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Messier 56 | Messier Objects

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content="Messier 56 (M56) is a globular star cluster located in the small northern constellation Lyra. M56 has an apparent magnitude of 8.3 and lies at a distance of 32,900 light years from Earth. The cluster has the designation NGC 6779 in the New General Catalogue. Messier 56 is relatively easy to find because it lies&hellip;&nbsp;Read More &raquo;Messier 56" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-56/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Messier Objects" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2015-06-11T13:10:27+00:00" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2020-11-13T21:40:58+00:00" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Messier-56.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1001" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1024" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg" /> <meta name="author" content="admin" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:label1" content="Written by" /> <meta name="twitter:data1" content="admin" /> <meta name="twitter:label2" content="Est. reading time" /> <meta name="twitter:data2" content="5 minutes" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-56/","url":"https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-56/","name":"Messier 56 - Messier Objects","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.messier-objects.com/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-56/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-56/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Messier-56.jpg","datePublished":"2015-06-11T13:10:27+00:00","dateModified":"2020-11-13T21:40:58+00:00","author":{"@id":"https://www.messier-objects.com/#/schema/person/ea71cf4125dc061822c77d3ec6ed782e"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-56/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-56/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-56/#primaryimage","url":"https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Messier-56.jpg","contentUrl":"https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Messier-56.jpg","width":1001,"height":1024,"caption":"The NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope has produced this beautiful image of the globular cluster Messier 56 (also known as M 56 or NGC 6779), which is located about 33 000 light years away from the Earth in the constellation of Lyra (The Lyre). The cluster is composed of a large number of stars, tightly bound to each other by gravity. However, this was not known when Charles Messier first observed it in January 1779. He described Messier 56 as “a nebula without stars”, like most globular clusters that he discovered — his telescope was not powerful enough to individually resolve any of the stars visible here, making it look like a fuzzy ball through his telescope’s eyepiece. We clearly see from Hubble’s image how the development of technology over the years has helped our understanding of astronomical objects. Astronomers typically infer important properties of globular clusters by looking at the light of their constituent stars. But they have to be very careful when they observe objects like Messier 56, which is located close to the Galactic plane. This region is crowded by “field-stars”, in other words, stars in the Milky Way that happen to lie in the same direction but do not belong to the cluster. These objects can contaminate the light, and hence undermine the conclusions reached by astronomers. This image consists of visible and near-infrared exposures from Hubble’s Advanced Camera for Surveys. The field of view is approximately 3.3 by 3.3 arcminutes. Image: NASA & ESA. Acknowledgement: Gilles Chapdelaine"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-56/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://www.messier-objects.com/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Messier 56"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://www.messier-objects.com/#website","url":"https://www.messier-objects.com/","name":"Messier Objects","description":"Messier Objects: Guide to the Bright Galaxies, Nebulae and Clusters Listed in the Messier Catalogue","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://www.messier-objects.com/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://www.messier-objects.com/#/schema/person/ea71cf4125dc061822c77d3ec6ed782e","name":"admin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.messier-objects.com/#/schema/person/image/","url":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9a963e324f46ffb698ab0af5c6995a14?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9a963e324f46ffb698ab0af5c6995a14?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"admin"},"url":"https://www.messier-objects.com/author/admin/"}]}</script> <title>Messier 56 | Messier Objects</title> <meta name="description" content="Messier 56 (M56, NGC 6779) is a globular star cluster located in the constellation Lyra." /> <meta name="robots" content="index,follow" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-56/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Messier Objects &raquo; Feed" href="https://www.messier-objects.com/feed/" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="_4XwITNwqtHOr1ggYxvUoLaYvbZD3pDjzE4wCSeKOl8" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-Y8G6EJ0ZVN"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'UA-58728437-1'); gtag('config', 'G-Y8G6EJ0ZVN'); </script> <link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <style media="all">img:is([sizes="auto" i],[sizes^="auto," i]){contain-intrinsic-size:3000px 1500px}</style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/cache/fvm/min/0-css464cbacf76f3c0a999d2565a8b2c04c89ef0be999ec7df311ed76a8d2a2c3.css' media='all' /> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' media="all">/*! 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class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-5/">Messier 5</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2875" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2875"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-6-butterfly-cluster/">Messier 6: Butterfly Cluster</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2876" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2876"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-7-ptolemys-cluster/">Messier 7: Ptolemy’s Cluster</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2877" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2877"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-8-lagoon-nebula/">Messier 8: Lagoon Nebula</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2878" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2878"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-9/">Messier 9</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2879" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2879"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-10/">Messier 10</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2880" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2880"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-11-wild-duck-cluster/">Messier 11: Wild Duck Cluster</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2881" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2881"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-12-gumball-globular/">Messier 12: Gumball Globular</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2882" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2882"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-13-hercules-globular-cluster/">Messier 13: Hercules Globular Cluster</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2883" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2883"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-14/">Messier 14</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2884" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2884"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-15-great-pegasus-cluster/">Messier 15: Great Pegasus Cluster</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2885" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2885"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-16-eagle-nebula/">Messier 16: Eagle Nebula</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2886" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2886"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-17-omega-nebula/">Messier 17: Omega Nebula</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2887" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2887"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-18/">Messier 18</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2888" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2888"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-19/">Messier 19</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2889" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2889"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-20-trifid-nebula/">Messier 20: Trifid Nebula</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2890" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2890"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-21/">Messier 21</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2891" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2891"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-22-sagittarius-cluster/">Messier 22: Sagittarius Cluster</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2892" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2892"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-23/">Messier 23</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2893" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2893"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-24-sagittarius-star-cloud/">Messier 24: Sagittarius Star Cloud</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2894" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2894"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-25/">Messier 25</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2895" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2895"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-26/">Messier 26</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2896" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2896"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-27-dumbbell-nebula/">Messier 27: Dumbbell Nebula</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2897" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2897"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-28/">Messier 28</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2898" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2898"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-29/">Messier 29</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2899" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2899"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-30/">Messier 30</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2900" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2900"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-31-andromeda-galaxy/">Messier 31: Andromeda Galaxy</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2901" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2901"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-32-le-gentil/">Messier 32: Le Gentil</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2902" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2902"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-33-triangulum-galaxy/">Messier 33: Triangulum Galaxy</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2903" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2903"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-34/">Messier 34</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2904" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2904"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-35/">Messier 35</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2905" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2905"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-36-pinwheel-cluster/">Messier 36: Pinwheel Cluster</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2906" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2906"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-37/">Messier 37</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2907" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2907"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-38-starfish-cluster/">Messier 38: Starfish Cluster</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2908" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2908"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-39/">Messier 39</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2909" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2909"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-40-winnecke-4/">Messier 40: Winnecke 4</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2910" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2910"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-41/">Messier 41</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2911" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2911"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-42-orion-nebula/">Messier 42: Orion Nebula</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2912" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2912"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-43-de-mairans-nebula/">Messier 43: De Mairan’s Nebula</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2913" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2913"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-44-beehive-cluster/">Messier 44: Beehive Cluster</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2914" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2914"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-45-pleiades/">Messier 45: Pleiades</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2915" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2915"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-46/">Messier 46</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2916" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2916"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-47/">Messier 47</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2917" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2917"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-48/">Messier 48</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2918" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2918"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-49/">Messier 49</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2919" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2919"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-50-heart-shaped-cluster/">Messier 50: Heart-Shaped Cluster</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2920" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2920"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-51-whirlpool-galaxy/">Messier 51: Whirlpool Galaxy</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2921" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2921"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-52/">Messier 52</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2922" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2922"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-53/">Messier 53</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2923" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2923"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-54/">Messier 54</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2924" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2924"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-55-summer-rose-star/">Messier 55: Summer Rose Star</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2925" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post current-menu-item menu-item-2925 nv-active"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-56/" aria-current="page">Messier 56</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2926" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2926"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-57-ring-nebula/">Messier 57: Ring Nebula</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2927" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2927"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-58/">Messier 58</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2928" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2928"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-59/">Messier 59</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2929" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2929"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-60/">Messier 60</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2930" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2930"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-61/">Messier 61</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2931" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2931"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-62/">Messier 62</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2932" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2932"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-63-sunflower-galaxy/">Messier 63: Sunflower Galaxy</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2933" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2933"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-64-black-eye-galaxy/">Messier 64: Black Eye Galaxy</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2934" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2934"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-65/">Messier 65</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2935" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2935"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-66/">Messier 66</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2936" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2936"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-67-king-cobra-cluster/">Messier 67: King Cobra Cluster</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2937" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2937"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-68/">Messier 68</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2938" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2938"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-69/">Messier 69</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2939" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2939"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-70/">Messier 70</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2940" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2940"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-71/">Messier 71</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2941" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2941"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-72/">Messier 72</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2942" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2942"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-73/">Messier 73</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2943" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2943"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-74-phantom-galaxy/">Messier 74: Phantom Galaxy</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2944" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2944"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-75/">Messier 75</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2945" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2945"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-76-little-dumbbell-nebula/">Messier 76: Little Dumbbell Nebula</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2946" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2946"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-77-cetus-a/">Messier 77: Cetus A</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2947" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2947"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-78/">Messier 78</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2948" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2948"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-79/">Messier 79</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2949" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2949"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-80/">Messier 80</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2950" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2950"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-81-bodes-galaxy/">Messier 81: Bode’s Galaxy</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2951" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2951"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-82-cigar-galaxy/">Messier 82: Cigar Galaxy</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2952" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2952"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-83-southern-pinwheel-galaxy/">Messier 83: Southern Pinwheel Galaxy</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2953" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2953"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-84/">Messier 84</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2954" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2954"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-85/">Messier 85</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2955" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2955"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-86/">Messier 86</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2956" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2956"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-87-virgo-a/">Messier 87: Virgo A</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2957" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2957"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-88/">Messier 88</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2958" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2958"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-89/">Messier 89</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2959" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2959"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-90/">Messier 90</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2960" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2960"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-91/">Messier 91</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2961" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2961"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-92/">Messier 92</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2962" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2962"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-93/">Messier 93</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2963" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2963"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-94-cats-eye-galaxy/">Messier 94: Cat’s Eye Galaxy</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2964" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2964"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-95/">Messier 95</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2965" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2965"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-96/">Messier 96</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2966" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2966"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-97-owl-nebula/">Messier 97: Owl Nebula</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2967" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2967"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-98/">Messier 98</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2968" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2968"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-99-coma-pinwheel/">Messier 99: Coma Pinwheel</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2969" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2969"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-100/">Messier 100</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2970" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2970"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-101-pinwheel-galaxy/">Messier 101: Pinwheel Galaxy</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2971" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2971"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-102-spindle-galaxy/">Messier 102: Spindle Galaxy</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2972" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2972"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-103/">Messier 103</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2973" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2973"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-104-sombrero-galaxy/">Messier 104: Sombrero Galaxy</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2974" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2974"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-105/">Messier 105</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2975" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2975"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-106/">Messier 106</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2976" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2976"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-107/">Messier 107</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2977" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2977"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-108-surfboard-galaxy/">Messier 108: Surfboard Galaxy</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2978" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2978"><div class="wrap"><a 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24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z"/></svg></span></div></div> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-3637" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3637"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-objects-by-constellation/messier-objects-in-canis-major/">Messier Objects in Canis Major</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-3636" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3636"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-objects-by-constellation/messier-objects-in-cassiopeia/">Messier Objects in Cassiopeia</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-3634" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3634"><div class="wrap"><a 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style="margin-left:5px;" aria-label="Toggle Messier Object List"><span class="caret"><svg fill="currentColor" aria-label="Dropdown" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path d="M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z"/></svg></span></button></div> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2870"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-1-crab-nebula/">Messier 1: Crab Nebula</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2871"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-2/">Messier 2</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2872"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-3/">Messier 3</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2873"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-4/">Messier 4</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2874"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-5/">Messier 5</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2875"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-6-butterfly-cluster/">Messier 6: Butterfly Cluster</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2876"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-7-ptolemys-cluster/">Messier 7: Ptolemy’s Cluster</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2877"><div 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menu-item-2882"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-13-hercules-globular-cluster/">Messier 13: Hercules Globular Cluster</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2883"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-14/">Messier 14</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2884"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-15-great-pegasus-cluster/">Messier 15: Great Pegasus Cluster</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2885"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-16-eagle-nebula/">Messier 16: Eagle Nebula</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2886"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-17-omega-nebula/">Messier 17: Omega Nebula</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2887"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-18/">Messier 18</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2888"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-19/">Messier 19</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2889"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-20-trifid-nebula/">Messier 20: Trifid Nebula</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2890"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-21/">Messier 21</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2891"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-22-sagittarius-cluster/">Messier 22: Sagittarius Cluster</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2892"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-23/">Messier 23</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2893"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-24-sagittarius-star-cloud/">Messier 24: Sagittarius Star Cloud</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2894"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-25/">Messier 25</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2895"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-26/">Messier 26</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2896"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-27-dumbbell-nebula/">Messier 27: Dumbbell Nebula</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2897"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-28/">Messier 28</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2898"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-29/">Messier 29</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2899"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-30/">Messier 30</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2900"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-31-andromeda-galaxy/">Messier 31: Andromeda Galaxy</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2901"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-32-le-gentil/">Messier 32: Le Gentil</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2902"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-33-triangulum-galaxy/">Messier 33: Triangulum Galaxy</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2903"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-34/">Messier 34</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2904"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-35/">Messier 35</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2905"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-36-pinwheel-cluster/">Messier 36: Pinwheel Cluster</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2906"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-37/">Messier 37</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2907"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-38-starfish-cluster/">Messier 38: Starfish Cluster</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2908"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-39/">Messier 39</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2909"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-40-winnecke-4/">Messier 40: Winnecke 4</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2910"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-41/">Messier 41</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2911"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-42-orion-nebula/">Messier 42: Orion Nebula</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2912"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-43-de-mairans-nebula/">Messier 43: De Mairan’s Nebula</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2913"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-44-beehive-cluster/">Messier 44: Beehive Cluster</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2914"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-45-pleiades/">Messier 45: Pleiades</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2915"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-46/">Messier 46</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2916"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-47/">Messier 47</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2917"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-48/">Messier 48</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2918"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-49/">Messier 49</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2919"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-50-heart-shaped-cluster/">Messier 50: Heart-Shaped Cluster</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2920"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-51-whirlpool-galaxy/">Messier 51: Whirlpool Galaxy</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2921"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-52/">Messier 52</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2922"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-53/">Messier 53</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2923"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-54/">Messier 54</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2924"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-55-summer-rose-star/">Messier 55: Summer Rose Star</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post current-menu-item menu-item-2925 nv-active"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-56/" aria-current="page">Messier 56</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2926"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-57-ring-nebula/">Messier 57: Ring Nebula</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2927"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-58/">Messier 58</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2928"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-59/">Messier 59</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2929"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-60/">Messier 60</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2930"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-61/">Messier 61</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2931"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-62/">Messier 62</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2932"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-63-sunflower-galaxy/">Messier 63: Sunflower Galaxy</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2933"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-64-black-eye-galaxy/">Messier 64: Black Eye Galaxy</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2934"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-65/">Messier 65</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2935"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-66/">Messier 66</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2936"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-67-king-cobra-cluster/">Messier 67: King Cobra Cluster</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2937"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-68/">Messier 68</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2938"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-69/">Messier 69</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2939"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-70/">Messier 70</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2940"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-71/">Messier 71</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2941"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-72/">Messier 72</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2942"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-73/">Messier 73</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2943"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-74-phantom-galaxy/">Messier 74: Phantom Galaxy</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2944"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-75/">Messier 75</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2945"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-76-little-dumbbell-nebula/">Messier 76: Little Dumbbell Nebula</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2946"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-77-cetus-a/">Messier 77: Cetus A</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2947"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-78/">Messier 78</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2948"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-79/">Messier 79</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2949"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-80/">Messier 80</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2950"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-81-bodes-galaxy/">Messier 81: Bode’s Galaxy</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2951"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-82-cigar-galaxy/">Messier 82: Cigar Galaxy</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2952"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-83-southern-pinwheel-galaxy/">Messier 83: Southern Pinwheel Galaxy</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2953"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-84/">Messier 84</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2954"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-85/">Messier 85</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2955"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-86/">Messier 86</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2956"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-87-virgo-a/">Messier 87: Virgo A</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2957"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-88/">Messier 88</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2958"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-89/">Messier 89</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2959"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-90/">Messier 90</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2960"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-91/">Messier 91</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2961"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-92/">Messier 92</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2962"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-93/">Messier 93</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2963"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-94-cats-eye-galaxy/">Messier 94: Cat’s Eye Galaxy</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2964"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-95/">Messier 95</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2965"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-96/">Messier 96</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2966"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-97-owl-nebula/">Messier 97: Owl Nebula</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2967"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-98/">Messier 98</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2968"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-99-coma-pinwheel/">Messier 99: Coma Pinwheel</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2969"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-100/">Messier 100</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2970"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-101-pinwheel-galaxy/">Messier 101: Pinwheel Galaxy</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2971"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-102-spindle-galaxy/">Messier 102: Spindle Galaxy</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2972"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-103/">Messier 103</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2973"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-104-sombrero-galaxy/">Messier 104: Sombrero Galaxy</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2974"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-105/">Messier 105</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2975"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-106/">Messier 106</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2976"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-107/">Messier 107</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2977"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-108-surfboard-galaxy/">Messier 108: Surfboard Galaxy</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2978"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-109/">Messier 109</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2979"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-110-edward-young-star/">Messier 110: Edward Young Star</a></div></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-3054"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-objects-by-constellation/"><span class="menu-item-title-wrap dd-title">Messier Objects by Constellation</span></a><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="caret-wrap navbar-toggle 114" style="margin-left:5px;" aria-label="Toggle Messier Objects by Constellation"><span class="caret"><svg fill="currentColor" aria-label="Dropdown" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path d="M207.029 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(max-width:400px){.messier_objects_header{display:none}}@media (min-width:500px){.messier_objects_header{width:320px;height:100px}}@media (min-width:800px){.messier_objects_header{width:728px;height:90px}}</style> <ins class="adsbygoogle messier_objects_header" data-ad-client="ca-pub-0663561204264333" data-ad-slot="5272327740"></ins> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script> <script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});</script> </div> <main id="content" class="neve-main"> <div class="container single-post-container"> <div class="row"> <article id="post-881" class="nv-single-post-wrap col post-881 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-globular-cluster tag-albireo tag-beta-cygni tag-gamma-lyrae tag-gc-4485 tag-h-2036 tag-john-herschel tag-lyra-constellation tag-m56 tag-messier-56 tag-messier-57 tag-ngc-6779 tag-northern-cross tag-omega-centauri tag-ring-nebula tag-sulafat tag-vega tag-william-henry-smyth tag-william-herschel"> <div class="entry-header" ><div class="nv-title-meta-wrap"><small class="nv--yoast-breadcrumb neve-breadcrumbs-wrapper"><span><span><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/">Home</a></span> &raquo; <span class="breadcrumb_last" aria-current="page">Messier 56</span></span></small><h1 class="title entry-title">Messier 56</h1><ul class="nv-meta-list"><li class="meta author vcard no-mobile"><span class="author-name fn">by <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/author/admin/" title="Posts by admin" rel="author">admin</a></span></li><li class="meta date posted-on"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2015-06-11T13:10:27+00:00" content="2015-06-11">June 11, 2015</time><time class="updated" datetime="2020-11-13T21:40:58+00:00">November 13, 2020</time></li></ul></div></div><div class="nv-content-wrap entry-content"><p>Messier 56 (M56) is a globular star cluster located in the small northern constellation <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/lyra-constellation/">Lyra</a>. M56 has an apparent magnitude of 8.3 and lies at a distance of 32,900 light years from Earth. The cluster has the designation NGC 6779 in the New General Catalogue.<br /> <span id="more-881"></span><br /> Messier 56 is relatively easy to find because it lies roughly halfway along the line from <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/albireo/">Albireo</a>, Beta Cygni, to Sulafat, Gamma Lyrae. <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/albireo/">Albireo</a>, a famous double star, marks the beak of the celestial <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/cygnus-constellation/">Swan</a> and the base of the <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/northern-cross/">Northern Cross</a>, while Sulaphat can be located in <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/lyra-constellation/">Lyra</a>, on the opposite side to the bright <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/vega/">Vega</a>.</p> <p>The cluster can be a challenge in binoculars because it is quite dim and does not have a bright core. In large binoculars, it appears as a fuzzy patch or an out-of-focus star. To resolve it into individual stars, one needs an 8-inch or larger telescope.</p> <p>4-inch telescopes show a round ball of light, but do not reveal much detail. Visually, observers can only see the cluster&#8217;s central region, about 3 arc minutes in diameter. The best time of year to observe M56 is during the summer months.</p> <p>Messier 56 occupies an area of 8.8 arc minutes, which corresponds to a linear diameter of about 84 light years. It has a mass about 230,000 times that of the Sun. The estimated age of M56 is 13.7 billion years.</p> <figure id="attachment_890" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-890" style="width: 600px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Messier-56.jpg"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="wp-image-890" src="https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Messier-56-1001x1024.jpg" alt="m56,ngc 6779" width="600" height="614" srcset="https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Messier-56.jpg 1001w, https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Messier-56-293x300.jpg 293w, https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Messier-56-50x50.jpg 50w" sizes="(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-890" class="wp-caption-text">The NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope has produced this beautiful image of the globular cluster Messier 56 (also known as M 56 or NGC 6779), which is located about 33 000 light years away from the Earth in the constellation of Lyra (The Lyre). The cluster is composed of a large number of stars, tightly bound to each other by gravity.However, this was not known when Charles Messier first observed it in January 1779. He described Messier 56 as “a nebula without stars”, like most globular clusters that he discovered — his telescope was not powerful enough to individually resolve any of the stars visible here, making it look like a fuzzy ball through his telescope’s eyepiece. We clearly see from Hubble’s image how the development of technology over the years has helped our understanding of astronomical objects. Astronomers typically infer important properties of globular clusters by looking at the light of their constituent stars. But they have to be very careful when they observe objects like Messier 56, which is located close to the Galactic plane. This region is crowded by “field-stars”, in other words, stars in the Milky Way that happen to lie in the same direction but do not belong to the cluster. These objects can contaminate the light, and hence undermine the conclusions reached by astronomers. This image consists of visible and near-infrared exposures from Hubble’s Advanced Camera for Surveys. The field of view is approximately 3.3 by 3.3 arcminutes. Image: NASA &amp; ESA. Acknowledgement: Gilles Chapdelaine</figcaption></figure> <p>The cluster has only 1 percent of the Sun&#8217;s metallicity, or abundance of elements heavier than hydrogen and helium. The overall spectral type of M56 is F5. The cluster is approaching us at 145 km/s.</p> <p>The brightest stars in M56 are of 13th magnitude and the 25 brightest stars have an average visual magnitude of 15.31. The cluster is known to contain about a dozen variables, including the RV Tauri variable V6, the irregular variableV2, the semi-regular variable V3, and the Cepheid variable V1.</p> <p>Messier 56 follows a retrograde orbit through the Milky Way moving at an estimated velocity of about 177 km/s. It is about 31,000 to 32,000 light years from the galactic centre and 4,800 light years above the galactic plane.</p> <p>The properties of M56 indicate that the cluster may have become part of our galaxy when the Milky Way devoured a dwarf galaxy. The nucleus of the smaller galaxy is believed to have survived as <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/omega-centauri-ngc-5139/">Omega Centauri</a>, the famous globular cluster located in the southern constellation <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/centaurus-constellation/">Centaurus</a>.</p> <p>Messier 56 is located relatively close to <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-57-ring-nebula/">Messier 57</a>, the famous Ring Nebula, which is the only other Messier object found in <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/lyra-constellation/">Lyra</a>.</p> <figure id="attachment_891" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-891" style="width: 600px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Messier-56-and-Messier-57.jpg"><img decoding="async" class="wp-image-891" src="https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Messier-56-and-Messier-57.jpg" alt="messier 56,messier 57,ring nebula" width="600" height="600" srcset="https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Messier-56-and-Messier-57.jpg 800w, https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Messier-56-and-Messier-57-150x150.jpg 150w, https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Messier-56-and-Messier-57-300x300.jpg 300w, https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Messier-56-and-Messier-57-50x50.jpg 50w" sizes="(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-891" class="wp-caption-text">Messier 56 and Messier 57 (the <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-57-ring-nebula/">Ring Nebula</a>). Image: Wikisky</figcaption></figure> <p>The cluster was discovered by Charles Messier on January 19, 1779. He offered the following description:</p> <blockquote><p>Nebula without stars, having little light; M. Messier discovered it on the same day as he found the comet of 1779, January 19. On the 23rd, he determined its position by comparing it with the star 2 Cygni, according to Flamsteed: it is near the Milky Way; and close to it is a star of 10th magnitude. M. Messier reported it on the chart of the comet of 1779.</p></blockquote> <p>William Herschel was the first to resolve M56 into stars around 1784. He described it as a &#8220;globular cluster of very compressed small stars about 4 or 5 minutes in diameter.&#8221;</p> <p>John Herschel catalogued the object as h 2036 in 1825 and later added it to his General Catalogue as GC 4485, describing it as a &#8220;globular cluster; bright; large; irregularly round; gradually very much compressed toward the middle; well resolved; stars from 11th to 14th magnitude.&#8221;</p> <figure id="attachment_892" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-892" style="width: 600px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/M56.jpg"><img decoding="async" class="wp-image-892" src="https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/M56.jpg" alt="messier 56,globular cluster" width="600" height="600" srcset="https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/M56.jpg 850w, https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/M56-150x150.jpg 150w, https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/M56-300x300.jpg 300w, https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/M56-50x50.jpg 50w" sizes="(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-892" class="wp-caption-text">Globular cluster Messier 56 in Lyra. Image: Hewholooks at wikipedia.org</figcaption></figure> <p>Wiliam Henry Smyth observed the cluster in July 1835 and noted the following:</p> <blockquote><p>A globular cluster, in a splendid field, between the eastern joke of <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/lyra-constellation/">Lyra</a>&#8216;s frame and the <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/cygnus-constellation/">Swan</a>&#8216;s head: it is 5 1/4 deg distant from Beta Lyrae, on the south-east line leading to Beta Cygni, which is about 3 1/2 deg further. This object was first registered by M. Messier in 1778, and, from his imperfect means, described as a nebula of feeble light, without a star. In 1784, it was resolved by Sir William Herschel, who, on gauging, considered its profundity to be of the 344th order.</p></blockquote> <figure id="attachment_893" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-893" style="width: 600px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/NGC-6779.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-893" src="https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/NGC-6779-1024x762.jpg" alt="messier 56,m56,cluster in lyra" width="600" height="446" srcset="https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/NGC-6779-1024x762.jpg 1024w, https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/NGC-6779-300x223.jpg 300w, https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/NGC-6779.jpg 1280w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-893" class="wp-caption-text">Image of M56 taken by Robert J. Vanderbei, Princeton University.</figcaption></figure> <h3 style="text-align: center;">FACTS</h3> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td width="619"><strong>Object: Cluster </strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="619"><strong>Type: Globular </strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="619"><strong>Class: X </strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="619"><strong>Designations: Messer 56, M56, NGC 6779, GCl 110, C 1914+300, GCRV 11736, MWSC 3077 </strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="619"><strong>Features: Moving in a retrograde orbit through the Milky Way </strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="619"><strong>Constellation: <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/lyra-constellation/">Lyra</a> </strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="619"><strong>Right ascension: 19h 16m 35.57s </strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="619"><strong>Declination: +30°11&#8217;00.5&#8221; </strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="619"><strong>Distance: 32,900 light years (10,100 parsecs) </strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="619"><strong>Age: 13.7 billion years </strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="619"><strong>Number of stars: 80,000 </strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="619"><strong>Apparent magnitude: +8.3 </strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="619"><strong>Apparent dimensions: 8&#8242;.8 </strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="619"><strong>Radius: 42 light years </strong></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h3 style="text-align: center;">LOCATION</h3> <figure id="attachment_889" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-889" style="width: 600px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Messier-56-location.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-889" src="https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Messier-56-location.png" alt="m56 location,find messier 56,where is messier 56" width="600" height="552" srcset="https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Messier-56-location.png 835w, https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Messier-56-location-300x276.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-889" class="wp-caption-text">Messier 56 location. Image: IAU and Sky &amp; Telescope magazine (Roger Sinnott &amp; Rick Fienberg)</figcaption></figure> </div><div class="nv-tags-list"><span>Tags:</span><a href=https://www.messier-objects.com/tag/albireo/ title="Albireo" class=albireo rel="tag">Albireo</a><a href=https://www.messier-objects.com/tag/beta-cygni/ title="Beta Cygni" class=beta-cygni rel="tag">Beta Cygni</a><a href=https://www.messier-objects.com/tag/gamma-lyrae/ title="Gamma Lyrae" class=gamma-lyrae rel="tag">Gamma Lyrae</a><a href=https://www.messier-objects.com/tag/gc-4485/ title="GC 4485" class=gc-4485 rel="tag">GC 4485</a><a href=https://www.messier-objects.com/tag/h-2036/ title="h 2036" class=h-2036 rel="tag">h 2036</a><a href=https://www.messier-objects.com/tag/john-herschel/ title="John Herschel" class=john-herschel rel="tag">John Herschel</a><a href=https://www.messier-objects.com/tag/lyra-constellation/ title="Lyra Constellation" class=lyra-constellation rel="tag">Lyra Constellation</a><a href=https://www.messier-objects.com/tag/m56/ title="M56" class=m56 rel="tag">M56</a><a href=https://www.messier-objects.com/tag/messier-56/ title="Messier 56" class=messier-56 rel="tag">Messier 56</a><a href=https://www.messier-objects.com/tag/messier-57/ title="Messier 57" class=messier-57 rel="tag">Messier 57</a><a href=https://www.messier-objects.com/tag/ngc-6779/ title="NGC 6779" class=ngc-6779 rel="tag">NGC 6779</a><a href=https://www.messier-objects.com/tag/northern-cross/ title="Northern Cross" class=northern-cross rel="tag">Northern Cross</a><a href=https://www.messier-objects.com/tag/omega-centauri/ title="Omega Centauri" class=omega-centauri rel="tag">Omega Centauri</a><a href=https://www.messier-objects.com/tag/ring-nebula/ title="Ring Nebula" class=ring-nebula rel="tag">Ring Nebula</a><a href=https://www.messier-objects.com/tag/sulafat/ title="Sulafat" class=sulafat rel="tag">Sulafat</a><a href=https://www.messier-objects.com/tag/vega/ title="Vega" class=vega rel="tag">Vega</a><a href=https://www.messier-objects.com/tag/william-henry-smyth/ title="William Henry Smyth" class=william-henry-smyth rel="tag">William Henry Smyth</a><a href=https://www.messier-objects.com/tag/william-herschel/ title="William Herschel" class=william-herschel rel="tag">William Herschel</a> </div> <div id="comments" class="comments-area"> </div> </article> <div class="nv-sidebar-wrap col-sm-12 nv-right blog-sidebar" > <aside id="secondary" role="complementary"> <div id="text-3" class="widget widget_text"> <div class="textwidget"> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block" data-ad-client="ca-pub-0663561204264333" data-ad-slot="7505940549" data-ad-format="auto"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> </div><div id="text-2" class="widget widget_text"><p class="widget-title">Messier Objects</p> <div class="textwidget"><p><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-1-crab-nebula/">Messier 1: Crab Nebula</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-2/">Messier 2</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-3/">Messier 3</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-4/">Messier 4</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-5/">Messier 5</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-6-butterfly-cluster/">Messier 6: Butterfly Cluster</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-7-ptolemys-cluster/">Messier 7: Ptolemy Cluster</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-8-lagoon-nebula/">Messier 8: Lagoon Nebula</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-9/">Messier 9</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-10/">Messier 10</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-11-wild-duck-cluster/">Messier 11: Wild Duck Cluster</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-12-gumball-globular/">Messier 12: Gumball Globular</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-13-hercules-globular-cluster/">Messier 13: Hercules Globular Cluster</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-14/">Messier 14</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-15-great-pegasus-cluster/">Messier 15: Great Pegasus Cluster</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-16-eagle-nebula/">Messier 16: Eagle Nebula</a><br /> * <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/pillars-of-creation/">Pillars of Creation</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-17-omega-nebula/">Messier 17: Omega Nebula</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-18/">Messier 18</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-19/">Messier 19</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-20-trifid-nebula/">Messier 20: Trifid Nebula</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-21/">Messier 21</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-22-sagittarius-cluster/">Messier 22: Sagittarius Cluster</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-23/">Messier 23</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-24-sagittarius-star-cloud/">Messier 24: Sagittarius Star Cloud</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-25/">Messier 25</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-26/">Messier 26</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-27-dumbbell-nebula/">Messier 27: Dumbbell Nebula</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-28/">Messier 28</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-29/">Messier 29</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-30/">Messier 30</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-31-andromeda-galaxy/">Messier 31: Andromeda Galaxy</a><br /> * <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/mayall-ii/">Mayall II</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-32-le-gentil/">Messier 32: Le Gentil</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-33-triangulum-galaxy/">Messier 33: Triangulum Galaxy</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-34/">Messier 34</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-35/">Messier 35</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-36-pinwheel-cluster/">Messier 36: Pinwheel Cluster</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-37/">Messier 37</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-38-starfish-cluster/">Messier 38: Starfish Cluster</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-39/">Messier 39</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-40-winnecke-4/">Messier 40: Winnecke 4</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-41/">Messier 41</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-42-orion-nebula/">Messier 42: Orion Nebula</a><br /> * <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/trapezium-cluster/">Trapezium Cluster</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-43-de-mairans-nebula/">Messier 43: De Mairan's Nebula</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-44-beehive-cluster/">Messier 44: Beehive Cluster</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-45-pleiades/">Messier 45: Pleiades</a><br /> * <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/maia-nebula/">Maia Nebula</a><br /> * <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/merope-nebula/">Merope Nebula</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-46/">Messier 46</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-47/">Messier 47</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-48/">Messier 48</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-49/">Messier 49</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-50-heart-shaped-cluster/">Messier 50: Heart-Shaped Cluster</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-51-whirlpool-galaxy/">Messier 51: Whirlpool Galaxy</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-52/">Messier 52</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-53/">Messier 53</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-54/">Messier 54</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-55-summer-rose-star/">Messier 55: Summer Rose Star</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-56/">Messier 56</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-57-ring-nebula/">Messier 57: Ring Nebula</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-58/">Messier 58</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-59/">Messier 59</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-60/">Messier 60</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-61/">Messier 61</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-62/">Messier 62</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-63-sunflower-galaxy/">Messier 63: Sunflower Galaxy</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-64-black-eye-galaxy/">Messier 64: Black Eye Galaxy</a><br /> * <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/leo-triplet/">Leo Triplet</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-65/">Messier 65</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-66/">Messier 66</a><br /> * <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/ngc-3628-hamburger-galaxy/">NGC 3628: Hamburger Galaxy</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-67-king-cobra-cluster/">Messier 67: King Cobra Cluster</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-68/">Messier 68</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-69/">Messier 69</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-70/">Messier 70</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-71/">Messier 71</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-72/">Messier 72</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-73/">Messier 73</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-74-phantom-galaxy/">Messier 74: Phantom Galaxy</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-75/">Messier 75</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-76-little-dumbbell-nebula/">Messier 76: Little Dumbbell Nebula</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-77-cetus-a/">Messier 77: Cetus A</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-78/">Messier 78</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-79/">Messier 79</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-80/">Messier 80</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-81-bodes-galaxy/">Messier 81: Bode's Galaxy</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-82-cigar-galaxy/">Messier 82: Cigar Galaxy</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-83-southern-pinwheel-galaxy/">Messier 83: Southern Pinwheel Galaxy</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-84/">Messier 84</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-85/">Messier 85</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-86/">Messier 86</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-87-virgo-a/">Messier 87: Virgo A</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-88/">Messier 88</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-89/">Messier 89</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-90/">Messier 90</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-91/">Messier 91</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-92/">Messier 92</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-93/">Messier 93</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-94-cats-eye-galaxy/">Messier 94: Cat's Eye Galaxy</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-95/">Messier 95</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-96/">Messier 96</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-97-owl-nebula/">Messier 97: Owl Nebula</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-98/">Messier 98</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-99-coma-pinwheel/">Messier 99: Coma Pinwheel</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-100/">Messier 100</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-101-pinwheel-galaxy/">Messier 101: Pinwheel Galaxy</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-102-spindle-galaxy/">Messier 102: Spindle Galaxy</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-103/">Messier 103</a><br /> <a 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