New techniques use visible light to destroy PFAS

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even when they’re removed, it’s difficult to keep them from eventually winding up back in the environment . Annihilating PFAS is the only sure way to keep them out of drinking water and our bodies. In recent years, researchers and start-ups have devised several techniques to destroy these forever chemicals. Two independent research groups now report for the first time that visible light can break apart PFAS into benign by-products (Nature 2024, DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08179-1 and 10.1038/s41586-024-08327-7 ). Both teams have developed photocatalysts that, when excited by purple light, energetically lob electrons at PFAS to sever the stubborn carbon-fluorine bonds that make the substances resistant to heat and water. It’s still early, but the advances hint at a low-cost, large-scale route to destroy PFAS directly in water. “We use light as the energy source, and the sun could give</p> ", "dateModified": "2024-11-20 16:17:18.349+0000", "keywords": "persistent pollutants , photonics , catalysis , PFAS , forever chemicals , PFAS destruction , photocatalysis , photocatalyst ", "copyrightHolder": "Chemical & Engineering News", "publication": "Chemical & Engineering News", "copyrightYear": "", "alternativeHeadline": "", "headline": "A way to destroy PFAS with visible light ", "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "American Chemical Society", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://cen.acs.org/apps/cen-cloud/clientlibs/misc/cen/images/favicon.ico" } } } </script> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "Periodical", "issn": "0009-2347", "hasPart": { "@id": "cen-20241120lnp1", "@type": "PublicationVolume", "volumeNumber": "", "datePublished": 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Chemists want to change that</a> </li> <li class="popular-desc popular-list"> <a class="popular-link" href="/environment/pollution/nuclear-waste-pilesscientists-seek-best/98/i12?sc=231026_mostread_eng_cen">As nuclear waste piles up, scientists seek the best long-term storage solutions</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <section> <div class="aem-Grid aem-Grid--12 aem-Grid--default--12 "> <div class="bespokeText aem-GridColumn aem-GridColumn--default--12"> <div class="article-base-margin" id="a"> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x"> <div class="large-9 medium-12 small-12 cell"> <div class="text-left article-content"> <p> </p> </div> <div class="text-left article-content"> <p><span class="text-first-letter">Toxic per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) persist forever in the environment; even when they’re removed, it’s difficult to keep them from eventually <a href="https://cen.acs.org/environment/pollution/3-PFAS-disposal-technologies-promising/98/web/2020/12" shape="rect" title="3 PFAS disposal technologies are most promising, US EPA says">winding up back in the environment</a>. Annihilating PFAS is the only sure way to <a href="https://cen.acs.org/environment/persistent-pollutants/Getting-PFAS-drinking-water/102/i20" shape="rect" title="Getting PFAS out of drinking water">keep them out of drinking water</a> and our bodies. In recent years, researchers and start-ups <a href="https://cen.acs.org/environment/persistent-pollutants/Competition-destroy-forever-chemicals-heats/102/i7" shape="rect" title="Competition to destroy ‘forever chemicals’ heats up">have devised several techniques</a> to destroy these forever chemicals.</span></p> </div> <div class="long-form-text-par-2 container responsivegrid"> <div id="container-51282c84e8" class="cmp-container"> <div class="image"> <div class="image-component image-component-medium pull-right"> <img src="/content/dam/cen/static/images/dev/thumbnail-profiles/placeholder.jpg" data-src="https://s7d1.scene7.com/is/image/CENODS/20241120lnp1-pfoa-1?$responsive$&wid=300&qlt=90,0&resMode=sharp2" data-srcset="https://s7d1.scene7.com/is/image/CENODS/20241120lnp1-pfoa-1?$responsive$&wid=300&qlt=90,0&resMode=sharp2" alt="Polyfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)." class="dmm-resize-img-medium cq-dd-image lazy lazy-image" title="Polyfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)."/> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="text-left article-content"> <p>Two independent research groups now report for the first time that visible light can break apart PFAS into benign by-products (<i>Nature</i> 2024, DOI: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08179-1" shape="rect" title="Read the article here: DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08179-1">10.1038/s41586-024-08179-1</a> and <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08327-7" shape="rect" title="Read the article here: DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08327-7">10.1038/s41586-024-08327-7</a>). Both teams have developed photocatalysts that, when excited by purple light, energetically lob electrons at PFAS to sever the stubborn carbon-fluorine bonds that make the substances resistant to heat and water.</p> </div> <div class="text-left article-content"> <p>It’s still early, but the advances hint at a low-cost, large-scale route to destroy PFAS directly in water. “We use light as the energy source, and the sun could give this light,” says <a href="https://en.scms.ustc.edu.cn/2012/0929/c13455a89297/page.htm" shape="rect" title="KANG Yanbiao（康彦彪）">Yan-Biao Kang</a>, a chemist at the University of Science and Technology of China. “Our dream is to put our catalyst, immobilized on some material, in water, where it would slowly destroy PFAS.”</p> </div> <div class="text-left article-content"> <p>Four years ago, Kang, <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jian-Ping-Qu" shape="rect" title="Jian-Ping QU I Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing I NJUT I Department of Chemistry I Research profile">Jian-Ping Qu</a> of Nanjing Tech University, and colleagues made a carbazole-based catalyst that, under purple light, efficiently ruptured the carbon-fluorine bond in fluorobenzene. The researchers then set their sights on PFAS, but that catalyst wasn’t great at cleaving all the C–F bonds in the compounds.</p> </div> <div class="text-left article-content"> <p>The team has now designed a version of the catalyst with a twisted carbazole ring and more electrons to donate. The researchers tested the new photocatalyst on various PFAS, including polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), known as Teflon, as well as multiple long-chain PFAS with eight or more carbons, including perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and polyfluorooctanoic acid (shown).</p> </div> <div class="text-left article-content"> <p>They mix each PFAS separately in a solvent containing the photocatalyst and potassium formate as an electron donor to replenish the electrons that the photocatalyst sends off to cleave the carbon-fluorine bond. They then shine a purple light-emitting diode (LED) on the mixtures. The PTFE breaks down to give amorphous carbon and reusable potassium fluoride; more than 95% of the fluorine is converted into the fluoride salt. The long-chain PFAS are degraded and transformed into carbonate, formate, oxalate, and trifluoroacetate as the end products.</p> </div> <div class="long-form-text-par-7 container responsivegrid"> <div id="container-42f7a396de" class="cmp-container"> <div class="inArticleRevealAds"> <style> .inArticleRevealAd1 { clear:both; padding : 20px 0px 20px 0px; } </style> <script> $(".inArticleRevealAds").removeClass("section"); </script> <div class="inArticleRevealAd1" id="div-gpt-ad-2894946-1"> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-2894946-1'); }); </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="text-left article-content"> <p>Chemists <a href="https://miyakelab.colostate.edu/g-m-m/" shape="rect" title="Garret M. Miyake – Miyake Research Group">Garret M. Miyake</a> and <a href="https://patonlab.com/robert-paton/" shape="rect" title="Rob Paton – Paton Research Group">Robert S. Paton</a> at Colorado State University, <a href="https://www.colorado.edu/chemistry/niels-damrauer" shape="rect" title="Niels Damrauer I Chemistry I University of Colorado Boulder">Niels H. Damrauer</a> at the University of Colorado Boulder, and colleagues have followed a trajectory similar to that of the group in China. About 8 years ago, the Colorado team developed a benzoperylene-based photocatalyst; they have now tweaked and tamed its reactivity so it can shear carbon-fluorine bonds in PFAS when excited by purple light.</p> </div> <div class="text-left article-content"> <p>The researchers use tetrabutylammonium fluoride as the electron donor. Their reaction gives benign hydrocarbons and fluoride ions as the major by-products.</p> </div> <div class="text-left article-content"> <p>Neither catalyst system is close to practical right now. The reactions are sluggish in water, and both Kang and Miyake say the first step will be getting their respective catalyst to work efficiently on PFAS dissolved in water.</p> </div> <div class="text-left article-content"> <p>“From a practical perspective there are a lot of grand challenges,” Miyake says. But an efficient system that uses LEDs, and maybe sunlight, offers a tantalizing economical route to destroy PFAS, he says.</p> </div> <div class="text-left article-content"> <p><a href="https://profiles.ucr.edu/app/home/profile/jinyongl" shape="rect" title="UCR Profiles - Search & Browse">Jinyong Liu</a>, a chemical engineer at the University of California, Riverside, who wrote a commentary about the research for <i>Nature</i>, calls these advances “exciting.” Although the photocatalysts have complicated structures and might not be immediately ready for real-world application, he says, these two studies pave the way for safe, low-energy technologies to demolish PFAS compared with incineration.</p> </div> <div class="text-left article-content"> <p>Several low-temperature technologies—ultraviolet light combined with photocatalysts, plasma destruction, and electrochemical oxidation—are also being scaled up. “Each room-temperature process has limitations in terms of what kind of PFAS structure they can destroy effectively,” Liu says. “Currently, we expect to have an integrated system that combines the advantages of different technologies to achieve thorough destruction of PFAS.”</p> </div> <div class="long-form-text-par-13 container responsivegrid"> <div id="container-7029587a16" class="cmp-container"> <div class="copyright"> <div class="article-copyright"> <div class="copyright-desc"> <div>Chemical & Engineering News</div> <div>ISSN 0009-2347</div> <div>Copyright © 2024 American Chemical Society</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="relatedArticles"> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="article-recommended"> <h3 class="recommended-title">You might also like...</h3> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x recommended-main"> <div class="large-3 medium-6 small-6 cell spaced-manage"> <div class="recommended-multiple-item"> <div class="recommended-wrap-img-eyebrow"> <div class="recommended-menu recommended-menu-img"> <a class="recommended-img" 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New techniques use visible light to destroy PFAS