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id="main-content"></a> <h1 class="page__title title mt-4" id="page-title">Research</h1> <div class="node-7106 node node-uaqs-flexible-page view-mode-full clearfix" about="/research" typeof="sioc:Item foaf:Document"> <header> <span property="dc:title" content="Research" class="rdf-meta element-hidden"></span><span property="sioc:num_replies" content="0" datatype="xsd:integer" class="rdf-meta element-hidden"></span> </header> <div class="entity entity-paragraphs-item paragraphs-item-uaqs-content-chunks-html mb-4 "> <div class="content"> <h3><a href="/publications">Publications</a></h3> <p>Find <a href="/publications">recent publications</a> by LTRR faculty and students.</p> <p>聽</p> <h3><a href="/research/software">Software and Data</a></h3> <p>Download <a href="/research/software">free tree-ring analysis software</a>.</p> <h3>Research Interests by Subdiscipline</h3> <p>LTRR researchers are involved in a variety of subdisciplines of dendrochronology, each applying the science of tree-ring dating for a specific purpose, applying various methods to address relevant research questions.</p> <div id="descript"> <table align="left" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" id="descrpt" valign="top" width="100%"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><img alt="" 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" /></td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"> <p><strong><a href="https://ltrr.arizona.edu/content/southwestern-dendroarchaeology">dendroarchaeology</a></strong></p> <p class="rteindent1">the dating and study of behavior of past human cultures</p> </td> </tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><img alt="synoptic dendroclimatology graphic" src="/sites/ltrr.arizona.edu/files/oldimages/subdiscipline_synoptic_climatology_tn.gif" style="border-width: 0px; border-style: solid; width: 150px; height: 100px;" /></td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"> <p><strong>dendroclimatology</strong></p> <p class="rteindent1">this broad subdiscipline involves the reconstruction and multiscalar study of the patterns and variability of climate elements</p> </td> </tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="/dendroecology"><img alt="dendroecology graphic" src="/sites/ltrr.arizona.edu/files/oldimages/subdiscipline_ecology_tn.gif" style="border-width: 0px; border-style: solid; width: 150px; height: 100px;" /></a></td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"> <p><strong><a href="/dendroecology">dendroecology</a></strong></p> <p class="rteindent1">the study of past and present forest ecological form and function, including topics such as fire and/or insect dynamics and forest composition history</p> </td> </tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><img alt="dendrogeomorphology graphic" src="/sites/ltrr.arizona.edu/files/oldimages/subdiscipline_geomorphology_tn.gif" style="border-width: 0px; border-style: solid; width: 150px; height: 100px;" /></td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"> <p><strong>dendrogeomorphology</strong></p> <p class="rteindent1">the study of present landforms and past geomorphic processes, including volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, avalanches, glacial movement, and landslides</p> </td> </tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><img alt="dendrohydrology graphic" src="/sites/ltrr.arizona.edu/files/oldimages/subdiscipline_hydrology_tn.gif" style="border-width: 0px; border-style: solid; width: 150px; height: 100px;" /></td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"> <p><strong>dendrohydrology</strong></p> <p class="rteindent1">the reconstruction and study of past and present hydrologic phenomena, including water supply, river flow, and flood frequencies (related to dendroclimatology)</p> </td> </tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><img alt="stable isotopes graphic" src="/sites/ltrr.arizona.edu/files/oldimages/subdiscipline_stable_isotopes_tn.gif" style="border-width: 0px; border-style: solid; width: 150px; height: 100px;" /></td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"> <p><strong>dendroisotope chemistry</strong></p> <p class="rteindent1">the study of stable isotopes of carbon, oxygen, and/or hydrogen of tree rings and application of results in various climatological, ecological, or hydrological contexts</p> </td> </tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><img alt="dendroenvironmental studies graphic" src="/sites/ltrr.arizona.edu/files/oldimages/subdiscipline_environmental_studies_tn.gif" style="border-width: 0px; border-style: solid; width: 150px; height: 100px;" /></td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"> <p><strong>dendroenvironmental studies</strong></p> <p class="rteindent1">the analysis of inorganic elements in tree rings and interpretation of chemical changes in the environment through time</p> </td> </tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><img alt="basic techniques graphic" src="/sites/ltrr.arizona.edu/files/oldimages/subdiscipline_basic_techniques_tn.gif" style="border-width: 0px; border-style: solid; width: 150px; height: 100px;" /></td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"> <p><strong>basic dendrochronology techniques</strong></p> <p class="rteindent1">Improving methods of dendrochronology, including use of high-technology methods such as X-ray densitometry and image analysis.</p> </td> </tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><img alt="quantitative methods graphic" src="/sites/ltrr.arizona.edu/files/oldimages/subdiscipline_quantitative_methods_tn.gif" style="border-width: 0px; border-style: solid; width: 150px; height: 100px;" /></td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"> <p><strong>quantitative analysis methods</strong></p> <p class="rteindent1">Basic research on how best to quantitatively analyze tree-ring data.</p> </td> </tr></tbody></table></div> <p>聽</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <aside class="col-sm-3 col-sm-pull-9" role="complementary"> <section class="region region-sidebar-first column sidebar"> <div id="block-menu-block-uaqs-second-level" class="block block-menu-block first last odd" role="navigation" aria-label="secondary"> <h2 class="block__title block-title h3 mt-4">Research</h2> <div class="menu-block-wrapper menu-block-uaqs-second-level menu-name-main-menu parent-mlid-0 menu-level-2"> <ul class="nav nav-pills nav-stacked"><li class="menu__item is-leaf first leaf menu-mlid-4881"><a href="http://www.u.arizona.edu/~kanchukaitis/" title="" class="menu__link">Past Landscapes Lab</a></li> <li class="menu__item is-leaf leaf menu-mlid-4882"><a href="http://trouetlab.arizona.edu/" title="" class="menu__link">Trouet SPICE Lab</a></li> <li class="menu__item is-leaf leaf menu-mlid-4884"><a href="https://thehulab.com/" title="" class="menu__link">Hu Lab</a></li> <li class="menu__item is-leaf leaf menu-mlid-1936"><a href="/aegean" class="menu__link">Aegean Dendrochronology Project</a></li> <li class="menu__item is-leaf leaf menu-mlid-4883"><a href="/content/southwestern-dendroarchaeology" class="menu__link">Southwestern Dendroarchaeology</a></li> <li class="menu__item is-leaf last leaf menu-mlid-376"><a href="https://collection.ltrr.arizona.edu" title="Information about the LTRR Collection and the curation program" class="menu__link">LTRR Collection</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </section> </aside>  </div> 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