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Katad - Wikipedia, ang malayang ensiklopedya
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<body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Katad rootpage-Katad skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Pumunta sa nilalaman</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sayt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pangunahing pagpipilian" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pangunahing pagpipilian</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Pangunahing pagpipilian</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">itago</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Maglibot </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Unang_Pahina" title="Puntahan ang unang pahina [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Unang pahina</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tingnan_ang_buod" title="Mga gabay sa pagbabasa ng laktaw-laktaw sa Wikipedia"><span>Mga nilalaman</span></a></li><li id="n-Napiling-nilalaman" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Mga_napiling_artikulo"><span>Napiling nilalaman</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Alin_man" title="Magpalabas ng kahit-anong artikulo [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Alinmang 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title="Tala ng mga huling pagbabago sa wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Mga huling binago</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Makipag-ugnayan_sa_amin" title="Paano makokontak ang Wikipedia"><span>Makipag-ugnayan</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tulong" title="Ang lugar para maghanap ng tulong sa Wikipedia."><span>Tulong</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Unang_Pahina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ang Malayang Ensiklopedya" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-tl.svg" width="119" height="13" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Maghanap" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Maghanap sa Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Hanapin</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Maghanap sa Wikipedia" aria-label="Maghanap sa Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Maghanap sa Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Natatangi:Maghanap"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Hanapin</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Mga pansariling kagamitan"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itsura"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itsura" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itsura</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tl.wikipedia.org&uselang=tl" class=""><span>Donasyon</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Likhain_ang_kuwenta&returnto=Katad" title="Mas maganda kung gagawa ka ng account at magla-login; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito" class=""><span>Gumawa ng account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Paglagda_ng_tagagamit&returnto=Katad" title="Mas maganda kung magla-login ka; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Mag-login</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Marami pang pagpipilian" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mga pansariling kagamitan" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mga pansariling kagamitan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tl.wikipedia.org&uselang=tl"><span>Donasyon</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>Mag-ambag</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Likhain_ang_kuwenta&returnto=Katad" title="Mas maganda kung gagawa ka ng account at magla-login; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Gumawa ng account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Paglagda_ng_tagagamit&returnto=Katad" title="Mas maganda kung magla-login ka; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Mag-login</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Mga pahina para sa naka-logout na mga patnugot o editor <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Maligayang_pagdating!" aria-label="Alamin pa ang tungkol sa pagpapatnugot"><span>alamin pa</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Usapan_ko" title="Usapang tungkol sa mga pagbabagong ginawa sa ip address na ito [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Usapan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sayt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Mga nilalaman" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mga nilalaman</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">itago</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Simula</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Pinagmumulan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pinagmumulan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Pinagmumulan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pinagmumulan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paghahanda_ng_katad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paghahanda_ng_katad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Paghahanda ng katad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paghahanda_ng_katad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sanggunian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sanggunian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sanggunian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sanggunian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Mga nilalaman" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itago/Ipakita ang talaan ng mga nilalaman" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itago/Ipakita ang talaan ng mga nilalaman</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Katad</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pumunta sa isang artikulo na nakasulat sa ibang wika. Mayroon ito sa 91 (na) wika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-91" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">91 wika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leer_(stof)" title="Leer (stof) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Leer (stof)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuero" title="Cuero – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cuero" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%AF_(%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AC)" title="جلد (منتج) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جلد (منتج)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cueru" title="Cueru – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cueru" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakekan" title="Pakekan – Atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Pakekan" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anit" title="Anit – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Anit" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0_(%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Кожа (суровина) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кожа (суровина)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="পাকাচামড়া – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পাকাচামড়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%AAr" title="Lêr – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Lêr" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%BEa_(materijal)" title="Koža (materijal) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Koža (materijal)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuir" title="Cuir – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cuir" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%83%E1%8F%A5" title="ᎦᏃᏥ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎦᏃᏥ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%85" title="چەرم – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="چەرم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Use%C5%88" title="Useň – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Useň" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%C4%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Сăран – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Сăран" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lledr" title="Lledr – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Lledr" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A6der" title="Læder – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Læder" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gb%C9%94%C5%8B" title="Gbɔŋ – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Gbɔŋ" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leder" title="Leder – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Leder" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postevan" title="Postevan – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Postevan" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%96%CF%89%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%B4%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Ζωικό δέρμα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ζωικό δέρμα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leather" title="Leather – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Leather" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledo" title="Ledo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ledo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuero" title="Cuero – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cuero" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahk_(materjal)" title="Nahk (materjal) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nahk (materjal)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larru" title="Larru – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Larru" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%B1%D9%85" title="چرم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چرم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahka" title="Nahka – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nahka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuir" title="Cuir – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cuir" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leathar" title="Leathar – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Leathar" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coiro" title="Coiro – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Coiro" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakapi" title="Vakapi – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Vakapi" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A8_(%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8_%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%9D)" title="עור (חומר גלם) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עור (חומר גלם)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE" title="चमड़ा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चमड़ा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%BEa_(materijal)" title="Koža (materijal) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Koža (materijal)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwi" title="Kwi – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kwi" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C5%91r_(anyag)" title="Bőr (anyag) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bőr (anyag)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%AB" title="Կաշի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կաշի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumping" title="Lumping – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lumping" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledro" title="Ledro – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ledro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%C3%B0ur" title="Leður – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Leður" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuoio" title="Cuoio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cuoio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E9%9D%A9" title="皮革 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="皮革" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kp%C9%A9n%C9%9B_t%C9%94n%CA%8B%CA%8B" title="Kpɩnɛ tɔnʋʋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kpɩnɛ tɔnʋʋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%BC%ED%98%81" title="피혁 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="피혁" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Булгаары – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Булгаары" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corium" title="Corium – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Corium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieder" title="Lieder – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Lieder" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laer" title="Laer – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Laer" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coramm" title="Coramm – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Coramm" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oda_(med%C5%BEiaga)" title="Oda (medžiaga) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Oda (medžiaga)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%80da_(materi%C4%81ls)" title="Āda (materiāls) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Āda (materiāls)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BD" title="തുകൽ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തുകൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87" title="चामडे – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="चामडे" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulit_(produk_haiwan)" title="Kulit (produk haiwan) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kulit (produk haiwan)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1" title="သားရေ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သားရေ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leer_(stof)" title="Leer (stof) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Leer (stof)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%AAr" title="Lêr – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Lêr" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A6r" title="Lær – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lær" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuer" title="Cuer – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cuer" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%9C%E0%A8%BE" title="ਚਮੜਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਚਮੜਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leder" title="Leder – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Leder" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sk%C3%B3ra_(surowiec)" title="Skóra (surowiec) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Skóra (surowiec)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%85%DA%91%D8%A7" title="چمڑا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="چمڑا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Couro" title="Couro – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Couro" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piele_(material)" title="Piele (material) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Piele (material)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB)" title="Кожа (материал) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кожа (материал)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coriu" title="Coriu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Coriu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laither" title="Laither – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Laither" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%85" title="چم – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="چم" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%BEa_(materijal)" title="Koža (materijal) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Koža (materijal)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%85_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A" title="පදම්කළ සම් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පදම්කළ සම්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leather" title="Leather – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Leather" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usnje" title="Usnje – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Usnje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dehwe" title="Dehwe – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Dehwe" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ABkura_(material)" title="Lëkura (material) – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lëkura (material)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%BEa_(materijal)" title="Koža (materijal) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Koža (materijal)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4der" title="Läder – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Läder" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="தோல்சரக்கு நுட்பியல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தோல்சரக்கு நுட்பியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC" title="Чарм – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Чарм" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagana_%C3%B6n%C3%BCm%C3%A7iligi" title="Bagana önümçiligi – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Bagana önümçiligi" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deri_(malzeme)" title="Deri (malzeme) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Deri (malzeme)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D0%BD" title="Күн – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Күн" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB)" title="Шкіра (матеріал) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шкіра (матеріал)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%85%DA%91%DB%81" title="چمڑہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="چمڑہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charm" title="Charm – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Charm" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Da_thu%E1%BB%99c" title="Da thuộc – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Da thuộc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwero" title="Kwero – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kwero" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E9%9D%A9" title="皮革 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="皮革" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E9%9D%A9" title="皮革 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="皮革" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E7%9A%AE_(%E6%96%99)" title="真皮 (料) – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="真皮 (料)" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q286#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Baguhin ang link sa ibang wika" class="wbc-editpage">baguhin 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[j]" accesskey="j"><span>Mga nakaturo rito</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Nakakawing_ng_kamakailang_pagbabago/Katad" rel="nofollow" title="Mga huling binago sa mga kaugnay na pahina mula sa pahinang ito [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Kaugnay na pagbabago</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=tl" title="Magkarga ng mga larawan o iba pang midya [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Mag-upload ng file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Natatanging_mga_pahina" title="Tala ng mga natatanging pahina [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Natatanging pahina</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katad&oldid=2008772" title="Ibigay ang palagiang kawing para sa kasalukuyang bersyon ng pahinang ito"><span>Permanenteng link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katad&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Impormasyon ng pahina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Sipiin&page=Katad&id=2008772&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Impormasyon sa pagsangguni sa pahinang ito"><span>Sumangguni</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKatad"><span>Kumuha ng pinaikling URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKatad"><span>I-download ang QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> I-print/I-export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Aklat&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Katad"><span>Lumikha ng isang aklat</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:DownloadAsPdf&page=Katad&action=show-download-screen"><span>I-download bilang PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katad&printable=yes" title="Ipakita ang bersyon ng pahinang itong madaling maililimbag [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Bersyong mapi-print</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sa iba pang proyekto </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Leather" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q286" title="Link sa nakakonektang item sa repositoryo ng datos [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Item na Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itsura"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Itsura</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">itago</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Mula sa Wikipedia, ang malayang ensiklopedya</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tl" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Leathertools.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Leathertools.jpg/220px-Leathertools.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Leathertools.jpg/330px-Leathertools.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Leathertools.jpg/440px-Leathertools.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1807" data-file-height="2700" /></a><figcaption>Mga kagamitan sa paghahanda ng mga produktong yari sa katad.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ang mga <b>katad</b> ay mga balat ng malalaking hayop, katulad ng <a href="/wiki/Baka" title="Baka">baka</a> o mga <a href="/wiki/Wangis-baka" title="Wangis-baka">wangis-baka</a>, na dumaan sa proseso ng pagkukulti o kemikal na panggagamot para mapanatili ang kanilang katibayan at angking katangian. Isa sa mga pinakaimportanteng gamit nito ang kaugnay ng paggawa ng mga <a href="/wiki/Sapatos" title="Sapatos">sapatos</a>. Marami pang ibang bagay na yari sa katad. Ilan sa mga halimbawa ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dyaket&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dyaket (hindi pa naisusulat)">dyaket</a>, mga mahahabang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pangginaw&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pangginaw (hindi pa naisusulat)">pangginaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palda" class="mw-redirect" title="Palda">palda</a>, at iba pang mga <a href="/wiki/Damit" class="mw-redirect" title="Damit">damit</a>. Pinaggagamitan din ng katad ang mga <a href="/wiki/Bag" class="mw-disambig" title="Bag">bag</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bagahe" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagahe">bagahe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sinturon" title="Sinturon">sinturon</a>, mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasangkapang-pambahay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kasangkapang-pambahay (hindi pa naisusulat)">kasangkapang-pambahay</a> o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pangopisina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pangopisina (hindi pa naisusulat)">pang-opisina</a>, at mga kagamitan sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paglalaro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paglalaro (hindi pa naisusulat)">paglalaro</a> tulad ng sa <a href="/wiki/Golp" class="mw-redirect" title="Golp">golp</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NBK_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NBK-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pinagmumulan">Pinagmumulan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katad&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Pinagmumulan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katad&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Pinagmumulan"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sa mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bakahan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bakahan (hindi pa naisusulat)">bakahan</a> nakukuha ang maraming bilang ng mga balat ng baka, sapagkat ang mga <a href="/wiki/Baka" title="Baka">baka</a> ang pangunahin at pinakamahalagang hayop na napagkukunan ng katad. Kabilang sa mga bansang may mga bakahan ang <a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos">Estados Unidos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> at <a href="/wiki/Arhentina" title="Arhentina">Arhentina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NBK_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NBK-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Paghahanda_ng_katad">Paghahanda ng katad</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katad&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Paghahanda ng katad" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katad&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Paghahanda ng katad"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bago maging produktong tulad ng mga sapatos, sinturon, bag at iba, nagdaraan muna sa isang proseso ng paghahanda ang mga katad: </p><p>Sa una, inaasnan muna ang mga balat upang mapanatili ang kalidad nito kahit na itabi o ibyahe man patungo sa ibang pook. Sa <i>tanerya'</i><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (tawag sa pook na <i>katadan</i> o "gawaan ng katad"), hinugasan ang mga ito para matanggal ang asin. Pagkaraan, binababad ito sa maasim na mga <a href="/wiki/Apog" title="Apog">apog</a> para madaling alisin ang mga <a href="/wiki/Balahibo" class="mw-redirect" title="Balahibo">balahibo</a>. Isang makina ang nagtatanggal ng mga buhok na ito. Aalisin naman ng isang tao ang mga labis na laman ng hayop na nakadikit pa sa mga katad. Muling huhugasan ang mga ito para naman maalis ang mga katas ng maasidong limon at para lumambot.<sup id="cite_ref-NBK_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NBK-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Daraan naman ang mga katad sa isa sa proseso ng pagkukulay o pagta-<i>tan</i> (<i>tanning</i>). Dalawa ang uri ng pagkukulay: isang ginagamit ng mga balat at kahoy mula sa mga <a href="/wiki/Punungkahoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Punungkahoy">punungkahoy</a> (<i>vegetable-tanning</i>; nakababad sa malaking lalagyan para masipsip ng katad ang mga solusyong pangulay), samantalang ang isa pa ay ang pagkukulay sa pamamagitan ng <a href="/wiki/Chrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Chrome">kromo</a> (<i>chrome-tanning</i>; nasa isang malaking <a href="/wiki/Dram" class="mw-redirect" title="Dram">dram</a> na may lamang mga solusyong kimikal ang mga katad).<sup id="cite_ref-NBK_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NBK-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pagkaraang masipsip ng mga katad ang mga kulay, anuman ang prosesong ginamit sa itaas, inaahitan na ang mga katad para magkaroon ng magkakatulad na sukat ng kakapalan. Ididikit naman sila pagdaka sa mga tabla ng salamin na daraan sa painitan para matuyo at lumambot pa. Pinipisa pa din ito ang mga ito sa pamamagitan ng isang kasangkapan-pampisa na hinahawakan ng kamay, isang pamamaraan na nakapagbibigay sa mga katad ng kulu-kulubot na anyo ng mga ito. Sa huli, titimplahan pa uli ang mga ito ng iba pang pangulay at mga pampakinis.<sup id="cite_ref-NBK_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NBK-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sanggunian">Sanggunian</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katad&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Sanggunian" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katad&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Sanggunian"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2121818">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NBK-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NBK_1-0">1.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NBK_1-1">1.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NBK_1-2">1.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NBK_1-3">1.3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NBK_1-4">1.4</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2132731">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"Leather". <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Book_of_Knowledge" title="The New Book of Knowledge">The New Book of Knowledge (Ang Bagong Aklat ng Kaalaman), Grolier Incorporated</a></i>. 1977.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Leather&rft.btitle=The+New+Book+of+Knowledge+%28Ang+Bagong+Aklat+ng+Kaalaman%29%2C+Grolier+Incorporated&rft.date=1977&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKatad" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_ensiklopedya" class="mw-redirect" title="Padron:Cite ensiklopedya">cite ensiklopedya</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Literal na salin ng <i>tannery</i> [Ingles].</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐864bbfd546‐8pmb5 Cached time: 20241129062507 Cache expiry: 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