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football</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Thai football"> <meta name="keywords" content="Thai football"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Thai football"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 577</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Thai football</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">577</span> Communication through Offline and Online Social Network of Thai Football Premier League Supporters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krisana%20Chueachainat">Krisana Chueachainat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study is about the identity, typology and symbol using in communication through offline and online social network of each Thai football Premier League supporters. Also, study is about the factors that affected the sport to become the growing business and the communication factors that play the important role in the growth of the sport business. The Thai Premier League communicated with supporters in order to show the identity of each supporter and club in different ways. The expression of the identity was shown through online social network and offline told other people who they were. The study also about the factor that impacted the roles and communication factors that make football become the growing business. The factor that impact to the growth of football to the business, if clubs can action, the sport business would be to higher level and also push Thailand’s football to be effective and equal to other countries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20social%20network" title="online social network">online social network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offline%20social%20network" title=" offline social network"> offline social network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thai%20football" title=" Thai football"> Thai football</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supporters" title=" supporters"> supporters</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55737/communication-through-offline-and-online-social-network-of-thai-football-premier-league-supporters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55737.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">299</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">576</span> Video Processing of a Football Game: Detecting Features of a Football Match for Automated Calculation of Statistics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rishabh%20Beri">Rishabh Beri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sahil%20Shah"> Sahil Shah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We have applied a range of filters and processing in order to extract out the various features of the football game, like the field lines of a football field. Another important aspect was the detection of the players in the field and tagging them according to their teams distinguished by their jersey colours. This extracted information combined about the players and field helped us to create a virtual field that consists of the playing field and the players mapped to their locations in it. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Detect" title="Detect">Detect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Football" title=" Football"> Football</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Players" title=" Players"> Players</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Virtual" title=" Virtual"> Virtual</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73570/video-processing-of-a-football-game-detecting-features-of-a-football-match-for-automated-calculation-of-statistics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73570.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">331</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">575</span> A Test to Express Diagnostic Cohesion of Football Team </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexandra%20O.%20Savinkina">Alexandra O. Savinkina </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We proposed to assess the cohesion of a football team by its subject-goal and subject-value unity according to the A.V. Petrovsky theory. Goal unity was measured by the degree of compliance of the priority targets for various players in the team. Values were estimated by the coincidence of the ideas about a perfect football player. On the basis of the provisional diagnosis of the six teams, we had made the lists of goals and values. The tests were piloted on 35 football teams. The results allowed not only to compare quantitatively the cohesion of the different teams, but also to identify subgroups within the team. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cohesion" title="cohesion">cohesion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=football" title=" football"> football</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychodiagnostic" title=" psychodiagnostic"> psychodiagnostic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soccer" title=" soccer"> soccer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sports%20team" title=" sports team"> sports team</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=value-orientation%20unity" title=" value-orientation unity"> value-orientation unity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58994/a-test-to-express-diagnostic-cohesion-of-football-team" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58994.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">284</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">574</span> Formal Thai National Costume in the Reign of King Bhumibol Adulyadej</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chanoknart%20Mayusoh">Chanoknart Mayusoh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The research about Formal Thai National Costume in the reign of King Bhumibol Adulyadej is an applied research that aimed to study the accurate knowledge concerning to Thai national costume in the reign of King Rama IX, also to study origin of all costumes in the reign of King Rama IX and to study the style, material used, and using accasion. This research methodology which are collect quanlitative data through observation, document, and photograph from key informant of costume in the reign of King Rama IX and from another who related to this field. The formal Thai national costume of the reign of King Bhumibol Adulyadej originated from the visit of His Majesty the King to Europe and America in 1960. Since Thailand had no traditional national costume; Her Majesty the Queen initiated the idea to create formal Thai national costumes. In 1964, Her Majesty the Queen selected 8 styles of formal Thai national costume. Later, Her Majesty the Queen confered another 3 formal Thai national costume for men. There are 8 styles of formal Thai national costume for women: Thai Ruean Ton, Thai Chit Lada, Thai Amarin, Thai Borom Phiman, Thai Siwalia, Thai Chakkri, Thai Dusit, and Thai Chakkraphat. There are 3 styles of formal Thai national costume for men: short-sleeve shirt, long-sleeve shirt, and long-sleeve shirt with breechcloth. The costume is widely used in formal ceremony such as greeting ceremony for official foreign visitors, wedding ceremony, or other auspicious ceremonies. Now a day, they are always used as a bridal gown as well. The formal Thai national costume is valuable art that shows Thai identity and, should be preserved for the next generation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=formal%20Thai%20national%20costume%20for%20women" title="formal Thai national costume for women">formal Thai national costume for women</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=formal%20Thai%20national%20costume%20for%20men" title=" formal Thai national costume for men"> formal Thai national costume for men</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=His%20Majesty%20King%20Bhumibol%20Adulyadej%20the%20Great%20King%20Rama%20IX" title=" His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej the Great King Rama IX"> His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej the Great King Rama IX</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Her%20Majesty%20Queen%20Sirikit%20Queen" title=" Her Majesty Queen Sirikit Queen"> Her Majesty Queen Sirikit Queen</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10856/formal-thai-national-costume-in-the-reign-of-king-bhumibol-adulyadej" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10856.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">257</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">573</span> A Critical Knowledge of Brand Equity in Thai Academic Works</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pongsiri%20Kamkankaew">Pongsiri Kamkankaew</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper experiments to consider brand equity thought in Thai academic works. This essay employs that the first emerging of brand equity in Thai academic works and the components of brand equity which explore the extent to the convoluted approach with other Thai social condition. In Thailand, brand equity is supposed to provide branding and brand management replacement. However, the commitment of brand equity imposes in its proposal for seemly application in Thai context – to develop the brand equity framework by the Thai social – culture and Thai utilization style which it is questionable whether the brand equity in western conception is useful for characterizing the brand equity in Thailand context. In this position, brand equity also aspects several major questions: How can western conception lead to apply in Thai business? How can diversification be given within Thai SMEs business running? Can corporate brand valuation approach adopt in real business doing? So this paper argues that Thai brand equity notion should reduce disturb over improvement of its self-restraint and business area. Instead, Thai academic who are interested in brand equity can harmonize different mature bodies of discipline and other investigative a frame of references to complete and open the recognizing of brand equity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thai%20brand%20equity" title="Thai brand equity">Thai brand equity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge%20critical" title=" knowledge critical"> knowledge critical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brand%20management" title=" brand management"> brand management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=branding" title=" branding"> branding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55534/a-critical-knowledge-of-brand-equity-in-thai-academic-works" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55534.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">324</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">572</span> The Trend of Competitive Balance in Turkish Football Super League</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tugbay%20Inan">Tugbay Inan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Competitive balance is known to have an important effect in determining the result of football matches. The degree of competitiveness is referred as competitive balance in football. Sports economics are the extent to which overall league attendances will be raised by measures, such as media effect, home advantage, revenue sharing, which aim to improve competitive balance. The purpose of present study was to measure the competitive balance in the football league of Turkey. In this study, by using long term competitive balance analysis, some facing problems and precautions were discussed through the seasons (1987-2014) in Turkish Football Super League (TSL). Within the practice of this study, The way that competitive balance level followed was determined in the history of super league (27 years). Based on this purpose, C5 Competitive Balance Index (C5CBI) and a Herfindahl index of competitive balance (HICB) were used. Finally, it is seen that in Super League, competitive balance factor took place time to time, however in total, a view apart from competitive balance is obviously seen. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competitive%20balance" title="competitive balance">competitive balance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turkish%20football" title=" turkish football"> turkish football</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=c5%20competitive%20balance%20index" title=" c5 competitive balance index"> c5 competitive balance index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Herfindahl-Hirschman%20Index" title=" Herfindahl-Hirschman Index"> Herfindahl-Hirschman Index</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27980/the-trend-of-competitive-balance-in-turkish-football-super-league" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27980.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">559</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">571</span> Elite Female Football Coaches’ Experiences and Reflections in a Male-dominated Environment: The Case of Ghana</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fiona%20Soraya%20Addai-Sundiata">Fiona Soraya Addai-Sundiata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ernest%20Yeboah%20Acheampong"> Ernest Yeboah Acheampong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ralph%20Frimpong"> Ralph Frimpong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The rationale of this study is to examine the career experiences of elite female football coaches in Ghana. More importantly, it focus on their motives, the challenges of football coaching and their experiences along their career paths. The study draws from literature on female coaches in football to understand their experiences and reflections in their chosen careers. The findings of the study relied on in-depth semi-structured interviews with five elite female football coaches aged between 28 and 50 years. Participants’ responses reveal that both intrinsic and extrinsic motives drive them into football coaching, including learning experiences from abroad, a strong desire to break the gendered hegemony of coaching in Ghana, serving as role models, enjoyment, satisfaction and passion for their chosen careers. Results indicate that they encountered sociocultural, organisational, personal and interpersonal challenges. Also, they experience gender stereotyping, limited career mobility, sexism and marginalisation, which prevent them from becoming elite coaches. The study provides useful data for stakeholders, including Ghana Football Association (GFA), to use effective strategies (e.g., special incentives for women coaches) to attract and retain women in the football coaching space. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elite%20female%20football%20coaches" title="elite female football coaches">elite female football coaches</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=career%20experiences" title=" career experiences"> career experiences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title=" gender"> gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motives" title=" motives"> motives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trajectories" title=" trajectories"> trajectories</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181774/elite-female-football-coaches-experiences-and-reflections-in-a-male-dominated-environment-the-case-of-ghana" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181774.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">69</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">570</span> Elite Female Football Coaches’ Experiences and Reflections in a Male-Dominated Environment: The Case of Ghana</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fiona%20Soraya%20Addai-Sundiata">Fiona Soraya Addai-Sundiata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ernest%20Yeboah%20Acheampong"> Ernest Yeboah Acheampong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ralph%20Frimpong"> Ralph Frimpong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The rationale of this study is to examine the career experiences of elite female football coaches in Ghana. More importantly, it focus on their motives, the challenges of football coaching and their experiences along their career paths. The study draws from literature on female coaches in football to understand their experiences and reflections in their chosen careers. The findings of the study relied on in-depth semi-structured interviews with five elite female football coaches aged between 28 and 50 years. Participants’ responses reveal that both intrinsic and extrinsic motives drive them into football coaching including learning experiences from abroad, a strong desire to break the gendered hegemony of coaching in Ghana, serving as role models, enjoyment, satisfaction and passion for their chosen careers. Results indicate that they encountered sociocultural, organisational, personal and interpersonal challenges. Also, they experience gender stereotyping, limited career mobility, sexism and marginalisation, which prevent them from becoming elite coaches. The study provides useful data for stakeholders including Ghana Football Association (GFA) to use effective strategies (e.g., special incentives for women coaches) to attract and retain women in the football coaching space. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elite%20female%20football%20coaches" title="elite female football coaches">elite female football coaches</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=career%20experiences" title=" career experiences"> career experiences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title=" gender"> gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motives" title=" motives"> motives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trajectories" title=" trajectories"> trajectories</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181917/elite-female-football-coaches-experiences-and-reflections-in-a-male-dominated-environment-the-case-of-ghana" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181917.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">62</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">569</span> On the Translation of Thai Culture-Specific Terms of Address into English</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Supannee%20Pinmanee">Supannee Pinmanee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article focuses on the strategies in the translation of terms of address for both referential and vocative functions from Thai to English from a cultural perspective. The discussion concerns the culture-specific ways in which Thai people use address terms that depend largely on social and conventional contexts, including pragmatic factors, for example, relationships between people, levels of formality, and attitudes. Examples used to illustrate the problems and proposed solutions were drawn from the media, the internet, the novels and the language used by Thai native speakers in expressing Thai address terms. The terms used in this area show very well not only the differences in language but also the different cultures and world views of the speakers of Thai and those of English. Thai has developed its own set of address terms, particularly kinship terms for non-relatives and the Thai royal terms. Some of Newmark’s procedures (1995) are used in the article to illustrate the task of translating Thai terms into English, a language that embodies a very different culture with its own set of address terms. However, no one strategy can be applied to serve all purposes and to translate all the intended senses. One particular term can be translated by several strategies, and which strategy to choose depends largely on one’s purposes and what requirement one needs to fulfill. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=translation" title="translation">translation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terms%20of%20address" title=" terms of address"> terms of address</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thai-English%20translation" title=" Thai-English translation"> Thai-English translation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thai%20culture-specific%20terms%20of%20address" title=" Thai culture-specific terms of address"> Thai culture-specific terms of address</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=translation%20strategies" title=" translation strategies"> translation strategies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113578/on-the-translation-of-thai-culture-specific-terms-of-address-into-english" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113578.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">201</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">568</span> Effects of Listening to Pleasant Thai Classical Music on Increasing Working Memory in Elderly: An Electroencephalogram Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anchana%20Julsiri">Anchana Julsiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seree%20Chadcham"> Seree Chadcham</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study determined the effects of listening to pleasant Thai classical music on increasing working memory in elderly. Thai classical music without lyrics that made participants feel fun and aroused was used in the experiment for 3.19-5.40 minutes. The accuracy scores of Counting Span Task (CST), upper alpha ERD%, and theta ERS% were used to assess working memory of participants both before and after listening to pleasant Thai classical music. The results showed that the accuracy scores of CST and upper alpha ERD% in the frontal area of participants after listening to Thai classical music were significantly higher than before listening to Thai classical music (p < .05). Theta ERS% in the fronto-parietal network of participants after listening to Thai classical music was significantly lower than before listening to Thai classical music (p < .05). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brain%20wave" title="brain wave">brain wave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elderly" title=" elderly"> elderly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pleasant%20Thai%20classical%20music" title=" pleasant Thai classical music"> pleasant Thai classical music</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=working%20memory" title=" working memory"> working memory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4391/effects-of-listening-to-pleasant-thai-classical-music-on-increasing-working-memory-in-elderly-an-electroencephalogram-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4391.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">459</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">567</span> Thai Prosody Problems with First-Year Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiraporn%20Adchariyaprasit">Jiraporn Adchariyaprasit</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thai language is difficult in all four language skills, especially reading. The first year students may have different abilities in reading, so a teacher is required to find out a student’s reading level so that the teacher can help and support them till they can develop and resolve each problem themselves. This research is aimed to study the prosody problem among Thai students and will be focused on first year Thai students in the second semester. A total of 58 students were involved in this study. Four obstacles were found: 1) Interpretation from what they read and write; 2) Incorrectness Pronunciation of Prosody; 3) Incorrectness in Rhythm of the Poem; Incorrectness of the Thai Poem Pronunciation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pronunciation" title="pronunciation">pronunciation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prosody" title=" prosody"> prosody</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interpretation" title=" interpretation"> interpretation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thai%20language" title=" Thai language"> Thai language</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12381/thai-prosody-problems-with-first-year-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12381.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">363</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">566</span> Fabric Printing Design: An Inspiration from Thai Kites </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suwit%20Sadsunk">Suwit Sadsunk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research paper was aimed to study different motifs found on Thai kites in order to be create new fabric printing designs. The objectives of the study were (1) to examine different motifs of Thai kites; and (2) to create appropriate printing designs for fabric based on an examination of motifs of Thai kites from primary and secondary sources. The study found that designs, motifs and colors found on Thai kites were various based on individual artisans’ imagination in each period. From the historical review, there have been 4 kinds of Thai kites namely I-Loom Kite, Pak Pao Kite, Chula Kite and Dui Dui Kite. Nowadays, the kite designs have been developed to be more various by shape and color such as snake- shaped kite, owl-shaped kite and peacock-shaped kite. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thai%20kites" title="Thai kites">Thai kites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fabric%20printing%20design" title=" fabric printing design "> fabric printing design </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7443/fabric-printing-design-an-inspiration-from-thai-kites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7443.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">325</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">565</span> Deictic Expressions in Selected Football Commentaries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vera%20Ofori%20Akomah">Vera Ofori Akomah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There is no society without language. In football, language serves as a tool for communication. The football language and meaning of activities are largely revealed through the utterances of football commentators. The linguistic subfield of pragmatics is related to the study of meaning. Pragmatics shows that the interpretation of utterances not only depends on linguistic knowledge but also depends on knowledge about the context of the utterance, knowledge about the status of those involved such as the intent of the speaker, the place, and time of the utterance. Pragmatics analysis comes in several forms and one of such is Deixis. In football commentating, commentators often use deitic expressions in building utterances. The researcher intends to analyse deixis contained in three selected football commentaries through the use of Levinson’s deixis theory. This research is a qualitative study with content analysis as its method. This is because this study focuses on deitic expressions in football commentaries. The data of this study are utterances from English commentaries from 2016 El Classico match between Barcelona and Real Madrid, 2018 FIFA World Cup: Portugal vs Spain and 2022 FIFA World Cup Qualifier: Ghana v Nigeria. The result of the study reveals that there are five kinds of deixis which are person deixis (divided into three: the first person, the second person and the third person), place deixis, time deixis, discourse deixis and social deixis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pragmatics%20analysis" title="pragmatics analysis">pragmatics analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=football%20commentary" title=" football commentary"> football commentary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deixis" title=" deixis"> deixis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=types%20of%20deixis" title=" types of deixis"> types of deixis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191504/deictic-expressions-in-selected-football-commentaries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191504.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">27</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">564</span> Analysis of the Current and Ideal Situation of Iran’s Football Talent Management Process from the Perspective of the Elites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehran%20Nasiri">Mehran Nasiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ardeshir%20Poornemat"> Ardeshir Poornemat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study was to investigate the current and ideal situations of the process of talent identification in Iranian football from the point of view of Iranian instructors of the Asian Football Confederation (AFC). This research was a descriptive-analytical study; in data collection phase a questionnaire was used, whose face validity was confirmed by experts of Physical Education and Sports Science. The reliability of questionnaire was estimated through the use of Cronbach's alpha method (0.91). This study involved 122 participants of Iranian instructors of the AFC who were selected based on stratified random sampling method. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the variables and inferential statistics (Chi-square) were used to test the hypotheses of the study at significant level (p ≤ 0.05). The results of Chi-square test related to the point of view of Iranian instructors of the AFC showed that the grass-roots scientific method was the best way to identify football players (0.001), less than 10 years old were the best ages for talent identification (0.001), the Football Federation was revealed to be the most important organization in talent identification (0.002), clubs were shown to be the most important institution in developing talents (0.001), trained scouts of Football Federation were demonstrated to be the best and most appropriate group for talent identification (0.001), and being referred by the football academy coaches was shown to be the best way to attract talented football players in Iran (0.001). It was also found that there was a huge difference between the current and ideal situation of the process of talent identification in Iranian football from the point of view of Iranian instructors of the AFC. Hence, it is recommended that the policy makers of talent identification for Iranian football provide a comprehensive, clear and systematic model of talent identification and development processes for the clubs and football teams, so that the talent identification process helps to nurture football talents more efficiently. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current%20situation" title="current situation">current situation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=talent%20finding" title=" talent finding"> talent finding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ideal%20situation" title=" ideal situation"> ideal situation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=instructors%20%28AFC%29" title=" instructors (AFC)"> instructors (AFC)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69682/analysis-of-the-current-and-ideal-situation-of-irans-football-talent-management-process-from-the-perspective-of-the-elites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69682.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">213</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">563</span> Comparison of Isokinetic Powers (Flexion and Knee Extension) of Basketball and Football Players (Age 17–20)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ugur%20Senturk">Ugur Senturk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrah%C4%B1m%20Erdem%C4%B1r"> Ibrahım Erdemır</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faruk%20Guven"> Faruk Guven</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cuma%20Ece"> Cuma Ece</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this study is to compare flexion and extension movements in knee-joint group by measuring isokinetic knee power of amateur basketball and football players. For this purpose, total 21 players were included, which consist of football players (n=12) and basketball players (n=9), within the age range of 17–20. After receiving the age, length, body weight, vertical jump, and BMI measurements of all subjects, the measurement of lower extremity knee-joint movement (Flexion-Extension) was made with isokinetic dynamometer (isomed 2000) at 60 o/sec. and 240 o/sec. angular velocity. After arrangement and grouping of collected information forms and knee flexion and extension parameters, all data were analyzed with SPSS for Windows. Descriptive analyses of the parameters were made. Non-parametric t test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare the parameters of football players and basketball players and to find the inter-group differences. The comparisons and relations in the range p<0.05 and p<0.01 between the groups were surveyed. As a conclusion, no statistical differences were found between isokinetic knee flexion and extension parameters of football and basketball players. However, it was found that the football players were older than the basketball players. In addition to this, the average values of the basketball players in the highest torque and the highest torque average curve were found higher than football players in comparisons of left knee extension. However, it was found that fat levels of the basketball players were found to be higher than the football players. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isokinetic%20contraction" title="isokinetic contraction">isokinetic contraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isokinetic%20dynamometer" title=" isokinetic dynamometer"> isokinetic dynamometer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peak%20torque" title=" peak torque"> peak torque</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexion" title=" flexion"> flexion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extension" title=" extension"> extension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=football" title=" football"> football</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basketball" title=" basketball"> basketball</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18790/comparison-of-isokinetic-powers-flexion-and-knee-extension-of-basketball-and-football-players-age-17-20" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18790.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">530</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">562</span> The Code-Mixing of Japanese, English, and Thai in Line Chat </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Premvadee%20Na%20Nakornpanom">Premvadee Na Nakornpanom</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Language mixing in spontaneous speech has been widely discussed, but not in virtual situations; especially in context of the third language learning students. Thus, this study was an attempt to explore the characteristics of the mixing of Japanese, English and Thai in a mobile chat room by students with their background of Japanese, English, and Thai. The result found that Insertion of Thai and English content words was a very common linguistic phenomenon embedded in the utterances. As chatting is to be ‘relational’ or ‘interactional’, it affected the style of lexical choices to be speech-like, more personal and emotional-related. A Japanese sentence-final question particle“か”(ka) was added to the end of the sentence based on Thai grammar rule. Moreover, some unique characteristics were created. The non-verbal cues were represented in personal, Thai styles by inserting textual representations of images or feelings available on the websites into streams of conversations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=code-mixing" title="code-mixing">code-mixing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Japanese" title=" Japanese"> Japanese</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=English" title=" English"> English</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thai" title=" Thai"> Thai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=line%20chat" title=" line chat"> line chat</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19328/the-code-mixing-of-japanese-english-and-thai-in-line-chat" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19328.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">652</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">561</span> Characteristics of Football Spectators Using Second Screen</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Florian%20Pfeffel">Florian Pfeffel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christoph%20A.%20Kexel"> Christoph A. Kexel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Kexel"> Peter Kexel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Ratz"> Maria Ratz </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The parallel usage of different media channels has increased recently owing to technological advances. Second Screen describes the use of a second device by television viewers to consume further content which is related to the program they are watching. This study analysed the characteristics of football spectators regarding their media consumption in relation to Second Screen usage while watching a football match on TV. The existing literature on Second Screen usage is still very limited, especially in the context of particular broadcasting settings such as sport or even more specific such as football matches. Therefore, the primary research objective was to reveal first insights into the user behaviour of football spectators regarding Second Screen services. The survey, which was conducted among German football supporters in 2015, revealed some characteristics such as the identification and involvement into the sports which are related to an increased use of Second Screen services. One important finding for football supporters was that at the time of a match they have a lower parallel media usage compared to other TV broadcastings. Nevertheless, if supporters used a second device while watching a match on TV, then they were using specific Second Screen services. This means they searched for more content related information. The findings on the habits and characteristics of people who are using Second Screen services are relevant for future developments in that area as well as for marketing decisions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=media%20consumption" title="media consumption">media consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=second%20screen" title=" second screen"> second screen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sport%20marketing" title=" sport marketing"> sport marketing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=user%20behaviour" title=" user behaviour"> user behaviour</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47468/characteristics-of-football-spectators-using-second-screen" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47468.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">389</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">560</span> The Algorithm of Semi-Automatic Thai Spoonerism Words for Bi-Syllable</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nutthapat%20Kaewrattanapat">Nutthapat Kaewrattanapat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wannarat%20Bunchongkien"> Wannarat Bunchongkien</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purposes of this research are to study and develop the algorithm of Thai spoonerism words by semi-automatic computer programs, that is to say, in part of data input, syllables are already separated and in part of spoonerism, the developed algorithm is utilized, which can establish rules and mechanisms in Thai spoonerism words for bi-syllables by utilizing analysis in elements of the syllables, namely cluster consonant, vowel, intonation mark and final consonant. From the study, it is found that bi-syllable Thai spoonerism has 1 case of spoonerism mechanism, namely transposition in value of vowel, intonation mark and consonant of both 2 syllables but keeping consonant value and cluster word (if any). From the study, the rules and mechanisms in Thai spoonerism word were applied to develop as Thai spoonerism word software, utilizing PHP program. the software was brought to conduct a performance test on software execution; it is found that the program performs bi-syllable Thai spoonerism correctly or 99% of all words used in the test and found faults on the program at 1% as the words obtained from spoonerism may not be spelling in conformity with Thai grammar and the answer in Thai spoonerism could be more than 1 answer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algorithm" title="algorithm">algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spoonerism" title=" spoonerism"> spoonerism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20linguistics" title=" computational linguistics"> computational linguistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thai%20spoonerism" title=" Thai spoonerism"> Thai spoonerism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12192/the-algorithm-of-semi-automatic-thai-spoonerism-words-for-bi-syllable" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12192.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">236</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">559</span> Thai Arts and Culture the Formation of Thai Identity Letter Font Designed</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kreetha%20Thumcharoensathit">Kreetha Thumcharoensathit</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of the analysis of Thai Arts and Culture which concerning the formation of Thai identity letter font designed is to identify The Aumphawa local community identity so as to select the suitable letter font which can applicable to the computer software usage. The populated survey was from the group of local people who live in Aumphawa sub-district. The methodological is cluster sampling from 100 surveyed, those 50 were from people who have household registration done in Aumphawa sub-district and other from people who live outside. In order to analyze and design the Thai identity letter font computer software designed for both Thai and English language version, the analysis had been completed by compiling of document and field survey from local people’s opinion on their Arts and Culture identity. The out-put will be submitted to the experts for evaluation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thai%20arts" title="Thai arts">Thai arts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design" title=" design"> design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=font" title=" font"> font</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identity" title=" identity"> identity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7600/thai-arts-and-culture-the-formation-of-thai-identity-letter-font-designed" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7600.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">477</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">558</span> Happiness of Thai People: An Analysis by Socioeconomic Factors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kalayanee%20Senasu">Kalayanee Senasu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research investigates Thai people’s happiness based on socioeconomic factors, i.e. region, municipality, gender, age, and occupation. The research data were collected from survey data using interviewed questionnaires. The primary data were from stratified multi-stage sampling in each region, province, district, and enumeration area; and simple random sampling in each enumeration area. These data were collected in 13 provinces: Bangkok and three provinces in each of all four regions. The data were collected over two consecutive years. There were 3,217 usable responses from the 2017 sampling, and 3,280 usable responses from the 2018 sampling. The Senasu’s Thai Happiness Index (THaI) was used to calculate the happiness level of Thai people in 2017 and 2018. This Thai Happiness Index comprises five dimensions: subjective well-being, quality of life, philosophy of living, governance, and standard of living. The result reveals that the 2017 happiness value is 0.506, while Thai people are happier in 2018 (THaI = 0.556). For 2017 happiness, people in the Central region have the highest happiness (THaI = 0.532), which is followed closely by people in the Bangkok Metropolitan Area (THaI = 0.530). People in the North have the lowest happiness (THaI = 0.476) which is close to the level for people in the Northeast (THaI = 0.479). Comparing age groups, it is found that people in the age range 25-29 years old are the happiest (THaI = 0.529), followed by people in the age range 55-59 and 35-39 years old (THaI = 0.526 and 0.523, respectively). Additionally, people who live in municipal areas are happier than those who live in non-municipal areas (THaI = 0.533 vs. 0.475). Males are happier than females (THaI = 0.530 vs. 0.482), and retired people, entrepreneurs, and government employees are all in the high happiness groups (THaI =0.614, 0.608, and 0.593, respectively). For 2018 happiness, people in the Northern region have the highest happiness (THaI = 0.590), which is followed closely by people in the South and Bangkok Metropolitan Area (THaI = 0.578 and 0.577, respectively). People in the Central have the lowest happiness (THaI = 0.530), which is close to the level for people in the Northeast (THaI = 0.533). Comparing age groups, it is found that people in the age range 35-39 years old are the happiest (THaI = 0.572), followed by people in the age range 40-44 and 60-64 years old (THaI = 0.569 and 0.568, respectively). Similar to 2017 happiness, people who live in municipal areas are happier than those who live in non-municipal areas (THaI = 0.567 vs. 0. 552). However, males and females are happy at about the same levels (THaI = 0.561 vs. 0.560), and government employees, retired people, and state enterprise employees are all in the high happiness groups (THaI =0.667, 0.639, and 0.661, respectively). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=happiness" title="happiness">happiness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20of%20life" title=" quality of life"> quality of life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thai%20happiness%20index" title=" Thai happiness index"> Thai happiness index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socio-economic%20factors" title=" socio-economic factors"> socio-economic factors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123540/happiness-of-thai-people-an-analysis-by-socioeconomic-factors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123540.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">114</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">557</span> Analysis of Football Fans Perception of the Video Assistant Referee System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Yartel">David Yartel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Johnmark%20Ampomah%20Mensah%20Fobi"> Johnmark Ampomah Mensah Fobi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ernest%20Yeboah%20Acheampong"> Ernest Yeboah Acheampong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sintim%20Musah"> Sintim Musah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Football has gone through a series of technological reforms targeted at improving the game for its audience. Yet, promote sanity of the game led to the introduction of the video assistant referee (VAR) to ‘check’ or ‘review’ an incident to clarify incidents and communicate the outcome to the referee and the fans. This is to reduce controversies regarding incidents on the pitch of play. In this study, we seek to survey the views of football fans to understand their perception of the video assistant referee, whether it has brought sanity or reduce the uncertainty regarding the decisions after reviews. The exploratory study focuses on 420 fans arbitrarily sampled on the university campuses to answer questionnaires based on the introduction of the video assistant referee. Results show that the VAR has interrupted the flow of the game, dropping passion, increased controversies including decisions from the referees’ call room leading to ensuing fans conflict, especially when it is against their team and vice versa. The study concludes by addressing some of their concerns as the VAR has come to minimise perceptions of incidents and engender fairness for teams. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=football%20fans" title="football fans">football fans</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=football%20incidents" title=" football incidents"> football incidents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=football%20match" title=" football match"> football match</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=video%20assistant%20referee" title=" video assistant referee"> video assistant referee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology" title=" technology"> technology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118318/analysis-of-football-fans-perception-of-the-video-assistant-referee-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118318.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">556</span> Using Multiple Intelligences Theory to Develop Thai Language Skill</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bualak%20Naksongkaew">Bualak Naksongkaew</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purposes of this study were to compare pre- and post-test achievement of Thai language skills. The samples consisted of 40 tenth grader of Secondary Demonstration School of Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University in the first semester of the academic year 2010. The researcher prepared the Thai lesson plans, the pre- and post-achievement test at the end program. Data analyses were carried out using means, standard deviations and descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test analysis for comparison pre- and post-test. The study showed that there were a statistically significant difference at α= 0.05; therefore the use multiple intelligences theory can develop Thai languages skills. The results after using the multiple intelligences theory for Thai lessons had higher level than standard. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20intelligences%20theory" title="multiple intelligences theory">multiple intelligences theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thai%20language%20skills" title=" Thai language skills"> Thai language skills</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development" title=" development"> development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-%20and%20post-test%20achievement" title=" pre- and post-test achievement "> pre- and post-test achievement </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14734/using-multiple-intelligences-theory-to-develop-thai-language-skill" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14734.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">425</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">555</span> A Study of the Use of English by Thai: A Case Study of English in Thai songs </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jutharat%20Nawarungreung">Jutharat Nawarungreung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As an international language, English is used as a medium in formal and informal settings including all kinds of entertainment. As it were, the use of English in such an arena is of no less importance and interest, and indeed it becomes a valuable tool for EFL learners to learn and improve their language. In addition, it is a social perspective in the way that English is incorporated in other nationalities’ music, as well as the attitudes of listeners toward it. This research principally aimed to find out the level of comprehensibility of English inserted in Thai pop music. There were three groups of participants, namely Thais, non-native speakers who are non-Thai and native speakers, 35 each group. The research tools comprised song lyrics, interviews, questionnaires, and video recorder. The participants listened to Thai songs and wrote down the English words and their meanings they heard. They were video-recorded when listening to the songs, and then asked on particular actions and facial expressions. Afterwards, they were interviewed to account for their attitudes toward the incorporation of English into Thai songs. Finally, the participants completed a questionnaire. Data was analysed by the way of comparison of all the participants’ pronunciation. In doing so, the number of correct and incorrect answers was revealed. The study has shown that those who attained the highest level of understanding the English words in Thai music were Thais, native speakers, and non-native speakers who are non-Thai respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=English%20throughout%20the%20world" title="English throughout the world">English throughout the world</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=varieties%20of%20English" title=" varieties of English"> varieties of English</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=English%20in%20Thai%20songs" title=" English in Thai songs"> English in Thai songs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intelligibility" title=" intelligibility"> intelligibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attitudes" title=" attitudes"> attitudes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39447/a-study-of-the-use-of-english-by-thai-a-case-study-of-english-in-thai-songs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39447.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">354</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">554</span> Songkran Tradition: An Invented Tradition of Thai Buddhists and Thai Muslims for Peace and Happiness in Southern Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Utit%20Sungkharat">Utit Sungkharat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: To investigate an invented tradition of Thai Buddhists and Thai Muslims for peace. Methods: The data for this qualitative research were collected from related documents and research reports, field data, and in-depth interviews with Buddhist and Muslim religious leaders and people in the community. Results: The results of the research revealed that Thai Buddhists and Thai Muslims in Tamod Community in the Southern part of Thailand who have lived in the same community and shared the same history of the community jointly invented the Songkran tradition holding on to the reason that they have lived in the same community founded by the same person. The reason for inventing this tradition is that Songkran is a tradition for paying respect to ancestors who passed away and people in Tamod have the same ancestor even though they believe in different religions. Therefore, paying respect to the ancestors can be performed together by people of the two religions. The invented tradition has not only united them and empowered them to drive their community to development but also brought peace and happiness to this community. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=invented%20tradition" title="invented tradition">invented tradition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thai%20Buddhists" title=" Thai Buddhists"> Thai Buddhists</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thai%20Muslims" title=" Thai Muslims"> Thai Muslims</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peace" title=" peace"> peace</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3629/songkran-tradition-an-invented-tradition-of-thai-buddhists-and-thai-muslims-for-peace-and-happiness-in-southern-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3629.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">352</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">553</span> Correlation between Sprint Performance and Vertical Jump Height in Elite Female Football Players</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Svetlana%20Missina">Svetlana Missina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anatoliy%20Shipilov"> Anatoliy Shipilov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexandr%20Vavaev"> Alexandr Vavaev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between sprint and vertical jump performance in elite female football players. Twenty four professional female football players (age, 18.6±3.1 years; height, 168.3±6.3 cm, body mass 61.6±7.4 kg; mean±SD) were tested for 30-m sprint time, 10-m sprint time and vertical countermovement (CMJ) and squat (SJ) jumps height. Participants performed three countermovement jumps and three squat jumps for maximal height on a force platform. Mean values of three trials were used in statistical analysis. The displacement of center of mass (COM) during flight phase (e.g. jump height) was calculated using the vertical velocity of the COM at the moment of take-off. 30-m and 10-m sprint time were measured using OptoGait optical system. The best of three trials were used for analysis. A significant negative correlation was found between 30-m sprint time and CMJ, SJ height (r = -0.85, r = -0.79 respectively), between 10-m sprint time and CMJ, SJ height (r = -0.73, r = -0.8 respectively), and step frequency was significantly related to CMJ peak power (r = -0.57). Our study indicates that there is strong correlation between sprint and jump performance in elite female football players, thus vertical jump test can be considered as a good sprint and agility predictor in female football. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agility" title="agility">agility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=female%20football%20players" title=" female football players"> female football players</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sprint%20performance" title=" sprint performance"> sprint performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20jump%20height" title=" vertical jump height"> vertical jump height</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59039/correlation-between-sprint-performance-and-vertical-jump-height-in-elite-female-football-players" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59039.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">469</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">552</span> Development of Muay Thai Competition Management for Promoting Sport Tourism in the next Decade (2015-2024)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Supasak%20Ngaoprasertwong">Supasak Ngaoprasertwong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this research was to develop a model for Muay Thai competition management for promoting sport tourism in the next decade. Moreover, the model was appropriately initiated for practical use. This study also combined several methodologies, both quantitative research and qualitative research, to entirely cover all aspects of data, especially the tourists’ satisfaction toward Muay Thai competition. The data were collected from 400 tourists watching Muay Thai competition in 4 stadiums to create the model for Muay Thai competition to support the sport tourism in the next decade. Besides, Ethnographic Delphi Futures Research (EDFR) was applied to gather the data from certain experts in boxing industry or having significant role in Muay Thai competition in both public sector and private sector. The first step of data collection was an in-depth interview with 27 experts associated with Muay Thai competition, Muay Thai management, and tourism. The second step and the third step of data collection were conducted to confirm the experts’ opinions toward various elements. When the 3 steps of data collection were completely accomplished, all data were assembled to draft the model. Then the model was proposed to 8 experts to conduct a brainstorming to affirm it. According to the results of quantitative research, it found that the tourists were satisfied with personnel of competition at high level (x=3.87), followed by facilities, services, and safe high level (x=3.67). Furthermore, they were satisfied with operation in competition field at high level (x=3.62).Regarding the qualitative methodology including literature review, theories, concepts and analysis of qualitative research development of the model for Muay Thai competition to promote the sport tourism in the next decade, the findings indicated that there were 2 data sets as follows: The first one was related to Muay Thai competition to encourage the sport tourism and the second one was associated with Muay Thai stadium management to support the sport tourism. After the brain storming, “EE Muay Thai Model” was finally developed for promoting the sport tourism in the next decade (2015-2024). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muay%20Thai%20competition%20management" title="Muay Thai competition management">Muay Thai competition management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muay%20Thai%20sport%20tourism" title=" Muay Thai sport tourism"> Muay Thai sport tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muay%20Thai" title=" Muay Thai"> Muay Thai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muay%20Thai%20for%20sport%20tourism%20management" title=" Muay Thai for sport tourism management"> Muay Thai for sport tourism management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31466/development-of-muay-thai-competition-management-for-promoting-sport-tourism-in-the-next-decade-2015-2024" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31466.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">316</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">551</span> Developing Women’s Football in Asia and Oceania - 1970s to 1990s</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luciane%20Lauffer">Luciane Lauffer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over the past decade, the expansion of women’s football as a competitive sport has gained more attention from the media and researchers. However, the practice of the sport is not new, and in Asia and Oceania, women’s football has emerged as a common physical activity in many countries since the 1970s. This study recovers the major occurrences that made women’s football possible in an international context, also resulting from the main achievements of the feminist movement in most Westernized countries. Using archival research, the author reviews documents that compose the history of the women’s game, marked by many imposed barriers imposed by social and gender norms. This materials present how women managed their sport in their respective countries and regions, mostly prompted by a spirit of cooperation and partnerships that allowed the staging of major international events. The findings point out that, despite the layers of gendered boundaries that attempted to contain the expansion of the sport, women from Asia and Oceania made the sport flourish and eventually achieving recognition at the international level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women%E2%80%99s%20football" title="women’s football">women’s football</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20norms" title=" gender norms"> gender norms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=game%20development" title=" game development"> game development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asia-pacific" title=" Asia-pacific"> Asia-pacific</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153952/developing-womens-football-in-asia-and-oceania-1970s-to-1990s" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153952.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">106</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">550</span> An Exploratory of the Use of English in Contemporary Society</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saksit%20%20Saengboon">Saksit Saengboon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study of English in Thailand receives comparatively little attention in the world of Englishes scholarship despite a complex and dynamic linguistic landscape. Like many countries in the region, English is used in predictable contexts, such as schools and at work. However, English is being increasingly used as a contact language among Thais and non-Thais, requiring much needed empirical attention. This study aims to address this neglected issue by examining how Thais perceive and use English in contemporary Thai society. This study explored the ways in which English has been used in public signage, mass media, especially about Thai food, and perceptions of Thais (N = 80) regarding English. Findings indicate that English in Thailand is used in a complicated manner portraying both standard and non-standard English. Thais still hold a static or traditional view of English, making it impractical, if not impossible, to have Thai English as an established variety. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thai%20english" title="Thai english">Thai english</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thainess%20in%20english" title=" thainess in english"> thainess in english</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20signage" title=" public signage"> public signage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mass%20media" title=" mass media"> mass media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thai%20food" title=" thai food"> thai food</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thai%20linguistic%20landscape" title=" thai linguistic landscape"> thai linguistic landscape</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150712/an-exploratory-of-the-use-of-english-in-contemporary-society" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150712.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">122</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">549</span> The Factors that Affect to the Overall Attitude toward SMS Advertising of Thai Mobile Phone Users</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Panprae%20Bunyapukkna">Panprae Bunyapukkna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study is to: (1) measure the overall attitudes of Thai mobile phone users toward SMS advertisements, and (2) identify demographic factors that affect the overall attitudes toward SMS advertisements of Thai mobile phone users. The sample in this study consists of 100 individuals who possess at least one mobile phone and who either live, work or study in Bangkok. Thirty-three respondents are male, while the other 67 respondents are female. The respondents are aged between 21 years and 45 years old. Convenient sampling technique was used in this study. The results of this study indicate that Thai mobile phone users in general hold negative attitudes toward SMS advertisements, and that negative attitudes prevailed in nearly all different demographic groups. The results also suggest that Thai mobile phone users find SMS advertisements irritating, but are indifferent as to whether SMS ads are informative, credible and entertaining as well. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20attitudes" title="consumer attitudes">consumer attitudes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=credibility" title=" credibility"> credibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SMS%20advertising" title=" SMS advertising"> SMS advertising</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thai%20mobile%20phone%20users" title=" Thai mobile phone users"> Thai mobile phone users</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55238/the-factors-that-affect-to-the-overall-attitude-toward-sms-advertising-of-thai-mobile-phone-users" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55238.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">265</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">548</span> The Antecedents of Thai Women's Entry into National Politics in Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Somsak%20Assavasirisilp">Somsak Assavasirisilp</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purposes of this research were to study the level of participation in the politic activities of Thai women, to study the factors influencing the Thai women’s entry into national politics, and to study the problems and obstacles to prevent women from enter national politics. This was a mixed research method of both qualitative and quantitative technique. The findings revealed that there were many problems and obstacles, especially culture and social norm, to prevent women from enter national politics and did not have many factors to support Thai women to become successful women politician. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culture" title="culture">culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20norm" title=" social norm"> social norm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20politics" title=" national politics"> national politics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thai%20women" title=" Thai women"> Thai women</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65868/the-antecedents-of-thai-womens-entry-into-national-politics-in-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65868.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">327</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thai%20football&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thai%20football&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thai%20football&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thai%20football&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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