_the_euro" title="International status and usage of the euro">International status and usage</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Transport" title="European Commissioner for Transport">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TRACECA" title="TRACECA">TRACECA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Union_member_states_by_minimum_wage" title="List of European Union member states by minimum wage">Minimum wage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_countries_by_average_wage" title="List of European countries by average wage">Average wage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Union_member_states_by_unemployment_rate" title="List of European Union member states by unemployment rate">Unemployment rate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Union_member_states_by_health_expense_per_person" title="List of European Union member states by health expense per person">Health expense per person</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_European_Union" title="Politics of the European Union">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_integration" title="European integration">European integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurosphere" title="Eurosphere">Eurosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intergovernmentalism" title="Intergovernmentalism">Intergovernmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-speed_Europe" title="Multi-speed Europe">Multi-speed Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neofunctionalism" title="Neofunctionalism">Neofunctionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optimum_currency_area" title="Optimum currency area">Optimum currency area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supranational_union" title="Supranational union">Supranational union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euroscepticism" title="Euroscepticism">Euroscepticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euromyth" title="Euromyth">Euromyths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="European Federation">Federalisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-Europeanism" title="Pro-Europeanism">Pro-Europeanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_legitimacy_of_the_European_Union" title="Democratic legitimacy of the European Union">Democratic legitimacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Differentiated_integration" title="Differentiated integration">Differentiated integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privileged_partnership" title="Privileged partnership">Privileged partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potential_superpower#European_Union" title="Potential superpower">Potential superpower status</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Policies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Area_of_freedom,_security_and_justice" title="Area of freedom, security and justice">Area of freedom, security and justice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Migration_and_asylum_policy_of_the_European_Union" title="Migration and asylum policy of the European Union">Migration and asylum policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Judicial_Network" title="European Judicial Network">European Judicial Network</a> (criminal matters)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Judicial_Network_in_civil_and_commercial_matters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="European Judicial Network in civil and commercial matters (page does not exist)">European Judicial Network in civil and commercial matters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizenship_of_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Citizenship of the European Union">Citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passports_of_the_European_Union" title="Passports of the European Union">passports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_identity_card" class="mw-redirect" title="European identity card">identity card</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_identity_cards_in_the_European_Economic_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="National identity cards in the European Economic Area">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_driving_licence" title="European driving licence">Driving licence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Vehicle registration plates of the European Union">Vehicle registration plates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Foreign_and_Security_Policy" title="Common Foreign and Security Policy">Common Foreign and Security Policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy" title="Common Security and Defence Policy">Common Security and Defence Policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Structured_Cooperation" title="Permanent Structured Cooperation">Permanent Structured Cooperation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Enlargement of the European Union">Enlargement Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Neighbourhood_Policy" title="European Neighbourhood Policy">Neighbourhood Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Global_Strategy" title="European Union Global Strategy">Global Strategy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Monetary_Union_of_the_European_Union" title="Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union">Economic and Monetary Union (EMU)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone">Eurozone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_banking_union" title="European banking union">European banking union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Banking_Supervision" title="European Banking Supervision">European Banking Supervision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_Resolution_Mechanism" title="Single Resolution Mechanism">Single Resolution Mechanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_Markets_Union" title="Capital Markets Union">Capital Markets Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_System_of_Financial_Supervision" title="European System of Financial Supervision">European System of Financial Supervision</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Single_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="European Single Market">Single market</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_Agricultural_Policy" title="Common Agricultural Policy">Agricultural policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_policies_of_the_European_Union" title="Cultural policies of the European Union">Cultural policies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Customs_Union" title="European Union Customs Union">Customs Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_policies_and_initiatives_of_the_European_Union" title="Educational policies and initiatives of the European Union">Educational policies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_European_Union" title="Energy policy of the European Union">Energy policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_European_Union" title="Environmental policy of the European Union">Environmental policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Green_Deal" title="European Green Deal">European Green Deal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Fisheries_Policy" title="Common Fisheries Policy">Fisheries policy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HealthCare_in_the_European_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HealthCare in the European Union (page does not exist)">Healthcare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Health_Insurance_Card" title="European Health Insurance Card">Health Insurance Card</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_movement_for_workers_in_the_European_Union" title="Freedom of movement for workers in the European Union">Labour mobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_policy_of_the_European_Union" title="Regional policy of the European Union">Regional development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Structural_and_Investment_Funds" title="European Structural and Investment Funds">European Structural and Investment Funds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Space_Programme" title="European Union Space Programme">Space policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_policies_of_the_European_Union" title="Sport policies of the European Union">Sport policies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_value_added_tax" title="European Union value added tax">VAT Area</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_European_Union" title="Foreign relations of the European Union">Foreign relations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Neighbourhood_Policy" title="European Neighbourhood Policy">Neighbourhood Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Area" title="European Economic Area">European Economic Area</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EEA_Joint_Committee" title="EEA Joint Committee">EEA Joint Committee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_Community" title="Energy Community">Energy Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Political_Community" title="European Political Community">European Political Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Common_Aviation_Area" title="European Common Aviation Area">European Common Aviation Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Higher_Education_Area" title="European Higher Education Area">European Higher Education Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Space_Programme#EU/ESA_Space_Council" title="European Union Space Programme">EU/ESA Framework Agreement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Space_Programme#EU/ESA_Space_Council" title="European Union Space Programme">EU/ESA Space Council</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Peace_Facility" title="European Peace Facility">European Peace Facility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Partnership_Agreements" title="Economic Partnership Agreements">Economic Partnership Agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Association_Agreement" title="European Union Association Agreement">European Union Association Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stabilisation_and_Association_Process" title="Stabilisation and Association Process">Stabilisation and Association Process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Partnership" title="Eastern Partnership">Eastern Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euronest_Parliamentary_Assembly" title="Euronest Parliamentary Assembly">Euronest Parliamentary Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EU_Gateway_Programme" title="EU Gateway Programme">EU Gateway Programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EU_Strategy_for_the_South_Caucasus" title="EU Strategy for the South Caucasus">EU Strategy for the South Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Dimension" title="Northern Dimension">Northern Dimension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_for_the_Mediterranean" title="Union for the Mediterranean">Union for the Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Global_Strategy" title="European Union Global Strategy">Global Strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_free_trade_agreements" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union free trade agreements">Free trade agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Enlargement of the European Union">Enlargement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Potential enlargement of the European Union">Current agenda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistics_relating_to_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Statistics relating to enlargement of the European Union">Statistics</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cultural_policies_of_the_European_Union" title="Cultural policies of the European Union">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douzelage" title="Douzelage">Douzelage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_European_History" title="House of European History">House of European History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2012 Nobel Peace Prize">2012 Nobel Peace Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_laissez-passer" title="European Union laissez-passer">Laissez-passer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_European_Union" title="Languages of the European Union">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_freedom_in_the_European_Union" title="Media freedom in the European Union">Media freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_European_Union" title="Public holidays in the European Union">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_European_Union" title="Religion in the European Union">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Europe" title="Telephone numbers in Europe">Telephone numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_the_European_Union" title="Symbols of the European Union">Symbols</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:European_Union-related_lists" title="Category:European Union-related lists">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_on_the_European_Union" title="List of books on the European Union">Books on the subject</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Union_directives" title="List of European Union directives">Directives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_European_Union_by_population_within_city_limits" title="List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits">Largest cities by population within city limits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_of_political_parties_in_Europe_by_pancontinental_organisation" title="Table of political parties in Europe by pancontinental organisation">National parties by affiliation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_institutions_of_the_European_Union" title="List of presidents of the institutions of the European Union">Presidents of the institutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Europe" title="Terrorism in Europe">Terrorist incidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_areas_in_the_European_Union" title="List of urban areas in the European Union">Urban areas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_European_Union" title="Outline of the European Union">Outline</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:European_Union" title="Category:European Union">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:European_Union" title="Portal:European Union">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output 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