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href="#The_upper_thoracic_nerves:_2nd–6th"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>The upper thoracic nerves: 2nd–6th</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-The_upper_thoracic_nerves:_2nd–6th-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle The upper thoracic nerves: 2nd–6th subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-The_upper_thoracic_nerves:_2nd–6th-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Branches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Branches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Branches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Branches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_lower_thoracic_nerves:_7th–11th" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_lower_thoracic_nerves:_7th–11th"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>The lower thoracic nerves: 7th–11th</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_lower_thoracic_nerves:_7th–11th-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_lower_thoracic_nerves:_12th" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_lower_thoracic_nerves:_12th"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>The lower thoracic nerves: 12th</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-The_lower_thoracic_nerves:_12th-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle The lower thoracic nerves: 12th subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-The_lower_thoracic_nerves:_12th-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Anterior_division" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anterior_division"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Anterior division</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anterior_division-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lateral_cutaneous_branch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lateral_cutaneous_branch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Lateral cutaneous branch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lateral_cutaneous_branch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Additional_images" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Additional_images"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Additional images</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Additional_images-sublist" 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href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:lemonchiffon">Intercostal nerves</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray819.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Gray819.png/250px-Gray819.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Gray819.png/375px-Gray819.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Gray819.png 2x" data-file-width="473" data-file-height="400" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Diagram of the course and branches of a typical intercostal nerve.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray821.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Gray821.png/250px-Gray821.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="489" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Gray821.png 1.5x" data-file-width="358" data-file-height="700" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Intercostal nerves, the superficial muscles having been removed.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em">From</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thoracic_nerves" class="mw-redirect" title="Thoracic nerves">Thoracic nerves</a> (T1-T11)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em">Innervates</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Intercostal_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercostal muscle">Intercostal muscle</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>nervi intercostales</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D007367">D007367</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA98</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/14.2.04.006%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A14.2.04.006</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id=6471">6471</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy" title="Foundational Model of Anatomy">FMA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/FMA/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fsig%2Font%2Ffma%2Ffma75467">75467</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_neuroanatomy" title="Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy">Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy</a><div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515961" class="extiw" title="d:Q1515961">edit on Wikidata</a>]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>intercostal nerves</b> are part of the <a href="/wiki/Somatic_nervous_system" title="Somatic nervous system">somatic nervous system</a>, and arise from the <a href="/wiki/Ventral_ramus_of_spinal_nerve" title="Ventral ramus of spinal nerve">anterior rami</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Thoracic_spinal_nerves" class="mw-redirect" title="Thoracic spinal nerves">thoracic spinal nerves</a> from T1 to T11.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The intercostal nerves are distributed chiefly to the thoracic <a href="/wiki/Pleura" title="Pleura">pleura</a> and abdominal <a href="/wiki/Peritoneum" title="Peritoneum">peritoneum</a>, and differ from the anterior rami of the other <a href="/wiki/Spinal_nerve" title="Spinal nerve">spinal nerves</a> in that each pursues an independent course without plexus formation.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first two nerves supply fibers to the <a href="/wiki/Upper_limb" title="Upper limb">upper limb</a> and thorax; the next four distribute to the walls of the <a href="/wiki/Thorax" title="Thorax">thorax</a>; the lower five supply the walls of the thorax and <a href="/wiki/Abdomen" title="Abdomen">abdomen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 7th intercostal nerve ends at the <a href="/wiki/Xyphoid_process" class="mw-redirect" title="Xyphoid process">xyphoid process</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Human_sternum" class="mw-redirect" title="Human sternum">sternum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 10th intercostal nerve terminates at the <a href="/wiki/Navel" title="Navel">navel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 12th (<a href="/wiki/Subcostal_nerve" title="Subcostal nerve">subcostal</a>) thoracic is distributed to the walls of the abdomen and <a href="/wiki/Groin" title="Groin">groin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each of these fibers contains around 1300 axons.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unlike the nerves from the <a href="/wiki/Autonomic_nervous_system" title="Autonomic nervous system">autonomic nervous system</a> that innervate the visceral pleura of the thoracic cavity, the intercostal nerves arise from the <a href="/wiki/Somatic_nervous_system" title="Somatic nervous system">somatic nervous system</a>. This enables them to control the contraction of muscles, as well as provide specific sensory information regarding the skin and <a href="/wiki/Parietal_pleura" class="mw-redirect" title="Parietal pleura">parietal pleura</a>. This explains why damage to the internal wall of the thoracic cavity can be felt as a sharp pain localized in the injured region. Damage to the <a href="/wiki/Visceral_pleura" class="mw-redirect" title="Visceral pleura">visceral pleura</a> is experienced as an un-localized <a href="/wiki/Pain" title="Pain">ache</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_1st_thoracic_nerve">The 1st thoracic nerve</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intercostal_nerves&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: The 1st thoracic nerve"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The anterior division of the first thoracic nerve divides into two branches. The larger branch leaves the thorax in front of the neck of the first rib, and enters the brachial plexus. The smaller branch, the first intercostal nerve, runs along the first <a href="/wiki/Intercostal_space" title="Intercostal space">intercostal space</a>, and ends on the front of the chest as the first anterior cutaneous branch of the thorax. Occasionally, this anterior cutaneous branch is missing. </p><p>The first intercostal nerve rarely gives off a lateral cutaneous branch; but sometimes sends a small branch to communicate with the intercostobrachial. </p><p>From the second thoracic nerve it frequently receives a connecting twig, which ascends over the neck of the second rib. This nerve was first described by Kuntz in 1927. There is considerable anatomic variation, but Kuntz nerve may be present in 40-80% of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_upper_thoracic_nerves:_2nd–6th"><span id="The_upper_thoracic_nerves:_2nd.E2.80.936th"></span>The upper thoracic nerves: 2nd–6th</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intercostal_nerves&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The upper thoracic nerves: 2nd–6th"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The anterior divisions of the second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth thoracic nerves, and the small branch from the first thoracic, are confined to the walls of the thorax, and are named thoracic intercostal nerves. </p><p>They pass forward in the intercostal spaces below the intercostal vessels. At the back of the chest they lie between the pleura and the posterior intercostal membranes, but soon they run between the internal intercostals and the innermost intercostals then anteriorly they lie between the pleura and the internal intercostals. </p><p>Near the sternum, they cross in front of the <a href="/wiki/Internal_mammary_artery" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal mammary artery">internal mammary artery</a> and <a href="/wiki/Transversus_thoracis_muscle" title="Transversus thoracis muscle">transversus thoracis muscle</a>, pierce the <a href="/wiki/Intercostales_interni" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercostales interni">intercostales interni</a>, the anterior intercostal membranes, and <a href="/wiki/Pectoralis_major" title="Pectoralis major">pectoralis major</a>, and supply the integument of the front of the thorax and over the mammary gland, forming the anterior cutaneous branches of the <a href="/wiki/Thorax" title="Thorax">thorax</a>; the branch from the second nerve unites with the anterior <a href="/wiki/Supraclavicular_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Supraclavicular nerve">supraclavicular nerves</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Cervical_plexus" title="Cervical plexus">cervical plexus</a>. </p><p>The <b>fourth intercostal nerve</b> is innervated by cutaneous slowly-adapting and rapidly-adapting <a href="/wiki/Mechanoreceptor" title="Mechanoreceptor">mechanoreceptors</a>, especially by ones densely-packed under the areola; innervation subsequently triggers <a href="/wiki/Oxytocin" title="Oxytocin">oxytocin</a> release, which, when in the peripheral bloodstream, causes <a href="/wiki/Myoepithelial_cell" title="Myoepithelial cell">myoepithelial cell</a> contraction and <a href="/wiki/Lactation" title="Lactation">lactation</a>: this is an example of a non-nerve-innervation muscular reflex. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Branches">Branches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intercostal_nerves&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Branches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Numerous slender muscular filaments supply the <a href="/wiki/Intercostales" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercostales">Intercostales</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Subcostales" class="mw-redirect" title="Subcostales">Subcostales</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Levatores_costarum" class="mw-redirect" title="Levatores costarum">Levatores costarum</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Serratus_posterior_superior" class="mw-redirect" title="Serratus posterior superior">Serratus posterior superior</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Transversus_thoracis" class="mw-redirect" title="Transversus thoracis">Transversus thoracis</a>. At the front of the thorax some of these branches cross the costal cartilages from one intercostal space to another. </p> <ul><li><b>Lateral cutaneous branches</b> (rami cutanei laterales) are derived from the intercostal nerves, about midway between the vertebræ and sternum; they pierce the <a href="/wiki/Intercostales_externi" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercostales externi">Intercostales externi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Serratus_anterior" class="mw-redirect" title="Serratus anterior">Serratus anterior</a>, and divide into anterior and posterior branches.</li> <li>The <b>anterior branches</b> run forward to the side and the forepart of the chest and skin, fourth nerve anterior branches supplying the <a href="/wiki/Areola" title="Areola">areola</a> and the mamma; those of the fifth and sixth nerves supply the upper digitations of the <a href="/wiki/Obliquus_externus_abdominis" class="mw-redirect" title="Obliquus externus abdominis">Obliquus externus abdominis</a>.</li> <li>The <b>posterior branches</b> run backward, and supply the skin over the <a href="/wiki/Scapula" title="Scapula">scapula</a> and <a href="/wiki/Latissimus_dorsi" class="mw-redirect" title="Latissimus dorsi">Latissimus dorsi</a>.</li></ul> <p>The lateral cutaneous branch of the second intercostal nerve does not divide, like the others, into an anterior and a posterior branch; it is named the <a href="/wiki/Intercostobrachial_nerve" title="Intercostobrachial nerve">intercostobrachial nerve</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_lower_thoracic_nerves:_7th–11th"><span id="The_lower_thoracic_nerves:_7th.E2.80.9311th"></span>The lower thoracic nerves: 7th–11th</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intercostal_nerves&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The lower thoracic nerves: 7th–11th"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Thoraco-abdominal_nerves" title="Thoraco-abdominal nerves">Thoraco-abdominal nerves</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_lower_thoracic_nerves:_12th">The lower thoracic nerves: 12th</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intercostal_nerves&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The lower thoracic nerves: 12th"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anterior_division">Anterior division</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intercostal_nerves&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Anterior division"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Subcostal_nerve" title="Subcostal nerve">Subcostal nerve</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lateral_cutaneous_branch">Lateral cutaneous branch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intercostal_nerves&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Lateral cutaneous branch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The lateral cutaneous branch of the last thoracic nerve is large, and undivided. </p><p>It perforates the <a href="/wiki/Abdominal_internal_oblique_muscle" title="Abdominal internal oblique muscle">internal</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Abdominal_external_oblique_muscle" title="Abdominal external oblique muscle">external oblique muscles</a>, descends over the <a href="/wiki/Iliac_crest" title="Iliac crest">iliac crest</a> in front of the lateral cutaneous branch of the <a href="/wiki/Iliohypogastric_nerve" title="Iliohypogastric nerve">iliohypogastric nerve</a>, and is distributed to the skin of the front part of the <a href="/wiki/Gluteal_muscles" title="Gluteal muscles">gluteal muscles</a>, some of its filaments extending as low as the <a href="/wiki/Greater_trochanter" title="Greater trochanter">greater trochanter</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Femur" title="Femur">femur</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Additional_images">Additional images</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intercostal_nerves&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Additional images"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nervous_system_diagram-en.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nervous system"><img alt="Nervous system" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Nervous_system_diagram-en.svg/108px-Nervous_system_diagram-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="108" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Nervous_system_diagram-en.svg/162px-Nervous_system_diagram-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Nervous_system_diagram-en.svg/216px-Nervous_system_diagram-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="601" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Nervous system</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray530.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Intercostal spaces, viewed from the left"><img alt="Intercostal spaces, viewed from the left" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Gray530.png/86px-Gray530.png" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Gray530.png/130px-Gray530.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Gray530.png/173px-Gray530.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="833" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Intercostal spaces, viewed from the left</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brachial_plexus.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brachial plexus"><img alt="Brachial plexus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Brachial_plexus.svg/120px-Brachial_plexus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Brachial_plexus.svg/180px-Brachial_plexus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Brachial_plexus.svg/240px-Brachial_plexus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="982" data-file-height="403" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Brachial plexus</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brachial_plexus_color.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brachial plexus with courses of spinal nerves shown"><img alt="Brachial plexus with courses of spinal nerves shown" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Brachial_plexus_color.svg/120px-Brachial_plexus_color.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Brachial_plexus_color.svg/180px-Brachial_plexus_color.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Brachial_plexus_color.svg/240px-Brachial_plexus_color.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="982" data-file-height="403" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Brachial plexus with courses of spinal nerves shown</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intercostal_nerves&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intercostal_nerve_block" title="Intercostal nerve block">Intercostal nerve block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/External_intercostal_muscles" title="External intercostal muscles">External intercostal muscles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_intercostal_muscles" title="Internal intercostal muscles">Internal intercostal muscles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peripheral_nervous_system" title="Peripheral nervous system">Peripheral nervous system</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intercostal_nerves&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> <i>This article incorporates text in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/anatomyofhumanbo1918gray#page/945/mode/2up">page 945</a> of the 20th edition of</i> <a href="/wiki/Gray%27s_Anatomy" title="Gray's Anatomy">Gray's Anatomy</a> <i>(1918)</i> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free 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(eds.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323083409000554">"55 - Truncal Blocks"</a>, <i>Practical Management of Pain (Fifth Edition)</i>, Philadelphia: Mosby, pp. 745–754.e2, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fb978-0-323-08340-9.00055-4">10.1016/b978-0-323-08340-9.00055-4</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-323-08340-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-323-08340-9"><bdi>978-0-323-08340-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-11-17</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Practical+Management+of+Pain+%28Fifth+Edition%29&rft.atitle=55+-+Truncal+Blocks&rft.pages=745-754.e2&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fb978-0-323-08340-9.00055-4&rft.isbn=978-0-323-08340-9&rft.aulast=Narchi&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft.au=Singelyn%2C+Fran%C3%A7ois&rft.au=Paqueron%2C+Xavier&rft.au=Nicholls%2C+Barry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB9780323083409000554&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntercostal+nerves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ramsaroop L, Partab P, Singh B, Satyapal KS. Thoracic origin of a sympathetic supply to the upper limb: the 'nerve of Kuntz' revisited. J Anat. 2001;199:675Y682</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marhold F, Izay B, Zacherl J, Tschabitscher M, Neumayer C. Thoracoscopic and anatomic landmarks of Kuntz's nerve: implications for sympathetic surgery. Ann Thorac Surg. 2008;86:1653Y1658.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intercostal_nerves&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wesnorman.com/thoraxlesson5.htm">thoraxlesson5</a> at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wesnorman.com/Images/paravertebralregion.jpg">paravertebralregion</a></i>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.med.umich.edu/lrc/coursepages/m1/anatomy2010/html/atlas/abdo_wall53.html">Atlas image: abdo_wall53</a> at the University of Michigan Health System - "Abdominal Wall, Dissection, Lateral View"</li></ul> <div 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href="/wiki/Cervical_nerves" class="mw-redirect" title="Cervical nerves">Cervical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cervical_spinal_nerve_1" title="Cervical spinal nerve 1">C1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cervical_spinal_nerve_2" title="Cervical spinal nerve 2">C2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cervical_spinal_nerve_3" title="Cervical spinal nerve 3">C3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cervical_spinal_nerve_4" title="Cervical spinal nerve 4">C4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cervical_spinal_nerve_5" title="Cervical spinal nerve 5">C5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cervical_spinal_nerve_6" title="Cervical spinal nerve 6">C6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cervical_spinal_nerve_7" title="Cervical spinal nerve 7">C7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cervical_spinal_nerve_8" title="Cervical spinal nerve 8">C8</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Anterior_ramus_of_spinal_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Anterior ramus of spinal nerve">anterior</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cervical_plexus" title="Cervical plexus">Cervical plexus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brachial_plexus" title="Brachial plexus">Brachial plexus</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Posterior_ramus_of_spinal_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Posterior ramus of spinal nerve">posterior</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_branches_of_cervical_nerves" title="Posterior branches of cervical nerves">Posterior branches of cervical nerves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suboccipital_nerve" title="Suboccipital nerve">Suboccipital – C1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_occipital_nerve" title="Greater occipital nerve">Greater occipital – C2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_occipital_nerve" title="Third occipital nerve">Third occipital – C3</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thoracic_nerves" class="mw-redirect" title="Thoracic nerves">Thoracic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thoracic_spinal_nerve_1" title="Thoracic spinal nerve 1">T1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoracic_spinal_nerve_2" title="Thoracic spinal nerve 2">T2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoracic_spinal_nerve_3" title="Thoracic spinal nerve 3">T3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoracic_spinal_nerve_4" title="Thoracic spinal nerve 4">T4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoracic_spinal_nerve_5" title="Thoracic spinal nerve 5">T5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoracic_spinal_nerve_6" title="Thoracic spinal nerve 6">T6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoracic_spinal_nerve_7" title="Thoracic spinal nerve 7">T7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoracic_spinal_nerve_8" title="Thoracic spinal nerve 8">T8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoracic_spinal_nerve_9" title="Thoracic spinal nerve 9">T9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoracic_spinal_nerve_10" title="Thoracic spinal nerve 10">T10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoracic_spinal_nerve_11" title="Thoracic spinal nerve 11">T11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoracic_spinal_nerve_12" title="Thoracic spinal nerve 12">T12</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>anterior</i> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Intercostal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercostobrachial_nerve" title="Intercostobrachial nerve">Intercostobrachial – T2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoraco-abdominal_nerves" title="Thoraco-abdominal nerves">Thoraco-abdominal nerves – T7–T11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subcostal_nerve" title="Subcostal nerve">Subcostal – T12</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>posterior</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_branches_of_thoracic_nerves" title="Posterior branches of thoracic nerves">Posterior branches of thoracic nerves</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lumbar_nerves" title="Lumbar nerves">Lumbar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lumbar_spinal_nerve_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumbar spinal nerve 1">L1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumbar_spinal_nerve_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumbar spinal nerve 2">L2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumbar_spinal_nerve_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumbar spinal nerve 3">L3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumbar_spinal_nerve_4" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumbar spinal nerve 4">L4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumbar_spinal_nerve_5" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumbar spinal nerve 5">L5</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>anterior</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lumbar_plexus" title="Lumbar plexus">Lumbar plexus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumbosacral_trunk" title="Lumbosacral trunk">Lumbosacral trunk</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>posterior</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_branches_of_the_lumbar_nerves" title="Posterior branches of the lumbar nerves">Posterior branches of the lumbar nerves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_cluneal_nerves" title="Superior cluneal nerves">Superior cluneal L1–L3</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sacral_nerves" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacral nerves">Sacral</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacral_spinal_nerve_1" title="Sacral spinal nerve 1">S1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacral_spinal_nerve_2" title="Sacral spinal nerve 2">S2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacral_spinal_nerve_3" title="Sacral spinal nerve 3">S3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacral_spinal_nerve_4" title="Sacral spinal nerve 4">S4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacral_spinal_nerve_5" title="Sacral spinal nerve 5">S5</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>anterior</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacral_plexus" title="Sacral plexus">Sacral plexus</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>posterior</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_branches_of_sacral_nerves" title="Posterior branches of sacral nerves">Posterior branches of sacral nerves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medial_cluneal_nerves" title="Medial cluneal nerves">Medial cluneal nerves</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coccygeal_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Coccygeal nerve">Coccygeal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>anterior</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coccygeal_plexus" title="Coccygeal plexus">Coccygeal plexus</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>posterior</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_branch_of_coccygeal_nerve" title="Posterior branch of coccygeal nerve">Posterior branch of coccygeal nerve</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style 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