CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913652867c034011',cH: '7aYHD7xE5PESevcmdKJ7A5XEN0ZpMI.m7fkEcA_3dZM-1739801022-1.2.1.1-96RWxj8I_0ytn_I0tB3OSrZbyFe9s9zkSBHONnLAgNr_htI2PIAnnfDjS84SjK5n',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Joel%20Ben-Awal&__cf_chl_tk=scOX9ays20N_nCAVB8NBg9ETJrxfPbaMuYT_hvAf17w-1739801022-1.0.1.1-Udfwf66hUjrdCxwN6t.aXPpuFYDtq1ckgGKAFNK8lWM",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739801022',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Joel%20Ben-Awal&__cf_chl_f_tk=scOX9ays20N_nCAVB8NBg9ETJrxfPbaMuYT_hvAf17w-1739801022-1.0.1.1-Udfwf66hUjrdCxwN6t.aXPpuFYDtq1ckgGKAFNK8lWM",md: "sijNHqow5LKeOKJNXGI5DOGxoAY7S9DV3vzboIoK_.U-1739801022-1.2.1.1-iEkhf6Hn1BEFweHczHwdbM.f2myD0WmyqcMqQv1IJ8WwVCiGgbNpaq0UHtIUsWMyr8KrFP7UuUfNTvqA8LHdF6gDYdsMGXF2wyeeiX7ILO1jJYKs1mfD5wnT7L2nnBTj9ZdfD864nn.fEc0eiF9tq3QA4pC3RDYtsH5r2asyNNGEA35w0pEShJTmstInyKlMPocbUReWqpu6vagC6NhFWRy9B05PcUE7mNY2t_ONthHnmaBwGhqoQS9YDmi8n8.2XxMXwSTaaAbnDXx.C7UVA66D5ZvLtbz6R1alLEXFfNeiKYesHuZdj.HDn0VqB8tl1FvyESl.0U17kypnqFNh4EpW286yMJvQ708L11xK0xDdi3emNquA8MtDwCg1QNk4gsscK5P50I.63Ooq7MnDO44yAwZI4NpJPVSbXCG0FZvWXEWhEFpctu0OrvM8N2Qd24AsOSzP_R.SYph2P9EPpeaUN72c.ZRlSDeyM320Rv61RtAzCBeVBdH5Qm6bEMR.10vxE5TsFypTGTyTlt4DDK5cg60UnwfP7K47.FnZiBdnWw_38n77EXL7B3s_0g2gvbubahXUcpcHya.RoAOm7e6qCNNH1IF2ff1Y6zqYYlfaB8Kd62UaiWrBxvGGvZ4Zfq17K_eW.WbtEByavIiLgHVzdXCtcyI79R9maIjBf87EzFUazC50JvD5.nslVdvzRnThryPiP56M4R4CgKQB93m_J9qSHEm2d51Dp6hxodcWtDQU_1X4HiTLNBp.faaPxj7REZ0ItWcPLc6joomLFkqQasb2GFmPWxqx.bq8J0sBz_3e_O3YHEUcQEmVPGrD7vgqKGrjnkuP_G3RVEb96QdXZ6JZx7D7A7n_VXlXo3FvshpWk6x.BxmIQxc16hOvtuR6IVU.3XvAicKOwhAjvDQ7QzM.H7AJI39GUVLUKxfQtuX0F73UysfQjY2OuJfqQoVaEKHWQOamPpm5YZ4m2be102MJFkm8biRCjovH.CFb.ReEkJOmq2zVxfRLoArr_Zw.omsiDX66m.B6X77OdbgZBIOwL.iQwPQrcPQblSSQXijHP8FIR.DnNspTNxpwpwoLEflVKi3QcXroEkVu72IOS8sntN1D4Q7qEgzHmM3nVI0.FXHYW8xECh85fWMQWofXEntk98DiO.pJQxoD7ZTlP1vQddzz29a_K0YaRSevdeKZEIj9NKj5WaYf3Pnw.nYDZdBgBRaQ842uehsd9BFJQ9aSe1OMvgsYbq1lq62oMMaf6CEMs.uN_XRiYPrGIkK9yBPXalIXu8N_LQKDo4bZSp9OB4OfVIo3gRmgevOmuoGKyiTNDM56gKDwruoLDqyAuUbfdpR3wO_t8Ij6WN7X5hLp.GZ7u_.r6p7MCUNgF5Ko8yMvwtRyBC1PKcAGB33TVEvwTrHWjeJRns4pxIHMMbbZwhtVf2joVh6JTBNwknQrgWvUlRr.xFV2DoXCFRcm6OOmhlzcP6bImDopvvVCVur863yYG2ApX_FVl0LmjklAzMNXy4.SNDolyjhDYbfFVs8rEBnt_QWel_bIQoYJKnAaui3VQ1ZBnaAWlFYG8sQfhDMx5PtyXps62f6vqLuvDeMMJ2_Q9qlm.jThg6QmXUtiW6wGLveBaGViMu8Q.PabbNX66WdHGvS.DdjRhQuvrCevMIubWpd0YYpTLPneeK81oIv0OXtLq7B9rVLcTtcAxp7CHZ6Ms3JzyKFpe2a27GCgs74OfjZTF_9ttEkTlzpj0zf2PmWt5NOxJB5pMBoazUaGx.Ye9Tr7Yloc.5Q_oLDyzXx0eLz04cSe2sA2vSIv3Rin7RV6hAW0SX4jTWRgAZYRo2Hg0YHfe1Fxk1JhVFdKUSvmhQ17JhdcoI74eYXw3fW.vBi72KJ5cktY3Inku06D7OX1yJd5eoC01bt7pziWDso766vTS1IP3Lstl7ROLPlE5428UUG9l5U",mdrd: "eMwHBccg2UZmzEle2iCC0jsvdpu34zsLJB_A0MaboCM-1739801022-1.2.1.1-OiMsCOwwuQHMK.5_3LdCBlclPB89d2FhrWdTH6abz4nMu.o8cf0ECWKoMvqBHOeFSEjo3FBOxMlBsmoD1sd9EuC5A5qaLengLTYehrIUuQmfpCHk1E9B6pe243dHbG1HiOX5EZ1Kde0xs.rPgJJodwSy0qy9rXn.4aYo4t_4ovEMC4Swr7lQBt14QJq.cNDmx9KBi8M439xJuLfWPKTW_xOs4zM3ZuFMFE5mPAuLZyk10c1MSgCUGr.R9yRSILMvbnfX1nkMGBofJ3x3GJexIW33XQJbG3jjLLumEY7ti0RGybaU63M.xIU3iV7WM_k_NF9vmhNTkuS1be5TuLBLLIWi3zUun9uWJKMASuWut8s3c_7qmY7u7TGWRtYCMIjuZoCs.YxHwc_cn91XveHxZH2836Fm8CHaDLc2EDm3NeAu3owfFEONE2Eau1b_e2QiImgHxn_i5iNlBV_2lj2H_nFuzBCzkcO5qggneRdgwORdfvVX2E7Q9unSbzCJMrzwwF7bqb5bAlvifCXRnRM4LNnXXL.D3yPYeBsWrKMTk.2jdy2ToGIx8X8a3Asj3Ii4pczBQCNi7nMRk6Lk47k0SGFhXDu6UUNXl2Thd1CT1EIK1VWM4V0X_Rt4hbum5wTlLkIhGa4KmVid7NY5WC0rtBS5i0y3da2FO24Vp_dAK8lRAqCTklVh5lXTOxLvZWKHGU58CPM4a.nsopoEeExJUcvCYmPTXAwTA7QAKYIDAb9ZfVhTZDTBVRJ2UKvm4LL.h64sZAesIpEFjt1TZn2JW1Iux1.duWncEUQxSd_ifKjsV0aDquCiNvzlD.u_ke.H5.cI8H79pN1K09cX0yCYnsdYPexMO1cxSwJlXjbRALFSRXi2G1TPcVtYkH9hqKahQt1vt2kWglrZFz7NfSONgJNxJkP.59XpfQx4kjnyBsuNtkMK3auzdGGWU4e1xnHLaF6jAgO8Bt_u9m4HyGVjwCDHMFgTQUaszlIGEIFhSGijoMpbxevixtmwh5ro_7oQH5_7egc9amAH7Ubx8BgDEDr_10BdKbyHGKkgSGgW4d3gWeBrpREA8WPc_tuT3jI1krLHmpZ2jbpuhrzjEsdCRmuSiP_XDlQBSc4jwjtP..1H0KaHjLT0SM.eP0XYAffJrgw1UoR9I5gPLgF.Rv5wNRjMdJkNOzYMwpeVnqvKE9jNocYMvq7MGMhsuvW29RpgugAKvR3pMLeoNd0WWjwfKRg78zNemdCOget4GS0N_WnG2vBs4NAFEGKTjrjVlH1DklnPp4P1XPsCSenJJPUVYzJ1tQKJjpqrngeRc64XZD1FW5GAdLdmfp9M9eZYWetxjoKkOt2rROAnVidEPrIvSQUPE9EnizP2L1Ehqld7eAYlv5Nt6IOh6EVZ4_v9okP1bgVCOmOs6nUTk68miWPlYmheGFcUnZXBZAUwK5_nQ_LpUTgnrqj8XunAOW1gyEifyXo9Qxvbn8G_88xfezgqU6x8UW4DzNzlylmh2glgIRY62OEoFO6vjtrDlCYKKfguOQhnB76nzjSUb0XY6E_OLhWj_OU8SocFzd6bQSRcThKdxz5tZz0t7rNTsNyDWNdWQaZSW0e3s_wthZuIZ4RJT1kjxLIi6BPyW2r.iIZQYYfVYtBVMjXip_VNr91u0lCYcZ044ok.TayxZ1d3f2dlH8GNT_FAeTbZJ8bj9FRfWOjWK8hpk8MTFLolauW59YUldRGmorZRcDziZrvPXmpeSHzWZp8d.VIytV83rdv7Bw3wlHPAHRT3tNjGhIKuzg5dbG4iUMgyYhwWmiiu1NLzgYbQ1p0CQpQHKYTsQKyOHr_oghAGJKU912nM8Brk6Fi7c5fpsIprlcOxXDzqmd5d6mcrUdWhluAR8Yh1noUQu56BNSEEX6b6exsoiJirnVmYfxkN7hGx9Cun8PxfyWSu8iYJBwWacymEHDqlC6YZk3m3BUrwuzGQTxjQfIRibjLad1MXPOTSN._ONS_iwpjcSQ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913652867c034011';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Joel%20Ben-Awal&__cf_chl_rt_tk=scOX9ays20N_nCAVB8NBg9ETJrxfPbaMuYT_hvAf17w-1739801022-1.0.1.1-Udfwf66hUjrdCxwN6t.aXPpuFYDtq1ckgGKAFNK8lWM" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>