CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91367bf47e7bff8e',cH: 'at9wK4.RykjOO7oLSZWRamNmD8fGmZ3ZtgLee_aG4nM-1739802719-1.2.1.1-tSeVGFmS5_WhN4GfSzcXAn5zETAyB7qmBqiO5VN71UOizrPD71XJIHR5xEPJAFFl',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=S.%20Alhassan&page=2&__cf_chl_tk=8o8e.0nsWLN6cShDxuND4hb7pOxI3mf7V9RQgOoFajQ-1739802719-1.0.1.1-j66kW_znPPyS.FQgS_KQbEisP3Uco58HcTIpzey0meY",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739802719',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=S.%20Alhassan&page=2&__cf_chl_f_tk=8o8e.0nsWLN6cShDxuND4hb7pOxI3mf7V9RQgOoFajQ-1739802719-1.0.1.1-j66kW_znPPyS.FQgS_KQbEisP3Uco58HcTIpzey0meY",md: "NPpcKqKkQyKqvQLX2JBLjmr9R_vy48RnFDEDNbX1bzs-1739802719-1.2.1.1-zv11sX5z6Y1ItKl8cRMFOjRhLJSc8p9Fq_ueyg4GvNKALaLpomwrr0sDA0EECTfZ50DbrTv7y4oXp15rWYvqaJvvNOnpVujMnpDlyLHy2ULIWct4lHqKm36Olghn4YpRn8HQHiB.jF0achJZmYro3_PFZTMTBQItmtR3wNYqoEJ3JQQaDJJ7aBL4j.H3TK_lL79fa10YEodEJxYx4lxvhuhCH5ZsKOqdGMss.RYOX61o4vHUJCKaEZQjDrZpXRwtxp2FOvf42QOW8kW9nYEktYJQ8MahJ.d9Pe8yE2lkq1EDPXn2yZzF_9wR9TQj85NelOtqRSPpd5nj012RltIYCD5v2KJC2YauWfqyuRAxVqEPlTkMSUUfOenriNQp6vDNcinmh5jXn3.87bYw0ic1dRBB2f0MOA9IHu_aWOy5oyR_BLM10BFc635GUoL1btMrTEsr9HlmeUMinYfBmEPXO.cEiykc4TmnkQnGKnmTp9PGZh4QBOV78oLAEiIYUFWaIrnBcSgjbRQfrvWKaKwnhpcJ_KFxwkYQUJ4mav6gqT2n_EG_Jpe8hu7mOOAF2swroa5B5FolFyH0v7D0xys46NejMPffXrAJLffHuoyRxE7UCihBsXAH788WDN06_qCixrUVWDi8QQzTlTjzObfFG95vChuTqC.EoqROCnPraDp6hzp51u1SPu1xTOV_Nxj7_UkxsoMHb.OGOQRBMIhsX0SSt1UhsFy4YfJuPTnFB50d1TRKtirj60sT1DZT6Gt_WvQymaK1_B1R86gstV7lIXKO2st8rwGrHQaMdcj3aTokUTQSv.oOqVVu6slBxIFdPcmN8PChE9jmWeKV1CaofXOkSsJRETUDPunoIl4_7VxUUHWeKJYrGJ4BDmzrzvqqEOuM4lY2wbD4EL5801iSpAP7ma4rRI0C_1eVLCVNQ9cy818b6nYvJfAEw49XiYGpFJsELsWJ2C4C9sXZhXCrfTQH44sbUfWFkSkZptpd25yURLhPQj2fOoLjJ093_F_UPxZS2ar37qt5Am6tQ7njGlKsT2oFX9bGf94qPTTlBdutIGqfCjr.CnnHmzBQC8oTbGHEL.ooPJf9CGq5J62BVlIyVdx35_Aq1OwsVvMaLoWBoN3Re42NbTYQOFJc9NMJQZjNjRJC.PZE6essN9i2AyGt8iMBbERInInv2WbcmvjIdNF5gdBZmtj1DPH9e7W20LCBuzU8I2VKxz5eyURQKDrY1qzsOtc3KYwxS.zLXlswNSoaYINHaP2kCNbY9hJTXQhaSBxjrkkq4r1Fm.4kTLxu08mMFHvsXBj15BuiFHvOVqJC.i4xFSTPDurTIvTzqj8HxQwhasDpufut5TuDQTff8xrBERNC_CONBgzrU1jkf15m3MhSGt066Q0GbkubWu4bH6b.lb3ohYIO0AM8MmTpyOihuP9z5xBGnv5H2VcAR_Sjn9Fxxs4YQ.mlKD6XkEin4F9cn68aDeqW1cHgGBtWlF9q6yukdrfLwREjcs3IYCkPnY9prUF6OquAXdB9xFFStrIdVF2ieQpqkyEXX1l9uAs2tGFvE4Odv9_mz88IA61qs.DVuDcVoq_HsS5pZzQzdevfhqPbUy8zmd_pb8lqGVyNsAlKKGAY0sJCZ19owafg2hp_ztb8xQC1jsYu72kSj4cAIZ_ml4npAsaXuKhIlsmNq.QrQ.zUyWiiLWLEN36Hn82IjBBSIr4N99uaBl_BuTa2zywKeZWH7AsalbKSc3LOy3Joqu4SlH.PkaM5tGQ188UbDyhUX0mrpr_igOj.q3xfYkbBIBc1yc_UIvXO_c7ZgcF6yKZMxBc8UXRmErT0BUpy_9drMryxtHX50Q1QN68QLSXrTgPQdQvvxt0NyWRxy48ulLZx6_skbNY8ix.O_En858tTosu0MWelDFa4eVR9OWG3IjqsfF7fGVaXkENWRLPB8xJNrk.Kc90",mdrd: "EyLO3VGH_22N9lLEc5AVbrhmb9IG7jhLC_rKSu2PkGI-1739802719-1.2.1.1-bh0FSmvxpvJjQ3YFTYJ7dTrIXc1ZqjdnVlRe4_a7dTIi.vpxg2ItXWfcdmxUkD9JUk3ztIPiyPToVUBxG_0mFVOBSplb2IAg0i.CYSJNiDAHf14xxtJWUpA05fDl6.K48TnYtN2g5ubfWMKDIuqQtyvW4Y8f6reqZ5mUYH8BB4Rqa4f9aEC1HRGS0k.uv4ngWdk.uhPhuX7HSfyEI4hOdTgKUCZyJNjRNd1tUBdRQRqdc3TtG4looUhOmeMXl4JG88ti2qx2bZzZTHWuxnAKScs59x14T7G5xWJvOGZ2BQO0eftwV9OYfpPP00ehccVLOs8rvWDeAJp9qRAwEyNcsTEoaJNIX0Am9Ce56kUW0r7lgLVzhlXKFZb3wkejcJu6xlC7xXlK7EjALntSnujvSrqovjiGJM2ITCNcgr.m3qwVoR_eMgQp7QElv9VlJW0sh8qW0qpUUS23JLmga8.CAyXPLu_GmSeh_ONoRAv.a68zrc5.2PAHrXApVuTetqKKw3Kcr8rB0vJEQvUDQqlwkwZrNjK27bpAGk6Xbr4qvE9.V7gH9Pyf4fZY6swiznWZ.fTNWgZsD5l_bONe10Oxq3.1UybnMxiBWDDPzPcjfPa4SJVX0kK8IpcUsTd7J9V4OEmjWj8mQwjobCxhZRzMEjR7KTrNbgd3k9Xiye7upNXNKp9wNfI2mZoVtU1ZPwZAe6YITwCOLNqSp6VjsGABsW1Le7pPdHZKV3QjmcYC4usRjsMyP4VZiGy21Al7v_OW0wpzYWf7yCUw3zT8FpYHeJzeHpIWNDp6DnxDPOpVXrrts9iKkGVAkDDVZ3eK1qH8s8XmvSMWogozvoJwsHq_GHS3YQn8w1DfuwC9abrlppYfN7v13c_ak1gvYUyTu0hye7Ag.5FK095fEtLUmP3Smj0DVI6eJetqAAoP9Nqp_9_rW4y2nK1f_aiQAg8U4TTbQx.hWbaviA7wYSAzAYnuKLtsfbsuVNveW_WoH0MvkrZ8pqPFJKHRb8kgtoyhY1qwwTjIv.zSMkyFOQ541.TWXo7TH7qjWlQROacgAGuiBQ.ShoL4Q.elj9HsFj4b4aVrvqv890DA_eDMyKQE8t2DDlRlJDmmHCQzoEZgwkmXKUHAeCnTyg9MMt2NioTqhBPP9_5JJ8u6LBrnGIQzEQxeUcVCH9Sl3UmnRyXXfpLFW.mFC2jTgF1TXwvcv89fn7eh8TrgiItnjFMI8HzaBqaFti7ANfm0JwLwRg5Lkjf65XDMdXhlpYEQTm_ySByaiM._fQdwayoJa1Y9hvOt6VSaUAyqH_rP7YcyM4T67OEjCjBaCWLrS6qrM7htRnn4I2p_w0fxYvq3Crz3K0HDYZeUJzCB_QVFc8Q5dShwHr37tJ4CxMhd1dez3bJjMOBHehNnc4j97a4KUkYEH9jgvetq08XR7puVucrkHWuzYX3epVJGBvVdo87t0pQNqhTb2gAZ5eXtmMP3uU0aZi6n2EpDB.BY5SGnToCK.tuz46y5RlTvscLEBkVElDkM2BSVxgBurVDSfJkv5GnpKDyI9Y8n_ztr7jekc8Ja89__HVIo.UCm5dMe2ZPe9NmjqmcUZfM8wsq8GcYEqKR2H1t3TCdtmgXkILI3KvYu16XZrmGLJouvfgugiLo6hrqghGFBqp4EYUYUWeltYY92DhifL9DfiolWqBQgoY.Qn_AVBQkvB46HVMVRSQVa65YkdlEHX8EnjJCkKYXZc0svD5.5bJj1bdVFFHvKJ.TYmf6CIB17H3a79trFF8M3ORQvveV2wDo0W0r8GvJwWm3OfLl5kjjrHqYn5DQTnof7KPm8WMbgJ.b8xqYP8eFDunuGEJuNJXA1bzMtIQvTEd3nB4Z_gdd0ikI6hzMmuipxpQr3fypWc5poVYkR656OEiH4GaZiJ2KegiF4V8ZyzLIak.comnl2XeUfm_F7sq37G64lfnwdoujuE0ZuQ03WBVb58XGGuMFR3Osat9Os1iESwvwnHuL2aA"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91367bf47e7bff8e';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=S.%20Alhassan&page=2&__cf_chl_rt_tk=8o8e.0nsWLN6cShDxuND4hb7pOxI3mf7V9RQgOoFajQ-1739802719-1.0.1.1-j66kW_znPPyS.FQgS_KQbEisP3Uco58HcTIpzey0meY" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>