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cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">보이기</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ko.wikipedia.org&uselang=ko" class=""><span>기부</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%95%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EA%B8%B0&returnto=%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4%EA%B3%84+%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%B8" title="계정을 만들고 로그인하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 필수는 아닙니다" class=""><span>계정 만들기</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8&returnto=%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4%EA%B3%84+%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%B8" title="위키백과에 로그인하면 여러가지 편리한 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>로그인</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="더 많은 옵션" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="개인 도구" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">개인 도구</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="사용자 메뉴" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ko.wikipedia.org&uselang=ko"><span>기부</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%95%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EA%B8%B0&returnto=%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4%EA%B3%84+%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%B8" title="계정을 만들고 로그인하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 필수는 아닙니다"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>계정 만들기</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8&returnto=%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4%EA%B3%84+%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%B8" title="위키백과에 로그인하면 여러가지 편리한 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>로그인</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 로그아웃한 편집자를 위한 문서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90:%EC%86%8C%EA%B0%9C" aria-label="편집에 관해 더 알아보기"><span>더 알아보기</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%AC" title="이 IP 주소의 편집 목록 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>기여</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EC%9E%90%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0" title="현재 사용하는 IP 주소에 대한 토론 문서 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>토론</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="사이트"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="목차" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">목차</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">처음 위치</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-명칭" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#명칭"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>명칭</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-명칭-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-각_주의_흑인_비율" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#각_주의_흑인_비율"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>각 주의 흑인 비율</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-각_주의_흑인_비율-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-차별_문제" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#차별_문제"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>차별 문제</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-차별_문제-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-혈통" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#혈통"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>혈통</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-혈통-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-같이_보기" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#같이_보기"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>같이 보기</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-같이_보기-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-각주" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#각주"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>각주</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-각주-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-외부_링크" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#외부_링크"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>외부 링크</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-외부_링크-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="목차" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="목차 토글" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">목차 토글</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">아프리카계 미국인</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="다른 언어로 문서를 방문합니다. 103개 언어로 읽을 수 있습니다" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-103" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">103개 언어</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-Amerikaners" title="Afro-Amerikaners – 아프리칸스어" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Afro-Amerikaners" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="아프리칸스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%8D%8D%E1%88%AA%E1%8A%AB_%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%9C%E1%88%AA%E1%8A%AB%E1%8B%8D%E1%8B%AB%E1%8A%95" title="አፍሪካ አሜሪካውያን – 암하라어" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አፍሪካ አሜሪካውያን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="암하라어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A3%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A9" title="أمريكيون أفارقة – 아랍어" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أمريكيون أفارقة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%87" title="امريكيين افارقه – 이집트 아랍어" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="امريكيين افارقه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="이집트 아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroamericanu_d%27Estaos_Xun%C3%ADos" title="Afroamericanu d'Estaos Xuníos – 아스투리아어" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Afroamericanu d'Estaos Xuníos" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="아스투리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroamerikal%C4%B1lar" title="Afroamerikalılar – 아제르바이잔어" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Afroamerikalılar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="아제르바이잔어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="آفروآمریکالی‌لار – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آفروآمریکالی‌لار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroamerikana" title="Afroamerikana – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Afroamerikana" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Афраамерыканцы – 벨라루스어" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Афраамерыканцы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="벨라루스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Афраамэрыканцы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Афраамэрыканцы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Афроамериканци – 불가리아어" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Афроамериканци" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="불가리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroamerikaned" title="Afroamerikaned – 브르타뉴어" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Afroamerikaned" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="브르타뉴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroamerikanci" title="Afroamerikanci – 보스니아어" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Afroamerikanci" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="보스니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negres_estatunidencs" title="Negres estatunidencs – 카탈로니아어" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Negres estatunidencs" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="카탈로니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%95_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ئەمریکییە ئەفریقییەکان – 소라니 쿠르드어" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەمریکییە ئەفریقییەکان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="소라니 쿠르드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroameri%C4%8Dan%C3%A9" title="Afroameričané – 체코어" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Afroameričané" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="체코어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americanwyr_Affricanaidd" title="Americanwyr Affricanaidd – 웨일스어" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Americanwyr Affricanaidd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="웨일스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroamerikanere" title="Afroamerikanere – 덴마크어" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Afroamerikanere" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="덴마크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroamerikaner" title="Afroamerikaner – 독일어" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Afroamerikaner" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroamerikan" title="Afroamerikan – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Afroamerikan" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%86%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%AF" title="Αφροαμερικανοί – 그리스어" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αφροαμερικανοί" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="그리스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans – 영어" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="African Americans" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="영어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrik-usonanoj" title="Afrik-usonanoj – 에스페란토어" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Afrik-usonanoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="에스페란토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroestadounidense" title="Afroestadounidense – 스페인어" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Afroestadounidense" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="스페인어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroameeriklased" title="Afroameeriklased – 에스토니아어" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Afroameeriklased" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="에스토니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-amerikar" title="Afro-amerikar – 바스크어" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Afro-amerikar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="바스크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="سیاه‌پوستان آمریکا – 페르시아어" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سیاه‌پوستان آمریکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="페르시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="추천 항목"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroamerikkalaiset" title="Afroamerikkalaiset – 핀란드어" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Afroamerikkalaiset" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="핀란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroamerikanarar" title="Afroamerikanarar – 페로어" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Afroamerikanarar" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="페로어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-Am%C3%A9ricains" title="Afro-Américains – 프랑스어" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Afro-Américains" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="프랑스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-Amerikanen" title="Afro-Amerikanen – 서부 프리지아어" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Afro-Amerikanen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="서부 프리지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meirice%C3%A1naigh_Afracacha" title="Meiriceánaigh Afracacha – 아일랜드어" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Meiriceánaigh Afracacha" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="아일랜드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroamericano" title="Afroamericano – 갈리시아어" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Afroamericano" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="갈리시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afirkawan_Amurka" title="Afirkawan Amurka – 하우사어" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Afirkawan Amurka" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="하우사어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%AE-y%C3%AD_M%C3%AE-koet_Het-ng%C3%ACn" title="Fî-yí Mî-koet Het-ngìn – 하카어" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Fî-yí Mî-koet Het-ngìn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="하카어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95-%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9D" title="אפרו-אמריקאים – 히브리어" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אפרו-אמריקאים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="히브리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="अफ़्रीकी अमेरिकी – 힌디어" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अफ़्रीकी अमेरिकी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="힌디어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroamerikanci" title="Afroamerikanci – 크로아티아어" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Afroamerikanci" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afriken-Ameriken" title="Afriken-Ameriken – 아이티어" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Afriken-Ameriken" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="아이티어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroamerikaiak" title="Afroamerikaiak – 헝가리어" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Afroamerikaiak" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="헝가리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%86%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Աֆրոամերիկացիներ – 아르메니아어" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աֆրոամերիկացիներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="아르메니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statouniteses_african" title="Statouniteses african – 인터링구아" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Statouniteses african" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="인터링구아" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrika_Amerika_Serikat" title="Afrika Amerika Serikat – 인도네시아어" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Afrika Amerika Serikat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="인도네시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nd%E1%BB%8B_Af%E1%BB%A5r%E1%BB%8Bka_%C7%B9k%C3%A8_Amer%E1%BB%8Bka" title="Ndị Afụrịka ǹkè Amerịka – 이그보어" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ndị Afụrịka ǹkè Amerịka" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="이그보어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taaqsipait" title="Taaqsipait – 이누피아크어" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Taaqsipait" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="이누피아크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikan-Usani" title="Afrikan-Usani – 이도어" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Afrikan-Usani" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="이도어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svartir_Bandar%C3%ADkjamenn" title="Svartir Bandaríkjamenn – 아이슬란드어" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Svartir Bandaríkjamenn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="아이슬란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroamericani" title="Afroamericani – 이탈리아어" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Afroamericani" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="이탈리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%95%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E7%B3%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E4%BA%BA" title="アフリカ系アメリカ人 – 일본어" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アフリカ系アメリカ人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="일본어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrika-Am%C3%A9rika" title="Afrika-Amérika – 자바어" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Afrika-Amérika" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="자바어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D-%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="აფრო-ამერიკელები – 조지아어" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აფრო-ამერიკელები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="조지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Афроамерикалықтар – 카자흐어" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Афроамерикалықтар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="카자흐어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroamer%C3%AEk%C3%AE" title="Afroamerîkî – 쿠르드어" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Afroamerîkî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="쿠르드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroamericani" title="Afroamericani – 라틴어" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Afroamericani" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="라틴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroamerikie%C4%8Diai" title="Afroamerikiečiai – 리투아니아어" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Afroamerikiečiai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="리투아니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroamerik%C4%81%C5%86i" title="Afroamerikāņi – 라트비아어" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Afroamerikāņi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="라트비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikana-Amerikana" title="Afrikana-Amerikana – 말라가시어" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Afrikana-Amerikana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="말라가시어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrika-Amerika" title="Afrika-Amerika – 미낭카바우어" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Afrika-Amerika" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="미낭카바우어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Афроамериканци – 마케도니아어" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Афроамериканци" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="마케도니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC" title="ആഫ്രോ അമേരിക്കക്കാർ – 말라얄람어" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആഫ്രോ അമേരിക്കക്കാർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="말라얄람어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8" title="आफ्रिकन अमेरिकन – 마라티어" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आफ्रिकन अमेरिकन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="마라티어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Amerika_Afrika" title="Orang Amerika Afrika – 말레이어" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Orang Amerika Afrika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="말레이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%96%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%80_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%80%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B0%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="အာဖရိက အမေရိကန် လူမျိုးများ – 버마어" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အာဖရိက အမေရိကန် လူမျိုးများ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="버마어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikaans-Amerikaans" title="Afrikaans-Amerikaans – 저지 색슨어" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Afrikaans-Amerikaans" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="저지 색슨어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-Amerikanen" title="Afro-Amerikanen – 네덜란드어" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Afro-Amerikanen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="네덜란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroamerikanarar" title="Afroamerikanarar – 노르웨이어(니노르스크)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Afroamerikanarar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(니노르스크)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikansk-amerikanere" title="Afrikansk-amerikanere – 노르웨이어(보크말)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Afrikansk-amerikanere" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(보크말)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-Merikano" title="Afro-Merikano – 파피아먼토어" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Afro-Merikano" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="파피아먼토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroamerykanie" title="Afroamerykanie – 폴란드어" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Afroamerykanie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="폴란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="افریقی امریکی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="افریقی امریکی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="افریقايي امریکایان – 파슈토어" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="افریقايي امریکایان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="파슈토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-americanos" title="Afro-americanos – 포르투갈어" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Afro-americanos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="포르투갈어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikane_Amerikanura" title="Afrikane Amerikanura – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Afrikane Amerikanura" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-americani" title="Afro-americani – 루마니아어" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Afro-americani" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="루마니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Афроамериканцы – 러시아어" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Афроамериканцы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="러시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Афроамериканнар – 야쿠트어" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Афроамериканнар" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="야쿠트어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroamericanos" title="Afroamericanos – 사르디니아어" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Afroamericanos" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="사르디니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans – 스코틀랜드어" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="African Americans" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="스코틀랜드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroamerikanci" title="Afroamerikanci – 세르비아-크로아티아어" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Afroamerikanci" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="세르비아-크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%87%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9D" title="අප්‍රිකානු ඇමරිකානුවෝ – 싱할라어" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අප්‍රිකානු ඇමරිකානුවෝ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="싱할라어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="African Americans" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroameri%C4%8Dania" title="Afroameričania – 슬로바키아어" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Afroameričania" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="슬로바키아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadka_Madoow" title="Dadka Madoow – 소말리아어" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Dadka Madoow" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="소말리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikano-amerikan%C3%ABt" title="Afrikano-amerikanët – 알바니아어" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Afrikano-amerikanët" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="알바니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroamerikanci" title="Afroamerikanci – 세르비아어" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Afroamerikanci" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="세르비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroamerikaner" title="Afroamerikaner – 스웨덴어" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Afroamerikaner" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="스웨덴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wamarekani_weusi" title="Wamarekani weusi – 스와힐리어" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Wamarekani weusi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="스와힐리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroameryk%C5%8Dny" title="Afroamerykōny – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Afroamerykōny" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="ஆபிரிக்க அமெரிக்கர் – 타밀어" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆபிரிக்க அமெரிக்கர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="타밀어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2" title="ชาวอเมริกันเชื้อสายแอฟริกา – 태국어" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชาวอเมริกันเชื้อสายแอฟริกา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="태국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aprikanong_Amerikano" title="Aprikanong Amerikano – 타갈로그어" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Aprikanong Amerikano" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="타갈로그어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroamerikal%C4%B1lar" title="Afroamerikalılar – 터키어" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Afroamerikalılar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="터키어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans – 트위어" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="African Americans" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="트위어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96" title="Афроамериканці – 우크라이나어" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Афроамериканці" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="우크라이나어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="افریقی-امریکی – 우르두어" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="افریقی-امریکی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="우르두어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroamerikaliklar" title="Afroamerikaliklar – 우즈베크어" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Afroamerikaliklar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="우즈베크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroamerican" title="Afroamerican – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Afroamerican" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_M%E1%BB%B9_g%E1%BB%91c_Phi" title="Người Mỹ gốc Phi – 베트남어" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Mỹ gốc Phi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="베트남어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E8%A3%94%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA" title="非裔美国人 – 우어" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="非裔美国人" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="우어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80w%E1%BB%8Dn_%E1%BB%8Dm%E1%BB%8D_%C3%81f%C3%ADr%C3%ADk%C3%A0_Am%E1%BA%B9%CC%81r%C3%ADk%C3%A0" title="Àwọn ọmọ Áfíríkà Amẹ́ríkà – 요루바어" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àwọn ọmọ Áfíríkà Amẹ́ríkà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="요루바어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E8%A3%94%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA" title="非裔美国人 – 중국어" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="非裔美国人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="중국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4%EA%B3%84_%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%B8&printable=yes" title="이 문서의 인쇄용 판 [p]" accesskey="p"><span>인쇄용 판</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 다른 프로젝트 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:African_Americans" hreflang="en"><span>위키미디어 공용</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q49085" title="데이터 저장소에 연결된 항목을 가리키는 링크 [g]" accesskey="g"><span>위키데이터 항목</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="페이지 도구"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="보이기"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">보이기</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ko" dir="ltr"><p><span class="nowrap"></span> </p> <table class="infobox" style="width:300px;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2"> <div style="background:#b0c4de; position:relative; width:100%; height:50px; display:table;"><div style="position:absolute; bottom:0px; right:0;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Picto_infobox_character.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><span style="position:relative; width:100%; display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; padding:4px;"><big><big><b>아프리카계 미국인<br /><i>African Americans</i></b></big></big></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background:#b0c4de"><b>총인구</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">2020년 기준 41,104,200명 (미국 인구의 12.4%)<sup id="cite_ref-2020USCensus_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020USCensus-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />14.2% of the total U.S. population (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-2020USCensus_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020USCensus-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><small>다른 인종에 동시에 해당되는 경우를 포함하면 46,936,733명 (미국 인구의 14.2%)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background:#b0c4de"><b>언어</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EC%96%B4" title="영어">영어</a>(<a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%EC%98%81%EC%96%B4" title="미국 영어">미국 영어</a> 또는 <a href="/wiki/%ED%9D%91%EC%9D%B8_%EC%98%81%EC%96%B4" title="흑인 영어">흑인 영어</a>), <a href="/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%EC%9D%B4%EC%A7%80%EC%95%A0%EB%82%98_%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%AC%EC%98%AC" title="루이지애나 크리올">루이지애나 크리올</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B1%B8%EB%9F%AC%EC%96%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="걸러어 (없는 문서)">걸러어</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background:#b0c4de"><b>종교</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">주로 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%9C%EC%8B%A0%EA%B5%90" title="개신교">개신교</a>(71%), <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%80%ED%86%A8%EB%A6%AD" title="가톨릭">가톨릭</a>(5%), <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%AC%ED%98%B8%EC%99%80%EC%9D%98_%EC%A6%9D%EC%9D%B8" title="여호와의 증인">여호와의 증인</a>(2%), <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%AC%EB%9E%8C%EA%B5%90" title="이슬람교">이슬람교</a>(2%), <a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%B4%EC%A2%85%EA%B5%90" title="무종교">무종교</a> (18%) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background:#b0c4de"><b>민족계통</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;"><span class="nowrap">근연민족 </span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%9D%91%EC%9D%B8" title="흑인">흑인</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4%EC%9D%B8" title="아프리카인">아프리카인</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>아프리카계 미국인</b>(<span style="font-size: smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EC%96%B4" title="영어">영어</a>: </span><span lang="en">African American</span>) 또는 <b>미국 흑인</b>(<span style="font-size: smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EC%96%B4" title="영어">영어</a>: </span><span lang="en">Black American</span>)은 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD" title="미국">미국</a>에서 <a href="/wiki/%ED%9D%91%EC%9D%B8" title="흑인">흑인</a>의 혈통을 가진 사람을 말한다. 이들은 영어로 Afro-American이라고도 불린다. 아프리카계 미국인들 중에는 아프리카인의 혈통 외에 유럽인 등 다른 계통도 섞여 있는 경우도 많으며, 부분적으로 아프리카계 혈통을 가지고 있으나 흑인으로서의 정체성을 가지지 않는 사람도 있다. </p><p>미국 건국 이래 미국에서 백인을 제외한 가장 큰 소수 민족이었으나, <a href="/wiki/%ED%9E%88%EC%8A%A4%ED%8C%A8%EB%8B%89" title="히스패닉">히스패닉</a>계에 밀려 현재는 약 13%를 차지하는 3번째 규모의 인종 집단이다. 1790년대 이들은 미국 인구의 19.3%까지 달했지만 이후 서서히 줄어들기 시작했다. 아프리카계 미국인들은 역사적으로 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%EB%82%A8%EB%B6%80" title="미국 남부">미국 남부</a>에 가장 많이 거주하고 있으나, <a href="/wiki/%ED%9D%91%EC%9D%B8_%EB%8C%80%EC%9D%B4%EB%8F%99" title="흑인 대이동">흑인 대이동</a> 이후 북부(중서부 포함)와 태평양 지역의 공업 도시들로도 인구가 확산되었다. </p><p>상당수가 <a href="/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EC%98%88" class="mw-redirect" title="노예">노예</a>로서 아프리카로부터 강제이주된 사람의 후손으로 이루어져 있으며, 이들은 1860년대 노예제가 완전히 철폐된 이후에도 지속적인 인종 차별의 대상이 되었다. 현재 미국에서의 인종 차별은 많이 줄어들었으나 여전히 경제적으로 고전중이다. 현재 아프리카계 미국인들의 평균 연봉은 백인들의 65%에 불과하다.<sup id="cite_ref-DeNavas-Walt_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeNavas-Walt-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 정치계에서도 이들의 숫자는 적은데, 2008년 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%84%EB%9D%BD_%EC%98%A4%EB%B0%94%EB%A7%88" title="버락 오바마">버락 오바마</a>가 아프리카계로는 사상 처음으로 미국에서 가장 높은 자리인 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%98_%EB%8C%80%ED%86%B5%EB%A0%B9" title="미국의 대통령">대통령</a>에 당선되어 중대한 변화가 시작되었으나 2009년 당시 기준으로 연방 상원 의원으로 재직한 적이 있는 흑인은 6명에 불과했다. </p><p>아프리카계 미국인들의 음악은 이들이 미국 문화에 끼친 가장 큰 영향중에 하나다. <a href="/wiki/%EB%9E%A9" class="mw-disambig" title="랩">랩</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%9E%99%ED%95%A9" title="힙합">힙합</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%26B" class="mw-redirect" title="R&B">R&B</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%86%8C%EC%9A%B8" class="mw-disambig" title="소울">소울</a> 장르들은 현대에 와서 미국 전체에서 인기를 얻으며 대중음악이 되었다. <a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9D%EC%95%A4%EB%A1%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="록앤롤">록앤롤</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%AC%EC%A6%88" title="재즈">재즈</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%B8%94%EB%A3%A8%EC%A6%88" class="mw-redirect" title="블루즈">블루즈</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%91%ED%81%AC" title="펑크">펑크</a> 역시 아프리카계 미국인 문화에서 비롯하였다. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="명칭"><span id=".EB.AA.85.EC.B9.AD"></span>명칭</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4%EA%B3%84_%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%B8&action=edit&section=1" title="부분 편집: 명칭"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>미국에서 이 명칭은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%ED%95%98%EB%9D%BC_%EC%9D%B4%EB%82%A8_%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4" title="사하라 이남 아프리카">사하라 이남 아프리카</a> 혈통의 사람에게만 주로 쓰인다. 따라서, 이 명칭은 <a href="/wiki/%EB%82%A8%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4_%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="남아프리카 공화국">남아프리카 공화국</a> 출신 백인이나 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EB%A1%9C%EC%BD%94" title="모로코">모로코</a>와 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%A7%91%ED%8A%B8" title="이집트">이집트</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EB%B9%84%EC%95%84" title="리비아">리비아</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%80%EB%8B%88%EC%A7%80" title="튀니지">튀니지</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EC%A0%9C%EB%A6%AC" title="알제리">알제리</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EB%A6%AC%ED%83%80%EB%8B%88" title="모리타니">모리타니</a> 출신의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%9E%8D%EC%9D%B8" title="아랍인">아랍인</a>들에는 거의 쓰이지 않는다. </p><p>이들은 한 때 "Negro"라고 불렸으나 1970년대쯤 백인들의 억압의 상징으로 보아서 이 명칭은 서서히 인기를 잃었고 현재 경멸적인 말로 여겨져 사용되지 않는다. 1960년 Black Power 운동의 영향으로 검은 피부를 강조하여 당시 단순히 <b><a href="/wiki/%ED%9D%91%EC%9D%B8" title="흑인">흑인</a></b>(Black)이라는 명칭을 지지하기 시작했다. 1980년대 들어서는 정치적 중립성을 위해 다른 계통 미국인 명칭의 예를 차용하여 본격적으로 <b>아프리카계 미국인</b>(Afro-American)이라는 단어를 쓰기 시작했다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="각_주의_흑인_비율"><span id=".EA.B0.81_.EC.A3.BC.EC.9D.98_.ED.9D.91.EC.9D.B8_.EB.B9.84.EC.9C.A8"></span>각 주의 흑인 비율</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4%EA%B3%84_%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%B8&action=edit&section=2" title="부분 편집: 각 주의 흑인 비율"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Black_Americans_by_county.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Black_Americans_by_county.png/360px-Black_Americans_by_county.png" decoding="async" width="360" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Black_Americans_by_county.png/540px-Black_Americans_by_county.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Black_Americans_by_county.png/720px-Black_Americans_by_county.png 2x" data-file-width="7500" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>2020년 미국 인구 조사에 따르면 50개 주, 콜롬비아 특별구, 푸에르토리코의 각 카운티에서 아프리카계 미국인의 비율</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>지역</th> <th>비율 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EC%8B%9C%EC%8B%9C%ED%94%BC%EC%A3%BC" title="미시시피주">미시시피주</a></td> <td><b>37.18 %</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%EC%9D%B4%EC%A7%80%EC%95%A0%EB%82%98%EC%A3%BC" title="루이지애나주">루이지애나주</a></td> <td>31.98 % </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%80%EC%95%84%EC%A3%BC" title="조지아주">조지아주</a></td> <td>30.02 % </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EB%A6%B4%EB%9E%9C%EB%93%9C%EC%A3%BC" title="메릴랜드주">메릴랜드주</a></td> <td>29.47 % </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%B0%EC%8A%A4%EC%BA%90%EB%A1%A4%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%EB%82%98%EC%A3%BC" title="사우스캐롤라이나주">사우스캐롤라이나주</a></td> <td>28.48 % </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%A8%EB%9D%BC%EB%B0%B0%EB%A7%88%EC%A3%BC" title="앨라배마주">앨라배마주</a></td> <td rowspan="2">26.38 % </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%EB%8D%B8%EB%9D%BC%EC%9B%A8%EC%96%B4%EC%A3%BC" title="델라웨어주">델라웨어주</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EC%8A%A4%EC%BA%90%EB%A1%A4%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%EB%82%98%EC%A3%BC" title="노스캐롤라이나주">노스캐롤라이나주</a></td> <td>21.60 % </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%84%EC%A7%80%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84%EC%A3%BC" title="버지니아주">버지니아주</a></td> <td>19.91 % </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%EB%89%B4%EC%9A%95%EC%A3%BC" title="뉴욕주">뉴욕주</a></td> <td>17.25 % </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%85%8C%EB%84%A4%EC%8B%9C%EC%A3%BC" title="테네시주">테네시주</a></td> <td>16.78 % </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%94%8C%EB%A1%9C%EB%A6%AC%EB%8B%A4%EC%A3%BC" title="플로리다주">플로리다주</a></td> <td>15.91 % </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%B9%B8%EC%86%8C%EC%A3%BC" title="아칸소주">아칸소주</a></td> <td>15.76 % </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%A6%AC%EB%85%B8%EC%9D%B4%EC%A3%BC" title="일리노이주">일리노이주</a></td> <td>14.88 % </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%EB%89%B4%EC%A0%80%EC%A7%80%EC%A3%BC" title="뉴저지주">뉴저지주</a></td> <td>14.46 % </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EC%8B%9C%EA%B0%84%EC%A3%BC" title="미시간주">미시간주</a></td> <td>14.24 % </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A4%ED%95%98%EC%9D%B4%EC%98%A4%EC%A3%BC" title="오하이오주">오하이오주</a></td> <td>12.04 % </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%85%8D%EC%82%AC%EC%8A%A4%EC%A3%BC" title="텍사스주">텍사스주</a></td> <td>11.91 % </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EC%A3%BC%EB%A6%AC%EC%A3%BC" title="미주리주">미주리주</a></td> <td>11.49 % </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%9C%EC%8B%A4%EB%B2%A0%EC%9D%B4%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84%EC%A3%BC" title="펜실베이니아주">펜실베이니아주</a></td> <td>10.79 % </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%BD%94%EB%84%A4%ED%8B%B0%EC%BB%B7%EC%A3%BC" title="코네티컷주">코네티컷주</a></td> <td>9.34 % </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%94%94%EC%95%A0%EB%82%98%EC%A3%BC" title="인디애나주">인디애나주</a></td> <td>9.07 % </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A4%ED%81%B4%EB%9D%BC%ED%98%B8%EB%A7%88%EC%A3%BC" title="오클라호마주">오클라호마주</a></td> <td>8.62 % </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%EB%84%A4%EB%B0%94%EB%8B%A4%EC%A3%BC" title="네바다주">네바다주</a></td> <td>8.13 % </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%BC%84%ED%84%B0%ED%82%A4%EC%A3%BC" title="켄터키주">켄터키주</a></td> <td>7.71 % </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%BA%98%EB%A6%AC%ED%8F%AC%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84%EC%A3%BC" title="캘리포니아주">캘리포니아주</a></td> <td>6.67 % </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%EC%8A%A4%EC%BD%98%EC%8B%A0%EC%A3%BC" title="위스콘신주">위스콘신주</a></td> <td>6.30 % </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EB%84%A4%EC%86%8C%ED%83%80%EC%A3%BC" title="미네소타주">미네소타주</a></td> <td>5.40 % </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%A4%EC%82%AC%EC%B6%94%EC%84%B8%EC%B8%A0%EC%A3%BC" title="매사추세츠주">매사추세츠주</a></td> <td>5.23 % </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%BA%94%EC%9E%90%EC%8A%A4%EC%A3%BC" title="캔자스주">캔자스주</a></td> <td>5.08 % </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%EB%84%A4%EB%B8%8C%EB%9E%98%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%B4%EC%A3%BC" title="네브래스카주">네브래스카주</a></td> <td>4.52 % </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%A0%EB%A6%AC%EC%A1%B0%EB%82%98%EC%A3%BC" title="애리조나주">애리조나주</a></td> <td>4.16 % </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%BD%9C%EB%A1%9C%EB%9D%BC%EB%8F%84%EC%A3%BC" title="콜로라도주">콜로라도주</a></td> <td>4.00 % </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%A8%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%B2%84%EC%A7%80%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84%EC%A3%BC" title="웨스트버지니아주">웨스트버지니아주</a></td> <td>3.40 % </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%8C%EC%8B%B1%ED%84%B4%EC%A3%BC" title="워싱턴주">워싱턴주</a></td> <td>3.29 % </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B4%EC%98%A4%EC%99%80%EC%A3%BC" title="아이오와주">아이오와주</a></td> <td>2.90 % </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EB%A6%AC%EA%B1%B4%EC%A3%BC" title="오리건주">오리건주</a></td> <td>1.32 % </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="차별_문제"><span id=".EC.B0.A8.EB.B3.84_.EB.AC.B8.EC.A0.9C"></span>차별 문제</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4%EA%B3%84_%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%B8&action=edit&section=3" title="부분 편집: 차별 문제"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Martin_Luther_King_-_March_on_Washington.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Martin_Luther_King_-_March_on_Washington.jpg/220px-Martin_Luther_King_-_March_on_Washington.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Martin_Luther_King_-_March_on_Washington.jpg/330px-Martin_Luther_King_-_March_on_Washington.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Martin_Luther_King_-_March_on_Washington.jpg/440px-Martin_Luther_King_-_March_on_Washington.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1296" data-file-height="1403" /></a><figcaption>흑인인권 운동을 이끌었던 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%ED%8B%B4_%EB%A3%A8%ED%84%B0_%ED%82%B9_2%EC%84%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="마틴 루터 킹 2세">마틴 루터 킹 2세</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>흑인들은 여러 가지 면에서 사회적인 차별을 받는다고 여겨진다. 원래 흑인들은 대부분 노예로서 미국에 온 사람들의 자손들로서 그들 대부분은 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%EB%82%A8%EB%B6%80" title="미국 남부">미국 남부</a>에 거주하고 있었다. 그러다가 제1·2차 <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84%EB%8C%80%EC%A0%84" class="mw-redirect" title="세계대전">세계대전</a>이 일어나고 공업이 부흥하면서 많은 흑인들이 일자리를 찾아 미국의 북부 및 태평양 연안으로 이동하는 <a href="/wiki/%ED%9D%91%EC%9D%B8_%EB%8C%80%EC%9D%B4%EB%8F%99" title="흑인 대이동">흑인 대이동</a> 현상이 일어났고 그곳에도 지역적으로 '흑인 밀집지대'가 탄생하였다. 1900년에만 해도 흑인인구의 90%가 남부에 거주하고 있었지만 1960년에 이르러선 남부에 거주하는 자는 60%로 낮아졌다. 미국이 제2차 대전을 치르는 동안 노동력의 부족을 흑인들로 메꾼 결과, 일부 흑인들은 경제적 지위의 향상을 얻었지만 아직까지도 남부는 말할 것도 없고 미국 전체의 흑인들은 법률적·경제적·사회관습면 등에서 많은 차별대우를 받고 있다. 흑인의 실업률은 항상 백인들의 2배를 넘고 흑인 노동자는 "맨 먼저 해고당하고 맨 마지막으로 고용된다"는 말이 나올 정도이다. 20세기까지도 대부분의 주에서 흑인은 백인과의 결혼이 법률로써 금지되어 있었을 뿐만 아니라, 교회에서까지 흑백분리가 행하여지고 있었다. </p><p>흑인의 해방 운동은 제2차 세계대전 이후에 왕성해졌으며, 최초의 대운동은 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%BB%A4%EC%8A%A4_%EA%B0%80%EB%B9%84" title="마커스 가비">마커스 가비</a>가 부르짖은 '아프리카로 돌아가자'는 운동이었다. 이때부터 진보적인 백인과 흑인이 모여 1909년에는 전국 유색인종 향상협회(NAACP)를 창립하고 흑인의 차별철폐 운동을 시작하였다. 특히 1954년에 연방최고재판소에서 내린 흑인분리교육 위헌 판결은 흑인의 권리옹호 투쟁에 있어서 중대한 승리였다. 처음에는 소수의 북부 흑인단체나 몇몇 진보적인 백인이 한정된 투쟁을 벌였던 것이 그 이후부터는 남부 흑인 대중에 의한 투쟁으로 크게 확대되었다. 1957년의 리틀 록 고등학교 사건과 1963년의 버밍햄 대학 사건 등 차별교육 반대투쟁은 때때로 흑인대중과 남부 차별주의자와의 사이에 무력형태의 투쟁으로 번졌다. 1963년 8월에는 워싱턴에서 '직업과 자유를 위한 행진'이 행하여졌다. 그러나 1964년 8월에 있었던 뉴욕의 할렘폭동 이래 해마다 '길고 무더운 여름(케네디 대통령의 말)'이 되풀이될 때마다 수많은 도시의 슬럼가에서 흑인폭동 사건이 발생했다. 1967년 여름에는 디트로이트, 시카고를 비롯하여 미국의 각 지역에 광범하게 폭동이 파급되었다. 1950년대로부터 1963년 전반기에 이르는 동안에 흑인차별법이 차차 철폐되고 1964년에는 공민권법(公民權法)이 성립되었지만 오히려 흑인폭동은 한층 광폭화·과격화 양상을 나타내고 있는 실정이다. 그 원인은 여러 가지를 들 수 있겠으나, 가령 법률상의 차별이 철폐된다 하더라도 주거·직업·군대 등에서 사실상의 차별은 뿌리 깊게 남아 있어서 흑인들의 불만을 쉽게 해소시킬 수가 없었기 때문이다.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="혈통"><span id=".ED.98.88.ED.86.B5"></span>혈통</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4%EA%B3%84_%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%B8&action=edit&section=4" title="부분 편집: 혈통"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>최근의 유전학적 연구에 의하면 아프리카계 미국인은 평균적으로 73.2–82.1%의 서아프리카계 혈통, 16.7%–24%의 유럽계 혈통, 0.8–1.2%의 아메리카 원주민 혈통을 가지고 있으며, 다만 개인별로 차이가 크게 드러난다.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="같이_보기"><span id=".EA.B0.99.EC.9D.B4_.EB.B3.B4.EA.B8.B0"></span>같이 보기</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4%EA%B3%84_%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%B8&action=edit&section=5" title="부분 편집: 같이 보기"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4%EA%B3%84_%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%B8%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC" title="아프리카계 미국인의 역사">아프리카계 미국인의 역사</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%95%EC%B9%98%EC%A0%81_%EC%98%AC%EB%B0%94%EB%A6%84" title="정치적 올바름">정치적 올바름</a>(PC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%AC%EC%99%B8_%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4%EC%9D%B8" title="재외 아프리카인">재외 아프리카인</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="각주"><span id=".EA.B0.81.EC.A3.BC"></span>각주</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4%EA%B3%84_%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%B8&action=edit&section=6" title="부분 편집: 각주"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r35556958">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2020USCensus-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-2020USCensus_1-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-2020USCensus_1-1">나</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/race-and-ethnicity-in-the-united-state-2010-and-2020-census.html">https://census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/race-and-ethnicity-in-the-united-state-2010-and-2020-census.html</a>. 2020 U.S. Census</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DeNavas-Walt-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-DeNavas-Walt_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Carmen DeNavas-Walt, Bernadette D. Proctor, Cheryl Hill Lee, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.census.gov/prod/2005pubs/p60-229.pdf">Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2004</a> U.S. Census P60-229, U.S. Census Bureau, August 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%80%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%8C_%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84%EB%8C%80%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC%EC%82%AC%EC%A0%84" class="mw-redirect" title="글로벌 세계대백과사전">글로벌 세계대백과사전</a>》, 〈흑인문제〉</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Katarzyna Bryc; Adam Auton; Matthew R. Nelson; Jorge R. Oksenberg; Stephen L. Hauser; Scott Williams; Alain Froment; Jean-Marie Bodo; Charles Wambebe; Sarah A. Tishkoff; Carlos D. Bustamante (2010년 1월 12일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2818934">“Genome-wide patterns of population structure and admixture in West Africans and African Americans”</a>. 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》 <b>107</b> (2): 786–791. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010PNAS..107..786B">2010PNAS..107..786B</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0909559107">10.1073/pnas.0909559107</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C_%EC%84%BC%ED%8A%B8%EB%9F%B4" title="펍메드 센트럴">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2818934">2818934</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20080753">20080753</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=Genome-wide+patterns+of+population+structure+and+admixture+in+West+Africans+and+African+Americans&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=786-791&rft.date=2010-01-12&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2818934&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20080753&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.0909559107&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2010PNAS..107..786B&rft.au=Katarzyna+Bryc&rft.au=Adam+Auton&rft.au=Matthew+R.+Nelson&rft.au=Jorge+R.+Oksenberg&rft.au=Stephen+L.+Hauser&rft.au=Scott+Williams&rft.au=Alain+Froment&rft.au=Jean-Marie+Bodo&rft.au=Charles+Wambebe&rft.au=Sarah+A.+Tishkoff&rft.au=Carlos+D.+Bustamante&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2818934&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4%EA%B3%84+%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%B8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Katarzyna Bryc; Eric Y. Durand; J. Michael Macpherson; David Reich; Joanna L. Mountain (2015년 1월 8일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4289685">“The Genetic Ancestry of African Americans, Latinos, and European Americans across the United States”</a>. 《The American Journal of Human Genetics》 <b>96</b> (1): 37–53. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ajhg.2014.11.010">10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.11.010</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C_%EC%84%BC%ED%8A%B8%EB%9F%B4" title="펍메드 센트럴">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4289685">4289685</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25529636">25529636</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+Human+Genetics&rft.atitle=The+Genetic+Ancestry+of+African+Americans%2C+Latinos%2C+and+European+Americans+across+the+United+States&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=37-53&rft.date=2015-01-08&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4289685&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25529636&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ajhg.2014.11.010&rft.au=Katarzyna+Bryc&rft.au=Eric+Y.+Durand&rft.au=J.+Michael+Macpherson&rft.au=David+Reich&rft.au=Joanna+L.+Mountain&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4289685&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4%EA%B3%84+%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%B8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Soheil Baharian; Maxime Barakatt; Christopher R. Gignoux; Suyash Shringarpure; Jacob Errington; William J. Blot; Carlos D. Bustamante; Eimear E. Kenny; Scott M. Williams; Melinda C. Aldrich; Simon Gravel (2015년 5월 27일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4883799">“The Great Migration and African-American Genomic Diversity”</a>. 《PLOS Genetics》 <b>12</b> (5): e1006059. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pgen.1006059">10.1371/journal.pgen.1006059</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C_%EC%84%BC%ED%8A%B8%EB%9F%B4" title="펍메드 센트럴">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4883799">4883799</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27232753">27232753</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+Genetics&rft.atitle=The+Great+Migration+and+African-American+Genomic+Diversity&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=e1006059&rft.date=2015-05-27&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4883799&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27232753&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pgen.1006059&rft.au=Soheil+Baharian&rft.au=Maxime+Barakatt&rft.au=Christopher+R.+Gignoux&rft.au=Suyash+Shringarpure&rft.au=Jacob+Errington&rft.au=William+J.+Blot&rft.au=Carlos+D.+Bustamante&rft.au=Eimear+E.+Kenny&rft.au=Scott+M.+Williams&rft.au=Melinda+C.+Aldrich&rft.au=Simon+Gravel&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4883799&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4%EA%B3%84+%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%B8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="외부_링크"><span id=".EC.99.B8.EB.B6.80_.EB.A7.81.ED.81.AC"></span>외부 링크</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4%EA%B3%84_%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%B8&action=edit&section=7" title="부분 편집: 외부 링크"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><span style="font-size: smaller;" title="언어: 영어">(영어)</span></b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbs.org/wnet/aaworld/index.html">African American World PBS</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480591">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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