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href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sv.wikipedia.org&uselang=sv" class=""><span>Stöd Wikipedia</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Skapa_konto&returnto=Panarthropoda" title="Du uppmuntras att skapa ett konto och logga in, men det är inte obligatoriskt" class=""><span>Skapa konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Inloggning&returnto=Panarthropoda" title="Inloggning ger tillgång till fler funktioner för den som vill skriva och redigera artiklar. 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logga in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sidor för utloggade redigerare <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A4lp:Introduktion" aria-label="Läs mer om redigering"><span>läs mer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Mina_bidrag" title="En lista över redigeringar från denna IP-adress [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bidrag</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Min_diskussion" title="Diskussion om redigeringar från det här IP-numret [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Webbplats"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innehåll" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innehåll</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Systematik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Systematik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Systematik</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Systematik-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Systematik</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Systematik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alternativ_1" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alternativ_1"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Alternativ 1</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alternativ_1-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alternativ_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alternativ_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Alternativ 2</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alternativ_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_även" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_även"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Se även</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_även-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Källförteckning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Källförteckning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Källförteckning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Källförteckning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Panarthropoda</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 33 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panarthropoda" title="Panarthropoda – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Panarthropoda" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%81%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="جميع المفصليات – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جميع المفصليات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panarthropoda" title="Panarthropoda – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Panarthropoda" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE" title="প্যানার্থোপোডা – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্যানার্থোপোডা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panarthropoda" title="Panarthropoda – basjkiriska" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Panarthropoda" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkiriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panarthropoda" title="Panarthropoda – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Panarthropoda" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panarthropoda" title="Panarthropoda – bosniska" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Panarthropoda" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panartr%C3%B2podes" title="Panartròpodes – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Panartròpodes" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panarthropoda" title="Panarthropoda – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Panarthropoda" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panarthropoda" title="Panarthropoda – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Panarthropoda" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panarthropoda" title="Panarthropoda – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Panarthropoda" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panarthropoda" title="Panarthropoda – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Panarthropoda" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panarthropoda" title="Panarthropoda – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Panarthropoda" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panarthropoda" title="Panarthropoda – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Panarthropoda" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%85%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="همه‌بندپایان – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="همه‌بندپایان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panarthropoda" title="Panarthropoda – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Panarthropoda" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%94%EC%A0%88%EC%A7%80%EB%8F%99%EB%AC%BC" title="범절지동물 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="범절지동물" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panarthropoda" title="Panarthropoda – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Panarthropoda" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94" title="פנרתרופודה – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פנרתרופודה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panarthropoda" title="Panarthropoda – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Panarthropoda" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panarthropoda" title="Panarthropoda – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Panarthropoda" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%8E%E7%AF%80%E8%B6%B3%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="汎節足動物 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="汎節足動物" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panarthropoda" title="Panarthropoda – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Panarthropoda" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panarthropoda" title="Panarthropoda – occitanska" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Panarthropoda" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panarthropoda" title="Panarthropoda – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Panarthropoda" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panarthropoda" title="Panarthropoda – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Panarthropoda" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panarthropoda" title="Panarthropoda – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Panarthropoda" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panarthropoda" title="Panarthropoda – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Panarthropoda" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panarthropoda" title="Panarthropoda – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Panarthropoda" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panarthropoda" title="Panarthropoda – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Panarthropoda" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panarthropoda" title="Panarthropoda – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Panarthropoda" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panarthropoda" title="Panarthropoda – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Panarthropoda" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%9B%E8%8A%82%E8%82%A2%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="泛节肢动物 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="泛节肢动物" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q134870#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnrymder"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Panarthropoda" title="Visa innehållssidan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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.maptable th{border:0;padding:0}</style><table class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.75em; font-size:95%;width:20.3788em;padding:.18em;" cellspacing="3"><tbody><tr><td class="" colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background:pink">Panarthropoda</td></tr><tr><td class="" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:20210000_Lobopodia_lobopodians_lobopods.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/20210000_Lobopodia_lobopodians_lobopods.png/250px-20210000_Lobopodia_lobopodians_lobopods.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/20210000_Lobopodia_lobopodians_lobopods.png/375px-20210000_Lobopodia_lobopodians_lobopods.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/20210000_Lobopodia_lobopodians_lobopods.png/500px-20210000_Lobopodia_lobopodians_lobopods.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1640" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:pink"><b><a href="/wiki/Systematik_(biologi)" title="Systematik (biologi)">Systematik</a></b></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Rike_(biologi)" title="Rike (biologi)">Rike</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Djur" title="Djur">Djur</a></td></tr><tr><td>Animalia</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Infrarike</td><td><a href="/wiki/Protostomer" title="Protostomer">Protostomer</a></td></tr><tr><td>Protostomia</td></tr><tr><td>Överstam</td><td><a href="/wiki/Ecdysozoa" title="Ecdysozoa">Ecdysozoa</a></td></tr><tr><td>(orankad)</td><td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Panarthropoda</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:pink"><a href="/wiki/Vetenskapligt_namn" title="Vetenskapligt namn">Vetenskapligt namn</a></th></tr><tr><th class="" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span style="float:right; font-size:70%;"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Panarthropoda" class="extiw" title="species:Panarthropoda">§</a></span>Panarthropoda</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:pink">Stammar</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthropoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthropoda">Arthropoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tardigrada" class="mw-redirect" title="Tardigrada">Tardigrada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onychophora" class="mw-redirect" title="Onychophora">Onychophora</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Lobopodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lobopodia">Lobopodia</a>"</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sialomorphidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sialomorphidae [inte skriven än]">Sialomorphidae</a> (<b><a href="/wiki/Familj_(biologi)" title="Familj (biologi)">familj</a></b>; <i>incertae cedis</i>)</li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="" colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:pink"><small>Hitta fler artiklar om djur med</small><div><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Djur" title="Portal:Djur">Djurportalen</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Panarthropoda</b> är en tentativ <a href="/wiki/Klad" title="Klad">klad</a> inom <a href="/wiki/Djurriket" class="mw-redirect" title="Djurriket">djurriket</a>, som skulle innehålla de nulevande <a href="/wiki/Fylum" title="Fylum">djurstammarna</a> <a href="/wiki/Leddjur" title="Leddjur">leddjur</a> (arthropoda), <a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%B6gkrypare" title="Trögkrypare">björndjur</a> (tardigrada) och <a href="/wiki/Klomaskar" title="Klomaskar">klomaskar</a> (onychophora).<sup id="cite_ref-Telford2008_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Telford2008-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De kända gamla panarthropodfossil (från <a href="/wiki/Kambrium" title="Kambrium">kambrium</a> till <a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">karbon</a>) som man inte anser tillhör någon av de moderna stammarna klassificeras i det <a href="/wiki/Parafyletisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Parafyletisk">parafyletiska</a> taxonet <a href="/wiki/Lobopodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lobopodia">Lobopodia</a>, som ibland utvidgas till att också omfatta även björndjur och klomaskar.<sup id="cite_ref-OrtegaHernandez2016_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OrtegaHernandez2016-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Även <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sialomorpha_dominicana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sialomorpha dominicana [inte skriven än]">Sialomorpha</a></i>, ett bara 30 miljoner år gammalt släkte av mikroskopiskt små ryggradslösa djur som upptäckts i <a href="/wiki/Dominikansk" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominikansk">dominikansk</a> <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A4rnsten" title="Bärnsten">bärnsten</a> år 2019, räknas till panarthropoderna, även om släktets exakta placering är osäker.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det råder en samsyn om nära släktband mellan klomaskar och leddjur, men placeringen av björndjuren är mer kontroversiell.<sup id="cite_ref-Giribet2017_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giribet2017-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vissa undersökningar tyder på att björndjur är närmare släkt med <a href="/wiki/Rundmaskar" title="Rundmaskar">rundmaskar</a> (nematoder).<sup id="cite_ref-Laumer2019_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Laumer2019-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Smythe2019_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smythe2019-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alla undersökningar stöder alltså inte att Panarthropoda är <a href="/wiki/Monofyletisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Monofyletisk">monofyletisk</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-nature_phylo_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nature_phylo-7"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> men flertalet gör det, inklusive <a href="/wiki/Neuroanatomi" title="Neuroanatomi">neuroanatomiska</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mitokondriellt_DNA" title="Mitokondriellt DNA">mitokondriella</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> och <a href="/wiki/Paleontologi" title="Paleontologi">paleontologiska</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> undersökningar. </p><p>Några gemensamma karaktärsdrag för panarthropoder är att de har ben och <a href="/wiki/Klo" title="Klo">klor</a>, ett <a href="/wiki/Ventral" title="Ventral">ventralt</a> <a href="/wiki/Nervsystem" class="mw-redirect" title="Nervsystem">nervsystem</a>, och en <a href="/wiki/Segment_(biologi)" title="Segment (biologi)">segmenterad kropp</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Systematik">Systematik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panarthropoda&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Systematik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panarthropoda&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Systematik"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ursprungligen ansågs panarthropoderna vara närmast släkt med <a href="/wiki/Ringmaskar" title="Ringmaskar">ringmaskarna</a> (annelida), och grupperades tillsammans med dessa i en grupp <a href="/w/index.php?title=Articulata_(%C3%B6verstam)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Articulata (överstam) [inte skriven än]">Articulata</a>. Nyare undersökningar visar i stället att de tillsammans med <a href="/wiki/Rundmaskar" title="Rundmaskar">rundmaskarna</a> (nematoda) och några mindre grupper bildar en klad som kallas <a href="/wiki/Ecdysozoa" title="Ecdysozoa">Ecdysozoa</a>. Vissa undersökningar<sup id="cite_ref-Edgecombe_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Edgecombe-12"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> antyder till och med att björndjuren skulle vara närmare släkt med dessa andra grupper än med leddjur och klomaskar, vilket skulle göra panarthropoda till en <a href="/wiki/Polyfyli" title="Polyfyli">polyfyletisk</a> grupp. </p><p>Även bortsett från denna möjlighet och från de fossila grupperna lobophodia och <i>Sialomorpha</i> är den inre systematiken i gruppen panarthropoda oklar, därför att man inte har avgjort om leddjurens närmaste släktingar är björndjuren eller klomaskarna. (Däremot anses det uteslutet att det logiskt sett tänkbara tredje <a href="/wiki/Fylogeni" title="Fylogeni">fylogenetiska</a> alternativet skulle gälla, med björndjur och klomaskar som systerklader.)<sup id="cite_ref-Edgecombe_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Edgecombe-12"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Detta öppnar för två möjliga <a href="/wiki/Kladogram" class="mw-redirect" title="Kladogram">kladogram</a>: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alternativ_1">Alternativ 1</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panarthropoda&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Alternativ 1" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panarthropoda&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Alternativ 1"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em;border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center">Panarthropoda </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em;border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2"> <p><a href="/wiki/Klomaskar" title="Klomaskar">Klomaskar</a> (Onychophora) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Velvet_worm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Velvet_worm.jpg/60px-Velvet_worm.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Velvet_worm.jpg/90px-Velvet_worm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Velvet_worm.jpg/120px-Velvet_worm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2799" data-file-height="1340" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black;" valign="top"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tactopoda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tactopoda [inte skriven än]">Tactopoda</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em;border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2"> <p><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%B6gkrypare" title="Trögkrypare">Björndjur</a> (Tardigrada) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Echiniscus_L.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Echiniscus_L.png/60px-Echiniscus_L.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Echiniscus_L.png/90px-Echiniscus_L.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Echiniscus_L.png 2x" data-file-width="120" data-file-height="90" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black;" valign="top"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2"> <p><a href="/wiki/Leddjur" title="Leddjur">Leddjur</a> (Arthropoda) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Long_nosed_weevil_edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Long_nosed_weevil_edit.jpg/60px-Long_nosed_weevil_edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Long_nosed_weevil_edit.jpg/90px-Long_nosed_weevil_edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Long_nosed_weevil_edit.jpg/120px-Long_nosed_weevil_edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alternativ_2">Alternativ 2</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panarthropoda&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Alternativ 2" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panarthropoda&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Alternativ 2"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em;border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center">Panarthropoda </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em;border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2"> <p><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%B6gkrypare" title="Trögkrypare">Björndjur</a> (Tardigrada) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Echiniscus_L.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Echiniscus_L.png/60px-Echiniscus_L.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Echiniscus_L.png/90px-Echiniscus_L.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Echiniscus_L.png 2x" data-file-width="120" data-file-height="90" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black;" valign="top"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em;border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2"> <p><a href="/wiki/Klomaskar" title="Klomaskar">Klomaskar</a> (Onychophora) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Velvet_worm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Velvet_worm.jpg/60px-Velvet_worm.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Velvet_worm.jpg/90px-Velvet_worm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Velvet_worm.jpg/120px-Velvet_worm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2799" data-file-height="1340" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black;" valign="top"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2"> <p><a href="/wiki/Leddjur" title="Leddjur">Leddjur</a> (Arthropoda) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Long_nosed_weevil_edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Long_nosed_weevil_edit.jpg/60px-Long_nosed_weevil_edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Long_nosed_weevil_edit.jpg/90px-Long_nosed_weevil_edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Long_nosed_weevil_edit.jpg/120px-Long_nosed_weevil_edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_även"><span id="Se_.C3.A4ven"></span>Se även</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panarthropoda&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Se även" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panarthropoda&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Se även"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lista_%C3%B6ver_ordningar_av_tv%C3%A5sidiga_djur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lista över ordningar av tvåsidiga djur [inte skriven än]">Lista över ordningar av tvåsidiga djur</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <dl><dd><span class="plainlinks"><i>Den här artikeln är helt eller delvis baserad på material från <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panarthropoda&oldid=976743752">engelskspråkiga Wikipedia</a>.</i></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Källförteckning"><span id="K.C3.A4llf.C3.B6rteckning"></span>Källförteckning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panarthropoda&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Källförteckning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panarthropoda&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Källförteckning"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Telford2008-1"><a href="#cite_ref-Telford2008_1-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFTelford2008">Telford, M. J (2008-04-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2614232">”The evolution of the Ecdysozoa”</a>. <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</i> 363 (1496): sid. 1529–1537. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1098%2Frstb.2007.2243">10.1098/rstb.2007.2243</a></span>. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18192181?dopt=Abstract" class="extiw" title="pmid:18192181">PMID 18192181</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+evolution+of+the+Ecdysozoa&rft.jtitle=Philosophical+Transactions+of+the+Royal+Society+B%3A+Biological+Sciences&rft.aulast=Telford&rft.aufirst=M.+J&rft.au=Telford%2C+M.+J&rft.date=2008-04-27&rft.volume=363&rft.issue=1496&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B1529%E2%80%931537&rft_id=info:doi/10.1098%2Frstb.2007.2243&rft_id=info:pmid/18192181&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Panarthropoda"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OrtegaHernandez2016-2"><a href="#cite_ref-OrtegaHernandez2016_2-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFOrtega-Hernández2016">Ortega-Hernández, Javier (2016). ”Making sense of 'lower' and 'upper' stem-group Euarthropoda, with comments on the strict use of the name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848: Upper and lower stem-Euarthropoda”. <i>Biological Reviews</i> 91 (1): sid. 255–273. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fbrv.12168">10.1111/brv.12168</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/14647931">14647931</a>. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25528950?dopt=Abstract" class="extiw" title="pmid:25528950">PMID 25528950</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Making+sense+of+%27lower%27+and+%27upper%27+stem-group+Euarthropoda%2C+with+comments+on+the+strict+use+of+the+name+Arthropoda+von+Siebold%2C+1848%3A+Upper+and+lower+stem-Euarthropoda&rft.jtitle=Biological+Reviews&rft.aulast=Ortega-Hern%C3%A1ndez&rft.aufirst=Javier&rft.au=Ortega-Hern%C3%A1ndez%2C+Javier&rft.date=2016&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B255%E2%80%93273&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fbrv.12168&rft_id=info:pmid/25528950&rft.issn=14647931&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Panarthropoda"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFPoinarNelson2019">Poinar, George; Nelson, Diane R. (2019). ”A new microinvertebrate with features of mites and tardigrades in Dominican amber” (på engelska). <i>Invertebrate Biology</i> 138 (4): sid. e12265. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fivb.12265">10.1111/ivb.12265</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1744-7410">1744-7410</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+new+microinvertebrate+with+features+of+mites+and+tardigrades+in+Dominican+amber&rft.jtitle=Invertebrate+Biology&rft.aulast=Poinar&rft.aufirst=George&rft.au=Poinar%2C+George&rft.au=Nelson%2C+Diane+R.&rft.date=2019&rft.volume=138&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3Be12265&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fivb.12265&rft.issn=1744-7410&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Panarthropoda"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Giribet2017-4"><a href="#cite_ref-Giribet2017_4-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFGiribetEdgecombe2017">Giribet, Gonzalo; Edgecombe, Gregory D. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:34253786">”Current Understanding of Ecdysozoa and its Internal Phylogenetic Relationships”</a>. <i>Integrative and Comparative Biology</i> 57 (3): sid. 455–466. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Ficb%2Ficx072">10.1093/icb/icx072</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1557-7023">1557-7023</a>. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28957525?dopt=Abstract" class="extiw" title="pmid:28957525">PMID 28957525</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:34253786">http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:34253786</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Current+Understanding+of+Ecdysozoa+and+its+Internal+Phylogenetic+Relationships&rft.jtitle=Integrative+and+Comparative+Biology&rft.aulast=Giribet&rft.aufirst=Gonzalo&rft.au=Giribet%2C+Gonzalo&rft.au=Edgecombe%2C+Gregory+D.&rft.date=2017&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B455%E2%80%93466&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Ficb%2Ficx072&rft_id=info:pmid/28957525&rft.issn=1557-7023&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnrs.harvard.edu%2Furn-3%3AHUL.InstRepos%3A34253786&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Panarthropoda"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Laumer2019-5"><a href="#cite_ref-Laumer2019_5-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFLaumerFernándezLemerCombosch2019">Laumer, Christopher E.; Fernández, Rosa; Lemer, Sarah; Combosch, David; Kocot, Kevin M.; Riesgo, Ana; Andrade, Sónia C. S.; Sterrer, Wolfgang;  <i>et al</i>. (2019-07-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6650721">”Revisiting metazoan phylogeny with genomic sampling of all phyla”</a>. <i>Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</i> 286 (1906): sid. 20190831. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1098%2Frspb.2019.0831">10.1098/rspb.2019.0831</a></span>. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31288696?dopt=Abstract" class="extiw" title="pmid:31288696">PMID 31288696</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Revisiting+metazoan+phylogeny+with+genomic+sampling+of+all+phyla&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Royal+Society+B%3A+Biological+Sciences&rft.aulast=Laumer&rft.aufirst=Christopher+E.&rft.au=Laumer%2C+Christopher+E.&rft.au=Fern%C3%A1ndez%2C+Rosa&rft.au=Lemer%2C+Sarah&rft.au=Combosch%2C+David&rft.au=Kocot%2C+Kevin+M.&rft.au=Riesgo%2C+Ana&rft.au=Andrade%2C+S%C3%B3nia+C.+S.&rft.au=Sterrer%2C+Wolfgang&rft.au=S%C3%B8rensen%2C+Martin+V.&rft.date=2019-07-10&rft.volume=286&rft.issue=1906&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B20190831&rft_id=info:doi/10.1098%2Frspb.2019.0831&rft_id=info:pmid/31288696&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Panarthropoda"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smythe2019-6"><a href="#cite_ref-Smythe2019_6-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFSmytheHolovachovKocot2019">Smythe, Ashleigh B.; Holovachov, Oleksandr; Kocot, Kevin M. 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