Internet History Sourcebooks: Medieval Sourcebook

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class="level1Links" href="/Halsall/sbook1y.asp">Reformation</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/Halsall/sbook1z.asp">Exploration</a> <hr /> <a class="level1Links" href="/Halsall/thanks.asp">IHSP Credits</a> </td> </tr> </table></td> <td id="tbl_rightnav" valign="top"> <table border="0" align="center" cellpadding="12" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td> Internet Medieval Sourcebook Saints' Lives Editor: <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#127b7a616252747d60767a737f3c7776672d616770787771662f5f77767b7764737e32417d67607177707d7d79">Paul Halsall</a> The Internet Medieval Sourcebook is located at the <a href="https://www.fordham.edu/mvst/">Fordham University Center for Medieval Studies</a>. <hr /> <a name="index" id="index"></a>Guide to Contents The structure of this section of the Sourcebook is as follows. You can browse through the entire list, or jump directly to the part that interests you by selecting the underlined links. <ul> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="sbook.asp">Main Page</a> will take you back to Internet Medieval Sourcebook main page.</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="sbook1.asp">Selected Sources</a>  will take you to the index of selected and excerpted medieval sources.</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="sbook2.asp">Full Text Sources</a> will take you to the page on non-hagiographal full etexts.</li> </ul> <hr /> SAINTS' LIVES <ul> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="#int">Introduction</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="#web1">Web Sites for Hagiography</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="#nonc">Non-Christian Biography</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="#apos">I: Apostolic Era Saints</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="#ec1">II: Early Christian Martyrs</a>  <ul> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="#ec2">Latin and Greek Lives</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="#ec3">Syriac, Coptic and other Oriental</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="#military">Military Martyrs</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="#rise-west">Rise of the Cult of Saints in the West</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="#monks1">III: Early Monks [Eastern]</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="#pat1">IV: Patristic Era Saints</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="#byz1">V: Byzantine Saints</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="#west1">VI: Western Europe: Original Lives</a>  <ul> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="#earlymed">Early Middle Ages</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="#carolingian">Carolingian Era</a> (9th-10th Centuries)</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="#highmid">High Middle Ages</a> (11th-13th Centuries)</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="#latemid">Late Middle Ages</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="#PILGRIMAGE IN THE MIDDLE AGES">Pilgrimage in the Middle Ages</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="#MEDIEVAL CRITIQUES OF THE CULT OF SAINTS">Medieval Critiques of the Cult of Saints</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="#west2">VII: Western Europe: Latin/Vernacular Versions of Older Saints' Lives</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="#celt">VIII: Celtic Saints</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="#meta">IX: Metaphrastes and The Golden Legend</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="#pomed1">X: Post Medieval Saints</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="#modvit">XI: Modern Lives of Medieval Saints</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="#appI1">Appendix I: Aspects of Sainthood: Modern Discussions </a> </li> <ul> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="#appI2">Canonization</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="#appI3">Calendars</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="#appI4">History of Sainthood</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="#appI5">Relics</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="#appI6">Women and Sanctity</a> </li> </ul> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="#appII">Appendix II: Mystical Writings by, or Ascribed to, Saints</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="#appIII">Appendix III: Saintly Miscellany</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="#appIV">Appendix IV: Bibliographies</a> </li> </ul> <hr /> <a name="int" id="int"></a>Introduction Saints' lives are a major resource for anyone concerned with the history of the late ancient world, Byzantium, or the Latin Middle ages. Just as whole genres of ancient literature vanished or diminished, the genre of hagiography became a major form of literary production. Such saints' lives - or vitae - survive in astonishing numbers. Careful reading of them reveals, as one might expect, a great deal about the religious life of the periods that produced them. Frequently, however, such lives are also our best sources for basic social and cultural history. They provide information on, among other things:- details of daily life; food and drink; organization of local rural and urban society; the impact of commerce; gender relations; class relations; and even, on occasion, specific dates for military and political history. This page's goal is to present ancient, Byzantine, and medieval hagiographic original texts - in translation and otherwise - along with basic data on the cult of saints. Modern Christians, especially Orthodox Christians, still read such lives for their religious value. They will find some of these texts profitable for that goal. But the emphasis here is on the historical understanding of the texts and the cult of saints. [The word cult, by the way, is a technical term referring to the religious practices surrounding devotion to saints.] <a name="web1" id="web1"> </a>Web Sites for Hagiography</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">WEB <a href="https://www.bollandistes.org/the-bollandists/">Christian Hagiography</a> including <a href="https://www.bollandistes.org/research-center/useful-websites/">Guide to Useful Websites</a> [At Bollandists] The web site of the Bollandists, a society within the Jesuits which for three centuries has lead the way in the scientific investigation of hagiography and the cult of the saints. </li> <li class="H_body_text"> WEB <a href="https://the-orb.arlima.net/encyclop/religion/hagiography/hagindex.html">Hagiography Site</a> [At ORB archive] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319070934/http://the-orb.net/encyclop/religion/hagiography/hagindex.html">here</a>] Web site by Thomas Head (RIP) one of the leading experts on Western Hagiography. Excellent bibliographies, and an incipient encyclopedia of hagiography. </li> <li class="H_body_text"> WEB <a href="https://www.hagiographysourcebook.uni-kiel.de/">Hagiography Sourcebook</a> [At Univ.Kiel] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220621163114/http://www.hagiographysourcebook.uni-kiel.de/">here</a>] A list of websites rather than anything new at the actual site.</li> <li class="H_body_text">WEB <a href="http://csla.history.ox.ac.uk/">The Cult of Saints in Late Antiquity: from its origins to circa AD 700, across the entire Christian world</a> Database [At Oxford] The Cult of Saints in Late Antiquity (CSLA) database. The Cult of Saints in Late Antiquity database is making readily accessible and searchable as much as possible of the early evidence for the cult of Christian saints (up to around AD 700), with key texts presented in their original language, all with English translation and brief contextual commentary. Project funding ended on 31 December 2018, but the process of uploading, checking, editing, and releasing entries is continuing] </li> <li class="H_body_text">WEB <a href="https://www.doaks.org/research/byzantine/resources/hagiography/database/dohp.asp">Dumbarton Oaks Hagiography Database</a> [At Dumbarton Oaks] The online version of the Dumbarton Oaks Hagiography Database, originally released in 1998 as a set of floppy disks, has two sections. The introduction contains general information about the project and bio-bibliographical introductions to each of the saints of the eighth to tenth centuries included in the project. The database itself is divided into three sections: a list of saints, a list of authors, and a search of citations. The Greek texts that the database has been permitted to reproduce either in their entirety or in sections may be accessed through the saint list (entire texts) or search citations (partial texts).</li> <li class="H_body_text">WEB <a href="http://www.voskrese.info/spl/paleoindex.html">St. Pachomias Library</a> [Orthodox Christian Site]</li> <li class="H_body_text"> WEB <a href="https://www.heiligenlexikon.de/">Ökumenisches Heiligenlexikon [Ecumenical Lexicon of Saints]</a> A very valuable German-language website on the study of the saints. Among other resources it contains an digital version of the <a href="https://www.heiligenlexikon.de/Literatur/Baende_Acta_Sanctorum.html">Acta Sanctorum</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text">WEB <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210211200855/http://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/">The Military Martyrs</a> [Was at UCC.IE, now Internet Archive] A web site by David Woods focused on the military martyrs.</li> </ul> <a href="#index">Jump Back to Contents</a> <hr /> <a name="nonc" class="H_Subitle" id="nonc"></a>Non-Christian Biography Hagiography is not "biography" as such, but the genres clearly overlap. A number of classical authors wrote "lives" which greatly influenced later Christian hagiographical writings. Moreover, the accounts of the Jewish martyrs under the Seleucids provided important themes to Christian writers. <ul> <li> Philostratus: <a href="https://www.livius.org/sources/content/philostratus-life-of-apollonius/">Life of Apollonius of Tyana</a>, c. 220 CE [At Livius.org] Extended extracts from the Loeb version. The comparison with the Gospel is striking.</li> <li class="H_body_text">Diogenes Laërtius: <a href="/halsall/ancient/diogeneslaertius-book6-cynics.asp">The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers Book VI: The Cynics</a> [Antisthenes, Diogenes, Monimus, Onesicritus, Crates, Metrocles, Hipparchia, Menippus, Menedemus.]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Diogenes Laërtius: <a href="/halsall/ancient/diogeneslaertius-book7-stoics.asp">The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers: Book VII: The Stoics</a> [Zeno, Ariston, Herillus, Dionysius, Cleanthes, Sphaerus, Chrysippus] </li> <li class="H_body_text">Diogenes Laërtius:  <a href="/halsall/ancient/diogeneslaertius-sceptics.asp">The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers The Sceptics: Life of Pyrrho</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Plutarch (46-120 CE): <a href="http://gutenberg.org/etext/674">Parallel Lives</a>, (complete in English), Arthur Clough's translation. [At Project Gutenberg]. </li> <li class="H_body_text">Suetonius: <a href="ancient/suetonius-index.asp">Lives of the Caesars</a> [complete]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Suetonius: <a href="ancient/suet-viribus-rolfe.asp">De Viris Illustris</a>, c. 106-113 C.E.</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://jefferson.village.virginia.edu/anderson/">The Life of Adam and Eve: The Biblical Story in Judaism and Christianity</a>, [At Virginia] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210226184852/http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/anderson/">here</a> ] An extended web project on the text of the Vita of Adam and Eve on Latin, Greek, Armenian, Slavic, and Georgian, as well as discussion in medieval commentaries.</li> <li class="H_body_text">Fourth Book of Maccabees: <a href="source/macc4.asp">The Death of the Maccabees</a> circa. 63 BCE-70CE [RSV] This book is in an "Appendix" of Greek Orthodox Bibles (although not part of the Latin Church's deuterocanonica). Its account of the persecution the Maccabees influenced later martyrdom accounts in many ways. The Maccabees and their mother were celebrated as saints in Orthodox churches.</li> <li> St. Jerome: <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/2708.htm">De Viris Illustribus</a>, or On Illustrious Men [At New Advent][From Ante-Nicene and Nicene Fathers Series] Jerome discusses both pagan and Christian figures. He gives biographical information which is clearly distinct from hagiographic genres.</li> </ul> <a href="#index">Jump Back to Contents</a>  <hr /> <a name="apos" id="apos">I: Apostolic Era Saints</a>  <ul> <li class="H_body_text">St. Methodius Of Olympus: <a href="basis/simeon.asp">Oration Concerning Simeon and Anna On The Day That They Met in The Temple</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="source/acts6-8.asp">Martyrdom of Stephen</a>, in The Acts of the Apostles 6:1-8:2. The Deacon Stephen was the first Christian martyr. The short account of his death, with Saul of Tarsus watching is the lone martyrdom recorded in the New Testament.</li> <li> Gregory of Nyssa (c.335-d.c.395): <a href="https://www.lectio-divina.org/images/nyssa/Saint%20Stephen%20-%20Two%20Homilies.pdf">Two Homilies Concerning Stephen Protomartyr</a>, trans Casimir McCambly [At Lectio Divina] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211225033520/http://www.lectio-divina.org/images/nyssa/Saint%20Stephen%20-%20Two%20Homilies.pdf">here</a>]</li> <li>Ps-Linus <a href="https://www.tertullian.org/fathers/linus_01_peter.htm">Martyrdom of the Blessed Apostle Peter (Martyrium beati Petri apostoli a Lino conscriptum)</a>, trans Andrew Eastbourne [At Tertullian] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210601000000*/https://www.tertullian.org/fathers/linus_01_peter.htm">here</a>]</li> <li>Ps-Linus <a href="https://www.tertullian.org/fathers/linus_02_paul.htm">Martyrdom of the Apostle Paul (Martyrium Pauli apostoli a Lino conscriptum)</a>, trans Andrew Eastbourne [At Tertullian] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230000000000*/https://www.tertullian.org/fathers/linus_02_paul.htm">here</a>]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Ps.-Basil of Seleucia: <a href="http://andrewjacobs.org/translations/thecla.html">Life of Thecla</a> (c. 445 CE, Greek) [At Andree Jacobs] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210730185700/http://andrewjacobs.org/translations/thecla.html">here</a>]</li> </ul> The following texts - all accounts of the martyrdoms of the apostles - are apocryphal. See Vol. 8 of Ante-Nicene Fathers for further notes and details. <ul> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="basis/thecla.asp">Acts of Paul and Thecla</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0822.htm">Acts and Martyrdom of St. Matthew the Apostle</a> [At New Advent][From Ante-Nicene and Nicene Fathers Series] </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0819.htm">Acts and Martyrdom of the Holy Apostle Andrew</a> [At New Advent][From Ante-Nicene and Nicene Fathers Series] </li> <li> <a href="http://www.ccel.org/fathers2/ANF-08/anf08-96.htm">Acts of Andrew and Matthias</a> [At CCEL][From Ante-Nicene and Nicene Fathers Series] </li> <li> <a href="http://www.ccel.org/fathers2/ANF-08/anf08-97.htm">Acts of Peter and Andrew</a> [At CCEL][From Ante-Nicene and Nicene Fathers Series] </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0823.htm">Acts of the Holy Apostle Thomas</a> [At New Advent][From Ante-Nicene and Nicene Fathers Series] </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0825.htm">Martyrdom of the Holy and Glorious Apostle Bartholomew</a> [At New Advent][From Ante-Nicene and Nicene Fathers Series] </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0827.htm">Acts of the Holy Apostle and Evangelist, John the Theologian</a> [At New Advent][From Ante-Nicene and Nicene Fathers Series] </li> </ul> <a href="#index">Jump Back to Contents</a>  <hr /> <a name="ec1" id="ec1">II: Early Christian Martyrs</a>  <a name="ec2" id="ec2"></a>LATIN AND GREEK <ul> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="/halsall/basis/martyrdom-polycarp-lightfoot.asp">The Martyrdom of Polycarp</a>, 2nd century.  See also <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12219b.htm">Catholic Encyclopedia: POLYCARP, SAINT</a> One of the earliest surviving genuine passion accounts. Polykarp was a bishop of Smyrna and had known people who had known the apostles.</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0123.htm">Martyrdom of Ignatius of Antioch</a>, 2nd Century. [At New Advent] [From Ante-Nicene and Nicene Fathers Series]</li> <li class="H_body_text">John Chrysostom: <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/1905.htm">Homily on Ignatius of Antioch</a>. [At New Advent] [From Ante-Nicene and Nicene Fathers Series] The homily begins with a notable assertion of the equality of the sexes in sainthood.</li> <li class="H_body_text">John Chrysostom (c.347-407):  <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/1906.htm">Homily on Babylas</a> [At New Advent] [From Ante-Nicene and Nicene Fathers Series] </li>  <li> John Chrysostom (c.347-407): <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/1914.htm">On Eutropius the Eunuch, Patrician and Consul - Homily 1</a> and <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/1915.htm">Homily 2</a>  [At New Advent] </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://www.tertullian.org/fathers/passion_of_st_saturninus_02_text.htm">The Passion of St. Saturninus</a> and <a href="https://www.tertullian.org/fathers/passion_of_st_saturninus_01_intro.htm">Preface</a>, trans by Andrew Eastbourne [At Tertullian] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220703001112/https://www.tertullian.org/fathers/passion_of_st_saturninus_02_text.htm">here</a>]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Perpetua: <a href="source/perpetua.asp">The Passion of SS. Perpetua and Felicity</a>. The <a href="http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/perp.html">Latin Original</a> is available [At The Latin Library]  . See also <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06029a.htm">Catholic Encyclopedia: Sts. Felicitas and Perpretua</a>; and <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20001205133300/http://www.millersv.edu/~english/homepage/duncan/medfem/perpet.html">Peter Dronke's Discussion of Perpetua</a> [At Internet Archive, from Millersville] This text is composed, in part, of Perpetua's own account of her trial, and of her visions. It is thus among the earliest of all texts ascribed to a Christian woman. According to Thomas Heffernan [Sacred Biography, (New York: Oxford UP, 1988), 190] this text also sees the earliest use of the topos of Christ, the Bridegroom of the saint. Perpetua is "the wife (matrona) of Christ, the beloved of God" (17:2)</li> <li class="H_body_text">Eusebius: <a href="source/euseb-domnina.asp">Ecclesiastical History: Martyrdom of St. Domnina and Daughters</a>. [From Ante-Nicene and Nicene Fathers Series] A text, and a story, which has always been problematic - the saint and her daughters drown themselves rather than submit to rape.</li> <li class="H_body_text">Eusesbius: <a href="https://www.tertullian.org/fathers/eusebius_martyrs.htm">History of the Martyrs of Palestine</a> trans by William Cureton (1861) [At Tertullian] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220111092238/https://www.tertullian.org/fathers/eusebius_martyrs.htm">here</a>] </li> <li class="H_body_text">Eusesbius: <a href="https://www.tertullian.org/fathers/eusebius_encomium.htm">Encomium of the Martyrs </a>W. Wright, "The Encomium of the Martyrs," Journal of Sacred Literature, 4th series vol. 5 (1864), pp.403-408 (Syriac text with introduction by B.H.Cowper); 4th series vol. 6 (1864-5), pp.129-133 (English translation and introduction by B.H.COWPER) [At Tertullian] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210427072155/https://www.tertullian.org/fathers/eusebius_encomium.htm">here</a>] </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0133.htm">Martyrdom of Justin, Chariton, and other Roman Martyrs</a> [At New Advent] [From Ante-Nicene and Nicene Fathers Series] An account of a martyrdom drawn from the legal proceedings against the martyrs.</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="basis/xanthippe.asp">Acts of Xanthippe, Polyxena and Rebecca</a>. [From Ante-Nicene and Nicene Fathers Series] </li> <li class="H_body_text">The Persecution & Martyrdoms of Lyons In 177 A.D.: <a href="source/177-lyonsmartyrs.asp">The Letter of the Churches of Vienna and Lyons</a> to the Churches of Asia and Phrygia including the story of the Blessed Blandina. </li> <li> Gregory of Tours (539-594): <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20021212033002/http://www.sas.upenn.edu/~parment/polyeuktos.html">Polyeuktos the Martyr</a>, d. c. 259, from De gloria martyrum.. [Latin and English] [At Internet Archive, from Todd Parment's Polyeuktos page] The page also contains a <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20021212033002/http://www.sas.upenn.edu/~parment/polybiog.html">Latin Version</a> of his Martydom from Acta Sanctorum, February II, 651-52. Also available, via the link above, are a number of maps, diagrams, and pictures of the exacavation of the sixth-century Church of St. Polyeuktos in Constantinople.</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="basis/januarius.asp">Martyrdom of St. Januarius</a> As San Gennaro, the patron saint of Naples, and whose liquefying blood remains the occasion of intense concern. See also <a href="http://mikeepstein.net/path/janblood.html">Mike Epstein: Spectroscopy of the Januarius Blood</a> [At ASU]</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="source/scillitan-mart.asp">The Passion of the Scillitan Martyrs</a>. [From Ante-Nicene and Nicene Fathers Series]</li> <li> Gregory of Nyssa (c.335-d.c.395): <a href="https://www.lectio-divina.org/images/nyssa/The%20First%20Homily%20Concerning%20Forty%20Martyrs.pdf">The First Homily on the Forty Martyrs of Sebasteia</a>, trans Casimir McCambly, [At Lectio Divina] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200503070032/http://www.lectio-divina.org/images/nyssa/The%20First%20Homily%20Concerning%20Forty%20Martyrs.pdf">here</a>]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Leo I: <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/360385.htm">Sermon 85: On St Laurence</a>, [At New Advent] St. Laurence was broiled to death. Hence he became patron saint of cooks. [His churches typically have a griddle rather than a cross on top.]</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0858.htm">Martyrdom of the Holy Confessors Shamuna, Guria, and Habib</a>. [At New Advent] [From Ante-Nicene and Nicene Fathers Series] This is the version by Symeon Metaphrastes. </li> <li class="H_body_text">Pontius the Deacon: <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0505.htm">The Life and Passion of Cyprian</a>. [At New Advent] [From Ante-Nicene and Nicene Fathers Series]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Prudentius. <a href="http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/ElAnt/V1N4/baker.html">Peristephanon</a>. Book 3: Panting for God. [At Electronic Antiquity] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200320103226/https://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/ElAnt/V1N4/baker.html">here</a>] [ <a href="http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/prudentius/prud3.shtml">Complete text</a> available in Latin at The Latin Library]</li> </ul> <a name="ec3" class="H_Subitle" id="ec3"></a>SYRIAC, COPTIC and OTHER ORIENTAL <ul> <li> John of Ephesus,<a href="https://archive.org/details/john-of-ephesus-lives-eastern-saints/John_of_Ephesus_Lives_Eastern_Saints/">Lives of the Eastern Saints</a>. trans. E.W. Brooks, (Paris: Firmin-Didot et Cie, 1923-26) [Internet Archive]</li> <li>Severus, Bishop of Al-Ushmunain: <a href="http://voskrese.info/spl/patmark.html">Life of the Apostle and Evangelist Mark</a>, (Severus, fl. ca. AD 955 - 987), trans. from Arabic, [At St. Pachomius Library]</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0856.htm">Acts of Sharbil</a>. [At New Advent] [From Ante-Nicene and Nicene Fathers Series] </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="basis/habib.asp">Martyrdom of Habib</a> translated from Syriac</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0857.htm">Martyrdom of Habib the Deacon</a>. [At New Advent] [From Ante-Nicene and Nicene Fathers Series]</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0860.htm">Homily on Habib the Martyr</a>. [At New Advent] [From Ante-Nicene and Nicene Fathers Series] </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0861.htm">Homily on Guria and Shamuna</a>. [At New Advent] [From Ante-Nicene and Nicene Fathers Series] </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0859.htm">Moses of Chorene</a>. [At New Advent] [From Ante-Nicene and Nicene Fathers Series] </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0862.htm">Bardesan</a>. [At New Advent] [From Ante-Nicene and Nicene Fathers Series]</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0865.htm">The Martyrdom of Barsamya</a>. [At New Advent] [From Ante-Nicene and Nicene Fathers Series]</li> <li> <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0619.htm">The Genuine Acts of Peter of Alexandria</a>. [At New Advent] [From Ante-Nicene and Nicene Fathers Series]</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="basis/peteralex.asp">Martyrdom of Peter of Alexandria</a>, translated from Latin</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="basis/pelagia.asp">Martyrdom of St. Pelagia of Ceasarea</a>, translated from Ge'ez</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.281980/page/n67/mode/2up">Texts Relating to Saint Mena Of Egypt And Canons Of Nicaea</a>, trans. E.W. Budge. 1909 [Internet Archive]</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://archive.org/details/Saint.Michael.Coptic.Bohairic/page/n11/mode/2up">St Michael the Archangel</a>, Coptic texts, trans. E.W. Budge. 1894 [Internet Archive]</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://archive.org/details/stgeorge_20190327/page/n5/mode/2up">George of Lydda, the patron saint of England</a>, Ethiopic texts, trans. E.W. Budge. 1930 [Internet Archive]</li> <li class="H_body_text"> Ethiopian Synaxarion Notice: <a href="http://www.voskrese.info/spl/pisen.html">St. Pisentius of Qift</a>, trans. E.W. Budge., [At St. Pachomius Library]</li> </ul> <a name="military" id="military"></a>MILITARY MARTYRS <ul> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210506004308/http://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/Andrew.html">St. Andrew the General</a> [The Passion of St. Andrew the General (BHG 118)] [Was at Military Saints at UCC.IE, now Internet Archive]</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201210084029/https://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/Callistratus.html">St. Callistratus</a> [Was at Military Saints at UCC.IE, now Internet Archive] <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Armenian Passion of St. Callistratus <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201210084440/https://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/BHO185.html">BHO 185</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210125015114/http://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/Christopher.html">St. Christopher</a> [Was at Military Saints at UCC.IE, now Internet Archive] <ul> <li class="H_body_text">The Passion of St. Christopher <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201210084725/https://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/BHL1764.html">BHL 1764</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text">The Passion of St. Christopher <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201210083953/https://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/BHL1766.html">BHL 1766</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210228010246/http://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/chrsirish.html">Irish Passion</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201210084856/https://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/chrssrcs.html">Other Sources</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210301121900/http://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/Demetrius.html">St. Demetrius of Thessalonica</a> [Was at Military Saints at UCC.IE, now Internet Archive] <ul> <li class="H_body_text">The Passion (BHL 2122) and Miracles (BHL 2123) of St. Demetrius by Anastasius the Librarian <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210427064322/https://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/BHL2122.html">BHL 2122-23</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201210084915/https://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/Emeterius.html">Ss. Emeterius and Chelidonius</a> [Was at Military Saints at UCC.IE, now Internet Archive] <ul> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201210084122/https://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/emetsrcs.html">Other Sources</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201210084215/https://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/Fidelis.html">Ss. Fidelis, Exantus, and Carpophorus</a> [The Passion of Ss. Fidelis, Exantus, and Carpophorus (BHL 2922)][Was at Military Saints at UCC.IE, now Internet Archive]</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210330151040/http://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/Florianus.html">St. Florian</a> [Was at Military Saints at UCC.IE, now Internet Archive] <ul> <li class="H_body_text">The Passion of St. Florian <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210309121039/http://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/BHL3054.html">BHL 3054</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text">The Passion of St. Florian <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210309122123/http://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/BHL3058.html">BHL 3058</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210326074252/https://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/George.html">St. George</a> [Was at Military Saints at UCC.IE, now Internet Archive] <ul> <li class="H_body_text">The Passion of St. George <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210414124635/https://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/BHO310.html">BHO 310</a> (Translation from E.A.W. Budge (1888), 203-35)</li> <li class="H_body_text">The Passion of St. George <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210609023200/http://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/BHO316+318.html">BHO 316 + 318</a> (Translation from E.A.W. Budge (1888), 236-74)</li> <li class="H_body_text">The Encomium of  Abba Theodotus <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210609035054/http://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/BHO320.html">BHO 320</a> (Translation from E.A.W. Budge (1888), 274-331)</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210609175812/http://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/ethmirac.html">Ethiopic Miracles of St George</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210609082349/http://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/grkmirac.html">Greek Miracles of St George</a> translation is taken from Daniel J. Sahas, "What an Infidel Saw that a Faithful Did Not: Gregory Dekapolites (d. 842) and Islam", Greek Orthodox Theological Review 31 (1986), 47-67, by kind permission of the author. </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210505150313/http://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/imggrg.html">Images of St. George Throughout the Ages</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201210083909/https://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/Luxurius.html">St. Luxurius</a> [The Passion of Ss. Luxurius, Camerinus and Cisellus (BHL 5092)][Was at Military Saints at UCC.IE, now Internet Archive]</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126215019/http://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/Maurice.html">St. Maurice and the Theban Legion</a> [Was at Military Saints at UCC.IE, now Internet Archive] <ul> <li class="H_body_text">The Passion of St. Maurice and the Theban Legion <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201210084525/https://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/BHL5740.html">BHL 5740</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210410160820/http://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/Maximilian.html">St. Maximilian of Tebessa</a> [The Passion of St. Maximilian of Tebessa (BHL 5813)][Was at Military Saints at UCC.IE, now Internet Archive]</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210211319/http://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/Marcellus.html">St. Marcellus of Tingis</a> [The Passion of St. Marcellus (BHL 5255a)][Was at Military Saints at UCC.IE, now Internet Archive]</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210213214047/http://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/Menas.html">St. Menas</a> [Was at Military Saints at UCC.IE, now Internet Archive] <ul> <li class="H_body_text">The Passion of St. Menas of Cotyaeum <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201210084256/https://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/BHG1250.html">BHG 1250</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text">The Passion of St. Menas of Cotyaeum <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201210084305/https://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/BHO746.html">BHO 746</a> (Translation from E.A.W. Budge (1909), 44-58)</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201210084908/https://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/Ethsynax.html">Ethiopic Synaxarium</a> (Translation from E.A.W. Budge (1909), 39-43)</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201210084547/https://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/Coptencom.html">Coptic Encomium</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201210084731/https://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/Mercurius.html">St. Mercurius</a> [Was at Military Saints at UCC.IE, now Internet Archive] <ul> <li class="H_body_text">The Passion of St. Mercurius <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201210083853/https://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/BHG1274.html">BHG 1274</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201210083849/https://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/mercsrcs.html">Other Sources</a> [Malalas on Mercurius and the Emperor Julian "the Apostate"]</li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210125015111/http://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/Sergius.html">Ss. Sergius and Bacchus</a> [Was at Military Saints at UCC.IE, now Internet Archive] <ul> <li class="H_body_text">The Passion of St. Sergius and Bacchus <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201210084147/https://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/BHL7599.html">BHL 7599</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210224004755/http://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/sergsrcs.html">Other Sources</a></li> <li class="H_body_text">2ND David Woods: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210125194516/http://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/sergorig.html">The Origin of the Cult of SS. Sergius and Bacchus</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/user/scotts/ftp/wpaf2mc/serge.html">The Passion of Sergius and Bacchus</a>. [At CMU]  Translated by John Boswell from the Greek "Passio antiquior SS. Sergii et Bacchi Graece nunc primum edita," AnalBoll 14 (Brussels, 1895), 373-395. This text is apparently the Greek original of the Latin passion beginning "Imperante Maximiano tyranne, multus error hominum genus possederat," printed in the Acta sanctorum, October 7, 865-79. [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221204205232/http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/user/scotts/ftp/wpaf2mc/serge.html">here</a>]</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201210084106/https://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/Theagenes.html">St. Theagenes of Parium</a> [Was at Military Saints at UCC.IE, now Internet Archive] <ul> <li class="H_body_text">The Passion of St. Theagenes of Parium <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171119125712/https://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/BHG2416.html">BHG 2416</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text">The Passion of St. Theagenes <a href="hhttps://web.archive.org/web/20171119125702/https://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/BHL8106.html">BHL 8106</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text">The Passion of St. Theagenes <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171119125702/https://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/BHL8107.html">BHL 8107</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210227011039/http://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/Theodore.html">St. Theodore the Recruit</a> [Was at Military Saints at UCC.IE, now Internet Archive] <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Latin Passion: The Passion of St. Theodore the Recruit <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210301081228/http://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/BHL8077.html">BHL 8077</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210227051232/http://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/BHOThCopt.html">Coptic Passion</a>: The Passion of St. Theodore the General and St. Theodore the Eastern (Translation by Winstedt (1910), 73-133)]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Armenian Passion of St. Theodore the General <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210226201906/http://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/BHO1168.html">BHO 1168</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210228040314/http://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/theodsrcs.html">Other Sources</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> Gregory of Nyssa (c.335-d.c.395): <a href="https://www.lectio-divina.org/images/nyssa/In%20Praise%20of%20Blessed%20Theodore%20the%20Great%20Martyr.pdf">In Praise of Theodore, Great Martyr</a>, trans Casimir McCambly, [At Lectio Divina] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211225033456/http://www.lectio-divina.org/images/nyssa/In%20Praise%20of%20Blessed%20Theodore%20the%20Great%20Martyr.pdf">here</a>]</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201210084728/https://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/Typasius.html">St. Typasius the Veteran</a> [The Passion of St. Typasius (BHL 8354)] [Was at Military Saints at UCC.IE, now Internet Archive]</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201210084810/https://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/Varus.html">St. Varus</a> [Was at Military Saints at UCC.IE, now Internet Archive]</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201210084708/https://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/Victor.html">St. Victor of Milan</a> The Passion of St. Victor (BHL 8580)][Was at Military Saints at UCC.IE, now Internet Archive]</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171119112341/https://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/Gaza.html">The 60 Martys of Gaza</a> [Was at Military Saints at UCC.IE, now Internet Archive] <ul> <li class="H_body_text">The 60 Martyrs of Gaza <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171119125616/https://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/BHL5672m.html">BHL 576m</a></li> <li class="H_body_text">The 60 Martyrs of Gaza <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171119125617/https://www.ucc.ie/archive/milmart/BHL3053b.html">BHL 3053b</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <a name="rise-west" id="rise-west"></a>RISE OF THE CULT OF SAINTS IN THE WEST <ul> <li class="H_body_text">St. Jerome: <a href="source/jerome-againstvigilantius.asp">Against Vigilantius</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text">St. Ambrose of Milan: <a href="source/ambrose-letter22.asp">Letter 22: The Finding of SS. Gervasius and Protasius</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text">St. Ambrose of Milan (c.340-397): <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/340922.htm">Letter XXII: On the Finding of The Bodies of Gervasius and Protasius</a>, c. 439, [At New Advent]</li> <li class="H_body_text">St. Augustine: <a href="source/augustine-onthecareofthgedeadnpnf1-03-39.asp">On the Care to Be had for the Dead</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text">St. Augustine: <a href="source/augustine-cityofgod-22-9-10.asp">City of God: Book 22:8-10. On Miracles</a></li> <li class="H_body_text">2ND Edward Gibbon: <a href="source/gibbon-decline28.asp">The Destruction of Paganism and the Rise of the Cult of Saints</a> [Chapter XXVIII  of Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire] </li> <li class="H_body_text">2ND Hippolyte Delehaye: <a href="basis/delehaye-legends.asp">The Legends of the Saints: An Introduction to Hagiography</a> (1907) The full text of a classic work.</li> <li> WEB  <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080312041503/http://people.vanderbilt.edu/~james.p.burns/chroma/saints/saints.html">The Practice of Christianity in Roman Africa: The Cult of the Saints</a> [Was at Vanderbilt, now Internet Archive]</li> </ul> <a href="#index">Jump Back to Contents</a>  <hr /> <a name="monks1" id="monks1">III: Early Monks [Eastern]</a>  <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Athanasius of Alexandria: <a href="basis/vita-antony.asp">Life of Anthony</a>. [From Ante-Nicene and Nicene Fathers Series]. See also <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01553d.htm">Catholic Encyclopedia: St. Anthony</a> or <a href="http://www.ccel.org/a/athanasius/athanasius-EB.html">Encyclopeadia Britannica (11 ed): Athanasius</a> Just as the martyrdom of Polykarp is a model text for many other martyrdom accounts, the Life of Anthony provided a model for accounts of saints - later called confessors whose sanctity was manifested by a holy - usually monastic - life rather than by a heroic death for the faith.</li> <li class="H_body_text">St. Jerome: <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/3006.htm">The Life of Malchus, the Captive Monk</a> [At New Advent] [From Ante-Nicene and Nicene Fathers Series] </li> <li class="H_body_text">St. Jerome: <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/3003.htm">The Life of S. Hilarion</a> [At New Advent] [From Ante-Nicene and Nicene Fathers Series] </li> <li class="H_body_text">St. Jerome: <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/3008.htm">The Life of Paulus the First Hermit</a> [At New Advent] [From Ante-Nicene and Nicene Fathers Series] See also <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11591a.htm">Catholic Encyclopedia: PAUL THE SIMPLE, SAINT</a></li> <li> <a href="http://www.voskrese.info/spl/Xonofre.html">The Life of St. Onnophrios [Onophrius]</a>, trans. E.W. Budge., from a 10th century Coptic MS, [At St. Pachomius Library]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Palladius: <a href="basis/palladius-lausiac.asp">The Lausiac History</a> [extended excerpts] </li> <li class="H_body_text">Palladius: <a href="https://www.tertullian.org/fathers/palladius_lausiac_02_text.htm">The Lausiac History</a> with <a href="https://www.tertullian.org/fathers/palladius_lausiac_01_intro.htm">Introduction</a> trans W.K. Lowther Clarke (1918) [At Tertullian]</li> </ul> <a href="#index">Jump Back to Contents</a>  <hr /> <a name="pat1" id="pat1">IV: Patristic Era Saints</a>  <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Mark the Deacon: <a href="basis/porphyry.asp">Life of Porphyry of Gaza</a>, 5th Century. A fascinating account of the Christian destruction of Paganism in Gaza.</li> <li class="H_body_text">Gregory of Nyssa (c.335-d.c.395): <a href="basis/macrina.asp">Life of Macrina</a>, trans. W.K. Lowther Clarke. One of the most important lives of a female saint. This is an account of Gregory's strongminded sister, Macrina (c.327-379)</li> <li> <a href="https://www.lectio-divina.org/index.php/philosophical-essays?view=article&id=8">Gregory of Nyssa (c.335-d.c.395): Index</a>. [At Lectio Divina] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200503070032/https://www.lectio-divina.org/index.php/reflections/reflections-on-the-writings-of-gregory-of-nyssa">here</a>][See also <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07016a.htm">Catholic Encyclopedia: SAINT GREGORY OF NYSSA</a></li> <li> Gregory of Nyssa (c.335-d.c.395): <a href="https://www.lectio-divina.org/images/nyssa/Eulogy%20for%20Basil%20the%20Great.pdf">Eulogy for Basil The Great</a>, trans Casimir McCambly [At Lectio Divina] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200503070032/http://www.lectio-divina.org/images/nyssa/Eulogy%20for%20Basil%20the%20Great.pdf">here</a>]</li> <li>Gregory of Nyssa (c.335-d.c.395): <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/310243.htm">Panegyric for Basil The Great</a>, [At New Advent]</li> <li>Gregory of Nyssa (c.335-d.c.395): <a href="https://www.lectio-divina.org/images/nyssa/A%20Funeral%20Oration%20For%20The%20Empress%20Flacilla.pdf">Funeral Oration for the Empress Flaccilla</a>, trans Casimir McCambly [At Lectio Divina] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211225033445/http://www.lectio-divina.org/images/nyssa/A%20Funeral%20Oration%20For%20The%20Empress%20Flacilla.pdf">here</a>]</li> <li> Gregory of Nyssa (c.335-d.c.395): <a href="https://www.lectio-divina.org/images/nyssa/Funeral%20Oration%20for%20Bishop%20Meletius.pdf">Funeral Oration on Meletius</a>, trans Casimir McCambly [At Lectio Divina] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200503070032/http://www.lectio-divina.org/images/nyssa/Funeral%20Oration%20for%20Bishop%20Meletius.pdf">here</a>]</li> <li> Gregory of Nyssa (c.335-d.c.395): <a href="https://www.lectio-divina.org/images/nyssa/Gregory%20the%20Wonderworker.pdf">Life of Gregory the Wonderworker</a>, trans Casimir McCambly [At Lectio Divina] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211225033446/http://www.lectio-divina.org/images/nyssa/Gregory%20the%20Wonderworker.pdf">here</a>]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Gregory of Nyssa (c.335-d.c.395): <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/2909.htm">Funeral Oration on Meletius</a> [At New Advent] [From Ante-Nicene and Nicene Fathers Series] </li> <li class="H_body_text">Gregory Nazianzus: <a href="basis/gregnaz-athan.html">Oration 21: On Athanasius</a>  See <a href="http://biblestudy.churches.net/CCEL/A/ATHANASI/ATHANASI.HTM">Encyclopeadia Britannica (9th ed): Athanasius</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Gregory Nazianzus: <a href="basis/gregnaz-fathr.html">Oration 18: On His Father</a></li> <li class="H_body_text">Gregory Nazianzus: <a href="basis/gregnaz-gorgonia.html">Oration: On His Sister Gorgonia</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Gregory Nazianzus: <a href="basis/gregnaz-caesar.html">Oration 7: On His Brother Caesarius</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Palladius: <a href="https://www.tertullian.org/fathers/palladius_dialogus_02_text.htm">Dialogue on the life of St. John Chrysostom</a> with <a href="https://www.tertullian.org/fathers/palladius_dialogus_01_intro.htm">Introduction</a>, trans by Herbert Moore (1921) [At Tertullian]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Augustine of Hippo (354-430): <a href="https://ccel.org/ccel/augustine/confess/confess?queryID=23188588&resultID=1003">Confessions</a>, Trans Edward Pusey [From Ante-Nicene and Nicene Fathers Series][At CCEL]. The <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010801144309/http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/jod/latinconf/latinconf.html">Latin Text</a> is also online [At Internet Archive]. <a href="https://www.ccel.org/a/augustine/confessions/confessions.html">Oulter's Translation</a> is also available in PDF and format [At CCEL].</li> <li class="H_body_text">Augustine of Hippo (354-430): <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010407011117/http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/jod/Englishconfessions.html">Confessions</a> Trans Edward Pusey [At Internet Archive].</li> <li> Possidius: <a href="https://www.tertullian.org/fathers/possidius_life_of_augustine_02_text.htm">Life St. Augustine</a>, Full Text in English [At Tertullian]; A <a href="basis/possidgel.txt">machine translation</a> of the first 13 chapters is also available.</li> <li>Ps.-Amphilochius of Iconium: <a href="http://andrewjacobs.org/translations/amphilochius.html">On the Circumcision and Basil [BHG 262]</a>, trans. Andrew Jacobs (5th or 6th Cent) [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220101154915/http://andrewjacobs.org/translations/amphilochius.html">here</a>] </li> </ul> <a href="#index">Jump Back to Contents</a>  <hr /> <a name="byz1" id="byz1">V: Byzantine Saints</a>  <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Eusebius of Caesarea: <a href="basis/vita-constantine.asp">Life of the Blessed Emperor Constantine</a>, 4th Century [From Ante-Nicene and Nicene Fathers Series] The Emperor Constantine - who legalised Christianity - is a saint in the Orthodox church. This single act overcame, for later generations, his violent public and private life and death as an Arian.</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://www.roger-pearse.com/weblog/the-halkin-life-of-constantine-in-english/">Life of the Emperor Constantine the Great, Great among the Saints and the Equal of the Apostles</a> [Vita Constantini e cod. Patm. 179, s. XII-XIII, f.4-25 (BHG 365n)]. The ‘Halkin’ Life of Constantine in English translated by Mark Vermes. [At Roger Pearse] [Internet archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220810111157/https://www.roger-pearse.com/weblog/the-halkin-life-of-constantine-in-english/">here</a>]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Eusebius of Caesarea: <a href="basis/orat-constantine.asp">Oration in Praise of Constantine</a>, 4th Century [From Ante-Nicene and Nicene Fathers Series]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Evagrius Ponticus: <a href="source/evagrius-simeon.asp">St. Simeon Stylites</a> from Ecclesiastical History, I.13, </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="basis/dan-stylite.asp">The Life of Daniel the Stylite</a>, full text,, the fifth-century saint who spent 33 years on a pillar in Constantinople. See also <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14317b.htm">Catholic Encyclopedia: Stylites</a> The first and most famous "pillar saint" was St. Symeon Stylites. But Symeon's base was in Syria. Daniel, based in Constantinople, exercised enormous religious power. </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="basis/matrona.asp">Life of Matrona of Perge</a>, d.c. 510-515, trans Khalifa Ben Nasser, [full text of Metaphrastic Life: selections from Vita Prima], An example of a "transvestite" saint who was also a historical figure.</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="basis/theodore-sykeon.asp">The Life of Theodore of Sykeon</a>. This Life of seventh-century saint is a major source for Byzantine rural and social history, as well as about the development of the cult of saints. Theodore's devotion to St. George is especially noteworthy in this text. </li> <li class="H_body_text">Leontius: <a href="basis/john-almsgiver.asp">The Life of John the Almsgiver</a>, 7th Century. The 7th-century Patriarch of Alexandria just before the Arab Conquest was later taken as patron by the Order of knights Hospitallers. As such he was the only Byzantine era saint to achieve popularity in the Western middle ages. </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="source/683sixtymartyrs of gaza.asp">Passion of the Sixty Martyrs of Gaza at the Hands of the Saracens</a>, 17 Dec 638 CE, trans Kenneth Baxter Wolf and students.</li> <li class="H_body_text">John of Damascus: <a href="http://mcllibrary.org/Barlaam/">Barlaam and Ioasaph</a> Translation: G. Woodward & H. Mattingly [At OMACL] Also various formats <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/749">here</a> [at Project Gutenberg] The story is, in fact, a Christianization of the story of the Buddha, who lived about 500 years BCE. Josaphat is a Greek mis-rendition of the Sanskrit Bodhisattva - not so much a Byzantine saint, but a saint with a Byzantine vita. See also <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08459b.htm">Catholic Encyclopedia: John Damascene</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="basis/maryegypt.asp">Life of St. Mary of Egypt</a> from the Canon of St. Andrew of Crete. See also <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09763a.htm">Catholic Encyclopedia: Saint Mary of Egypt</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="basis/irene-chrysobalanton.asp">Life of Irene, Abbess of the Convent of Chrysobalanton</a>, trans. Jan Olof Rosenqvist</li> <li class="H_body_text">Lennart Rydén: <a href="http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A77234&dswid=-8888">The Life of St Andrew the Fool: Vol. 1: Introduction, Testimonies and Nachleben. Indices</a> [Internet Archive backup <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230505073705/http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:77234/FULLTEXT01.pdf">here</a>] and The Life of <a href="https://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A330672&dswid=-8875">St Andrew the Fool Vol. 2: Text, Translation and Notes. Appendices</a> [Internet Archive backup <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220114114922/http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:330672/FULLTEXT01.pdf">here</a>] full text [At Uppsala]</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="basis/maryyounger.asp">Life of Mary the Younger</a>, d.c. 903, trans Paul Halsall, [First five chapters, and concluding prayer]</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="Paul%20Halsall%20-%20Life%20of%20Thomais%20of%20Lesbos%20from%20Holy%20Women%20of%20Byzantium%20-%20Alice-Mary%20Talbot%20editor%201996.pdf">Life of St. Thomaïs of Lesbos</a> trans Paul Halsall (introduction and translation) in Holy Women of Byzantium: Ten Saints’ Lives in English Translation, edited by Alice-Mary Talbot, Washington: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1996. 291-322 [PDF]</li> <li><a href="basis/thomais-uni.asp">The Life of St. Thomaïs of Lesbos</a>, full text in Greek [Unicode] </li> <li> Nestor: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070727221807/http://www.dur.ac.uk/a.k.harrington/borigleb.html">The Martyrdom of Boris and Gleb</a>, d. 1015, [Was At Durham now Internet Archive] Important Russian saints.</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060107200916/http://www.doaks.org/Laz1.pdf">The Life of Lazaros of Mt. Galesion: An Eleventh-Century Pillar Saint</a>  [Was At DO now Internet Archive] A good part of the published translation. In PDF Format</li> <li class="H_body_text"> Gregory Palamas: <a href="http://sgpm.goarch.org/Monastery/index.php?p=2">On Unceasing Prayer</a>, from the Life of St. Gregory Palamas, Archbishop of Salonica, Wonderworker (this is taken from the comments of St. Nikodemos of the Holy Mountain, editor of the Philokalia) [At Palamas Page] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140814172733/https://sgpm.goarch.org/Monastery/?p=2">here</a>] </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="basis/nicholas-bari.asp">The Translation of Saint Nicholas from Myra to Bari [Greek Anonymous]</a>, 13th Century MS, The story of the sacred theft of the relics of St. Nicholas from Myra in 1087.</li> <li class="H_body_text">Gregory of Constantinople: <a href="basis/romylos.asp">Life of St. Romylos</a>, 14th Century</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140814172657/http://community.dur.ac.uk/a.k.harrington/sergrado.html">Life of Sergius of Radonezh</a> (c.1314-1392), f.d. Sept. 25 [Was At Durham, now Internet Archive]</li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080513194018/http://www.stmaryofegypt.org/kosmas/introduction.html">The Life of St. Kosmas Aitolos, with his Teaching and Letters</a>, 1714-1779. Trans by Nomikos Vaporis, [Was At St. Mary of Egypt now Internet Archive] This text has the Antisemitic aspects of Kosmos' life and works removed. </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://archive.org/details/talbot-holy-women-of-byzantium">Holy Women of Byzantium</a>: Ten Saints' Lives in English Translation, ed. Alice-Mary Talbot [At Internet Archive]  Complete texts of translations of female saints lives. The texts are all in a single PDF for the enitre vook or EPUB form. The former individual PDFs are no longer available. <ul> <li> Front Matter, General Introduction, Acknowledgemets, List of Abbreviations</li> <li class="H_body_text">A. Nuns Disguised as Monks <ul> <li> 1. Life of St. Mary/Marinos / translated by Nicholas Constas </li> <li> 2. Life of St. Matrona of Perge / Jeffrey Featherstone and Cyril Mango</li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">B. Female Solitaries <ul> <li> 3. Life of St. Mary of Egypt / Maria Kouli </li> <li> 4. Life of St. Theoktiste of Lesbos / Angela C. Hero</li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">C. Cenobitic Nuns <ul> <li> 5. Life of St. Elisabeth the Wonderworker / Valerie Karras </li> <li> 6. Life of St. Athanasia of Aegina / Lee Francis Sherry </li> <li> 7. Life of St. Theodora of Thessalonike / Alice-Mary Talbot </li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">D. Pious Housewives <ul> <li> 8. Life of St. Mary the Younger / Angeliki E. Laiou </li> <li> 9. Life of St. Thomaïs of Lesbos / Paul Halsall </li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text"> E. A Saintly Empress <ul> <li class="H_body_text">10. Life of St. Theodora of Arta / Alice-Mary Talbot </li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text"> Indexes / 122 k Index of People and Places; General Index; Index of Notable Greek Words</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <a href="#index">Jump Back to Contents</a>  <hr /> <a name="west1" class="H_Subitle" id="west1">VI: Western Europe: Original Lives</a>  <a name="earlymed" id="earlymed"></a>EARLY MEDIEVAL <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Sulpicius Severus (c.363-c.425): <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/3501.htm">Life of St. Martin of Tours</a>, [At New Advent] [From Ante-Nicene and Nicene Fathers Series], See also <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09732b.htm">Catholic Encyclopedia: Martin of Tours</a>. St Martin of Tours was one of the most universally celebrated saints in the Western Church.</li> <li class="H_body_text">Andre Mertens: <a href="https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/31144/1/637791.pdf">The Old English Lives of St Martin of Tours</a> Edition and Study (Published by Universitätsverlag Göttingen 2017 (Open Access)</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://carleton-wp-production.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/sites/83/2019/06/Liege_Miracle_of_St_Martin.pdf">Miracle of St Martin, Bishop of Tours</a>, trans. W.L. North from the edition of I.V.D.G. “Miraculum S. Martini Episcopi Turonensis.” Analecta Bollandiana 21 (1902): 403-404. [At Carleton] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230125114842/https://carleton-wp-production.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/sites/83/2019/06/Liege_Miracle_of_St_Martin.pdf">here</a>]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Eugippius (c. 460 –c. 535): <a href="https://www.tertullian.org/fathers/severinus_02_text.htm#LETTER%20OF%20EUGIPPIUS%20TO%20PASCHASIUS">Life of Saint Severinus of Noricum (c.410-482)</a>. [At Tertullian] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220627031655/https://www.tertullian.org/fathers/severinus_02_text.htm">here</a>]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Gregory I (Dialogos) (r.590-604): <a href="basis/g1-benedict1.html">Second Dialogue (Life of St. Benedict)</a>. [From Ante-Nicene and Nicene Fathers Series]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Gregory I (Dialogos) (r.590-604): <a href="basis/g1-schol1.html">Gregory I (Dialogos): Second Dialogue (Life of St. Scholastica)</a>. [From Ante-Nicene and Nicene Fathers Series]</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.umilta.net/gregory.html">The Most Ancient Life of St Gregory the Great</a>, by a monk or nun at Whitby, 713 [at Julian Site] [internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210425014121/http://www.umilta.net/gregory.html">here</a>]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Bede (673-735): <a href="source/bede-greggrea.asp">Gregory the Great</a>, from the Ecclesiastical History.</li> <li class="H_body_text">Bede (673-735), following Paulinus: <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Life_of_the_Holy_Confessor_Saint_Felix">The Life of the Holy Confessor Saint Felix</a>, trans J.A. Giles [Wikisource]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Dado of Rouen: <a href="basis/eligius.asp">The Life of Eligius</a>, 588-660, trans, Jo Ann McNamara.</li> <li class="H_body_text">Gregory of Tours (539-594): <a href="source/gregory-mirac.asp">Eight Books of Miracles</a>, Selections.</li> <li class="H_body_text">Gregory of Tours (539-594): <a href="source/gregory-stgall.asp">Gregory of Tours: Life of St. Gall</a>, from Lives of the Fathers</li> <li class="H_body_text">Bede (673-735): <a href="basis/bede-cuthbert.asp">The Life of Cuthbert</a>. Cuthbert was, for a short time, bishop of Lindesfarne. In death he became perhaps the most celebated saint in Northern England.</li> <li class="H_body_text">Bede (673-735): <a href="basis/bede-jarrow.asp">The Lives of the Abbots of Weremouth and Jarrow</a>. A series of very short lives. Bede here effectively provides a good deal of local history.</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://users.clas.ufl.edu//fcurta/Cyril.html">Slavonic Life of Constantine (Vita Constantini)</a> (late 9th Century) [At UFL] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200806193852/http://users.clas.ufl.edu//fcurta/Cyril.html">here</a>] Earliest text written in Old Church Slavoni, was composed some time between Constantine's death in 862 and December 885.</li> </ul> <a name="carolingian" id="carolingian"></a>CAROLINGIAN ERA (9th-10th Centuries) <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Huneberc of Heidenheim: <a href="basis/willibald.asp">The Hodoeporican of St. Willibald</a>, 8th Century</li> <li class="H_body_text">Huneberc of Heidenheim. <a href="source/huneberc.asp">Prologue to the Hodoeporicon of St. Willibald</a>. c. 750-75CE. Alternate trans. by Thomas Head </li> <li class="H_body_text">Willibald: <a href="basis/willibald-boniface.asp">The Life of St. Boniface</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="basis/boniface-letters.asp">The Correspondence of St. Boniface</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="source/boniface1.asp">Texts about St. Boniface</a>  See also <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02656a.htm">Catholic Encyclopedia: St Boniface</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Alcuin: <a href="basis/Alcuin-willbrord.asp">The Life of Willibrord</a>, c.796</li> <li class="H_body_text"> Alcuin: <a href="source/800vedastus.asp">The Life of St. Vedastus, bishop of Arras</a>, trans. Mark Lasnier, [Was At Mt. Holyoke now here]. <a href="http://www.vlib.us/medieval/lectures/vedastus.html">Commentary by Lynn Nelson</a> is also available.</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="source/8Cconversionofthebavarians-couser.asp">Die Conversio Bagoariorum et Carantanorum </a>(The Conversion of the Bavarians and Carantanians) inc. Life of St Rupert, trans. Jonathan Couser, late 8th/early 9th centuries.</li> <li><a href="https://archive.org/details/lifeofottoapostl00ebborich">The Life of Otto, apostle of Pomerania, 1060-1139</a>, by Ebo and Herbordus [tr. by] Charles H. Robinson, D. D. (London, Society for promoting Christian knowledge; New York, The Macmillan company, 1920.) [Internet Archive]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Eigil: <a href="basis/sturm.asp">Life of Sturm</a>, early 9th Century</li> <li class="H_body_text">Einhard: <a href="basis/einhard.html">The Life of Charlemagne</a> . The Latin text of the <a href="http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/ein.html">Vita Karoli Magni</a> is also available [At the Latin Library]. Charlemagne was celebrated as a saint, but this is not a saint's life in the usual meaning of the term. </li> <li class="H_body_text">Rudolf of Fulda: <a href="basis/leoba.asp">Life of Leoba</a>, c. 836</li> <li class="H_body_text">Rimbert: <a href="basis/anskar.asp">The Life of Anskar, the Apostle of the North</a>, 801-865. See also <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01544c.htm">Catholic Encyclopedia: St Anschar</a></li> <li class="H_body_text">Rimbert: <a href="https://archive.org/details/anskartheapostle00robiuoft/page/n23/mode/2up">The Life of Anskar, the Apostle of the North</a>, 801-865. PDF [Internet Archive]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Abbo of Fleury: <a href="source/870abbo-edmund.asp">The Martyrdom of St. Edmund, King of East Anglia</a>, 870, trans. Kenneth Cultler</li> <li class="H_body_text">Ælfric: <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Translation:St._Edmund,_King_and_Martyr">St. Edmund, King and Martyr</a> [Wikisource] </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="basis/liutberga.asp">The Life of Liutberga</a>, 9th Century, trans, Jo Ann McNamara.</li> <li class="H_body_text">Bertholdus of Micy.  <a href="source/berthold.asp">Life of St. Maximinus</a> excerpts on the story of the founding abbot of Micy, located near Orléans, composed in the early ninth century. Trans. by Thomas Head </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="basis/lebuin.asp">The Life of Lebuin</a>, 10th Century</li> <li class="H_body_text">Letaldus of Micy. <a href="source/charroux.asp">Journey of the Relics of St. Junianus</a>, including a description of the Peace Council of Charroux in 989. Trans. by Thomas Head</li> <li class="H_body_text">Ademar of Chabanne's <a href="source/ademar.asp">Chronicle: Discovery of the Head of John the Baptist</a>, 1016. trans. by Thomas Head </li> <li class="H_body_text">Andrew of Fleury. <a href="source/bourges.asp">Miracles of St. Benedict</a><a href="http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/~tfhead/texts/bourges.html">.</a> Trans. by Thomas Head [At ORB] A description of the Peace League of Bourges and its campaign in 1038.</li> <li class="H_body_text">Anonymous.  <a href="source/nicopol.asp">Life of St. Gregory of Nicopolis</a>. Excerpts on his burial, Early 11th Cent. trans. by Thomas Head [At ORB]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Ebo (d. 1163): <a href="https://archive.org/details/lifeofottoapostl0000ebbo/page/n7/mode/2up">The Life of Otto, Apostle of Pomerania, Bishop of Bamberg</a> (1060-1139), trabs Charles H. Robinson [At Internet Archive]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Peter Damian. <a href="source/romuald.asp">Life of Romuald</a>. excerpts on his relics. Late 11th Cent. trans. by Thomas Head [At ORB]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Hugh of Fleury. <a href="source/sacerdos.asp">Life, Translation, and Miracles of St. Sacerdos: Prologue</a>, Trans. by Thomas Head [At ORB] Discussing his methodology as a hagiographer and historian reconstructing the life of a long dead saint.</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050307183523/http://www.humnet.ucla.edu/santiago/leyenda1.html">Leyenda de Santiago</a> (translated by William Granger Ryan).[Was At UCLA now Internet Archive]</li> </ul> <a name="highmid" id="highmid"></a>HIGH MIDDLE AGES (11th-13th Centuries) <ul> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="source/st_robert.asp">Two Lives of SS. Rupert (Robert), Apostle to Austria, and Erenruda (Erentraud)</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Ailnoth of Canterbury (12th Century): <a href="source/ailnoth-cnut.asp">The Deeds of King Svend-Magnus and his Sons and the Passion of the Most Glorious Cnut, King and Martyr</a> (Gesta Swenomagni regis et filiorum eius et passio gloriosissimi Canuti regis et martyris), trans Laura Gazzoli</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="source/12Cknut-laward-monkandbird.asp">The Fable of the Monk and the Bird</a>, 12/13th Century AD from Knud Laward (Kiel University S.H. 8A 8) [with his advanced Latin class students]</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="source/1025burchard-vita.html">The Life of Burchard Bishop of Worms</a>, trans. William North, 1025 The famous canonist was also a saint (with a limited cult, but a feast day of August 20th).</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Text%20Series/Historia%26Passio.pdf">A History of Norway and the Passion and Miracles of the Blessed Óláf</a>r, trans. Devra Kunin and Carl Phelpstead, transls, (London: Viking Society for Northern Research, 2001) [At VNSRweb] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220426180137/http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Text%20Series/Historia%26Passio.pdf">here</a>]</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-EE-00003-00059/1">The Life of King Edward the Confessor</a>. [At Cambridge] Visual presentation of Cambridge University Library MS. Ee.3.59 which "contains the only copy of an illustrated Anglo-Norman verse Life of St Edward the Confessor, written in England probably in the later 1230s or early 1240s, and preserved in this manuscript, executed c. 1250-60. </li> <li class="H_body_text">Turgot, Bishop of St Andrews (d.1115): <a href="https://archive.org/details/lifeofstmargaret00turguoft">Life of St Margart, Queen of Scotland</a>, trans 1884, full text [Internet Archive]</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="source/1192isidro.asp">The Life of San Isidro of Madrid (d. pre-1192)</a>, trans Kenneth Baxter Wolf</li> <li class="H_body_text">Reginald of Durham: <a href="source/goderic.asp">Life of St. Goderic</a>, a 12th century merchant.</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="source/1150bernard-2accs.html">Two Accounts of the Early Career of St. Bernard</a>, c. 1150 Contains excerpts from William of St. Thierry: Life of St. Bernard, c. 1140, and The Acta Sanctorum of Arnold of Bonneval & Geoffrey of Clairvaux, c. 1153 </li> <li class="H_body_text">St. Bernard of Clairvaux (1090-1153): <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/25761">Life of St. Malachy of Armagh</a> (1094-1148), trans Hugh Jackson Lawlor (1920) [At Project Gutenberg]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Edward Grim: <a href="source/Grim-becket.asp">The Murder of Becket, Dec. 29, 1170</a> from Vita S. Thomae, Cantuariensis Archepiscopi et Martyris trans. Dawn Marie Hayes [<a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="a4c0c9d794929497e4cdd7968acaddd18ac1c0d1">[email protected]</a>], See also <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14676a.htm">Catholic Encyclopedia: Thomas Becket</a></li> <li class="H_body_text">Thomas of Monmouth: <a href="source/1173williamnorwich.html">The Life and Miracles of St. William of Norwich</a>, 1144, excerpts. One of the major accusations against Jews of the charge that they killed Christian children. This blood-libel was the center of a number of saint's cults.</li> <li class="H_body_text">Bishop Hartvic: <a href="http://users.clas.ufl.edu/fcurta/hartvic.html">The Life of King Stephen of Hungary</a>, was written under King Coloman (1096-1116) [At UFL] [Internet Acrhive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200806181616/http://users.clas.ufl.edu/fcurta/hartvic.html">here</a>]</li> <li class="H_body_text"> Rufino: <a href="source/1200raymondthepalmer.asp">The Life of Raymond "the Palmer" of Piacenza</a> d. 1200, trans Kenneth Baxter Wolf</li> <li class="H_body_text">St. Francis <ul> <li class="H_body_text">WEB <a href="https://franciscan-archive.org/index2.html">The Francisan Archive</a> [Archive version <a href="https://archive.ph/0tRTG">here</a>]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Thomas of Celano (c 1185 - c 1265): <a href="source/stfran-lives.asp">Two Lives of St. Francis</a>. See also <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06221a.htm">Catholic Encyclopedia: St. Francis of AssisiI</a> and <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14694a.htm">Catholic Encyclopedia: Thomas of Celano</a></li> <li class="H_body_text">Thomas of Celano (c 1185 - c 1265): <a href="https://dmdhist.sitehost.iu.edu/francis.htm">The First Life of St. Francis</a>. [At Indiana University] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210410120256/https://dmdhist.sitehost.iu.edu/francis.htm">here</a>]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Brother Ugolino: <a href="https://ccel.org/ccel/ugolino/flowers/flowers.">The Little Flowers of St. Francis</a>. [At CCEL] </li> <li class="H_body_text"> Jacobus de Voragine: <a href="http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/voragine/fran.shtml">St. Francis</a>, in Latin [At The Latin Library] </li> <li class="H_body_text">Gregory IX: <a href="https://www.ewtn.com/catholicism/library/bull-of-canonization-of-st-francis-of-assisimira-circa-nos-7860">Bull Mira Circa Nos</a>, July 16, 1228 [At EWTN] The papal bull which canonized St. Francis of Assisi.</li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">St. Dominic <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Dominican Order: <a href="http://domcentral.org/trad/brethren/default.htm">The Lives of the Brethren of the Order of Preachers</a>, 1206-59 [At Dominican Central] <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Part I: <a href="http://domcentral.org/trad/brethren/breth01.htm">The Foundation of the Order of Preachers</a></li> <li class="H_body_text">Part II: <a href="http://domcentral.org/trad/brethren/breth02.htm">The Legend of St. Dominic</a></li> <li class="H_body_text">Part III: <a href="http://domcentral.org/trad/brethren/breth03.htm">The Legend of St. Dominic</a> by Blessed Cecilia Cesarine, O.S.B.</li> <li class="H_body_text">Part IV: <a href="http://domcentral.org/trad/brethren/breth04.htm">The Legend of the Blessed Jordan of Saxony</a></li> <li class="H_body_text">Part V: <a href="http://domcentral.org/trad/brethren/breth05.htm">The Progress of the Order</a></li> <li class="H_body_text">Part VI: <a href="http://domcentral.org/trad/brethren/breth06.htm">Departure of the Brethren out of this World</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">St. Dominic: <a href="http://domcentral.org/trad/domdocs/default.htm">Biographical Documents</a>, edited with an Introduction By Francis C. Lehner, O.P. [At Dominican Central]  <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Blessed Jordan - <a href="http://domcentral.org/trad/domdocs/0001.htm">Libellus</a>  </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://domcentral.org/trad/domdocs/0002.htm">Letters of St. Dominic</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://domcentral.org/trad/domdocs/0003.htm">Bologna Canonization Process</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://domcentral.org/trad/domdocs/0004.htm">Toulouse Canonization Process</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://domcentral.org/trad/domdocs/0005.htm">Nine Ways of Prayer</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://domcentral.org/trad/domdocs/0006.htm">Miracles of St. Dominic</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://domcentral.org/trad/domdocs/0007.htm">Bull of Canonization</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://domcentral.org/trad/domdocs/0008.htm">Prayer to St. Dominic</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://domcentral.org/trad/domdocs/0009.htm">Bulls of Approbation</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://domcentral.org/trad/domdocs/0010.htm">Jordan Of Saxony - Letter</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://domcentral.org/trad/domdocs/0011.htm">Primitive Constitutions</a>  </li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Jordan of Saxony: <a href="basis/jordan-french.txt">Livret sur les orignes de l'Ordre des Prêcheurs</a> [text file] d'après la traduction du frère Marie-Humbert Vicaire, o.p., parue dans l'ouvrage Saint Dominique et ses frères. Évangile ou croisade, coll. Chrétiens de tous les temps, n° 19, (Paris : éditions du Cerf, 1967). [In French] . See also <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05106a.htm">Catholic Encyclopedia: St. Dominic</a>.</li> <li class="H_body_text">Jordan of Saxony: <a href="basis/jordansax1.asp">Handbook on the Origins of the Order of Preachers</a>, a machine translation of the previous item.</li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Jean de Joinville: <a href="basis/joinville.asp">Memoirs of St. Louis</a> Not exactly hagiography, but the life of King Louis IXas a pious man.</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="source/1218zita.asp">Life of St Zita of Lucca</a> (c.1218-78), trans Kenneth Baxter Wolf. </li> <li class="H_body_text">Fra Giovanni di Coppo, <a href="https://archive.org/details/legendholyfinav00mansgoog">The Legend of the Holy Fina, Virgin of Santo Gimignano</a>. and <a href="https://archive.org/details/legendofholyfina00joan/page/n7/mode/2up">here</a> trans Mildred Mansield 1908 [At Internet Archive]</li> <li>Jacques De Vitry:<a href="http://www.umilta.net/MarieOignes.html"> Life of Mary of Oignies</a> in Latin [At Umilta] </li> <li class="H_body_text">Jacques De Vitry: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000410125103/http://www.peregrina.com/matrologia/Marie1.html">Life of Mary of Oignies</a>, full text in Latin, ed. Margot King [Was At Peregrina Press's Matrologia Latina site now Internet Archive]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Thomas de Cantimpré: <a href="http://www.intratext.com/IXT/LAT0712/_INDEX.HTM">Vita Lutgardis Virgine in Aquiriae Brabantia</a> in Latin, [At Intratext] and <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010415163837/http://peregrina.com/matrologia/lutgard1.html">Liber I</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010418200936/http://peregrina.com/matrologia/lutgard2.html">Liber II</a> and <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010421011252/http://www.peregrina.com/matrologia/lutgard3.html">Liber III</a> in Latin [Was At Peregrina Press's Matrologia Latina site now Internet Archive] Lutgard was born at Tongres in 1182. D, at Aywieres, 1246. Feast. June 16. She was a mystic, and, for the last eleven years of her life, blind. [DOS] </li> </ul> <a name="latemid" id="latemid"></a>LATE MIDDLE AGES <ul> <li class="H_body_text">John Lydgate: <a href="https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/john-lydgates-the-lives-of-saints-edmund-and-fremund">The Lives of Ss. Edmund and Fremund</a>, 15th century, [British Library] </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060908081719/http://english.cua.edu/faculty/scrope.htm">Archbishop Richard le Scrope</a>, d. 1405. [Was At CUA now Internet Archive] [This page has been created not only as an archive of textual and pictorial materials pertaining to Archbishop Scrope, but also as an experiment to see how emerging technologies might serve the purposes of interdisciplinary projects in medieval studies. In short, Hyper/Hagiography is intended as a model of one way in which students of ecclesiastical, political, and literary history might developinterdisciplinary hypermedia sites relevant to their own research interests.] </li> <li class="H_body_text">St. Bridget of Sweden: <a href="basis/bridget-tractatus.asp">Revelations to the Popes</a>, d. 1373, Latin edition by Arne Jönsson, [and <a href="basis/bridget-tractatus.doc">Microsoft Word</a> Version],   </li> <li> Heliga Birgittas: <a href="http://spraakdata.gu.se/ktext/birg1.html">Uppenbarelser</a>, [Revelations of St. Bridget], in Swedish [At Göteborg University]</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://www.ccel.org/ccel/catherine_g/life.html">The Life and Doctrine of Saint Catherine of Genoa</a> [At CCEL] Includes a Life, The Spiritual Dialogue, and Treatise on Purgatory, all from a 1874, 1907 English version. It is unclear from the etext if this Life is a translation of the Libro de la vita mirabile e dottrina santa de la beta Caterinetta da Genoa, or a modern work. </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="basis/joanofarc-trial.asp">Transcript of Trial of Joan of Arc</a>, 1431 Joan was not canonized until the 20th century.</li> <li class="H_body_text">Sieur Louis de Conte: <a href="basis/conte-joanofarc.asp">Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc</a> [in fact, a fictional account by Mark Twain]</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="source/rinn.asp">Image and Story of Anderl von Rinn: A Blood Libel Saint</a>, supposedly 1462, but the cult is 17th-century.</li> <li class="H_body_text">A Legend of the Austrian Tyrol: <a href="/halsall/mod/kummernis.asp">St. Kümmernis</a> A female saint who grows a beard (a variant of the St Liberata, St. Uncumber, St Wilgefortis legends.)</li> <li class="H_body_text"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160711105003/http://community.dur.ac.uk/a.k.harrington/sergrado.html">Life, Acts, and Miracles of Sergius of Radonezh</a>, (c.1314-1392). [Was At Univ.Durham, now at Internet Archive]</li> </ul> <a name="PILGRIMAGE IN THE MIDDLE AGES" id="PILGRIMAGE IN THE MIDDLE AGES"></a>PILGRIMAGE IN THE MIDDLE AGES <ul> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180216162435/http://www.christusrex.org/www1/ofm/pilgr/bord/10Bord01MapEur.html">The Itinerary of the Anonymous Pilgrim of Bordeaux</a> (Itinerarium Burdigalense) - 333 CE. [At Internet Archive, was at Christus Rex] </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://andrewjacobs.org/translations/bordeaux.html">Bordeaux Pilgrim</a> 333 CE, Latin [At Andrew Jacobs] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210515005443/http://andrewjacobs.org/translations/bordeaux.html">here</a>]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Egeria: <a href="http://users.ox.ac.uk/~mikef/durham/egetra.html">Description of the Liturgical Year in Jerusalem: Translation</a> 4th Century [At Oxford] </li> <li class="H_body_text">Egeria: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320182011/https://www.yale.edu/adhoc/research_resources/liturgy/s_egeria.html">Travelogue</a>, Translated by M.L. McClure, The Pilgrimage of Etheria, (New York, 1915) [At Internet Archive, was at Yale]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Egeria: <a href="http://www.ccel.org/m/mcclure/etheria/etheria.htm">The Pilgrimage of Etheria</a>, ed. and trans M.L. McClure and C. L. Feltoe, London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1919. [At CCEL]</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://andrewjacobs.org/translations/piacenzapilgrim.html">Piacenza Pilgrim</a>, 570 CE, Latin [At Andrew Jacobs] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210515022339/http://andrewjacobs.org/translations/piacenzapilgrim.html">here</a>]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Sophronius Patriarch of Jerusalem. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060208113057/http://www.christusrex.org/www1/ofm/pilgr/sophr/Sophr10MapIntro.html">Two Poems on the Holy City</a> (Anacreontica XIX and XX) - ca. 600 A.D. [Was At Christus Rex now Internet Archive] </li> <li class="H_body_text"> Arculf, as related by Saint Adamnan (c.624 - September 23, 704 CE): <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070609102109/http://chass.colostate-pueblo.edu/history/seminar/arculf/arculfus.htm">De Locis Sanctis</a> (On the Holy Land), 670 CE  [At Internet Archive was at Traveling to Jerusalem/U Sth Colorado] A description of the East told to him by a Frank bishop Arculf, whose ship was driven ashore near Iona on the way back from Jerusalem.</li> <li class="H_body_text">Bede. <a href="/halsall/basis/bede-book5.asp">Ecclesiastical History of the English People</a>, Book V [Chapters 15-17 summarize Adamnan's Locis Sanctis]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Huneberc of Heidenheim: <a href="/halsall/basis/willibald.asp">The Hodoeporican of St. Willibald</a>, 8th Century The Hodoeporicon is the only narrative extant of a pilgrimage to the Holy Land in the eighth century, forming a bridge between the works of Adaman/Arculf (670). </li> <li class="H_body_text">Rimbert: <a href="/halsall/basis/anskar.asp">The Life of Anskar, the Apostle of the North</a>, 801-865</li> <li class="H_body_text">Nasir-i-Khusraw (1046-1052): <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070609102109/http://chass.colostate-pueblo.edu/history/seminar/khusraw.htm">Book of Travels</a> (Safarnama) [At Internet Archive was at Traveling to Jerusalem/U Sth Colorado]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Anonymous. <a href="source/henry.asp">A Miracle of St. Maximinus</a>, c. 1050-75. Trans. by Thomas Head Description of the pilgrimage and miraculous cure of a single individual.</li> <li class="H_body_text"> Daniel (1106-1107): <a href="http://www.holyfire.org/eng/doc_Daniil.htm">The Pilgrimage of the Russian Abbot Daniel in the Holy Land, 1106-1107 A.D</a>., annotated by Sir C. W.Wislon (London, 1895) [At Holy Fire]</li> <li class="H_body_text">John of Plano Carpini: <a href="http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/texts/carpini.html">The Journey of Friar John of Plano de Carpini</a> (1245-1247)</li> <li class="H_body_text">Margery Kempe: <a href="http://www.luminarium.org/medlit/kempe4.htm">The Book of Margery Kempe: Pilgrimage to Jerusalem</a>. excerpts.[At luminarium.org] </li> <li class="H_body_text">Anonymous:  <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070609102109/http://chass.colostate-pueblo.edu/history/seminar/anonymous.htm">Guide-book to Palestine</a>. (c. 1350). Translated by. J. H. Barnard. London: Palestine Pilgrims Text Society, 1894.  [At Internet Archive was at Traveling to Jerusalem/U Sth Colorado]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Geoffrey Chaucer (c.1340-1400): <a href="source/chaucer-prol.txt">Prologue to the Canterbury Tales</a>, text file in original language. The stories revolve around a pilgrimage to Canterbury.</li> <li class="H_body_text">Geoffrey Chaucer (c.1340-1400): <a href="source/CT-prolog-para.asp">Canterbury Tales: The Prologue [Parallel Texts] </a>, [uses Tables], (c.1380)</li> <li class="H_body_text">Margery Kempe (1413-1415): <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070609102109/http://chass.colostate-pueblo.edu/history/seminar/kempe.htm">Book of Margery Kempe</a>. (Text--Butler-Bowden translation of Chapter 26-34, 37-41)[At Internet Archive was at Traveling to Jerusalem/U Sth Colorado]</li> <li class="H_body_text">John Poloner (1422): <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070609102109/http://chass.colostate-pueblo.edu/history/seminar/poloner/poloner1.htm">Description of the Holy Land</a> (c. 1421), based on the translation of Aubrey Stewart from the Tobler text. London, 1894. [At Internet Archive was at Traveling to Jerusalem/U Sth Colorado] </li> <li class="H_body_text">Felix Fabri (1480 & 1483-84): <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070609102109/http://chass.colostate-pueblo.edu/history/seminar/fabri.htm">The Book of the Wanderings of Felix Fabri</a> (Circa 1480-1483 A.D.) trans. Aubrey Stewart. 2 vols. London: Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society, 1896 [At Internet Archive was at Traveling to Jerusalem/U Sth Colorado] </li> <li class="H_body_text">Pietro Casola (1494): <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070609102109/http://chass.colostate-pueblo.edu/history/seminar/casola.htm">Canon Pietro Casola's Pilgrimage to Jerusalem in the Year 1494</a>. trans. Mary Margaret Newett. Manchester: The University Press, 1907. [At Internet Archive was at Traveling to Jerusalem/U Sth Colorado]</li> <li class="H_body_text">WEB <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070609102109/http://chass.colostate-pueblo.edu/history/seminar/seminar97.html">Traveling to Jerusalem</a> [At Internet Archive was at Traveling to Jerusalem/U Sth Colorado] A great site that focuses on vistors' accounts of Jerusalem. Includes many of the texts published by the Palestine Pilgrims Text Society. </li> </ul> <a name="MEDIEVAL CRITIQUES OF THE CULT OF SAINTS" id="MEDIEVAL CRITIQUES OF THE CULT OF SAINTS"></a>MEDIEVAL CRITIQUES OF THE CULT OF SAINTS <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Amulo of Lyon. <a href="source/amulo.asp">Letter on the Misuse of Relics in Dijon</a>. mid-9th Century. Trans. by Thomas Head </li> <li class="H_body_text">Claudius of Turin. <a href="source/claudius.asp">Apology: An Attack on Veneration of Relics</a>. 8-9th Cent. Trans. by Thomas Head </li> <li class="H_body_text">Guibert of Nogent (1053-1124): <a href="source/nogent-relics.asp">from Treatise on Relics</a>.</li> <li class="H_body_text">Guibert of Nogent. <a href="source/guibert.asp">On the Relics of the Saints: Book I</a>, 11th Cent. Trans. by Thomas Head </li> <li class="H_body_text">Stephen de Bourbon: <a href="source/guinefort.asp">De Supersticione: On St Guinefort</a> The basis of the film <a href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0093556/">The Sorceress</a> (1987)about a sainted dog. Based on the tradition of St. Christopher as being "dog-faced". </li> </ul> <a href="#index">Jump Back to Contents</a>  <hr /> <a name="west2" id="west2">VII: Western Europe: Latin/Vernacular Versions of Older Saints' Lives</a>  <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Chardri: <a href="basis/7sleepers.asp">The Seven Sleepers of Ephesus</a>, a translation by Tony Devaney Morinelli of an Anglo-Norman version of the Seven Sleepers legend. </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="basis/julian.asp">The Life of Julian the Hospitaller</a>, a translation by Tony Devaney Morinelli of the Medieval French verse version. </li> <li> Thomas de Cantimpré: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050216055405/http://www.peregrina.com/matrologia_latina/Christina_L.html">The Life of Christina Mirabilis</a>, in Latin, [Was At Peregrina Press's Matrologia Latina site, now Internet Archive]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Theodoric of St. Eucharius. <a href="source/celsus.asp">Discovery of the Relics of St. Celsus in Trier in 978</a>, excerpts. Trans. by Thomas Head </li> <li> Jacobus de Voragine/William Caxton: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060505181652/http://www.catholic-forum.com/SAINTS/golden314.htm">The Life of Saint Cecilia</a>. trans by Caxton (1483) from Jacobus de Voragine: Golden Legend. [Was at Catholic Forum, now Internet Archive] Cecilia is the Patron saint of music in the west.</li> <li> Geoffrey Chaucer (c.1340-1400): <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110928083548/http://www.umm.maine.edu/faculty/necastro/chaucer/translation/ct/22snt.html">The Life of Saint Cecilia (The Second Nun's Tale)</a>, c. 1380, [Modernized English, At Internet Archive]. The original <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200705213703/http://sites.fas.harvard.edu/~chaucer/teachslf/snt-par.htm">Middle English interleaved with Modern English Translation</a> is also available [At Internet Archive]. Chaucer's account is based on the Golden Legend. </li> </ul> <a href="#index">Jump Back to Contents</a>  <hr /> <a name="celt" id="celt">VIII: Celtic Saints (Irish and Scottish)</a>  <ul> <li> WEB  <a href="http://www.ucc.ie/celt/irlpage.html">Celt: Irish Texts Page</a>. The CELT Corpus of Electronic Texts at UCC, contains a number of hagiographical texts in Irish Gaelic [with translations into English where indicated] <ul> <li class="H_body_text"> <a href="https://celt.ucc.ie/published/G201000/index.html">Bethada Náem nÉrenn: Lives of the Irish Saints</a> (<a href="https://celt.ucc.ie/published/T201000G/index.html">translation (in part)</a> also available)</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://celt.ucc.ie/published/G201001/index.html">Lives of the Saints from the Book of Lismore</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://celt.ucc.ie/published/G201002/index.html">Bethu Brigte</a> (<a href="https://celt.ucc.ie/published/T201002/index.html">translation</a> also available)</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://celt.ucc.ie/published/G201003/index.html">The Birth and Life of St Mo Ling</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://celt.ucc.ie/published/G201005/index.html">Betha Féchín Fabair</a> (<a href="https://celt.ucc.ie/published/T201005/index.html">translation</a> also available)</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://celt.ucc.ie/published/G201008/index.html">Betha Fursa</a> (<a href="https://celt.ucc.ie/published/T201008/index.html">translation</a> also available)</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://celt.ucc.ie/published/G201009/index.html">Betha Phatraic (LB p. 24b-29b)</a> (<a href="https://celt.ucc.ie/published/T201009/index.html">translation</a> also available)</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://celt.ucc.ie/published/G201010/index.html">Betha Brigte (LB p. 61b-66a)</a> (<a href="https://celt.ucc.ie/published/T201010/index.html">translation</a> also available)</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://celt.ucc.ie/published/G201011/index.html">Betha Choluim Chille (LB pp. 29b-34a)</a> (<a href="https://celt.ucc.ie/published/T201011/index.html">translation</a> also available)</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://celt.ucc.ie/published/G201012/index.html">Betha Meic Creiche</a> (<a href="https://celt.ucc.ie/published/T201012/index.html">translation</a> also available)</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a index.html="index.html" published="" g201013="""="">Betha Cranatan [Life of Cranat]</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://celt.ucc.ie/published/G201014/index.html">Betha Naile [Life of Naile] </a>(<a href="https://celt.ucc.ie/published/T201014/index.html">translation</a> also available)</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a index.html="index.html" published="" g201015="""="">Betha Adamnáin [The Irish Life of Adamnán]</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://celt.ucc.ie/published/G201016/index.html">Betha Farannáin [Life of Farannán]</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://celt.ucc.ie/published/G201018/index.html">Mochuta und der Teufel [Rawlinson B 512]</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://celt.ucc.ie/published/G201019/index.html">Wie Sechnall und Patrick Fiac vom Tode retteten</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://celt.ucc.ie/published/G201020/index.html">Life of St. Declan of Ardmore</a> (<a href="https://celt.ucc.ie/published/T201020/index.html">translation</a> also available)</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://celt.ucc.ie/published/G201023/index.html">Míorbuile Senáin [The Miracles of Senan]</a> (<a href="https://celt.ucc.ie/published/T201023/index.html">translation</a> also available)</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://celt.ucc.ie/published/G201025/index.html">Patricius segnet Irland</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://celt.ucc.ie/published/G201027/index.html">Four saints: Cormac, Beccan (Emin), Culan, Diarmaid</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://celt.ucc.ie/published/G201028/index.html">Cáin Eimíne Báin annso</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://celt.ucc.ie/published/G201029/index.html">Story of the abbot of Druimenach, who was changed into a woman</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://celt.ucc.ie/published/G201030/index.html">König Guaire und Oennu maccu Laigse</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://celt.ucc.ie/published/G201031/index.html">Wunderbare Geschichten von Corpre Cromm mac Feradaig</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://celt.ucc.ie/published/G201032/index.html">The adventures of Ricinn, daughter of Crimthann mac Lugdach (Stowe MS B IV 2, fo. 145a)</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://celt.ucc.ie/published/G201033/index.html">Laithe n-aon dia rabhator treis gnía (Stowe MS B IV 2, fo. 124a)</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://celt.ucc.ie/published/G201036/index.html">Betha Colmáin maic Lúacháin</a> (<a href="https://celt.ucc.ie/published/T201036/index.html">translation</a> also available)</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://celt.ucc.ie/published/G201040/index.html">Drei Erzählungen aus dem Buch von Lismore (1. Colum Cille, Comgall und Cainnech; 2. St. Patrick und Laegaire's Sohn Lugaid; 3. Maol Póil und die tote Nonne)</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://celt.ucc.ie/published/G202001/index.html">Saltair na Rann [The psalter of verses]</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">St. Patrick (5th Century): <a href="https://www.ccel.org/ccel/patrick/confession.html">Confession</a>  [At CCEL] See also <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11554a.htm">Catholic Encyclopedia: St. Patrick</a>.</li> <li> Fiacc: <a href="http://www.voskrese.info/spl/fiacc.html">Hymn on Life of St. Patrick</a> [At St. Pachomius Library]</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/16479">The Latin & Irish Lives of Ciaran</a> (Saint Ciarán of Clonmacnoise (c. 516 – c. 549)), trans.Robert Alexander Stewart Macalister (1921) [Project Gutenberg] </li> <li class="H_body_text">Adamnan: <a href="basis/columba-e.asp">Life of St. Columba</a> and <a href="basis/columba-l.asp">Latin Text: Book I and Book II, cc.1-30</a>. An <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010208192723/http://www.usu.edu/~history/norm/columb~1.htm">English/Latin side-by-side version</a>, [Was At Utah now at Internet Archive] St. Columba, who established the monastery at Iona, was one of the most famous of the Irish missionary saints.</li> <li class="H_body_text">Jocelyn, a monk of Furness:  <a href="basis/Jocelyn-LifeofKentigern.asp">The Life of Kentigern (Mungo)</a>, translated by Cynthia Whidden Green <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Cynthia Whidden Green: <a href="basis/CynthiaWhiddenGreen-SaintKentigern1998.asp">Saint Kentigern, Apostle to Strathclyde: A critical analysis of a northern saint</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924029417882/page/n7/mode/2up">Ancient Lives of Scottish Saints</a>, trans W.M. Metcalfe 1845 [At Internet Archive] St, Ninian vy Ailred of Rievaux; St Columbia by Cuimine the Fair; St. Columba by Adamnan; St. Sevanus; St. Margaret, Queen of Scotland, by Turgot; St. Magnus</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="basis/stdeclan.asp">The Life of St. Declan of Ardmore</a> [Electronic Transcription 1997 Dennis McCarthy]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Jonas the Monk: <a href="basis/columban.asp">Life of St. Columban</a>, d. 615. See also <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02605b.htm">Catholic Encyclopedia: Abbey and Diocese of Bobbio</a> Columban represents the extension of the Irish missionary enterprise to continental Europe. This Life is especially interesting for its account of his interraction with animals. It also provides information on Merovingian royal politics of the the period.</li> <li class="H_body_text"> WEB <a href="https://uistsaints.co.uk/early-christianity-in-uist/">Uist Saints: Early Christianity in Uist</a> This project seeks to take the first steps towards a better understanding of early Christianity in Uist, focusing primarily on place-names and archaeological evidence. On the basis of an initial survey of the material, 45 sites have been identified as of potential interest. </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://uistsaints.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Vita-Sancti-Cainnechi-with-GM-translation-and-notes.pdf">The Life of St Cainnech of Aghaboe</a> [Also known as St Kenneth] Translation and notes by Gilbert Márkus PDF [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210120005353/https://uistsaints.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Vita-Sancti-Cainnechi-with-GM-translation-and-notes.pdf">here</a>] [At<a href="https://uistsaints.co.uk/early-christianity-in-uist/"> Uist Saints</a>]</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://archive.org/details/livesofwelshsain0000dobl/page/n7/mode/2up">Lives of the Welsh Saints</a>, trans. G.H. Doble, G. H. (1984) [At Internet Archive] St. Dubriciusl St. Iltut; St. Paulinus; St. Teilo; and St Oudoceus.</li> <li class="H_body_text">Caradoc of Llancarfan: <a href="basis/1150-Caradoc-LifeofGildas.asp">The Life of Gildas</a>,1130-1150. </li> </ul> <a href="#index">Jump Back to Contents</a>  <hr /> <a name="meta" id="meta">IX: Metaphrastes and The Golden Legend</a>  Historians interested in the "real lives" of individual saints value the earliest texts above all others. But for assessing the cult of saints in Byzantium and in Western Europe, two rewritten collections of saints' lives dominate the manuscript record. There are about 700 surviving manuscripts of the 10th-century Byzantine "re-phraser" St. Symeon Metaphrastes. As a result his work dominates the later Byzantine conception of sanctity. Jacobus de Voragine, writing about 1260, achieved a similar dominance in later western hagiographical literature - about 900 manuscripts of his Golden Legend survive. From 1470 to 1530 it was also the most often printed book in Europe. This section of the Saints' Lives page will list online translations, or texts, of Lives from these two major collections. RESOURCES <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Symeon Metaphrastes <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Symeon Metaphrastes: <a href="source/metaphrast1.asp">Lives of the Saints: Index</a> A list of the saints lives contained in Migne's edition of the collection.</li> <li class="H_body_text"> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symeon_the_Metaphrast">Simeon Metaphrastes</a> [At Wikipedia] and <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10225a.htm">Simon Metaphrastes</a> [At Catholic Encyclopedia] </li> <li class="H_body_text">Symeon Metaphrastes: <a href="http://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/30_20_0950-1050-_Symeon_Metaphrastes.html">Migne Edition</a> [At Documenta Catholic Omnia]</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://www.elpenor.org/athos/imgprev/l18-5.asp">Metaphrastic MS: Image of Iviron Monastery, Cod. 16</a>, Parchment, 34.5/35 x 28.5/29 cm, ff. 294, [At <a href="https://www.elpenor.org/athos/en/e218m7.asp">Mt Athos Exhibit</a>]</li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Jacobus de Voragine (1230-1298): The Golden Legend <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Jacobus de Voragine (1230-1298):  <a href="basis/goldenlegend/">The Golden Legend</a> (Aurea Legenda) 1275, As englished by William Caxton, 1483 The full text of the 7 volume Temple Classics edition, available in large volume files, and individual feast/saint files.</li> <li class="H_body_text">Jacobus de Voragine (1230-1298):  <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060206153426/https://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/golden000.htm">The Golden Legend</a> (Aurea Legenda) 1275. Same text as previous item, but with individual files for each saint. [Was at Catholic Forum, now Internet Archive]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Jacobus de Voragine (1230-1298): <a href="source/voragine1.asp">The Golden Legend: Index</a> A list of the saints lives contained in collection.</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_van_Os" title="">Pieter van Os</a> (September 1, 1490). <a rel="nofollow" href="https://archive.org/details/legendaaureasanc00jaco_5/page/n433">Legenda aurea sanctorum, sive Lombardica historia</a>.(in Latin and German). Vol. II. <a rel="nofollow" href="https://archive.today/20190323130359/https://archive.org/stream/legendaaureasanc00jaco_5/legendaaureasanc00jaco_5_djvu.txt">Archived</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobus_de_Voragine">Jacobus de Voragine</a> [AtWikipedia]</li> <li class="H_body_text"> Sandra Miesel: <a href="https://www.ewtn.com/catholicism/library/golden-legend-when-saints-were-saints-5558">The Golden Legend (Review)</a> Catholic Twin Circle, November 6, 1994 [At EWTN]</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691154077/the-golden-legend">Information on J. Ryan's Translation of the Golden Legend</a> [At Princeton UP]</li>   </ul> </li> </ul> TEXTS <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Symeon Metaphrastes <ul> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0858.htm">Martyrdom of the Holy Confessors Shamuna, Guria, and Habib</a> [At New Advent] [From Ante-Nicene and Nicene Fathers Series]</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="basis/matrona.asp">Life of Matrona of Perge</a>, d.c. 510-515, trans Khalifa Ben Nasser, [full text of Metaphrastic Life: selections from Vita Prima], An example of a "transvestite" saint who was also a historical figure.</li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Jacobus de Voragine, <a href="basis/goldenlegend/">The Golden Legend</a> (Aurea Legenda) 1275, As Englished by William Caxton, 1483 The full text of the 7 volume Temple Classics edition, available in large volume files, and individual feast/saint files. <ul> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="basis/goldenlegend/">Golden Legend Main Index</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="basis/goldenlegend/GoldenLegend-Volume1.asp">Volume 1</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="basis/goldenlegend/GoldenLegend-Volume2.asp">Volume 2</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="basis/goldenlegend/GoldenLegend-Volume3.htm">Volume 3</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="basis/goldenlegend/GoldenLegend-Volume4.asp">Volume 4</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="basis/goldenlegend/GoldenLegend-Volume5.asp">Volume 5</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="basis/goldenlegend/GoldenLegend-Volume6.asp">Volume 6</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="basis/goldenlegend/GoldenLegend-Volume7.asp">Volume 7</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Jacobus de Voragine (1230-1298): The Golden Legend: Texts on Web Texts in Voragine's order, numbering following William Ryan, (Princeton: 1993) <ul> <li class="H_body_text">In English</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050307183523/http://www.humnet.ucla.edu/santiago/leyenda1.html">Leyenda de Santiago</a> (translated by William Granger Ryan).[Was At UCLA now Internet Archive]</li> <li> Jacobus de Voragine/William Caxton: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060505181652/http://www.catholic-forum.com/SAINTS/golden314.htm">The Life of Saint Cecilia</a>. trans by Caxton (1483) from Jacobus de Voragine: Golden Legend. [Was at Catholic Forum, now Internet Archive] Cecilia is the Patron saint of music in the west.</li> <li> <a href="http://www.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/teams/31sr.htm">Legend of Saint Catherine of Alexandria</a> (translated by William Granger Ryan) [At TEAMS] <li class="H_body_text">In Latin</li> <li class="H_body_text"> 2. <a href="http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/voragine/andrea.shtml">St. Andrew, Apostle</a>, in Latin [At The Latin Library] </li> <li class="H_body_text"> 3. <a href="http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/voragine/nic.shtml">St. Nicholas</a>, in Latin [At The Latin Library] </li> <li class="H_body_text"> 4. <a href="http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/voragine/luc.shtml">St. Lucy</a>, in Latin [At The Latin Library] </li> <li class="H_body_text"> 7. <a href="http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/voragine/anast.shtml">St. Anastasia</a>, in Latin [At The Latin Library] </li> <li class="H_body_text"> 11. <a href="http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/voragine/thom.shtml">St Thomas Apostle</a>, in Latin [At The Latin Library] </li> <li class="H_body_text"> 12. <a href="http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/voragine/silv.shtml">St. Silvester</a>, in Latin [At The Latin Library] </li> <li class="H_body_text"> 15. <a href="http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/voragine/paulo.shtml">St. Paul the Hermit</a>, in Latin [At The Latin Library] </li> <li class="H_body_text"> 18. <a href="http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/voragine/marc.shtml">St. Macarius</a>, in Latin [At The Latin Library] </li> <li class="H_body_text"> 21. <a href="http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/voragine/ant.shtml">St. Anthony Abbot</a>, in Latin [At The Latin Library] </li> <li class="H_body_text"> 23. <a href="http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/voragine/seb.shtml">St. Sebastian</a>, in Latin [At The Latin Library] </li> <li class="H_body_text"> 25. <a href="http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/voragine/vin.shtml">St. Vincent</a>, in Latin [At The Latin Library] </li> <li class="H_body_text"> 30. <a href="http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/voragine/iul.shtml">St. Julian</a>, in Latin [At The Latin Library] </li> <li class="H_body_text"> 38. <a href="http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/voragine/blas.shtml">St. Blasius</a>, in Latin [At The Latin Library] </li> <li class="H_body_text"> 57. <a href="http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/voragine/ambro.shtml">St. Ambrose</a>, in Latin [At The Latin Library] </li> <li class="H_body_text"> 58. <a href="http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/voragine/georgio.shtml">St. George</a>, in Latin [At The Latin Library] </li> <li class="H_body_text"> 62. <a href="http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/voragine/vir.shtml">A Virgin of Antioch</a>, in Latin [At The Latin Library] </li> <li class="H_body_text"> 84. <a href="http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/voragine/marina.shtml">St. Marina</a>, in Latin [At The Latin Library] </li> <li class="H_body_text"> 94. <a href="http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/voragine/alexio.shtml">St. Alexis, Homo Dei</a>, in Latin [At The Latin Library] </li> <li class="H_body_text"> 96. <a href="http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/voragine/mariamag.shtml">St. Mary Magdalene</a>, in Latin [At The Latin Library] </li> <li class="H_body_text"> 99. <a href="http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/voragine/iacob.shtml">St. James the Great</a>, in Latin [At The Latin Library] </li> <li class="H_body_text"> 100. <a href="http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/voragine/chris.shtml">St. Christopher</a>, in Latin [At The Latin Library] </li> <li class="H_body_text"> 101. <a href="http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/voragine/septem.shtml">Seven Sleepers of Ephesus</a>, in Latin [At The Latin Library] </li> <li class="H_body_text"> 149. <a href="http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/voragine/fran.shtml">St. Francis</a>, in Latin [At The Latin Library] </li> <li class="H_body_text"> <a href="http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/voragine/jud.shtml">Judas Iscariot</a>, in Latin [At The Latin Library] </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <a href="#index">Jump Back to Contents</a>  <hr /> <a name="pomed1" id="pomed1"></a>X: Post-Medieval Saints  With the advent of printing, and the massive increase in available source material of all types, hagiography after the middle ages becomes less central to historians researching non-religious topics. It remains of interest, however, for religious history. But the nature of hagiography also changes. For ancient, Byzantine, and early Western Medieval saints, the Life often provided the unique data on the saint. When the popes took control, especially after the mid-thirteenth century, and increasingly formalized the process of canonization, the nature of available materials about a saint changed. Catholic saints (as also, in a less methodical way Orthodox saints) now acquired at dossier organized as a legal brief. <ul> <li class="H_body_text">William Roper: <a href="/halsall/mod/16Croper-more.asp">The Life of Sir Thomas More</a> This is not exactly a saint's life, since Thomas More was not canonized until 1935.</li> <li> Teresa of Avila: <a href="http://www.ccel.org/ccel/teresa/life.html">Life</a>, available from CCEL/Wheaton College in various formats [At CCEL]</li> <li class="H_body_text">John Vianney, (Known as the Curé d'Ars): <a href="http://justus.anglican.org/resources/bio/217.html">Biographical Sketch</a>, See: <ul> <li class="H_body_text"> Introduction to his <a href="https://www.google.com/url?client=internal-element-cse&cx=012659529123016763078:p6mocurvszw&q=https://www.ewtn.com/catholicism/library/instructions-on-the-catechism-1273&sa=U&ved=2ahUKEwirnrLO6tj8AhXeY6QEHfDgDIUQFnoECAIQAQ&usg=AOvVaw2vOLGbjzm9dfbRaWpxA0Ojhttps://www.ewtn.com/catholicism/library/instructions-on-the-catechism-1273">Catechetical Instructions</a> [At EWTN]</li>  <li class="H_body_text"> <a href="https://www.ewtn.com/catholicism/library/litany-and-novena-to-st-philomena-11873">Litany to St. Philomena</a> [At EWTN], a saint who never existed -see <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12025b.htm">Philomena</a> [Catholic Encyclopedia].</li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Bernardette Soubirous: <a href="https://www.ewtn.com/catholicism/library/short-life-of-bernadette-5238">My Name is Bernardette</a>, 1858, [At EWTN] Supposedly a sort of oral autobiography. See also <a href="https://www.ewtn.com/catholicism/library/body-of-st-bernadette-of-lourdes-5236">Report on Her Body</a> [At EWTN]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Bernardette Soubirous: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060212105445/https://www.catholic.org/clife/mary/commrept.php">Bishop's Commission Report</a>, 1862, [Was At Catholic Online now Internet Archive] </li> <li> Lourdes: <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/19981201081209/http://abbey.apana.org.au/BVM/Bernadette/Hebert.htm">Cure of Amelie Hebert</a>, <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/19981202104401/http://abbey.apana.org.au/BVM/Bernadette/Lapeyre.htm">Cure of Catharine Lapeyre</a>, <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/19981201225150/abbey.apana.org.au/BVM/Bernadette/Derudder.htm">Cure of Pierre De Rudder</a>, all translated from 'Medical Proof of the Miraculous', by E. Le Bac [At Internet Archive, from Apana] Modern miracle stories.</li> <li class="H_body_text">Thérèse of Lisieux: <a href="https://www.ewtn.com/catholicism/library/saint-therese-of-lisieux-virgin-13773">Modern Account of Her Life</a>, [At EWTN]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Thérèse of Lisieux: <a href="https://www.ewtn.com/catholicism/library/self-offering-to-merciful-love-13792">Extracts from her Writings</a>, [At EWTN]</li> <li> Thérèse of Lisieux: <a href="http://livres-mystiques.com/partieTEXTES/Lisieux/Histoire/table.html">Histoire d'une âme</a>, full text, in French, [At Livres Mystiques] </li> <li class="H_body_text">Thérèse of Lisieux: <a href="https://www.ewtn.com/catholicism/library/canonization-13797">Pius XI: Homily at the Canonization of St. Thérèse</a>, 17 May 1925, [At EWTN] The file also includes the bull of canonization Vehementer exultamus hodie</li> <li> Congregation for the Causes of Saints: <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/19981202003349/abbey.apana.org.au/BVM/FATIMA/venerabl.htm">Decrees regarding the Canonization of the servants of God, Jacinta Marto and Francisco Marto</a>, 1989 [At Internet Archive, from Apana] [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_and_Jacinta_Marto">Canonised</a> 13 May 2017] The visionaries at Fatima.</li> <li class="H_body_text">Francis Johnston: <a href="https://www.ewtn.com/catholicism/library/alexandrina-5170">Alexandrina</a> [At EWTN] This is not a medieval saint's life but an account of a modern Catholic saint which demonstrates a certain continuity. The conservative Catholic website which presents this life describes it as follows - A somewhat unusual life of a pain-wracked bed-ridden cripple who took Fatima to heart and dedicated her life to making reparation for the sins of men. Miraculous aspects : re-lived the passion of Christ numerous times, spent 6 weeks under hostile 24 hour supervision in a hospital eating and drinking nothing and suffered no weight loss and no ill-effects, lived 13 years without food or drink! </li> <li><a href="https://catholicworker.org/dorothy-day/dorothy-day-writing/">Dorothy Day</a> [At Catholic Worker] Dorothy Day is not canonized, but the founder of the Catholic Worker movement has one of the most prominent cults among modern Catholic progressives. </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://www.goarch.org/chapel/saints?contentid=2693#:~:text=Saint%20Maria%20Skobtsova%20of%20Paris,grief%20led%20her%20to%20atheism.">Blessed Mother Maria Skobtsova</a> [At GoArch] An Orthodox nun killed during the holocaust at the Ravensbruck camp.</li> </ul> <a href="#index">Jump Back to Contents</a>  <hr /> <a name="modvit" id="modvit">XI: Modern Lives of Medieval Saints</a>  With the following texts, available on the net, I have not been able to ascertain who wrote them, or when. As a result, they are listed as "modern" texts. <ul> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.vitae-patrum.org.uk/">Vitae Patrum</a> [At Vita Patrum] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210804123724/http://www.vitae-patrum.org.uk/">here</a>] The Vitae Patrum is in Latin and dates from 1628. It was compiled by Heribert Rosweyde SJ from ancient sources dating from the third and fourth centuries, written either in Latin or Greek. The site here is based on translations by Benedict Baker (d. 2004)</li><ul> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.vitae-patrum.org.uk/page5.html">The Life of St Paul, the first hermit by Jerome, presbyter & divine</a> [At Vita Patrum] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210622212105/http://vitae-patrum.org.uk/page5.html">here</a>]</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.vitae-patrum.org.uk/page56.html">De Vitis Patrum, Book II By Rufinus of Aquileia</a> [At Vita Patrum] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210622211824/http://vitae-patrum.org.uk/page56.html">here</a>]</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.vitae-patrum.org.uk/page64.html">De Vitis Patrum, Book III by Rufinus of Aquileia</a>, Presbyter [At Vita Patrum] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210516171445/http://vitae-patrum.org.uk/page64.html">here</a>]</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.vitae-patrum.org.uk/page74.html">De Vitis Patrum, Book IV By Severus Sulpitius and John Cassian Excerpts from Dialogue 1 of Severus Sulpitius and from the Institutes and Conferences of John Cassian</a> [At Vita Patrum] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210622212858/http://vitae-patrum.org.uk/page74.html">here</a>]</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.vitae-patrum.org.uk/page80.html">De Vitis Patrum Book V By an Unknown Greek Author, translated into Latin by Pelagius the Deacon</a> [At Vita Patrum] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210516172342/http://vitae-patrum.org.uk/page80.html">here</a>]</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.vitae-patrum.org.uk/page97.html">De Vitis Patrum, Book VI</a> [At Vita Patrum] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210802115502/http://www.vitae-patrum.org.uk/page97.html">here</a>]</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.vitae-patrum.org.uk/page101.html">De Vitis Patrum Book V By a Greek Author, translated by Paschasius into Latin</a> [At Vita Patrum] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210622213940/http://vitae-patrum.org.uk/page101.html">here</a>]</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.vitae-patrum.org.uk/page107.html"> Prologue of Palladius, Bishop of Helenopoleos In the Eighth Book of the Vitae Patrum Known as the Lausiac History</a>. Life of Isidore and Xenodochus; Dorotheus of Thebes; Acts of Potamianea; Didymus the Blind; Alexandra [At Vita Patrum] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210804111908/http://vitae-patrum.org.uk/page107.html">here</a>]</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.vitae-patrum.org.uk/page126.html">De Vitis Patrum, Book IX By Theodoretus, bishop of Cyrus Translated into Latin by Gentianus Hervetus</a>, Jacob of Nisibis [At Vita Patrum] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210804132536/http://vitae-patrum.org.uk/page126.html">here</a>]</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.vitae-patrum.org.uk/page141.html">De Vitis Patrum, Book X By John Moschus Translated into Latin by Ambrosius Camaldulensis</a> [At Vita Patrum] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210622213501/http://vitae-patrum.org.uk/page141.html">here</a>]</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.vitae-patrum.org.uk/page161.html"> Appendix 3 to Vitae Patrum Sayings of the Egyptian Fathers By an unknown Greek author Translated into Latin by Bishop Martin Dumiensis, 6th century</a> [At Vita Patrum] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210622213302/http://vitae-patrum.org.uk/page161.html">here</a>]</li> <li class="H_body_text">text [At Vita Patrum] [Internet Archive version here]</li> </ul> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://archive.org/details/TheLifeOfStCecilia/page/n87/mode/2up">The Life Of St. Cecilia: From Ms. Ashmole 43 And MS. Cotton Tiberius E. VII</a>, ed. Bertha Dickinson (1898) [Internet Archive] Edition of the some Middle English texts about the Roman martyr St. Cecilia.</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010620103302/http://pharos.bu.edu/cn/synexarion/Bishoy.txt">Saint Bishoy: The Beloved of Our Good Savior</a> [Was At Pharos, now Internet Archive]</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.carpatho-rusyn.org/spirit/cyril.htm">SS. Cyril and Methodius</a> [At carpatho-rusyn.org] Internet archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201113041536/http://www.carpatho-rusyn.org/spirit/cyril.htm">here</a>]</li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041017022707/http://www.antiochian.org/saint_george">Lives of the Saints: Great-martyr George the Trophy-bearer </a>[Was At Antiochian.org, now Internet Archive]</li>  <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020321115207/https://www.stnicholas.org.au/StNich.htm">The Life of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker</a> [At St. Nicholas] </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050122211016/http://www.stdgocunion.org/saintmarkella.html">Life of Markella of Chios</a>, (date uncertain), [At St. Demetrios Greek Orthodox] It is unclear if this is a modern or old [how old] life of Markella. The sexual overtones of the text, are, however, intense as she flees the incestuous lust of her father..</li> </ul> <a href="#index">Jump Back to Contents</a>  <hr /> <a name="appI1" id="appI1"></a>Appendix I: Aspects of Sainthood: Modern Discussions  For basic information on many individual saints, see: <ul> <li class="H_body_text">WEB <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/">Catholic Encyclopedia</a> [At New Advent] Published in 1907 but with often very good scholarship in ist historical and hagiographical articles.</li> <li class="H_body_text">WEB <a href="https://www.ewtn.com/catholicism/saints">EWTN SAINTS</a>. This site has a library of 6000 plus files, accessible via search engine. It Includes substantial parts of Alban Butler's Lives of the Saints but also a fair amount of purely devotional material.</li> </ul> </li> <a name="appI2" id="appI2"></a>CANONIZATION Canonization procedures varied over the centuries, and from one Christian Church to another. The Roman Catholic situation is summarized as follows: "In the first six centuries of the Church, the sanctity, at first of martyrs, then of confessors of the faith, and later of those of heroic Christian virtue and of those exemplary in their apostolic zeal for the Church -- doctors, bishops, missionaries -- was so acclaimed by the vox populi of the faithful. From the sixth to the tenth century the definitive pronouncement of approval on the part of the local bishop gradually became a necessary culmination of a process of inquiry into the validity of such a veneration, the cult of doulia on the part of the faithful. Canonization has By 973 formal approval of the Roman Pontiff was deemed a matter of greater prestige for the veneration of a venerated saint, St. Udalricus. Under Gregory IX (1234) papal canonization became the only and exclusive legitimate form of inquiry into the saints' lives and miracles according to newly established procedural formes and canonical processes. In 1588 Pope Sixtus V, by his Immensa Aeterni Dei, entrusted the process of papal canonization to the Congregation of Rites. In 1642 Urban VIII ordered all the decrees and studies of canonizations during his own pontificate to be published in one volume -- and a century later, Benedict XIV systematized in a clear and definitive manner the basic expectations of heroic virtue and the indispensable requirements of the canonical processes according to the evidences of the Congregation of Rites. Pius X (1914) divided this Congregation into two sections: one, the liturgical section, and the other assigned entirely to the causes for canonization. In 1930, Pius XI established the historical section devoted to the critical-historical scrutiny of the evidences put forth in the causes for canonization." [from a critical book on Hans Kung by Joseph F. Costanzo S.J.: On the net at <a href="https://www.ewtn.com/catholicism/library/historical-credibility-of-hans-kung-10078">https://www.ewtn.com/catholicism/library/historical-credibility-of-hans-kung-10078</a>] In 1917, the formal procedure was incorporated in the Church's Code of Canon Law. In 1982, Pope John Paul II introduced a new simplified process. After a rigorous examination of a candidate's life, work and writings, undertaken by the Postulator of the Cause, the Pope accepts that the Servant of God has practised the Christian virtues in a heroic degree, and declares them Venerable, the first of three steps on the road of sainthood.Following a physical miracle, such as an unexplained healing, the candidate is Beatified by the Pope, and declared Blessed. A further physical miracle is required before the person is Canonised and declared a Saint of the Church. [Info supplied by The British Royal Mail, 27 Feb., 1997.  <ul> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02364b.htm">Catholic Encyclopedia: Canonization and Beatification</a>. </li> <li class="H_body_text">P.E. Hallet: <a href="https://www.catholicculture.org/culture/library/view.cfm?id=3631">The Canonization of Saints</a> (London: CTS, 1952) [At Catholic Culture] </li> </ul> <a name="appI3" id="appI3"></a>CALENDARS <ul> <li class="H_body_text"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070212222200/smart.net/~mmontes/ec-cal.html">Calculation of the Ecclesiastical Calendar</a> [Was At Smart.net now Internet Archive] A splendid website which calculated both Catholic and Orthodox church calendars. It also contains much other information on religious calendars. The computation aspect no longer works in ist archived form, but still contains interesting information on how the various calendars work. </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03158a.htm">Catholic Encyclopedia: The Christian Calendar</a>. Descriptive article on origins. </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03166a.htm">Catholic Encyclopedia: The Jewish Calendar</a>. Descriptive article. </li> <li> <a href="http://medievalist.net/calendar/home.htm">Online Calendar of Saints' Days</a>. [At Medievalist.net] By Glenn Gunhouse. Based on Hermann Grotefend's Taschenbuch der Zeitrechnung. </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://www.ewtn.com/catholicism/library/saints-of-the-roman-calendar-5801">The Roman Calendar</a>, that is the current General Calendar, [At EWTN] </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://www.ewtn.com/catholicism/library/franciscan-calendar-of-saints-11133">Franciscan Calendar of Saints</a>. [At EWTN] </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://www.ewtn.com/catholicism/library/national-calendar-for-ireland-11146">Irish Calendar of Saints</a>. [At EWTN] </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://www.ewtn.com/catholicism/library/roman-catholic-patron-saints-5730">Patron Saints</a>. (Roman Catholic) [At EWTN] </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://archive.org/details/DelehayeSynaxariumConstantinopolitanum">The Synaxarium of Constantinople</a> (Synaxarium ecclesiae Constantinopolitanum e codice Sirmondiano nunc Berolinensi by Hippolyte Delehaye) [Acta Sanctorum] [Internet Archive]</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.rongolini.com/synaxariontoc.htm">Orthodox Synaxarion</a> with <a href="http://www.rongolini.com/synindex.htm">Alphabetical List of Saints in the Synaxarion</a> [At Ron Golani] [Internet Archive version<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150324190307/http://www.rongolini.com/synaxariontoc.htm"> here</a>] A translation/presentatation of the synaxarion entries for each month.</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.rongolini.com/menaion.htm">Orthodox Menaion</a> [At Ron Golani] [Internet Archive version<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221207144330/http://rongolini.com/menaion.htm"> here</a>] A translation/presentatation of the Menaion entries for each month.</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://www.allsaintsnc.org/orthodox-saints-calendar/">Orthodox Saint of the Day Calendar</a>. [At GOArch] This page is in fact an online Calendar of Greek and Orthodox saints. It also has a Greek version of the calendar, PLUS icons of the saint and an audio version of Saint's Troparion (in Greek) </li> <li> <a href="https://www.oca.org/fs">Orthodox Church in America: Feasts and Saints of the Orthdox Church</a>. </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://archive.org/details/bookofsaintsofet0002unse">The Book of the Saints of the Ethiopian Church: a translation of the Ethiopic Synaxarium ... made from the manuscripts Oriental 660 and 661 in the British Museum</a> 1928 [Internet Archive] </li> <li class="H_body_text">DeLacy O'Leary: <a href="https://archive.org/details/saintsofegypt0000olea">The Saints of Egypt</a> 1937 [Internet Archive] "A compendium of information about the martyrs and other saints honoured in the Coptic church, for the most part following the biographies given in the Jacobite (Egyptian) Synaxarium." </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://kuz1.pstbi.ccas.ru/cgi-bin/db.exe/ans/s/?HYZ9EJxGHoxITYZCF2JM">Database: Russian Saints Page</a>. in Russian, in Russia. [with transliteration - it is quite usable!]. [Nb if this does not work as a link, try going to the URL <a href="http://kuz1.pstbi.ccas.ru/index.htm">http://kuz1.pstbi.ccas.ru/index.htm</a> - which is the index page of the St. Tikon Orthodox Theological Institute]. </li> <li> <a href="http://www.pstbi.ru/cgi-bin/code.exe/martyrs.htm?eng">Database: Martyrs and Confessors of the Russian Orthodox Church</a>. in Russian, in Russia. [with transliteration - it is quite usable!]. </li> </ul> <a name="appI4" id="appI4"></a>HISTORY OF SAINTHOOD <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Tom Head--Original Essays [At Orb Archive site] Clear introductory essays on the subject of saints and hagiography.</li> <ul type="circle"> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://the-orb.arlima.net/encyclop/religion/hagiography/hagio.htm">Hagiography</a> : a brief introduction: essays by Tom Head.</li> <li class="H_body_text">The meanings of the term <a href="https://the-orb.arlima.net/encyclop/religion/hagiography/hagio.htm">"hagiography."</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://the-orb.arlima.net/encyclop/religion/hagiography/cult.htm">The Cult of Saints and their Relics</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://the-orb.arlima.net/encyclop/religion/hagiography/women1.htm">Women and Hagiography in Medieval Christianity</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://the-orb.arlima.net/encyclop/religion/hagiography/survey1.htm">The Development of Hagiography and the Cult of Saints in Western Christendom to the Year 1000</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://the-orb.arlima.net/encyclop/religion/hagiography/france.htm">The Development of Hagiography and the Cult of the Saints in the Later Middle Ages: The Example of the Kingdom of France from the Capetian accession to the Reformation</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text">An epilogue: <a href="https://the-orb.arlima.net/encyclop/religion/hagiography/compare.htm">Christian Sanctity in Comparative Perspective</a> </li> </ul> <li class="H_body_text">Hippolyte Delehaye: <a href="basis/delehaye-legends.asp">The Legends of the Saints: An Introduction to Hagiography</a> (1907) The full text of a classic work.</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03417b.htm">Catholic Encyclopedia: The Roman Catacombs</a>. </li> <li class="H_body_text">Stefania Falasca: <a href="https://www.ewtn.com/catholicism/library/humble-splendor-of-the-first-witnesses-the-catacombs-of-saint-callixtus-in-rome-10694">The Humble Splendor of the First Witnesses: The Catacombs of Saint Callixtus in Rome</a>, [At EWTN] Pious, but still informative, account of the the third century Pope Zephyrinus' entrusting the administration of the Church of Rome's first cemetery to his deacon, Callixtus. </li> <li class="H_body_text">Francis Weiser:<a href="http://www.strobertbellarmine.net/books/Weiser--ChristianFeastsandCustoms.pdf"> Handbook of Christian Feasts and Customs</a>, Part 3 is on The History of the Veneration of Saints. [At Bellarmine] [Internet Archive Version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151106051053/http://www.strobertbellarmine.net/books/Weiser--ChristianFeastsandCustoms.pdf">here</a>] This might be compared with the views of McCabe in the following item.</li> <li class="H_body_text">Joseph McCabe (1867-1955): <a href="https://www.infidels.org/library/historical/joseph_mccabe/religious_controversy/chapter_15.html">The Story of Religious Controversy: Chapter 15: Legends of Saints and Martyrs</a> [At infidels.org] [Internet Archive Version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110604041541/http://www.infidels.org/library/historical/joseph_mccabe/religious_controversy/chapter_15.html">here</a>] McCabe, a former Franciscan, became an extremely prolific writer in support of atheism and against all religion, especially Catholicism. His "rationalism" can now be seen for the ideology it was. His account of saints and sainthood reflects the rationalist view, a view which was unable to see the value of either the texts, or the religious culture that produced them. He ended up being as intolerent and blinkered as those he criticized.</li> <li class="H_body_text"> Laurent Terrade: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060912170610/http://ecole.evansville.edu/articles/honoratus.html">Hilarius of Arles Life of Honoratus</a>, [Was At Ecole, now Internet Archive] </li> <li class="H_body_text"> A discussion on life of a fifth-century bishop, Honoratus. The Sermo de Vita Sancti Honorati was probably delivered to the Christians of Arles in 430 by Hilarius (401-449).</li> <li class="H_body_text">Hippolyte Delehaye: <a href="basis/delehaye-legends.asp">The Legends of the Saints: An Introduction to Hagiography</a> (1907) The full text of a classic work.</li> <li class="H_body_text">Susan Ashbrook Harvey: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000816034749/http://muse.jhu.edu/demo/earl/4.1harvey.html">Sacred Bonding: Mothers and Daughters in Early Syriac Hagiography</a>, Journal of Early Christian Studies 4.1 (1996) 27-56, [At Johns Hopkins Press, now Internet Archive] </li> <li class="H_body_text"> Jeffrey Conrad: <a href="https://syriacstudies.com/2015/09/16/egyptian-and-syrian-asceticism-in-late-antiquity-jeffrey-conrad-2/">Egyptian and Syrian Asceticism in Late Antiquity: A Comparative Study of the Ascetic Idea in the Late Roman Empire during the Fourth and Fifth Centuries</a>. [At Syriac Studies] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221204054556/http://syriacstudies.com/2015/09/16/egyptian-and-syrian-asceticism-in-late-antiquity-jeffrey-conrad-2/">here</a>]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Nonna Verna Harrison: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/19980529204055/http://www.uts.columbia.edu/~usqr/harrison.htm">The - Feminine Man in Late Antique Ascetic Piety</a>, Union Seminary Quarterly Review 48:3-4 [internet Archive]</li> <li> Margaret Kenny: <a href="http://www.isidore-of-seville.com/goudenhoorn/41margaret.html">Distinguishing between dreams and visions in ninth-century hagiography</a>, Gouden Hoorn, Volume 4, issue 1 (summer 1996) [At Gouden Hoorn] </li> <li class="H_body_text">Paul Halsall: <a href="paulhalsall-weddedtochrist-article.pdf">Wedded to Christ: Nuptiality and Gender Reversal in the Lives of Byzantine Male Saints</a>, Byzantine Studies Conference, Wisconsin, 26-28 September 1997, updated version [PDF]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Paul Halsall: <a href="HomosexualityinByzantineSaints.pdf">Male-Bonding: Homosexuality and Friendship in Byzantine Saint's Lives</a>. Queer Middle AgesConference, New York, November 6, 1998 [PDF]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Paul Halsall: <a href="PaulHalsall-WomensBodiesMensSouls.pdf">Men's Bodies, Women's Souls: Sanctity and Gender in Byzantium</a>. PhD Dissertation, Fordham University, New York, 1999 [PDF]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Kenneth Baxter: <a href="http://libro.uca.edu/martyrs/martyrs.htm">Christian Martyrs in Muslim Spain</a>-(Cambridge University Press, 1988) [At Libro]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Sandra Miesel: <a href="https://www.ewtn.com/catholicism/library/golden-legend-when-saints-were-saints-5558">The Golden Legend (Review)</a> Catholic Twin Circle, November 6, 1994 [At EWTN]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Evelyn Underhill: <a href="https://www.ccel.org/ccel/underhill/mysticism.html">Mysticism: A Study in the Nature and Development of Spritual Consciousness</a> [At CCEL] The full text of a classic work. </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02630a.htm">Catholic Encyclopedia: The Bollandists</a>. The history of the scholalry society within the Jesuits which created the modern study of saints and hagiography, and in the process established many of the conventions of scientific historical study in general.</li> </ul> <a name="appI5" id="appI5"></a>RELICS <ul> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="source/saintsgazzetteer.asp">A Gazetter of Relic and Miraculous Images</a> Modern list of locations of relics of Catholic saints.</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12734a.htm">Catholic Encyclopedia: Relics</a>. </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="source/bible-relics.asp">Biblical Texts Related to Veneration of Relics and Comments by Christian Theologians</a></li> <li class="H_body_text">St. Augustine of Hippo (354-430): <a href="source/Augustine-miraclesCDXXII8.asp">On Miracles</a>. From City of God, Book XXII, chap 8. </li> <li class="H_body_text">St. Augustine of Hippo (354-430): <a href="source/Augustine-relicsCDXXII8.asp">The Reception of the Relics of St Stephen</a>, Book XXII, chap 8. </li> <li class="H_body_text">St Thomas Aquinas: <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/summa/4025.htm#article6">Summa Theologica III, 25, 6: The adoration of the relics of saints</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="/halsall/mod/1952reliccertificate.asp">A Modern Relic Certificate</a>, 1952 For the bones of St. George.</li> <li class="H_body_text"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080319030846/http://www.brown.edu/Departments/Italian_Studies/dweb/themes/heart/dismemberment.shtml">Medieval Attitudes Towards Dismemberment of the Body</a> [Bynum, C. W. Fragmentation and Redemption: Essays on Gender and the Human Body in Medieval Religion. New York: Zone Books, 1991. pp. 265-96.[Was at Brown, now Internet Archive] </li> <li class="H_body_text"> Mike Epstein: <a href="http://mikeepstein.net/path/janblood.html">Electroscopy of St. Januarius Blood</a>. [At ASU] </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11228d.htm">Catholic Encyclopedia: Oil of the Saints</a>.</li> <li class="H_body_text">Jessica A. Browner: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060710055948/etext.lib.virginia.edu/journals/EH/EH34/browne34.html">"Viking" Pilgrimage to the Holy Land</a> fram! fram! cristmenn, crossmenn, konungsmenn! (Oláfs saga helga, ch. 224.). Essays in History 34 (1992) </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.khandro.net/karmapa_relics.htm">Sacred Relics</a>. [Buddhist views?] </li> </ul> <a name="appI6" class="H_Subitle" id="appI6"></a>WOMEN AND SANCTITY <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Lina Eckenstein: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010302133458/https://www.yale.edu/adhoc/etexts/Eckstn1.htm">Women Under Monasticism</a>, Chapters on Saint-Lore and Convent Life Between A.D. 500 and A.D. 1500. (New York: Russell and Russell, 1963), chaps. 4, 6, 7, 9 [Was At Yale now Internet Archive]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Kevin Corrigan: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040101064853/http://www.peregrina.com/voxbenedictina/MacrinaSyncletica.html">Syncletica and Macrina: Two Early Lives of Women Saints</a>, Vox Benedictina 6/3 (1989) 241-256. [Was At Peregrina Press's Matrologia Latina site now at Internet Archive]</li> <li> Onnie Duvall: <a href="https://the-orb.arlima.net/essays/text01.html">Radegund of Poitiers (ca. 518-587)</a>, [At ORB]. See also Alex Perkins: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051214165331/https://www.jesus.cam.ac.uk/college/history/radegund.html">Life of Radegund</a>, [Was At Cambridge now at Internet Archive] </li> <li> Margot H. King: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061104083704/http://www.peregrina.com/matrologia_latina/DesertMothers1.html">The Desert Mothers: A Survey of the Feminine Anchoretic Tradition in Western Europe</a>, [Was At Peregrina Press's Matrologia Latina site now at Internet Archive]</li> <li> Margot H. King: <a href="http://www.peregrina.com/matrologia_latina/DesertMothers2.html">The Desert Mothers Revisited: The Mothers of the Diocese of Liège</a>, [Was At Peregrina Press's Matrologia Latina site now at Internet Archive]</li> <li> Abby Stoner: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020605231757/http://userwww.sfsu.edu/~epf/1995/beguine.html">Sisters Between:Gender and the Medieval Beguines</a> [Was At sfsu.edu now at Internet Archive] </li> <li class="H_body_text">Katherine Gill: <a href="https://arts.st-andrews.ac.uk/monasticmatrix/commentaria/open-monasteries-two-roman-examples">Open Monasteries for Women in Late Medieval and Early Modern Italy: Two Roman Examples</a> [At Monastic Matrix] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220814004729/https://arts.st-andrews.ac.uk/monasticmatrix/commentaria/open-monasteries-two-roman-examples">here</a>. Necessary because Monastic Matrix has been among the least stable of medieval websites in maintaining consistent URL locations. Part of <a href="https://arts.st-andrews.ac.uk/monasticmatrix/">Matrix - A Collection of Resources for the Study of Women's Religious Communities, 500-1500</a> [At St Andrews, but has been very unreliable in maintaining a consistent URL] [Internet Archive backup <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220809012624/https://arts.st-andrews.ac.uk/monasticmatrix/">here</a>]</li> </ul> <a href="#index">Jump Back to Contents</a>  <hr /> <a name="appII" class="H_Subitle" id="appII"></a>APPENDIX II: Mystical Writings by, or Ascribed to, Saints  These are links only to mystical writings by saints. For writings by the Church Fathers, most of whom are considered as saints, see the <a href="sbook2.asp">Medieval Sourcebook: Full Texts</a> page. <ul> <li> Clement: <a href="http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/2clement.html">Second Epistle</a>, c. 150, (Attributed). [At Early Christian Writings]</li> <li> Ignatius of Antioch (d. c. 107): <a href="http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/ignatius.html">Index</a>. [At Early Christian Writings]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Polycarp of Smryna (c.69- c.155): <a href="https://www.earlychristianwritings.com/polycarp.html">Epistle</a>, c. 130. [At Early Christian Writings]</li>  <li class="H_body_text">Zosimus: <a href="basis/zosimus.asp">Concerning the Life of the Blessed</a>, from Vol X of Ante-Nicene Fathers series</li> <li> St. Wulfstan, Bishop of Chicester: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050206010315/http://english3.fsu.edu/~wulfstan/">Sermo Lupi ad Anglos</a>, c. 1014, full text, in Latin and English. [Was At FSU now Internet Archive]</li> <li> St. Gertrud of Helfta: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050216055134/http://www.peregrina.com/matrologia_latina/gertrud1.html">Herald of Divine Grace: Book 1</a> and <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050216200556/http://www.peregrina.com/matrologia_latina/gertrud2.html ">Book 2</a>, full text in Latin [At Peregrina Press's Matrologia Latina site]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Bernard of Clairvaux (1090 - 1153): <a href="https://ccel.org/ccel/bernard/loving_god/loving_god.">On Loving of God</a>.[At CCEL]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Catherine of Siena (1347-1380): <a href="http://www.ccel.org/catherine/dialog/dialog.html">Dialogue</a>, 1370. [At CCEL] See also <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03447a.htm">Catholic Encyclopedia: Catherine of Siena, Saint</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Julian of Norwich (1343-1443): <a href="http://www.ccel.org/j/julian/revelations/">Revelations of Divine Love</a>, 1371 [At CCEL] See also <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08557a.htm">Catholic Encyclopedia: Juliana of Norwich</a>. </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://ccel.org/ccel/anonymous2/cloud/cloud.">The Cloud of Unknowing</a>, 15th century, trans Evelyn Underhill, [At CCEL] </li> <li class="H_body_text">Catherine of Genoa (1447-1510): <a href="https://www.ewtn.com/catholicism/library/treatise-on-purgatory-9820">Treatise on Purgatory</a>.[At EWTN] </li> <li> John of Ruysbroeck (1293-1381): <a href="http://www.ccel.org/ccel/ruysbroeck/adornment.html">The Adornment of Spiritual Marriage</a>, [At CCEL]</li> <li> Thomas à Kempis (c.1380-1471) :<a href="http://www.ccel.org/ccel/kempis/imitation.html">The Imitation of Christ</a>, modern translation, [At CCEL]</li> <li> Thomas à Kempis (c.1380-1471): <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/1653">The Imitation of Christ</a>, translated by  William Benham [Project Gutenberg Release #1653] </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.ccel.org/ccel/gardner/cell/files/cell.html">The Cell of Self-Knowledge</a>. Seven Early English Mystical Treatises, [At CCEL]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Walter Hilton (d.1396): <a href="https://www.ccel.org/ccel/hilton/treatise">Treatise Written to A Devout Man</a>.[At CCEL]</li> <li> Johannes Tauler: <a href="http://www.ccel.org/ccel/tauler/inner_way.html">The Inner Way</a> [At CCEL] </li> <li> St. John of the Cross: <a href="http://www.ccel.org/ccel/john_cross/canticle.html">Spiritual Canticle of the Soul</a>. [At CCEL]</li> <li> St. John of the Cross: <a href="http://www.ccel.org/ccel/john_cross/dark_night.html">Dark Night of the Soul </a> [At CCEL] </li> <li> St. John of the Cross: <a href="http://www.ccel.org/ccel/john_cross/ascent.html">Ascent of Mount Carmel</a> [At CCEL] </li> <li> St. John of the Cross: <a href="https://archive.org/details/completeworksofs02johnuoft">Collected Works</a> [At Internet Archive] </li> <li> <a href="http://www.ccel.org/t/teresa/">St. Teresa of Avila</a> [Information, At CCEL] </li> <li> St. Theresa of Avila: <a href="http://www.ccel.org/ccel/teresa/life.html">The Life</a>. [At CCEL] </li> <li> St. Theresa of Avila: <a href="http://www.ccel.org/ccel/teresa/way.html">The Way of Perfection</a>. [At CCEL] </li> <li> St. Theresa of Avila: <a href="http://www.ccel.org/ccel/teresa/castle2.html">The Interior Castle</a>. [At CCEL] </li> </ul> <a href="#index">Jump Back to Contents</a>  <hr /> <a name="appIII" id="appIII">APPENDIX III: Saintly Miscellany</a> There are quite a number of web sites which are of interest for studying the saints and hagiograph-hese sites often contain first rate source material, but they intermix it with a good deal of overtly modern religious commentary. They are listed here - with an indication of their value - but need to be used with care by those engaging in scholarship. <ul> <li> Paul Halsall. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050626081137/http://www.unf.edu/classes/saints/">Saints, Sainthood, and Society</a>. Syllabus and Additional Resources for a class taught in 2005. [At Internet Archive]</li> <li><a href="http://www.coptic.net/EncyclopediaCoptica/">Encyclopedia Coptica</a> With a great deal of information on Coptic Christianity, and some on Coptic saints.</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.liturgialatina.org/martyrologium/35.htm">The Roman Martyrology</a> Version up to Benedict XIV's revisions in 18th Century. In Latin </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.catholic.org/saints/">Catholic Online Saints</a> [At catholic.org] Extensive, but mostly short, entries in what amounts to an online Dictionary of Saints. Not entirely reliable - it does not always make clear, for instance, that there may be many martyrs with the same name.</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.cin.org/saints.html">Catholic Information Network: Saints and Martyrs</a>. [At catholic.org] Extensive, but mostly short, entries in what amounts to an online Dictionary of Saints. Uses many texts from Alban Butler.</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www2.gol.com/users/stuart/celtsnt.html">The Celtic Saints</a>. [At gol.com] from Edward C. Sellner: Wisdom of the Celtic Saints</li> <li> <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/19990422112114/http://www.ncf.carleton.ca/~ai598/saints.htm">Celtic and Old English Saints of the Orthodox Church</a>. [At Internet Archive]</li> <li> <a href="http://www.otkenyer.hu/halsall/lgbh-gaysts.html">Calendar of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgendered Saints</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110607062241/http://www3.dcs.hull.ac.uk/genealogy/royal/saints.html">Genealogy of Popes and Saints</a> [At Internet Archive] Attempts to show the family relationships of medieval saints and popes. </li> </ul> <a name="appIV" id="appIV">APPENDIX IV: Bibliographies</a>  <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Paul Halsall: <a href="https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Paul%20Halsall-Saints%20Research%20Guide%202005.pdf"> Saints: A Research Guide</a> 2005 [PDF]</li> <li class="H_body_text">John McDonald Howe: <a href="http://myweb.ttu.edu/jhowe/List_of_Lives/">Lists of Lives</a> [At TTU] [Internet Archive verion <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201019214411/http://www.myweb.ttu.edu/jhowe/List_of_Lives/">here</a>] A kind of bibliligraphy of lists. </li> <li class="H_body_text">Paul Halsall: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050715075116/http://www.unf.edu/classes/saints/saintsresearch.htm">Bibliography and Research Guide</a></li> <li class="H_body_text">Paul Halsall: <a href="https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/byzantinesaint-bibliography.pdf">The Byzantine Saint: A Bibliography</a> 2005 [PDF]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Alice Mary Talbot: <a href="https://www.doaks.org/research/byzantine/resources/hagiography/translations-byzantine-saints-lives">Translations of Byzantine Saints: Lives Listed Chronologically</a> and <a href="https://www.doaks.org/research/byzantine/resources/hagiography/alphabetical-order-by-saints-name">Alphabetically by Saint's Name</a> [At Dumbarton Oaks]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Paul Halsall: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050626081633/http://www.unf.edu/classes/saints/saintsinmovies.htm">History of Sainthood in the Movies</a></li> <li class="H_body_text">Bibliographies compiled by Tom Head </li> <ul > <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://the-orb.arlima.net/encyclop/religion/hagiography/bguide.htm">A Guide to the Sources of Late Antique and Medieval Hagiography</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://the-orb.arlima.net/encyclop/religion/hagiography/broman.htm">The Cult of the Saints in the Late Roman Empire</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://the-orb.arlima.net/encyclop/religion/hagiography/bbarbar.htm">The Cult of the Saints in the Barbarian Kingdoms</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://the-orb.arlima.net/encyclop/religion/hagiography/bcarol.htm">The Cult of the Saints in the Carolingian Empire</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://the-orb.arlima.net/encyclop/religion/hagiography/bcult.htm">The Cult of the Saints from the Tenth through the Twelfth Centuries</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://the-orb.arlima.net/encyclop/religion/hagiography/bnewsts.htm">New Saints of the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://the-orb.arlima.net/encyclop/religion/hagiography/bfemale.htm">Female Sanctity in the Later Middle Ages</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://the-orb.arlima.net/encyclop/religion/hagiography/bfriars.htm">The Mendicant Orders and Sanctity in the Later Middle Ages</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://the-orb.arlima.net/encyclop/religion/hagiography/bdevote.htm">The Culture of Devotion in the Later Middle Ages</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://the-orb.arlima.net/encyclop/religion/hagiography/bxtian.htm">A General Bibliography for Research in the History of Medieval Christianity</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://the-orb.arlima.net/encyclop/religion/hagiography/btrans1.htm">Works of Hagiography from before 1000 AD Available in English Translation</a></li> </ul> </ul> <hr /> NOTES: copyrighted means the text is not available for free distribution. 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