Designing learning and assessment in a digital age

<!DOCTYPE html>     <html class="no-js" lang="en-GB"> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("http://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("https://www.jisc.ac.uk:443/guides/designing-learning-and-assessment-in-a-digital-age","20230307051116","http://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1678165876"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <title>Designing learning and assessment in a digital age | Jisc</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/> <script type="text/javascript">var jiscp = {"joid":-1,"name":"","sector":"","region":""};</script> <link rel="next" href="/web/20230307051116/https://www.jisc.ac.uk/guides/designing-learning-and-assessment-in-a-digital-age/discover"/> <link rel="preconnect" href="//web.archive.org/web/20230307051116/https://cdn-eu.dynamicyield.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//web.archive.org/web/20230307051116/https://st-eu.dynamicyield.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//web.archive.org/web/20230307051116/https://rcom-eu.dynamicyield.com/"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//web.archive.org/web/20230307051116/https://cdn-eu.dynamicyield.com/"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//web.archive.org/web/20230307051116/https://st-eu.dynamicyield.com/"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//web.archive.org/web/20230307051116/https://rcom-eu.dynamicyield.com/"> <script> var cookiestring = new RegExp("jisc_eprivacy" + '[^;]+').exec(document.cookie); var value = unescape(!!cookiestring ? cookiestring.toString().replace(/^[^=]+/, '').replace('=', '') : ''); if(value === "active-consent") { var script1 = document.createElement('script'); var script2 = document.createElement('script'); script1.src = "//web.archive.org/web/20230307051116/https://cdn-eu.dynamicyield.com/api/9877327/api_dynamic.js"; script2.src = "//web.archive.org/web/20230307051116/https://cdn-eu.dynamicyield.com/api/9877327/api_static.js"; document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(script1); document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(script2); } </script><script> var cookiestring = new RegExp("jisc_eprivacy" + '[^;]+').exec(document.cookie); var value = unescape(!!cookiestring ? cookiestring.toString().replace(/^[^=]+/, '').replace('=', '') : ''); if(value === "active-consent") { (function(h,o,t,j,a,r){ h.hj=h.hj||function(){(h.hj.q=h.hj.q||[]).push(arguments)}; h._hjSettings={hjid:2326029,hjsv:6}; a=o.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]; r=o.createElement('script');r.async=1; r.src=t+h._hjSettings.hjid+j+h._hjSettings.hjsv; a.appendChild(r); })(window,document,'http://web.archive.org/web/20230307051116/https://static.hotjar.com/c/hotjar-','.js?sv='); } </script> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20230307051116im_/https://www.jisc.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/jisc_clean/favicon.ico"/> <meta name="description" content="Learning occurs as the result of interaction between learners and their environment. 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top-bar"> <div class="l-centre-offset row"> </div> </div> <section class="t-guides-and-cribsheets"> <div class="inner"><div id="target-space"></div></div>  <section class="t-guides-and-cribsheets "> <div class="inner l-pull-left featured"> <article class="content-longform article-full"> <div class="inner l-pull-left v-light top-bar"> <div class="l-centre-offset"> <a href="/web/20230307051116/https://www.jisc.ac.uk/guides" class="marker marker--page">Guide</a> <header class="content-longform__header"> <div class="l-main-panel"> <h1 class="page-title">Designing learning and assessment in a digital age</h1> <p class="field field-type-text-long article-full__strapline">Learning occurs as the result of interaction between learners and their environment. When the learning has a planned outcome, it becomes a purposeful activity that requires the artistry and skill of a learning designer.</p> </div> <div class="l-side-panel"> <div class="boxout"> <div class="linklist"> <p class="linklist__title">About this guide</p> <p class="linklist__subtitle">Authors</p> <ul> <li class="linklist__item"><p class="field field-type-text">Gill Ferrell</p></li><li class="linklist__item"><p class="field field-type-text">Ros Smith</p></li>  <li class="linklist__item"> <a href="/web/20230307051116/https://www.jisc.ac.uk/staff/sarah-knight"> Sarah Knight </a> <p> Head of learning and teaching transformation, higher education </p> </li>  <li class="linklist__item"> Published: <time property="dc:date" datatype="xsd:dateTime" content="2018-01-26T00:00:00+00:00" datetime="2018-01-26T00:00:00+00:00">26 January 2018</time> </li> <li class="linklist__item"> Updated: <time>26 January 2018</time> </li> </ul> </div>  </div>  <div class="linkbox"> <a class="linkbox__link" href="/web/20230307051116/https://www.jisc.ac.uk/full-guide/designing-learning-and-assessment-in-a-digital-age"> <div class="duo"> <div class="duo__side"> <span class="fal fa-file-alt linkbox__icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> </div> <div class="duo__body"> <p class="linkbox__link-copy">View full guide as a single page</p> </div> </div> </a> </div>  </div>  </header> </div> </div> <div class="l-centre-offset"> <section class="content-longform__main localnav__wrapper"> <div class="book-menu span-9"> <section class="l-gutter--right is-collapsible is-collapsible--blue user-created cx_collapsibles__container cx_collapsibles--is-expanded"> <h3 class="cx_collapsibles__trigger"> <span class="icon-menu"></span> <a href="#">Contents</a> </h3> <div class="cx_collapsibles__target" style="display:block"> <div class="book-root"><a href="/web/20230307051116/https://www.jisc.ac.uk/guides/designing-learning-and-assessment-in-a-digital-age" class="active">Designing learning and assessment in a digital age</a></div><ul><li><a href="/web/20230307051116/https://www.jisc.ac.uk/guides/designing-learning-and-assessment-in-a-digital-age/discover" class="first expanded">Discover</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20230307051116/https://www.jisc.ac.uk/guides/designing-learning-and-assessment-in-a-digital-age/learning-analytics" class="first leaf">Learning analytics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230307051116/https://www.jisc.ac.uk/guides/designing-learning-and-assessment-in-a-digital-age/student-voice" class="leaf">Student voice</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230307051116/https://www.jisc.ac.uk/guides/designing-learning-and-assessment-in-a-digital-age/digital-capability-and-employability" class="leaf">Digital capability and employability</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230307051116/https://www.jisc.ac.uk/guides/designing-learning-and-assessment-in-a-digital-age/quality" class="last leaf">Quality</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20230307051116/https://www.jisc.ac.uk/guides/designing-learning-and-assessment-in-a-digital-age/dream" class="expanded">Dream</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20230307051116/https://www.jisc.ac.uk/guides/designing-learning-and-assessment-in-a-digital-age/strategy" class="first leaf">Strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230307051116/https://www.jisc.ac.uk/guides/designing-learning-and-assessment-in-a-digital-age/principles" class="leaf">Principles</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230307051116/https://www.jisc.ac.uk/guides/designing-learning-and-assessment-in-a-digital-age/approaches-to-learning-design" class="leaf">Approaches to learning design</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230307051116/https://www.jisc.ac.uk/guides/designing-learning-and-assessment-in-a-digital-age/digital-by-design" class="leaf">Digital by design</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230307051116/https://www.jisc.ac.uk/guides/designing-learning-and-assessment-in-a-digital-age/visioning-success" class="last leaf">Visioning success</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20230307051116/https://www.jisc.ac.uk/guides/designing-learning-and-assessment-in-a-digital-age/design" class="expanded">Design</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20230307051116/https://www.jisc.ac.uk/guides/designing-learning-and-assessment-in-a-digital-age/courses" class="first leaf">Courses</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230307051116/https://www.jisc.ac.uk/guides/designing-learning-and-assessment-in-a-digital-age/modules" class="leaf">Modules</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230307051116/https://www.jisc.ac.uk/guides/designing-learning-and-assessment-in-a-digital-age/lessons" class="leaf">Lessons</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230307051116/https://www.jisc.ac.uk/guides/designing-learning-and-assessment-in-a-digital-age/apprenticeships" class="leaf">Apprenticeships</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230307051116/https://www.jisc.ac.uk/guides/designing-learning-and-assessment-in-a-digital-age/assessment" class="last leaf">Assessment</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20230307051116/https://www.jisc.ac.uk/guides/designing-learning-and-assessment-in-a-digital-age/deliver" class="last expanded">Deliver</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20230307051116/https://www.jisc.ac.uk/guides/designing-learning-and-assessment-in-a-digital-age/staff-development" class="first leaf">Staff development</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230307051116/https://www.jisc.ac.uk/guides/designing-learning-and-assessment-in-a-digital-age/engaging-learners" class="leaf">Engaging learners</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230307051116/https://www.jisc.ac.uk/guides/designing-learning-and-assessment-in-a-digital-age/infrastructure" class="leaf">Infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230307051116/https://www.jisc.ac.uk/guides/designing-learning-and-assessment-in-a-digital-age/learning-spaces" class="leaf">Learning spaces</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230307051116/https://www.jisc.ac.uk/guides/designing-learning-and-assessment-in-a-digital-age/communities" class="last leaf">Communities</a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div> </section> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col span-2"> </div> <div class="col span-12"> <div class="l-gutter--right"> <div class=" article-full__body"> <h2>Introduction</h2><h3> <figure class="media media-element media--right file-default"> <div class="media__inner"> <img style="font-size: 13.008px; font-weight: 400;" data-delta="2" typeof="foaf:Image" src="http://web.archive.org/web/20230307051116im_/https://www.jisc.ac.uk/sites/default/files/discover-dream-design-deliver.jpg" alt="" title=""/> <div class="media__attribution"> <div class="media__attribution__title"> <span class="ico ico-i">Creative Commons attribution information</span> </div> <div about="" class="media__attribution__info"> <div xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" xmlns:dct="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" class="last-child"> <div property="cc:title" class="cc__title">The discover, dream, design deliver model with improving student outcomes at the centre</div><div class="cc__author">©<span property="cc:attributionName">Jisc</span></div><div class="cc_license last-child"><a rel="license" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20230307051116/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0">CC BY-NC-ND</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </figure> </h3><p>In this guide, we focus on elements of learning and assessment design that research tells us are significant in both the higher and further education and skills sectors.</p><p>Drawing on interviews with staff in colleges and universities, and a decade of research into technology-enhanced curriculum design, we explore how digital tools can make a difference to the art of learning design.</p><p>Read on to find out more about learning design or jump straight into a section for content and examples under the four areas reflected in our latest model.</p><ul><li><strong><a href="/web/20230307051116/https://www.jisc.ac.uk/guides/designing-learning-and-assessment-in-a-digital-age/discover">Discover ></a></strong></li><li><strong><a href="/web/20230307051116/https://www.jisc.ac.uk/guides/designing-learning-and-assessment-in-a-digital-age/dream">Dream ></a></strong></li><li><strong><a href="/web/20230307051116/https://www.jisc.ac.uk/guides/designing-learning-and-assessment-in-a-digital-age/design">Design ></a></strong></li><li><strong><a href="/web/20230307051116/https://www.jisc.ac.uk/guides/designing-learning-and-assessment-in-a-digital-age/deliver">Deliver ></a></strong></li></ul><h2>What is learning design?</h2><p>Learning design is a considered, creative process that occurs within a wider eco-system of people, processes, systems and places, in which one element is dependent on the others.</p><p>As these elements change, and the technologies available to us increase, engaging with an iterative process of creating and redesigning programmes, modules and learning activities becomes ever more important.</p><p>The following diagram, updated from <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20230307051116/https://repository.jisc.ac.uk/6790/1/effectivepracticedigitalage.pdf">effective practice in a digital age (2007)</a>, illustrates the key factors likely to influence this process.</p><p> <figure class="media media-element media--fullwidth file-default"> <div class="media__inner"> <img data-delta="6" typeof="foaf:Image" src="http://web.archive.org/web/20230307051116im_/https://www.jisc.ac.uk/sites/default/files/learning-design-model3_0.jpg" alt="" title=""/> <div class="media__attribution"> <div class="media__attribution__title"> <span class="ico ico-i">Creative Commons attribution information</span> </div> <div about="" class="media__attribution__info"> <div xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" xmlns:dct="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" class="last-child"> <div property="cc:title" class="cc__title">A model of learning design</div><div class="cc__author">©<span property="cc:attributionName">Jisc and Helen Beetham</span></div><div class="cc_license last-child"><a rel="license" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20230307051116/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0">CC BY-NC-ND</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </figure> </p><section class="is-collapsible is-collapsible--blue user-created "><h3 class="cx_collapsibles__trigger">Text version of learning design model diagram</h3><div class="cx_collapsibles__target"><p>At the centre is <strong>activity</strong>: interaction of learner(s) with environment leading to planned outcomes supported by other people in specific roles.</p><p>There are four points, which feed and are fed by the <strong>activity</strong>. Each of these four points has a relationship with another. The four points are:</p><ul><li><strong>Learning environments: </strong>networks, devices, resources, applications, physical learning spaces and virtual environments</li><li><strong>Learners:</strong> preferences, needs, motivations, skills, knowledge, capabilities, modes of participating</li><li><strong>Intended learning outcomes:</strong> acquisition of new knowledge, skills and capabilities; evidence of these</li><li><strong>Other people:</strong> peers, tutors, facilitators, mentors, instructors, employers</li></ul><p>Linking <strong>learning environment</strong> and intended <strong>learning outcomes</strong> is impact of learning environment on learning outcomes.</p><p>Linking <strong>intended learning outcomes</strong> and <strong>other people</strong> is the the roles others play in facilitating learning outcomes.</p><p>Linking <strong>other people</strong> and <strong>learners</strong> is the interaction between learning and others involved in the activity.</p><p>Linking <strong>learning environment</strong> and <strong>learners</strong> is interaction between learners and aspects of the learning environment.</p></div></section><h2>What is appreciative inquiry?</h2><p>An appreciative inquiry approach means considering what you already do well and how you might be inspired further by the resources in this guide. In this guide, we use the lens of appreciative inquiry to help you apply what we have learnt in your own context.</p><p>As an example of appreciative enquiry in action, here is part of an interview script from Queen’s University Belfast designed to help staff explore new approaches to assessment and feedback:</p><blockquote><p>“Discovering what worked well in the past reminds us that we can bring about positive assessment and feedback experiences for ourselves and our students. Building on these capacities, envision how you can position yourself to embrace assessment and feedback in a more positive way in the future.</p><p>Identifying what works, imagine what YOU can do in your modules or the TEACHING TEAM can undertake to improve assessment and feedback for all.”<br/><strong>Queen’s University Belfast</strong></p></blockquote><p>The headings Discover, Dream, Design, Deliver<strong> </strong>used in our 2018 model of learning design are drawn from the appreciative inquiry approach to change.<strong> </strong></p><p>Find out more in the <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20230307051116/https://www.jisc.ac.uk/guides/change-management/appreciative-inquiry">appreciative inquiry chapter of our change management guide</a>.</p><h2>Key supporting work</h2><p>View our <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20230307051116/https://repository.jisc.ac.uk/6728/1/Learning_Design_Family_Tree_i2.pdf">learning design family tree (pdf)</a> for an at-a-glance view of the main outcomes from our past projects and their links to other key developments in learning and assessment design between 2006 and 2014.</p> </div> <nav id="book-navigation-30851" class="book-navigation" role="navigation"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20230307051116/https://www.jisc.ac.uk/guides/designing-learning-and-assessment-in-a-digital-age/discover" class="first collapsed">Discover</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230307051116/https://www.jisc.ac.uk/guides/designing-learning-and-assessment-in-a-digital-age/dream" class="collapsed">Dream</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230307051116/https://www.jisc.ac.uk/guides/designing-learning-and-assessment-in-a-digital-age/design" class="collapsed">Design</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230307051116/https://www.jisc.ac.uk/guides/designing-learning-and-assessment-in-a-digital-age/deliver" class="last collapsed">Deliver</a></li> </ul> <h2 class="element-invisible">Book Navigation</h2> <ul class="book-pager"> <li class="next"> <a 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