CINXE.COM

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>Pasture and Environment Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/equine/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-156" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/equine/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-159" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/equine/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-162" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/equine/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-165" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/equine/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-168" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/equine/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-171" >Personal Safety </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/equine/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-174" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-195" >Swine</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Swine</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-195"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/production-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-198" >Production and Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/product-quality" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-201" >Product Quality</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-204" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-207" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-210" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-213" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-216" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-219" >Personal Safety </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-222" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-243" >Goats</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Goats</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-243"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/production-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-246" >Production and Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/product-quality" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-249" >Product Quality</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-252" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-255" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-258" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-261" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-264" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-267" >Personal Safety </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-270" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-291" >Sheep</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Sheep</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-291"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/production-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-294" >Production and Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/product-quality" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-297" >Product Quality</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-300" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-303" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-306" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-309" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-312" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-315" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-318" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-339" >Llamas and Alpacas</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Llamas and Alpacas</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-339"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-348" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-351" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-357" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-360" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-366" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-2608" >Canine</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Canine</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-2608"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2611" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine/behavior-and-welfare" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2614" >Behavior and Welfare</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2617" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2620" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item  main-menu__item--parent level0"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-387" >Forage and Food Crops </a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Forage and Food Crops </span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div> <div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level1" data-menu="menu-387"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level1 1"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-0" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-390" >Agronomic Crops</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Agronomic Crops</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-390"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-393" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-396" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-399" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-402" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-405" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-408" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-411" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-414" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-417" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-438" >Cover Crops</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Cover Crops</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-438"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-441" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-444" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-447" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-450" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-453" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-456" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-459" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-462" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-465" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-483" >Forages</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Forages</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-483"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-486" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-489" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-492" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/forage-quality-and-testing" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-495" >Forage Quality and Testing</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-498" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-501" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-504" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-507" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-510" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-513" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-537" >Fruit</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Fruit</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-537"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-540" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/cultivars-and-rootstocks" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-543" >Cultivars and Rootstocks</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-546" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-549" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-552" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-555" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-558" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-561" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-564" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-636" >Mushrooms</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Mushrooms</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-636"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-639" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms/substrate-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-645" >Substrate Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-648" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms/food-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-651" >Food Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-657" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-585" >Vegetables</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Vegetables</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-585"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-588" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-591" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-594" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-597" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-600" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-603" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-606" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-609" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-612" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item  main-menu__item--parent level0"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-675" >Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping</a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div> <div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level1" data-menu="menu-675"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level1 1"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-0" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/aquatic-plants-and-algae" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-2431" >Aquatic Plants and Algae</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Aquatic Plants and Algae</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-2431"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/aquatic-plants-and-algae" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/aquatic-plants-and-algae/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-828" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/aquatic-plants-and-algae/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-831" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/aquatic-plants-and-algae/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-837" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/christmas-trees" class="main-menu__inner-link 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href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/farm-food-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/farm-food-safety/good-agricultural-practices" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1284" >Good Agricultural Practices</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/farm-food-safety/regulations" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1287" >Regulations</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/food-service-and-retail" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1311" >Food Service and Retail</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Food Service and Retail</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1311"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/food-service-and-retail" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/food-service-and-retail/food-service-safety" 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href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/home-food-preservation-and-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1344" >Home Food Preservation and Safety</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Home Food Preservation and Safety</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1344"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/home-food-preservation-and-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a 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class="back"><span>Grape and Wine Production</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1374"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/grape-and-wine-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/grape-and-wine-production/grape-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1377" >Grape Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/grape-and-wine-production/wine-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1380" >Wine Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/grape-and-wine-production/business-management-and-marketing" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1383" >Business Management and Marketing</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/beer-hard-cider-and-distilled-spirits" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1404" >Beer, Hard Cider, and Distilled Spirits</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Beer, Hard Cider, and Distilled Spirits</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1404"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/beer-hard-cider-and-distilled-spirits" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/beer-hard-cider-and-distilled-spirits/production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1407" >Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 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href="https://extension.psu.edu/water" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-0" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/drinking-and-residential-water" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1437" >Drinking and Residential Water</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Drinking and Residential Water</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1437"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/drinking-and-residential-water" class="main-menu__inner-link 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data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1539"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/wastewater-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/wastewater-management/private-septic-systems" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1542" >Private Septic Systems</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/wastewater-management/industrial" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1545" >Industrial</a> 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category361"> <strong>Pests and Diseases</strong> </li> </ul></nav> <div class="widget block block-static-block"><div data-content-type="html" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-decoded="true"><style> @media print { .noprint { display: none !important; } } </style></div></div> <div class="widget block block-static-block"><div data-content-type="html" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-decoded="true"><style> @media print { .noprint { display: none !important; } } </style></div></div><main id="maincontent" class="page-main"> <a id="contentarea" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="parent-category-name">Forest Management</span> <div class="page-title-wrapper"><h1 class="page-title" id="page-title-heading" aria-labelledby="page-title-heading toolbar-amount" ><span class="base" data-ui-id="page-title-wrapper" >Pests and Diseases</span></h1> </div><div class="page messages"> <div data-placeholder="messages"></div> <div data-bind="scope: 'messages'"><div aria-atomic="true" role="alert" class="messages" data-bind="foreach: { data: cookieMessagesObservable(), as: 'message' }"><div data-bind="attr: { class: 'message-' + message.type + ' ' + message.type + ' message', 'data-ui-id': 'message-' + message.type }"><div data-bind="html: $parent.prepareMessageForHtml(message.text)"></div></div></div><div aria-atomic="true" role="alert" class="messages" data-bind="foreach: { data: messages().messages, as: 'message' }, afterRender: purgeMessages"><div data-bind="attr: { class: 'message-' + message.type + ' ' + message.type + ' message', 'data-ui-id': 'message-' + message.type }"><div data-bind="html: $parent.prepareMessageForHtml(message.text)"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="category-view"> <div class="category-description"><p>Pests and diseases can have a severe impact on the health and economic output of forests. On this page, access educational resources on private forest pests and diseases. Additionally, find information on spotted lanternfly, worms, caterpillars, weevils, mites, knotweed, multiflora rose, and invasive weeds.</p> <h2>Invasive Forest Insects</h2> <p>Invasive, non-native insects compete with native species, affect local habitats, and alter the forest’s ecosystem. Invasive insect pests, such as the <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/spotted-lanternfly-management-and-pesticide-safety">spotted lanternfly (SLF)</a>, are a serious ecological threat for Pennsylvania forests.</p> <p>The spotted lanternfly feeds on many plants but is particularly attracted to the tree-of-heaven, an invasive forest tree. Comprehensive <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/spotted-lanternfly-management-resources">SLF management resources</a>, as well as <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/spotted-lanternfly-permit-training">permit training for business</a>, are available through Penn State Extension.</p> <p>The <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/emerald-ash-borer">emerald ash borer (EAB)</a> is another destructive insect that can be encountered in PA forests. EAB is a wood-boring beetle that has caused the decline and mortality of many North American ash trees. Explore recent control efforts for EAB and other invasive forest pests during the <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/invasive-forest-insects">Invasive Insects</a> webinar.</p> <h2>Common Forest Pests and Diseases</h2> <p>Pests and diseases have a significant impact on forest ecosystems. They can affect leaves, stems, and crowns, which in turn can damage the condition and growth of trees. What is more, forest pest and disease issues can reduce wood quality and yields.</p> <p><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/cankers-of-hardwood-deciduous-trees">Cankers</a> are among the more widespread tree problems. They can affect species such as elm, beech, and <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/hemlock-diseases">hemlock trees</a>. In this section, you will discover informational tables on prevalent forest diseases, including <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/ash-diseases">ash</a>, <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/maple-diseases">maple</a>, and <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/oak-diseases">oak diseases</a>. Private forest owners can learn how to diagnose and manage <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/elm-diseases">elm</a>, <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/beech-diseases">beech</a>, <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/hemlock-diseases">hemlock</a>, and <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/pine-diseases">pine diseases</a> as well. Tips on symptoms, causes, and management tactics are available.</p> <p>Pennsylvania forests can be attacked by various pests, as well. A typical native pest of hardwood trees in North America is the fall cankerworm. Mature larvae feed on leaves and can often defoliate an entire tree.</p> <p>Other forest insects, such as the <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/tuliptree-scale">tuliptree scale</a>, can cover twigs and branches, resulting in a rapid tree decline. Landowners should further remain alert for signs of infestations caused by <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/eastern-tent-caterpillar">eastern tent caterpillar</a>, birch leafminer, and <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/white-pine-weevil">white pine weevil</a>.</p> <h2>Private Forests and Pest Management</h2> <p>Forest pest management is primarily focused on preventing the entry and spread of invasive species while maintaining the woodland’s <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forest-biodiversity-understanding-biological-health-in-our-forests">biological health</a>. Pest control options include biological, mechanical, and chemical methods, typically depending upon the damage-causing species. With pests such as the <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forest-biodiversity-understanding-biological-health-in-our-forests">engraver beetle</a>, chemical control is generally only necessary for high-valued trees in residential or recreational settings.</p> <p>In many forests, invasive vegetation control is needed, as well. Before applying any herbicides, consider the <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/integrated-forest-vegetation-management">Integrated Vegetation Management</a> approach to ensure a healthy forest ecosystem.</p> <p>Detailed information on identifying and managing forest diseases and pests can be obtained through Penn State Extension. Resources are also available on topics such as becoming a certified <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/control-forest-pests-by-becoming-a-certified-pesticide-applicator">forest pesticide applicator</a>, as well as <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/ailanthus-control-and-spotted-lanternfly-trap-tree-approaches">managing tree-of-heaven</a> as part of SLF control strategies.</p></div> </div><div class="columns"><div class="sidebar sidebar-main"> <div class="block filter" id="layered-filter-block" data-mage-init='{"collapsible":{"openedState": "active", "collapsible": true, "active": false, "collateral": { "openedState": "filter-active", "element": "body" } }}'> <div class="block-title filter-title" data-count="0"><strong data-role="title">Narrow By</strong></div><div class="block-content filter-content"> <strong role="heading" aria-level="2" class="block-subtitle filter-subtitle">Narrow By:</strong> <div class="filter-options" id="narrow-by-list" data-role="content" 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2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/6/5/659e617df798c88452cb19bbbdc0b494.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/6/5/659e617df798c88452cb19bbbdc0b494.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Photo credit Calvin Norman"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-6830867b3ddc623520 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-6830867b3ddc623520 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-6830867b3ddc623520 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="805"></span> News</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/forest-snapshot-january-2025">Forest Snapshot January 2025</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute publish_date'><span class='label'>Date Posted </span><span class='value'>1/23/2025</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">This bi-monthly article is a collection of forest health observations, plant and animal phenology, important upcoming dates, and hunting season changes.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_32127" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forest-health-insect-and-disease-update" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-32127-67b3ddc623f04"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/f/1/f1ace609edcfbc7ffffc6f12c864706a.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/f/1/f1ace609edcfbc7ffffc6f12c864706a.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/f/1/f1ace609edcfbc7ffffc6f12c864706a.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Forest Health, Insect, and Disease Update and Core"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-3212767b3ddc623f04 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-3212767b3ddc623f04 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-3212767b3ddc623f04 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="810"></span> Webinars</div> <div class="price-box price-final_price" data-role="priceBox" data-product-id="32127" data-price-box="product-id-32127"> <p class="minimal-price"> <span class="price-container price-final_price tax weee" > <span class="price-label"></span> <span id="from-32127" data-price-amount="0" data-price-type="" class="price-wrapper " ><span class="price">Free</span></span> </span> </p></div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/forest-health-insect-and-disease-update">Forest Health, Insect, and Disease Update and Core</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute when'><span class='label'>When </span><span class='value'>03/13/2025</span></div> <div class='attribute length'><span class='label'>Length </span><span class='value'>2.5</span></div> <div class='attribute cvent_event_format'><span class='label'>Event Format </span><span class='value'>Virtual | Live</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Explore current threats to Pennsylvania's forests, impacts of pests and diseases, and strategies to maintain forest health in this free, 2.5-hour webinar for natural resource professionals.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_4962" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/using-insect-and-tick-repellents-safely" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-4962-67b3ddc625d80"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_222.png?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_222.png?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_222.png?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Using Insect and Tick Repellents Safely"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-496267b3ddc625d80 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-496267b3ddc625d80 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-496267b3ddc625d80 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/using-insect-and-tick-repellents-safely">Using Insect and Tick Repellents Safely</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Jamie Kopco, Ph.D. BCE, Sharon I Gripp, Amy Korman</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Repellents are chemicals applied to provide relief and protection from mosquitoes, ticks, and other biting pests. Proper and safe use of these chemicals is necessary.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_66817" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/fhb-flc" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-66817-67b3ddc62660f"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/5/5/55f3aa4ed54a43e7242998b7c9bb9cd9.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/5/5/55f3aa4ed54a43e7242998b7c9bb9cd9.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/5/5/55f3aa4ed54a43e7242998b7c9bb9cd9.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Forest Health, Insect, and Disease Briefing & Forest Landowners Conference"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-6681767b3ddc62660f { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-6681767b3ddc62660f span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-6681767b3ddc62660f span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="802"></span> Conferences</div> <div class="price-box price-final_price" data-role="priceBox" data-product-id="66817" data-price-box="product-id-66817"> <p class="minimal-price"> <span class="price-container price-final_price tax weee" > <span class="price-label"></span> <span id="from-66817" data-price-amount="85" data-price-type="" class="price-wrapper " ><span class="price">$85.00</span></span> </span> </p></div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/fhb-flc">Forest Health, Insect, and Disease Briefing & Forest Landowners Conference</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute when'><span class='label'>When </span><span class='value'>03/06/2025</span></div> <div class='attribute length'><span class='label'>Length </span><span class='value'>7-18 hrs (1-3 days)</span></div> <div class='attribute cvent_event_format'><span class='label'>Event Format </span><span class='value'>In-Person</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Discover a unique three-day event offering forest health updates, woodland stewardship workshops, expert presentations, field tours, and valuable resources for landowners and advocates.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_66598" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forest-snapshot-november-2024" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-66598-67b3ddc627eba"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/0/4/04b34e3ece103e6111ceb1c8e52712ce.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/0/4/04b34e3ece103e6111ceb1c8e52712ce.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/0/4/04b34e3ece103e6111ceb1c8e52712ce.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Aeriel view of Oak Decline. Photo credit Sarah Johnson"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-6659867b3ddc627eba { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-6659867b3ddc627eba span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-6659867b3ddc627eba span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="805"></span> News</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/forest-snapshot-november-2024">Forest Snapshot November 2024</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute publish_date'><span class='label'>Date Posted </span><span class='value'>11/18/2024</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">This bi-monthly article is a collection of forest health observations, plant and animal phenology, important upcoming dates, and hunting season changes.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_5442" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/how-to-remove-spotted-lanternfly-eggs" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-5442-67b3ddc6286e1"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/0/a/0adfccbe8b1d602a8fb68902c5436520.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/0/a/0adfccbe8b1d602a8fb68902c5436520.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/0/a/0adfccbe8b1d602a8fb68902c5436520.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="How To Remove Spotted Lanternfly Eggs"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-544267b3ddc6286e1 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-544267b3ddc6286e1 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-544267b3ddc6286e1 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="809"></span> Videos</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/how-to-remove-spotted-lanternfly-eggs">How To Remove Spotted Lanternfly Eggs</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Donald Seifrit</span></div> <div class='attribute length'><span class='label'>Length </span><span class='value'>1:14</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Learn how to scrape and destroy spotted lanternfly egg masses, which are visible between October and July.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_64978" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forest-snapshot-september-2024" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-64978-67b3ddc629016"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/3/5/35c1e565d3311e472ecaf466fa99f6a6.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/3/5/35c1e565d3311e472ecaf466fa99f6a6.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/3/5/35c1e565d3311e472ecaf466fa99f6a6.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Spongy Moth (Lymantria dispar). Photo credit Kendra McMillin"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-6497867b3ddc629016 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-6497867b3ddc629016 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-6497867b3ddc629016 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="805"></span> News</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/forest-snapshot-september-2024">Forest Snapshot September 2024</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute publish_date'><span class='label'>Date Posted </span><span class='value'>9/18/2024</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">This bi-monthly article is a collection of forest health observations, plant and animal phenology, important upcoming dates, and hunting season changes.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_35787" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/guide-to-spongy-moth-egg-mass-surveying" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-35787-67b3ddc6299a0"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_322_1_3_1_90_1_1_1_718.png?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_322_1_3_1_90_1_1_1_718.png?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_322_1_3_1_90_1_1_1_718.png?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="A forester counts egg masses through binoculars in an oak forest."/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-3578767b3ddc6299a0 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-3578767b3ddc6299a0 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-3578767b3ddc6299a0 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/guide-to-spongy-moth-egg-mass-surveying">Guide to Spongy Moth Egg Mass Surveying</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Sarah Wurzbacher</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Systematically survey egg masses of Lymantria dispar, or spongy moth (formerly "gypsy moth"), in fall and winter to assess the risk of damage next spring and decide whether aerially spraying control agents is worthwhile.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_63166" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forest-snapshot-july-2024" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-63166-67b3ddc62a284"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/d/8/d8fa45106b0e683c250f433d9ad99409.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/d/8/d8fa45106b0e683c250f433d9ad99409.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/d/8/d8fa45106b0e683c250f433d9ad99409.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Eastern Tent Caterpillars Photo credit James Altemus"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-6316667b3ddc62a284 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-6316667b3ddc62a284 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-6316667b3ddc62a284 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="805"></span> News</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/forest-snapshot-july-2024">Forest Snapshot July 2024</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute publish_date'><span class='label'>Date Posted </span><span class='value'>7/17/2024</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">This bi-monthly article is a collection of forest health observations, plant and animal phenology, important upcoming dates, and hunting season changes.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_62673" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/do-insects-matter-to-people" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-62673-67b3ddc62ab27"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/1/e/1e5d86563c986908cb04010bb525cb87.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/1/e/1e5d86563c986908cb04010bb525cb87.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/1/e/1e5d86563c986908cb04010bb525cb87.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Do Insects Matter to People?"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-6267367b3ddc62ab27 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-6267367b3ddc62ab27 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-6267367b3ddc62ab27 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="809"></span> Videos</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/do-insects-matter-to-people">Do Insects Matter to People?</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Sanford S. Smith, Ph.D., Michael J. Skvarla, John D. Laskowski a.k.a. "The Mothman"</span></div> <div class='attribute length'><span class='label'>Length </span><span class='value'>4:21</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Insects are often considered pests, but many are beneficial, helpful, valuable, and even tasty. Learn more about how insects matter to people.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_62265" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/no-ugly-forest-moths" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-62265-67b3ddc62b3fc"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/8/c/8cea4f09b74c9a18c8dd60e5b1a353af.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/8/c/8cea4f09b74c9a18c8dd60e5b1a353af.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/8/c/8cea4f09b74c9a18c8dd60e5b1a353af.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="No Ugly Forest Moths"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-6226567b3ddc62b3fc { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-6226567b3ddc62b3fc span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-6226567b3ddc62b3fc span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="809"></span> Videos</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/no-ugly-forest-moths">No Ugly Forest Moths</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Sanford S. Smith, Ph.D., John D. Laskowski</span></div> <div class='attribute length'><span class='label'>Length </span><span class='value'>5:45</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">There are over 4000 species of moths in North America, and they perform many important functions in forest ecosystems. Their life cycles and complex designs are amazing.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_24973" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/spotted-lanternfly-management-for-landscape-professionals" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-24973-67b3ddc62bca9"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_3777_1_2_1_262_1_23_1_28_2_11_2_2_2_38_1_94_7_2_24_46_6_414_49_21_45_2_25_15_1_9_1_18_9_6_5_1_21_3_29_8_2_1_13_5_1_3898.jpg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_3777_1_2_1_262_1_23_1_28_2_11_2_2_2_38_1_94_7_2_24_46_6_414_49_21_45_2_25_15_1_9_1_18_9_6_5_1_21_3_29_8_2_1_13_5_1_3898.jpg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_3777_1_2_1_262_1_23_1_28_2_11_2_2_2_38_1_94_7_2_24_46_6_414_49_21_45_2_25_15_1_9_1_18_9_6_5_1_21_3_29_8_2_1_13_5_1_3898.jpg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Photo: PA Department of Agriculture"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-2497367b3ddc62bca9 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-2497367b3ddc62bca9 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-2497367b3ddc62bca9 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/spotted-lanternfly-management-for-landscape-professionals">Spotted Lanternfly Management for Landscape Professionals</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Brian Walsh, Heather L Leach, Amy Korman, Emelie Swackhamer</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">A guide that reviews the identification, life cycle, and techniques for managing SLF. While it can cause significant damage to plants, it is a nuisance pest in the ornamental and landscape industries.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_34675" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/spotted-lanternfly-management-guide" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-34675-67b3ddc62c65a"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/f/8/f87f1a878eec8d8944536afb753c00b7.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/f/8/f87f1a878eec8d8944536afb753c00b7.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/f/8/f87f1a878eec8d8944536afb753c00b7.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Spotted Lanternfly Management Guide"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-3467567b3ddc62c65a { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-3467567b3ddc62c65a span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-3467567b3ddc62c65a span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/spotted-lanternfly-management-guide">Spotted Lanternfly Management Guide</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Publication providing comprehensive details on the spotted lanternfly, including identification and life cycle; quarantine and distribution; host range, phenology, and damage; and management.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_61597" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/invasion-ecology-and-horizon-scanning-for-invasive-organisms" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-61597-67b3ddc62d24a"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/9/d/9d5d4a150c3dd365a1547ef484bc7752.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/9/d/9d5d4a150c3dd365a1547ef484bc7752.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/9/d/9d5d4a150c3dd365a1547ef484bc7752.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Invasion Ecology and Horizon Scanning for Invasive Organisms"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-6159767b3ddc62d24a { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-6159767b3ddc62d24a span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-6159767b3ddc62d24a span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="809"></span> Videos</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/invasion-ecology-and-horizon-scanning-for-invasive-organisms">Invasion Ecology and Horizon Scanning for Invasive Organisms</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Sanford S. Smith, Ph.D., Deah Lieurance</span></div> <div class='attribute length'><span class='label'>Length </span><span class='value'>5:09</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Invasion ecology and horizon scanning for invasives are two new concepts that aid in preventing negative impacts from non-native organisms entering natural ecosystems.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_61279" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forest-snapshot-may-2024" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-61279-67b3ddc62dc7b"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/7/2/729ac5cd3f760b1450d56d838e83bffd.png?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/7/2/729ac5cd3f760b1450d56d838e83bffd.png?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/7/2/729ac5cd3f760b1450d56d838e83bffd.png?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Spring time forest. Photo credit: Margaret Brittingham"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-6127967b3ddc62dc7b { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-6127967b3ddc62dc7b span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-6127967b3ddc62dc7b span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="805"></span> News</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/forest-snapshot-may-2024">Forest Snapshot May 2024</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute publish_date'><span class='label'>Date Posted </span><span class='value'>5/23/2024</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">This bi-monthly article is a collection of forest health observations, plant and animal phenology, important upcoming dates, and hunting season changes.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_33877" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/preparing-for-high-spongy-moth-densities" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-33877-67b3ddc62e8e8"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/1/c/1c155cddeb95d27edddb1b5568caae79.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/1/c/1c155cddeb95d27edddb1b5568caae79.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/1/c/1c155cddeb95d27edddb1b5568caae79.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Lymantria dispar caterpillar.  Photo courtesy of Jim Altemus."/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-3387767b3ddc62e8e8 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-3387767b3ddc62e8e8 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-3387767b3ddc62e8e8 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/preparing-for-high-spongy-moth-densities">Preparing for High Spongy Moth Densities</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Sarah Wurzbacher</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Periodic Lymantria dispar, or spongy moth (formerly "gypsy moth"), outbreaks cause defoliation stress to many plant species. Know what to expect and what management options to consider when an outbreak occurs.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_59038" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forest-snapshot-march-2024" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-59038-67b3ddc62f43e"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/b/2/b2d3b1106dcaab5e917974b4ea4641da.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/b/2/b2d3b1106dcaab5e917974b4ea4641da.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/b/2/b2d3b1106dcaab5e917974b4ea4641da.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Spongy moth. Photo Credit: USDA APHIS, Bugwood.org"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-5903867b3ddc62f43e { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-5903867b3ddc62f43e span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-5903867b3ddc62f43e span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="805"></span> News</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/forest-snapshot-march-2024">Forest Snapshot March 2024</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute publish_date'><span class='label'>Date Posted </span><span class='value'>3/20/2024</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">This bi-monthly article is a collection of forest health observations, plant and animal phenology, important upcoming dates, and hunting season changes.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_58420" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/beech-leaf-disease" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-58420-67b3ddc62fce9"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/b/e/bef276fb93cd02ebe78c81c63adcea25.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/b/e/bef276fb93cd02ebe78c81c63adcea25.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/b/e/bef276fb93cd02ebe78c81c63adcea25.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="American beech that are impacted by beech leaf disease in central Pennsylvania. Photo credit: Mihail Kantor"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-5842067b3ddc62fce9 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-5842067b3ddc62fce9 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-5842067b3ddc62fce9 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/beech-leaf-disease">Beech Leaf Disease</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Calvin Norman, Mihail Kantor</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">This article discusses the cause of beech leaf disease (BLD), the lifecycle of this nematode (Litylenchus crenatae ssp. mccannii), the symptoms of BLD, and treatments.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_56895" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/frontiers-in-forest-health-managing-spongy-moth" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-56895-67b3ddc630525"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/0/9/09a08579cb5875b914888a61f042648e.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/0/9/09a08579cb5875b914888a61f042648e.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/0/9/09a08579cb5875b914888a61f042648e.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Frontiers in Forest Health: Managing Spongy Moth"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-5689567b3ddc630525 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-5689567b3ddc630525 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-5689567b3ddc630525 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="810"></span> Webinars</div> <div class="price-box price-final_price" data-role="priceBox" data-product-id="56895" data-price-box="product-id-56895"> <p class="minimal-price"> <span class="price-container price-final_price tax weee" > <span class="price-label"></span> <span id="from-56895" data-price-amount="0" data-price-type="" class="price-wrapper " ><span class="price">Free</span></span> </span> </p></div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/frontiers-in-forest-health-managing-spongy-moth">Frontiers in Forest Health: Managing Spongy Moth</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute when'><span class='label'>When </span><span class='value'>Watch Now</span></div> <div class='attribute length'><span class='label'>Length </span><span class='value'>1 hour, 15 minutes</span></div> <div class='attribute recorded'><span class='label'>Recorded </span><span class='value'>Feb 27, 2024</span></div> <div class='attribute cvent_event_format'><span class='label'>Event Format </span><span class='value'>On-Demand | Recorded</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Perfect webinar for foresters, loggers, and wildlife biologists! Learn about the Spongy Moth's history, biology, and management tools. Earn 1 credit from ISA and SAF.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_33060" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/silent-survivors-the-winter-life-of-trees-video" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-33060-67b3ddc63234d"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/3/c/3c8caeb2fe25ba0dc650c4b4226ac05b.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/3/c/3c8caeb2fe25ba0dc650c4b4226ac05b.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/3/c/3c8caeb2fe25ba0dc650c4b4226ac05b.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Silent Survivors: The Winter Life of Trees"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-3306067b3ddc63234d { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-3306067b3ddc63234d span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-3306067b3ddc63234d span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="809"></span> Videos</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/silent-survivors-the-winter-life-of-trees-video">Silent Survivors: The Winter Life of Trees</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Sanford S. Smith, Ph.D.</span></div> <div class='attribute length'><span class='label'>Length </span><span class='value'>4:43</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Trees face climatic challenges each winter in their mission to add another annual ring of growth. This video explores a few important ways trees endure the winter months.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_32820" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/silent-survivors-the-winter-life-of-trees" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-32820-67b3ddc632c1e"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/d/5/d5743cbc6ad7a02be0fa1cdd64dad783.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/d/5/d5743cbc6ad7a02be0fa1cdd64dad783.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/d/5/d5743cbc6ad7a02be0fa1cdd64dad783.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Trees must survive climatic challenges in addition to many enemies and pests."/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-3282067b3ddc632c1e { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-3282067b3ddc632c1e span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-3282067b3ddc632c1e span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/silent-survivors-the-winter-life-of-trees">Silent Survivors: The Winter Life of Trees</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Sanford S. Smith, Ph.D., Paul Lupo</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Trees have many enemies. Insects, diseases, wildlife, and fungi are among the cast of characters that harm them throughout their lives. Trees also face climatic challenges.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_53155" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/brown-rot-in-wood" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-53155-67b3ddc6334cf"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/c/9/c90c411f9617b9a05a892a24f8e5a4c1.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/c/9/c90c411f9617b9a05a892a24f8e5a4c1.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/c/9/c90c411f9617b9a05a892a24f8e5a4c1.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Brown Rot in Wood. Photo by Jill Johnson"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-5315567b3ddc6334cf { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-5315567b3ddc6334cf span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-5315567b3ddc6334cf span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/brown-rot-in-wood">Brown Rot in Wood</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Scott Weikert</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Brown rot, sometimes called cubical brown rot, is one type of decay fungi that can attack wood that leaves the wood with a reddish color and small, cube-shaped pieces of wood.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_30665" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/what-should-you-do-with-spotted-lanternfly-egg-masses" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-30665-67b3ddc633df9"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/7/3/73f56d7a1c3496d8e5a5e1da27c0516b.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/7/3/73f56d7a1c3496d8e5a5e1da27c0516b.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/7/3/73f56d7a1c3496d8e5a5e1da27c0516b.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="What Should You Do With Spotted Lanternfly Egg Masses?"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-3066567b3ddc633df9 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-3066567b3ddc633df9 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-3066567b3ddc633df9 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/what-should-you-do-with-spotted-lanternfly-egg-masses">What Should You Do With Spotted Lanternfly Egg Masses?</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Grzegorz (Greg) Krawczyk, Ph.D., Heather L Leach, Lauren Briggs, Dennis Calvin</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Information about locating, identifying, and treating egg masses.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_27247" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/spotted-lanternfly-frequently-asked-questions" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-27247-67b3ddc6349e4"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_3777_1_2_1_262_1_23_1_28_2_11_2_2_2_38_1_94_7_2_24_46_6_414_49_21_45_2_25_15_1_9_1_18_9_6_5_1_21_3_29_8_2_1_13_5_1_4818.jpg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_3777_1_2_1_262_1_23_1_28_2_11_2_2_2_38_1_94_7_2_24_46_6_414_49_21_45_2_25_15_1_9_1_18_9_6_5_1_21_3_29_8_2_1_13_5_1_4818.jpg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_3777_1_2_1_262_1_23_1_28_2_11_2_2_2_38_1_94_7_2_24_46_6_414_49_21_45_2_25_15_1_9_1_18_9_6_5_1_21_3_29_8_2_1_13_5_1_4818.jpg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Spotted Lanternfly Frequently Asked Questions"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-2724767b3ddc6349e4 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-2724767b3ddc6349e4 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-2724767b3ddc6349e4 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/spotted-lanternfly-frequently-asked-questions">Spotted Lanternfly Frequently Asked Questions</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Heather L Leach</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Get the answers to the most frequently asked questions about spotted lanternfly, including their damage to plants, how to manage them on your property, and what you can do to help!</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_3970" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/elm-spanworm" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-3970-67b3ddc635560"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_2263.jpg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_2263.jpg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_2263.jpg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="USDA Forest Service - Northeastern Area, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-397067b3ddc635560 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-397067b3ddc635560 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-397067b3ddc635560 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/elm-spanworm">Elm Spanworm</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> </div> <div class="product-short-description">The elm spanworm is a serious defoliator of hardwood shade and forest trees in the eastern United States.</div> </div></div></li> </ol></div> <div class="toolbar toolbar-products toolbar-bottom" data-mage-init='{"productListToolbarForm":{"mode":"product_list_mode","direction":"product_list_dir","order":"product_list_order","limit":"product_list_limit","modeDefault":"list","directionDefault":null,"orderDefault":"publish_date","limitDefault":25,"url":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/forests-and-wildlife\/forest-management\/pests-and-diseases","formKey":"aKTsnzVOb7B9R42H","post":false}}'> <div class="pages"><strong class="label pages-label" id="paging-label">Page</strong> <div class="items pages-items" aria-labelledby="paging-label"><div class="item pages-item-previous"> <a class="action  previous disabled" href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/forest-management/pests-and-diseases?tab=default" title="Previous"><span class="label">Page</span> <span>Previous</span></a></div><div class="item pages-item-next"> <a class="action next " href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/forest-management/pests-and-diseases?p=2&tab=default" title="Next"><span class="label">Page</span> <span>Next</span></a></div><div class="pages-list"> <div class="item current"><strong class="page"><span class="label">You're currently reading page</span> <span>1</span></strong></div> <div class="item"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/forest-management/pests-and-diseases?p=2&tab=default" class="page"><span class="label">Page</span> <span>2</span></a></div> <div class="item"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/forest-management/pests-and-diseases?p=3&tab=default" class="page"><span class="label">Page</span> <span>3</span></a></div> </div></div></div> </div> </div></div></main> <div class="featured-content__wrapper"><div class="featured-content" data-content-type="products" data-appearance="carousel" data-autoplay="false" data-autoplay-speed="4000" data-infinite-loop="false" data-show-arrows="true" data-show-dots="false" data-carousel-mode="default" data-slides-to-show="4" data-slides-to-scroll="1" data-center-padding="90px" data-element="main" role="complementary"><div class="block-top-wrapper"><h2 class="block-title">You May Also Be Interested In...</h2><div class="widget-navigation"></div></div><div class="products-grid products wrapper"><ol class="product-items"> <li class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/white-pine-weevil" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-2129-67b3ddc64035e"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/c/a/caa5f4d402223db5dc3e0ff2723f9871.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/c/a/caa5f4d402223db5dc3e0ff2723f9871.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/c/a/caa5f4d402223db5dc3e0ff2723f9871.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="James B. 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Businesses operating in quarantine zones must have permits to move equipment and goods within and out of the zones.</div></div></div> </li><li class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/tree-of-heaven-control-strategies" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-24633-67b3ddc64278f"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_3777_1_2_1_262_1_23_1_28_2_11_2_2_2_38_1_94_7_2_24_46_6_414_49_21_45_2_25_15_1_9_1_18_9_6_5_1_21_3_29_8_2_1_13_5_1_3741.jpg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_3777_1_2_1_262_1_23_1_28_2_11_2_2_2_38_1_94_7_2_24_46_6_414_49_21_45_2_25_15_1_9_1_18_9_6_5_1_21_3_29_8_2_1_13_5_1_3741.jpg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_3777_1_2_1_262_1_23_1_28_2_11_2_2_2_38_1_94_7_2_24_46_6_414_49_21_45_2_25_15_1_9_1_18_9_6_5_1_21_3_29_8_2_1_13_5_1_3741.jpg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Tree of Heaven: Control Strategies"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-2463367b3ddc64278f { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-2463367b3ddc64278f span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-2463367b3ddc64278f span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="809"></span> Videos</div> <strong class="product-item-name"><a title="Tree of Heaven: Control Strategies" href="https://extension.psu.edu/tree-of-heaven-control-strategies" class="product-item-link">Tree of Heaven: Control Strategies</a></strong> <div class="product-short-description">Tree-of-heaven is especially difficult to eliminate. Learn when and how to apply control measures, including herbicides, to eradicate this prolific tree.</div></div></div></li> </ol></div></div></div><div class="category-bottom-content"> </div><div class="before-page-footer"> <div class="widget block block-static-block"><style>#html-body [data-pb-style=CQ5NAO3],#html-body [data-pb-style=D3ELT41]{background-position:left top;background-size:cover;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-attachment:scroll}#html-body [data-pb-style=CQ5NAO3]{justify-content:center;display:flex;flex-direction:column;background-color:#1e407c;min-height:536px;margin:0}#html-body [data-pb-style=D3ELT41]{align-self:stretch}#html-body [data-pb-style=RCHY4CL]{display:flex;width:100%}#html-body [data-pb-style=GF82VQ0],#html-body [data-pb-style=O3VUDHB]{display:flex;flex-direction:column;background-position:left top;background-size:cover;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-attachment:scroll;margin:0;align-self:stretch}#html-body 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