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id="cookie-warning"> <a href="#" class="close icon-close" title="OK"></a> <p>We use cookies to enhance your visit to our site and to bring you advertisements that might interest you. Read our <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118185458/http://www.independent.co.uk/service/privacy-policy-a6184181.html">Privacy</a> and <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118185458/http://www.independent.co.uk/service/cookie-policy-a6184186.html">Cookie</a> Policies to find out more.</p> </div> <div class="tabs"></div> <div class="region region-content"> <article class="full-article" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/NewsArticle"> <meta itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" content="http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/france-close-coal-plants-shut-down-2023-global-warming-climate-change-a7422966.html"> <div itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"> <meta itemprop="name" content="The Independent"> <link itemprop="sameAs" href="http://www.independent.co.uk"> <link itemprop="logo" href="https://static.independent.co.uk/static-assets/brand-logo.png"> </div> <header> <ol vocab="http://schema.org/" typeof="BreadcrumbList" class="breadcrumbs clearfix"><li property="itemListElement" typeof="ListItem"><a property="item" typeof="WebPage" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118185458/http://www.independent.co.uk/news"><span property="name">News</span></a></li><li property="itemListElement" typeof="ListItem"><a property="item" typeof="WebPage" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118185458/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world"><span property="name">World</span></a></li><li property="itemListElement" typeof="ListItem"><a property="item" typeof="WebPage" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118185458/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe"><span property="name">Europe</span></a></li></ol> <h1 itemprop="headline" class=" ">France to shut down all coal-fired power plants by 2023</h1> <div class="intro"> <p>Two years before the UK has pledged to stop burning fossil fuels</p> </div> <ul class="caption meta inline-pipes-list"> <li class="author" itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <span itemprop="name"><a href="/web/20161118185458/http://www.independent.co.uk/author/charlotte-england" title="Charlotte England" itemprop="sameAs">Charlotte England</a></span> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118185458/https://twitter.com/charlottengland">@charlottengland</a> </li> <li title="17 November 2016 19:02 London"><time data-microtimes="{"published":"1479409378000","display":0,"changed":"1479409377000"}" datetime="19:02, 17 November 2016" unixtime="1479409377000">Thursday 17 November 2016 19:02 BST</time></li> <li class="comments"> <a href="#commentsDiv" id="comment-count" class="icon-comment"></a> </li> </ul> <div id="gigya-share-btns-1"></div> <div class="fb-like"> <iframe 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srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118185458im_/http://www.independent.co.uk/s3/files/styles/article_medium/public/thumbnails/image/2016/11/17/14/coal-power-france-getty.jpg 1x" media="(min-width: 620px) and (max-width: 929px)"/> <source srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118185458im_/http://www.independent.co.uk/s3/files/styles/article_large/public/thumbnails/image/2016/11/17/14/coal-power-france-getty.jpg 1x" media="(min-width: 930px) and (max-width: 1239px)"/> <source srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118185458im_/https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2016/11/17/14/coal-power-france-getty.jpg 1x" media="(min-width: 1240px)"/>  <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118185458im_/http://www.independent.co.uk/s3/files/styles/article_small/public/thumbnails/image/2016/11/17/14/coal-power-france-getty.jpg" alt="coal-power-france-getty.jpg" title="coal-power-france-getty.jpg"/> </picture> <figcaption itemprop="description" class="caption"> An aerial photograph of the thermical power station, partially coal-fired, in Gardanne, southern France <span class="copyright">AFP/Getty Images</span> </figcaption> </figure> <div class="article-wrapper clearfix"> <div class="main-content-column"> <div class="text-wrapper" itemprop="articleBody"> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118185458/http://www.independent.co.uk/topic/France">France</a> will shut down all its <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118185458/http://www.independent.co.uk/topic/FossilFuel">coal-fired</a> power plants by 2023, president <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118185458/http://www.independent.co.uk/topic/Francois%20Hollande">Francois Hollande</a> has announced. </p> <p>Speaking at an annual <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118185458/http://www.independent.co.uk/topic/UnitedNations">UN</a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118185458/http://www.independent.co.uk/topic/climate-change">climate change</a> conference on Wednesday, Mr Hollande vowed to beat by two years the UK's commitment to stop using <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118185458/http://www.independent.co.uk/topic/FossilFuel">fossil fuels</a> to generate power by 2025.</p> <p>Mr Hollande, a keynote speaker at the event in Marrakech, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118185458/http://www.independent.co.uk/topic/Morocco">Morocco</a>, also praised his US counterpart <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118185458/http://www.independent.co.uk/topic/BarackObama">Barack Obama</a> for his work on climate change, and then appeared to snub president-elect <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118185458/http://www.independent.co.uk/topic/DonaldTrump">Donald Trump</a>.</p> <div class="relatedlinkslist inline-block-related-list inline-block-left"> <h2 class="box-title">Read more</h2> <div class="relatedlinkslist-content" style="min-height: 10px;"> <ul class="related"><li><a data-author="Rachael Revesz..." data-nid="7422926" data-publish_date="17-11-2016" href="/web/20161118185458/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/children-win-right-sue-us-government-president-obama-climate-change-fears-danger-personal-safety-a7422926.html">Children win right to sue US government over climate change fears</a></li> <li><a data-author="Ian Johnston Joe Watts Ashley ..." data-nid="7412361" data-publish_date="12-11-2016" href="/web/20161118185458/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-elections/climate-change-donald-trump-emergency-campaign-global-warming-is-real-a7412361.html">'Emergency' campaign to persuade Trump climate change is real</a></li> <li><a data-author="Ian Johnston..." data-nid="7403076" data-publish_date="07-11-2016" href="/web/20161118185458/http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/climate-change-poor-countries-world-hit-hardest-affected-india-ethiopia-kenya-moodys-a7403076.html">Map shows how climate change will hit world's poorest nations hardest</a></li> </ul></div> </div> <p>Mr Trump is reportedly seeking ways to <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118185458/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/donald-trump-climate-change-paris-agreement-morocco-quick-ways-of-withdrawing-a7414551.html">withdraw from the Paris agreement</a>, a global treaty to limit climate change.</p> <p>“The role played by Barack Obama was crucial in achieving the Paris agreement,” Mr Hollande said, before adding, in what has been perceived as a dig at Mr Trump, that becoming a signatory to the treaty is “irreversible”. </p> <p>“We need carbon neutrality by 2050,” the French President continued, promising that coal will no longer form part of France's energy mix in six to seven years’ time.</p> <p>France is already a world leader in low-carbon energy. The country has invested heavily in nuclear power over the past few decades and now derives more than 75 per cent of its electricity from nuclear fission. It produces so much nuclear energy, in fact, that it exports much of it to nearby nations, making around £2.5 billion each year.</p> <p>The mood in Marrakech has been described as defiant, with more world leaders backing the Paris agreement plan to cut greenhouse gas emissions, which came into force on 4 November, since Mr Trump's remarkable victory. </p> <p>Germany has said it is to cut its greenhouse gas emissions by up to 95 percent by 2050, the UK has pledged to wipe out coal power by 2025, and Chinese president Xi Jinping said China would continue its fight against global warming “whatever the circumstances", although it stressed the importance of cooperation with the US.</p> <p>Mr Trump has said in the past he believes global warming is a Chinese hoax to make US manufacturing less profitable, something the country's foreign minister Liu Zhenmin rebuked on Wednesday.</p> <p>“I hope the Republican administration will continue to support the process of tackling global warming. We have to expect they will take a right and smart decision,” Mr Zhenmin said.</p> <p>Also in Marrakech was current US secretary of state John Kerry, who said he would continue his efforts to implement the Paris agreement until Mr Obama leaves office on 20 January.</p> <p>“The evidence is mounting in ways that people in public life should not dare to avoid accepting as a mandate for action,” Mr Kerry said.</p> <div class="dnd-widget-wrapper context-sdl_editor_representation type-gallery"><div class="dnd-atom-rendered"><div class="image"><script> <![CDATA[// ><!]]> </script><div class="container grid-mod-gallery" data-scald-gallery="5043096">  <h2 class="gallery-title"><span class="media-prefix icon-gallery"></span>10 photographs to show to anyone who doesn't believe in climate change</h2> <div class="images">  <ul><li class="lazy " data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2016/11/17/14/emperors-at-ice-edge.jpg"> <a 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data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/storylist/public/thumbnails/image/2016/11/17/11/climate-change-1.jpg" style="background-image: url('/web/20161118185458im_/http://www.independent.co.uk/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');"> <a data-gallery-thumb="4" href="#"></a> </li> <li> <a class="show-all initial-open" href="#"> <span class="additional-photos icon-gallery">11</span> <span class="label">show all</span> </a> </li> </ul></div> </div> <div class="full-gallery"> <div class="scroller"> <a href="#" class="close icon-close" title="Close gallery"></a> <h2 class="gallery-title"><span class="media-prefix icon-gallery"></span>10 photographs to show to anyone who doesn't believe in climate change</h2> <div class="images"> <ul><li data-gallery-item="1" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2016/11/17/14/emperors-at-ice-edge.jpg" style="background-image: url('/web/20161118185458im_/http://www.independent.co.uk/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li> <li data-gallery-item="2" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2016/11/17/14/climate-survivor.jpg" style="background-image: url('/web/20161118185458im_/http://www.independent.co.uk/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li> <li data-gallery-item="3" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2016/11/17/14/glaciers-disappearing.jpg" style="background-image: url('/web/20161118185458im_/http://www.independent.co.uk/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li> <li data-gallery-item="4" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2016/11/17/11/climate-change-1.jpg" style="background-image: url('/web/20161118185458im_/http://www.independent.co.uk/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li> <li data-gallery-item="5" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2016/11/17/11/climate-change-2.jpg" style="background-image: url('/web/20161118185458im_/http://www.independent.co.uk/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li> <li data-gallery-item="6" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2016/11/17/11/climate-change-3.jpg" style="background-image: url('/web/20161118185458im_/http://www.independent.co.uk/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li> <li data-gallery-item="7" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2016/11/17/11/climate-change-4.jpg" style="background-image: url('/web/20161118185458im_/http://www.independent.co.uk/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li> <li data-gallery-item="8" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2016/11/17/11/climate-change-6.jpg" style="background-image: url('/web/20161118185458im_/http://www.independent.co.uk/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li> <li data-gallery-item="9" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2016/11/17/11/climate-change-7.jpg" style="background-image: url('/web/20161118185458im_/http://www.independent.co.uk/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li> <li data-gallery-item="10" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2016/11/17/11/climate-change-8.jpg" style="background-image: url('/web/20161118185458im_/http://www.independent.co.uk/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li> <li data-gallery-item="11" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2016/11/17/11/climate-change-11.jpg" style="background-image: url('/web/20161118185458im_/http://www.independent.co.uk/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li> </ul><span class="icon-arrow-left"></span> <span class="icon-arrow-right"></span> <a href="#" class="pager prev" title="Previous photo"></a> <a href="#" class="pager next" title="Next photo"></a> </div> <ul class="legends"><li data-gallery-legend="1"> <h2> <span class="counter">1/11</span>  </h2>  <p>A group of emperor penguins face a crack in the sea ice, near McMurdo Station, Antarctica</p>  <p class="credits">Kira Morris</p> </li> <li data-gallery-legend="2"> <h2> <span class="counter">2/11</span>  </h2>  <p>Amid a flood in Islampur, Jamalpur, Bangladesh, a woman on a raft searches for somewhere dry to take shelter. Bangladesh is one of the most vulnerable places in the world to sea level rise, which is expected to make tens of millions of people homeless by 2050.</p>  <p class="credits">Probal Rashid</p> </li> <li data-gallery-legend="3"> <h2> <span class="counter">3/11</span>  </h2>  <p>Hanna Petursdottir examines a cave inside the Svinafellsjokull glacier in Iceland, which she said had been growing rapidly. Since 2000, the size of glaciers on Iceland has reduced by 12 per cent.</p>  <p class="credits">Tom Schifanella</p> </li> <li data-gallery-legend="4"> <h2> <span class="counter">4/11</span>  </h2>  <p>Floods destroyed eight bridges and ruined crops such as wheat, maize and peas in the Karimabad valley in northern Pakistan, a mountainous region with many glaciers. In many parts of the world, glaciers have been in retreat, creating dangerously large lakes that can cause devastating flooding when the banks break. Climate change can also increase rainfall in some areas, while bringing drought to others.</p>  <p class="credits">Hira Ali </p> </li> <li data-gallery-legend="5"> <h2> <span class="counter">5/11</span>  </h2>  <p>Smoke – filled with the carbon that is driving climate change – drifts across a field in Colombia.</p>  <p class="credits">Sandra Rondon</p> </li> <li data-gallery-legend="6"> <h2> <span class="counter">6/11</span>  </h2>  <p>A river once flowed along the depression in the dry earth of this part of Bangladesh, but it has disappeared amid rising temperatures. </p>  <p class="credits">Abrar Hossain</p> </li> <li data-gallery-legend="7"> <h2> <span class="counter">7/11</span>  </h2>  <p>Sindh province in Pakistan has experienced a grim mix of two consequences of climate change. “Because of climate change either we have floods or not enough water to irrigate our crop and feed our animals,” says the photographer. “Picture clearly indicates that the extreme drought makes wide cracks in clay. Crops are very difficult to grow.”</p>  <p class="credits">Rizwan Dharejo </p> </li> <li data-gallery-legend="8"> <h2> <span class="counter">8/11</span>  </h2>  <p>A shepherd moves his herd as he looks for green pasture near the village of Sirohi in Rajasthan, southern India. The region has been badly affected by heatwaves and drought, making local people nervous about further predicted increases in temperature.</p>  <p class="credits">Riddhima Singh Bhati </p> </li> <li data-gallery-legend="9"> <h2> <span class="counter">9/11</span>  </h2>  <p>A factory in China is shrouded by a haze of air pollution. The World Health Organisation has warned such pollution, much of which is from the fossil fuels that cause climate change, is a “public health emergency”.</p>  <p class="credits">Leung Ka Wa </p> </li> <li data-gallery-legend="10"> <h2> <span class="counter">10/11</span>  </h2>  <p>Water levels in reservoirs, like this one in Gers, France, have been getting perilously low in areas across the world affected by drought, forcing authorities to introduce water restrictions.</p>  <p class="credits">Mahtuf Ikhsan</p> </li> <li data-gallery-legend="11"> <h2> <span class="counter">11/11</span>  </h2>  <p>Not a symptom or a cause of climate change, but a cloud lit by the sunset to create the impression of a giant fireball over Tunisia.</p>  <p class="credits">Majed Noumi </p> </li> </ul><div class="ad-mpu mpu5-container"> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div> <p>“Now the world’s scientific community has concluded that climate change is happening beyond any doubt. And the evidence is there for everybody to see.“</p> <p>Over 300 leading US businesses have signed a statement calling on president-elect to support the Paris agreement.</p> <p>Mr Kerry said the refusal to act on climate change was a “moral failure, and a betrayal of devastating consequences".</p> <meta itemprop="datePublished" content="2016-11-17T19:02:57+00:00"/> <ul class="inline-pipes-list"> <li> More about: </li> <li><a itemprop="keywords" href="/web/20161118185458/http://www.independent.co.uk/topic/coal-industry">coal industry</a></li> <li><a itemprop="keywords" href="/web/20161118185458/http://www.independent.co.uk/topic/coal">coal</a></li> <li><a itemprop="keywords" href="/web/20161118185458/http://www.independent.co.uk/topic/fossil-fuels">fossil fuels</a></li> <li><a itemprop="keywords" href="/web/20161118185458/http://www.independent.co.uk/topic/FossilFuel">Fossil Fuel</a></li> <li><a itemprop="keywords" 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