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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Anatomical_process" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anatomical_process"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Anatomical process</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anatomical_process-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Female_falsetto" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Female_falsetto"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Female falsetto</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Female_falsetto-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musical_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musical_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Musical history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musical_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_in_singing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_in_singing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Use in singing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_in_singing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_in_speech" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_in_speech"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Use in speech</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_in_speech-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 39 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Фалцет – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Фалцет" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falset_(veu)" title="Falset (veu) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Falset (veu)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Фальцет – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Фальцет" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falzet" title="Falzet – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Falzet" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falset" title="Falset – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Falset" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falsett" title="Falsett – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Falsett" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falsett" title="Falsett – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Falsett" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falsete" title="Falsete – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Falsete" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falseto" title="Falseto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Falseto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fausset" title="Fausset – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fausset" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falsete" title="Falsete – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Falsete" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EC%84%B1" title="가성 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="가성" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D5%A1%D5%AC%D6%81%D5%A5%D5%BF" title="Ֆալցետ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆալցետ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falseto" title="Falseto – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Falseto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falseto" title="Falseto – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Falseto" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falsetto" title="Falsetto – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Falsetto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%A1%D7%98" title="פלסט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פלסט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Фальцет – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Фальцет" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falsetto" title="Falsetto – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Falsetto" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Фальцет – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Фальцет" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocula_falsa" title="Vocula falsa – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Vocula falsa" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falzett" title="Falzett – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Falzett" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falseto" title="Falseto – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Falseto" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopstem" title="Kopstem – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kopstem" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BB%E3%83%83%E3%83%88" title="ファルセット – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ファルセット" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falsett" title="Falsett – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Falsett" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falsett" title="Falsett – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Falsett" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faltset" title="Faltset – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Faltset" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falset" title="Falset – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Falset" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falsete" title="Falsete – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Falsete" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Фальцет – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фальцет" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falsetto" title="Falsetto – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Falsetto" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falzet" title="Falzet – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Falzet" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%DA%B5%D8%B3%DB%8E%D8%AA%DB%86" title="فاڵسێتۆ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فاڵسێتۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falsetti" title="Falsetti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Falsetti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falsett" title="Falsett – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Falsett" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Фальцет – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фальцет" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%81%87%E9%9F%B3" title="假音 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="假音" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Vocal register just above the modal voice register</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about voices higher than the normal vocal range. 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:auto"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#ccccff;font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Vocal_register" title="Vocal register">Vocal registers</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left; font-size:100%;"> <small>Highest</small><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>  <a href="/wiki/Whistle_register" title="Whistle register">Whistle</a></li><li>  <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Falsetto</a></li><li>  <a href="/wiki/Modal_voice" title="Modal voice">Modal</a></li><li>  <a href="/wiki/Vocal_fry_register" title="Vocal fry register">Vocal fry</a></li></ul></div><small>Lowest</small></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Vocal_registration" title="Template:Vocal registration"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Vocal_registration" title="Template talk:Vocal registration"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Vocal_registration" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Vocal registration"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Falsetto</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/ɔː/: 'au' in 'fraud'">ɔː</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span></span>-/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">fawl-<span style="font-size:90%">SET</span>-oh, fol-</i></a>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Italian:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="it-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">[falˈsetto]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> <a href="/wiki/Diminutive" title="Diminutive">diminutive</a> of <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">falso</i></span>, "false") is the <a href="/wiki/Vocal_register" title="Vocal register">vocal register</a> occupying the frequency range just above the <a href="/wiki/Modal_voice" title="Modal voice">modal voice</a> register and overlapping with it by approximately one <a href="/wiki/Octave" title="Octave">octave</a>. </p><p>It is produced by the vibration of the <a href="/wiki/Ligament" title="Ligament">ligamentous</a> edges of the <a href="/wiki/Vocal_folds" class="mw-redirect" title="Vocal folds">vocal cords</a>, in whole or in part. Commonly cited in the context of singing, falsetto, a characteristic of <a href="/wiki/Phonation" title="Phonation">phonation</a> by both sexes, is also one of four main spoken vocal registers recognized by <a href="/wiki/Speech_and_language_pathology" class="mw-redirect" title="Speech and language pathology">speech pathology</a>. </p><p>The term <i>falsetto</i> is most often used in the context of singing to refer to a type of vocal phonation that enables the singer to sing notes beyond the <a href="/wiki/Vocal_range" title="Vocal range">vocal range</a> of the normal or modal voice.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The typical tone of falsetto register or M2, usually has a characteristic breathy<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Flute" title="Flute">flute</a>-like sound relatively free of <a href="/wiki/Overtone" title="Overtone">overtones</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—which is more limited than its modal counterpart in both dynamic variation and tone quality.<sup id="cite_ref-McKinney_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKinney-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, <a href="/wiki/William_Vennard" title="William Vennard">William Vennard</a> points out that while most untrained people can sound comparatively "breathy" or "hooty" when using falsetto production, there are in rarer cases individuals who have developed a much stronger falsetto sound production, which has more "ring" to it.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anatomical_process">Anatomical process</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Falsetto&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Anatomical process"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The modal voice, or modal register, and <b>falsetto register</b> differ primarily in the action of the <a href="/wiki/Vocal_cords" title="Vocal cords">vocal cords</a>. Production of the normal voice involves vibration of the entire vocal cord, with the <a href="/wiki/Glottis" title="Glottis">glottis</a> opening first at the bottom and then at the top. Production of falsetto, on the other hand, vibrates only the ligamentous edges of the vocal folds while leaving each fold's body relatively relaxed.<sup id="cite_ref-Large_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Large-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Transition from modal voice to falsetto occurs when each vocal cord's main body, or <a href="/wiki/Thyroarytenoid_muscle" title="Thyroarytenoid muscle">vocalis muscle</a>, relaxes, enabling the <a href="/wiki/Arytenoid_cartilage" title="Arytenoid cartilage">cricothyroid muscles</a> to stretch the vocal ligaments.<sup id="cite_ref-McKinney_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKinney-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/William_Vennard" title="William Vennard">William Vennard</a> describes this process as follows: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>With the vocalis muscles relaxed it is possible for the <a href="/wiki/Cricothyroid_muscle" title="Cricothyroid muscle">cricothyroids</a> to place great longitudinal tension upon the <a href="/wiki/Vocal_ligament" class="mw-redirect" title="Vocal ligament">vocal ligaments</a>. The tension can be increased in order to raise the <a href="/wiki/Pitch_(music)" title="Pitch (music)">pitch</a> even after the maximum length of the cords has been reached. This makes the <a href="/wiki/Vocal_folds" class="mw-redirect" title="Vocal folds">vocal folds</a> thin so that there is negligible vertical phase difference. The vocalis muscles fall to the sides of the <a href="/wiki/Larynx" title="Larynx">larynx</a> and the vibration take place almost entirely in the ligaments.<sup id="cite_ref-Vennard_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vennard-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In the modal register, the vocal folds (when viewed with a stroboscope) are seen to contact with each other completely during each vibration, closing the gap between them fully, if just for a very short time. This closure cuts off the escaping air. When the air pressure in the <a href="/wiki/Vertebrate_trachea" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertebrate trachea">trachea</a> rises as a result of this closure, the folds are blown apart, while the vocal processes of the <a href="/wiki/Arytenoid_cartilage" title="Arytenoid cartilage">arytenoid cartilages</a> remain in <a href="/wiki/Apposition" title="Apposition">apposition</a>. This creates an oval gap between the folds and some air escapes, lowering the pressure inside the trachea. Rhythmic repetition of this movement creates the note.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vocal_fold_scheme.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Vocal_fold_scheme.svg/150px-Vocal_fold_scheme.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Vocal_fold_scheme.svg/225px-Vocal_fold_scheme.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Vocal_fold_scheme.svg/300px-Vocal_fold_scheme.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="580" data-file-height="360" /></a><figcaption>Vocal fold, scheme</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vocal_fold_falsett_animated.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Vocal_fold_falsett_animated.gif/150px-Vocal_fold_falsett_animated.gif" decoding="async" width="150" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Vocal_fold_falsett_animated.gif/225px-Vocal_fold_falsett_animated.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Vocal_fold_falsett_animated.gif/300px-Vocal_fold_falsett_animated.gif 2x" data-file-width="413" data-file-height="295" /></a><figcaption>Glottal cycle, falsetto</figcaption></figure> <p>In falsetto, however, the vocal folds are seen to be blown apart, and in untrained falsetto singers, a permanent oval orifice is left in the middle between the edges of the two folds through which a certain volume of air escapes continuously as long as the <a href="/wiki/Register_(music)" title="Register (music)">register</a> is engaged (the singer is singing using the voice). In skilled <a href="/wiki/Countertenor" title="Countertenor">countertenors</a>, however, the mucous membrane of the vocal folds contact with each other completely during each vibration cycle. The arytenoid cartilages are held in firm apposition in this voice register also. The length or size of the oval orifice or separation between the folds can vary, but it is known to get bigger as the pressure of air pushed out is increased.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The folds are made up of elastic and fatty tissue. The folds are covered on the surface by <a href="/wiki/Larynx" title="Larynx">laryngeal</a> <a href="/wiki/Mucous_membrane" title="Mucous membrane">mucous membrane</a>, which is supported deeper down underneath by the innermost fibres of the <a href="/wiki/Thyroarytenoid_muscle" title="Thyroarytenoid muscle">thyroarytenoid muscle</a>. In falsetto, the extreme membranous edges (i.e., the edges furthest away from the middle of the gap between the folds) appear to be the only parts vibrating. The mass corresponding to the innermost part of the thyroarytenoid muscle remains still and motionless.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some singers feel a sense of muscular relief when they change from the modal register to the falsetto register.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Research has revealed that not all speakers and singers produce falsetto in exactly the same way. Some speakers and singers leave the cartilaginous portion of the glottis open (sometimes called 'mutational chink'), and only the front two-thirds of the vocal ligaments enter the vibration. The resulting sound, which is typical of many adolescents, may be pure and flutelike, but is usually soft and anemic in quality. In others, the full length of the glottis opens and closes in each cycle. In still others, a phenomenon known as <a href="/wiki/Damping_(music)" title="Damping (music)">damping</a> appears, with the amount of glottal opening becoming less and less as the pitch rises, until only a tiny slit appears on the highest pitches. The mutational chink type of falsetto is considered inefficient and weak, but there is little information available about the relative strengths and weaknesses of the other two types.<sup id="cite_ref-McKinney_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKinney-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Female_falsetto">Female falsetto</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Falsetto&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Female falsetto"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Both sexes are physically capable of phonating in the falsetto register. Prior to research done by scientists in the 1950s and 1960s, it was widely believed that only men were able to produce falsetto. One possible explanation for this failure to recognize the female falsetto sooner is that when men phonate in the falsetto register there is a much more pronounced change in <a href="/wiki/Timbre" title="Timbre">timbre</a> and dynamic level between the modal and falsetto registers than there is in female voices. This is due in part to the difference in the length and mass of the <a href="/wiki/Vocal_folds" class="mw-redirect" title="Vocal folds">vocal folds</a> and to the difference in frequency ranges.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, motion picture and video studies of <a href="/wiki/Larynx" title="Larynx">laryngeal</a> action prove that women can and do produce falsetto, and <a href="/wiki/Electromyography" title="Electromyography">electromyographic</a> studies by several leading speech pathologists and vocal pedagogists provide further confirmation.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While scientific evidence has proven that women have a falsetto register, the issue of 'female falsetto' has been met with controversy among teachers of singing.<sup id="cite_ref-McKinney_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKinney-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This controversy does not exist within the sciences and arguments against the existence of female falsetto do not align with current physiological evidence. Some pioneers in vocal pedagogy, like Margaret Green and <a href="/wiki/William_Vennard" title="William Vennard">William Vennard</a>, were quick to adopt current scientific research in the 1950s, and pursued capturing the biological process of female falsetto on film. They went further to incorporate their research into their pedagogical method of teaching female singers.<sup id="cite_ref-Greene_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greene-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others refused to accept the idea, and opposition to the concept of female falsetto has continued among some teachers of singing long after scientific evidence had proven the existence of female falsetto.<sup id="cite_ref-McKinney_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKinney-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Celebrated opera singer and voice teacher <a href="/wiki/Richard_Miller_(singer)" title="Richard Miller (singer)">Richard Miller</a> pointed out in his 1997 publication <i>National Schools of Singing: English, French, German, and Italian</i> that while the German school of voice teachers had largely embraced the idea of a female falsetto into pedagogical practice, there is division within the French and English schools and a complete rejection of the idea of female falsetto in the Italian school of singing.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his 2004 book, <i>Solutions for Singers: Tools For Performers and Teachers</i>, Miller said, "It is illogical to speak of a female falsetto, because the female is incapable of producing a timbre in the upper range that is radically different from its <i>mezza voce</i> or <i>voce piena in testa</i> qualities".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, other writers of singing have warned about the dangers of failing to recognize that women have a falsetto register. McKinney, who expressed alarm that many books on the art of <a href="/wiki/Singing" title="Singing">singing</a> completely ignore or gloss over the issue of female falsetto or insist that women do not have falsetto, argues that many young female singers substitute falsetto for the upper portion of the modal voice.<sup id="cite_ref-McKinney_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKinney-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He believes that this failure to recognize the female falsetto voice has led to the misidentification of young <a href="/wiki/Contralto" title="Contralto">contraltos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mezzo-soprano" title="Mezzo-soprano">mezzo-sopranos</a> as <a href="/wiki/Soprano" title="Soprano">sopranos</a>, as it is easier for these lower voice types to sing in the soprano <i><a href="/wiki/Tessitura" title="Tessitura">tessitura</a></i> using their falsetto register.<sup id="cite_ref-McKinney_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKinney-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Musical_history">Musical history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Falsetto&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Musical history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Use of falsetto voice in western music is very old. Its origins are difficult to trace because of ambiguities in terminology. Possibly when 13th century writers distinguished between chest, <a href="/wiki/Overtone_singing" title="Overtone singing">throat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Head_register" class="mw-redirect" title="Head register">head registers</a> (<i>pectoris, guttoris, capitis</i>) they meant capitis to refer to what would be later called falsetto.<sup id="cite_ref-groveONE_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-groveONE-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 16th century the term falsetto was common in Italy. The physician, Giovanni Camillo Maffei, in his book <i>Discorso della voce e del modo d'apparare di cantar di garganta</i> in 1562, explained that when a bass singer sang in the soprano range, the voice was called "falsetto".<sup id="cite_ref-groveONE_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-groveONE-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a book by GB Mancini, called <i>Pensieri e riflessioni</i> written in 1774, falsetto is equated with "<i>voce di testa</i>" (translated as '<a href="/wiki/Head_voice" title="Head voice">head voice</a>').<sup id="cite_ref-groveONE_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-groveONE-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The falsetto register is used by male <a href="/wiki/Countertenor" title="Countertenor">countertenors</a> to sing in the <a href="/wiki/Alto" title="Alto">alto</a> and occasionally the <a href="/wiki/Soprano" title="Soprano">soprano</a> range and was the standard before women sang in <a href="/wiki/Choir" title="Choir">choirs</a>. Falsetto is occasionally used by <a href="/wiki/Early_music" title="Early music">early music</a> specialists today and regularly in British cathedral choirs by men who sing the alto line.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is a difference between the modern usage of the "<a href="/wiki/Head_voice" title="Head voice">head voice</a>" term and its previous meaning in the renaissance as a type of falsetto, according to many singing professionals. These days, head voice is typically defined as a mix of chest and head voice, therefore created a stronger sound than falsetto.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The falsetto can be coloured or changed to sound different. It can be given classical styling to sound as male classical <a href="/wiki/Countertenor" title="Countertenor">countertenors</a> make it sound, or be sung in more contemporary musical styles.<sup id="cite_ref-jcamorgan_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jcamorgan-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opera</a>, it is believed that the <a href="/wiki/Chest_voice" title="Chest voice">chest voice</a>, middle voice and head voice occur in women.<sup id="cite_ref-oxfordDictOperaOne_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oxfordDictOperaOne-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The head voice of a man is, according to David A. Clippinger generally equivalent to the middle voice of a woman.<sup id="cite_ref-Headv_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Headv-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This may mean the head voice of a woman is a man's falsetto equivalent. Although, in contemporary teaching, some teachers no longer talk of the middle voice, choosing to call it the head voice as with men. Falsetto is not generally counted by classical purists as a part of the vocal range of anyone except <a href="/wiki/Countertenor" title="Countertenor">countertenors</a>. There are exceptions, however, such as the baryton-Martin which uses falsetto (see <a href="/wiki/Baritone" title="Baritone">baritone</a> article).<sup id="cite_ref-GroveONE_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GroveONE-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_in_singing">Use in singing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Falsetto&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Use in singing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Falsetto is more limited in dynamic variation and tone quality than the modal voice.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Falsetto does not connect to modal voice except at very low volumes, leading to <a href="/wiki/Passaggio" title="Passaggio">vocal breaks</a> when transitioning from modal voice.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In the absence of modern vocal training to hold back the volume of modal voice, in this overlapping area a given pitch in modal voice will be louder than the same pitch sung in falsetto.<sup id="cite_ref-Van_den_Berg_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Van_den_Berg-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The type of <a href="/wiki/Vocal_folds" class="mw-redirect" title="Vocal folds">vocal cord</a> vibration that produces the falsetto voice precludes loud singing except in the highest tones of that register; it also limits the available tone colors because of the simplicity of its waveform.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Modal voice is capable of producing much more complex waveforms and infinite varieties of tone color.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Falsetto, however, does involve less physical effort by the singer than the modal voice and, when properly used, can make possible some desirable tonal effects.<sup id="cite_ref-McKinney_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKinney-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_in_speech">Use in speech</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Falsetto&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Use in speech"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ability to speak within the falsetto register is possible for almost all men and women. The use of falsetto is considered uncommon in normal Western speech and is most often employed within the context of humor.<sup id="cite_ref-Cooper_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cooper-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the use of falsetto speech varies by culture and its use has been studied in <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African Americans</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Gay" title="Gay">gay</a> men<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in certain contexts. Its use has also been noted in the U.S. South.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pitch changes ranging to falsetto are also characteristic of British English.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some people who speak frequently or entirely in the falsetto register are identified by speech pathologists as suffering from a functional <a href="/wiki/Hoarse_voice" title="Hoarse voice">dysphonia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cooper_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cooper-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Falsetto also describes the momentary, but often repeated, fluctuations in pitch emitted by both sexes while undergoing voice change during adolescence. These changes, however, are more apparent and occur with greater frequency in boys than they do in girls.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Failure to undergo proper voice-change is called <a href="/wiki/Puberphonia" title="Puberphonia">puberphonia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Falsetto&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Creaky_voice" title="Creaky voice">Creaky voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_voice" title="Human voice">Human voice</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Falsetto&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFStanley_SadieGeorge_Grove1995" class="citation book cs1">Stanley Sadie; <a href="/wiki/George_Grove" title="George Grove">George Grove</a>, eds. (1995). <i>The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians</i>. London: South China Printing Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781561591749" title="Special:BookSources/9781561591749"><bdi>9781561591749</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/5676891">5676891</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Grove+Dictionary+of+Music+and+Musicians&rft.place=London&rft.pub=South+China+Printing+Company&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F5676891&rft.isbn=9781561591749&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalsetto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoseph_C._StempleLeslie_E._GlazeBernice_K._Gerdeman2000" class="citation book cs1">Joseph C. Stemple; Leslie E. Glaze; Bernice K. Gerdeman (2000). <i>Clinical Voice Pathology: Theory and Management</i>. Singular. p. 359.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Clinical+Voice+Pathology%3A+Theory+and+Management&rft.pages=359&rft.pub=Singular&rft.date=2000&rft.au=Joseph+C.+Stemple&rft.au=Leslie+E.+Glaze&rft.au=Bernice+K.+Gerdeman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalsetto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGillyanne_Kayes2000" class="citation book cs1">Gillyanne Kayes (2000). <i>Singing and the Actor</i>. Psychology Press. p. 156.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Singing+and+the+Actor&rft.pages=156&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.au=Gillyanne+Kayes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalsetto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShirlee_EmmonsConstance_Chase2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Shirlee_Emmons" title="Shirlee Emmons">Shirlee Emmons</a>; Constance Chase (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=425qK_roYMsC&q=falsetto+breathy&pg=PT177"><i>Prescriptions for Choral Excellence</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198040231" title="Special:BookSources/9780198040231"><bdi>9780198040231</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prescriptions+for+Choral+Excellence&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780198040231&rft.au=Shirlee+Emmons&rft.au=Constance+Chase&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D425qK_roYMsC%26q%3Dfalsetto%2Bbreathy%26pg%3DPT177&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalsetto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Ambrose_Christy1975" class="citation book cs1">Van Ambrose Christy (1975). <i>Expressive Singing</i>. W. C. Brown. p. 95.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Expressive+Singing&rft.pages=95&rft.pub=W.+C.+Brown&rft.date=1975&rft.au=Van+Ambrose+Christy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalsetto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McKinney-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McKinney_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McKinney_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McKinney_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McKinney_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McKinney_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McKinney_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McKinney_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McKinney_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKinney1994" class="citation book cs1">McKinney, James (1994). <i>The Diagnosis and Correction of Vocal Faults</i>. Genovex Music Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1565939400" title="Special:BookSources/978-1565939400"><bdi>978-1565939400</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Diagnosis+and+Correction+of+Vocal+Faults&rft.pub=Genovex+Music+Group&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-1565939400&rft.aulast=McKinney&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalsetto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Vennard1967" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Vennard" title="William Vennard">William Vennard</a> (1967). <i>Singing: The Mechanism and the Technic</i>. <a href="/wiki/Carl_Fischer_Music" title="Carl Fischer Music">Carl Fischer Music</a>. p. 89.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Singing%3A+The+Mechanism+and+the+Technic&rft.pages=89&rft.pub=Carl+Fischer+Music&rft.date=1967&rft.au=William+Vennard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalsetto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Large-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Large_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLarge1972" class="citation journal cs1">Large, John (February–March 1972). "Towards an Integrated Physiologic-Acoustic Theory of Vocal Registers". <i>The NATS Bulletin</i>. <b>28</b>: 30–35.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+NATS+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Towards+an+Integrated+Physiologic-Acoustic+Theory+of+Vocal+Registers&rft.volume=28&rft.pages=30-35&rft.date=1972-02%2F1972-03&rft.aulast=Large&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalsetto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vennard-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Vennard_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVennard1967" class="citation book cs1">Vennard, William (1967). <i>Singing: The Mechanism and the Technic</i>. Carl Fischer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0825800559" title="Special:BookSources/978-0825800559"><bdi>978-0825800559</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Singing%3A+The+Mechanism+and+the+Technic&rft.pub=Carl+Fischer&rft.date=1967&rft.isbn=978-0825800559&rft.aulast=Vennard&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalsetto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Greene-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Greene_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreene,_MargaretLesley_Mathieson2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_C._L._Greene" class="mw-redirect" title="Margaret C. L. Greene">Greene, Margaret</a>; Lesley Mathieson (2001). <i>The Voice and its Disorders</i>. John Wiley & Sons; 6th Edition. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1861561961" title="Special:BookSources/978-1861561961"><bdi>978-1861561961</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Voice+and+its+Disorders&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons%3B+6th+Edition&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1861561961&rft.au=Greene%2C+Margaret&rft.au=Lesley+Mathieson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalsetto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_Miller1997" class="citation book cs1">Richard Miller (1997). <i>National Schools of Singing: English, French, German, and Italian</i>. Scarecrow Press. p. 115.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=National+Schools+of+Singing%3A+English%2C+French%2C+German%2C+and+Italian&rft.pages=115&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.au=Richard+Miller&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalsetto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Miller, Richard. <i>Solutions for Singers: Tools for Performers and Teachers</i> (Oxford University Press, 2004), page 148</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-groveONE-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-groveONE_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-groveONE_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-groveONE_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">THE NEW GROVE Dictionary of MUSIC & MUSICIANS. Edited by Stanley Sadie, Volume 6. Edmund to Fryklund. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56159-174-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-56159-174-2">1-56159-174-2</a>, Copyright Macmillan 1980.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sadie, Stanley. 2001. "Alto." <i><a href="/wiki/New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians" class="mw-redirect" title="New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians">New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians</a></i>, second edition, edited by <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Sadie" title="Stanley Sadie">Stanley Sadie</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Tyrrell_(professor_of_music)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Tyrrell (professor of music)">John Tyrrell</a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers" title="Macmillan Publishers">Macmillan Publishers</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Williams" class="citation web cs1">Williams, Mark (5 October 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vocalcoach.com/whats-the-difference-between-head-voice-and-falsetto/">"What's the Difference Between Head Voice and Falsetto"</a>. <i>The Vocal Coach</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Vocal+Coach&rft.atitle=What%27s+the+Difference+Between+Head+Voice+and+Falsetto&rft.date=2016-10-05&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvocalcoach.com%2Fwhats-the-difference-between-head-voice-and-falsetto%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalsetto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jcamorgan-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jcamorgan_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://singaana.com/justin-timberlake-futuresexlovesounds">Review</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20141130052626/http://singaana.com/justin-timberlake-futuresexlovesounds">Archived</a> 2014-11-30 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a> of <a href="/wiki/Justin_Timberlake" title="Justin Timberlake">Justin Timberlake</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/FutureSex/LoveSounds" title="FutureSex/LoveSounds">FutureSex/LoveSounds</a></i> - "Timberlake's falsetto layering on top of one other as the songs build to their crescendos."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oxfordDictOperaOne-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-oxfordDictOperaOne_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The OXFORD DICTIONARY OF OPERA. JOHN WARRACK AND EWAN WEST, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-869164-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-869164-5">0-19-869164-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Headv-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Headv_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClippinger1917" class="citation book cs1">Clippinger, David Alva (1917). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.156980"><i>The Head Voice and Other Problems: Practical Talks on Singing</i></a>. Oliver Ditson Company. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.156980/page/n40">24</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Head+Voice+and+Other+Problems%3A+Practical+Talks+on+Singing&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=Oliver+Ditson+Company&rft.date=1917&rft.aulast=Clippinger&rft.aufirst=David+Alva&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.156980&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalsetto" class="Z3988"></span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/19493">Project Gutenberg etext</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GroveONE-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GroveONE_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">THE NEW GROVE Dictionary of MUSIC & MUSICIANS. Edited by Stanley Sadie, Volume 2. Back to Bolivia. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56159-174-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-56159-174-2">1-56159-174-2</a>, Copyright Macmillan Publishers Limited 1980.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Van_den_Berg-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Van_den_Berg_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_den_Berg1963" class="citation journal cs1">Van den Berg, J.W. (December 1963). "Vocal Ligaments versus Registers". <i>The NATS Bulletin</i>. <b>19</b>: 18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+NATS+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Vocal+Ligaments+versus+Registers&rft.volume=19&rft.pages=18&rft.date=1963-12&rft.aulast=Van+den+Berg&rft.aufirst=J.W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalsetto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cooper-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cooper_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cooper_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper1973" class="citation book cs1">Cooper, Morton (1973). <i>Modern Techniques of Vocal Rehabilitation</i>. Charles C. Thomas.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Techniques+of+Vocal+Rehabilitation&rft.pub=Charles+C.+Thomas&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Morton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalsetto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNielsen,_Rasmus2010" class="citation news cs1">Nielsen, Rasmus (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://repository.upenn.edu/pwpl/vol15/iss2/13">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"I ain't Never Been Charged with Nothing!": The Use of Falsetto Speech as a Linguistic Strategy of Indignation"</a>. <i>University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics</i>. Vol. 15, no. 2, Article 13. University of Pennsylvania<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=University+of+Pennsylvania+Working+Papers+in+Linguistics&rft.atitle=%22I+ain%27t+Never+Been+Charged+with+Nothing%21%22%3A+The+Use+of+Falsetto+Speech+as+a+Linguistic+Strategy+of+Indignation&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2%2C+Article+13&rft.date=2010&rft.au=Nielsen%2C+Rasmus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frepository.upenn.edu%2Fpwpl%2Fvol15%2Fiss2%2F13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalsetto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPodesva,_Robert_J.2007" class="citation journal cs1">Podesva, Robert J. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.stanford.edu/~eckert/PDF/podesva2007.pdf">"Phonation type as a stylistic variable: The use of falsetto in constructing a persona"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Sociolinguistics</i>. <b>11</b> (4). Blackwell Publishing Ltd: 478–504. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-9841.2007.00334.x">10.1111/j.1467-9841.2007.00334.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:35856647">35856647</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Sociolinguistics&rft.atitle=Phonation+type+as+a+stylistic+variable%3A+The+use+of+falsetto+in+constructing+a+persona&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=478-504&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1467-9841.2007.00334.x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A35856647%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Podesva%2C+Robert+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.stanford.edu%2F~eckert%2FPDF%2Fpodesva2007.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalsetto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFennell,_Barbara_A.2001" class="citation book cs1">Fennell, Barbara A. (2001). <i>A History of English: A Sociolinguistic Approach</i>. Blackwell Publishing. p. 236.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+English%3A+A+Sociolinguistic+Approach&rft.pages=236&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.au=Fennell%2C+Barbara+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalsetto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHermanHerman1997" class="citation book cs1">Herman, Lewis; Herman, Margaurite Shalett (1997). <i>Foreign Dialects: A Manual for Actors, Directors and Writers</i>. Rutledge. p. 45.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Foreign+Dialects%3A+A+Manual+for+Actors%2C+Directors+and+Writers&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=Rutledge&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Herman&rft.aufirst=Lewis&rft.au=Herman%2C+Margaurite+Shalett&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalsetto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAronsonBless2009" class="citation book cs1">Aronson, Arnold Elvin; Bless, Diane M. (2009). <i>Clinical Voice Disorders</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Clinical+Voice+Disorders&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Aronson&rft.aufirst=Arnold+Elvin&rft.au=Bless%2C+Diane+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalsetto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Falsetto&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAppell1993" class="citation book cs1">Appell, Thomas (1993). <i>Can You Sing a HIGH C Without Straining?</i>. VDP. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0963233974" title="Special:BookSources/978-0963233974"><bdi>978-0963233974</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Can+You+Sing+a+HIGH+C+Without+Straining%3F&rft.pub=VDP&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0963233974&rft.aulast=Appell&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalsetto" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Falsetto&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: <i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/singing" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:singing">singing</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/falsetto" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:falsetto">falsetto</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.music.vt.edu/musicdictionary/textf/Falsetto.html">Glossary definition of falsetto</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130401125309/http://www.music.vt.edu/musicdictionary/textf/Falsetto.html">Archived</a> 2013-04-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at Virginia Tech's Web site</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boston.com/ae/music/articles/2010/05/02/falsetto_is_back_big_time_on_the_pop_scene_with_indie_rockers_hitting_the_high_notes/">Story about the falsetto in rock music</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zU-OlPet7lk">Video: vocal coach Kevin Richards explains the difference between falsetto and head voice</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Opera_terms_by_origin" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Opera_terms" title="Template:Opera terms"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Opera_terms" title="Template talk:Opera terms"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Opera_terms" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Opera terms"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Opera_terms_by_origin" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">Opera</a> <a href="/wiki/Category:Opera_terminology" title="Category:Opera terminology">terms</a> by origin</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">English</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breeches_role" title="Breeches role">Breeches role</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chest_voice" title="Chest voice">Chest voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_performance" title="Concert performance">Concert performance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duodrama" title="Duodrama">Duodrama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_voice" title="Head voice">Head voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insertion_aria" title="Insertion aria">Insertion aria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mad_scene" title="Mad scene">Mad scene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melodrama" title="Melodrama">Melodrama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monodrama" title="Monodrama">Monodrama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Number_(music)" title="Number (music)">Number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_house" title="Opera house">Opera house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patter_song" title="Patter song">Patter song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prompter_(opera)" title="Prompter (opera)">Prompter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sung-through" title="Sung-through">Sung-through</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surtitles" title="Surtitles">Surtitles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">French</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Claque" title="Claque">Claque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup_de_glotte" title="Coup de glotte">Coup de glotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divertissement" title="Divertissement">Divertissement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encore" title="Encore">Encore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entr%27acte" title="Entr'acte">Entr'acte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haute-contre" title="Haute-contre">Haute-contre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interm%C3%A8de" title="Intermède">Intermède</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overture" title="Overture">Overture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9p%C3%A9titeur" title="Répétiteur">Répétiteur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roulade_(music)" title="Roulade (music)">Roulade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timbre" title="Timbre">Timbre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trag%C3%A9die_en_musique" title="Tragédie en musique">Tragédie en musique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travesti_(theatre)" title="Travesti (theatre)">Travesti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">German</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fach" title="Fach">Fach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gesamtkunstwerk" title="Gesamtkunstwerk">Gesamtkunstwerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kammers%C3%A4nger" title="Kammersänger">Kammersänger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapellmeister" title="Kapellmeister">Kapellmeister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leitmotif" title="Leitmotif">Leitmotif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literaturoper" title="Literaturoper">Literaturoper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regieoper" title="Regieoper">Regieoper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singspiel" title="Singspiel">Singspiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitzprobe" title="Sitzprobe">Sitzprobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spieloper" title="Spieloper">Spieloper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprechgesang" title="Sprechgesang">Sprechgesang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aria" title="Aria">Aria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aria_di_sorbetto" title="Aria di sorbetto">Aria di sorbetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arioso" title="Arioso">Arioso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banda_(opera)" title="Banda (opera)">Banda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bel_canto" title="Bel canto">Bel canto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bravura" title="Bravura">Bravura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brindisi_(music)" title="Brindisi (music)">Brindisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burletta" title="Burletta">Burletta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabaletta" title="Cabaletta">Cabaletta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadenza" title="Cadenza">Cadenza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantabile" title="Cantabile">Cantabile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castrato" title="Castrato">Castrato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavatina" title="Cavatina">Cavatina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiaroscuro_(music)" title="Chiaroscuro (music)">Chiaroscuro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coloratura" title="Coloratura">Coloratura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprimario" title="Comprimario">Comprimario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contralto" title="Contralto">Contralto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convenienze" class="mw-redirect" title="Convenienze">Convenienze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Da_capo_aria" title="Da capo aria">Da capo aria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diva" title="Diva">Diva</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Falsetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falsettone" title="Falsettone">Falsettone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fioritura" title="Fioritura">Fioritura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impresario" title="Impresario">Impresario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermezzo" title="Intermezzo">Intermezzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legato" title="Legato">Legato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libretto" title="Libretto">Libretto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licenza_(musical_term)" title="Licenza (musical term)">Licenza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maestro" title="Maestro">Maestro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melodramma" title="Melodramma">Melodramma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messa_di_voce" title="Messa di voce">Messa di voce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezzo-soprano" title="Mezzo-soprano">Mezzo-soprano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musico" title="Musico">Musico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_seria" title="Opera seria">Opera seria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossia" title="Ossia">Ossia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passaggio" title="Passaggio">Passaggio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasticcio" title="Pasticcio">Pasticcio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portamento" title="Portamento">Portamento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prima_donna" title="Prima donna">Prima donna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recitative" title="Recitative">Recitative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritornello" title="Ritornello">Ritornello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinfonia" title="Sinfonia">Sinfonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solita_forma" title="Solita forma">Solita forma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soprano" title="Soprano">Soprano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soprano_sfogato" title="Soprano sfogato">Soprano sfogato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinto" title="Spinto">Spinto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squillo" title="Squillo">Squillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stagione" title="Stagione">Stagione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stile_rappresentativo" title="Stile rappresentativo">Stile rappresentativo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenore_contraltino" title="Tenore contraltino">Tenore contraltino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenore_di_grazia" title="Tenore di grazia">Tenore di grazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tessitura" title="Tessitura">Tessitura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verismo" title="Verismo">Verismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vibrato" title="Vibrato">Vibrato</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hovs%C3%A5ngare" title="Hovsångare">Hovsångare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Musical_range_or_compass_and_register" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Range_(music)" title="Template:Range (music)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Range_(music)" title="Template talk:Range (music)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Voice_type" title="Voice type">Voice type</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boy_soprano" title="Boy soprano">Boy soprano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soprano" title="Soprano">Soprano</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coloratura_soprano" title="Coloratura soprano">Coloratura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soubrette" title="Soubrette">Soubrette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyric_soprano" title="Lyric soprano"> Lyric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinto_soprano" title="Spinto soprano">Spinto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dramatic_soprano" title="Dramatic soprano"> Dramatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soprano_sfogato" title="Soprano sfogato">Soprano sfogato</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezzo-soprano" title="Mezzo-soprano">Mezzo-soprano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contralto" title="Contralto">Contralto</a> (<a 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profondo">Basso profondo</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sound</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bass_(sound)" title="Bass (sound)">Bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-bass" title="Sub-bass">Sub-bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treble_(sound)" title="Treble (sound)">Treble</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chest_voice" title="Chest voice">Chest voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clef" title="Clef">Clef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extension_(music)" title="Extension (music)">Extension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_voice" title="Head voice">Head voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passaggio" title="Passaggio">Passaggio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedal_tone" title="Pedal tone">Pedal tone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Registration_(organ)" title="Registration (organ)">Organ registration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tessitura" title="Tessitura">Tessitura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timbre" title="Timbre">Timbre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocal_range" title="Vocal range">Vocal range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocal_weight" title="Vocal weight">Vocal weight</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table 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