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However, when trying to optimize investment in offspring provisioning, the most energetically costly component of seabird parental care, adults need to contend with large interannual fluctuations in prey availability and hence the cost of chick provisioning. Adults faced with this uncertainty can mechanistically balance parental care by adopting a strategy somewhere along the continuum between maintaining constant investment in foraging effort between years and letting chick provisioning fluctuate or holding chick provisioning constant and varying investment in foraging effort. Using ship-based hydroacoustic assessment of prey, time-depth recorders attached to penguins and land-based observations at the breeding colony, we examined how foraging and reproductive effort in breeding chinstrap penguins Pygoscelis antarctica responded to interannual variation in the abundance of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba in the vicinity of Seal Island, South Shetland Islands, 1990-1992. Regional measures of krill density varied by a factor of 2.5 (47.0, 23.8 and 61.2 g m À2 in 1990, 1991 and 1992, respectively) and was correlated with annual measures of breeding adult body weight and reproductive performance (breeding population size, duration of chick rearing, chick growth, breeding success and fledgling weight). In contrast, measures of penguin foraging effort (dive depth, dive duration, number of trips day À1 , trip duration, number of dives trip À1 and dive rate) did not differ between years. We conclude that chinstrap penguins reduce reproductive success rather than increase foraging effort in response to decreases in prey abundance in a manner consistent with predictions of life-history strategies for long-lived seabirds.","publication_date":"2006,5,12","publication_name":"Journal of Zoology","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"109073757"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Effects of variability in prey abundance on reproduction and foraging in chinstrap penguins ( \u003ci\u003ePygoscelis antarctica\u003c/i\u003e )","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [32512131]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":109073757,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Effects of variability in prey abundance on reproduction and foraging in chinstrap penguins ( <i>Pygoscelis antarctica</i> )”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/109073757/mini_magick20231216-1-8mjc21.png?1702746616" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Effects of variability in prey abundance on reproduction and foraging in chinstrap penguins ( <i>Pygoscelis antarctica</i> )</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32512131" href="https://ucsd.academia.edu/RogerHewitt"><img alt="Profile image of Roger Hewitt" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Roger Hewitt</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2006, Journal of Zoology</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">8 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 111574535; 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if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Life-history theory predicts that adults of long-lived species such as seabirds should optimally balance investment in current and future offspring. However, when trying to optimize investment in offspring provisioning, the most energetically costly component of seabird parental care, adults need to contend with large interannual fluctuations in prey availability and hence the cost of chick provisioning. Adults faced with this uncertainty can mechanistically balance parental care by adopting a strategy somewhere along the continuum between maintaining constant investment in foraging effort between years and letting chick provisioning fluctuate or holding chick provisioning constant and varying investment in foraging effort. Using ship-based hydroacoustic assessment of prey, time-depth recorders attached to penguins and land-based observations at the breeding colony, we examined how foraging and reproductive effort in breeding chinstrap penguins Pygoscelis antarctica responded to interannual variation in the abundance of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba in the vicinity of Seal Island, South Shetland Islands, 1990-1992. Regional measures of krill density varied by a factor of 2.5 (47.0, 23.8 and 61.2 g m À2 in 1990, 1991 and 1992, respectively) and was correlated with annual measures of breeding adult body weight and reproductive performance (breeding population size, duration of chick rearing, chick growth, breeding success and fledgling weight). In contrast, measures of penguin foraging effort (dive depth, dive duration, number of trips day À1 , trip duration, number of dives trip À1 and dive rate) did not differ between years. We conclude that chinstrap penguins reduce reproductive success rather than increase foraging effort in response to decreases in prey abundance in a manner consistent with predictions of life-history strategies for long-lived seabirds.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":109073757,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/111574535/Effects_of_variability_in_prey_abundance_on_reproduction_and_foraging_in_chinstrap_penguins_i_Pygoscelis_antarctica_i_"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":109073757,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/111574535/Effects_of_variability_in_prey_abundance_on_reproduction_and_foraging_in_chinstrap_penguins_i_Pygoscelis_antarctica_i_"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="109073757" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/111574535/Effects_of_variability_in_prey_abundance_on_reproduction_and_foraging_in_chinstrap_penguins_i_Pygoscelis_antarctica_i_" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="28796505" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28796505/Effects_of_variability_in_prey_abundance_on_reproduction_and_foraging_in_chinstrap_penguins_Pygoscelis_antarctica_">Effects of variability in prey abundance on reproduction and foraging in chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="38107" href="https://ucsc.academia.edu/BernieTershy">Bernie Tershy</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Zoology, 2006</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Life-history theory predicts that adults of long-lived species such as seabirds should optimally balance investment in current and future offspring. However, when trying to optimize investment in offspring provisioning, the most energetically costly component of seabird parental care, adults need to contend with large interannual fluctuations in prey availability and hence the cost of chick provisioning. Adults faced with this uncertainty can mechanistically balance parental care by adopting a strategy somewhere along the continuum between maintaining constant investment in foraging effort between years and letting chick provisioning fluctuate or holding chick provisioning constant and varying investment in foraging effort. Using ship-based hydroacoustic assessment of prey, time-depth recorders attached to penguins and land-based observations at the breeding colony, we examined how foraging and reproductive effort in breeding chinstrap penguins Pygoscelis antarctica responded to interannual variation in the abundance of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba in the vicinity of Seal Island, South Shetland Islands, 1990-1992. Regional measures of krill density varied by a factor of 2. 5 (47.0, 23.8 and 61.2 g m À2 in 1990, 1991 and 1992, respectively) and was correlated with annual measures of breeding adult body weight and reproductive performance (breeding population size, duration of chick rearing, chick growth, breeding success and fledgling weight). In contrast, measures of penguin foraging effort (dive depth, dive duration, number of trips day À1 , trip duration, number of dives trip À1 and dive rate) did not differ between years. We conclude that chinstrap penguins reduce reproductive success rather than increase foraging effort in response to decreases in prey abundance in a manner consistent with predictions of life-history strategies for long-lived seabirds.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Effects of variability in prey abundance on reproduction and foraging in chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica)","attachmentId":49213437,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/28796505/Effects_of_variability_in_prey_abundance_on_reproduction_and_foraging_in_chinstrap_penguins_Pygoscelis_antarctica_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/28796505/Effects_of_variability_in_prey_abundance_on_reproduction_and_foraging_in_chinstrap_penguins_Pygoscelis_antarctica_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="40083297" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40083297/Linking_extreme_interannual_changes_in_prey_availability_to_foraging_behaviour_and_breeding_investment_in_a_marine_predator_the_macaroni_penguin">Linking extreme interannual changes in prey availability to foraging behaviour and breeding investment in a marine predator, the macaroni penguin</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="122462053" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CatHorswill">Cat Horswill</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Plos One, 2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Understanding the mechanisms that link prey availability to predator behaviour and population change is central to projecting how a species may respond to future environmental pressures. We documented the behavioural responses and breeding investment of macaroni penguins Eudyptes chrysolophus across five breeding seasons where local prey density changed by five-fold; from very low to highly abundant. When prey availability was low, foraging trips were significantly longer and extended overnight. Birds also foraged farther from the colony, potentially in order to reach more distant foraging grounds and allow for increased search times. These extended foraging trips were also linked to a marked decrease in fledgling weights, most likely associated with reduced rates of provisioning. Furthermore , by comparing our results with previous work on this population, it appears that lowered first-year survival rates associated, at least partially, with fledging masses were also evident for this cohort. This study integrates a unique set of prey density, predator behaviour and predator breeding investment data to highlight a possible behavioural mechanism linking perturbations in prey availability to population demography.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Linking extreme interannual changes in prey availability to foraging behaviour and breeding investment in a marine predator, the macaroni penguin","attachmentId":60289729,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/40083297/Linking_extreme_interannual_changes_in_prey_availability_to_foraging_behaviour_and_breeding_investment_in_a_marine_predator_the_macaroni_penguin","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/40083297/Linking_extreme_interannual_changes_in_prey_availability_to_foraging_behaviour_and_breeding_investment_in_a_marine_predator_the_macaroni_penguin"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="54642570" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/54642570/Foraging_strategies_of_Ad%C3%A9lie_penguins_adjusting_body_condition_to_cope_with_environmental_variability">Foraging strategies of Adélie penguins: adjusting body condition to cope with environmental variability</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33545093" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NadavNur">Nadav Nur</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Marine Ecology Progress Series, 2010</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Animals modulate breeding effort by balancing investment in self-maintenance against investment in their young, potentially impacting reproductive success when faced with difficult conditions. This life history trade-off model has been evaluated for flying birds, especially those that forage over large pelagic regions of relatively sparse prey availability. We evaluated its applicability to penguins which, lacking flight, depend on reliably available prey relatively close to colonies. We used transponders and an automated weighing system to monitor 40 to 75 breeding Adélie penguins Pygoscelis adeliae per season for 10 seasons, while environmental conditions varied dramatically, measuring foraging trip duration, parental mass change, and total food load delivered to chicks. Parents that lost the most mass during breeding provided more food to chicks while maintaining their own condition. In contrast, in years when adult mass was lower to begin with, parents recovered their own condition and delivered less food to chicks. Food loads were also related to environmental variables, with parents making longer trips and delivering less food when access to prey was more difficult, but delivering more food to 2-chick broods than to 1-chick broods. Penguins did not alternate between short (chick provisioning) and long (self-maintenance) trips, as has been observed in farranging seabirds. Nevertheless, our results indicate they regulated their condition depending on environmental and physiological factors, with impacts on the amount of food delivered to young and pre-fledging mass. Parental choice of multiple foraging habitats and depletion of prey in the nearest habitat due to intraspecific competition have important implications in explaining contrasting patterns observed among studies investigating the life history trade-off model in birds.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Foraging strategies of Adélie penguins: adjusting body condition to cope with environmental variability","attachmentId":70909212,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/54642570/Foraging_strategies_of_Ad%C3%A9lie_penguins_adjusting_body_condition_to_cope_with_environmental_variability","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/54642570/Foraging_strategies_of_Ad%C3%A9lie_penguins_adjusting_body_condition_to_cope_with_environmental_variability"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="18952432" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18952432/Plasticity_in_foraging_strategies_of_inshore_birds_how_Little_Penguins_maintain_body_reserves_while_feeding_offspring">Plasticity in foraging strategies of inshore birds: how Little Penguins maintain body reserves while feeding offspring</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39085207" href="https://penguins.academia.edu/AndreChiaradia">Andre Chiaradia</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Ecology, 2011</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Breeding animals face important time and energy constraints when caring for themselves and their offspring. For long-lived species, life-history theory predicts that parents should favor survival over current reproductive attempts, thus investing more into their own maintenance than the provisioning of their young. In seabirds, provisioning strategies may additionally be influenced by the distance between breeding sites and foraging areas, and offshore and inshore species should thus exhibit different strategies. Here, we examine the provisioning strategies of an inshore seabird using a long-term data set on more than 200 Little Penguins, Eudyptula minor. They alternated between two consecutive long and several short foraging trips all along chick rearing, a strategy almost never observed for inshore animals. Short trips allowed for regular provisioning of the chicks (high feeding frequency and larger meals), whereas long trips were performed when parent body mass was low and enabled them to rebuild their reserves, suggesting that adult body condition may be a key factor in initiating long trips. Inshore seabirds do use dual strategies of alternating short and long trips, but from our data, on a simpler and less flexible way than for offshore birds.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Plasticity in foraging strategies of inshore birds: how Little Penguins maintain body reserves while feeding offspring","attachmentId":40348210,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/18952432/Plasticity_in_foraging_strategies_of_inshore_birds_how_Little_Penguins_maintain_body_reserves_while_feeding_offspring","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/18952432/Plasticity_in_foraging_strategies_of_inshore_birds_how_Little_Penguins_maintain_body_reserves_while_feeding_offspring"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="18922964" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18922964/Seabird_reproduction_in_an_unpredictable_environment_how_King_penguins_provide_their_young_chicks_with_food">Seabird reproduction in an unpredictable environment: how King penguins provide their young chicks with food</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39051122" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MichelGauthierclerc">Michel Gauthier-clerc</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Marine Ecology Progress Series, 2002</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Pelagic seabirds depend on resources far out at sea and for which the availability can vary greatly. King penguins rely essentially on myctophid fish, which in summer are mostly available 400 to 500 km south of the Crozet Archipelago at the Antarctic Polar Front. Incubating male King penguins anticipate a possible delay in the return of the female by storing food in their stomach for several weeks, which enables them to feed the chick quickly if hatching occurs. We investigated the foraging trip duration, adult body mass regulation and the meal size for chicks relative to the laying date and the Polar Front position. We compared, in both early and late breeders, the energy content and the chemical and diet composition of the meals stored in their stomachs. During food storage by the male, the cessation of digestive processes was not complete as the meal showed some modifications of the biochemical composition, especially a decrease in lipid content; this is in contrast to oil storage in albatrosses and petrels, in which there is an increase in lipid content. On average, females came back from their second foraging trip at sea a short time before hatching. However, the trip durations were particularly variable depending on date and year, and as a consequence hatching occurred with either the female or the male incubating the egg. Late breeders showed longer foraging trip duration and built up larger fuel reserves than early breeders. Their energetic output per day foraging at sea was much lower than for early breeders. These differences in foraging trip durations of males were linked to a change in marine resource availability because, in spite of being at the same stage of the breeding cycle, male late breeders caught different prey compared to male early breeders. We assume that this strategy of long-term food storage and conservation in the stomach while fasting evolved in response to the unpredictable variations of water mass positions.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Seabird reproduction in an unpredictable environment: how King penguins provide their young chicks with food","attachmentId":40331082,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/18922964/Seabird_reproduction_in_an_unpredictable_environment_how_King_penguins_provide_their_young_chicks_with_food","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/18922964/Seabird_reproduction_in_an_unpredictable_environment_how_King_penguins_provide_their_young_chicks_with_food"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="13271428" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13271428/Parental_foraging_effort_and_offspring_growth_in_Adelie_Penguins_does_working_hard_improve_reproductive_success">Parental foraging effort and offspring growth in Adelie Penguins: does working hard improve reproductive success?</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32525947" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AkikoKato1">Akiko Kato</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Functional Ecology, 2003</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Studying variability of parental foraging and provisioning behaviour in relation to reproductive success is fundamental to improving understanding of regulation of reproductive effort in animals. The hypothesis that parents with higher foraging effort have higher offspring growth rates was tested in chick-provisioning Adélie Penguins in Antarctica over five consecutive years. 2. Time spent diving per day, an index of foraging effort, varied among male and female parents, and among pairs. These daily interindividual or interpair differences in time spent diving appeared to be consistent over the 2-week study period within each breeding season. 3. Frequency of meals delivered by parents was positively correlated with their brood growth rate. Meal frequency was, however, independent of the amount of time spent diving per day by parents and the time spent diving did not affect brood growth rates. 4. Rates of body mass loss of breeding pairs were positively correlated with brood growth rates.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Parental foraging effort and offspring growth in Adelie Penguins: does working hard improve reproductive success?","attachmentId":45526466,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13271428/Parental_foraging_effort_and_offspring_growth_in_Adelie_Penguins_does_working_hard_improve_reproductive_success","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13271428/Parental_foraging_effort_and_offspring_growth_in_Adelie_Penguins_does_working_hard_improve_reproductive_success"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="87152839" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/87152839/Foraging_conditions_for_breeding_penguins_improve_with_distance_from_colony_and_progression_of_the_breeding_season_at_the_South_Orkney_Islands">Foraging conditions for breeding penguins improve with distance from colony and progression of the breeding season at the South Orkney Islands</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7364283" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PhilTrathan">Phil Trathan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Movement Ecology</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Background According to central place foraging theory, animals will only increase the distance of their foraging trips if more distant prey patches offer better foraging opportunities. Thus, theory predicts that breeding seabirds in large colonies could create a zone of food depletion around the colony, known as “Ashmole’s halo”. However, seabirds’ decisions to forage at a particular distance are likely also complicated by their breeding stage. After chicks hatch, parents must return frequently to feed their offspring, so may be less likely to visit distant foraging patches, even if their quality is higher. However, the interaction between prey availability, intra-specific competition, and breeding stage on the foraging decisions of seabirds is not well understood. The aim of this study was to address this question in chinstrap penguins Pygoscelis antarcticus breeding at a large colony. In particular, we aimed to investigate how breeding stage affects foraging strategy; whether bird...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Foraging conditions for breeding penguins improve with distance from colony and progression of the breeding season at the South Orkney Islands","attachmentId":91444682,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/87152839/Foraging_conditions_for_breeding_penguins_improve_with_distance_from_colony_and_progression_of_the_breeding_season_at_the_South_Orkney_Islands","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/87152839/Foraging_conditions_for_breeding_penguins_improve_with_distance_from_colony_and_progression_of_the_breeding_season_at_the_South_Orkney_Islands"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="13731258" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13731258/Foraging_areas_of_little_penguins_during_chick_rearing_evidence_of_changing_food_availability">Foraging areas of little penguins during chick rearing: evidence of changing food availability</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32856680" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DannP">Peter Dann</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39085207" href="https://penguins.academia.edu/AndreChiaradia">Andre Chiaradia</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Foraging areas of little penguins during chick rearing: evidence of changing food availability","attachmentId":45011815,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13731258/Foraging_areas_of_little_penguins_during_chick_rearing_evidence_of_changing_food_availability","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13731258/Foraging_areas_of_little_penguins_during_chick_rearing_evidence_of_changing_food_availability"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="18952445" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18952445/Plasticity_in_parental_provisioning_and_chick_growth_in_Little_Penguins_Eudyptula_minor_in_years_of_high_and_low_breeding_success">Plasticity in parental provisioning and chick growth in Little Penguins Eudyptula minor in years of high and low breeding success</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39085207" href="https://penguins.academia.edu/AndreChiaradia">Andre Chiaradia</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2006</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Plasticity in parental provisioning and chick growth in Little Penguins Eudyptula minor in years of high and low breeding success","attachmentId":40348228,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/18952445/Plasticity_in_parental_provisioning_and_chick_growth_in_Little_Penguins_Eudyptula_minor_in_years_of_high_and_low_breeding_success","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/18952445/Plasticity_in_parental_provisioning_and_chick_growth_in_Little_Penguins_Eudyptula_minor_in_years_of_high_and_low_breeding_success"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="18922955" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18922955/Population_dynamics_in_a_long_lived_seabird_I_Impact_of_breeding_activity_on_survival_and_breeding_probability_in_unbanded_king_penguins">Population dynamics in a long-lived seabird: I. Impact of breeding activity on survival and breeding probability in unbanded king penguins</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39051122" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MichelGauthierclerc">Michel Gauthier-clerc</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Animal Ecology, 2007</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Understanding the trade-off between current reproductive effort, future survival and future breeding attempts is crucial for demographic analyses and life history studies.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Population dynamics in a long-lived seabird: I. Impact of breeding activity on survival and breeding probability in unbanded king penguins","attachmentId":42148442,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/18922955/Population_dynamics_in_a_long_lived_seabird_I_Impact_of_breeding_activity_on_survival_and_breeding_probability_in_unbanded_king_penguins","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/18922955/Population_dynamics_in_a_long_lived_seabird_I_Impact_of_breeding_activity_on_survival_and_breeding_probability_in_unbanded_king_penguins"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":109073757,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":109073757,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_109073757" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="114622827" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/114622827/Gone_fishing_Ad%C3%A9lie_penguin_site_specific_foraging_tactics_and_breeding_performance">Gone fishing: Adélie penguin site-specific foraging tactics and breeding performance</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="36501890" href="https://unisi.academia.edu/SilvanoFocardi">Silvano Focardi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Antarctic Science, 2020</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Gone fishing: Adélie penguin site-specific foraging tactics and breeding performance","attachmentId":111272368,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/114622827/Gone_fishing_Ad%C3%A9lie_penguin_site_specific_foraging_tactics_and_breeding_performance","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/114622827/Gone_fishing_Ad%C3%A9lie_penguin_site_specific_foraging_tactics_and_breeding_performance"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="13794770" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13794770/Survival_in_king_penguins_Aptenodytes_patagonicus_temporal_and_sex_specific_effects_of_environmental_variability">Survival in king penguins Aptenodytes patagonicus : temporal and sex-specific effects of environmental variability</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32897714" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HenkVanDerJeugd">Henk Van Der Jeugd</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Oecologia, 2002</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" 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translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="13271461" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13271461/Does_Foraging_Performance_Change_with_Age_in_Female_Little_Penguins_Eudyptula_minor_">Does Foraging Performance Change with Age in Female Little Penguins (Eudyptula minor)?</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39085207" href="https://penguins.academia.edu/AndreChiaradia">Andre Chiaradia</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32525947" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AkikoKato1">Akiko Kato</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">PLoS ONE, 2011</p><div 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translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="6125016" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6125016/Clarke_2001_Partitioning_of_foraging_effort_in_Adelie_penguins_provisioning_chicks_at_Bechervaise_Island_Polar_Biol">Clarke 2001. 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Handrich</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="35871830" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JRobin2">J. Robin</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Marine Ecology Progress Series, 1993</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Undisturbed breeding penguins as indicators of changes in marine resources","attachmentId":45520898,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13278228/Undisturbed_breeding_penguins_as_indicators_of_changes_in_marine_resources","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13278228/Undisturbed_breeding_penguins_as_indicators_of_changes_in_marine_resources"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View 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data-author-id="70846646" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SabrinaHarris3">Sabrina Harris</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Polar Biology, 2018</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Plasticity in the foraging behavior of male Southern Rockhopper Penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome) during incubation in the Falkland/Malvinas Islands","attachmentId":74436462,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/61392174/Plasticity_in_the_foraging_behavior_of_male_Southern_Rockhopper_Penguins_Eudyptes_chrysocome_during_incubation_in_the_Falkland_Malvinas_Islands","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link 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href="https://lu.academia.edu/AndersBrodin">Anders Brodin</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Condor, 1997</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Changes in King Penguin Breeding Cycle in Response to Food Availability","attachmentId":76633528,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/64734294/Changes_in_King_Penguin_Breeding_Cycle_in_Response_to_Food_Availability","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/64734294/Changes_in_King_Penguin_Breeding_Cycle_in_Response_to_Food_Availability"><span 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ds2-5-body-xs">Emu, 2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Diet composition, continuity in prey availability and marine habitat – keystones to population stability in the Snares Penguin ( Eudyptes robustus )","attachmentId":43038286,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/22415126/Diet_composition_continuity_in_prey_availability_and_marine_habitat_keystones_to_population_stability_in_the_Snares_Penguin_Eudyptes_robustus_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" 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class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 2000</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Prolonged foraging trips and egg desertion in little penguins (Eudyptula minor)","attachmentId":111167417,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/114479326/Prolonged_foraging_trips_and_egg_desertion_in_little_penguins_Eudyptula_minor_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/114479326/Prolonged_foraging_trips_and_egg_desertion_in_little_penguins_Eudyptula_minor_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span 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