CINXE.COM
<!doctype html><html lang="en"><head><title data-rh="true">This is good UX writing. Eight principles for every interface… | by Nick DiLallo | UX Collective</title><meta data-rh="true" charset="utf-8"/><meta data-rh="true" name="viewport" content="width=device-width,minimum-scale=1,initial-scale=1,maximum-scale=1"/><meta data-rh="true" name="theme-color" content="#000000"/><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:app:name:iphone" content="Medium"/><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:app:id:iphone" content="828256236"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:ios:app_name" content="Medium"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:ios:app_store_id" content="828256236"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:android:package" content="com.medium.reader"/><meta data-rh="true" property="fb:app_id" content="542599432471018"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:site_name" content="Medium"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:type" content="article"/><meta data-rh="true" property="article:published_time" content="2020-10-04T13:23:01.768Z"/><meta data-rh="true" name="title" content="This is good UX writing. Eight principles for every interface… | by Nick DiLallo | UX Collective"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:title" content="This is good UX writing"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:android:url" content="medium://p/10c4b956a6c3"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:ios:url" content="medium://p/10c4b956a6c3"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:android:app_name" content="Medium"/><meta data-rh="true" name="description" content="A few years ago, someone emailed me with a question: What makes UX writing good? They knew the basics, they said. And they knew what good writing looked like. But they wanted to know specifically…"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:description" content="Eight principles for every interface you’ll ever write."/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:url" content="https://uxdesign.cc/this-is-good-ux-writing-10c4b956a6c3"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:web:url" content="https://uxdesign.cc/this-is-good-ux-writing-10c4b956a6c3"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:image" content="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1200/1*B8TrE0fPkZI43i7JaLAzyw.png"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:image:alt" content="A marker drawing the letters UX."/><meta data-rh="true" property="article:author" content="https://medium.com/@nickdilallo"/><meta data-rh="true" name="author" content="Nick DiLallo"/><meta data-rh="true" name="robots" content="index,noarchive,follow,max-image-preview:large"/><meta data-rh="true" name="referrer" content="unsafe-url"/><meta data-rh="true" property="twitter:title" content="This is good UX writing"/><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:site" content="@uxdesigncc"/><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:app:url:iphone" content="medium://p/10c4b956a6c3"/><meta data-rh="true" property="twitter:description" content="Eight principles for every interface you’ll ever write."/><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:image:src" content="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1200/1*B8TrE0fPkZI43i7JaLAzyw.png"/><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:image:alt" content="A marker drawing the letters UX."/><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:creator" content="@nickdilallo"/><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:label1" content="Reading time"/><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:data1" content="3 min read"/><link data-rh="true" rel="icon" href="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fill:256:256/1*dn6MbbIIlwobt0jnUcrt_Q.png"/><link data-rh="true" rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Medium" href="/osd.xml"/><link data-rh="true" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fill:304:304/10fd5c419ac61637245384e7099e131627900034828f4f386bdaa47a74eae156"/><link data-rh="true" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fill:240:240/10fd5c419ac61637245384e7099e131627900034828f4f386bdaa47a74eae156"/><link data-rh="true" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fill:152:152/10fd5c419ac61637245384e7099e131627900034828f4f386bdaa47a74eae156"/><link data-rh="true" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fill:120:120/10fd5c419ac61637245384e7099e131627900034828f4f386bdaa47a74eae156"/><link data-rh="true" rel="mask-icon" href="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fill:1000:1000/7*GAOKVe--MXbEJmV9230oOQ.png" color="#171717"/><link data-rh="true" id="glyph_preload_link" rel="preload" as="style" type="text/css" href="https://glyph.medium.com/css/unbound.css"/><link data-rh="true" id="glyph_link" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://glyph.medium.com/css/unbound.css"/><link data-rh="true" rel="author" href="https://medium.com/@nickdilallo"/><link data-rh="true" rel="canonical" href="https://uxdesign.cc/this-is-good-ux-writing-10c4b956a6c3"/><link data-rh="true" rel="alternate" href="android-app://com.medium.reader/https/medium.com/p/10c4b956a6c3"/><script data-rh="true" type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\u002F\u002Fschema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","image":["https:\u002F\u002Fmiro.medium.com\u002Fv2\u002Fresize:fit:1200\u002F1*B8TrE0fPkZI43i7JaLAzyw.png"],"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fuxdesign.cc\u002Fthis-is-good-ux-writing-10c4b956a6c3","dateCreated":"2020-09-21T23:30:05.768Z","datePublished":"2020-09-21T23:30:05.768Z","dateModified":"2023-02-14T09:43:21.147Z","headline":"This is good UX writing - UX Collective","name":"This is good UX writing - UX Collective","description":"A few years ago, someone emailed me with a question: What makes UX writing good? They knew the basics, they said. And they knew what good writing looked like. But they wanted to know specifically…","identifier":"10c4b956a6c3","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Nick DiLallo","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fuxdesign.cc\u002F@nickdilallo"},"creator":["Nick DiLallo"],"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"UX Collective","url":"uxdesign.cc","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","width":360,"height":60,"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fmiro.medium.com\u002Fv2\u002Fresize:fit:720\u002F1*9V9oqYyYnfP5yy7cb7YTMQ.png"}},"mainEntityOfPage":"https:\u002F\u002Fuxdesign.cc\u002Fthis-is-good-ux-writing-10c4b956a6c3"}</script><style type="text/css" data-fela-rehydration="579" data-fela-type="STATIC">html{box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}*, *:before, *:after{box-sizing:inherit}body{margin:0;padding:0;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;color:rgba(0,0,0,0.8);position:relative;min-height:100vh}h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, dl, dd, ol, ul, menu, figure, blockquote, p, pre, form{margin:0}menu, ol, ul{padding:0;list-style:none;list-style-image:none}main{display:block}a{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}a, button, input{-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}img, svg{vertical-align:middle}button{background:transparent;overflow:visible}button, input, optgroup, select, textarea{margin:0}:root{--reach-tabs:1;--reach-menu-button:1}#speechify-root{font-family:Sohne, sans-serif}div[data-popper-reference-hidden="true"]{visibility:hidden;pointer-events:none}.grecaptcha-badge{visibility:hidden} /*XCode style (c) Angel Garcia <angelgarcia.mail@gmail.com>*/.hljs {background: #fff;color: black; }/* Gray DOCTYPE selectors like WebKit */ .xml .hljs-meta {color: #c0c0c0; }.hljs-comment, .hljs-quote {color: #007400; }.hljs-tag, .hljs-attribute, .hljs-keyword, .hljs-selector-tag, .hljs-literal, .hljs-name {color: #aa0d91; }.hljs-variable, .hljs-template-variable {color: #3F6E74; }.hljs-code, .hljs-string, .hljs-meta .hljs-string {color: #c41a16; }.hljs-regexp, .hljs-link {color: #0E0EFF; }.hljs-title, .hljs-symbol, .hljs-bullet, .hljs-number {color: #1c00cf; }.hljs-section, .hljs-meta {color: #643820; }.hljs-title.class_, .hljs-class .hljs-title, .hljs-type, .hljs-built_in, .hljs-params {color: #5c2699; }.hljs-attr {color: #836C28; }.hljs-subst {color: #000; }.hljs-formula {background-color: #eee;font-style: italic; }.hljs-addition {background-color: #baeeba; }.hljs-deletion {background-color: #ffc8bd; }.hljs-selector-id, .hljs-selector-class {color: #9b703f; }.hljs-doctag, .hljs-strong {font-weight: bold; }.hljs-emphasis {font-style: italic; } </style><style type="text/css" data-fela-rehydration="579" data-fela-type="KEYFRAME">@-webkit-keyframes k1{0%{opacity:0.8}50%{opacity:0.5}100%{opacity:0.8}}@-moz-keyframes k1{0%{opacity:0.8}50%{opacity:0.5}100%{opacity:0.8}}@keyframes k1{0%{opacity:0.8}50%{opacity:0.5}100%{opacity:0.8}}</style><style type="text/css" data-fela-rehydration="579" data-fela-type="RULE">.a{font-family:medium-content-sans-serif-font, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif}.b{font-weight:400}.c{background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 1)}.l{display:block}.m{position:sticky}.n{top:0}.o{z-index:500}.p{padding:0 24px}.q{align-items:center}.r{border-bottom:solid 1px #F2F2F2}.y{height:41px}.z{line-height:20px}.ab{display:flex}.ac{height:57px}.ae{flex:1 0 auto}.af{color:inherit}.ag{fill:inherit}.ah{font-size:inherit}.ai{border:inherit}.aj{font-family:inherit}.ak{letter-spacing:inherit}.al{font-weight:inherit}.am{padding:0}.an{margin:0}.ao{cursor:pointer}.ap:disabled{cursor:not-allowed}.aq:disabled{color:#6B6B6B}.ar:disabled{fill:#6B6B6B}.au{width:auto}.av path{fill:#242424}.aw{height:25px}.ax{margin-left:16px}.ay{border:none}.az{border-radius:20px}.ba{width:240px}.bb{background:#F9F9F9}.bc path{fill:#6B6B6B}.be{outline:none}.bf{font-family:sohne, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif}.bg{font-size:14px}.bh{width:100%}.bi{padding:10px 20px 10px 0}.bj{background-color:transparent}.bk{color:#242424}.bl::placeholder{color:#6B6B6B}.bm{display:inline-block}.bn{margin-left:12px}.bo{margin-right:12px}.bp{border-radius:4px}.bq{margin-left:24px}.br{height:24px}.bx{background-color:#F9F9F9}.by{border-radius:50%}.bz{height:32px}.ca{width:32px}.cb{justify-content:center}.ch{max-width:680px}.ci{min-width:0}.cj{animation:k1 1.2s ease-in-out infinite}.ck{height:100vh}.cl{margin-bottom:16px}.cm{margin-top:48px}.cn{align-items:flex-start}.co{flex-direction:column}.cp{justify-content:space-between}.cq{margin-bottom:24px}.cw{width:80%}.cx{background-color:#F2F2F2}.dd{height:44px}.de{width:44px}.df{margin:auto 0}.dg{margin-bottom:4px}.dh{height:16px}.di{width:120px}.dj{width:80px}.dp{margin-bottom:8px}.dq{width:96%}.dr{width:98%}.ds{width:81%}.dt{margin-left:8px}.du{color:#6B6B6B}.dv{font-size:13px}.dw{height:100%}.ep{color:#FFFFFF}.eq{fill:#FFFFFF}.er{background:rgba(134, 132, 132, 1)}.es{border-color:rgba(134, 132, 132, 1)}.ew:disabled{cursor:inherit !important}.ex:disabled{opacity:0.3}.ey:disabled:hover{background:rgba(134, 132, 132, 1)}.ez:disabled:hover{border-color:rgba(134, 132, 132, 1)}.fa{border-radius:99em}.fb{border-width:1px}.fc{border-style:solid}.fd{box-sizing:border-box}.fe{text-decoration:none}.ff{text-align:center}.fi{margin-right:32px}.fj{position:relative}.fk{fill:#6B6B6B}.fn{background:transparent}.fo svg{margin-left:4px}.fp svg{fill:#6B6B6B}.fr{box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05)}.fs{position:absolute}.fz{margin:0 24px}.gd{background:rgba(255, 255, 255, 1)}.ge{border:1px solid #F2F2F2}.gf{box-shadow:0 1px 4px #F2F2F2}.gg{max-height:100vh}.gh{overflow-y:auto}.gi{left:0}.gj{top:calc(100vh + 100px)}.gk{bottom:calc(100vh + 100px)}.gl{width:10px}.gm{pointer-events:none}.gn{word-break:break-word}.go{word-wrap:break-word}.gp:after{display:block}.gq:after{content:""}.gr:after{clear:both}.gs{line-height:1.23}.gt{letter-spacing:0}.gu{font-style:normal}.gv{font-weight:700}.hq{margin-bottom:-0.27em}.hr{line-height:1.394}.im{align-items:baseline}.in{width:48px}.io{height:48px}.ip{border:2px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 1)}.iq{z-index:0}.ir{box-shadow:none}.is{border:1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05)}.it{margin-left:-12px}.iu{width:28px}.iv{height:28px}.iw{z-index:1}.ix{width:24px}.iy{margin-bottom:2px}.iz{flex-wrap:nowrap}.ja{font-size:16px}.jb{line-height:24px}.jd{margin:0 8px}.je{display:inline}.jf{color:rgba(134, 132, 132, 1)}.jg{fill:rgba(134, 132, 132, 1)}.jj{flex:0 0 auto}.jm{flex-wrap:wrap}.jp{white-space:pre-wrap}.jq{margin-right:4px}.jr{overflow:hidden}.js{max-height:20px}.jt{text-overflow:ellipsis}.ju{display:-webkit-box}.jv{-webkit-line-clamp:1}.jw{-webkit-box-orient:vertical}.jx{word-break:break-all}.jz{padding-left:8px}.ka{padding-right:8px}.lb> *{flex-shrink:0}.lc{overflow-x:scroll}.ld::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none}.le{scrollbar-width:none}.lf{-ms-overflow-style:none}.lg{width:74px}.lh{flex-direction:row}.li{z-index:2}.ll{-webkit-user-select:none}.lm{border:0}.ln{fill:rgba(117, 117, 117, 1)}.lq{outline:0}.lr{user-select:none}.ls> svg{pointer-events:none}.mb{cursor:progress}.mc{margin-left:4px}.md{margin-top:0px}.me{opacity:1}.mf{padding:4px 0}.mi{width:16px}.mk{display:inline-flex}.mq{max-width:100%}.mr{padding:8px 2px}.ms svg{color:#6B6B6B}.nj{clear:both}.np{margin-left:auto}.nq{margin-right:auto}.nr{max-width:2880px}.nx{padding-top:5px}.ny{padding-bottom:5px}.oa{cursor:zoom-in}.ob{z-index:auto}.od{height:auto}.oe{margin-top:32px}.of{margin-bottom:14px}.og{padding-top:24px}.oh{padding-bottom:10px}.oi{background-color:#000000}.oj{height:3px}.ok{width:3px}.ol{margin-right:20px}.om{line-height:1.58}.on{letter-spacing:-0.004em}.oo{font-family:source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif}.ph{margin-bottom:-0.46em}.pi{clear:left}.pj{float:left}.pk{font-size:66px}.pl{line-height:.83}.pr{font-style:italic}.ps{line-height:1.12}.pt{letter-spacing:-0.022em}.pu{font-weight:600}.qn{margin-bottom:-0.28em}.qt{max-width:4320px}.qu{margin-top:10px}.qv{max-width:728px}.rd{max-width:94px}.re{text-decoration:underline}.rf{margin-bottom:26px}.rg{margin-top:6px}.rh{margin-top:8px}.ri{margin-right:8px}.rj{padding:8px 16px}.rk{border-radius:100px}.rl{transition:background 300ms ease}.rn{white-space:nowrap}.ro{border-top:none}.rp{height:52px}.rq{max-height:52px}.rr{box-sizing:content-box}.rs{position:static}.ru{max-width:155px}.sf{height:0px}.sg{margin-bottom:40px}.sh{margin-bottom:48px}.sv{border-radius:2px}.sx{height:64px}.sy{width:64px}.sz{align-self:flex-end}.ta{color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 1)}.tb{fill:rgba(255, 255, 255, 1)}.tc{background:rgba(25, 25, 25, 1)}.td{border-color:rgba(25, 25, 25, 1)}.tg:disabled{opacity:0.1}.th:disabled:hover{background:rgba(25, 25, 25, 1)}.ti:disabled:hover{border-color:rgba(25, 25, 25, 1)}.tj{flex:1 1 auto}.tn{padding-right:4px}.to{font-weight:500}.ub{margin-top:16px}.uk{gap:18px}.ul{fill:rgba(61, 61, 61, 1)}.un{fill:#242424}.uo{background:0}.up{border-color:#242424}.uq:disabled:hover{color:#242424}.ur:disabled:hover{fill:#242424}.us:disabled:hover{border-color:#242424}.vd{border-bottom:solid 1px #E5E5E5}.ve{margin-top:72px}.vf{padding:24px 0}.vg{margin-bottom:0px}.vh{margin-right:16px}.as:hover:not(:disabled){color:rgba(25, 25, 25, 1)}.at:hover:not(:disabled){fill:rgba(25, 25, 25, 1)}.et:hover{background:rgba(115, 113, 113, 1)}.eu:hover{border-color:rgba(115, 113, 113, 1)}.ev:hover{cursor:pointer}.fl:hover{color:#242424}.fm:hover{fill:#242424}.fq:hover svg{fill:#242424}.ft:hover{background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1)}.jc:hover{text-decoration:underline}.jh:hover:not(:disabled){color:rgba(115, 113, 113, 1)}.ji:hover:not(:disabled){fill:rgba(115, 113, 113, 1)}.lp:hover{fill:rgba(8, 8, 8, 1)}.mg:hover{fill:#000000}.mh:hover p{color:#000000}.mj:hover{color:#000000}.mt:hover svg{color:#000000}.rm:hover{background-color:#F2F2F2}.sw:hover{background-color:none}.te:hover{background:#000000}.tf:hover{border-color:#242424}.um:hover{fill:rgba(25, 25, 25, 1)}.bd:focus-within path{fill:#242424}.lo:focus{fill:rgba(8, 8, 8, 1)}.mu:focus svg{color:#000000}.oc:focus{transform:scale(1.01)}.lt:active{border-style:none}</style><style type="text/css" data-fela-rehydration="579" data-fela-type="RULE" media="all and (min-width: 1080px)">.d{display:none}.bw{width:64px}.cg{margin:0 64px}.cv{height:48px}.dc{margin-bottom:52px}.do{margin-bottom:48px}.ef{font-size:14px}.eg{line-height:20px}.em{font-size:13px}.eo{padding:5px 12px}.fh{display:flex}.fy{margin-bottom:68px}.gc{max-width:680px}.hm{font-size:42px}.hn{margin-top:1.19em}.ho{line-height:52px}.hp{letter-spacing:-0.011em}.ie{font-size:22px}.if{margin-top:0.92em}.ig{line-height:28px}.il{align-items:center}.kn{border-top:solid 1px #F2F2F2}.ko{border-bottom:solid 1px #F2F2F2}.kp{margin:32px 0 0}.kq{padding:3px 8px}.kz> *{margin-right:24px}.la> :last-child{margin-right:0}.ma{margin-top:0px}.mp{margin:0}.no{max-width:1192px}.nw{margin-top:56px}.pd{font-size:20px}.pe{margin-top:2.14em}.pf{line-height:32px}.pg{letter-spacing:-0.003em}.pq{padding-top:7px}.qj{font-size:24px}.qk{margin-top:1.25em}.ql{line-height:30px}.qm{letter-spacing:-0.016em}.qs{margin-top:0.94em}.rc{margin-top:1.95em}.rz{display:inline-block}.se{margin-bottom:104px}.si{flex-direction:row}.sl{margin-bottom:0}.sm{margin-right:20px}.tk{max-width:500px}.tz{line-height:24px}.ua{letter-spacing:0}.ug{margin-bottom:88px}.uj{margin-bottom:72px}.ux{width:min-width}.vc{padding-top:72px}</style><style type="text/css" data-fela-rehydration="579" data-fela-type="RULE" media="all and (max-width: 1079.98px)">.e{display:none}.lz{margin-top:0px}.qw{margin-left:auto}.qx{text-align:center}.ry{display:inline-block}</style><style type="text/css" data-fela-rehydration="579" data-fela-type="RULE" media="all and (max-width: 903.98px)">.f{display:none}.ly{margin-top:0px}.rx{display:inline-block}</style><style type="text/css" data-fela-rehydration="579" data-fela-type="RULE" media="all and (max-width: 727.98px)">.g{display:none}.lw{margin-top:0px}.lx{margin-right:0px}.rw{display:inline-block}</style><style type="text/css" data-fela-rehydration="579" data-fela-type="RULE" media="all and (max-width: 551.98px)">.h{display:none}.s{display:flex}.t{justify-content:space-between}.bs{width:24px}.cc{margin:0 24px}.cr{height:40px}.cy{margin-bottom:44px}.dk{margin-bottom:32px}.dx{font-size:13px}.dy{line-height:20px}.eh{padding:0px 8px 1px}.fu{margin-bottom:4px}.gw{font-size:32px}.gx{margin-top:1.01em}.gy{line-height:38px}.gz{letter-spacing:-0.014em}.hs{font-size:18px}.ht{margin-top:0.79em}.hu{line-height:24px}.ih{align-items:flex-start}.jk{flex-direction:column}.jn{margin-bottom:2px}.kb{margin:24px -24px 0}.kc{padding:0}.kr> *{margin-right:8px}.ks> :last-child{margin-right:24px}.lj{margin-left:0px}.lu{margin-top:0px}.lv{margin-right:0px}.ml{margin:0}.mv{border:1px solid #F2F2F2}.mw{border-radius:99em}.mx{padding:0px 16px 0px 12px}.my{height:38px}.mz{align-items:center}.nb svg{margin-right:8px}.nk{max-width:100%}.ns{margin-top:40px}.op{margin-top:1.56em}.oq{line-height:28px}.or{letter-spacing:-0.003em}.pm{padding-top:0}.pv{font-size:20px}.pw{margin-top:0.93em}.px{letter-spacing:0}.qo{margin-top:0.67em}.qy{margin-top:1.2em}.rv{display:inline-block}.sa{margin-bottom:96px}.st{margin-bottom:20px}.su{margin-right:0}.tp{font-size:24px}.tq{line-height:30px}.tr{letter-spacing:-0.016em}.uc{margin-bottom:64px}.ut{width:100%}.uy{padding-top:48px}.na:hover{border-color:#E5E5E5}</style><style type="text/css" data-fela-rehydration="579" data-fela-type="RULE" media="all and (min-width: 904px) and (max-width: 1079.98px)">.i{display:none}.bv{width:64px}.cf{margin:0 64px}.cu{height:48px}.db{margin-bottom:52px}.dn{margin-bottom:48px}.ed{font-size:14px}.ee{line-height:20px}.ek{font-size:13px}.el{padding:5px 12px}.fg{display:flex}.fx{margin-bottom:68px}.gb{max-width:680px}.hi{font-size:42px}.hj{margin-top:1.19em}.hk{line-height:52px}.hl{letter-spacing:-0.011em}.ib{font-size:22px}.ic{margin-top:0.92em}.id{line-height:28px}.ik{align-items:center}.kj{border-top:solid 1px #F2F2F2}.kk{border-bottom:solid 1px #F2F2F2}.kl{margin:32px 0 0}.km{padding:3px 8px}.kx> *{margin-right:24px}.ky> :last-child{margin-right:0}.mo{margin:0}.nn{max-width:1192px}.nv{margin-top:56px}.oz{font-size:20px}.pa{margin-top:2.14em}.pb{line-height:32px}.pc{letter-spacing:-0.003em}.pp{padding-top:7px}.qf{font-size:24px}.qg{margin-top:1.25em}.qh{line-height:30px}.qi{letter-spacing:-0.016em}.qr{margin-top:0.94em}.rb{margin-top:1.95em}.sd{margin-bottom:104px}.sj{flex-direction:row}.sn{margin-bottom:0}.so{margin-right:20px}.tl{max-width:500px}.tx{line-height:24px}.ty{letter-spacing:0}.uf{margin-bottom:88px}.ui{margin-bottom:72px}.uw{width:min-width}.vb{padding-top:72px}</style><style type="text/css" data-fela-rehydration="579" data-fela-type="RULE" media="all and (min-width: 728px) and (max-width: 903.98px)">.j{display:none}.w{display:flex}.x{justify-content:space-between}.bu{width:64px}.ce{margin:0 48px}.ct{height:48px}.da{margin-bottom:52px}.dm{margin-bottom:48px}.eb{font-size:13px}.ec{line-height:20px}.ej{padding:0px 8px 1px}.fw{margin-bottom:68px}.ga{max-width:680px}.he{font-size:42px}.hf{margin-top:1.19em}.hg{line-height:52px}.hh{letter-spacing:-0.011em}.hy{font-size:22px}.hz{margin-top:0.92em}.ia{line-height:28px}.ij{align-items:center}.kf{border-top:solid 1px #F2F2F2}.kg{border-bottom:solid 1px #F2F2F2}.kh{margin:32px 0 0}.ki{padding:3px 8px}.kv> *{margin-right:24px}.kw> :last-child{margin-right:0}.mn{margin:0}.nm{max-width:100%}.nu{margin-top:56px}.ov{font-size:20px}.ow{margin-top:2.14em}.ox{line-height:32px}.oy{letter-spacing:-0.003em}.po{padding-top:7px}.qb{font-size:24px}.qc{margin-top:1.25em}.qd{line-height:30px}.qe{letter-spacing:-0.016em}.qq{margin-top:0.94em}.ra{margin-top:1.95em}.sc{margin-bottom:104px}.sk{flex-direction:row}.sp{margin-bottom:0}.sq{margin-right:20px}.tm{max-width:500px}.tv{line-height:24px}.tw{letter-spacing:0}.ue{margin-bottom:88px}.uh{margin-bottom:72px}.uv{width:min-width}.va{padding-top:72px}</style><style type="text/css" data-fela-rehydration="579" data-fela-type="RULE" media="all and (min-width: 552px) and (max-width: 727.98px)">.k{display:none}.u{display:flex}.v{justify-content:space-between}.bt{width:24px}.cd{margin:0 24px}.cs{height:40px}.cz{margin-bottom:44px}.dl{margin-bottom:32px}.dz{font-size:13px}.ea{line-height:20px}.ei{padding:0px 8px 1px}.fv{margin-bottom:4px}.ha{font-size:32px}.hb{margin-top:1.01em}.hc{line-height:38px}.hd{letter-spacing:-0.014em}.hv{font-size:18px}.hw{margin-top:0.79em}.hx{line-height:24px}.ii{align-items:flex-start}.jl{flex-direction:column}.jo{margin-bottom:2px}.kd{margin:24px 0 0}.ke{padding:0}.kt> *{margin-right:8px}.ku> :last-child{margin-right:8px}.lk{margin-left:0px}.mm{margin:0}.nc{border:1px solid #F2F2F2}.nd{border-radius:99em}.ne{padding:0px 16px 0px 12px}.nf{height:38px}.ng{align-items:center}.ni svg{margin-right:8px}.nl{max-width:100%}.nt{margin-top:40px}.os{margin-top:1.56em}.ot{line-height:28px}.ou{letter-spacing:-0.003em}.pn{padding-top:0}.py{font-size:20px}.pz{margin-top:0.93em}.qa{letter-spacing:0}.qp{margin-top:0.67em}.qz{margin-top:1.2em}.sb{margin-bottom:96px}.sr{margin-bottom:20px}.ss{margin-right:0}.ts{font-size:24px}.tt{line-height:30px}.tu{letter-spacing:-0.016em}.ud{margin-bottom:64px}.uu{width:100%}.uz{padding-top:48px}.nh:hover{border-color:#E5E5E5}</style><style type="text/css" data-fela-rehydration="579" data-fela-type="RULE" media="print">.rt{display:none}</style><style type="text/css" data-fela-rehydration="579" data-fela-type="RULE" media="(orientation: landscape) and (max-width: 903.98px)">.jy{max-height:none}</style><style type="text/css" data-fela-rehydration="579" data-fela-type="RULE" media="(prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference)">.nz{transition:transform 300ms cubic-bezier(0.2, 0, 0.2, 1)}</style></head><body><div id="root"><div class="a b c"><div class="d e f g h i j k"></div><script>document.domain = document.domain;</script><div class="l c"><div class="l m n o c"><div class="p q r s t u v w x i d y z"><a class="du ag dv bf ak b am an ao ap aq ar as at s u w i d q dw z" href="https://rsci.app.link/?%24canonical_url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2Fp%2F10c4b956a6c3&%7Efeature=LoOpenInAppButton&%7Echannel=ShowPostUnderCollection&source=---top_nav_layout_nav----------------------------------" rel="noopener follow">Open in app<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="10" height="10" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 10 10" class="dt"><path fill="currentColor" d="M.985 8.485a.375.375 0 1 0 .53.53zM8.75 1.25h.375A.375.375 0 0 0 8.75.875zM8.375 6.5a.375.375 0 1 0 .75 0zM3.5.875a.375.375 0 1 0 0 .75zm-1.985 8.14 7.5-7.5-.53-.53-7.5 7.5zm6.86-7.765V6.5h.75V1.25zM3.5 1.625h5.25v-.75H3.5z"></path></svg></a><div class="ab q"><p class="bf b dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg du"><span><a class="bf b dx dy eh dz ea ei eb ec ej ek ee el em eg eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd bm fe ff" data-testid="headerSignUpButton" href="https://medium.com/m/signin?operation=register&redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fuxdesign.cc%2Fthis-is-good-ux-writing-10c4b956a6c3&source=post_page---top_nav_layout_nav-----------------------global_nav-----------" rel="noopener follow">Sign up</a></span></p><div class="ax l"><p class="bf b dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg du"><span><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at" data-testid="headerSignInButton" href="https://medium.com/m/signin?operation=login&redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fuxdesign.cc%2Fthis-is-good-ux-writing-10c4b956a6c3&source=post_page---top_nav_layout_nav-----------------------global_nav-----------" rel="noopener follow">Sign in</a></span></p></div></div></div><div class="p q r ab ac"><div class="ab q ae"><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at ab" aria-label="Homepage" data-testid="headerMediumLogo" href="https://medium.com/?source=---top_nav_layout_nav----------------------------------" rel="noopener follow"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="719" height="160" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 719 160" class="au av aw"><path fill="#242424" d="m174.104 9.734.215-.047V8.02H130.39L89.6 103.89 48.81 8.021H1.472v1.666l.212.047c8.018 1.81 12.09 4.509 12.09 14.242V137.93c0 9.734-4.087 12.433-12.106 14.243l-.212.047v1.671h32.118v-1.665l-.213-.048c-8.018-1.809-12.089-4.509-12.089-14.242V30.586l52.399 123.305h2.972l53.925-126.743V140.75c-.687 7.688-4.721 10.062-11.982 11.701l-.215.05v1.652h55.948v-1.652l-.215-.05c-7.269-1.639-11.4-4.013-12.087-11.701l-.037-116.774h.037c0-9.733 4.071-12.432 12.087-14.242m25.555 75.488c.915-20.474 8.268-35.252 20.606-35.507 3.806.063 6.998 1.312 9.479 3.714 5.272 5.118 7.751 15.812 7.368 31.793zm-.553 5.77h65.573v-.275c-.186-15.656-4.721-27.834-13.466-36.196-7.559-7.227-18.751-11.203-30.507-11.203h-.263c-6.101 0-13.584 1.48-18.909 4.16-6.061 2.807-11.407 7.003-15.855 12.511-7.161 8.874-11.499 20.866-12.554 34.343q-.05.606-.092 1.212a50 50 0 0 0-.065 1.151 85.807 85.807 0 0 0-.094 5.689c.71 30.524 17.198 54.917 46.483 54.917 25.705 0 40.675-18.791 44.407-44.013l-1.886-.664c-6.557 13.556-18.334 21.771-31.738 20.769-18.297-1.369-32.314-19.922-31.042-42.395m139.722 41.359c-2.151 5.101-6.639 7.908-12.653 7.908s-11.513-4.129-15.418-11.63c-4.197-8.053-6.405-19.436-6.405-32.92 0-28.067 8.729-46.22 22.24-46.22 5.657 0 10.111 2.807 12.236 7.704zm43.499 20.008c-8.019-1.897-12.089-4.722-12.089-14.951V1.309l-48.716 14.353v1.757l.299-.024c6.72-.543 11.278.386 13.925 2.83 2.072 1.915 3.082 4.853 3.082 8.987v18.66c-4.803-3.067-10.516-4.56-17.448-4.56-14.059 0-26.909 5.92-36.176 16.672-9.66 11.205-14.767 26.518-14.767 44.278-.003 31.72 15.612 53.039 38.851 53.039 13.595 0 24.533-7.449 29.54-20.013v16.865h43.711v-1.746zM424.1 19.819c0-9.904-7.468-17.374-17.375-17.374-9.859 0-17.573 7.632-17.573 17.374s7.721 17.374 17.573 17.374c9.907 0 17.375-7.47 17.375-17.374m11.499 132.546c-8.019-1.897-12.089-4.722-12.089-14.951h-.035V43.635l-43.714 12.551v1.705l.263.024c9.458.842 12.047 4.1 12.047 15.152v81.086h43.751v-1.746zm112.013 0c-8.018-1.897-12.089-4.722-12.089-14.951V43.635l-41.621 12.137v1.71l.246.026c7.733.813 9.967 4.257 9.967 15.36v59.279c-2.578 5.102-7.415 8.131-13.274 8.336-9.503 0-14.736-6.419-14.736-18.073V43.638l-43.714 12.55v1.703l.262.024c9.459.84 12.05 4.097 12.05 15.152v50.17a56.3 56.3 0 0 0 .91 10.444l.787 3.423c3.701 13.262 13.398 20.197 28.59 20.197 12.868 0 24.147-7.966 29.115-20.43v17.311h43.714v-1.747zm169.818 1.788v-1.749l-.213-.05c-8.7-2.006-12.089-5.789-12.089-13.49v-63.79c0-19.89-11.171-31.761-29.883-31.761-13.64 0-25.141 7.882-29.569 20.16-3.517-13.01-13.639-20.16-28.606-20.16-13.146 0-23.449 6.938-27.869 18.657V43.643L545.487 55.68v1.715l.263.024c9.345.829 12.047 4.181 12.047 14.95v81.784h40.787v-1.746l-.215-.053c-6.941-1.631-9.181-4.606-9.181-12.239V66.998c1.836-4.289 5.537-9.37 12.853-9.37 9.086 0 13.692 6.296 13.692 18.697v77.828h40.797v-1.746l-.215-.053c-6.94-1.631-9.18-4.606-9.18-12.239V75.066a42 42 0 0 0-.578-7.26c1.947-4.661 5.86-10.177 13.475-10.177 9.214 0 13.691 6.114 13.691 18.696v77.828z"></path></svg></a><div class="ax h"><div class="ab ay az ba bb q bc bd"><div class="bm" aria-hidden="false" aria-describedby="searchResults" aria-labelledby="searchResults"></div><div class="bn bo ab"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4.092 11.06a6.95 6.95 0 1 1 13.9 0 6.95 6.95 0 0 1-13.9 0m6.95-8.05a8.05 8.05 0 1 0 5.13 14.26l3.75 3.75a.56.56 0 1 0 .79-.79l-3.73-3.73A8.05 8.05 0 0 0 11.042 3z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></div><input role="combobox" aria-controls="searchResults" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="search" data-testid="headerSearchInput" tabindex="0" class="ay be bf bg z bh bi bj bk bl" placeholder="Search" value=""/></div></div></div><div class="h k w fg fh"><div class="fi ab"><span><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at" data-testid="headerWriteButton" href="https://medium.com/m/signin?operation=register&redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2Fnew-story&source=---top_nav_layout_nav-----------------------new_post_topnav-----------" rel="noopener follow"><div class="bf b bg z du fj fk ab q fl fm"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-label="Write"><path fill="currentColor" d="M14 4a.5.5 0 0 0 0-1zm7 6a.5.5 0 0 0-1 0zm-7-7H4v1h10zM3 4v16h1V4zm1 17h16v-1H4zm17-1V10h-1v10zm-1 1a1 1 0 0 0 1-1h-1zM3 20a1 1 0 0 0 1 1v-1zM4 3a1 1 0 0 0-1 1h1z"></path><path stroke="currentColor" d="m17.5 4.5-8.458 8.458a.25.25 0 0 0-.06.098l-.824 2.47a.25.25 0 0 0 .316.316l2.47-.823a.25.25 0 0 0 .098-.06L19.5 6.5m-2-2 2.323-2.323a.25.25 0 0 1 .354 0l1.646 1.646a.25.25 0 0 1 0 .354L19.5 6.5m-2-2 2 2"></path></svg><div class="dt l">Write</div></div></a></span></div></div><div class="k j i d"><div class="fi ab"><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at" data-testid="headerSearchButton" href="https://medium.com/search?source=---top_nav_layout_nav----------------------------------" rel="noopener follow"><div class="bf b bg z du fj fk ab q fl fm"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-label="Search"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4.092 11.06a6.95 6.95 0 1 1 13.9 0 6.95 6.95 0 0 1-13.9 0m6.95-8.05a8.05 8.05 0 1 0 5.13 14.26l3.75 3.75a.56.56 0 1 0 .79-.79l-3.73-3.73A8.05 8.05 0 0 0 11.042 3z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></div></a></div></div><div class="fi h k j"><div class="ab q"><p class="bf b dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg du"><span><a class="bf b dx dy eh dz ea ei eb ec ej ek ee el em eg eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd bm fe ff" data-testid="headerSignUpButton" href="https://medium.com/m/signin?operation=register&redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fuxdesign.cc%2Fthis-is-good-ux-writing-10c4b956a6c3&source=post_page---top_nav_layout_nav-----------------------global_nav-----------" rel="noopener follow">Sign up</a></span></p><div class="ax l"><p class="bf b dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg du"><span><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at" data-testid="headerSignInButton" href="https://medium.com/m/signin?operation=login&redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fuxdesign.cc%2Fthis-is-good-ux-writing-10c4b956a6c3&source=post_page---top_nav_layout_nav-----------------------global_nav-----------" rel="noopener follow">Sign in</a></span></p></div></div></div><div class="l" aria-hidden="false"><button class="ay fn am ab q ao fo fp fq" aria-label="user options menu" data-testid="headerUserIcon"><div class="l fj"><img alt="" class="l fd by bz ca cx" src="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fill:64:64/1*dmbNkD5D-u45r44go_cf0g.png" width="32" height="32" loading="lazy" role="presentation"/><div class="fr by l bz ca fs n ay ft"></div></div></button></div></div></div><div class="l"><div class="fu fv fw fx fy l"><div class="ab cb"><div class="ci bh fz ga gb gc"></div></div><article><div class="l"><div class="l"><span class="l"></span><section><div><div class="fs gi gj gk gl gm"></div><div class="gn go gp gq gr"><div class="ab cb"><div class="ci bh fz ga gb gc"><div><h1 id="be48" class="pw-post-title gs gt gu bf gv gw gx gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi hj hk hl hm hn ho hp hq bk" data-testid="storyTitle">This is good UX writing</h1></div><div><h2 id="9913" class="pw-subtitle-paragraph hr gt gu bf b hs ht hu hv hw hx hy hz ia ib ic id ie if ig cq du">Eight principles for every interface you’ll ever write.</h2><div><div class="speechify-ignore ab cp"><div class="speechify-ignore bh l"><div class="ih ii ij ik il ab"><div><div class="ab im"><div><div class="bm" aria-hidden="false"><a href="https://medium.com/@nickdilallo?source=post_page---byline--10c4b956a6c3--------------------------------" rel="noopener follow"><div class="l in io by ip iq"><div class="l fj"><img alt="Nick DiLallo" class="l fd by dd de cx" src="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fill:88:88/1*uh7Xc37k-svIr7o2_Wfy6g.jpeg" width="44" height="44" loading="lazy" data-testid="authorPhoto"/><div class="ir by l dd de fs n is ft"></div></div></div></a></div></div><div class="it ab fj"><div><div class="bm" aria-hidden="false"><a href="https://uxdesign.cc/?source=post_page---byline--10c4b956a6c3--------------------------------" rel="noopener follow"><div class="l iu iv by ip iw"><div class="l fj"><img alt="UX Collective" class="l fd by br ix cx" src="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fill:48:48/1*mDhF9X4VO0rCrJvWFatyxg.png" width="24" height="24" loading="lazy" data-testid="publicationPhoto"/><div class="ir by l br ix fs n is ft"></div></div></div></a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="bn bh l"><div class="ab"><div style="flex:1"><span class="bf b bg z bk"><div class="iy ab q"><div class="ab q iz"><div class="ab q"><div><div class="bm" aria-hidden="false"><p class="bf b ja jb bk"><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar jc" data-testid="authorName" href="https://medium.com/@nickdilallo?source=post_page---byline--10c4b956a6c3--------------------------------" rel="noopener follow">Nick DiLallo</a></p></div></div></div><span class="jd je" aria-hidden="true"><span class="bf b bg z du">·</span></span><p class="bf b ja jb du"><span><a class="jf jg ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar ex jh ji" href="https://medium.com/m/signin?actionUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2F_%2Fsubscribe%2Fuser%2F8d6c2e407e8a&operation=register&redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fuxdesign.cc%2Fthis-is-good-ux-writing-10c4b956a6c3&user=Nick+DiLallo&userId=8d6c2e407e8a&source=post_page-8d6c2e407e8a--byline--10c4b956a6c3---------------------post_header-----------" rel="noopener follow">Follow</a></span></p></div></div></span></div></div><div class="l jj"><span class="bf b bg z du"><div class="ab cn jk jl jm"><div class="jn jo ab"><div class="bf b bg z du ab jp"><span class="jq l jj">Published in</span><div><div class="l" aria-hidden="false"><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar jc ab q" data-testid="publicationName" href="https://uxdesign.cc/?source=post_page---byline--10c4b956a6c3--------------------------------" rel="noopener follow"><p class="bf b bg z jr js jt ju jv jw jx jy bk">UX Collective</p></a></div></div></div><div class="h k"><span class="jd je" aria-hidden="true"><span class="bf b bg z du">·</span></span></div></div><span class="bf b bg z du"><div class="ab ae"><span data-testid="storyReadTime">3 min read</span><div class="jz ka l" aria-hidden="true"><span class="l" aria-hidden="true"><span class="bf b bg z du">·</span></span></div><span data-testid="storyPublishDate">Sep 21, 2020</span></div></span></div></span></div></div></div><div class="ab cp kb kc kd ke kf kg kh ki kj kk kl km kn ko kp kq"><div class="h k w fg fh q"><div class="lg l"><div class="ab q lh li"><div class="pw-multi-vote-icon fj jq lj lk ll"><span><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at" data-testid="headerClapButton" href="https://medium.com/m/signin?actionUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2F_%2Fvote%2Fuser-experience-design-1%2F10c4b956a6c3&operation=register&redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fuxdesign.cc%2Fthis-is-good-ux-writing-10c4b956a6c3&user=Nick+DiLallo&userId=8d6c2e407e8a&source=---header_actions--10c4b956a6c3---------------------clap_footer-----------" rel="noopener follow"><div><div class="bm" aria-hidden="false"><div class="lm ao ln lo lp lq am lr ls lt ll"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-label="clap"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.37.828 12 3.282l.63-2.454zM13.916 3.953l1.523-2.112-1.184-.39zM8.589 1.84l1.522 2.112-.337-2.501zM18.523 18.92c-.86.86-1.75 1.246-2.62 1.33a6 6 0 0 0 .407-.372c2.388-2.389 2.86-4.951 1.399-7.623l-.912-1.603-.79-1.672c-.26-.56-.194-.98.203-1.288a.7.7 0 0 1 .546-.132c.283.046.546.231.728.5l2.363 4.157c.976 1.624 1.141 4.237-1.324 6.702m-10.999-.438L3.37 14.328a.828.828 0 0 1 .585-1.408.83.83 0 0 1 .585.242l2.158 2.157a.365.365 0 0 0 .516-.516l-2.157-2.158-1.449-1.449a.826.826 0 0 1 1.167-1.17l3.438 3.44a.363.363 0 0 0 .516 0 .364.364 0 0 0 0-.516L5.293 9.513l-.97-.97a.826.826 0 0 1 0-1.166.84.84 0 0 1 1.167 0l.97.968 3.437 3.436a.36.36 0 0 0 .517 0 .366.366 0 0 0 0-.516L6.977 7.83a.82.82 0 0 1-.241-.584.82.82 0 0 1 .824-.826c.219 0 .43.087.584.242l5.787 5.787a.366.366 0 0 0 .587-.415l-1.117-2.363c-.26-.56-.194-.98.204-1.289a.7.7 0 0 1 .546-.132c.283.046.545.232.727.501l2.193 3.86c1.302 2.38.883 4.59-1.277 6.75-1.156 1.156-2.602 1.627-4.19 1.367-1.418-.236-2.866-1.033-4.079-2.246M10.75 5.971l2.12 2.12c-.41.502-.465 1.17-.128 1.89l.22.465-3.523-3.523a.8.8 0 0 1-.097-.368c0-.22.086-.428.241-.584a.847.847 0 0 1 1.167 0m7.355 1.705c-.31-.461-.746-.758-1.23-.837a1.44 1.44 0 0 0-1.11.275c-.312.24-.505.543-.59.881a1.74 1.74 0 0 0-.906-.465 1.47 1.47 0 0 0-.82.106l-2.182-2.182a1.56 1.56 0 0 0-2.2 0 1.54 1.54 0 0 0-.396.701 1.56 1.56 0 0 0-2.21-.01 1.55 1.55 0 0 0-.416.753c-.624-.624-1.649-.624-2.237-.037a1.557 1.557 0 0 0 0 2.2c-.239.1-.501.238-.715.453a1.56 1.56 0 0 0 0 2.2l.516.515a1.556 1.556 0 0 0-.753 2.615L7.01 19c1.32 1.319 2.909 2.189 4.475 2.449q.482.08.971.08c.85 0 1.653-.198 2.393-.579.231.033.46.054.686.054 1.266 0 2.457-.52 3.505-1.567 2.763-2.763 2.552-5.734 1.439-7.586z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></div></div></div></a></span></div><div class="pw-multi-vote-count l lu lv lw lx ly lz ma"><p class="bf b dv z du"><span class="mb">--</span></p></div></div></div><div><div class="bm" aria-hidden="false"><button class="ao lm me mf ab q fk mg mh" aria-label="responses"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="md"><path d="M18.006 16.803c1.533-1.456 2.234-3.325 2.234-5.321C20.24 7.357 16.709 4 12.191 4S4 7.357 4 11.482c0 4.126 3.674 7.482 8.191 7.482.817 0 1.622-.111 2.393-.327.231.2.48.391.744.559 1.06.693 2.203 1.044 3.399 1.044.224-.008.4-.112.486-.287a.49.49 0 0 0-.042-.518c-.495-.67-.845-1.364-1.04-2.057a4 4 0 0 1-.125-.598zm-3.122 1.055-.067-.223-.315.096a8 8 0 0 1-2.311.338c-4.023 0-7.292-2.955-7.292-6.587 0-3.633 3.269-6.588 7.292-6.588 4.014 0 7.112 2.958 7.112 6.593 0 1.794-.608 3.469-2.027 4.72l-.195.168v.255c0 .056 0 .151.016.295.025.231.081.478.154.733.154.558.398 1.117.722 1.659a5.3 5.3 0 0 1-2.165-.845c-.276-.176-.714-.383-.941-.59z"></path></svg><p class="bf b dv z du"><span class="pw-responses-count mc md">12</span></p></button></div></div></div><div class="ab q kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ky kz la lb lc ld le lf"><div class="mi k j i d"></div><div class="h k"><div><div class="bm" aria-hidden="false"><span><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at" data-testid="headerBookmarkButton" href="https://medium.com/m/signin?actionUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2F_%2Fbookmark%2Fp%2F10c4b956a6c3&operation=register&redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fuxdesign.cc%2Fthis-is-good-ux-writing-10c4b956a6c3&source=---header_actions--10c4b956a6c3---------------------bookmark_footer-----------" rel="noopener follow"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="25" height="25" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 25 25" class="du mj" aria-label="Add to list bookmark button"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18 2.5a.5.5 0 0 1 1 0V5h2.5a.5.5 0 0 1 0 1H19v2.5a.5.5 0 1 1-1 0V6h-2.5a.5.5 0 0 1 0-1H18zM7 7a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h3.5a.5.5 0 0 0 0-1H8a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a.5.5 0 0 0 .805.396L12.5 17l5.695 4.396A.5.5 0 0 0 19 21v-8.5a.5.5 0 0 0-1 0v7.485l-5.195-4.012a.5.5 0 0 0-.61 0L7 19.985z"></path></svg></a></span></div></div></div><div class="fd mk cn"><div class="l ae"><div class="ab cb"><div class="ml mm mn mo mp mq ci bh"><div class="ab"><div class="bm bh" aria-hidden="false"><div><div class="bm" aria-hidden="false"><button aria-label="Listen" data-testid="audioPlayButton" class="af fk ah ai aj ak al mr an ao ap ex ms mt mh mu mv mw mx my s mz na nb nc nd ne nf u ng nh ni"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3 12a9 9 0 1 1 18 0 9 9 0 0 1-18 0m9-10C6.477 2 2 6.477 2 12s4.477 10 10 10 10-4.477 10-10S17.523 2 12 2m3.376 10.416-4.599 3.066a.5.5 0 0 1-.777-.416V8.934a.5.5 0 0 1 .777-.416l4.599 3.066a.5.5 0 0 1 0 .832" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg><div class="j i d"><p class="bf b bg z du">Listen</p></div></button></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="bm" aria-hidden="false" aria-describedby="postFooterSocialMenu" aria-labelledby="postFooterSocialMenu"><div><div class="bm" aria-hidden="false"><button aria-controls="postFooterSocialMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Share Post" data-testid="headerSocialShareButton" class="af fk ah ai aj ak al mr an ao ap ex ms mt mh mu mv mw mx my s mz na nb nc nd ne nf u ng nh ni"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M15.218 4.931a.4.4 0 0 1-.118.132l.012.006a.45.45 0 0 1-.292.074.5.5 0 0 1-.3-.13l-2.02-2.02v7.07c0 .28-.23.5-.5.5s-.5-.22-.5-.5v-7.04l-2 2a.45.45 0 0 1-.57.04h-.02a.4.4 0 0 1-.16-.3.4.4 0 0 1 .1-.32l2.8-2.8a.5.5 0 0 1 .7 0l2.8 2.79a.42.42 0 0 1 .068.498m-.106.138.008.004v-.01zM16 7.063h1.5a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v10a2 2 0 0 1-2 2h-11c-1.1 0-2-.9-2-2v-10a2 2 0 0 1 2-2H8a.5.5 0 0 1 .35.15.5.5 0 0 1 .15.35.5.5 0 0 1-.15.35.5.5 0 0 1-.35.15H6.4c-.5 0-.9.4-.9.9v10.2a.9.9 0 0 0 .9.9h11.2c.5 0 .9-.4.9-.9v-10.2c0-.5-.4-.9-.9-.9H16a.5.5 0 0 1 0-1" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg><div class="j i d"><p class="bf b bg z du">Share</p></div></button></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="nj"><div class="ab cb"><div class="ml nk mm nl mn nm cf nn cg no ci bh"><figure class="ns nt nu nv nw nj nx ny paragraph-image"><div role="button" tabindex="0" class="nz oa fj ob bh oc"><div class="np nq nr"><picture><source srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/format:webp/1*B8TrE0fPkZI43i7JaLAzyw.png 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/format:webp/1*B8TrE0fPkZI43i7JaLAzyw.png 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/format:webp/1*B8TrE0fPkZI43i7JaLAzyw.png 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/format:webp/1*B8TrE0fPkZI43i7JaLAzyw.png 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*B8TrE0fPkZI43i7JaLAzyw.png 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*B8TrE0fPkZI43i7JaLAzyw.png 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:2000/format:webp/1*B8TrE0fPkZI43i7JaLAzyw.png 2000w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 1000px" type="image/webp"/><source data-testid="og" srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/1*B8TrE0fPkZI43i7JaLAzyw.png 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/1*B8TrE0fPkZI43i7JaLAzyw.png 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/1*B8TrE0fPkZI43i7JaLAzyw.png 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/1*B8TrE0fPkZI43i7JaLAzyw.png 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/1*B8TrE0fPkZI43i7JaLAzyw.png 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/1*B8TrE0fPkZI43i7JaLAzyw.png 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:2000/1*B8TrE0fPkZI43i7JaLAzyw.png 2000w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 1000px"/><img alt="A marker drawing the letters UX." class="bh mq od c" width="1000" height="563" loading="eager"/></picture></div></div></figure></div></div></div></div><div class="ab cb oe of og oh" role="separator"><span class="oi by bm oj ok ol"></span><span class="oi by bm oj ok ol"></span><span class="oi by bm oj ok"></span></div><div class="gn go gp gq gr"><div class="ab cb"><div class="ci bh fz ga gb gc"><p id="ed64" class="pw-post-body-paragraph om on gu oo b hs op oq or hv os ot ou ov ow ox oy oz pa pb pc pd pe pf pg ph gn bk pi"><span class="l pj pk pl bo pm pn po pp pq fj">A</span> few years ago, someone emailed me with a question: What makes UX writing good? They knew the basics, they said. And they knew what good <em class="pr">writing</em> looked like. But they wanted to know specifically about UX writing. How to think about it and evaluate it, what approach to take when staring down a blank page or struggling with a new design.</p><p id="da54" class="pw-post-body-paragraph om on gu oo b hs op oq or hv os ot ou ov ow ox oy oz pa pb pc pd pe pf pg ph gn bk">I emailed back a couple paragraphs about using words to improve interfaces and how to better integrate writing into a design team. They thanked me for my reply, and that was that.</p><p id="0946" class="pw-post-body-paragraph om on gu oo b hs op oq or hv os ot ou ov ow ox oy oz pa pb pc pd pe pf pg ph gn bk">But the question stuck with me. It’d be in the back of my mind when I was working on a new app or crafting the content approach for an interactive tool. I thought about it every time I wrote anything: an onboarding flow, a button, an error message. What makes UX writing good?</p><p id="b515" class="pw-post-body-paragraph om on gu oo b hs op oq or hv os ot ou ov ow ox oy oz pa pb pc pd pe pf pg ph gn bk">Three years later, I emailed back another answer. A better one. I told them, these are my Principles of UX Writing. They shape every digital product I’ve ever written.</p><p id="d707" class="pw-post-body-paragraph om on gu oo b hs op oq or hv os ot ou ov ow ox oy oz pa pb pc pd pe pf pg ph gn bk">Here’s what I wrote.</p></div></div></div><div class="ab cb oe of og oh" role="separator"><span class="oi by bm oj ok ol"></span><span class="oi by bm oj ok ol"></span><span class="oi by bm oj ok"></span></div><div class="gn go gp gq gr"><div class="ab cb"><div class="ci bh fz ga gb gc"><h1 id="4505" class="ps pt gu bf pu pv pw hu px py pz hx qa qb qc qd qe qf qg qh qi qj qk ql qm qn bk"><strong class="al">Good UX writing improves the user experience.</strong></h1><p id="f397" class="pw-post-body-paragraph om on gu oo b hs qo oq or hv qp ot ou ov qq ox oy oz qr pb pc pd qs pf pg ph gn bk">It makes flows simpler, actions clearer, and choices easier. It reduces complexity and lets people do what they want. It makes sure nobody gets lost or confused or frustrated.</p></div></div><div class="nj"><div class="ab cb"><div class="ml nk mm nl mn nm cf nn cg no ci bh"><figure class="ns nt nu nv nw nj nx ny paragraph-image"><div role="button" tabindex="0" class="nz oa fj ob bh oc"><div class="np nq qt"><picture><source srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/format:webp/1*qJ__v1JD6RntJsWbM8vdMQ.png 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/format:webp/1*qJ__v1JD6RntJsWbM8vdMQ.png 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/format:webp/1*qJ__v1JD6RntJsWbM8vdMQ.png 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/format:webp/1*qJ__v1JD6RntJsWbM8vdMQ.png 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*qJ__v1JD6RntJsWbM8vdMQ.png 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*qJ__v1JD6RntJsWbM8vdMQ.png 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:2000/format:webp/1*qJ__v1JD6RntJsWbM8vdMQ.png 2000w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 1000px" type="image/webp"/><source data-testid="og" srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/1*qJ__v1JD6RntJsWbM8vdMQ.png 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/1*qJ__v1JD6RntJsWbM8vdMQ.png 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/1*qJ__v1JD6RntJsWbM8vdMQ.png 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/1*qJ__v1JD6RntJsWbM8vdMQ.png 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/1*qJ__v1JD6RntJsWbM8vdMQ.png 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/1*qJ__v1JD6RntJsWbM8vdMQ.png 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:2000/1*qJ__v1JD6RntJsWbM8vdMQ.png 2000w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 1000px"/><img alt="One search bar just says “search.” The other gives a suggestion and says, “Try ‘action movies.’”" class="bh mq od c" width="1000" height="459" loading="eager"/></picture></div></div><figcaption class="qu ff qv np nq qw qx bf b bg z du">Adding specificity helps people know what to search.</figcaption></figure></div></div></div><div class="ab cb"><div class="ci bh fz ga gb gc"><h1 id="fcb5" class="ps pt gu bf pu pv qy hu px py qz hx qa qb ra qd qe qf rb qh qi qj rc ql qm qn bk"><strong class="al">Good UX writing tells the truth.</strong></h1><p id="6493" class="pw-post-body-paragraph om on gu oo b hs qo oq or hv qp ot ou ov qq ox oy oz qr pb pc pd qs pf pg ph gn bk">It explains and clarifies without trying to mislead or hide information. It writes with the appropriate level of urgency. If it doesn’t know the answer, it doesn’t make one up.</p></div></div><div class="nj"><div class="ab cb"><div class="ml nk mm nl mn nm cf nn cg no ci bh"><figure class="ns nt nu nv nw nj nx ny paragraph-image"><div role="button" tabindex="0" class="nz oa fj ob bh oc"><div class="np nq qt"><picture><source srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/format:webp/1*ouIVlNjG4iV2gZl6aXBjkA.png 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/format:webp/1*ouIVlNjG4iV2gZl6aXBjkA.png 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/format:webp/1*ouIVlNjG4iV2gZl6aXBjkA.png 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/format:webp/1*ouIVlNjG4iV2gZl6aXBjkA.png 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*ouIVlNjG4iV2gZl6aXBjkA.png 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*ouIVlNjG4iV2gZl6aXBjkA.png 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:2000/format:webp/1*ouIVlNjG4iV2gZl6aXBjkA.png 2000w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 1000px" type="image/webp"/><source data-testid="og" srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/1*ouIVlNjG4iV2gZl6aXBjkA.png 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/1*ouIVlNjG4iV2gZl6aXBjkA.png 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/1*ouIVlNjG4iV2gZl6aXBjkA.png 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/1*ouIVlNjG4iV2gZl6aXBjkA.png 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/1*ouIVlNjG4iV2gZl6aXBjkA.png 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/1*ouIVlNjG4iV2gZl6aXBjkA.png 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:2000/1*ouIVlNjG4iV2gZl6aXBjkA.png 2000w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 1000px"/><img alt="One e-commerce listing shouts “Selling out fast!” The other says simply, “17 pairs available.”" class="bh mq od c" width="1000" height="459" loading="eager"/></picture></div></div><figcaption class="qu ff qv np nq qw qx bf b bg z du">False urgency is deceptive and disrespectful.</figcaption></figure></div></div></div><div class="ab cb"><div class="ci bh fz ga gb gc"><h1 id="13c1" class="ps pt gu bf pu pv qy hu px py qz hx qa qb ra qd qe qf rb qh qi qj rc ql qm qn bk"><strong class="al">Good UX writing includes everybody.</strong></h1><p id="2ba4" class="pw-post-body-paragraph om on gu oo b hs qo oq or hv qp ot ou ov qq ox oy oz qr pb pc pd qs pf pg ph gn bk">It respects different genders, ethnicities, abilities, sexual orientations, and backgrounds without judgement or discrimination. It considers screen readers and alt-text.</p><h1 id="a330" class="ps pt gu bf pu pv qy hu px py qz hx qa qb ra qd qe qf rb qh qi qj rc ql qm qn bk"><strong class="al">Good UX writing says the right thing at the right time.</strong></h1><p id="c38f" class="pw-post-body-paragraph om on gu oo b hs qo oq or hv qp ot ou ov qq ox oy oz qr pb pc pd qs pf pg ph gn bk">It tells people what they need to know, paying attention to context, intent, and emotion. It puts the most important information first. It cuts what it can and simplifies the rest.</p></div></div><div class="nj"><div class="ab cb"><div class="ml nk mm nl mn nm cf nn cg no ci bh"><figure class="ns nt nu nv nw nj nx ny paragraph-image"><div role="button" tabindex="0" class="nz oa fj ob bh oc"><div class="np nq qt"><picture><source srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/format:webp/1*MPg20sxjag8rpWDtFPDBIw.png 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/format:webp/1*MPg20sxjag8rpWDtFPDBIw.png 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/format:webp/1*MPg20sxjag8rpWDtFPDBIw.png 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/format:webp/1*MPg20sxjag8rpWDtFPDBIw.png 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*MPg20sxjag8rpWDtFPDBIw.png 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*MPg20sxjag8rpWDtFPDBIw.png 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:2000/format:webp/1*MPg20sxjag8rpWDtFPDBIw.png 2000w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 1000px" type="image/webp"/><source data-testid="og" srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/1*MPg20sxjag8rpWDtFPDBIw.png 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/1*MPg20sxjag8rpWDtFPDBIw.png 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/1*MPg20sxjag8rpWDtFPDBIw.png 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/1*MPg20sxjag8rpWDtFPDBIw.png 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/1*MPg20sxjag8rpWDtFPDBIw.png 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/1*MPg20sxjag8rpWDtFPDBIw.png 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:2000/1*MPg20sxjag8rpWDtFPDBIw.png 2000w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 1000px"/><img alt="One screen shows a complicated order number and a link to more details. The other says the name of the item and delivery date" class="bh mq od c" width="1000" height="459" loading="eager"/></picture></div></div><figcaption class="qu ff qv np nq qw qx bf b bg z du">Nobody remembers order numbers. Everybody wants to know when their packages will arrive.</figcaption></figure></div></div></div><div class="ab cb"><div class="ci bh fz ga gb gc"><h1 id="80f7" class="ps pt gu bf pu pv qy hu px py qz hx qa qb ra qd qe qf rb qh qi qj rc ql qm qn bk"><strong class="al">Good UX writing serves a functional purpose.</strong></h1><p id="5caa" class="pw-post-body-paragraph om on gu oo b hs qo oq or hv qp ot ou ov qq ox oy oz qr pb pc pd qs pf pg ph gn bk">It does more than “balance out” a design. It guides and explains. It enhances structure and adds personality. It exists because the interface would be worse without it.</p><h1 id="358c" class="ps pt gu bf pu pv qy hu px py qz hx qa qb ra qd qe qf rb qh qi qj rc ql qm qn bk"><strong class="al">Good UX writing is sometimes no writing at all.</strong></h1><p id="258e" class="pw-post-body-paragraph om on gu oo b hs qo oq or hv qp ot ou ov qq ox oy oz qr pb pc pd qs pf pg ph gn bk">It goes away when it’s not needed.</p></div></div><div class="nj"><div class="ab cb"><div class="ml nk mm nl mn nm cf nn cg no ci bh"><figure class="ns nt nu nv nw nj nx ny paragraph-image"><div role="button" tabindex="0" class="nz oa fj ob bh oc"><div class="np nq qt"><picture><source srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/format:webp/1*Cwf3eGGcv8dT46au62hbfw.png 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/format:webp/1*Cwf3eGGcv8dT46au62hbfw.png 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/format:webp/1*Cwf3eGGcv8dT46au62hbfw.png 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/format:webp/1*Cwf3eGGcv8dT46au62hbfw.png 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*Cwf3eGGcv8dT46au62hbfw.png 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*Cwf3eGGcv8dT46au62hbfw.png 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:2000/format:webp/1*Cwf3eGGcv8dT46au62hbfw.png 2000w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 1000px" type="image/webp"/><source data-testid="og" srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/1*Cwf3eGGcv8dT46au62hbfw.png 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/1*Cwf3eGGcv8dT46au62hbfw.png 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/1*Cwf3eGGcv8dT46au62hbfw.png 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/1*Cwf3eGGcv8dT46au62hbfw.png 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/1*Cwf3eGGcv8dT46au62hbfw.png 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/1*Cwf3eGGcv8dT46au62hbfw.png 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:2000/1*Cwf3eGGcv8dT46au62hbfw.png 2000w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 1000px"/><img alt="Images of interfaces without words: a calendar, a clock, and a calculator." class="bh mq od c" width="1000" height="459" loading="eager"/></picture></div></div><figcaption class="qu ff qv np nq qw qx bf b bg z du">A calculator shouldn’t have a welcome message.</figcaption></figure></div></div></div><div class="ab cb"><div class="ci bh fz ga gb gc"><h1 id="faa8" class="ps pt gu bf pu pv qy hu px py qz hx qa qb ra qd qe qf rb qh qi qj rc ql qm qn bk"><strong class="al">Good UX writing stays consistent.</strong></h1><p id="4126" class="pw-post-body-paragraph om on gu oo b hs qo oq or hv qp ot ou ov qq ox oy oz qr pb pc pd qs pf pg ph gn bk">It follows a messaging framework and writes with a core set of vocabulary. It sometimes changes its tone, but it always sounds like the same brand voice. It has predictable patterns and structure.</p></div></div><div class="nj"><div class="ab cb"><div class="ml nk mm nl mn nm cf nn cg no ci bh"><figure class="ns nt nu nv nw nj nx ny paragraph-image"><div role="button" tabindex="0" class="nz oa fj ob bh oc"><div class="np nq qt"><picture><source srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/format:webp/1*_MkxOhNSDk3V1OTlg6LtLQ.png 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/format:webp/1*_MkxOhNSDk3V1OTlg6LtLQ.png 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/format:webp/1*_MkxOhNSDk3V1OTlg6LtLQ.png 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/format:webp/1*_MkxOhNSDk3V1OTlg6LtLQ.png 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*_MkxOhNSDk3V1OTlg6LtLQ.png 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*_MkxOhNSDk3V1OTlg6LtLQ.png 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:2000/format:webp/1*_MkxOhNSDk3V1OTlg6LtLQ.png 2000w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 1000px" type="image/webp"/><source data-testid="og" srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/1*_MkxOhNSDk3V1OTlg6LtLQ.png 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/1*_MkxOhNSDk3V1OTlg6LtLQ.png 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/1*_MkxOhNSDk3V1OTlg6LtLQ.png 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/1*_MkxOhNSDk3V1OTlg6LtLQ.png 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/1*_MkxOhNSDk3V1OTlg6LtLQ.png 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/1*_MkxOhNSDk3V1OTlg6LtLQ.png 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:2000/1*_MkxOhNSDk3V1OTlg6LtLQ.png 2000w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 1000px"/><img alt="Two screens from an interface with a consistent, playful brand voice that uses emojis." class="bh mq od c" width="1000" height="459" loading="eager"/></picture></div></div><figcaption class="qu ff qv np nq qw qx bf b bg z du">Does your product use playful language and lots of emojis? Keep it that way across every screen.</figcaption></figure></div></div></div><div class="ab cb"><div class="ci bh fz ga gb gc"><h1 id="ea32" class="ps pt gu bf pu pv qy hu px py qz hx qa qb ra qd qe qf rb qh qi qj rc ql qm qn bk"><strong class="al">Good UX writing is good writing.</strong></h1><p id="ed32" class="pw-post-body-paragraph om on gu oo b hs qo oq or hv qp ot ou ov qq ox oy oz qr pb pc pd qs pf pg ph gn bk">It uses the same tools and techniques as all writing, including diction, syntax, grammar, point of view, punctuation, rhythm, and style. It understands which rules to follow and why. It breaks those rules when it has a good reason.</p><figure class="ns nt nu nv nw nj np nq paragraph-image"><div class="np nq rd"><picture><source srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/format:webp/0*atcyjjahqWB0DwBT 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/format:webp/0*atcyjjahqWB0DwBT 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/format:webp/0*atcyjjahqWB0DwBT 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/format:webp/0*atcyjjahqWB0DwBT 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*atcyjjahqWB0DwBT 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*atcyjjahqWB0DwBT 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:188/format:webp/0*atcyjjahqWB0DwBT 188w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 94px" type="image/webp"/><source data-testid="og" srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/0*atcyjjahqWB0DwBT 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/0*atcyjjahqWB0DwBT 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/0*atcyjjahqWB0DwBT 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/0*atcyjjahqWB0DwBT 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/0*atcyjjahqWB0DwBT 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/0*atcyjjahqWB0DwBT 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:188/0*atcyjjahqWB0DwBT 188w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 94px"/><img alt="" class="bh mq od c" width="94" height="40" loading="eager" role="presentation"/></picture></div><figcaption class="qu ff qv np nq qw qx bf b bg z du">The UX Collective donates US$1 for each article published in our platform. This story contributed to <a class="af re" href="https://www.bayareablackdesigners.com/" rel="noopener ugc nofollow" target="_blank">Bay Area Black Designers</a>: a professional development community for Black people who are digital designers and researchers in the San Francisco Bay Area. By joining together in community, members share inspiration, connection, peer mentorship, professional development, resources, feedback, support, and resilience. Silence against systemic racism is not an option. Build the design community you believe in.</figcaption></figure></div></div></div></div></section></div></div></article></div><div class="ab cb"><div class="ci bh fz ga gb gc"><div class="rf rg ab jm"><div class="rh ab"><a class="ri ay am ao" href="https://medium.com/tag/writing?source=post_page-----10c4b956a6c3--------------------------------" rel="noopener follow"><div class="rj fj cx rk ge rl rm bf b bg z bk rn">Writing</div></a></div><div class="rh ab"><a class="ri ay am ao" href="https://medium.com/tag/ux-writing?source=post_page-----10c4b956a6c3--------------------------------" rel="noopener follow"><div class="rj fj cx rk ge rl rm bf b bg z bk rn">Ux Writing</div></a></div><div class="rh ab"><a class="ri ay am ao" href="https://medium.com/tag/design?source=post_page-----10c4b956a6c3--------------------------------" rel="noopener follow"><div class="rj fj cx rk ge rl rm bf b bg z bk rn">Design</div></a></div><div class="rh ab"><a class="ri ay am ao" href="https://medium.com/tag/content-strategy?source=post_page-----10c4b956a6c3--------------------------------" rel="noopener follow"><div class="rj fj cx rk ge rl rm bf b bg z bk rn">Content Strategy</div></a></div><div class="rh ab"><a class="ri ay am ao" href="https://medium.com/tag/ux?source=post_page-----10c4b956a6c3--------------------------------" rel="noopener follow"><div class="rj fj cx rk ge rl rm bf b bg z bk rn">UX</div></a></div></div></div></div><div class="l"></div><footer class="ro of rp rq rr ab q rs iw c"><div class="l ae"><div class="ab cb"><div class="ci bh fz ga gb gc"><div class="ab cp rt"><div class="ab q lh"><div class="ru l"><span class="l rv rw rx e d"><div class="ab q lh li"><div class="pw-multi-vote-icon fj jq lj lk ll"><span><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at" data-testid="footerClapButton" href="https://medium.com/m/signin?actionUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2F_%2Fvote%2Fuser-experience-design-1%2F10c4b956a6c3&operation=register&redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fuxdesign.cc%2Fthis-is-good-ux-writing-10c4b956a6c3&user=Nick+DiLallo&userId=8d6c2e407e8a&source=---footer_actions--10c4b956a6c3---------------------clap_footer-----------" rel="noopener follow"><div><div class="bm" aria-hidden="false"><div class="lm ao ln lo lp lq am lr ls lt ll"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-label="clap"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.37.828 12 3.282l.63-2.454zM13.916 3.953l1.523-2.112-1.184-.39zM8.589 1.84l1.522 2.112-.337-2.501zM18.523 18.92c-.86.86-1.75 1.246-2.62 1.33a6 6 0 0 0 .407-.372c2.388-2.389 2.86-4.951 1.399-7.623l-.912-1.603-.79-1.672c-.26-.56-.194-.98.203-1.288a.7.7 0 0 1 .546-.132c.283.046.546.231.728.5l2.363 4.157c.976 1.624 1.141 4.237-1.324 6.702m-10.999-.438L3.37 14.328a.828.828 0 0 1 .585-1.408.83.83 0 0 1 .585.242l2.158 2.157a.365.365 0 0 0 .516-.516l-2.157-2.158-1.449-1.449a.826.826 0 0 1 1.167-1.17l3.438 3.44a.363.363 0 0 0 .516 0 .364.364 0 0 0 0-.516L5.293 9.513l-.97-.97a.826.826 0 0 1 0-1.166.84.84 0 0 1 1.167 0l.97.968 3.437 3.436a.36.36 0 0 0 .517 0 .366.366 0 0 0 0-.516L6.977 7.83a.82.82 0 0 1-.241-.584.82.82 0 0 1 .824-.826c.219 0 .43.087.584.242l5.787 5.787a.366.366 0 0 0 .587-.415l-1.117-2.363c-.26-.56-.194-.98.204-1.289a.7.7 0 0 1 .546-.132c.283.046.545.232.727.501l2.193 3.86c1.302 2.38.883 4.59-1.277 6.75-1.156 1.156-2.602 1.627-4.19 1.367-1.418-.236-2.866-1.033-4.079-2.246M10.75 5.971l2.12 2.12c-.41.502-.465 1.17-.128 1.89l.22.465-3.523-3.523a.8.8 0 0 1-.097-.368c0-.22.086-.428.241-.584a.847.847 0 0 1 1.167 0m7.355 1.705c-.31-.461-.746-.758-1.23-.837a1.44 1.44 0 0 0-1.11.275c-.312.24-.505.543-.59.881a1.74 1.74 0 0 0-.906-.465 1.47 1.47 0 0 0-.82.106l-2.182-2.182a1.56 1.56 0 0 0-2.2 0 1.54 1.54 0 0 0-.396.701 1.56 1.56 0 0 0-2.21-.01 1.55 1.55 0 0 0-.416.753c-.624-.624-1.649-.624-2.237-.037a1.557 1.557 0 0 0 0 2.2c-.239.1-.501.238-.715.453a1.56 1.56 0 0 0 0 2.2l.516.515a1.556 1.556 0 0 0-.753 2.615L7.01 19c1.32 1.319 2.909 2.189 4.475 2.449q.482.08.971.08c.85 0 1.653-.198 2.393-.579.231.033.46.054.686.054 1.266 0 2.457-.52 3.505-1.567 2.763-2.763 2.552-5.734 1.439-7.586z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></div></div></div></a></span></div><div class="pw-multi-vote-count l lu lv lw lx ly lz ma"><p class="bf b dv z du"><span class="mb">--</span></p></div></div></span><span class="l h g f ry rz"><div class="ab q lh li"><div class="pw-multi-vote-icon fj jq lj lk ll"><span><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at" data-testid="footerClapButton" href="https://medium.com/m/signin?actionUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2F_%2Fvote%2Fuser-experience-design-1%2F10c4b956a6c3&operation=register&redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fuxdesign.cc%2Fthis-is-good-ux-writing-10c4b956a6c3&user=Nick+DiLallo&userId=8d6c2e407e8a&source=---footer_actions--10c4b956a6c3---------------------clap_footer-----------" rel="noopener follow"><div><div class="bm" aria-hidden="false"><div class="lm ao ln lo lp lq am lr ls lt ll"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-label="clap"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.37.828 12 3.282l.63-2.454zM13.916 3.953l1.523-2.112-1.184-.39zM8.589 1.84l1.522 2.112-.337-2.501zM18.523 18.92c-.86.86-1.75 1.246-2.62 1.33a6 6 0 0 0 .407-.372c2.388-2.389 2.86-4.951 1.399-7.623l-.912-1.603-.79-1.672c-.26-.56-.194-.98.203-1.288a.7.7 0 0 1 .546-.132c.283.046.546.231.728.5l2.363 4.157c.976 1.624 1.141 4.237-1.324 6.702m-10.999-.438L3.37 14.328a.828.828 0 0 1 .585-1.408.83.83 0 0 1 .585.242l2.158 2.157a.365.365 0 0 0 .516-.516l-2.157-2.158-1.449-1.449a.826.826 0 0 1 1.167-1.17l3.438 3.44a.363.363 0 0 0 .516 0 .364.364 0 0 0 0-.516L5.293 9.513l-.97-.97a.826.826 0 0 1 0-1.166.84.84 0 0 1 1.167 0l.97.968 3.437 3.436a.36.36 0 0 0 .517 0 .366.366 0 0 0 0-.516L6.977 7.83a.82.82 0 0 1-.241-.584.82.82 0 0 1 .824-.826c.219 0 .43.087.584.242l5.787 5.787a.366.366 0 0 0 .587-.415l-1.117-2.363c-.26-.56-.194-.98.204-1.289a.7.7 0 0 1 .546-.132c.283.046.545.232.727.501l2.193 3.86c1.302 2.38.883 4.59-1.277 6.75-1.156 1.156-2.602 1.627-4.19 1.367-1.418-.236-2.866-1.033-4.079-2.246M10.75 5.971l2.12 2.12c-.41.502-.465 1.17-.128 1.89l.22.465-3.523-3.523a.8.8 0 0 1-.097-.368c0-.22.086-.428.241-.584a.847.847 0 0 1 1.167 0m7.355 1.705c-.31-.461-.746-.758-1.23-.837a1.44 1.44 0 0 0-1.11.275c-.312.24-.505.543-.59.881a1.74 1.74 0 0 0-.906-.465 1.47 1.47 0 0 0-.82.106l-2.182-2.182a1.56 1.56 0 0 0-2.2 0 1.54 1.54 0 0 0-.396.701 1.56 1.56 0 0 0-2.21-.01 1.55 1.55 0 0 0-.416.753c-.624-.624-1.649-.624-2.237-.037a1.557 1.557 0 0 0 0 2.2c-.239.1-.501.238-.715.453a1.56 1.56 0 0 0 0 2.2l.516.515a1.556 1.556 0 0 0-.753 2.615L7.01 19c1.32 1.319 2.909 2.189 4.475 2.449q.482.08.971.08c.85 0 1.653-.198 2.393-.579.231.033.46.054.686.054 1.266 0 2.457-.52 3.505-1.567 2.763-2.763 2.552-5.734 1.439-7.586z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></div></div></div></a></span></div><div class="pw-multi-vote-count l lu lv lw lx ly lz ma"><p class="bf b dv z du"><span class="mb">--</span></p></div></div></span></div><div class="bq ab"><div><div class="bm" aria-hidden="false"><button class="ao lm me mf ab q fk mg mh" aria-label="responses"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="md"><path d="M18.006 16.803c1.533-1.456 2.234-3.325 2.234-5.321C20.24 7.357 16.709 4 12.191 4S4 7.357 4 11.482c0 4.126 3.674 7.482 8.191 7.482.817 0 1.622-.111 2.393-.327.231.2.48.391.744.559 1.06.693 2.203 1.044 3.399 1.044.224-.008.4-.112.486-.287a.49.49 0 0 0-.042-.518c-.495-.67-.845-1.364-1.04-2.057a4 4 0 0 1-.125-.598zm-3.122 1.055-.067-.223-.315.096a8 8 0 0 1-2.311.338c-4.023 0-7.292-2.955-7.292-6.587 0-3.633 3.269-6.588 7.292-6.588 4.014 0 7.112 2.958 7.112 6.593 0 1.794-.608 3.469-2.027 4.72l-.195.168v.255c0 .056 0 .151.016.295.025.231.081.478.154.733.154.558.398 1.117.722 1.659a5.3 5.3 0 0 1-2.165-.845c-.276-.176-.714-.383-.941-.59z"></path></svg><p class="bf b bg z du"><span class="pw-responses-count mc md">12</span></p></button></div></div></div></div><div class="ab q"><div class="ol l jj"><div><div class="bm" aria-hidden="false"><span><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at" data-testid="footerBookmarkButton" href="https://medium.com/m/signin?actionUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2F_%2Fbookmark%2Fp%2F10c4b956a6c3&operation=register&redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fuxdesign.cc%2Fthis-is-good-ux-writing-10c4b956a6c3&source=---footer_actions--10c4b956a6c3---------------------bookmark_footer-----------" rel="noopener follow"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="25" height="25" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 25 25" class="du mj" aria-label="Add to list bookmark button"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18 2.5a.5.5 0 0 1 1 0V5h2.5a.5.5 0 0 1 0 1H19v2.5a.5.5 0 1 1-1 0V6h-2.5a.5.5 0 0 1 0-1H18zM7 7a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h3.5a.5.5 0 0 0 0-1H8a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a.5.5 0 0 0 .805.396L12.5 17l5.695 4.396A.5.5 0 0 0 19 21v-8.5a.5.5 0 0 0-1 0v7.485l-5.195-4.012a.5.5 0 0 0-.61 0L7 19.985z"></path></svg></a></span></div></div></div><div class="ol l jj"><div class="bm" aria-hidden="false" aria-describedby="postFooterSocialMenu" aria-labelledby="postFooterSocialMenu"><div><div class="bm" aria-hidden="false"><button aria-controls="postFooterSocialMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Share Post" data-testid="footerSocialShareButton" class="af fk ah ai aj ak al mr an ao ap ex ms mt mh mu"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M15.218 4.931a.4.4 0 0 1-.118.132l.012.006a.45.45 0 0 1-.292.074.5.5 0 0 1-.3-.13l-2.02-2.02v7.07c0 .28-.23.5-.5.5s-.5-.22-.5-.5v-7.04l-2 2a.45.45 0 0 1-.57.04h-.02a.4.4 0 0 1-.16-.3.4.4 0 0 1 .1-.32l2.8-2.8a.5.5 0 0 1 .7 0l2.8 2.79a.42.42 0 0 1 .068.498m-.106.138.008.004v-.01zM16 7.063h1.5a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v10a2 2 0 0 1-2 2h-11c-1.1 0-2-.9-2-2v-10a2 2 0 0 1 2-2H8a.5.5 0 0 1 .35.15.5.5 0 0 1 .15.35.5.5 0 0 1-.15.35.5.5 0 0 1-.35.15H6.4c-.5 0-.9.4-.9.9v10.2a.9.9 0 0 0 .9.9h11.2c.5 0 .9-.4.9-.9v-10.2c0-.5-.4-.9-.9-.9H16a.5.5 0 0 1 0-1" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></button></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></footer><div class="sa sb sc sd se l"><div class="ab cb"><div class="ci bh fz ga gb gc"><div class="sf bh r sg"></div><div class="sh l"><div class="ab si sj sk jl jk"><div class="sl sm sn so sp sq sr ss st su ab cp"><div class="h k"><a href="https://uxdesign.cc/?source=post_page---post_publication_info--10c4b956a6c3--------------------------------" rel="noopener follow"><div class="fj ab"><img alt="UX Collective" class="sv in io cx" src="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fill:96:96/1*mDhF9X4VO0rCrJvWFatyxg.png" width="48" height="48" loading="lazy"/><div class="sv l io in fs n fr sw"></div></div></a></div><div class="j i d"><a href="https://uxdesign.cc/?source=post_page---post_publication_info--10c4b956a6c3--------------------------------" rel="noopener follow"><div class="fj ab"><img alt="UX Collective" class="sv sy sx cx" src="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fill:128:128/1*mDhF9X4VO0rCrJvWFatyxg.png" width="64" height="64" loading="lazy"/><div class="sv l sx sy fs n fr sw"></div></div></a></div><div class="j i d sz jj"><div class="ab"><span><a class="bf b bg z ta rj tb tc td te tf ev ew tg th ti fa fb fc fd bm fe ff" href="https://medium.com/m/signin?actionUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2F_%2Fsubscribe%2Fcollection%2Fuser-experience-design-1&operation=register&redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fuxdesign.cc%2Fthis-is-good-ux-writing-10c4b956a6c3&collection=UX+Collective&collectionId=138adf9c44c&source=post_page---post_publication_info--10c4b956a6c3---------------------follow_profile-----------" rel="noopener follow">Follow</a></span></div></div></div><div class="ab co tj"><div class="tk tl tm nl nk l"><a class="af ag ah aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at ab q" href="https://uxdesign.cc/?source=post_page---post_publication_info--10c4b956a6c3--------------------------------" rel="noopener follow"><h2 class="pw-author-name bf to tp tq tr ts tt tu ov tv tw oz tx ty pd tz ua bk"><span class="gn tn">Published in <!-- -->UX Collective</span></h2></a><div class="rh ab im"><div class="l jj"><span class="pw-follower-count bf b bg z du"><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar jc" rel="noopener follow" href="/followers?source=post_page---post_publication_info--10c4b956a6c3--------------------------------">509K Followers</a></span></div><div class="bf b bg z du ab jp"><span class="jd l" aria-hidden="true"><span class="bf b bg z du">·</span></span><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar jc" rel="noopener follow" href="/if-you-think-your-design-portfolio-needs-improving-start-in-the-middle-bac953355846?source=post_page---post_publication_info--10c4b956a6c3--------------------------------">Last published <!-- -->23 hours ago</a></div></div><div class="ub l"><p class="bf b bg z bk">We believe designers are thinkers as much as they are makers. Curated stories on UX, Visual & Product Design. <a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar re go" href="https://linktr.ee/uxc" rel="noopener ugc nofollow">https://linktr.ee/uxc</a></p></div></div></div><div class="h k"><div class="ab"><span><a class="bf b bg z ta rj tb tc td te tf ev ew tg th ti fa fb fc fd bm fe ff" href="https://medium.com/m/signin?actionUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2F_%2Fsubscribe%2Fcollection%2Fuser-experience-design-1&operation=register&redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fuxdesign.cc%2Fthis-is-good-ux-writing-10c4b956a6c3&collection=UX+Collective&collectionId=138adf9c44c&source=post_page---post_publication_info--10c4b956a6c3---------------------follow_profile-----------" rel="noopener follow">Follow</a></span></div></div></div></div><div class="ab si sj sk jl jk"><div class="sl sm sn so sp sq sr ss st su ab cp"><div class="h k"><a tabindex="0" href="https://medium.com/@nickdilallo?source=post_page---post_author_info--10c4b956a6c3--------------------------------" rel="noopener follow"><div class="l fj"><img alt="Nick DiLallo" class="l fd by io in cx" src="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fill:96:96/1*uh7Xc37k-svIr7o2_Wfy6g.jpeg" width="48" height="48" loading="lazy"/><div class="fr by l io in fs n ay sw"></div></div></a></div><div class="j i d"><a tabindex="0" href="https://medium.com/@nickdilallo?source=post_page---post_author_info--10c4b956a6c3--------------------------------" rel="noopener follow"><div class="l fj"><img alt="Nick DiLallo" class="l fd by sx sy cx" src="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fill:128:128/1*uh7Xc37k-svIr7o2_Wfy6g.jpeg" width="64" height="64" loading="lazy"/><div class="fr by l sx sy fs n ay sw"></div></div></a></div><div class="j i d sz jj"><div class="ab"><span><a class="bf b bg z ta rj tb tc td te tf ev ew tg th ti fa fb fc fd bm fe ff" href="https://medium.com/m/signin?actionUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2F_%2Fsubscribe%2Fuser%2F8d6c2e407e8a&operation=register&redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fuxdesign.cc%2Fthis-is-good-ux-writing-10c4b956a6c3&user=Nick+DiLallo&userId=8d6c2e407e8a&source=post_page-8d6c2e407e8a--post_author_info--10c4b956a6c3---------------------follow_profile-----------" rel="noopener follow">Follow</a></span></div></div></div><div class="ab co tj"><div class="tk tl tm nl nk l"><a class="af ag ah aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at ab q" href="https://medium.com/@nickdilallo?source=post_page---post_author_info--10c4b956a6c3--------------------------------" rel="noopener follow"><h2 class="pw-author-name bf to tp tq tr ts tt tu ov tv tw oz tx ty pd tz ua bk"><span class="gn tn">Written by <!-- -->Nick DiLallo</span></h2></a><div class="rh ab im"><div class="l jj"><span class="pw-follower-count bf b bg z du"><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar jc" href="https://medium.com/@nickdilallo/followers?source=post_page---post_author_info--10c4b956a6c3--------------------------------" rel="noopener follow">1.3K Followers</a></span></div><div class="bf b bg z du ab jp"><span class="jd l" aria-hidden="true"><span class="bf b bg z du">·</span></span><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar jc" href="https://medium.com/@nickdilallo/following?source=post_page---post_author_info--10c4b956a6c3--------------------------------" rel="noopener follow">4 Following</a></div></div><div class="ub l"><p class="bf b bg z bk"><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar re go" href="http://nickdilallo.com" rel="noopener ugc nofollow">nickdilallo.com</a></p></div></div></div><div class="h k"><div class="ab"><span><a class="bf b bg z ta rj tb tc td te tf ev ew tg th ti fa fb fc fd bm fe ff" href="https://medium.com/m/signin?actionUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2F_%2Fsubscribe%2Fuser%2F8d6c2e407e8a&operation=register&redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fuxdesign.cc%2Fthis-is-good-ux-writing-10c4b956a6c3&user=Nick+DiLallo&userId=8d6c2e407e8a&source=post_page-8d6c2e407e8a--post_author_info--10c4b956a6c3---------------------follow_profile-----------" rel="noopener follow">Follow</a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="uc ud ue uf ug l"><div class="sf bh r uc ud uh ui uj"></div><div class="ab cb"><div class="ci bh fz ga gb gc"><div class="ab q cp"><h2 class="bf to pv hu px py hx qa qb qd qe qf qh qi qj ql qm bk">Responses (<!-- -->12<!-- -->)</h2><div class="ab uk"><div><div class="bm" aria-hidden="false"><a class="ul um" href="https://policy.medium.com/medium-rules-30e5502c4eb4?source=post_page---post_responses--10c4b956a6c3--------------------------------" rel="noopener follow" target="_blank"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="25" height="25" viewBox="0 0 25 25"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.987 5.036a.754.754 0 0 1 .914-.01c.972.721 1.767 1.218 2.6 1.543.828.322 1.719.485 2.887.505a.755.755 0 0 1 .741.757c-.018 3.623-.43 6.256-1.449 8.21-1.034 1.984-2.662 3.209-4.966 4.083a.75.75 0 0 1-.537-.003c-2.243-.874-3.858-2.095-4.897-4.074-1.024-1.951-1.457-4.583-1.476-8.216a.755.755 0 0 1 .741-.757c1.195-.02 2.1-.182 2.923-.503.827-.322 1.6-.815 2.519-1.535m.468.903c-.897.69-1.717 1.21-2.623 1.564-.898.35-1.856.527-3.026.565.037 3.45.469 5.817 1.36 7.515.884 1.684 2.25 2.762 4.284 3.571 2.092-.81 3.465-1.89 4.344-3.575.886-1.698 1.299-4.065 1.334-7.512-1.149-.039-2.091-.217-2.99-.567-.906-.353-1.745-.873-2.683-1.561m-.009 9.155a2.672 2.672 0 1 0 0-5.344 2.672 2.672 0 0 0 0 5.344m0 1a3.672 3.672 0 1 0 0-7.344 3.672 3.672 0 0 0 0 7.344m-1.813-3.777.525-.526.916.917 1.623-1.625.526.526-2.149 2.152z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></a></div></div></div></div><div class="oe l"><button class="bf b bg z bk rj un uo up mj mg tf ev ew ex uq ur us fa ut uu uv uw ux fb fc fd bm fe ff">See all responses</button></div></div></div></div><div class="uy uz va vb vc l bx"><div class="h k j"><div class="sf bh vd ve"></div><div class="ab cb"><div class="ci bh fz ga gb gc"><div class="vf ab lh jm"><div class="vg vh l"><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at" href="https://help.medium.com/hc/en-us?source=post_page-----10c4b956a6c3--------------------------------" rel="noopener follow"><p class="bf b dv z du">Help</p></a></div><div class="vg vh l"><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at" href="https://medium.statuspage.io/?source=post_page-----10c4b956a6c3--------------------------------" rel="noopener follow"><p class="bf b dv z du">Status</p></a></div><div class="vg vh l"><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at" href="https://medium.com/about?autoplay=1&source=post_page-----10c4b956a6c3--------------------------------" rel="noopener follow"><p class="bf b dv z du">About</p></a></div><div class="vg vh l"><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at" href="https://medium.com/jobs-at-medium/work-at-medium-959d1a85284e?source=post_page-----10c4b956a6c3--------------------------------" rel="noopener follow"><p class="bf b dv z du">Careers</p></a></div><div class="vg vh l"><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at" href="pressinquiries@medium.com?source=post_page-----10c4b956a6c3--------------------------------" rel="noopener follow"><p class="bf b dv z du">Press</p></a></div><div class="vg vh l"><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at" href="https://blog.medium.com/?source=post_page-----10c4b956a6c3--------------------------------" rel="noopener follow"><p class="bf b dv z du">Blog</p></a></div><div class="vg vh l"><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at" href="https://policy.medium.com/medium-privacy-policy-f03bf92035c9?source=post_page-----10c4b956a6c3--------------------------------" rel="noopener follow"><p class="bf b dv z du">Privacy</p></a></div><div class="vg vh l"><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at" href="https://policy.medium.com/medium-terms-of-service-9db0094a1e0f?source=post_page-----10c4b956a6c3--------------------------------" rel="noopener follow"><p class="bf b dv z du">Terms</p></a></div><div class="vg vh l"><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at" href="https://speechify.com/medium?source=post_page-----10c4b956a6c3--------------------------------" rel="noopener follow"><p class="bf b dv z du">Text to speech</p></a></div><div class="vg l"><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at" href="https://medium.com/business?source=post_page-----10c4b956a6c3--------------------------------" rel="noopener follow"><p class="bf b dv z du">Teams</p></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>window.__BUILD_ID__="main-20241126-181518-0cb59a020f"</script><script>window.__GRAPHQL_URI__ = "https://uxdesign.cc/_/graphql"</script><script>window.__PRELOADED_STATE__ = {"algolia":{"queries":{}},"cache":{"experimentGroupSet":true,"reason":"This request is not using the cache middleware worker","group":"disabled","tags":["group-edgeCachePosts","post-10c4b956a6c3","user-8d6c2e407e8a","collection-138adf9c44c"],"serverVariantState":"","middlewareEnabled":false,"cacheStatus":"DYNAMIC","shouldUseCache":false,"vary":[],"lohpSummerUpsellEnabled":false,"publicationHierarchyEnabledWeb":false,"postBottomResponsesEnabled":false},"client":{"hydrated":false,"isUs":false,"isNativeMedium":false,"isSafariMobile":false,"isSafari":false,"isFirefox":false,"routingEntity":{"type":"COLLECTION","id":"138adf9c44c","explicit":true},"viewerIsBot":false},"debug":{"requestId":"5eac2f41-e1fd-4172-876f-13938bdfea14","hybridDevServices":[],"originalSpanCarrier":{"traceparent":"00-6be4d3c67fb6d95fd60aabd65b00b0b4-5a329c97c9ca4652-01"}},"multiVote":{"clapsPerPost":{}},"navigation":{"branch":{"show":null,"hasRendered":null,"blockedByCTA":false},"hideGoogleOneTap":false,"hasRenderedAlternateUserBanner":null,"currentLocation":"https:\u002F\u002Fuxdesign.cc\u002Fthis-is-good-ux-writing-10c4b956a6c3","host":"uxdesign.cc","hostname":"uxdesign.cc","referrer":"","hasSetReferrer":false,"susiModal":{"step":null,"operation":"register"},"postRead":false,"partnerProgram":{"selectedCountryCode":null},"queryString":"?source=user_profile_page---------5-------------8d6c2e407e8a---------------"},"config":{"nodeEnv":"production","version":"main-20241126-181518-0cb59a020f","target":"production","productName":"Medium","publicUrl":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn-client.medium.com\u002Flite","authDomain":"medium.com","authGoogleClientId":"216296035834-k1k6qe060s2tp2a2jam4ljdcms00sttg.apps.googleusercontent.com","favicon":"production","glyphUrl":"https:\u002F\u002Fglyph.medium.com","branchKey":"key_live_ofxXr2qTrrU9NqURK8ZwEhknBxiI6KBm","algolia":{"appId":"MQ57UUUQZ2","apiKeySearch":"394474ced050e3911ae2249ecc774921","indexPrefix":"medium_","host":"-dsn.algolia.net"},"recaptchaKey":"6Lfc37IUAAAAAKGGtC6rLS13R1Hrw_BqADfS1LRk","recaptcha3Key":"6Lf8R9wUAAAAABMI_85Wb8melS7Zj6ziuf99Yot5","recaptchaEnterpriseKeyId":"6Le-uGgpAAAAAPprRaokM8AKthQ9KNGdoxaGUvVp","datadog":{"applicationId":"6702d87d-a7e0-42fe-bbcb-95b469547ea0","clientToken":"pub853ea8d17ad6821d9f8f11861d23dfed","rumToken":"pubf9cc52896502b9413b68ba36fc0c7162","context":{"deployment":{"target":"production","tag":"main-20241126-181518-0cb59a020f","commit":"0cb59a020f4453d0900f671f1a6576feecc55e74"}},"datacenter":"us"},"googleAnalyticsCode":"G-7JY7T788PK","googlePay":{"apiVersion":"2","apiVersionMinor":"0","merchantId":"BCR2DN6TV7EMTGBM","merchantName":"Medium","instanceMerchantId":"13685562959212738550"},"applePay":{"version":3},"signInWallCustomDomainCollectionIds":["3a8144eabfe3","336d898217ee","61061eb0c96b","138adf9c44c","819cc2aaeee0"],"mediumMastodonDomainName":"me.dm","mediumOwnedAndOperatedCollectionIds":["8a9336e5bb4","b7e45b22fec3","193b68bd4fba","8d6b8a439e32","54c98c43354d","3f6ecf56618","d944778ce714","92d2092dc598","ae2a65f35510","1285ba81cada","544c7006046e","fc8964313712","40187e704f1c","88d9857e584e","7b6769f2748b","bcc38c8f6edf","cef6983b292","cb8577c9149e","444d13b52878","713d7dbc99b0","ef8e90590e66","191186aaafa0","55760f21cdc5","9dc80918cc93","bdc4052bbdba","8ccfed20cbb2"],"tierOneDomains":["medium.com","thebolditalic.com","arcdigital.media","towardsdatascience.com","uxdesign.cc","codeburst.io","psiloveyou.xyz","writingcooperative.com","entrepreneurshandbook.co","prototypr.io","betterhumans.coach.me","theascent.pub"],"topicsToFollow":["d61cf867d93f","8a146bc21b28","1eca0103fff3","4d562ee63426","aef1078a3ef5","e15e46793f8d","6158eb913466","55f1c20aba7a","3d18b94f6858","4861fee224fd","63c6f1f93ee","1d98b3a9a871","decb52b64abf","ae5d4995e225","830cded25262"],"topicToTagMappings":{"accessibility":"accessibility","addiction":"addiction","android-development":"android-development","art":"art","artificial-intelligence":"artificial-intelligence","astrology":"astrology","basic-income":"basic-income","beauty":"beauty","biotech":"biotech","blockchain":"blockchain","books":"books","business":"business","cannabis":"cannabis","cities":"cities","climate-change":"climate-change","comics":"comics","coronavirus":"coronavirus","creativity":"creativity","cryptocurrency":"cryptocurrency","culture":"culture","cybersecurity":"cybersecurity","data-science":"data-science","design":"design","digital-life":"digital-life","disability":"disability","economy":"economy","education":"education","equality":"equality","family":"family","feminism":"feminism","fiction":"fiction","film":"film","fitness":"fitness","food":"food","freelancing":"freelancing","future":"future","gadgets":"gadgets","gaming":"gaming","gun-control":"gun-control","health":"health","history":"history","humor":"humor","immigration":"immigration","ios-development":"ios-development","javascript":"javascript","justice":"justice","language":"language","leadership":"leadership","lgbtqia":"lgbtqia","lifestyle":"lifestyle","machine-learning":"machine-learning","makers":"makers","marketing":"marketing","math":"math","media":"media","mental-health":"mental-health","mindfulness":"mindfulness","money":"money","music":"music","neuroscience":"neuroscience","nonfiction":"nonfiction","outdoors":"outdoors","parenting":"parenting","pets":"pets","philosophy":"philosophy","photography":"photography","podcasts":"podcast","poetry":"poetry","politics":"politics","privacy":"privacy","product-management":"product-management","productivity":"productivity","programming":"programming","psychedelics":"psychedelics","psychology":"psychology","race":"race","relationships":"relationships","religion":"religion","remote-work":"remote-work","san-francisco":"san-francisco","science":"science","self":"self","self-driving-cars":"self-driving-cars","sexuality":"sexuality","social-media":"social-media","society":"society","software-engineering":"software-engineering","space":"space","spirituality":"spirituality","sports":"sports","startups":"startup","style":"style","technology":"technology","transportation":"transportation","travel":"travel","true-crime":"true-crime","tv":"tv","ux":"ux","venture-capital":"venture-capital","visual-design":"visual-design","work":"work","world":"world","writing":"writing"},"defaultImages":{"avatar":{"imageId":"1*dmbNkD5D-u45r44go_cf0g.png","height":150,"width":150},"orgLogo":{"imageId":"7*V1_7XP4snlmqrc_0Njontw.png","height":110,"width":500},"postLogo":{"imageId":"bd978bb536350a710e8efb012513429cabdc4c28700604261aeda246d0f980b7","height":810,"width":1440},"postPreviewImage":{"imageId":"1*hn4v1tCaJy7cWMyb0bpNpQ.png","height":386,"width":579}},"collectionStructuredData":{"8d6b8a439e32":{"name":"Elemental","data":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","ethicsPolicy":"https:\u002F\u002Fhelp.medium.com\u002Fhc\u002Fen-us\u002Farticles\u002F360043290473","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn-images-1.medium.com\u002Fmax\u002F980\u002F1*9ygdqoKprhwuTVKUM0DLPA@2x.png","width":980,"height":159}}},"3f6ecf56618":{"name":"Forge","data":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","ethicsPolicy":"https:\u002F\u002Fhelp.medium.com\u002Fhc\u002Fen-us\u002Farticles\u002F360043290473","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn-images-1.medium.com\u002Fmax\u002F596\u002F1*uULpIlImcO5TDuBZ6lm7Lg@2x.png","width":596,"height":183}}},"ae2a65f35510":{"name":"GEN","data":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","ethicsPolicy":"https:\u002F\u002Fhelp.medium.com\u002Fhc\u002Fen-us\u002Farticles\u002F360043290473","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fmiro.medium.com\u002Fmax\u002F264\u002F1*RdVZMdvfV3YiZTw6mX7yWA.png","width":264,"height":140}}},"88d9857e584e":{"name":"LEVEL","data":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","ethicsPolicy":"https:\u002F\u002Fhelp.medium.com\u002Fhc\u002Fen-us\u002Farticles\u002F360043290473","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fmiro.medium.com\u002Fmax\u002F540\u002F1*JqYMhNX6KNNb2UlqGqO2WQ.png","width":540,"height":108}}},"7b6769f2748b":{"name":"Marker","data":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","ethicsPolicy":"https:\u002F\u002Fhelp.medium.com\u002Fhc\u002Fen-us\u002Farticles\u002F360043290473","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn-images-1.medium.com\u002Fmax\u002F383\u002F1*haCUs0wF6TgOOvfoY-jEoQ@2x.png","width":383,"height":92}}},"444d13b52878":{"name":"OneZero","data":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","ethicsPolicy":"https:\u002F\u002Fhelp.medium.com\u002Fhc\u002Fen-us\u002Farticles\u002F360043290473","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fmiro.medium.com\u002Fmax\u002F540\u002F1*cw32fIqCbRWzwJaoQw6BUg.png","width":540,"height":123}}},"8ccfed20cbb2":{"name":"Zora","data":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","ethicsPolicy":"https:\u002F\u002Fhelp.medium.com\u002Fhc\u002Fen-us\u002Farticles\u002F360043290473","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fmiro.medium.com\u002Fmax\u002F540\u002F1*tZUQqRcCCZDXjjiZ4bDvgQ.png","width":540,"height":106}}}},"embeddedPostIds":{"coronavirus":"cd3010f9d81f"},"sharedCdcMessaging":{"COVID_APPLICABLE_TAG_SLUGS":[],"COVID_APPLICABLE_TOPIC_NAMES":[],"COVID_APPLICABLE_TOPIC_NAMES_FOR_TOPIC_PAGE":[],"COVID_MESSAGES":{"tierA":{"text":"For more information on the novel coronavirus and Covid-19, visit cdc.gov.","markups":[{"start":66,"end":73,"href":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cdc.gov\u002Fcoronavirus\u002F2019-nCoV"}]},"tierB":{"text":"Anyone can publish on Medium per our Policies, but we don’t fact-check every story. For more info about the coronavirus, see cdc.gov.","markups":[{"start":37,"end":45,"href":"https:\u002F\u002Fhelp.medium.com\u002Fhc\u002Fen-us\u002Fcategories\u002F201931128-Policies-Safety"},{"start":125,"end":132,"href":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cdc.gov\u002Fcoronavirus\u002F2019-nCoV"}]},"paywall":{"text":"This article has been made free for everyone, thanks to Medium Members. For more information on the novel coronavirus and Covid-19, visit cdc.gov.","markups":[{"start":56,"end":70,"href":"https:\u002F\u002Fmedium.com\u002Fmembership"},{"start":138,"end":145,"href":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cdc.gov\u002Fcoronavirus\u002F2019-nCoV"}]},"unbound":{"text":"This article is free for everyone, thanks to Medium Members. For more information on the novel coronavirus and Covid-19, visit cdc.gov.","markups":[{"start":45,"end":59,"href":"https:\u002F\u002Fmedium.com\u002Fmembership"},{"start":127,"end":134,"href":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cdc.gov\u002Fcoronavirus\u002F2019-nCoV"}]}},"COVID_BANNER_POST_ID_OVERRIDE_WHITELIST":["3b31a67bff4a"]},"sharedVoteMessaging":{"TAGS":["politics","election-2020","government","us-politics","election","2020-presidential-race","trump","donald-trump","democrats","republicans","congress","republican-party","democratic-party","biden","joe-biden","maga"],"TOPICS":["politics","election"],"MESSAGE":{"text":"Find out more about the U.S. election results here.","markups":[{"start":46,"end":50,"href":"https:\u002F\u002Fcookpolitical.com\u002F2020-national-popular-vote-tracker"}]},"EXCLUDE_POSTS":["397ef29e3ca5"]},"embedPostRules":[],"recircOptions":{"v1":{"limit":3},"v2":{"limit":8}},"braintreeClientKey":"production_zjkj96jm_m56f8fqpf7ngnrd4","braintree":{"enabled":true,"merchantId":"m56f8fqpf7ngnrd4","merchantAccountId":{"usd":"AMediumCorporation_instant","eur":"amediumcorporation_EUR","cad":"amediumcorporation_CAD"},"publicKey":"ds2nn34bg2z7j5gd","braintreeEnvironment":"production","dashboardUrl":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.braintreegateway.com\u002Fmerchants","gracePeriodDurationInDays":14,"mediumMembershipPlanId":{"monthly":"ce105f8c57a3","monthlyV2":"e8a5e126-792b-4ee6-8fba-d574c1b02fc5","monthlyWithTrial":"d5ee3dbe3db8","monthlyPremium":"fa741a9b47a2","yearly":"a40ad4a43185","yearlyV2":"3815d7d6-b8ca-4224-9b8c-182f9047866e","yearlyStaff":"d74fb811198a","yearlyWithTrial":"b3bc7350e5c7","yearlyPremium":"e21bd2c12166","monthlyOneYearFree":"e6c0637a-2bad-4171-ab4f-3c268633d83c","monthly25PercentOffFirstYear":"235ecc62-0cdb-49ae-9378-726cd21c504b","monthly20PercentOffFirstYear":"ba518864-9c13-4a99-91ca-411bf0cac756","monthly15PercentOffFirstYear":"594c029b-9f89-43d5-88f8-8173af4e070e","monthly10PercentOffFirstYear":"c6c7bc9a-40f2-4b51-8126-e28511d5bdb0","monthlyForStudents":"629ebe51-da7d-41fd-8293-34cd2f2030a8","yearlyOneYearFree":"78ba7be9-0d9f-4ece-aa3e-b54b826f2bf1","yearly25PercentOffFirstYear":"2dbb010d-bb8f-4eeb-ad5c-a08509f42d34","yearly20PercentOffFirstYear":"47565488-435b-47f8-bf93-40d5fbe0ebc8","yearly15PercentOffFirstYear":"8259809b-0881-47d9-acf7-6c001c7f720f","yearly10PercentOffFirstYear":"9dd694fb-96e1-472c-8d9e-3c868d5c1506","yearlyForStudents":"e29345ef-ab1c-4234-95c5-70e50fe6bc23","monthlyCad":"p52orjkaceei","yearlyCad":"h4q9g2up9ktt"},"braintreeDiscountId":{"oneMonthFree":"MONTHS_FREE_01","threeMonthsFree":"MONTHS_FREE_03","sixMonthsFree":"MONTHS_FREE_06","fiftyPercentOffOneYear":"FIFTY_PERCENT_OFF_ONE_YEAR"},"3DSecureVersion":"2","defaultCurrency":"usd","providerPlanIdCurrency":{"4ycw":"usd","rz3b":"usd","3kqm":"usd","jzw6":"usd","c2q2":"usd","nnsw":"usd","q8qw":"usd","d9y6":"usd","fx7w":"cad","nwf2":"cad"}},"paypalClientId":"AXj1G4fotC2GE8KzWX9mSxCH1wmPE3nJglf4Z2ig_amnhvlMVX87otaq58niAg9iuLktVNF_1WCMnN7v","paypal":{"host":"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.paypal.com:443","clientMode":"production","serverMode":"live","webhookId":"4G466076A0294510S","monthlyPlan":{"planId":"P-9WR0658853113943TMU5FDQA","name":"Medium Membership (Monthly) with setup fee","description":"Unlimited access to the best and brightest stories on Medium. Membership billed monthly."},"yearlyPlan":{"planId":"P-7N8963881P8875835MU5JOPQ","name":"Medium Membership (Annual) with setup fee","description":"Unlimited access to the best and brightest stories on Medium. Membership billed annually."},"oneYearGift":{"name":"Medium Membership (1 Year, Digital Gift Code)","description":"Unlimited access to the best and brightest stories on Medium. Gift codes can be redeemed at medium.com\u002Fredeem.","price":"50.00","currency":"USD","sku":"membership-gift-1-yr"},"oldMonthlyPlan":{"planId":"P-96U02458LM656772MJZUVH2Y","name":"Medium Membership (Monthly)","description":"Unlimited access to the best and brightest stories on Medium. Membership billed monthly."},"oldYearlyPlan":{"planId":"P-59P80963JF186412JJZU3SMI","name":"Medium Membership (Annual)","description":"Unlimited access to the best and brightest stories on Medium. Membership billed annually."},"monthlyPlanWithTrial":{"planId":"P-66C21969LR178604GJPVKUKY","name":"Medium Membership (Monthly) with setup fee","description":"Unlimited access to the best and brightest stories on Medium. Membership billed monthly."},"yearlyPlanWithTrial":{"planId":"P-6XW32684EX226940VKCT2MFA","name":"Medium Membership (Annual) with setup fee","description":"Unlimited access to the best and brightest stories on Medium. Membership billed annually."},"oldMonthlyPlanNoSetupFee":{"planId":"P-4N046520HR188054PCJC7LJI","name":"Medium Membership (Monthly)","description":"Unlimited access to the best and brightest stories on Medium. Membership billed monthly."},"oldYearlyPlanNoSetupFee":{"planId":"P-7A4913502Y5181304CJEJMXQ","name":"Medium Membership (Annual)","description":"Unlimited access to the best and brightest stories on Medium. Membership billed annually."},"sdkUrl":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.paypal.com\u002Fsdk\u002Fjs"},"stripePublishableKey":"pk_live_7FReX44VnNIInZwrIIx6ghjl","log":{"json":true,"level":"info"},"imageUploadMaxSizeMb":25,"staffPicks":{"title":"Staff Picks","catalogId":"c7bc6e1ee00f"}},"session":{"xsrf":""}}</script><script>window.__APOLLO_STATE__ = {"ROOT_QUERY":{"__typename":"Query","viewer":null,"variantFlags":[{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_recaptcha_enterprise","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_android_dynamic_aspirational_paywall","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_moc_load_processor_all_recs_surfaces","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"onboarding_tags_from_top_views","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_members_only_audio","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"ios_enable_home_post_menu","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_lite_archive_page","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_recommended_publishers_query","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"allow_access","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_braintree_trial_membership","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"price_smoke_test_monthly","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagString","value":""}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_apple_webhook","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_lite_continue_this_thread","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_android_offline_reading","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_premium_tier","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"glyph_font_set","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagString","value":"m2-unbound-source-serif-pro"}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"signup_services","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagString","value":"twitter,facebook,google,email,google-fastidv,google-one-tap,apple"}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_entities_to_follow_v2","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_ios_autorefresh","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"android_enable_syntax_highlight","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_medium2_kbfd","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_simplified_digest_v2_b","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"textshots_userid","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagString","value":""}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"android_two_hour_refresh","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_ios_dynamic_paywall_programming","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_new_stripe_customers","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"rex_generator_max_candidates","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagNumber","value":1000}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_conversion_model_v2","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagString","value":"group_2"}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_bayesian_average_pub_search","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_tag_recs","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"signin_services","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagString","value":"twitter,facebook,google,email,google-fastidv,google-one-tap,apple"}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"ios_social_share_sheet","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_android_dynamic_programming_paywall","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_braintree_google_pay","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_eventstats_event_processing","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"available_annual_plan","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagString","value":"2c754bcc2995"}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_conversion_ranker_v2","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagString","value":"control"}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_creator_welcome_email","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_sharer_create_post_share_key","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_susi_redesign_android","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_tribute_landing_page","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"ios_enable_lock_responses","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"mobile_custom_app_icon","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_boost_nia_v01","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_cache_less_following_feed","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_rito_upstream_deadlines","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_sharer_validate_post_share_key","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"android_enable_topic_portals","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_google_webhook","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_ios_dynamic_paywall_aspiriational","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_mastodon_for_members_username_selection","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"available_monthly_premium_plan","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagString","value":"12a660186432"}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_rex_new_push_notification_endpoint","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"allow_test_auth","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagString","value":"disallow"}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_app_flirty_thirty","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_recirc_model","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"can_receive_tips_v0","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_marketing_emails","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_new_manage_membership_flow","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"android_enable_friend_links_creation","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_braintree_webhook","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_deprecate_legacy_providers_v3","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_speechify_ios","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_billing_frequency_on_step2","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagString","value":"control"}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"available_annual_premium_plan","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagString","value":"4a442ace1476"}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"coronavirus_topic_recirc","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_abandoned_cart_promotion_email","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_apple_sign_in","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_braintree_client","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_lite_server_upstream_deadlines","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_maim_the_meter","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_automod","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_explicit_signals","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_explicit_signals_updated_post_previews","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_mastodon_avatar_upload","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"android_rating_prompt_stories_read_threshold","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagNumber","value":2}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_author_cards_byline","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_ios_offline_reading","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_group_gifting","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"ios_iceland_nux","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"redefined_top_posts","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_android_miro_v2","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_tick_landing_page","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_mastodon_for_members","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_configure_pronouns","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"price_smoke_test_yearly","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagString","value":""}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_moc_load_processor_c","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_susi_redesign_ios","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_sprig","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"ios_enable_friend_links_creation","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"ios_remove_twitter_onboarding_step","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"limit_post_referrers","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_bg_post_post","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_rex_aggregator_v2","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_android_verified_author","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_newsletter_lo_flow_custom_domains","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"ios_enable_verified_book_author","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"available_monthly_plan","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagString","value":"60e220181034"}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_author_cards","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_premium_tier_badge","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"reader_fair_distribution_non_qp","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_branch_io","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"android_enable_image_sharer","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"ios_in_app_free_trial","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"can_send_tips_v0","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_pp_country_expansion","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_update_explore_wtf","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_verifications_service","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_import","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_ranker_v10","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagString","value":"control"}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_tipping_v0_ios","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_update_topic_portals_wtf","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_lite_response_markup","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"goliath_externalsearch_enable_comment_deindexation","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"disable_partner_program_enrollment","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_diversification_rex","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_switch_plan_premium_tier","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_aurora_pub_follower_page","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_pill_based_home_feed","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_pre_pp_v4","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_speechify_widget","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"skip_fs_cache_user_vals","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_ios_easy_resubscribe","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_moc_load_processor_first_story","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"browsable_stream_config_bucket","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagString","value":"curated-topics"}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_see_pronouns","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_auto_follow_on_subscribe","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_google_one_tap","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_legacy_feed_in_iceland","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_seamless_social_sharing","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"ios_display_paywall_after_onboarding","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_intrinsic_automatic_actions","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"android_enable_lists_v2","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_braintree_paypal","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_footer_app_buttons","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_starspace","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_lite_homepage","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_publication_hierarchy_web","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"android_enable_friend_links_postpage_banners","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_braintree_apple_pay","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_iceland_forced_android","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_post_bottom_responses_input","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_post_bottom_responses","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_rex_reading_history","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_updated_pub_recs_ui","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_pp_v4","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"limit_user_follows","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_ml_rank_rex_anno","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"android_enable_editor_new_publishing_flow","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_tipping_v0_android","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_lo_homepage","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagString","value":"control"}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"ios_enable_friend_links_postpage_banners","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"num_post_bottom_responses_to_show","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagString","value":"3"}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"reengagement_notification_duration","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagNumber","value":3}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"allow_signup","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}},{"__typename":"VariantFlag","name":"enable_braintree_integration","valueType":{"__typename":"VariantFlagBoolean","value":true}}],"collectionByDomainOrSlug({\"domainOrSlug\":\"uxdesign.cc\"})":{"__ref":"Collection:138adf9c44c"},"postResult({\"id\":\"10c4b956a6c3\"})":{"__ref":"Post:10c4b956a6c3"}},"ImageMetadata:1*dn6MbbIIlwobt0jnUcrt_Q.png":{"__typename":"ImageMetadata","id":"1*dn6MbbIIlwobt0jnUcrt_Q.png"},"Collection:138adf9c44c":{"__typename":"Collection","id":"138adf9c44c","favicon":{"__ref":"ImageMetadata:1*dn6MbbIIlwobt0jnUcrt_Q.png"},"customStyleSheet":null,"colorPalette":{"__typename":"ColorPalette","highlightSpectrum":{"__typename":"ColorSpectrum","backgroundColor":"#FFFFFFFF","colorPoints":[{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FFF5F2F1","point":0},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FFF3F0EF","point":0.1},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FFF1EEED","point":0.2},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FFEFECEC","point":0.3},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FFEDEAEA","point":0.4},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FFEBE8E8","point":0.5},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FFE9E6E6","point":0.6},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FFE7E5E4","point":0.7},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FFE5E3E2","point":0.8},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FFE4E1E0","point":0.9},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FFE2DFDE","point":1}]},"defaultBackgroundSpectrum":{"__typename":"ColorSpectrum","backgroundColor":"#FFFFFFFF","colorPoints":[{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FF868484","point":0},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FF7C7B7A","point":0.1},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FF737171","point":0.2},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FF696867","point":0.3},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FF5F5E5E","point":0.4},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FF555454","point":0.5},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FF4A4949","point":0.6},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FF3F3E3E","point":0.7},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FF343333","point":0.8},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FF272727","point":0.9},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FF1A1A1A","point":1}]},"tintBackgroundSpectrum":{"__typename":"ColorSpectrum","backgroundColor":"#FF000000","colorPoints":[{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FF000000","point":0},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FF1E1D1D","point":0.1},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FF3C3B3B","point":0.2},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FF565555","point":0.3},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FF6F6D6D","point":0.4},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FF868484","point":0.5},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FF9C9A99","point":0.6},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FFB1AEAE","point":0.7},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FFC5C3C2","point":0.8},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FFD9D6D6","point":0.9},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FFECE9E9","point":1}]}},"domain":"uxdesign.cc","slug":"user-experience-design-1","googleAnalyticsId":"UA-41116679-1","editors":[{"__typename":"CollectionMastheadUserItem","user":{"__ref":"User:50e39baefa55"}},{"__typename":"CollectionMastheadUserItem","user":{"__ref":"User:27353c0f540b"}}],"name":"UX Collective","avatar":{"__ref":"ImageMetadata:1*mDhF9X4VO0rCrJvWFatyxg.png"},"description":"We believe designers are thinkers as much as they are makers. Curated stories on UX, Visual & Product Design. https:\u002F\u002Flinktr.ee\u002Fuxc","subscriberCount":509753,"latestPostsConnection({\"paging\":{\"limit\":1}})":{"__typename":"PostConnection","posts":[{"__ref":"Post:bac953355846"}]},"viewerEdge":{"__ref":"CollectionViewerEdge:collectionId:138adf9c44c-viewerId:lo_d18f32388963"},"twitterUsername":"uxdesigncc","facebookPageId":null,"logo":{"__ref":"ImageMetadata:1*9V9oqYyYnfP5yy7cb7YTMQ.png"}},"User:50e39baefa55":{"__typename":"User","id":"50e39baefa55"},"User:27353c0f540b":{"__typename":"User","id":"27353c0f540b"},"ImageMetadata:1*mDhF9X4VO0rCrJvWFatyxg.png":{"__typename":"ImageMetadata","id":"1*mDhF9X4VO0rCrJvWFatyxg.png"},"User:808d6e761022":{"__typename":"User","id":"808d6e761022","customDomainState":{"__typename":"CustomDomainState","live":{"__typename":"CustomDomain","domain":"kaijzen.medium.com"}},"hasSubdomain":true,"username":"kaijzen"},"Post:bac953355846":{"__typename":"Post","id":"bac953355846","firstPublishedAt":1732626405948,"creator":{"__ref":"User:808d6e761022"},"collection":{"__ref":"Collection:138adf9c44c"},"isSeries":false,"mediumUrl":"https:\u002F\u002Fuxdesign.cc\u002Fif-you-think-your-design-portfolio-needs-improving-start-in-the-middle-bac953355846","sequence":null,"uniqueSlug":"if-you-think-your-design-portfolio-needs-improving-start-in-the-middle-bac953355846"},"LinkedAccounts:8d6c2e407e8a":{"__typename":"LinkedAccounts","mastodon":null,"id":"8d6c2e407e8a"},"UserViewerEdge:userId:8d6c2e407e8a-viewerId:lo_d18f32388963":{"__typename":"UserViewerEdge","id":"userId:8d6c2e407e8a-viewerId:lo_d18f32388963","isFollowing":false,"isUser":false,"isMuting":false},"NewsletterV3:ee94c54e25b2":{"__typename":"NewsletterV3","id":"ee94c54e25b2","type":"NEWSLETTER_TYPE_AUTHOR","slug":"8d6c2e407e8a","name":"8d6c2e407e8a","collection":null,"user":{"__ref":"User:8d6c2e407e8a"}},"User:8d6c2e407e8a":{"__typename":"User","id":"8d6c2e407e8a","name":"Nick DiLallo","username":"nickdilallo","newsletterV3":{"__ref":"NewsletterV3:ee94c54e25b2"},"linkedAccounts":{"__ref":"LinkedAccounts:8d6c2e407e8a"},"isSuspended":false,"imageId":"1*uh7Xc37k-svIr7o2_Wfy6g.jpeg","mediumMemberAt":0,"verifications":{"__typename":"VerifiedInfo","isBookAuthor":false},"socialStats":{"__typename":"SocialStats","followerCount":1301,"followingCount":2,"collectionFollowingCount":2},"customDomainState":null,"hasSubdomain":false,"bio":"nickdilallo.com","isPartnerProgramEnrolled":false,"viewerEdge":{"__ref":"UserViewerEdge:userId:8d6c2e407e8a-viewerId:lo_d18f32388963"},"viewerIsUser":false,"postSubscribeMembershipUpsellShownAt":0,"membership":null,"allowNotes":true,"twitterScreenName":"nickdilallo"},"Topic:617a1adb36d5":{"__typename":"Topic","slug":"ux","id":"617a1adb36d5","name":"UX"},"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_0":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"f2729666ac25_0","name":"be48","type":"H3","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"This is good UX writing","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_1":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"f2729666ac25_1","name":"9913","type":"H4","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"Eight principles for every interface you’ll ever write.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"ImageMetadata:1*B8TrE0fPkZI43i7JaLAzyw.png":{"__typename":"ImageMetadata","id":"1*B8TrE0fPkZI43i7JaLAzyw.png","originalHeight":1620,"originalWidth":2880,"focusPercentX":null,"focusPercentY":null,"alt":"A marker drawing the letters UX."},"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_2":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"f2729666ac25_2","name":"4cc7","type":"IMG","href":null,"layout":"OUTSET_CENTER","metadata":{"__ref":"ImageMetadata:1*B8TrE0fPkZI43i7JaLAzyw.png"},"text":"","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_3":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"f2729666ac25_3","name":"ed64","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"A few years ago, someone emailed me with a question: What makes UX writing good? They knew the basics, they said. And they knew what good writing looked like. But they wanted to know specifically about UX writing. How to think about it and evaluate it, what approach to take when staring down a blank page or struggling with a new design.","hasDropCap":true,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"EM","start":138,"end":145,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_4":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"f2729666ac25_4","name":"da54","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"I emailed back a couple paragraphs about using words to improve interfaces and how to better integrate writing into a design team. They thanked me for my reply, and that was that.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_5":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"f2729666ac25_5","name":"0946","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"But the question stuck with me. It’d be in the back of my mind when I was working on a new app or crafting the content approach for an interactive tool. I thought about it every time I wrote anything: an onboarding flow, a button, an error message. What makes UX writing good?","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_6":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"f2729666ac25_6","name":"b515","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"Three years later, I emailed back another answer. A better one. I told them, these are my Principles of UX Writing. They shape every digital product I’ve ever written.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_7":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"f2729666ac25_7","name":"d707","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"Here’s what I wrote.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_8":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"f2729666ac25_8","name":"4505","type":"H3","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"Good UX writing improves the user experience.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":0,"end":45,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_9":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"f2729666ac25_9","name":"f397","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"It makes flows simpler, actions clearer, and choices easier. It reduces complexity and lets people do what they want. It makes sure nobody gets lost or confused or frustrated.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"ImageMetadata:1*qJ__v1JD6RntJsWbM8vdMQ.png":{"__typename":"ImageMetadata","id":"1*qJ__v1JD6RntJsWbM8vdMQ.png","originalHeight":1980,"originalWidth":4320,"focusPercentX":null,"focusPercentY":null,"alt":"One search bar just says “search.” The other gives a suggestion and says, “Try ‘action movies.’”"},"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_10":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"f2729666ac25_10","name":"4edb","type":"IMG","href":null,"layout":"OUTSET_CENTER","metadata":{"__ref":"ImageMetadata:1*qJ__v1JD6RntJsWbM8vdMQ.png"},"text":"Adding specificity helps people know what to search.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_11":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"f2729666ac25_11","name":"fcb5","type":"H3","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"Good UX writing tells the truth.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":0,"end":32,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_12":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"f2729666ac25_12","name":"6493","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"It explains and clarifies without trying to mislead or hide information. It writes with the appropriate level of urgency. If it doesn’t know the answer, it doesn’t make one up.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"ImageMetadata:1*ouIVlNjG4iV2gZl6aXBjkA.png":{"__typename":"ImageMetadata","id":"1*ouIVlNjG4iV2gZl6aXBjkA.png","originalHeight":1980,"originalWidth":4320,"focusPercentX":null,"focusPercentY":null,"alt":"One e-commerce listing shouts “Selling out fast!” The other says simply, “17 pairs available.”"},"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_13":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"f2729666ac25_13","name":"b542","type":"IMG","href":null,"layout":"OUTSET_CENTER","metadata":{"__ref":"ImageMetadata:1*ouIVlNjG4iV2gZl6aXBjkA.png"},"text":"False urgency is deceptive and disrespectful.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_14":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"f2729666ac25_14","name":"13c1","type":"H3","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"Good UX writing includes everybody.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":0,"end":35,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_15":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"f2729666ac25_15","name":"2ba4","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"It respects different genders, ethnicities, abilities, sexual orientations, and backgrounds without judgement or discrimination. It considers screen readers and alt-text.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_16":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"f2729666ac25_16","name":"a330","type":"H3","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"Good UX writing says the right thing at the right time.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":0,"end":55,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_17":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"f2729666ac25_17","name":"c38f","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"It tells people what they need to know, paying attention to context, intent, and emotion. It puts the most important information first. It cuts what it can and simplifies the rest.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"ImageMetadata:1*MPg20sxjag8rpWDtFPDBIw.png":{"__typename":"ImageMetadata","id":"1*MPg20sxjag8rpWDtFPDBIw.png","originalHeight":1980,"originalWidth":4320,"focusPercentX":null,"focusPercentY":null,"alt":"One screen shows a complicated order number and a link to more details. The other says the name of the item and delivery date"},"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_18":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"f2729666ac25_18","name":"fd73","type":"IMG","href":null,"layout":"OUTSET_CENTER","metadata":{"__ref":"ImageMetadata:1*MPg20sxjag8rpWDtFPDBIw.png"},"text":"Nobody remembers order numbers. Everybody wants to know when their packages will arrive.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_19":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"f2729666ac25_19","name":"80f7","type":"H3","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"Good UX writing serves a functional purpose.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":0,"end":44,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_20":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"f2729666ac25_20","name":"5caa","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"It does more than “balance out” a design. It guides and explains. It enhances structure and adds personality. It exists because the interface would be worse without it.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_21":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"f2729666ac25_21","name":"358c","type":"H3","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"Good UX writing is sometimes no writing at all.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":0,"end":47,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_22":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"f2729666ac25_22","name":"258e","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"It goes away when it’s not needed.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"ImageMetadata:1*Cwf3eGGcv8dT46au62hbfw.png":{"__typename":"ImageMetadata","id":"1*Cwf3eGGcv8dT46au62hbfw.png","originalHeight":1980,"originalWidth":4320,"focusPercentX":null,"focusPercentY":null,"alt":"Images of interfaces without words: a calendar, a clock, and a calculator."},"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_23":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"f2729666ac25_23","name":"a644","type":"IMG","href":null,"layout":"OUTSET_CENTER","metadata":{"__ref":"ImageMetadata:1*Cwf3eGGcv8dT46au62hbfw.png"},"text":"A calculator shouldn’t have a welcome message.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_24":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"f2729666ac25_24","name":"faa8","type":"H3","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"Good UX writing stays consistent.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":0,"end":33,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_25":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"f2729666ac25_25","name":"4126","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"It follows a messaging framework and writes with a core set of vocabulary. It sometimes changes its tone, but it always sounds like the same brand voice. It has predictable patterns and structure.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"ImageMetadata:1*_MkxOhNSDk3V1OTlg6LtLQ.png":{"__typename":"ImageMetadata","id":"1*_MkxOhNSDk3V1OTlg6LtLQ.png","originalHeight":1980,"originalWidth":4320,"focusPercentX":null,"focusPercentY":null,"alt":"Two screens from an interface with a consistent, playful brand voice that uses emojis."},"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_26":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"f2729666ac25_26","name":"9e15","type":"IMG","href":null,"layout":"OUTSET_CENTER","metadata":{"__ref":"ImageMetadata:1*_MkxOhNSDk3V1OTlg6LtLQ.png"},"text":"Does your product use playful language and lots of emojis? Keep it that way across every screen.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_27":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"f2729666ac25_27","name":"ea32","type":"H3","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"Good UX writing is good writing.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":0,"end":32,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_28":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"f2729666ac25_28","name":"ed32","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"It uses the same tools and techniques as all writing, including diction, syntax, grammar, point of view, punctuation, rhythm, and style. It understands which rules to follow and why. It breaks those rules when it has a good reason.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"ImageMetadata:0*atcyjjahqWB0DwBT":{"__typename":"ImageMetadata","id":"0*atcyjjahqWB0DwBT","originalHeight":40,"originalWidth":94,"focusPercentX":null,"focusPercentY":null,"alt":null},"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_29":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"f2729666ac25_29","name":"fda9","type":"IMG","href":null,"layout":"INSET_CENTER","metadata":{"__ref":"ImageMetadata:0*atcyjjahqWB0DwBT"},"text":"The UX Collective donates US$1 for each article published in our platform. This story contributed to Bay Area Black Designers: a professional development community for Black people who are digital designers and researchers in the San Francisco Bay Area. By joining together in community, members share inspiration, connection, peer mentorship, professional development, resources, feedback, support, and resilience. Silence against systemic racism is not an option. Build the design community you believe in.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"A","start":101,"end":125,"href":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bayareablackdesigners.com\u002F","anchorType":"LINK","userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"CollectionViewerEdge:collectionId:138adf9c44c-viewerId:lo_d18f32388963":{"__typename":"CollectionViewerEdge","id":"collectionId:138adf9c44c-viewerId:lo_d18f32388963","isEditor":false,"isMuting":false},"ImageMetadata:1*9V9oqYyYnfP5yy7cb7YTMQ.png":{"__typename":"ImageMetadata","id":"1*9V9oqYyYnfP5yy7cb7YTMQ.png","originalWidth":612,"originalHeight":102},"PostViewerEdge:postId:10c4b956a6c3-viewerId:lo_d18f32388963":{"__typename":"PostViewerEdge","shouldIndexPostForExternalSearch":true,"id":"postId:10c4b956a6c3-viewerId:lo_d18f32388963"},"Tag:writing":{"__typename":"Tag","id":"writing","displayTitle":"Writing","normalizedTagSlug":"writing"},"Tag:ux-writing":{"__typename":"Tag","id":"ux-writing","displayTitle":"Ux Writing","normalizedTagSlug":"ux-writing"},"Tag:design":{"__typename":"Tag","id":"design","displayTitle":"Design","normalizedTagSlug":"design"},"Tag:content-strategy":{"__typename":"Tag","id":"content-strategy","displayTitle":"Content Strategy","normalizedTagSlug":"content-strategy"},"Tag:ux":{"__typename":"Tag","id":"ux","displayTitle":"UX","normalizedTagSlug":"ux"},"Post:10c4b956a6c3":{"__typename":"Post","id":"10c4b956a6c3","collection":{"__ref":"Collection:138adf9c44c"},"content({\"postMeteringOptions\":{}})":{"__typename":"PostContent","isLockedPreviewOnly":false,"bodyModel":{"__typename":"RichText","sections":[{"__typename":"Section","name":"25cd","startIndex":0,"textLayout":null,"imageLayout":null,"backgroundImage":null,"videoLayout":null,"backgroundVideo":null},{"__typename":"Section","name":"9966","startIndex":3,"textLayout":null,"imageLayout":null,"backgroundImage":null,"videoLayout":null,"backgroundVideo":null},{"__typename":"Section","name":"20f8","startIndex":8,"textLayout":null,"imageLayout":null,"backgroundImage":null,"videoLayout":null,"backgroundVideo":null}],"paragraphs":[{"__ref":"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_0"},{"__ref":"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_1"},{"__ref":"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_2"},{"__ref":"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_3"},{"__ref":"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_4"},{"__ref":"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_5"},{"__ref":"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_6"},{"__ref":"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_7"},{"__ref":"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_8"},{"__ref":"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_9"},{"__ref":"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_10"},{"__ref":"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_11"},{"__ref":"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_12"},{"__ref":"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_13"},{"__ref":"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_14"},{"__ref":"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_15"},{"__ref":"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_16"},{"__ref":"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_17"},{"__ref":"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_18"},{"__ref":"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_19"},{"__ref":"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_20"},{"__ref":"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_21"},{"__ref":"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_22"},{"__ref":"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_23"},{"__ref":"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_24"},{"__ref":"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_25"},{"__ref":"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_26"},{"__ref":"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_27"},{"__ref":"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_28"},{"__ref":"Paragraph:f2729666ac25_29"}]},"validatedShareKey":"","shareKeyCreator":null},"creator":{"__ref":"User:8d6c2e407e8a"},"inResponseToEntityType":null,"isLocked":false,"isMarkedPaywallOnly":false,"lockedSource":"LOCKED_POST_SOURCE_NONE","mediumUrl":"https:\u002F\u002Fuxdesign.cc\u002Fthis-is-good-ux-writing-10c4b956a6c3","primaryTopic":{"__ref":"Topic:617a1adb36d5"},"topics":[{"__typename":"Topic","slug":"writing"},{"__typename":"Topic","slug":"design"},{"__typename":"Topic","slug":"ux"}],"isPublished":true,"latestPublishedVersion":"f2729666ac25","visibility":"PUBLIC","postResponses":{"__typename":"PostResponses","count":12},"clapCount":3170,"allowResponses":true,"isLimitedState":false,"title":"This is good UX writing","isSeries":false,"sequence":null,"uniqueSlug":"this-is-good-ux-writing-10c4b956a6c3","socialTitle":"","socialDek":"","canonicalUrl":"","metaDescription":"","latestPublishedAt":1601817781768,"readingTime":2.8122641509433963,"previewContent":{"__typename":"PreviewContent","subtitle":"Eight principles for every interface you’ll ever write."},"previewImage":{"__ref":"ImageMetadata:1*B8TrE0fPkZI43i7JaLAzyw.png"},"isShortform":false,"seoTitle":"","firstPublishedAt":1600731005768,"updatedAt":1676367801147,"shortformType":"SHORTFORM_TYPE_LINK","seoDescription":"","viewerEdge":{"__ref":"PostViewerEdge:postId:10c4b956a6c3-viewerId:lo_d18f32388963"},"isSuspended":false,"license":"ALL_RIGHTS_RESERVED","tags":[{"__ref":"Tag:writing"},{"__ref":"Tag:ux-writing"},{"__ref":"Tag:design"},{"__ref":"Tag:content-strategy"},{"__ref":"Tag:ux"}],"isNewsletter":false,"statusForCollection":"APPROVED","pendingCollection":null,"detectedLanguage":"en","wordCount":467,"layerCake":1,"responsesLocked":false}}</script><script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/manifest.aa9242f7.js"></script><script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/9865.1496d74a.js"></script><script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/main.e556b4ac.js"></script><script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/instrumentation.d9108df7.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/reporting.ff22a7a5.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/9120.5df29668.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/5049.d1ead72d.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/4810.6318add7.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/6618.db187378.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/2707.b0942613.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/9977.5b3eb23a.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/8599.1ab63137.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/5250.9f9e01d2.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/5787.e66a3a4d.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/2648.26563adf.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/8393.826a25fb.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/3104.c3413b66.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/3735.afb7e926.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/5642.8ad8a900.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/6546.cd03f950.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/6834.08de95de.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/7346.72622eb9.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/2420.2a5e2d95.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/839.ca7937c2.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/7975.d195c6f1.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/2106.21ff89d3.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/7394.094844de.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/2961.00a48598.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/8204.c4082863.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/4391.59acaed3.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/PostPage.MainContent.1387c5dc.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/8414.6565ad5f.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/3974.8d3e0217.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/2527.a0afad8a.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/PostResponsesContent.36c2ecf4.chunk.js"></script><script>window.main();</script><script>(function(){function c(){var b=a.contentDocument||a.contentWindow.document;if(b){var d=b.createElement('script');d.innerHTML="window.__CF$cv$params={r:'8e9253e98ce0ce85',t:'MTczMjcxMjcwNi4wMDAwMDA='};var a=document.createElement('script');a.nonce='';a.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js';document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(a);";b.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(d)}}if(document.body){var a=document.createElement('iframe');a.height=1;a.width=1;a.style.position='absolute';a.style.top=0;a.style.left=0;a.style.border='none';a.style.visibility='hidden';document.body.appendChild(a);if('loading'!==document.readyState)c();else if(window.addEventListener)document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',c);else{var e=document.onreadystatechange||function(){};document.onreadystatechange=function(b){e(b);'loading'!==document.readyState&&(document.onreadystatechange=e,c())}}}})();</script></body></html>