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<div class="layout-content"> <div class="region region-content"> <div class="wrapper-lg hero-child-image"> <figure class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-responsive-hero"> <img src="https://www.ucsusa.org/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/2019-08/fa-subissue-sustainable-option3.jpg?itok=7-8cVP-B" width="500" height="300" alt="Hole in ground showing healthy soil with person in work clothes standing above it" title="" srcset="https://www.ucsusa.org/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2019-08/fa-subissue-sustainable-option3.jpg?itok=GGWFeSVC 1500w, https://www.ucsusa.org/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/2019-08/fa-subissue-sustainable-option3.jpg?itok=pAJLr9mY 1000w, https://www.ucsusa.org/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/2019-08/fa-subissue-sustainable-option3.jpg?itok=7-8cVP-B 500w" class="image-style-original" /> <figcaption> <div class="field field--name-field-image-credit field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Colette Kessler/USDA NRCS South Dakota</div> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div id="block-ucstheme-page-title" class="block block-core block-page-title-block hero-child"> <div class="breadcrumb"> <a href="/food">Food</a> </div> <h1 class="page-title"><span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Sustainable Agriculture</span> </h1> <p class="page-subtitle"></p> <div class="field--name-field-intro-paragraph"> <p>Food production in the United States is at a crossroads.</p> </div> </div> <article class="node node--type-page node--view-mode-full"> <div class="node__content"> <div class="column-general"> <div class="main-region"> <div class="block block-toc-js block-toc-js-block"> <details> <summary>Table of Contents</summary> <div id="sticky-anchor"></div> <div class="toc-js" id="toc-js-block-toc-js-block" data-id="toc_js_block" data-label="Toc.js block" data-label-display="0" data-provider="toc_js" data-selectors=".field--name-field-toc-entry" data-selectors-minimum="0" data-container="div.field--name-field-sections > div.field__item > div.paragraph" data-prefix="toc" data-list-type="ul" data-back-to-top="1" data-back-to-top-label="Back to top" data-smooth-scrolling="1" data-scroll-to-offset="100" data-highlight-on-scroll="1" data-highlight-offset="100" data-sticky="0" data-sticky-offset="0" data-sticky-stop="" data-sticky-stop-padding="0"> <nav role="navigation" aria-label="Table of Contents"></nav> </div> </details> </div> </div> </div> <div class="column-general"> <div class="main-region"> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-field-blocknodepagefield-intro-paragraph"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-intro-paragraph field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Food production in the United States is at a crossroads.</p></div> </div> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-field-blocknodepagebody"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>For decades, the public policies and big corporations that shape our food and agricultural system have pressed farmers to manage their land like food factories—places where inputs in the form of seed, fertilizer, pesticides, or animal feed are converted to outputs in the form of marketable food products.</p> <p>This model of agriculture is marked by practices such as monoculture (planting the same one or two crops over a large area year after year), raising crops and livestock in isolation from each other, and leaving farmland bare and vulnerable to erosion and nutrient loss between commercial crops.</p> <p>The industrial model ignores a crucial fact: farms are ecosystems—complex, interdependent networks of living things. Farmers succeed by managing their ecosystems to produce food efficiently. But if we want that success to continue over the long term, we must also manage farm ecosystems sustainably, nurturing their resilience and self-regenerating capacity.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="column-section"> <div class="main-region"> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-field-blocknodepagefield-sections"> <div class="field field--name-field-sections field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--node-section paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="field field--name-field-related-content field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><article class="node node--type-resource node--view-mode-featured"> <a href="/resources/what-sustainable-agriculture" class="img-wrapper"> <div class="field field--name-field-thumbnail-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><figure class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-standard-medium"> <div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/fa-sustainable-oat-harvest.jpg?itok=qpqfIgj2" width="500" height="300" alt="An oat harvester in a field." class="image-style-thumbnail" /> </div> <figcaption> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </a> <div class="node-content"> <div class="resource-type"> <div class="field field--name-field-resource-type field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Explainer</div> </div> <h3 > <a href="/resources/what-sustainable-agriculture"> What is Sustainable Agriculture? </a> </h3> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">There’s a transformation taking place on farms across the United States.</div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--text-section paragraph--view-mode--default clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-field-toc-entry field--type-string field--label-hidden hidden field__item">Soil health</div> <h2 class="section-header">Restoring soil health</h2> <div class="field field--name-field-callout field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--node-callout paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="field field--name-field-related-content field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><article class="node node--type-resource node--promoted node--view-mode-teaser"> <a href="/resources/dirty-water-degraded-soil" class="img-wrapper"> <div class="field field--name-field-resource-type field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Report</div> <div class="field field--name-field-thumbnail-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><figure class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-standard-medium"> <div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/2021-01/iowa-farm-runoff-2.jpg?itok=7gfbVYc6" width="500" height="300" alt="Runoff from an Iowa farm pouring into a stream" class="image-style-thumbnail" /> </div> <figcaption> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </a> <h3 > <a href="/resources/dirty-water-degraded-soil"> Dirty Water, Degraded Soil </a> </h3> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Overuse of nitrogen fertilizer and mismanagement of animal manure have created a costly groundwater pollution problem in Iowa. State and federal policies can help farmers control this pollution at its source.</div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Multiple generations of industrial farming have taken a toll on one of our most precious resources: the “dirt” beneath our feet.</p> <p>Healthy soil is a rich, complex system teeming with microbial and invertebrate life. This diverse biological community performs vital services to maintain the soil’s chemical balance and physical structure so that it can continue producing a rich harvest for generations to come.</p> <p>Industrial agriculture damages soil through practices that deplete its organic matter and degrade its structure. The result is farmland that needs heavy doses of fertilizer to be productive, is prone to erosion and runoff that pollutes waterways, and is increasingly vulnerable to floods and droughts—a vulnerability that will only worsen as climate change impacts grow more severe.</p> <p>The solutions are out there: reduce plowing; protect soil year-round with cover crops and more complex crop rotations; incorporate deep-rooted plants on and around farms to hold nutrients and water (while also providing habitat for wildlife and pollinators).</p> <p>A growing number of farmers, with the help of agroecological science, are taking on the challenge of using these methods to rebuild healthy soils.</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--text-section paragraph--view-mode--default clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-field-toc-entry field--type-string field--label-hidden hidden field__item">Diversification</div> <h2 class="section-header">Diversifying farm landscapes</h2> <div class="field field--name-field-callout field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--node-callout paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="field field--name-field-related-content field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><article class="node node--type-resource node--view-mode-teaser"> <a href="/resources/rotating-crops-turning-profits" class="img-wrapper"> <div class="field field--name-field-resource-type field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Report</div> <div class="field field--name-field-thumbnail-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><figure class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-standard-medium"> <div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/fa-sus-marsden-fields-5x3.jpg?itok=XV_EebRL" width="500" height="300" alt="Crop rotation test fields at Iowa State University's Marsden Farm" class="image-style-thumbnail" /> </div> <figcaption> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </a> <h3 > <a href="/resources/rotating-crops-turning-profits"> Rotating Crops, Turning Profits </a> </h3> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Shifting Iowa's dominant two-crop farming system toward a more diverse crop mix can be a win-win for farmers and the environment.</div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>“Keep it simple” is often good advice. But when you’re trying to manage a healthy farm ecosystem, it’s a recipe for failure. Natural systems are diverse and complex, and sustainable farm operations aim to mirror and nurture that complexity.</p> <p>By oversimplifying the landscape in the name of efficiency, industrial agriculture impoverishes the farm ecosystem. This creates resource deficits that farmers must make up through heavy application of fertilizers and pesticides, with serious environmental consequences.</p> <p>Instead, sustainable agriculture works with nature, using practices such as uncultivated “prairie strips” and integrated crop/livestock management to increase biodiversity and keep the farm ecosystem healthy. This greatly reduces the need for chemical inputs, leaving the farm more viable and productive for the long haul.</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--text-section paragraph--view-mode--default clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-field-toc-entry field--type-string field--label-hidden hidden field__item">Resilience</div> <h2 class="section-header">Building climate resilience</h2> <div class="field field--name-field-callout field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--node-callout paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="field field--name-field-related-content field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><article class="node node--type-resource node--view-mode-teaser"> <a href="/resources/climate-change-and-agriculture" class="img-wrapper"> <div class="field field--name-field-resource-type field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Explainer</div> <div class="field field--name-field-thumbnail-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><figure class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-standard-medium"> <div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/fa-sus-climate-dust-storm.jpg?itok=hGNcsc82" width="500" height="300" alt="A dust cloud." class="image-style-thumbnail" /> </div> <figcaption> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </a> <h3 > <a href="/resources/climate-change-and-agriculture"> Climate Change and Agriculture </a> </h3> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Industrial agriculture makes farms more vulnerable to climate impacts. </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Climate change is hitting farmers hard already, and it’s only going to get worse. Droughts, floods, extreme heat and other climate impacts will wreak havoc in farm country, reducing yields, increasing erosion and pollution, and threatening both farmers’ businesses and our food supply.</p> <p>The predominant industrial agriculture model has left farms even more vulnerable to climate impacts. But policies and tools that support farmers in adopting science-based sustainable practices can make agriculture more resilient and adaptable, ensuring that farmers—and our food supply—can withstand climate challenges.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="column-section"> <div class="main-region"> <div class="block block-block-content block-block-contentfe20625a-20bb-44d8-841f-def5c94e1de8"> <script> var blogSourceUrl = 'https://blog.ucsusa.org/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/?per_page=3'; </script> <aside class="related-blog-posts"></aside> </div> <div class="views-element-container block block-views block-views-blockrelated-resources-block-1"> <h2>Related resources</h2> <div><div class="view view-related-resources view-id-related_resources view-display-id-block_1 js-view-dom-id-ca5e4779373e717cfaa94a38c55b96831ad9f08795be3da50dffef27c743967b"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row"><article class="node node--type-resource node--promoted node--view-mode-teaser"> <a href="/resources/2024-annual-report" class="img-wrapper"> <div class="field field--name-field-resource-type field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Feature</div> <div class="field field--name-field-thumbnail-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><figure class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-standard-medium"> <div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/2024-11/2024-ar-cover-thumbnail_1.jpg?itok=nwNIP8t6" width="500" height="300" alt="A worker installing solar" class="image-style-thumbnail" /> </div> <figcaption> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </a> <h3 > <a href="/resources/2024-annual-report"> 2024 Annual Report </a> </h3> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">With your help, we made significant strides toward a better future in 2024.</div> </article> </div> <div class="views-row"><article class="node node--type-resource node--promoted node--view-mode-teaser"> <a href="/resources/path-forward" class="img-wrapper"> <div class="field field--name-field-resource-type field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Activist Resource</div> <div class="field field--name-field-thumbnail-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><figure class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-standard-medium"> <div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/2024-11/white-house-moody.jpg?itok=85aysRwR" width="500" height="300" alt="The White House" class="image-style-thumbnail" /> </div> <figcaption> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </a> <h3 > <a href="/resources/path-forward"> A Path Forward </a> </h3> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">We know the next four years will be a dangerous time for our country and for everyone who cares about a safe, sustainable, and just future. </div> </article> </div> <div class="views-row"><article class="node node--type-resource node--promoted node--view-mode-teaser"> <a href="/resources/how-long-has-farm-bill-been-expired" class="img-wrapper"> <div class="field field--name-field-resource-type field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Activist Resource</div> <div class="field field--name-field-thumbnail-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><figure class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-standard-medium"> <div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/2023-11/stopwatch.jpg?itok=6bqWmeUI" width="500" height="300" alt="A stopwatch" class="image-style-thumbnail" /> </div> <figcaption> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </a> <h3 > <a href="/resources/how-long-has-farm-bill-been-expired"> How Long Has The Farm Bill Been Expired? </a> </h3> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Congress has let the once-every-five years food and farm bill expire—but the 332 million people in the US still need to eat.</div> </article> </div> <div class="views-row"><article class="node node--type-resource node--promoted node--view-mode-teaser"> <a href="/resources/whats-wrong-fossil-fuel-based-fertilizer" class="img-wrapper"> <div class="field field--name-field-resource-type field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Explainer</div> <div class="field field--name-field-thumbnail-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><figure class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-standard-medium"> <div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/2023-12/ammonia%20fertilizer_scaled.png?itok=lTvBlASk" width="500" height="300" alt="photo of a tractor in a turned-over field pulling a trailer with two tanks of anhydrous ammonia fertilizer that is being sprayed on the field; farm buildings and silos are in the distance" class="image-style-thumbnail" /> </div> <figcaption> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </a> <h3 > <a href="/resources/whats-wrong-fossil-fuel-based-fertilizer"> What’s Wrong with Fossil Fuel–Based Fertilizer? 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