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id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > 个人工具 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans">资助维基百科</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"> 创建账号</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"> 登录</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息">了解详情</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y">贡献</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n">讨论</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div 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id="toc-前殖民时代" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#前殖民时代"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 前殖民时代 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-前殖民时代-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-殖民时代" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#殖民时代"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 殖民时代 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-殖民时代-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-独立战争" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#独立战争"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 独立战争 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-独立战争-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-建国初期" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#建国初期"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 建国初期 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-建国初期-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19世纪" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19世纪"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 19世纪 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19世纪-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20世纪" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20世纪"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 20世纪 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20世纪-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-20世纪著名政治家" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20世纪著名政治家"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6.1 20世纪著名政治家 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20世纪著名政治家-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21世纪" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21世纪"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 21世纪 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21世纪-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-地理" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#地理"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 地理 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-地理-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关地理子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-地理-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-生态" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生态"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 生态 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-生态-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-气候" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#气候"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 气候 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-气候-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-环境问题" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#环境问题"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 环境问题 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-环境问题-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关环境问题子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-环境问题-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-气候变化" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#气候变化"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 气候变化 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-气候变化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相关倡议" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相关倡议"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 相关倡议 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-相关倡议-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-人口" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#人口"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 人口 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-人口-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关人口子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-人口-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-族裔" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#族裔"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 族裔 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-族裔-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-语言" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#语言"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 语言 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-语言-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-宗教" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#宗教"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 宗教 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-宗教-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-教育" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#教育"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 教育 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-教育-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-经济" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#经济"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 经济 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-经济-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关经济子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-经济-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-农业" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#农业"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 农业 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-农业-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-税收" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#税收"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 税收 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-税收-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-能源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#能源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 能源 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-能源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-交通" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#交通"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 交通 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-交通-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关交通子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-交通-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-区域性公共交通" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#区域性公共交通"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 区域性公共交通 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-区域性公共交通-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-长途列车和巴士" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#长途列车和巴士"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 长途列车和巴士 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-长途列车和巴士-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-轮渡" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#轮渡"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 轮渡 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-轮渡-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-铁路货运" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#铁路货运"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 铁路货运 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-铁路货运-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-航空" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#航空"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.5 航空 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-航空-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-高速公路" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#高速公路"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.6 高速公路 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-高速公路-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-政治与法律" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#政治与法律"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 政治与法律 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-政治与法律-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关政治与法律子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-政治与法律-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-政府" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#政府"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 政府 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-政府-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-行政部门" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#行政部门"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1.1 行政部门 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-行政部门-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-立法部门" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#立法部门"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1.2 立法部门 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-立法部门-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-司法部门" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#司法部门"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1.3 司法部门 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-司法部门-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-国会议员" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#国会议员"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1.4 国会议员 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-国会议员-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-政治" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#政治"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 政治 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-政治-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-市镇及区划" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#市镇及区划"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 市镇及区划 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-市镇及区划-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文化娱乐" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文化娱乐"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 文化娱乐 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-文化娱乐-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-媒体" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#媒体"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 媒体 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-媒体-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-健康" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#健康"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 健康 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-健康-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-体育运动" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#体育运动"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 体育运动 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-体育运动-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注释" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注释"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 注释 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注释-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 参考文献 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考书目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考书目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 参考书目 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考书目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延伸阅读" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延伸阅读"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18 延伸阅读 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-延伸阅读-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关延伸阅读子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-延伸阅读-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-概述和调查" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#概述和调查"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18.1 概述和调查 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-概述和调查-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-第二手来源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#第二手来源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18.2 第二手来源 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-第二手来源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19 外部連結 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > 开关目录 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">麻薩諸塞州</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。191种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-191" aria-hidden="true" > 191种语言 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9B%E1%88%A3%E1%89%B9%E1%88%B0%E1%89%B5%E1%88%B5" title="ማሣቹሰትስ – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ማሣቹሰትስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A6s%C4%8B%C5%ABtsits" title="Mæsċūtsits – 古英语" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Mæsċūtsits" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="ماساتشوستس – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ماساتشوستس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A1%DC%90%DC%A3%DC%90%DC%AC%DC%AB%DC%98%DC%A3%DC%AC%DC%A3" title="ܡܐܣܐܬܫܘܣܬܣ – 阿拉米语" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܡܐܣܐܬܫܘܣܬܣ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="阿拉米语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="ماساشوسيتس – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ماساشوسيتس" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="ماساتشوستس – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ماساتشوستس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_suyu" title="Massachusetts suyu – 艾马拉语" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Massachusetts suyu" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="艾马拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massa%C3%A7usets" title="Massaçusets – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Massaçusets" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%DA%86%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="ماساچوست – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ماساچوست" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81" title="Массачусетс – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Массачусетс" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 巴厘语" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="巴厘语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masa%C4%8Dusetsos" title="Masačusetsos – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Masačusetsos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81" title="Масачусетс – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Масачусетс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%81" title="Масачусэтс – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Масачусэтс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81" title="Масачузетс – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Масачузетс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="मैसाचुसेट्स – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मैसाचुसेट्स" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masajuset" title="Masajuset – 比斯拉马语" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Masajuset" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="比斯拉马语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B8" title="ম্যাসাচুসেটস – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ম্যাসাচুসেটস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%A6%B8" title="ম্যাসাচুসেট্‌স – 比什奴普萊利亞文" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ম্যাসাচুসেট্‌স" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="比什奴普萊利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81" title="Массачусетс – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Массачусетс" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81" title="Массачусетс – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Массачусетс" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%BA%E1%8F%8C%E1%8F%A7%E1%8F%8E%E1%8F%97" title="ᎺᏌᏧᏎᏗ – 切罗基语" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎺᏌᏧᏎᏗ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="切罗基语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%DA%86%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="ماساچووسیتس – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ماساچووسیتس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 科西嘉语" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="科西嘉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massa%C3%A7usets" title="Massaçusets – 克里米亚鞑靼语" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Massaçusets" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="克里米亚鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%81%D1%94%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8A" title="Масачоусєтсъ – 教会斯拉夫语" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Масачоусєтсъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="教会斯拉夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81" title="Массачусетс – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Массачусетс" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B1%CF%87%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%AD%CF%84%CE%B7" title="Μασαχουσέτη – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μασαχουσέτη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masa%C4%89useco" title="Masaĉuseco – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Masaĉuseco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%DA%86%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="ماساچوست – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ماساچوست" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 斐济语" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="斐济语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 法罗语" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 加告兹语" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="加告兹语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8D%83" title="𐌼𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃𐌹𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 – 哥特语" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌼𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃𐌹𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="哥特语" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 马恩语" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="马恩语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makakukeka" title="Makakukeka – 夏威夷语" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Makakukeka" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="夏威夷语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%A6%27%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A1" title="מסצ'וסטס – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מסצ'וסטס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="मैसाचुसेट्स – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मैसाचुसेट्स" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masachos%C3%A8t" title="Masachosèt – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Masachosèt" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A5%D5%A9%D5%BD" title="Մասաչուսեթս – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մասաչուսեթս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A5%D6%81" title="Մասաչուսեց – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Մասաչուսեց" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 国际文字（E）" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="国际文字（E）" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1s%C3%A1chus%E1%BA%B9ts" title="Másáchusẹts – 伊博语" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Másáchusẹts" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="伊博语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masitchusat" title="Masitchusat – 伊努皮克语" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Masitchusat" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="伊努皮克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Iñupiatun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%92%AB%E1%93%B5%E1%93%B2%E1%93%B0%E1%91%A6%E1%94%85" title="ᒫᓵᓲᓰᑦᔅ – 因纽特语" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᒫᓵᓲᓰᑦᔅ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="因纽特语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B5%E3%83%81%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BB%E3%83%83%E3%83%84%E5%B7%9E" title="マサチューセッツ州 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マサチューセッツ州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A9%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="მასაჩუსეტსი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მასაჩუსეტსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masacus%C9%9Bt%C9%A9s%C9%A9" title="Masacusɛtɩsɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Masacusɛtɩsɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81" title="Массачусетс – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Массачусетс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%A4%EC%82%AC%EC%B6%94%EC%84%B8%EC%B8%A0%EC%A3%BC" title="매사추세츠주 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="매사추세츠주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81" title="Массачусетс – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Массачусетс" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetta" title="Massachusetta – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Massachusetta" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 拉迪诺语" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="拉迪诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 利古里亚语" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B9%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%AA%E0%BB%8C" title="ລັດແມສຊາຊູເຊຕສ໌ – 老挝语" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ລັດແມສຊາຊູເຊຕສ໌" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="老挝语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masa%C4%8Dusetsas" title="Masačusetsas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Masačusetsas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masa%C4%8D%C5%ABsetsa" title="Masačūsetsa – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Masačūsetsa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="म्यासेचुसेट्स – 迈蒂利语" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="म्यासेचुसेट्स" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="迈蒂利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81" title="Массачусетс – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Массачусетс" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahakureta" title="Mahakureta – 毛利语" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Mahakureta" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="毛利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81" title="Масачусетс – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Масачусетс" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="മസാച്യുസെറ്റ്സ് – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മസാച്യുസെറ്റ്സ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D1%81" title="Массачусеттс – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Массачусеттс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%A0%EA%AF%A0%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%81" title="ꯃꯥꯁꯁꯥꯆꯨꯁꯦꯠꯠ꯭ꯁ – 曼尼普尔语" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯃꯥꯁꯁꯥꯆꯨꯁꯦꯠꯠ꯭ꯁ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="曼尼普尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="मॅसेच्युसेट्स – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मॅसेच्युसेट्स" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81" title="Массачусетс – 西馬里文" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Массачусетс" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="西馬里文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%86%E1%80%AC%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%86%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA" title="မက်ဆာချူးဆက်ပြည်နယ် – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မက်ဆာချူးဆက်ပြည်နယ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%DA%86%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="ماساچوست – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ماساچوست" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="म्यासेचुसेट्स – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="म्यासेचुसेट्स" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="म्यासेच्युसेत्स – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="म्यासेच्युसेत्स" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81" title="Массачусетс – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Массачусетс" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B8" title="ਮੈਸਾਚੂਸਟਸ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੈਸਾਚੂਸਟਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 邦板牙语" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="邦板牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 帕皮阿门托语" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="帕皮阿门托语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 庇卡底文" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="庇卡底文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="म्यासेच्युसेट्स – 巴利语" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="म्यासेच्युसेट्स" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="巴利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B3" title="میساچیوسٹس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="میساچیوسٹس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%DA%86%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="ماساچوست – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ماساچوست" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_suyu" title="Massachusetts suyu – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Massachusetts suyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 罗曼什语" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="罗曼什语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81" title="Массачусетс – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Массачусетс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81" title="Массачузетс – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Массачузетс" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="मासचुसेट्‍स – 梵语" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मासचुसेट्‍स" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵语" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81" title="Массачусетс – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Массачусетс" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A6%D8%B3%D8%A7%DA%86%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%BD%D8%B3" title="مئساچوسٽس – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="مئساچوسٽس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 北方萨米语" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="北方萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 伊纳里萨米语" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="伊纳里萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masa%C3%A7usec" title="Masaçusec – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Masaçusec" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81" title="Масачусетс – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Масачусетс" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 西里西亚语" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="西里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="மாசச்சூசெட்ஸ் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மாசச்சூசெட்ஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="మాసెచూసెట్స్ – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మాసెచూసెట్స్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81" title="Массачусетс – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Массачусетс" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="รัฐแมสซาชูเซตส์ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐแมสซาชูเซตส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massacusets" title="Massacusets – 塔里什文" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Massacusets" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="塔里什文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81" title="Массачусетс – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Массачусетс" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachus%C3%A9ts_Shitati" title="Massachuséts Shitati – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Massachuséts Shitati" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81" title="Массачусетс – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Массачусетс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%DA%86%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B3" title="میساچوسٹس – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="میساچوسٹس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusets" title="Massachusets – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Massachusets" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 西佛蘭德文" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="西佛蘭德文" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 沃拉普克语" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="沃拉普克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E" title="马萨诸塞 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="马萨诸塞" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMasetshusethi" title="IMasetshusethi – 科萨语" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IMasetshusethi" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="科萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A9%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="მასაჩუსეტსი – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მასაჩუსეტსი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%98%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A2%D7%98%D7%A1" title="מאסאטשוסעטס – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מאסאטשוסעטס" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 壮语" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壮语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 西蘭文" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="西蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E" title="麻薩諸塞州 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="麻薩諸塞州" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E6%B2%99%E6%9C%B1%E8%89%B2%E5%A3%AB%E7%9C%81" title="麻沙朱色士省 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="麻沙朱色士省" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – 祖鲁语" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="祖鲁语" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox geography vcard" style="width:23em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:1.25em; white-space:nowrap">麻薩諸塞州</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#cddeff; font-weight:bold;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%B7%9E%E4%BB%BD" title="美国州份">联邦州</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=";font-weight:bold;">麻薩諸塞邦 Commonwealth of Massachusetts</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84040992">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="麻薩諸塞州旗幟"><img alt="麻薩諸塞州旗幟" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/125px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/188px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/250px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="900" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E5%B7%9E%E6%97%97" title="麻薩諸塞州州旗">州旗</a></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="麻薩諸塞州官方圖章"><img alt="麻薩諸塞州官方圖章" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg/85px-Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg/128px-Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg/170px-Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="448" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E5%B7%9E%E5%BE%BD" title="麻薩諸塞州州徽">州徽</a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="">綽號：海灣之州 朝圣之州 清教徒之州 旧殖民地之州 焗豆之州<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="">格言：Ense petit placidam sub libertate quietem (<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="拉丁语">拉丁语</a>) <a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B9%E4%BB%97%E5%89%91%E5%AF%BB%E6%89%BE%E9%95%BF%E7%9C%A0%E4%BA%8E%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%B9%8B%E4%B8%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%B9%B3%E9%9D%99" class="mw-redirect" title="她仗剑寻找长眠于自由之下的平静">她仗剑寻找长眠于自由之下的平静</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="">颂歌：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BA%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E6%AC%A2%E5%91%BC" title="为马萨诸塞欢呼">为马萨诸塞欢呼</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/File:Massachusetts_in_United_States_(zoom).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="地图中高亮部分为麻薩諸塞州"><img alt="地图中高亮部分为麻薩諸塞州" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Massachusetts_in_United_States_%28zoom%29.svg/300px-Massachusetts_in_United_States_%28zoom%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Massachusetts_in_United_States_%28zoom%29.svg/450px-Massachusetts_in_United_States_%28zoom%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Massachusetts_in_United_States_%28zoom%29.svg/600px-Massachusetts_in_United_States_%28zoom%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a> 地图中高亮部分为麻薩諸塞州</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="">坐标：<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82757201">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=zh&pagename=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&params=42.3_N_71.8_W_">42°18′N 71°48′W / 42.3°N 71.8°W / 42.3; -71.8</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">国家</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> 美国</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">建州前</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E6%B9%BE%E7%9C%81" title="马萨诸塞湾省">马萨诸塞湾省</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%89%E5%8A%A0%E5%85%A5%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%9F%E6%8E%92%E5%88%97%E7%9A%84%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%B7%9E%E4%BB%BD%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="按加入聯邦日期排列的美國州份列表">加入聯邦</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1788年2月6日 （第6个加入联邦）</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%90%84%E5%B7%9E%E9%A6%96%E5%BA%9C%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="美国各州首府列表">首府</a> （<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%90%84%E5%B7%9E%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="美国各州最大城市列表">最大城市</a>）</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A1%BF" title="波士顿">波士顿</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%89%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%8E%92%E5%88%97%E7%9A%84%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E9%83%BD%E6%9C%83%E5%8D%80%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="按人口排列的美國都會區列表">最大都会区</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A1%BF" title="大波士顿">大波士顿</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;">政府</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E5%B7%9E%E9%95%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="麻薩諸塞州州长（页面不存在）">州长</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Massachusetts" class="extiw" title="en:List of Governors of Massachusetts">List of Governors of Massachusetts</a>）  • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E5%89%AF%E5%B7%9E%E9%95%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="麻薩諸塞州副州长（页面不存在）">副州长</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Massachusetts" class="extiw" title="en:List of lieutenant governors of Massachusetts">List of lieutenant governors of Massachusetts</a>）</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E5%B8%8C%E5%88%A9" title="莫拉·希利">莫拉·希利</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%9A_(%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD)" title="民主党 (美国)">D</a>） <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E5%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="金·德里斯科尔（页面不存在）">金·德里斯科尔</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Driscoll" class="extiw" title="en:Kim Driscoll">Kim Driscoll</a>）（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%9A_(%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD)" title="民主党 (美国)">D</a>）</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%9C%BA%E6%9E%84" class="mw-redirect" title="立法机构">立法机构</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A" title="马萨诸塞州议会">马萨诸塞州议会</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="上议院">上议院</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E5%8F%82%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2" title="马萨诸塞州参议院">马萨诸塞州参议院</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="下议院">下议院</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E4%BC%97%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2" title="马萨诸塞州众议院">马萨诸塞州众议院</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E6%A9%9F%E9%97%9C" title="司法機關">司法機關</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州最高法院（页面不存在）">马萨诸塞州最高法院</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Supreme_Judicial_Court" class="extiw" title="en:Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court">Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court</a>）</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%8F%82%E8%AE%AE%E5%91%98%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="美国马萨诸塞州联邦参议员列表">联邦参议员</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Massachusetts" class="extiw" title="en:List of United States Senators from Massachusetts">List of United States Senators from Massachusetts</a>）</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E8%8E%89%E8%8E%8E%E7%99%BD%C2%B7%E8%8F%AF%E5%80%AB" title="伊莉莎白·華倫">伊丽莎白·沃伦</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E9%BB%A8_(%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B)" class="mw-redirect" title="民主黨 (美國)">D</a>） <a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%9F%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="爱德华·马基">爱德华·马基</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E9%BB%A8_(%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B)" class="mw-redirect" title="民主黨 (美國)">D</a>）</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%97%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2" title="美国众议院">联邦众议员</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">9名民主党成员（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%9B%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美国国会麻薩諸塞州代表团（页面不存在）">列表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Massachusetts" class="extiw" title="en:United States congressional delegations from Massachusetts">United States congressional delegations from Massachusetts</a>））</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;">面积<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • 总计</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">27,337 平方公里（10,565 平方英里）</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • 陸地</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">20,306 平方公里（7,840 平方英里）</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • 水域</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">7,032 平方公里（2,715 平方英里）  26.1%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">面积排名</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">全美第<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%90%84%E5%B7%9E%E9%9D%A2%E7%A7%AF%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="美国各州面积列表">44</a>名</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;">尺寸</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • 长度</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">296 千米（190 英里）</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • 宽度</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">184 千米（115 英里）</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">海拔</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">150 公尺（500 英尺）</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">最高海拔 （<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%9B%B7%E6%B4%9B%E5%85%8B%E5%B1%B1" title="格雷洛克山">格雷洛克山</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[a]</a>）</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1,063.4 公尺（3,489 英尺）</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">最低海拔 （大西洋）</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">0 公尺（0 英尺）</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;">人口（2020<a href="#cite_note-2020Census-6">[5]</a>）</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • 總計</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">7,033,469人</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • 排名</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%90%84%E5%B7%9E%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="美國各州人口列表">全美第15名</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="人口密度">密度</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">346人/平方公里（897人/平方英里）</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • 密度排名</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%90%84%E5%B7%9E%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="美國各州人口密度列表">全美第3名</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%AD%E6%94%B6%E5%85%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美国家庭收入（页面不存在）">家庭收入中值</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Household_income_in_the_United_States" class="extiw" title="en:Household income in the United States">Household income in the United States</a>）</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">$77,385<a href="#cite_note-5">[4]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • 收入排名</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">全美第5名</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BA%E5%9F%9F%E5%B1%85%E6%B0%91%E7%A7%B0%E8%B0%93%E8%AF%8D" title="区域居民称谓词">居民称谓</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">Bay Stater （官方）<a href="#cite_note-7">[6]</a> Massachusite （传统）<a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a> Massachusettsan （美國政府出版局推荐）<a href="#cite_note-gpo-10">[9]</a> Masshole （诋毁<a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a> 或者亲切<a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a>）</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;">语言</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="美国的语言">官方语言</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="英語">英語</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="美国的语言">口头语言</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英语">英语</a>（单一）77.4%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD" title="西班牙语">西班牙语</a> 8.6%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E8%AA%9E" title="葡萄牙語">葡萄牙語</a> 2.8%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="汉语">汉语</a> 2.1%<a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%90%84%E5%B7%9E%E7%B8%AE%E5%AF%AB%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8#郵政代碼" title="美國各州縮寫列表">郵政代碼</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr" style="">MA</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166码</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style=""><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:US" title="ISO 3166-2:US">US-MA</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%90%84%E5%B7%9E%E7%B8%AE%E5%AF%AB%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="美國各州縮寫列表">传统缩写</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">Mass.</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B6%E5%8C%BA" title="时区">时区</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9205:00" title="UTC−05:00">UTC−05:00</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%BE%8E%E4%B8%9C%E9%83%A8%E6%97%B6%E5%8C%BA" title="北美东部时区">Eastern</a>）</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6" title="夏时制">夏时制</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9204:00" title="UTC−04:00">UTC−04:00</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%BE%8E%E4%B8%9C%E9%83%A8%E6%97%B6%E5%8C%BA" title="北美东部时区">EDT</a>）</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">纬度</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">41° 14′ N 至 42° 53′ N</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">经度</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">69° 56′ W 至 73° 30′ W</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">網站</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mass.gov/">www.mass.gov</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><table class="infobox" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; float: right;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:;">「马萨诸塞」的各地常用名稱</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; background-color:; width:4em;;">中国大陸</th><td class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 1rem;;">马萨诸塞 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; background-color:; width:4em;;">臺灣</th><td class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 1rem;;">麻薩諸塞、麻省、麻州 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; background-color:; width:4em;;">港澳</th><td class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 1rem;;">麻省、麻薩諸塞、麻沙朱色士<a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; background-color:; width:4em;;">美国</th><td class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 1rem;;">麻省、麻沙朱色士、麻州</td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><table class="infobox mw-collapsible uncollapsed"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:85%; white-space:nowrap;">马萨诸塞州象征</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/250px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/375px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/500px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="900" /></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E5%B7%9E%E6%97%97" title="麻薩諸塞州州旗">马萨诸塞州州旗</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg/150px-Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg/225px-Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg/300px-Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="448" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid;">生物</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%B7%9E%E9%B3%A5%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="美國州鳥列表">州鸟</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">黑头山雀<a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8E%E7%94%9F%E7%81%AB%E9%B8%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="野生火鸡">野生火鸡</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-MassFacts-18">[17]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">州鱼</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E9%B1%88" title="大西洋鱈">大西洋鳕</a><a href="#cite_note-MassFacts-18">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%B7%9E%E8%8A%B1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="美國州花列表">州花</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%94%E6%9C%88%E8%8A%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="五月花（页面不存在）">五月花</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigaea_repens" class="extiw" title="en:Epigaea repens">Epigaea repens</a>）<a href="#cite_note-MassFacts-18">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">昆虫</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E6%98%9F%E7%93%A2%E8%99%AB" title="七星瓢虫">七星瓢虫</a><a href="#cite_note-MassFacts-18">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">哺乳动物</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%B2%E8%84%8A%E9%B2%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="露脊鲸">露脊鲸</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%A0%B9%E9%A9%AC" title="摩根马">摩根马</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%99%8E%E6%96%91%E7%8C%AB" title="虎斑猫">虎斑猫</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A1%BF%E3%B9%B4" title="波士顿㹴">波士顿㹴</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">爬行动物</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9F%E5%B8%A6%E8%9B%87%E5%B1%9E" title="束带蛇属">束带蛇</a><a href="#cite_note-MassFacts-18">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%B7%9E%E6%A0%91%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="美国州树列表">州树</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%A6%86" title="美国榆">美国榆</a><a href="#cite_note-MassFacts-18">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid;">非生物</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">饮料</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%94%93%E8%B6%8A%E6%A9%98%E6%B1%81" title="蔓越橘汁">蔓越橘汁</a><a href="#cite_note-MassFacts-18">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">颜色</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">蓝色、绿色、蔓越莓色<a href="#cite_note-MassFacts-18">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">舞蹈</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E5%A1%8A%E8%88%9E" title="方塊舞">方块舞</a><a href="#cite_note-MassFacts-18">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">恐龙</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%AB%E8%B6%B3%E9%BE%8D%E5%B1%AC" title="快足龍屬">快足龍屬</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">食物</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%94%93%E8%B6%8A%E6%A9%98" title="蔓越橘">蔓越橘</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E8%8A%AC" title="玛芬">玛芬</a><a href="#cite_note-MassFacts-18">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E8%85%B0%E8%B1%86" title="白腰豆">白腰豆</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A1%BF%E5%A5%B6%E6%B2%B9%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波士顿奶油派（页面不存在）">波士顿奶油派</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_cream_pie" class="extiw" title="en:Boston cream pie">Boston cream pie</a>）<a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A7%E5%85%8B%E5%8A%9B%E8%B1%86%E9%A4%85%E4%B9%BE" title="巧克力豆餅乾">巧克力豆餅乾</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A0%93%E5%A5%B6%E6%B2%B9%E7%94%9C%E7%94%9C%E5%9C%88" title="波士頓奶油甜甜圈">波士顿奶油甜甜圈</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">化石</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">恐龙足迹化石<a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%B7%9E%E4%BB%BD%E7%9F%BF%E7%89%A9%E3%80%81%E5%B2%A9%E7%9F%B3%E3%80%81%E7%9F%B3%E5%A4%B4%E5%92%8C%E5%AE%9D%E7%9F%B3%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="美国州份矿物、岩石、石头和宝石列表">宝石</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%94%B7%E8%96%87%E8%BE%89%E7%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="蔷薇辉石">蔷薇辉石</a><a href="#cite_note-MassFacts-18">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%B7%9E%E4%BB%BD%E7%9F%BF%E7%89%A9%E3%80%81%E5%B2%A9%E7%9F%B3%E3%80%81%E7%9F%B3%E5%A4%B4%E5%92%8C%E5%AE%9D%E7%9F%B3%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="美国州份矿物、岩石、石头和宝石列表">矿石</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%85%E9%93%81%E7%81%B0%E7%9F%B3" title="硅铁灰石">硅铁灰石</a><a href="#cite_note-MassFacts-18">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%97%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="美国州诗列表">州诗</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">马萨诸塞州的蓝山<a href="#cite_note-MassFacts-18">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%B7%9E%E4%BB%BD%E7%9F%BF%E7%89%A9%E3%80%81%E5%B2%A9%E7%9F%B3%E3%80%81%E7%9F%B3%E5%A4%B4%E5%92%8C%E5%AE%9D%E7%9F%B3%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="美国州份矿物、岩石、石头和宝石列表">石头</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">罗克斯伯里布丁石<a href="#cite_note-MassFacts-18">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">贝壳</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E5%B3%A8%E8%9E%BA" title="新英格兰峨螺">新英格兰峨螺</a><a href="#cite_note-MassFacts-18">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">船只</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%89%BE%E8%8F%B2%C2%B7M%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E5%8F%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="艾菲·M·莫里西号（页面不存在）">艾菲·M·莫里西号</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effie_M._Morrissey" class="extiw" title="en:Effie M. Morrissey">Effie M. Morrissey</a>）<a href="#cite_note-MassFacts-18">[17]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%90%84%E5%B7%9E%E6%98%B5%E7%A7%B0%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="美国各州昵称列表">口号</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">讓它成為你專屬 （Make It Yours）<a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%B7%9E%E5%9C%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="美国州土列表">州土</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%95%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E9%A1%BF%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="帕克斯顿土（页面不存在）">帕克斯顿土</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paxton_(soil)" class="extiw" title="en:Paxton (soil)">Paxton (soil)</a>）<a href="#cite_note-MassFacts-18">[17]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">运动</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">篮球<a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E7%9A%84%E7%BC%96%E5%8F%B7%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF" title="美国的编号公路">州道标志</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/File:MA_Route_28.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="马萨诸塞州 state route marker"><img alt="马萨诸塞州 state route marker" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/MA_Route_28.svg/85px-MA_Route_28.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/MA_Route_28.svg/128px-MA_Route_28.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/MA_Route_28.svg/170px-MA_Route_28.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="601" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD50%E5%B7%9E25%E7%BE%8E%E5%88%86%E7%BA%AA%E5%BF%B5%E5%B8%81" title="美国50州25美分纪念币">25美分纪念币</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/File:2000_MA_Proof.png" class="mw-file-description" title="马萨诸塞州 quarter dollar coin"><img alt="马萨诸塞州 quarter dollar coin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/2000_MA_Proof.png/86px-2000_MA_Proof.png" decoding="async" width="86" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/2000_MA_Proof.png/130px-2000_MA_Proof.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/2000_MA_Proof.png/172px-2000_MA_Proof.png 2x" data-file-width="1086" data-file-height="1072" /></a><div>发行于2000年<a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table> 麻薩諸塞州（英語：Massachusetts，<a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/En-us-Massachusetts.ogg" title="聆聽"><img alt="聆聽" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Speakerlink-new.svg/11px-Speakerlink-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Speakerlink-new.svg/17px-Speakerlink-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Speakerlink-new.svg/22px-Speakerlink-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="11" data-file-height="11" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-Massachusetts.ogg" title="File:En-us-Massachusetts.ogg">i</a><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="Help:英語國際音標">/ˌmæsəˈtʃuːsɪts/</a>，<a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="Help:英語國際音標">/-zɪts/</a>），正式名稱為麻薩諸塞邦（Commonwealth of Massachusetts）<a href="#cite_note-46">[b]</a>，简称麻州、麻省，是位於<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美國</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%9D%B1%E5%8C%97%E9%83%A8" title="美國東北部">東北部</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%B7%9E%E4%BB%BD" title="美国州份">州</a>，為<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="美國革命">美國獨立</a>時最初的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="十三殖民地">十三州</a>之一，也是<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD" title="新英格蘭">新英格蘭</a>六州裡人口最密集的一个。该州的东方为<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B" title="大西洋">大西洋</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%85%E5%9B%A0%E6%B9%BE" title="缅因湾">缅因湾</a>，西南方为<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E4%B9%83%E7%8B%84%E5%85%8B%E5%B7%9E" title="康乃狄克州">康乃狄克州</a>，东南方为<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E5%BE%B7%E5%B2%9B%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="罗德岛州">罗德岛州</a>，西北方为<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%B7%9E" title="佛蒙特州">佛蒙特州</a>，东北方为<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%BD%95%E5%B8%83%E4%BB%80%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%9E" title="新罕布什尔州">新罕布什尔州</a>，西边则为<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6%E5%B7%9E" title="纽约州">纽约州</a>。马萨诸塞州的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="首府">首府</a>及最大城市為<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A1%BF" title="波士顿">波士頓</a>，是整个新英格兰地区的最大城市。该州为<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A1%BF" title="大波士顿">大波士顿都会区</a>的所在地，对全美的历史、学术以及工业发展有着极为深远和巨大的影响<a href="#cite_note-GreaterBoston-47">[45]</a>。其最初以<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A" title="农业">农业</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%94%E4%B8%9A" title="渔业">渔业</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B8%E6%98%93" title="贸易">贸易</a>为经济支柱，<a href="#cite_note-48">[46]</a>而随着<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="工业革命">工业革命</a>，该州经济开始向<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%B6%E9%80%A0%E4%B8%9A" title="制造业">制造业</a>转型<a href="#cite_note-49">[47]</a>。到了20世纪，马萨诸塞州<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%A5%87%E8%BF%B9" title="马萨诸塞奇迹">经济又开始向服务业转型</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[48]</a>。今天的马萨诸塞州，是全球<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="生物技术">生物技术</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="工程学">工程</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="高等教育">高教</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D" title="金融">金融</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E8%BF%90" title="航运">航运</a>领域的领导者<a href="#cite_note-51">[49]</a>。 马萨诸塞州最早是英国的殖民地。1620年，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%9C%88%E8%8A%B1%E5%8F%B7" title="五月花号">五月花号</a>的清教徒建立了<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E8%8C%85%E6%96%AF%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="普利茅斯殖民地">普利茅斯殖民地</a>。1630年，以该地原住民<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞人（页面不存在）">马萨诸塞人</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusett" class="extiw" title="en:Massachusett">Massachusett</a>）而得名的<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E7%81%A3%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="麻薩諸塞灣殖民地">麻薩諸塞灣殖民地</a>又在波士顿和塞勒姆建立了定居点。1692年，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%8B%92%E5%A7%86_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="塞勒姆 (马萨诸塞州)">塞勒姆</a>及其周边地区发生了<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E9%AB%94%E6%AD%87%E6%96%AF%E5%BA%95%E9%87%8C" title="集體歇斯底里">集體歇斯底里</a>事件，即<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%8B%92%E5%A7%86%E5%AE%A1%E5%B7%AB%E6%A1%88" title="塞勒姆审巫案">塞勒姆审巫案</a>。<a href="#cite_note-52">[50]</a>1777年，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E8%AF%BA%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF" title="亨利·诺克斯">亨利·诺克斯</a>将军在<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%99%AE%E6%9E%97%E8%8F%B2%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="斯普林菲尔德 (马萨诸塞州)">春田市</a>成立了<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E7%94%B0%E5%85%B5%E5%B7%A5%E5%BB%A0" title="春田兵工廠">春田兵工厂</a>，在工业革命期间促进了很多技术的进步，其中包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E4%BA%92%E6%8F%9B%E9%9B%B6%E4%BB%B6" title="可互換零件">可互换零件</a>技术的推广。<a href="#cite_note-53">[51]</a>1786年，谢斯起义爆发，对<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%88%A9%E5%9D%9A%E5%90%88%E4%BC%97%E5%9B%BD%E5%88%B6%E5%AE%AA%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" title="美利坚合众国制宪会议">美利坚合众国制宪会议</a>造成了一定的影响。<a href="#cite_note-shay-54">[52]</a>18世纪，由于<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%89%E6%99%AE%E6%95%A6_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="北安普敦 (马萨诸塞州)">北安普敦</a>传教士<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E7%B4%8D%E6%A3%AE%C2%B7%E6%84%9B%E5%BE%B7%E8%8F%AF%E8%8C%B2" title="喬納森·愛德華茲">喬納森·愛德華茲</a>的传教活动，新教会的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E5%A4%A7%E8%A7%89%E9%86%92" class="mw-redirect" title="第一次大觉醒">第一次大觉醒</a>运动迅速席卷了英国本土及<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="十三殖民地">十三殖民地</a>。<a href="#cite_note-55">[53]</a>到了18世纪末期，发生在波士顿的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A1%BF%E5%80%BE%E8%8C%B6%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="波士顿倾茶事件">倾茶事件</a>成为了美国独立战争的导火索，使得波士顿成为了美国“自由的摇篮”。<a href="#cite_note-56">[54]</a> 马萨诸塞州在整个美国科学、商业和文化的发展中都扮演了不可或缺的角色。在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E6%88%98" class="mw-redirect" title="美国内战">美国内战</a>之前，马萨诸塞州是<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A2%E5%A5%B4%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" class="mw-redirect" title="廢奴運動">废奴运动</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="禁酒運動">禁酒运动</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[55]</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E9%AA%8C%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="超验主义">超验主义</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[56]</a>运动的中心。<a href="#cite_note-59">[57]</a>而<a href="/wiki/%E7%AF%AE%E7%90%83" title="篮球">篮球</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%92%E7%90%83" title="排球">排球</a>这两项运动皆于19世纪末期诞生于马萨诸塞州，其中篮球诞生于<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%99%AE%E6%9E%97%E8%8F%B2%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="斯普林菲尔德 (马萨诸塞州)">春田</a>，排球诞生于<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%A5%E5%85%8B_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="霍利奥克 (马萨诸塞州)">霍利奥克</a>。<a href="#cite_note-basketball-60">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-volleyball-61">[59]</a>2004年，马萨诸塞州成为了全美第一个承认<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E6%80%A7%E5%A9%9A%E5%A7%BB" title="同性婚姻">同性婚姻</a>的州。<a href="#cite_note-CNNmarriage-62">[60]</a>美国很多政治家族都来自马萨诸塞州，其中包括<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9A%E5%BD%93%E6%96%AF%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亚当斯家族（页面不存在）">亚当斯家族</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adams_political_family" class="extiw" title="en:Adams political family">Adams political family</a>）和<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%AF%E5%B0%BC%E8%BF%AA%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F" title="肯尼迪家族">肯尼迪家族</a>。位于该州的<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="哈佛大学">哈佛大学</a>为美国历史最悠久的大学，<a href="#cite_note-63">[61]</a>同时也是捐赠基金最多的大学，<a href="#cite_note-64">[62]</a>目前<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="美国最高法院">美国最高法院</a>很多法官都毕业于<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E6%B3%95%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="哈佛法学院">哈佛法学院</a>。<a href="#cite_note-65">[63]</a>剑桥的肯德尔广场被称为“地球上最具创新精神的一平方英里”，因为自2010年以来，该广场附近出现了大量创业型初创企业。<a href="#cite_note-66">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[65]</a>哈佛大学和<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E7%9C%81%E7%90%86%E5%B7%A5%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="麻省理工学院">麻省理工学院</a>均位于马萨诸塞州<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%91%E6%A1%A5_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="剑桥 (马萨诸塞州)">剑桥</a>，二者均为全世界最负盛名的学术机构之一。<a href="#cite_note-AcademicRanking2-68">[66]</a>《世界人口评论》称，马萨诸塞州居民的平均智商超过104，<a href="#cite_note-MassachusettsHighestIQ-69">[67]</a>是美国所有州中最高的，该州公立学校学生的学习成绩在世界上名列前茅。<a href="#cite_note-AcademicRanking3-70">[68]</a>该州一直都是全美最宜居的州之一，但其生活成本在美国亦位居前列。<a href="#cite_note-best_states-71">[69]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="词源">词源</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：词源">编辑</a>]</div> 马萨诸塞湾殖民地是以居住在这里的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91" title="原住民">原住民</a>马萨诸塞人命名的，而马萨诸塞人的名字很可能源自于万帕诺亚格语“Muswachasut”，由“mus(ây)”（大）、“wach8”（山）、“-s”（身材矮小的）和“-ut”（表示<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E4%BD%8D%E6%A0%BC" title="方位格">方位格</a>）这几个词根组成。<a href="#cite_note-72">[70]</a>因此这个单词可以翻译为“靠近大山”<a href="#cite_note-73">[71]</a>或“靠近蓝山”，其中蓝山位于<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E9%A1%BF_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="米尔顿 (马萨诸塞州)">米尔顿</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E9%A0%93_(%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="坎頓 (麻薩諸塞州)">坎顿</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton,_Massachusetts" class="extiw" title="en:Canton, Massachusetts">Canton, Massachusetts</a>）的交界处。<a href="#cite_note-74">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[73]</a>除此之外，“马萨诸塞”也很有可能来源于<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8E%AB%E6%96%AF%E9%9F%A6%E5%9B%BE%E5%A1%9E%E7%89%B9%E5%B0%8F%E4%B8%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="莫斯韦图塞特小丘（页面不存在）">莫斯韦图塞特小丘</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moswetuset_Hummock" class="extiw" title="en:Moswetuset Hummock">Moswetuset Hummock</a>），意为“像箭头一样的山”。这座山位于<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%86%E8%A5%BF_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="昆西 (马萨诸塞州)">昆西</a>，其发现者为<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E8%8C%85%E6%96%AF%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="普利茅斯殖民地">普利茅斯殖民地</a>的军官<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%88%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%BF%AA%E4%BB%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="迈尔斯·斯坦迪什（页面不存在）">迈尔斯·斯坦迪什</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myles_Standish" class="extiw" title="en:Myles Standish">Myles Standish</a>）和<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E5%B8%95%E8%AB%BE%E4%BA%9E%E6%A0%BC%E4%BA%BA" title="萬帕諾亞格人">万帕诺亚格人</a>向导<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E5%BB%A3%E5%A4%9A" title="史廣多">史广多</a>。<a href="#cite_note-76">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[75]</a> 该州的正式名称为马萨诸塞邦。<a href="#cite_note-78">[76]</a>虽然在名称中有一个“邦”字，但是这并不意味着该州政治地位与其他州有任何不同。<a href="#cite_note-79">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[78]</a>该名称是1779年<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%BD%93%E6%96%AF" title="约翰·亚当斯">约翰·亚当斯</a>在编撰马萨诸塞州第二版宪法的时候决定的，因为这个词更具有共和的意味，与其他美洲殖民地形成了鲜明的对比。<a href="#cite_note-81">[79]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史">历史</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：历史">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="前殖民时代">前殖民时代</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：前殖民时代">编辑</a>]</div> 在欧洲殖民者到来之前，该地居住着很多使用<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%86%88%E6%98%86%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿尔冈昆语（页面不存在）">阿尔冈昆语</a>的原住民，诸如<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E5%B8%95%E8%AB%BE%E4%BA%9E%E6%A0%BC%E4%BA%BA" title="萬帕諾亞格人">万帕诺亚格人</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%B3%E6%8B%89%E7%94%98%E8%A5%BF%E7%89%B9%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="纳拉甘西特人（页面不存在）">纳拉甘西特人</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narragansett_people" class="extiw" title="en:Narragansett people">Narragansett people</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BC%E6%99%AE%E7%A9%86%E5%85%8B%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尼普穆克人（页面不存在）">尼普穆克人</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nipmuc" class="extiw" title="en:Nipmuc">Nipmuc</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E5%AD%94%E5%9B%BE%E5%85%8B%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波孔图克人（页面不存在）">波孔图克人</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pocomtuc" class="extiw" title="en:Pocomtuc">Pocomtuc</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E5%B8%8C%E5%B9%B2%E4%BA%BA" title="莫希干人">莫希干人</a>以及马萨诸塞人。<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager20006–7-82">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mohican-83">[81]</a>虽然这些原住民有时也会种植南瓜及玉米，但是他们大部分的食物还是通过狩猎、采集和捕鱼取得。<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager20006–7-82">[80]</a>他们的村庄主要由<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E6%A0%BC%E6%B2%83%E5%A7%86" title="维格沃姆">维格沃姆</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E5%B1%8B" title="长屋">长屋</a>组成，<a href="#cite_note-Mohican-83">[81]</a>部落的领导人则是男性或女性的酋长。<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager20007-84">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="殖民时代">殖民时代</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：殖民时代">编辑</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84833064">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%9C%88%E8%8A%B1%E5%8F%B7%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6" title="五月花号公约">五月花号公约</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E8%8C%85%E6%96%AF%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="普利茅斯殖民地">普利茅斯殖民地</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E7%81%A3%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="麻薩諸塞灣殖民地">麻薩諸塞灣殖民地</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E9%A0%98" title="新英格蘭自治領">新英格蘭自治領</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E6%B9%BE%E7%9C%81" title="马萨诸塞湾省">马萨诸塞湾省</a></div> 17世纪早期，很多原住民在与欧洲人接触之后死于源自于旧大陆的传染病。<a href="#cite_note-85">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[84]</a>在1617年到1619年间，大约90%的马萨诸塞湾原住民死于天花。<a href="#cite_note-87">[85]</a><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mayflower_in_Plymouth_Harbor,_by_William_Halsall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Mayflower_in_Plymouth_Harbor%2C_by_William_Halsall.jpg/220px-Mayflower_in_Plymouth_Harbor%2C_by_William_Halsall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Mayflower_in_Plymouth_Harbor%2C_by_William_Halsall.jpg/330px-Mayflower_in_Plymouth_Harbor%2C_by_William_Halsall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Mayflower_in_Plymouth_Harbor%2C_by_William_Halsall.jpg/440px-Mayflower_in_Plymouth_Harbor%2C_by_William_Halsall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1973" data-file-height="1012" /></a><figcaption>普利茅斯港的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%9C%88%E8%8A%B1%E5%8F%B7" title="五月花号">五月花号</a>，威廉·霍尔绘。1620年，清教徒们建立了普利茅斯殖民地</figcaption></figure> 第一批来到马萨诸塞的英国移民是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92" title="清教徒">清教徒</a>，他们于1620年乘“五月花”<a href="#cite_note-88">[86]</a>号抵达普利茅斯，并与当地的<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E5%B8%95%E8%AB%BE%E4%BA%9E%E6%A0%BC%E4%BA%BA" title="萬帕諾亞格人">万帕诺亚格人</a>建立了友好关系。<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldfieldAbbottAndersonArgersinger199829–30-89">[87]</a>这是继<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E6%95%A6_(%E7%B6%AD%E5%90%89%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="詹姆斯敦 (維吉尼亞州)">詹姆斯敦</a>殖民地之后，英国在后来成为美国的北美地区成功建立的第二个永久殖民地。清教徒在新大陆第一次获得丰收后，他们连续进行了三天的庆祝活动，这就是<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E6%81%A9%E8%8A%82" title="感恩节">感恩节</a>的由来。这些清教徒和后续来到美洲的清教徒于1630年在今天位于波士顿的地方建立了<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E7%81%A3%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="馬薩諸塞灣殖民地">马萨诸塞湾殖民地</a>。<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldfieldAbbottAndersonArgersinger199830-90">[88]</a> 清教徒认为英国国教需要净化，这导致他们时常受到英国当局的骚扰，<a href="#cite_note-puritans-91">[89]</a>因此他们打算在马萨诸塞建立一个理想化的宗教社会。<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldfieldAbbottAndersonArgersinger199829-92">[90]</a>与普利茅斯殖民地不同的是，马萨诸塞湾殖民地是1629年根据皇家宪章建立的。<a href="#cite_note-93">[91]</a>在马萨诸塞湾殖民地和普利茅斯殖民地建立后不久，其他很多殖民地也开始在新英格兰地区涌现。由于宗教和政治分歧，马萨诸塞湾殖民地驱逐了<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%A6%AE%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E9%92%A6%E6%A3%AE" title="安妮·哈钦森">安妮·哈钦森</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%9D%B0%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF" title="罗杰·威廉姆斯">罗杰·威廉姆斯</a>等持不同政见者。1636年，威廉斯建立了<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E5%BE%B7%E5%B3%B6%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0%E5%8F%8A%E6%99%AE%E7%BE%85%E7%B6%AD%E7%99%BB%E6%96%AF%E8%8E%8A%E5%9C%92" class="mw-redirect" title="羅德島殖民地及普羅維登斯莊園">罗得岛殖民地</a>，几年后哈金森加入了他的队伍。当时宗教并不宽容，甚至有<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B5%E6%A0%BC%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="贵格会">贵格会</a>传教士被公开鞭打和监禁。<a href="#cite_note-94">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager200030–32-95">[93]</a> 1641年，马萨诸塞殖民地开始向内陆扩张，获得了<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E6%B6%85%E7%8B%84%E6%A0%BC%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="康涅狄格河">康涅狄格河</a>河谷和斯普林菲尔德定居点，但是与<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E6%B6%85%E7%8B%84%E6%A0%BC%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="康涅狄格殖民地">康涅狄格殖民地</a>产生了争端。<a href="#cite_note-96">[94]</a>这次扩张确立了后来马萨诸塞州的西南边界<a href="#cite_note-97">[95]</a>，但是因为因测量误差所造成的领土争端直到1804年才得到解决。<a href="#cite_note-98">[96]</a> 货币问题是殖民地的另一个问题。1652年，马萨诸塞殖民地的立法机关授权翰·赫尔进行钱币铸造工作。赫尔铸币厂在之后的30年间生产了多种硬币，其中包括著名的松树先令，直到因为经济与政治原因而停止。政治原因是主要因素，当时的英国国王<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96_(%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0)" title="查理二世 (英格兰)">查理二世</a>认为赫尔铸币厂涉嫌叛国罪，按照法律可以判处<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%BC%8F%E8%BD%A6%E8%A3%82" class="mw-redirect" title="英式车裂">英式车裂</a>。<a href="#cite_note-99">[97]</a> 1691年，马萨诸塞湾殖民地和普利茅斯殖民地合并为<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E6%B9%BE%E7%9C%81" title="马萨诸塞湾省">马萨诸塞湾省</a>。<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldfieldAbbottAndersonArgersinger199866-100">[98]</a>首任省长<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%8F%B2%E6%99%AE%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="威廉·菲普斯（页面不存在）">威廉·菲普斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Phips" class="extiw" title="en:William Phips">William Phips</a>）任后不久，就在塞勒姆展开了猎巫行动，许多人因涉嫌使用<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%AB%E6%9C%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="巫术">巫术</a>而被处以绞刑。<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager200050-101">[99]</a> 1755年，新英格兰地区发生了大地震，对马萨诸塞造成了严重的破坏。<a href="#cite_note-102">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[101]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="独立战争">独立战争</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：独立战争">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" class="mw-redirect" title="美国独立战争">美国独立战争</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A0%93%E6%88%B0%E5%A0%B4" title="波士頓戰場">波士頓戰場</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%B0%8F%E6%B1%BA%E8%AD%B0%E6%96%87" title="李氏決議文">李氏決議文</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="美国独立宣言">美国独立宣言</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84_(1783%E5%B9%B4)" title="巴黎條約 (1783年)">巴黎條約 (1783年)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Battle_of_Lexington.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/The_Battle_of_Lexington.jpg/230px-The_Battle_of_Lexington.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/The_Battle_of_Lexington.jpg/345px-The_Battle_of_Lexington.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/The_Battle_of_Lexington.jpg/460px-The_Battle_of_Lexington.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="663" /></a><figcaption>关于<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E5%85%8B%E6%98%9F%E6%95%A6%E5%92%8C%E5%BA%B7%E7%A7%91%E5%BE%B7%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9" title="列克星敦和康科德战役">列克星敦和康科德战役</a>的油画</figcaption></figure> 马萨诸塞是美国独立运动的中心，该地长期以来和英国本土关系紧张，甚至早在1680年代就发生过多起针对英国的叛乱。<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldfieldAbbottAndersonArgersinger199866-100">[98]</a>1763年<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%B3%95%E5%8C%97%E7%BE%8E%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="英法北美战争">英法北美战争</a>结束后，英国企图向殖民地征税，这一举动直接导致了抗税运动并最终演变成了1770年的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A1%BF%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%9D%80" title="波士顿大屠杀">波士顿大屠杀</a>，而1773年的波士顿倾茶事件使得局势进一步恶化。<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager200063–83-104">[102]</a>作为报复，<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A" title="英国议会">英国议会</a>于1774年推出了《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%AF%E5%AE%B9%E5%BF%8D%E6%B3%95%E4%BB%A4" title="不可容忍法令">不可容忍法令</a>》，该法令削弱了殖民地的自治权，更加激化了矛盾。<a href="#cite_note-105">[103]</a>借此契机，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%BC%AA%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%BD%93%E6%96%AF" title="塞缪尔·亚当斯">塞缪尔·亚当斯</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E6%B1%89%E8%80%83%E5%85%8B" title="约翰·汉考克">约翰·汉考克</a>等人举行了一系列反议会活动，导致了英国更进一步的报复，这也正是1775年<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="十三殖民地">十三殖民地</a>团结一致对抗英国的原因。<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldfieldAbbottAndersonArgersinger199888–90-106">[104]</a> 发生在马萨诸塞的<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E5%85%8B%E6%98%9F%E6%95%A6%E5%92%8C%E5%BA%B7%E7%A7%91%E5%BE%B7%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9" title="列克星敦和康科德战役">列克星敦和康科德战役</a>普遍被当今史学家视为美国独立战争的第一枪。<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldfieldAbbottAndersonArgersinger199895–96-107">[105]</a>这次战役后，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E5%8D%8E%E7%9B%9B%E9%A1%BF" title="乔治·华盛顿">乔治·华盛顿</a>接管了<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E5%86%9B" title="大陆军">大陆军</a>。华盛顿所取得的第一场胜利是发生在1775年至1776年间的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A1%BF%E4%B9%8B%E5%9B%B4" title="波士顿之围">波士顿围城战</a>，最后以英军撤离波士顿而告终。<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldfieldAbbottAndersonArgersinger199896–97-108">[106]</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E7%A6%8F%E5%85%8B%E7%B8%A3_(%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="沙福克縣 (麻薩諸塞州)">萨福克县</a>设立了一年一度的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%96%8F%E6%95%A3%E6%97%A5_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="疏散日 (马萨诸塞州)（页面不存在）">疏散日</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evacuation_Day_(Massachusetts)" class="extiw" title="en:Evacuation Day (Massachusetts)">Evacuation Day (Massachusetts)</a>），以纪念波士顿围城战的胜利。<a href="#cite_note-109">[107]</a>在美国独立战争期间，沿岸的塞勒姆成为了私掠者们的聚集地，目前仅保留下来的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%81%E6%8E%A0%E8%AE%B8%E5%8F%AF%E8%AF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="私掠许可证">私掠许可证</a>文件就有1700份。在这期间，共800艘船参与了私掠活动，600艘英国船只遭到抢劫。<a href="#cite_note-110">[108]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Official_Presidential_portrait_of_John_Adams_(by_John_Trumbull,_circa_1792).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Official_Presidential_portrait_of_John_Adams_%28by_John_Trumbull%2C_circa_1792%29.jpg/175px-Official_Presidential_portrait_of_John_Adams_%28by_John_Trumbull%2C_circa_1792%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Official_Presidential_portrait_of_John_Adams_%28by_John_Trumbull%2C_circa_1792%29.jpg/263px-Official_Presidential_portrait_of_John_Adams_%28by_John_Trumbull%2C_circa_1792%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Official_Presidential_portrait_of_John_Adams_%28by_John_Trumbull%2C_circa_1792%29.jpg/350px-Official_Presidential_portrait_of_John_Adams_%28by_John_Trumbull%2C_circa_1792%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2398" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>美国第二任总统<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%BD%93%E6%96%AF" title="约翰·亚当斯">约翰·亚当斯</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="建国初期">建国初期</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：建国初期">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%88%A9%E5%9D%9A%E5%90%88%E4%BC%97%E5%9B%BD%E5%88%B6%E5%AE%AA%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" title="美利坚合众国制宪会议">美利坚合众国制宪会议</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%89%E5%8A%A0%E5%85%A5%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%9F%E6%8E%92%E5%88%97%E7%9A%84%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%B7%9E%E4%BB%BD%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="按加入聯邦日期排列的美國州份列表">按加入聯邦日期排列的美國州份列表</a></div> 美国开国元勋约翰·亚当斯为波士顿人，被誉为“独立蓝图”。<a href="#cite_note-111">[109]</a>他曾参与马萨诸塞州宪法的修订工作并推动马萨诸塞州的废奴运动，使得马萨诸塞州成为美国第一个全面废除了奴隶制的联邦州。美国历史学家<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%AB%C2%B7%E9%BA%A6%E5%8D%A1%E6%B4%9B" title="大卫·麦卡洛">大衛·麥卡洛</a>指出，约翰·亚当斯是美国历史上第一个将法院从行政机构中分离的人，这一创举奠定了<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%9D%83%E5%88%86%E7%AB%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="三权分立">三权分立</a>的基础。<a href="#cite_note-112">[110]</a>（1777年通过的《佛蒙特宪法》是美国历史上第一部部分禁止奴隶制的宪法。虽然说佛蒙特州早在1791年就已经加入了美国，但是直到1858年才通过《佛蒙特个人自由法》全面禁止奴隶制。1780年的《宾夕法尼亚州逐渐废奴法案》<a href="#cite_note-113">[111]</a>使宾夕法尼亚州成为第一个通过法令废除奴隶制的州。）后来，亚当斯积极参与美国早期的外交事务，并接替华盛顿成为美国第二任总统。他的儿子<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E6%98%86%E8%A5%BF%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%BD%93%E6%96%AF" title="约翰·昆西·亚当斯">约翰·昆西·亚当斯</a>亦来自马萨诸塞州，<a href="#cite_note-114">[112]</a>后来成为了美国第六任总统。 1786至1787年间，由美国独立战争老兵<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%B0%A2%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="丹尼尔·谢斯">丹尼尔·谢斯</a>领导的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%A2%E6%96%AF%E8%B5%B7%E4%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="谢斯起义">谢斯起义</a>爆发，企图夺取由联邦军控制的军械库（也就是今天的<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E7%94%B0%E5%85%B5%E5%B7%A5%E5%BB%A0" title="春田兵工廠">春田兵工厂</a>），对马萨诸塞州造成了严重的破坏。<a href="#cite_note-shay-54">[52]</a>这次起义促使联邦政府推出了更加强有力的全国宪法，以取代原有的《<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E6%9D%A1%E4%BE%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="联邦条例">联邦条例</a>》。<a href="#cite_note-shay-54">[52]</a>1788年2月6日，马萨诸塞州成为第六个批准<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95" title="美国宪法">美国宪法</a>的州。<a href="#cite_note-115">[113]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19世纪">19世纪</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：19世纪">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E8%8B%8F%E9%87%8C%E5%A6%A5%E5%8D%8F" title="密苏里妥协">密苏里妥协</a></div> 1820年，根据密苏里妥协，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%85%E5%9B%A0%E5%B7%9E" title="缅因州">缅因州</a>脱离了马萨诸塞州成为美国第23个州。<a href="#cite_note-116">[114]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Visitor_Center,_Market_Mills,_Lowell_MA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Visitor_Center%2C_Market_Mills%2C_Lowell_MA.jpg/220px-Visitor_Center%2C_Market_Mills%2C_Lowell_MA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Visitor_Center%2C_Market_Mills%2C_Lowell_MA.jpg/330px-Visitor_Center%2C_Market_Mills%2C_Lowell_MA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Visitor_Center%2C_Market_Mills%2C_Lowell_MA.jpg/440px-Visitor_Center%2C_Market_Mills%2C_Lowell_MA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>马萨诸塞州正是基于纺织业得以在工业革命中成为领导者</figcaption></figure> 在19世纪，马萨诸塞州为美国工业革命的领导者，在波士顿以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E5%8E%84%E5%B0%94_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="洛厄尔 (马萨诸塞州)">洛厄尔</a>附近有大量的纺织以及制鞋工厂，在春田附近也存在着大量的工具生产、纸张制造以及纺织工厂。<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000129-117">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000211-118">[116]</a>在这一时期，马萨诸塞州的经济正在从农业主导转型为工业主导，而工业生产所需能源也从水力转型为蒸汽动力。运河的开凿以及铁路的修建也为生材料及产品的运输提供了帮助。<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000202-119">[117]</a>一开始这些工厂的劳动力来源于周围的农场，到了后来，欧洲以及加拿大移民也被吸引了过来。<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000133–36-120">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000179-121">[119]</a> 尽管马萨诸塞早在17世纪就设立了第一个蓄奴的殖民地，但是在南北战争以前，马萨诸塞州为美国<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%9F%E5%A5%B4%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="废奴主义">废奴主义</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9B%E6%AD%A5%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="进步主义">进步主义</a>运动的中心。在<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%BA%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%9B%BC" title="贺拉斯·曼">贺拉斯·曼</a>的努力下，该州的教育水平也位居美国前列。<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldfieldAbbottAndersonArgersinger1998251-122">[120]</a>而出身于马萨诸塞州的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E6%88%B4%E7%BB%B4%C2%B7%E6%A2%AD%E7%BD%97" title="亨利·戴维·梭罗">亨利·戴维·梭罗</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E7%88%B1%E9%BB%98%E7%94%9F" title="拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生">拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生</a>对美国哲学研究做出了很大的贡献。<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldfieldAbbottAndersonArgersinger1998254-123">[121]</a>除此之外马萨诸塞州还是<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E9%AA%8C%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="超验主义">超验主义</a>运动的发源地，其参与者强调自然世界和情感对人类的重要性。<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldfieldAbbottAndersonArgersinger1998254-123">[121]</a> 虽然马萨诸塞州在很早就出现了反对废奴的呼声，甚至在1835年至1837年间发生过多起反对废奴的骚乱，<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000185-124">[122]</a>但是在接下来的几十年里，反对奴隶制的呼声在不断增加。<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000183-125">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000187–93-126">[124]</a>废奴主义者<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%9C%97_(%E5%BA%9F%E5%A5%B4%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E8%80%85)" title="约翰·布朗 (废奴主义者)">约翰·布朗</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E6%9D%B0%E7%BA%B3%C2%B7%E7%89%B9%E9%B2%81%E6%80%9D" title="索杰纳·特鲁思">索杰纳·特鲁思</a>分别住在马萨诸塞州斯普林菲尔德和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%89%E6%99%AE%E6%95%A6_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="北安普敦 (马萨诸塞州)">北安普顿</a>，而<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E9%81%93%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF" title="弗雷德里克·道格拉斯">弗雷德里克·道格拉斯</a>住在波士顿，<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E7%8F%8A%C2%B7%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%9C%E5%B0%BC" title="苏珊·安东尼">苏珊·安东尼</a>住在马萨诸塞州的亚当斯。正是由于这些人的不懈努力，使得马萨诸塞州在南北战争期间做出了一些行动。马萨诸塞州是第一个招募、训练和武装一支由白人军官指挥黑人士兵军团，即马萨诸塞州第54步兵团的州。<a href="#cite_note-127">[125]</a>1852年，马萨诸塞州成为全美第一个通过义务教育法的州。<a href="#cite_note-compschools-128">[126]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20世纪">20世纪</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：20世纪">编辑</a>]</div> 在20世纪初期，随着数个制造业公司迁出，马萨诸塞州的制造业经济开始陷入衰退。到了20世纪的20年代，由于<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%AD%E8%A5%BF%E9%83%A8" title="美國中西部">美国中西部</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%8D%97%E9%83%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="美国南部">美国南部</a>的制造业兴起，再加上<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%90%A7%E6%9D%A1" title="大萧条">大萧条</a>的影响，马萨诸塞州的纺织、制鞋以及精密机械行业不可避免的陷入了衰退。<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000246-129">[127]</a>这一衰退一直持续到了20世纪的下半叶。1950至1979年间，马萨诸塞州的纺织行业的从业人员的数量从264,000人下降到了63,000人。<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000276-130">[128]</a>尤其是1969年春田兵工厂的停业刺激了马萨诸塞州西部的高薪工作外流，在20世纪最后40年的去工业化过程中，马萨诸塞州损失惨重。<a href="#cite_note-131">[129]</a> 马萨诸塞州在<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98" title="第二次世界大战">第二次世界大战</a>期间生产了全美所有军备的3.4%，在美国所有州中排名第十。<a href="#cite_note-132">[130]</a>二战结束后，马萨诸塞州东部的经济开始从重工业主导转型为服务业主导。<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000275–83-133">[131]</a>在这一时期，政府合同、私人投资和研究设施的建设改善了产业环境，失业率随之降低，个人薪酬有所增加。郊区也开始实现<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%8C%96" title="美国城市化">都市化</a>，在马萨诸塞州的128号公路旁边有很多高科技公司如雨后春笋般冒了出来，吸引了很多受过高等教育的人前来定居。<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000284-134">[132]</a> 1987年，马萨诸塞州获得了中央动脉隧道工程，也就是“<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%BC%80%E6%8E%98" title="大开掘">大开掘</a>”工程的联邦资助，是当时最大的联邦工程项目。<a href="#cite_note-BigDig1-135">[133]</a>该项目计划在波士顿市中心修建一条隧道，并对其他一些主干道做出调整。<a href="#cite_note-BigDig2-136">[134]</a>该项目自始至终都存在着大量的争议，甚至存在不少贪污腐败以及管理不善的指控，预算也由最初的25亿增加到150亿美元。尽管批评的声音很多，但是该工程最终使得波士顿城区的面貌焕然一新。<a href="#cite_note-BigDig1-135">[133]</a>这条隧道连接了之前被高速公路所分割的几片区域，并改善了一些地面线路的交通环境。<a href="#cite_note-BigDig1-135">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-BigDig2-136">[134]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="20世纪著名政治家">20世纪著名政治家</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：20世纪著名政治家">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_F._Kennedy,_White_House_color_photo_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/John_F._Kennedy%2C_White_House_color_photo_portrait.jpg/220px-John_F._Kennedy%2C_White_House_color_photo_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/John_F._Kennedy%2C_White_House_color_photo_portrait.jpg/330px-John_F._Kennedy%2C_White_House_color_photo_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/John_F._Kennedy%2C_White_House_color_photo_portrait.jpg/440px-John_F._Kennedy%2C_White_House_color_photo_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1419" data-file-height="1840" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E8%82%AF%E5%B0%BC%E8%BF%AA" title="约翰·肯尼迪">约翰·肯尼迪</a>出生在马萨诸塞州，是美国第三十五任总统</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/%E8%82%AF%E5%B0%BC%E8%BF%AA%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F" title="肯尼迪家族">肯尼迪家族</a>在20世纪麻萨诸塞州政治中占有非常重要的地位。美国总统<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E8%82%AF%E5%B0%BC%E8%BF%AA" title="约翰·肯尼迪">约翰·肯尼迪</a>、马萨诸塞州联邦参议员<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%82%AF%E5%B0%BC%E8%BF%AA" title="泰德·肯尼迪">泰德·肯尼迪</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[135]</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E5%A5%A7%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E5%85%8B%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="國際特殊奧林匹克組織">国际特殊奥林匹克组织</a>的创办人之一<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E5%A6%AE%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%8E%9B%E4%B8%BD%C2%B7%E8%82%AF%E5%B0%BC%E8%BF%AA" title="尤妮斯·玛丽·肯尼迪">尤妮斯·玛丽·肯尼迪</a>皆为商人及驻英大使<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7P%C2%B7%E8%82%AF%E5%B0%BC%E8%BF%AA" title="老约瑟夫·P·肯尼迪">老约瑟夫·P·肯尼迪</a>的子女。<a href="#cite_note-138">[136]</a>1966年，<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E5%85%8B" title="爱德华·布鲁克">爱德华·布鲁克</a>当选联邦参议员，为美国首位民选非洲裔参议员。<a href="#cite_note-139">[137]</a>美国第41任总统<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7H%C2%B7W%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E4%BB%80" class="mw-redirect" title="乔治·H·W·布什">乔治·H·W·布什</a>于1924年出生于<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E9%A1%BF_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="米尔顿 (马萨诸塞州)">米尔顿</a>。<a href="#cite_note-140">[138]</a>其他联邦层面的政治家包括20世纪60年代的众议院议长<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7W%C2%B7%E9%BA%A6%E7%A7%91%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="约翰·W·麦科马克（页面不存在）">约翰·W·麦科马克</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_W._McCormack" class="extiw" title="en:John W. McCormack">John W. McCormack</a>）和<a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%90%E6%99%AE%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%94" title="提普·奥尼尔">提普·奥尼尔</a>，后者从1977年到1987年担任<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%97%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2%E8%AE%AE%E9%95%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="美国众议院议长">众议院议长</a>，是美国历史上连续任职时间最长的众议院议长。<a href="#cite_note-141">[139]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21世纪">21世纪</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：21世纪">编辑</a>]</div> 2004年5月17日，马萨诸塞州成为美国第一个将同性婚姻合法化的州。2003年11月，马萨诸塞州最高法院裁定，将同性婚姻排除在民事婚姻权利之外是违宪的。<a href="#cite_note-CNNmarriage-62">[60]</a>这项法令最终于2015年被美国最高法院<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E8%B4%9D%E6%A0%BC%E8%B4%B9%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%89%E9%9C%8D%E5%A5%87%E6%96%AF%E6%A1%88" title="奥贝格费尔诉霍奇斯案">认可</a>。<a href="#cite_note-142">[140]</a> 2004年，赢得民主党总统候选人提名的马萨诸塞州参议员<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C" title="约翰·克里">约翰·克里</a>以微弱劣势输给了时任总统<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7W%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E4%BB%80" class="mw-redirect" title="乔治·W·布什">乔治·W·布什</a>。8年后，前马萨诸塞州州长<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E5%A7%86%E5%B0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="米特·罗姆尼">米特·罗姆尼</a>（共和党候选人）在2012年输给了<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%B7%B4%E9%A9%AC" title="贝拉克·奥巴马">巴拉克·奥巴马</a>。又过了八年，马萨诸塞州参议员<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E4%B8%BD%E8%8E%8E%E7%99%BD%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E4%BC%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="伊丽莎白·沃伦">伊丽莎白·沃伦</a>在2020年总统选举的民主党初选中处于领先地位，但她后来又退出了竞选，转而支持<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%C2%B7%E6%8B%9C%E7%99%BB" title="乔·拜登">乔·拜登</a>。<a href="#cite_note-143">[141]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1st_Boston_Marathon_blast_seen_from_2nd_floor_and_a_half_block_away.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/1st_Boston_Marathon_blast_seen_from_2nd_floor_and_a_half_block_away.jpg/200px-1st_Boston_Marathon_blast_seen_from_2nd_floor_and_a_half_block_away.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/1st_Boston_Marathon_blast_seen_from_2nd_floor_and_a_half_block_away.jpg/300px-1st_Boston_Marathon_blast_seen_from_2nd_floor_and_a_half_block_away.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/1st_Boston_Marathon_blast_seen_from_2nd_floor_and_a_half_block_away.jpg/400px-1st_Boston_Marathon_blast_seen_from_2nd_floor_and_a_half_block_away.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2159" data-file-height="1530" /></a><figcaption>波士顿马拉松爆炸案</figcaption></figure> 2013年4月15日，美国东部时间下午2点49分左右，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A1%BF%E9%A9%AC%E6%8B%89%E6%9D%BE" title="波士顿马拉松">波士顿马拉松</a>赛终点线附近发生了两起<a href="/wiki/2013%E5%B9%B4%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A1%BF%E9%A9%AC%E6%8B%89%E6%9D%BE%E7%88%86%E7%82%B8%E6%A1%88" class="mw-redirect" title="2013年波士顿马拉松爆炸案">高压锅炸弹爆炸事件</a>。爆炸共造成3人死亡以及大约264人受伤。<a href="#cite_note-144">[142]</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E8%B0%83%E6%9F%A5%E5%B1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="美国联邦调查局">美国联邦调查局</a>后来确认嫌疑人为<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E8%80%B6%E5%A4%AB%E5%85%84%E5%BC%9F" title="沙尼耶夫兄弟">焦哈尔·察尔纳耶夫和塔梅尔兰·察尔纳耶夫兄弟</a>。在随后数千名执法人员搜查了附近<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E7%89%B9%E6%95%A6_(%E9%A6%AC%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="沃特敦 (馬薩諸塞州)">沃特敦</a>的20个街区后，搜捕行动于4月19日结束。焦哈尔后来表示，他的动机完全是受伊斯兰极端主义信仰所驱使，并从<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B%E5%9F%BA%E5%9C%B0%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" class="mw-redirect" title="阿拉伯半岛基地组织">阿拉伯半岛基地组织</a>的在线杂志《Inspire》中学会了制造爆炸装置。<a href="#cite_note-145">[143]</a> 2016年11月8日，马萨诸塞州投票通过了大麻合法化的倡议，<a href="#cite_note-146">[144]</a>这一事件在<a href="/wiki/2016%E5%B9%B4%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="2016年美國總統選舉">2016年的美国总统大选</a>中也成为了重要议题。<a href="#cite_note-147">[145]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="地理">地理</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：地理">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:East_South_East_View,_Mt_Sugarloaf,_South_Deerfield_MA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/East_South_East_View%2C_Mt_Sugarloaf%2C_South_Deerfield_MA.jpg/220px-East_South_East_View%2C_Mt_Sugarloaf%2C_South_Deerfield_MA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/East_South_East_View%2C_Mt_Sugarloaf%2C_South_Deerfield_MA.jpg/330px-East_South_East_View%2C_Mt_Sugarloaf%2C_South_Deerfield_MA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/East_South_East_View%2C_Mt_Sugarloaf%2C_South_Deerfield_MA.jpg/440px-East_South_East_View%2C_Mt_Sugarloaf%2C_South_Deerfield_MA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6010" data-file-height="2435" /></a><figcaption>南迪尔菲尔德先锋谷中北部的一部分</figcaption></figure> 马萨诸塞州为美国<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%90%84%E5%B7%9E%E9%9D%A2%E7%A7%AF%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="美国各州面积列表">第七小</a>的州，位于美国东北部的新英格兰地区，其面积为10,555平方英里（27,340平方公里），水域率为25.75%。该州的最大城市为<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A1%BF" title="波士顿">波士顿</a>，位于<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E6%B9%BE" title="马萨诸塞湾">马萨诸塞湾</a>的最深处，同时也是<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E6%B2%B3" title="查尔斯河">查尔斯河</a>的入海口。<a href="#cite_note-148">[146]</a> 尽管马萨诸塞州面积不大，但是却拥有很多独特的地貌。该州的大部分人口都位于东部的大波士顿地区，<a href="#cite_note-GreaterBoston-47">[45]</a>这一区域还包括独特的<a href="/wiki/%E9%B3%95%E9%B1%BC%E8%A7%92" class="mw-redirect" title="鳕鱼角">鳕鱼角</a>半岛。西边则是中马萨诸塞的农村地带，康涅狄格河在其中流过。马萨诸塞州的最高地带为位于该州西部边界的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%AF%E5%85%8B%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伯克高地（页面不存在）">伯克高地</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkshires" class="extiw" title="en:Berkshires">Berkshires</a>），属于<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89%E5%A5%91%E4%BA%9A%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89" title="阿巴拉契亚山脉">阿巴拉契亚山脉</a>的组成部分。<a href="#cite_note-149">[147]</a> 马萨诸塞州的部分自然与历史遗迹由<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%AD%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%B1%80" title="美国国家公园管理局">美国国家公园管理局</a>负责管理。<a href="#cite_note-NPS1-150">[148]</a>除了12个国家历史遗址、地区和生态走廊外，国家公园管理局还管理着<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%B3%95%E9%B1%BC%E8%A7%92%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E6%B5%B7%E6%BB%A8%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鳕鱼角国家海滨公园（页面不存在）">鳕鱼角国家海滨公园</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Cod_National_Seashore" class="extiw" title="en:Cape Cod National Seashore">Cape Cod National Seashore</a>）和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A1%BF%E6%B8%AF%E5%8F%A3%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E4%BC%91%E9%97%B2%E5%8C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波士顿港口群岛国家休闲区（页面不存在）">波士顿港口群岛国家休闲区</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Harbor_Islands_National_Recreation_Area" class="extiw" title="en:Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area">Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area</a>）。<a href="#cite_note-NPS1-150">[148]</a>除此之外，美国保育及休闲局也在负责维护马萨诸塞州的部分公园、游径以及海滩。<a href="#cite_note-151">[149]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="生态">生态</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：生态">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charadrius-melodus-004_edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Charadrius-melodus-004_edit.jpg/220px-Charadrius-melodus-004_edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Charadrius-melodus-004_edit.jpg/330px-Charadrius-melodus-004_edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Charadrius-melodus-004_edit.jpg/440px-Charadrius-melodus-004_edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>马萨诸塞州的许多沿海地区为<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%9B%E9%B8%BB" title="笛鸻">笛鸻</a>等物种提供了繁殖地</figcaption></figure> 马萨诸塞州内陆地区的主要生物群落是<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E5%B8%B6%E8%90%BD%E8%91%89%E6%9E%97" title="溫帶落葉林">温带落叶林</a>。<a href="#cite_note-152">[150]</a>虽然说马萨诸塞州的大部分土地都被开垦为农业用地，真正的原始森林所剩无几，然而随着农田被遗弃，许多地方又重新开始了次生演替的过程。<a href="#cite_note-153">[151]</a>到目前为止，整个马萨诸塞州共有62%的面积被森林所覆盖。<a href="#cite_note-154">[152]</a>全州受人类活动影响最严重的地区当属东边的大波士顿地区以及西边的斯普林菲尔德大都会区，同时还包括康涅狄格河谷的农业区。<a href="#cite_note-155">[153]</a>该州共有219种<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%92%E5%8D%B1%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="濒危物种">濒危物种</a>。<a href="#cite_note-156">[154]</a> 许多物种在日益城市化的马萨诸塞州也能生活得很好。<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%B8%E9%9A%BC" title="游隼">游隼</a>利用大城市的办公大楼作为筑巢的地方，<a href="#cite_note-157">[155]</a>而<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%8A%E7%8B%BC" title="郊狼">郊狼</a>的数量在最近几十年一直在增加，它们的食物包括人类产生的生活垃圾和被车撞死的动物。<a href="#cite_note-158">[156]</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%B0%BE%E9%B9%BF" title="白尾鹿">白尾鹿</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%A3%E7%86%8A" title="浣熊">浣熊</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8E%E7%94%9F%E7%81%AB%E9%9B%9E" title="野生火雞">野生火雞</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B0%E6%9D%BE%E9%BC%A0" title="灰松鼠">灰松鼠</a>在整个马萨诸塞州都很常见。而在马萨诸塞州西部广袤的农村地带，由于退耕还林，很多巨型哺乳动物（如<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%BC%E9%B9%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="驼鹿">驼鹿</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E9%BB%91%E7%86%8A" title="美洲黑熊">美洲黑熊</a>）都得以重返家园。<a href="#cite_note-159">[157]</a> 马萨诸塞州地处<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E9%B8%9F%E9%81%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大西洋鸟道（页面不存在）">大西洋鸟道</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Flyway" class="extiw" title="en:Atlantic Flyway">Atlantic Flyway</a>）沿线，是东海岸<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9B%81" class="mw-redirect" title="大雁">大雁</a>迁徙的主要路线。<a href="#cite_note-160">[158]</a>马萨诸塞州中部有很多湖泊，为水禽提供了充足的食物以及栖息地。可即使如此，一些<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%BD%9C%E9%B8%9F" title="普通潜鸟">普通潜鸟</a>的数目仍在不断减少。<a href="#cite_note-161">[159]</a>每年冬天都有大量的<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E5%B0%BE%E9%B8%AD" title="长尾鸭">长尾鸭</a>来到<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%A0%E5%A1%94%E5%9F%BA%E7%89%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="楠塔基特">楠塔基特</a>岛过冬。该州的一些近海小岛和沙滩是<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E7%87%95%E9%B7%97" title="紅燕鷗">红燕鸥</a>的家园，同时也是近危物种<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%9B%E9%B8%BB" title="笛鸻">笛鸻</a>的重要繁殖地。<a href="#cite_note-162">[160]</a>很多自然保护区，如莫诺莫伊国家野生动物保护区，为许多海鸟以及灰海豹在内的诸多野生动物提供了重要的繁殖栖息地。自2009年以来，在鳕鱼角沿岸水域发现和标记的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BD%E9%B2%A8" title="大白鲨">大白鲨</a>数量开始显著增加。<a href="#cite_note-163">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-165">[163]</a> 马萨诸塞州的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%A1%E6%B0%B4%E9%B1%BC" title="淡水鱼">淡水鱼</a>种类包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%88%E6%80%BB%E7%A7%91" title="鲈总科">鲈鱼</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E8%A4%90%E9%AF%89" title="紅褐鯉">鲤鱼</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%AE%8E%E5%BD%A2%E7%9B%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="鮎形目">鲶鱼</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%B3%9F%E9%B1%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="鳟鱼">鳟鱼</a>，而海洋生物如<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E9%B1%88" title="大西洋鱈">大西洋鱈</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E7%BA%BF%E9%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="黑线鳕">黑线鳕</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E9%BE%99%E8%99%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="美国龙虾">美国龙虾</a>通常在近海水域繁殖。<a href="#cite_note-166">[164]</a>该州其他的海洋生物还有<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%AF%E6%B5%B7%E8%B1%B9" title="港海豹">港海豹</a>、濒危的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E9%9C%B2%E8%84%8A%E9%AF%A8" title="北大西洋露脊鯨">北大西洋露脊鲸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%BF%85%E9%B2%B8" title="大翅鲸">座头鲸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E9%A1%BB%E9%B2%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="长须鲸">长须鲸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E9%A1%BB%E9%B2%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="小须鲸">小须鲸</a>以及大西洋白边海豚。<a href="#cite_note-167">[165]</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E7%8E%89%E7%B1%B3%E8%9E%9F" title="欧洲玉米螟">欧洲玉米螟</a>是一种常见的农业害虫，于1917年首次在马萨诸塞州波士顿附近被发现。<a href="#cite_note-168">[166]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="气候">气候</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：气候">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Massachusetts_K%C3%B6ppen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Massachusetts_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/300px-Massachusetts_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Massachusetts_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/450px-Massachusetts_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Massachusetts_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/600px-Massachusetts_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1017" data-file-height="945" /></a><figcaption>按照<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%AF%E6%9C%AC%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E6%B3%95" title="柯本气候分类法">柯本气候分类法</a>进行划分的马萨诸塞州</figcaption></figure> 马萨诸塞州的大部分属于地区<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%B8%A6%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E6%80%A7%E6%B9%BF%E6%B6%A6%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="温带大陆性湿润气候">温带大陆性湿润气候</a>，冬季较为寒冷，夏季较为温暖。该州西南部的沿海地区则属于<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AF%E7%83%AD%E5%B8%A6%E6%B9%BF%E6%B6%A6%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="副热带湿润气候">副热带湿润气候</a>。由于马萨诸塞州夏季比较炎热，因此该州鲜有<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E6%80%A7%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="海洋性气候">海洋性气候</a>，不过<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94%E5%8E%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="巴恩斯特布尔县">巴恩斯特布尔县</a>是个例外。波士顿的气候在整个马萨诸塞州都具有代表性，夏季最高温度约为81 °F（27 °C），冬季最高温度为35 °F（2 °C），而且相当潮湿。<a href="#cite_note-Bos-169">[167]</a>受到该州盛行的内陆风影响，即使在沿海地区，整个冬天也经常结霜。由于马萨诸塞州临近大西洋，因此很容易受到东北风暴、飓风和<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%B8%A6%E9%A3%8E%E6%9A%B4" title="热带风暴">热带风暴</a>的影响。<a href="#cite_note-170">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-172">[170]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto;"> <caption>马萨诸塞州个别城市的平均每日最高和最低气温列表<a href="#cite_note-Bos-169">[167]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>城市 </th> <th>七月（°F） </th> <th>七月（°C） </th> <th>一月（°F） </th> <th>一月（°C） </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A1%BF" title="波士顿">波士顿</a></td> <td>81/65</td> <td>27/18</td> <td>36/22</td> <td>2/−5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8D%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="伍斯特 (马萨诸塞州)">伍斯特</a></td> <td>79/61</td> <td>26/16</td> <td>31/17</td> <td>0/−8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%99%AE%E6%9E%97%E8%8F%B2%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="斯普林菲尔德 (马萨诸塞州)">斯普林菲尔德</a></td> <td>84/62</td> <td>27/17</td> <td>34/17</td> <td>1/−8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%B4%9D%E5%BE%B7%E7%A6%8F%E5%BE%B7_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="新贝德福德 (马萨诸塞州)">新贝德福德</a></td> <td>80/65</td> <td>26/18</td> <td>37/23</td> <td>3/−4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%86%E8%A5%BF_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="昆西 (马萨诸塞州)">昆西</a></td> <td>80/61</td> <td>26/16</td> <td>33/18</td> <td>1/−7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E8%8C%85%E6%96%AF_(%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="普利茅斯 (麻薩諸塞州)">普利茅斯</a></td> <td>80/61</td> <td>27/16</td> <td>38/20</td> <td>3/−6 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="环境问题">环境问题</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：环境问题">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="气候变化">气候变化</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：气候变化">编辑</a>]</div> 马萨诸塞州的气候变化对该州的城乡环境、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E4%B8%9A" title="林业">林业</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%94%E4%B8%9A" title="渔业">渔业</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A" title="农业">农业</a>以及沿海地区的发展都造成了一定的影响。<a href="#cite_note-:0-173">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-174">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-natlclimate-175">[173]</a>美国东北部气候变暖的速度已经超过了全球平均值，预计到2035年将会比工业革命前高出2°C。<a href="#cite_note-natlclimate-175">[173]</a>根据<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%B1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="美国国家环境保护局">美国国家环境保护局</a>的报告，截至2016年8月马萨诸塞州的平均气温比工业革命前上升了超过1.1摄氏度<a href="#cite_note-EPA_Climate_Change_for_Massachusetts-176">[174]</a>，为全美平均值的两倍。气候变暖对降水也造成了一定的影响，在1895年至2011年间，美国东北部的平均降水量增加了10%，强降水量增加了70%。<a href="#cite_note-EPA_Climate_Change_for_Massachusetts-176">[174]</a>冬季和春季的降水量增加最为显著，这是由于气温增加导致积雪提前融化，这使得夏季反而变得更为干燥。<a href="#cite_note-177">[175]</a> 马萨诸塞州的气候变化同时也导致了建筑环境和生态系统的变化。气候变化所导致的风暴仅在波士顿一地就造成了50亿到1000亿美元的损失。<a href="#cite_note-EPA_Climate_Change_for_Massachusetts-176">[174]</a>除此之外，气候变化也会造成沿海房屋、道路以及其他基础建设的损坏。气候变暖还会扰乱动植物的生命活动，尤其是植物开花以及鸟类迁徙。这会导致一系列连锁反应，包括鹿的数量增加，从而导致小型动物用于藏身的灌木减少。气候变暖对人类的身体健康也能造成不利影响，由于温度超过45 °F（7 °C）时<a href="/wiki/%E8%9C%B1%E8%99%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="蜱虫">蜱虫</a>会传播疾病，导致了<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E5%A7%86%E7%97%85" title="莱姆病">莱姆病</a>的加速传播。除此之外，气温的升高也会导致蚊子更为活跃，加剧了<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%B0%BC%E7%BD%97%E6%B2%B3%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" class="mw-redirect" title="西尼罗河病毒">西尼罗河病毒</a>的传播。<a href="#cite_note-EPA_Climate_Change_for_Massachusetts-176">[174]</a> 为了应对这一变化，马萨诸塞州能源与环境事务执行办公室制定了该州经济脱碳的方案。2020年4月22日，马萨诸塞州能源和环境事务部长凯瑟琳·A·西奥哈里斯发布了一份关于全州2050年碳排放限额的决议。西奥哈里斯还强调，气候变暖已经对马萨诸塞州造成了高达600亿美元的损失。为保证平均气温相较于工业革命之前上升不超过1.5 °C，马萨诸塞州将尽力实现碳中和，这意味着到2050年时碳排放量将会下降85%。<a href="#cite_note-178">[176]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="相关倡议">相关倡议</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：相关倡议">编辑</a>]</div> 为了鼓励民众使用可再生能源以及节能的家用电器，马萨诸塞州出台了很多相应的奖励措施。伯克希尔天然气公司、黑石天然气公司、海角光公司、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E6%BA%90%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" title="永源能源">永源能源</a>、自由公用事业公司、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E9%9B%BB%E7%B6%B2%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="英國國家電網公司">英国国家电网公司</a>和优尼特公司与州政府联合推出了一个名为“马萨省”（Mass Save）的项目，旨在鼓励房东和租户使用高效节能的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%96%E9%80%9A%E7%A9%BA%E8%B0%83" class="mw-redirect" title="暖通空调">暖通空调</a>及其他家用电器。在这个项目中，如果住户使用有<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90%E4%B9%8B%E6%98%9F" title="能源之星">能源之星</a>认证的自動調溫器，那么使用者就可享有100美元的折扣。除此之外热水器、空调、洗衣机和烘干机以及热泵等其他节能电器也可以享有这个项目的福利。<a href="#cite_note-179">[177]</a> “马萨省”是2008年<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%B8%95%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B" title="德瓦尔·帕特里克">德瓦尔·帕特里克</a>担任州长期间于《绿色社区法案》中提出的项目。《绿色社区法案》的主要目的是减少该州化石燃料的消耗量，同时鼓励提高能效的科技创新。除此之外，这项法案还要求公用事业的项目管理者投资于节约能源的领域，而不是能源开采领域。这一项目在马萨诸塞州由多方负责管理事宜，其中包括NSTAR、国家电网、西马萨诸塞州电力公司、海角光公司、优尼特公司和伯克夏天然气公司，除此之外马萨诸塞州能源资源部和能源效率咨询委员会也拥有该项目的管理权。<a href="#cite_note-180">[178]</a> “马萨省”还给房东、租户以及小型企业提供免费的房屋节能评估服务，并给他们提供节能方面的教育，让他们了解如何才能更好的实现节能减排。在房屋评估期间，“马萨省”免费提供由<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90%E4%B9%8B%E6%98%9F" title="能源之星">能源之星</a>认证的LED灯泡、电源带、低流量淋浴喷头、水龙头曝气器和高效恒温器。此外，“马萨省”还负责修补房屋内部的漏洞并加装隔热设施，以减少空调的耗电量。隔热材料的加装服务享有75%以上的折扣。受到COVID-19的影响，很多评估服务改为线上进行，居民可通过互联网或电话预约线上评估服务。<a href="#cite_note-181">[179]</a> 马萨诸塞州税务局会对安装太阳能电池板的居民提供税务减免奖励。除了联邦住宅可再生能源税务抵免外，马萨诸塞州居民还可以享受该项目最高15%的税收抵免。<a href="#cite_note-182">[180]</a>只要住户安装了太阳能电池板，该户居民就有资格享有<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%80%E8%AE%A1%E9%87%8F%E7%94%B5%E4%BB%B7" title="净计量电价">净计量电价</a>的优惠。<a href="#cite_note-183">[181]</a>某些城市的电价高达1.20美元每瓦，相当于于25千瓦以下<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E4%BC%8F%E6%A8%A1%E7%B5%84" title="光伏模組">光伏模组</a>成本的50%。<a href="#cite_note-184">[182]</a>马萨诸塞州能源资源部也曾经为低收入居民提供低息的贷款支持，不过此项福利目前已经于2020年12月31日终止。<a href="#cite_note-185">[183]</a> 为了鼓励民众使用可再生能源，马萨诸塞州能源资源部又提出了一项关于电动车的补贴计划，居民购买或租赁<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%8A%A8%E6%B1%BD%E8%BD%A6" title="电动汽车">电动汽车</a>可获得最高2,500美元的补贴，购买或租赁<a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%92%E7%94%B5%E5%BC%8F%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B%E6%B1%BD%E8%BD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="插电式混合动力汽车">插电式混合动力汽车</a>可获得最高1,500美元的补贴。<a href="#cite_note-186">[184]</a>马萨诸塞州民众可以同时享有<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90%E9%83%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="美国能源部">美国能源部</a>和马萨诸塞州能源资源部的电动车补贴。<a href="#cite_note-187">[185]</a> 2020年底，贝克政府发布了一份“脱碳路线图”，目标是到2050年实现碳中和。为了实现该目标，贝克政府计划投资海上风能及太阳能领域，并要求从2035年开始所有销售的新汽车都为<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%8A%A8%E6%B1%BD%E8%BD%A6" title="电动汽车">电动车</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AB%E8%83%BD%E8%BC%89%E5%85%B7" title="氫能載具">氢动力车</a>。<a href="#cite_note-188">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[187]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="人口">人口</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：人口">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Massachusetts_population_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Massachusetts_population_map.png/350px-Massachusetts_population_map.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="350" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Massachusetts_population_map.png/525px-Massachusetts_population_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Massachusetts_population_map.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>马萨诸塞州的人口分布图</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83974241">.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop{border-spacing:1px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:0.3em;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop caption{background-color:lavender;color:black;padding-right:0.2em;padding-left:0.2em;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop th[scope=col]{border-bottom:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(2){text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td.us-census-pop-estimate{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(3){padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(4){padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-footnote{border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-none{float:none;margin:0 1em 1em 0}}</style> <table class="us-census-pop us-census-pop-right"> <caption>历史人口数</caption> <tbody><tr><th scope="col">调查年</th><th scope="col">人口</th><th scope="col"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83974237">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style>备注</th><th scope="col">%±</th></tr> <tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1790%E5%B9%B4%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5" title="1790年美國人口普查">1790</a></th><td>378,787</td><td></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1800%E5%B9%B4%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1800年美國人口普查（页面不存在）">1800</a></th><td>422,845</td><td></td><td>11.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1810%E5%B9%B4%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1810年美國人口普查（页面不存在）">1810</a></th><td>472,040</td><td></td><td>11.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1820%E5%B9%B4%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1820年美國人口普查（页面不存在）">1820</a></th><td>523,287</td><td></td><td>10.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1830%E5%B9%B4%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1830年美國人口普查（页面不存在）">1830</a></th><td>610,408</td><td></td><td>16.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1840%E5%B9%B4%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1840年美國人口普查（页面不存在）">1840</a></th><td>737,699</td><td></td><td>20.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1850%E5%B9%B4%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1850年美國人口普查（页面不存在）">1850</a></th><td>994,514</td><td></td><td>34.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1860%E5%B9%B4%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1860年美國人口普查（页面不存在）">1860</a></th><td>1,231,066</td><td></td><td>23.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1870%E5%B9%B4%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1870年美國人口普查（页面不存在）">1870</a></th><td>1,457,351</td><td></td><td>18.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1880%E5%B9%B4%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5" title="1880年美國人口普查">1880</a></th><td>1,783,085</td><td></td><td>22.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1890%E5%B9%B4%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5" title="1890年美国人口普查">1890</a></th><td>2,238,947</td><td></td><td>25.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1900%E5%B9%B4%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5" title="1900年美国人口普查">1900</a></th><td>2,805,346</td><td></td><td>25.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1910%E5%B9%B4%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5" title="1910年美国人口普查">1910</a></th><td>3,366,416</td><td></td><td>20.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1920%E5%B9%B4%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5" title="1920年美国人口普查">1920</a></th><td>3,852,356</td><td></td><td>14.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1930%E5%B9%B4%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5" title="1930年美国人口普查">1930</a></th><td>4,249,614</td><td></td><td>10.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1940%E5%B9%B4%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5" title="1940年美国人口普查">1940</a></th><td>4,316,721</td><td></td><td>1.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1950%E5%B9%B4%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5" title="1950年美国人口普查">1950</a></th><td>4,690,514</td><td></td><td>8.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1960%E5%B9%B4%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5" title="1960年美国人口普查">1960</a></th><td>5,148,578</td><td></td><td>9.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1970%E5%B9%B4%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5" title="1970年美国人口普查">1970</a></th><td>5,689,170</td><td></td><td>10.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1980%E5%B9%B4%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5" title="1980年美国人口普查">1980</a></th><td>5,737,037</td><td></td><td>0.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1990%E5%B9%B4%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5" title="1990年美國人口普查">1990</a></th><td>6,016,425</td><td></td><td>4.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000%E5%B9%B4%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5" title="2000年美国人口普查">2000</a></th><td>6,349,097</td><td></td><td>5.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2010%E5%B9%B4%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5" title="2010年美國人口普查">2010</a></th><td>6,547,629</td><td></td><td>3.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2020%E5%B9%B4%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5" title="2020年美國人口普查">2020</a></th><td>7,029,917</td><td></td><td>7.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">2022年估计</th><td class="us-census-pop-estimate">6,981,974</td><td></td><td>−0.7%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="us-census-pop-footnote" style="text-align: center"><a href="#cite_note-190">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[189]</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> 根据<a href="/wiki/2020%E5%B9%B4%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5" title="2020年美國人口普查">2020年美国人口普查</a>结果显示，马萨诸塞州的总人口数量超过700万，与2011年普查时相比增加了7.4%。<a href="#cite_note-192">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-2020Census-6">[5]</a>根据2015年的调查结果，马萨诸塞州是美国人口密度第三高的州，每平方英里有871人<a href="#cite_note-qcensus-193">[191]</a>，仅次于<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%B3%BD%E8%A5%BF%E5%B7%9E" title="新泽西州">新泽西州</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E5%BE%B7%E5%B2%9B%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="罗德岛州">罗德岛州</a>。根据2014年的一项调查显示，马萨诸塞州共有1011811名居民出生于国外，占总人口数的15%。<a href="#cite_note-qcensus-193">[191]</a> 大多数马萨诸塞州居民住在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A1%BF" title="大波士顿">波士顿大都会区</a>，该都会区包括波士顿及其周边地区，同时还包括<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%9B%E5%8E%84%E5%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大洛厄尔（页面不存在）">大洛厄尔</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Lowell" class="extiw" title="en:Greater Lowell">Greater Lowell</a>）和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8D%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="伍斯特 (马萨诸塞州)">伍斯特</a>。除此之外，斯普林菲尔德大都会区也是一个主要的人口聚集地。不过从人口统计学上来讲，马萨诸塞州的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="人口中心">人口中心</a>位于纳蒂克镇。<a href="#cite_note-194">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[193]</a> 和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97%E9%83%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="美国东北部">美国东北部</a>的其他州一样，马萨诸塞州人口在20世纪末到21世纪初增长迅速。马萨诸塞州是<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="新英格兰">新英格兰</a>地区人口增长最快的州，也是美国增长第25快的州。<a href="#cite_note-GlobeTopgrowth-196">[194]</a>良好的生活品质和优质的教育资源是该州人口快速增长的主要原因。<a href="#cite_note-GlobeTopgrowth-196">[194]</a> 自2010年人口普查以来，外国移民对该州人口增长造成了很大的影响。<a href="#cite_note-GlobeDemographics1-197">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-USAToday1-198">[196]</a>根据人口普查局在2005年的一项研究结果，该州40%的外国移民来自于中美洲及南美洲，剩下的大部分来自于亚洲。许多斯普林菲尔德居民声称自己是波多黎各裔。<a href="#cite_note-GlobeDemographics1-197">[195]</a>马萨诸塞州许多地区的人口在2000年到2010年间呈现出相对稳定的增长趋势。<a href="#cite_note-USAToday1-198">[196]</a>波士顿远郊和沿海地区人口增长最快，而马萨诸塞州西部的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E5%85%8B%E5%B8%8C%E5%B0%94%E5%8E%BF_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" class="mw-redirect" title="伯克希尔县 (马萨诸塞州)">伯克希尔县</a>和科德角的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94%E5%8E%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="巴恩斯特布尔县">巴恩斯特布尔县</a>是<a href="/wiki/2010%E5%B9%B4%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5" title="2010年美國人口普查">2010年人口普查</a>中仅有的两个人口减少县。<a href="#cite_note-USAToday1-198">[196]</a> 根据2014年的普查结果，该州48.4%的居民为男性，51.6%的居民为女性。同时，该州18岁以上的人口占79.2%，65岁以上的人口占14.8%。<a href="#cite_note-qcensus-193">[191]</a> 根据<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E4%BD%8F%E6%88%BF%E4%B8%8E%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E9%83%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="美国住房与城市发展部">住房与城市发展部</a>向国会提交的年度无家可归者报告显示，马萨诸塞州全州约有15,507名无家可归者。<a href="#cite_note-199">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-200">[198]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="族裔">族裔</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：族裔">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St._Patrick%27s_Day_Parade,_Scituate_MA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/St._Patrick%27s_Day_Parade%2C_Scituate_MA.jpg/250px-St._Patrick%27s_Day_Parade%2C_Scituate_MA.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/St._Patrick%27s_Day_Parade%2C_Scituate_MA.jpg/375px-St._Patrick%27s_Day_Parade%2C_Scituate_MA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/St._Patrick%27s_Day_Parade%2C_Scituate_MA.jpg/500px-St._Patrick%27s_Day_Parade%2C_Scituate_MA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2046" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption>锡楚埃特市圣帕特里克节游行。该市是马萨诸塞州爱尔兰裔人口占比最高的城市，2010年的调查结果为47.5%。<a href="#cite_note-201">[199]</a> 爱尔兰裔是马萨诸塞州人口最多的族裔</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible"> <caption style="font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/2020%E5%B9%B4%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5" title="2020年美國人口普查">2020年</a>族裔组成 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>族裔<a href="#cite_note-202">[200]</a> </th> <th colspan="2" data-sort-type="number">非混血 </th> <th colspan="2" data-sort-type="number">总计（包括混血） </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%A3%94%E7%99%BD%E4%BA%BA" title="非拉丁裔白人">非拉丁裔白人</a> </td> <td align="right">67.6% </td> <td align="left">67.6<div style="width:135.2px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;background:gray"> </div> </td> <td align="right">71.4% </td> <td align="left">71.4<div style="width:142.8px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;background:gray"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%A3%94%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA" title="拉丁裔美国人">拉丁裔</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[c]</a> </td> <td align="right">— </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">12.6% </td> <td align="left">12.6<div style="width:25.2px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;background:green"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E8%A3%94%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA" title="非裔美国人">非裔</a> </td> <td align="right">6.5% </td> <td align="left">6.5<div style="width:13px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;background:mediumblue"> </div> </td> <td align="right">8.2% </td> <td align="left">8.2<div style="width:16.4px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;background:mediumblue"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E8%A3%94%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="亚裔美国人">亚裔</a> </td> <td align="right">7.2% </td> <td align="left">7.2<div style="width:14.4px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;background:purple"> </div> </td> <td align="right">8.2% </td> <td align="left">8.2<div style="width:16.4px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;background:purple"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91" class="mw-redirect" title="美国原住民">美洲原住民</a> </td> <td align="right">0.1% </td> <td align="left">0.1<div style="width:0.2px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;background:gold"> </div> </td> <td align="right">0.9% </td> <td align="left">0.9<div style="width:1.8px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;background:gold"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E8%AF%B8%E5%B2%9B%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美国太平洋诸岛原住民（页面不存在）">太平洋诸岛原住民</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Islander_Americans" class="extiw" title="en:Pacific Islander Americans">Pacific Islander Americans</a>） </td> <td align="right">0.02% </td> <td align="left">0.02<div style="width:0.04px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;background:pink"> </div> </td> <td align="right">0.1% </td> <td align="left">0.1<div style="width:0.2px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;background:pink"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>其他 </td> <td align="right">1.3% </td> <td align="left">1.3<div style="width:2.6px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;background:brown"> </div> </td> <td align="right">3.6% </td> <td align="left">3.6<div style="width:7.2px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;background:brown"> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> 该州人口最多的族群为非拉丁裔白人，但是其占比已经从1970年的95.4%下降到2020年的67.6%。<a href="#cite_note-qcensus-193">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-204">[201]</a>根据2011年的调查结果，该州63.6%的新生儿为非拉丁裔白人<a href="#cite_note-205">[202]</a>，在一岁以下幼儿中，少数族裔（父母任何一方为非拉丁裔白人）占比为36.4%。<a href="#cite_note-206">[203]</a>造成这一现象的主要原因是非拉丁裔白人生育率过低，2017年该州非拉丁裔白人的总生育率为1.36，仅次于罗德岛州。<a href="#cite_note-207">[204]</a> 1795年，该州95%的居民为英裔。<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000173-208">[205]</a>19世纪前期及中期，大量移民涌入马萨诸塞州。首先是19世纪40年代来源于爱尔兰的移民潮，<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000173–79-209">[206]</a>使得该州25%的居民为爱尔兰裔，为该州最大族群。然后接踵而来的是<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%81%E5%8C%97%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="魁北克">魁北克</a>以及欧洲的<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="意大利">意大利</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99" title="葡萄牙">葡萄牙</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="波兰">波兰</a>等地的移民。<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000203-210">[207]</a>到了20世纪初期，一些非裔美国人移民到了马萨诸塞州，不过他们的人数不及移居到其他<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%8C%97%E9%83%A8" title="美國北部">北方</a>州的非裔。<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000301-211">[208]</a>到了20世纪末期，拉丁美洲移民数量开始增加。在2014年，超过156,000名<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E8%A3%94%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA" title="华裔美国人">华裔</a>在马萨诸塞州安家，<a href="#cite_note-212">[209]</a>波士顿的唐人街和曼哈顿的唐人街之间也设立了<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9F%8E%E5%AE%A2%E8%BF%90%E8%B7%AF%E7%BA%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="中国城客运路线">多条公交线路</a>以供两地往返。马萨诸塞州还有大量的多米尼加人、波多黎各人、海地人、佛得角人和巴西人群体。<a href="#cite_note-213">[210]</a>波士顿<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E7%AB%AF" title="南端">南端</a>、牙买加平原以及马萨诸塞州科德角附近的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E7%BE%85%E5%A8%81%E6%96%AF%E9%A0%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="普羅威斯頓（页面不存在）">普羅威斯頓</a>都是著名的同志村。<a href="#cite_note-214">[211]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boston_Chinatown_Paifang.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Boston_Chinatown_Paifang.jpg/250px-Boston_Chinatown_Paifang.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Boston_Chinatown_Paifang.jpg/375px-Boston_Chinatown_Paifang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Boston_Chinatown_Paifang.jpg/500px-Boston_Chinatown_Paifang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5129" data-file-height="3408" /></a><figcaption>波士顿唐人街，内有大量的中国及越南餐馆</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Party_goers_and_dancers_at_Back_Bay_Block_Party.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Party_goers_and_dancers_at_Back_Bay_Block_Party.jpg/220px-Party_goers_and_dancers_at_Back_Bay_Block_Party.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Party_goers_and_dancers_at_Back_Bay_Block_Party.jpg/330px-Party_goers_and_dancers_at_Back_Bay_Block_Party.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Party_goers_and_dancers_at_Back_Bay_Block_Party.jpg/440px-Party_goers_and_dancers_at_Back_Bay_Block_Party.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3960" data-file-height="2640" /></a><figcaption>波士顿<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E5%BF%97%E9%AA%84%E5%82%B2" title="同志骄傲">同志骄傲</a>游行，每年六月举行。2004年，马萨诸塞州成为美国第一个将同性婚姻合法化的州</figcaption></figure> 马萨诸塞州目前人口最多的群体是爱尔兰裔，约占全州总人口的22.5%，在<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E7%A6%8F%E5%85%8B%E5%8E%BF_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="诺福克县 (马萨诸塞州)">诺福克县</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E8%8C%85%E6%96%AF%E7%B8%A3_(%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="普利茅斯縣 (麻薩諸塞州)">普利茅斯县</a>的南部沿海地区甚至占到了40%以上（占两个县全县超过30%的人口）。意大利裔为该州第二大族群（13.5%），但在波士顿北部的部分郊区以及伯克夏尔县的部分城镇为最大族群。英裔为第三大族群（11.4%），在该州西部的一些城镇占多数。<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E8%A3%94%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="法国裔美国人">法裔</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%A3%94%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E4%BA%BA" title="法裔加拿大人">法裔加拿大人</a>也占了很大一部分（10.7），<a href="#cite_note-215">[212]</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E5%B0%94" title="布里斯托尔">布里斯托尔</a>、汉普顿和<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E7%B8%A3_(%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="烏斯特縣 (麻薩諸塞州)">伍斯特县</a>有相当多的人口。<a href="#cite_note-citydata2000-216">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-218">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-219">[216]</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E5%8E%84%E5%B0%94_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="洛厄尔 (马萨诸塞州)">洛厄尔</a>拥有全美第二大柬埔寨裔社区。<a href="#cite_note-220">[217]</a>马萨诸塞州还有一个<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E8%A3%94%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA" title="希腊裔美国人">希腊裔美国人</a>的小社区。根据美国社区调查，有83,701名希腊裔美国人零星散布在该州，约占该州总人口的1.2%。<a href="#cite_note-221">[218]</a>此外该州还有一些美洲原住民。<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E5%B8%95%E8%AB%BE%E4%BA%9E%E6%A0%BC%E4%BA%BA" title="萬帕諾亞格人">万帕诺亚格人</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E8%8E%8E%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E5%9C%92%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="瑪莎葡萄園島">玛莎葡萄园岛</a>的阿奎纳与鳕鱼角的马什皮均拥有保留地，并且自1993年起就开始了母语复兴运动。尼普穆克族在该州中部拥有两个受政府承认的保留地，其中一个位于格拉夫顿。<a href="#cite_note-222">[219]</a> 马萨诸塞州的种族矛盾相对缓和，至少和美国其他州相比，避免了很多冲突。但是1850年代排外的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E6%97%A0%E6%89%80%E7%9F%A5_(%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8)" title="一无所知 (政治运动)">一无所知运动</a>在马萨诸塞州选举中的成功表现<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000180–82-223">[220]</a>、1920年代发生的萨科和范凯蒂处决事件<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000257–58-224">[221]</a>以及1970年代发生的波士顿反对废止校车种族隔离运动<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000300–4-225">[222]</a>等实例均说明了马萨诸塞州历史上种族之间的关系并没有想象中的融洽。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="语言">语言</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：语言">编辑</a>]</div> 除了<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E7%BE%8E%E5%BC%8F%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" title="通用美式英語">通用美式英语</a>之外，马萨诸塞州最常见的美式英语变体是带有卷舌音的马萨诸塞州西部方言和带有非卷舌音的马萨诸塞州东部方言（被称为“波士顿腔”）。<a href="#cite_note-226">[223]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:1em; float:center"> <caption>马萨诸塞州前12种最常被使用的语言 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>语言</th> <th>使用者人口占比 （2010年数据）</th> <th>使用者数量<a href="#cite_note-qcensus-193">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-MLA_Data-227">[224]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英语">英语</a></td> <td>78.93%</td> <td>4,823,127 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD" title="西班牙语">西班牙语</a></td> <td>7.50%</td> <td>458,256 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="葡萄牙语">葡萄牙语</a></td> <td>2.97%</td> <td>181,437 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="中文">中文</a>（包括<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%A4%E8%AF%AD" title="粤语">粤语</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D" title="官话">官话</a>）</td> <td>1.59%</td> <td>96,690 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD" title="法语">法语</a>（包括新英格兰法语）</td> <td>1.11%</td> <td>67,788 </td></tr> <tr> <td>基于法语的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A7%E7%88%BE%E8%AA%9E" title="克里奧爾語">克里奧爾語</a></td> <td>0.89%</td> <td>54,456 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD" title="意大利语">意大利语</a></td> <td>0.72%</td> <td>43,798 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AF%AD" title="俄语">俄语</a></td> <td>0.62%</td> <td>37,865 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%AD" title="越南语">越南语</a></td> <td>0.58%</td> <td>35,283 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E8%AF%AD" title="希腊语">希腊语</a></td> <td>0.41%</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="阿拉伯语">阿拉伯语</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%A3%89%E8%AF%AD" title="高棉语">高棉语</a>（包括所有的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="南亚语系">南亚语系</a>）</td> <td>0.37%</td> <td>- </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="宗教">宗教</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：宗教">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> 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style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Yellow"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 524.21835811132px; border-left-color:Orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Orange"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 307.76835371753px; border-left-color:Pink"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Pink"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Pink"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 181.89932472811px; border-left-color:Teal"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Teal"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Teal"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 157.57478599687px; border-left-color:Lightblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Lightblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Lightblue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 137.63819204712px; border-left-color:Blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Blue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:90.482705246602px 42.577929156507px 0 0; border-top-color:Purple"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Purple"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 63.461929754415px 100px 0; border-right-color:White"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:White"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> 马萨诸塞州居民各宗教认同分布图，数据来源自<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80" title="公共宗教研究所">公共宗教研究所</a>的2022年美国价值观调查<a href="#cite_note-228">[225]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84565780">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid var(--border-color-notice,black);color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .legend-color-styled{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid var(--border-color-notice,black);color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  无宗教信仰（34%）</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  天主教（34%）</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  新教（22%）</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  东正教（1%）</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E4%BD%8D%E8%AE%BA%E6%B4%BE" title="一位论派">一位论派</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%95%91%E4%B8%80%E4%BD%8D%E7%A5%9E%E6%95%99" title="普救一位神教">普救一位神教</a>（1%）</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="美国犹太人">犹太教</a>（3%）</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  印度教（2%）</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  佛教（1%）</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%BA%AA%E5%85%83%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="新纪元运动">新纪元运动</a>（1%）</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  其他宗教（1%）</div> </div> </div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OldShipEntrance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/OldShipEntrance.jpg/220px-OldShipEntrance.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/OldShipEntrance.jpg/330px-OldShipEntrance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/OldShipEntrance.jpg/440px-OldShipEntrance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3528" data-file-height="2352" /></a><figcaption>欣厄姆的老船教堂建于1681年，是美国持续使用的最古老教堂。<a href="#cite_note-229">[226]</a>马萨诸塞州目前是全美宗教氛围最淡薄的州。<a href="#cite_note-230">[227]</a></figcaption></figure> 马萨诸塞最初的创立者是1620年到来的布朗派<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92" title="清教徒">清教徒</a>，<a href="#cite_note-puritans-91">[89]</a>不久之后英格兰其他教派的基督徒纷纷前往该地区。<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldfieldAbbottAndersonArgersinger199829–30-89">[87]</a>时至今日，马萨诸塞州的大多数人仍然是基督徒。<a href="#cite_note-qcensus-193">[191]</a>这些清教徒的后人目前分属于多个教会。他们在直系传承中属于不同的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E7%90%86%E4%BC%9A" title="公理会">公理会</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="联合基督教会">联合基督教会</a>以及一神论普遍主义者协会。该协会的总部位于波士顿南部的<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AF%E5%A1%94%E5%B1%B1" title="灯塔山">灯塔山</a>。<a href="#cite_note-231">[228]</a><a href="#cite_note-232">[229]</a>许多清教徒后裔也分散到其他的新教教派，还有一些清教徒在现代<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E4%BF%97%E5%8C%96" title="世俗化">世俗化</a>之后与罗马天主教以及其他基督教团体脱离了联系。<a href="#cite_note-233">[230]</a> 到了今天，基督徒占该州总人口的 57%，其中新教徒占21%。罗马天主教徒占34%，处于主导地位，这是历史上来自天主教国家（主要是爱尔兰、意大利、波兰、葡萄牙、魁北克和拉丁美洲）的大量移民所造成的结果。由于新英格兰的世俗化，新教和罗马天主教社区自20世纪后期以来一直在衰落。和美国西部一样，马萨诸塞州是美国宗教氛围最不浓厚的地区。1880年至1920年间，大量犹太人移民到波士顿和斯普林菲尔德地区。犹太人目前占该州全部人口的3%。<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E9%BA%97%C2%B7%E8%B2%9D%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E8%89%BE%E8%BF%AA" title="瑪麗·貝克·艾迪">玛丽·贝克·艾迪</a>创立了<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%85%B4%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="新兴宗教">新兴宗教</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="基督科學教會">基督科学教会</a>，其总部设立在波士顿的基督教科学中心。<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92" class="mw-redirect" title="佛教徒">佛教徒</a>、异教徒、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%95%99" title="印度教">印度教</a>徒、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E5%A4%8D%E4%B8%B4%E5%AE%89%E6%81%AF%E6%97%A5%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="基督复临安息日会">基督复临安息日会</a>教徒、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97" title="穆斯林">穆斯林</a>和摩门教徒都可以在马萨诸塞州找到自己的宗教场所。斯多克布里奇的克里帕鲁中心、斯普林菲尔德的少林冥想寺和巴利的顿悟冥想中心都是马萨诸塞州著名的非亚伯拉罕宗教场所。根据宗教数据档案协会（ARDA）2010年的数据，马萨诸塞州最大的教会是天主教会，有2,940,199名信徒。其次是联合基督教会，有86,639名信徒。然后就是<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%85%AC%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="圣公会">圣公会</a>，有81,999名信徒。<a href="#cite_note-234">[231]</a>32%的居民认为自己没有宗教信仰。<a href="#cite_note-235">[232]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="教育">教育</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：教育">编辑</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r70089473/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:184px;max-width:184px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Widener_Library.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Widener_Library.jpg/180px-Widener_Library.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Widener_Library.jpg/270px-Widener_Library.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Widener_Library.jpg/360px-Widener_Library.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1002" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:MIT_Dome_night1_Edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/MIT_Dome_night1_Edit.jpg/180px-MIT_Dome_night1_Edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/MIT_Dome_night1_Edit.jpg/270px-MIT_Dome_night1_Edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/MIT_Dome_night1_Edit.jpg/360px-MIT_Dome_night1_Edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2644" data-file-height="1610" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">哈佛大学和麻省理工学院在各个学科的学术研究方面都被广泛认为是世界上少数几所顶尖的大学。<a href="#cite_note-AcademicRanking2-68">[66]</a>（图为哈佛大学的<a href="/wiki/%E6%87%B7%E5%BE%B7%E7%B4%8D%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8" title="懷德納圖書館">懷德納圖書館</a>以及麻省理工学院的图书馆）</div></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">更多信息：<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="马萨诸塞大学">马萨诸塞大学</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A1%BF%E5%A4%A7%E9%83%BD%E4%BC%9A%E5%8C%BA%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E5%AD%A6%E6%A0%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="波士顿大都会区高等学校列表">波士顿大都会区高等学校列表</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MA_Public_High_School_District_SAT_by_town.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/MA_Public_High_School_District_SAT_by_town.png/220px-MA_Public_High_School_District_SAT_by_town.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/MA_Public_High_School_District_SAT_by_town.png/330px-MA_Public_High_School_District_SAT_by_town.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/MA_Public_High_School_District_SAT_by_town.png/440px-MA_Public_High_School_District_SAT_by_town.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1492" /></a><figcaption>2015-2016学年度马萨诸塞州各城镇公立高中的SAT成绩概况<a href="#cite_note-236">[233]</a></figcaption></figure> 2018年，根据《<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E4%B8%8E%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%8A%A5%E9%81%93" title="美国新闻与世界报道">美国新闻与世界报道</a>》的排名，马萨诸塞州的整体教育系统在全美50个州中排名第一。<a href="#cite_note-237">[234]</a>1647年，马萨诸塞湾殖民地通过了《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%AD%A6%E6%A0%A1%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞学校法（页面不存在）">马萨诸塞学校法</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_School_Laws" class="extiw" title="en:Massachusetts School Laws">Massachusetts School Laws</a>）》（此法律又因其第一句话得名为《老骗子撒旦法》），该法律将无知视为一种恶疾，要求每个住户数量超过50户的城镇必须雇佣一位教师负责本镇儿童的读写教育，住户数量超过100户的城镇必须设立一所<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%B3%95%E5%AD%A6%E6%A0%A1" title="文法学校">文法学校</a>。<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDejnozkaGiffordKapelKapel1982313-238">[235]</a>19世纪，由<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%BA%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%9B%BC" title="贺拉斯·曼">贺拉斯·曼</a>推动的改革<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDejnozkaGiffordKapelKapel1982311-239">[236]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldfieldAbbottAndersonArgersinger1998251–52-240">[237]</a>为1852年建立的义务教育奠定了坚实基础。<a href="#cite_note-compschools-128">[126]</a>马萨诸塞州是北美现存最古老且连续存在的学校（成立于1645年的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%9F%8F%E5%88%A9%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%A6%E6%A0%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="罗克斯柏利拉丁学校（页面不存在）">罗克斯柏利拉丁学校</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roxbury_Latin_School" class="extiw" title="en:Roxbury Latin School">Roxbury Latin School</a>））、全美最古老的公立小学（成立于1639年的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E7%91%9F%E5%AD%A6%E6%A0%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马瑟学校（页面不存在）">马瑟学校</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Mather_School" class="extiw" title="en:The Mather School">The Mather School</a>））<a href="#cite_note-241">[238]</a>、最古老的高中（成立于1935年的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A1%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%A6%E6%A0%A1" title="波士顿拉丁学校">波士顿拉丁学校</a>）<a href="#cite_note-242">[239]</a>、最古老且一直在连续经营的寄宿学校（成立于1763年的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%80%BB%E7%9D%A3%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="总督学院（页面不存在）">总督学院</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Governor%27s_Academy" class="extiw" title="en:The Governor's Academy">The Governor's Academy</a>））<a href="#cite_note-243">[240]</a>、最古老的大学（成立于1636年的<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="哈佛大学">哈佛大学</a>）<a href="#cite_note-244">[241]</a>以及最古老的女子学院（1837年成立的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E8%8D%B7%E8%8E%B2%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="曼荷莲学院">曼荷莲学院</a>）的所在地。<a href="#cite_note-245">[242]</a>除此之外，全美排名第一的私立高中<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%88%A9%E6%99%AE%E6%96%AF%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="菲利普斯学院">菲利普斯学院</a>位于马萨诸塞州的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%A4%9A%E5%BC%97_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="安多弗 (马萨诸塞州)">安多弗</a>，该学校创立于1778年。<a href="#cite_note-246">[243]</a> 根据2012年的调查结果显示，马萨诸塞州每个中小学生的公共支出为14,844美元，在美国所有的州中排名第八。<a href="#cite_note-247">[244]</a>2013年，马萨诸塞州在全国教育进展评估中获得了数学学科排名第一以及阅读学科排名第三的优异成绩。<a href="#cite_note-248">[245]</a>马萨诸塞州公立学校的学生在学习成绩方面位居世界前列。<a href="#cite_note-AcademicRanking3-70">[68]</a> 马萨诸塞州共有121所高等教育机构。<a href="#cite_note-249">[246]</a>哈佛大学和<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E7%9C%81%E7%90%86%E5%B7%A5%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="麻省理工学院">麻省理工学院</a>皆位于马萨诸塞州的<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%91%E6%A1%A5_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="剑桥 (马萨诸塞州)">剑桥</a>，长期以来都是全球公认的顶尖大学。<a href="#cite_note-250">[247]</a>除了哈佛大学和麻省理工学院，马萨诸塞州还有其它几所大学在《美国新闻与世界报道》广泛引用的本科教学水平排名中位列前50名，他们分别是：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="塔夫斯大学">塔夫斯大学</a>（第27名）、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A1%BF%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="波士顿学院">波士顿学院</a>（第32名）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%85%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="布兰代斯大学">布兰代斯大学</a>（第34名）、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A0%93%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="波士頓大學">波士顿大学</a>（第37名）和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6_(%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD)" title="东北大学 (美国)">东北大学</a>（第40名）。除此之外，《美国新闻与世界报道》中排名前五的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="文理学院">文理学院</a>也都位于马萨诸塞州，它们分别为<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="威廉姆斯学院">威廉姆斯学院</a>（第一名）、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%BB%98%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="阿默斯特学院">阿默斯特学院</a>（第二名）以及<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E6%96%AF%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="维斯理学院">维斯理学院</a>（第四名）。<a href="#cite_note-251">[248]</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A0%93%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2" title="波士頓建築學院">波士顿建筑学院</a>是新英格兰地区最大的私立空间设计学院。公立的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="马萨诸塞大学">马萨诸塞大学</a>在该州有5个校区，旗舰校区在<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%BB%98%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="阿默斯特 (马萨诸塞州)">阿默斯特</a>，该校区大约招收了2.5万多名学生。<a href="#cite_note-252">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-253">[250]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="经济">经济</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节：经济">编辑</a>]</div> 根据美国<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%B1%80" title="经济分析局">经济分析局</a>的估计，马萨诸塞州2020年<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC" title="地区生产总值">地区生产总值</a>为5840亿美元。<a href="#cite_note-254">[251]</a>2012年该州人均收入为53221美元，位列全美第三。<a href="#cite_note-255">[252]</a>截至2022年1月，马萨诸塞州的一般最低薪资为每小时14.25美元，小费工的最低薪资为每小时$6.15。若小费工的薪资没有超过一般最低薪资，则需要由雇主补足其差额。<a href="#cite_note-256">[253]</a> 根据2018年通过的一系列最低薪资修正案，到2023年1月时，一般最低薪资需要提高到每小时15美元，小费工的最低薪资需要提升至每小时6.75美元。最低工资在每年1月都会上调，直到2023年时达成目标。<a href="#cite_note-257">[254]</a> 2015年，共有12家财富美国500强公司位于马萨诸塞州，它们分别是<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E5%AF%B6%E4%BA%92%E5%8A%A9%E4%BF%9D%E9%9A%AA" title="利寶互助保險">利宝互助保险</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E8%90%AC%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%9D%E9%9A%AA" title="美國萬通保險">美国万通保险</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=TJX%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TJX公司（页面不存在）">TJX公司</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TJX_Companies" class="extiw" title="en:TJX Companies">TJX Companies</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E7%94%B5%E6%B0%94" title="通用电气">通用电气</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E7%A5%9E%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="雷神技术公司">雷神技术公司</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9B%BB%E5%A1%94%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美國電塔公司（页面不存在）">美國電塔公司</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Tower" class="extiw" title="en:American Tower">American Tower</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E4%BC%99%E4%BC%B4%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="全球合作伙伴公司（页面不存在）">全球合作伙伴公司</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Partners" class="extiw" title="en:Global Partners">Global Partners</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%9B%E9%BB%98%E9%A3%9E%E4%B8%96%E5%B0%94%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" title="赛默飞世尔科技">赛默飞世尔科技</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%AF%8C%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="道富公司">道富公司</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A4%E5%81%A5%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="渤健公司">渤健公司</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E6%BA%90%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" title="永源能源">永源能源</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A1%BF%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="波士顿科学">波士顿科学</a>。<a href="#cite_note-258">[255]</a> CNBC的《2014年最佳商业州名单》将马萨诸塞州排至全美第25位，<a href="#cite_note-259">[256]</a>该州连续第二年被彭博社评为美国最具创新精神的州。<a href="#cite_note-260">[257]</a>根据凤凰营销国际公司于2013年的一项研究表明，马萨诸塞州的百万富翁人数占比在美国排名第六，为 6.73%。<a href="#cite_note-261">[258]</a>很多居住在马萨诸塞州的亿万富翁是知名公司的领导或前领导，例如<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E8%BE%BE%E6%8A%95%E8%B5%84" title="富达投资">富达投资</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%99%BE%E4%BC%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="新百伦">新百伦</a>、卡夫集团以及大陆有线电视公司的领导者均居住在此。<a href="#cite_note-262">[259]</a> 马萨诸塞州目前有三个对外贸易区，分别为波士顿的马萨诸塞州港务局、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%B4%9D%E5%BE%B7%E7%A6%8F%E5%BE%B7_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="新贝德福德 (马萨诸塞州)">新贝德福德</a>港以及<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%A5%E5%85%8B_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="霍利奥克 (马萨诸塞州)">霍利奥克市</a>。<a href="#cite_note-263">[260]</a>此外<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%C2%B7%E5%8A%B3%E4%BC%A6%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%B4%9B%E6%A0%B9%E5%B0%86%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA" title="爱德华·劳伦斯·洛根将军国际机场">洛根将军国际机场</a>是新英格兰地区最繁忙的机场，于2015年全年接待旅客3340万人次，自2010年以来国际航空一直在快速增长。<a href="#cite_note-LoganTraffic-264">[261]</a> 马萨诸塞州的经济支柱包括高等教育、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="生物技术">生物技术</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="信息技术">信息技术</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D" title="金融">金融</a>、医疗保健、旅游、<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%B6%E9%80%A0%E4%B8%9A" title="制造业">制造</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%98%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="国防">国防</a>。128号公路周边以及大波士顿地区为美国著名的风险投资中心<a href="#cite_note-265">[262]</a>和高科技产业中心。近年来该州旅游业发展迅速，鳕鱼角和波士顿是游客主要观光地。<a href="#cite_note-266">[263]</a>其他受欢迎的旅游目的地还包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%8B%92%E5%A7%86_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="塞勒姆 (马萨诸塞州)">塞勒姆</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E8%8C%85%E6%96%AF_(%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="普利茅斯 (麻薩諸塞州)">普利茅斯</a>以及伯克希尔山。马萨诸塞州在全美最受外国游客欢迎的旅游目的地中排名第六。<a href="#cite_note-267">[264]</a>2010 年，马萨诸塞州名胜委员会发布了《马萨诸塞州的1000个名胜古迹》，罗列了能够突出该州历史、文化和自然特色的1000个景点。<a href="#cite_note-268">[265]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sunset_on_Cape_Cod_Bay.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Sunset_on_Cape_Cod_Bay.jpg/220px-Sunset_on_Cape_Cod_Bay.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Sunset_on_Cape_Cod_Bay.jpg/330px-Sunset_on_Cape_Cod_Bay.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Sunset_on_Cape_Cod_Bay.jpg/440px-Sunset_on_Cape_Cod_Bay.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4646" data-file-height="3023" /></a><figcaption>鳕鱼角湾布鲁斯特的日落</figcaption></figure> 尽管2016年马萨诸塞州的制造业产值占比不到10%，但是其总产出在全美排名第16位。<a href="#cite_note-269">[266]</a>并且产品种类十分丰富，如医疗设备、纸制品、特种化学品和塑料、电信和电子设备以及机械部件。<a href="#cite_note-270">[267]</a><a href="#cite_note-271">[268]</a> 马萨诸塞州的33000多家非营利组织共雇佣了该州六分之一的劳动力。<a href="#cite_note-272">[269]</a>2007年，州长<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%B8%95%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B" title="德瓦尔·帕特里克">德瓦尔·帕特里克</a>签署法案，将非营利意识日设定为州定假日。<a href="#cite_note-273">[270]</a> 2017年2月，《<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E4%B8%8E%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%8A%A5%E9%81%93" title="美国新闻与世界报道">美国新闻与世界报道</a>》杂志根据医疗、教育、犯罪、基础设施、发展机会、经济和政府运作等60项指标，将马萨诸塞州评为美国最佳州。马萨诸塞州在教育方面排名全美第一，在医疗保健方面排名第二，在经济议题的处理方面排名第五。<a href="#cite_note-best_states-71">[69]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="农业">农业</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节：农业">编辑</a>]</div> 根据2012年的一项调查研究表明，马萨诸塞州全州总共有7755个农场，总面积为523,517英畝（2,120平方公里），平均每个农场67.5英畝（27.3公頃）。<a href="#cite_note-274">[271]</a>该州三分之一以上产值的农产品为温室作物，此外<a href="/wiki/%E8%94%93%E8%B6%8A%E8%8E%93" class="mw-redirect" title="蔓越莓">蔓越莓</a>、甜玉米和苹果也是该州主要农产品。<a href="#cite_note-275">[272]</a>马萨诸塞州为美国第二大蔓越莓生产州，仅次于<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E6%96%AF%E5%BA%B7%E6%98%9F%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="威斯康星州">威斯康星州</a>。<a href="#cite_note-276">[273]</a> 水果种植产业给该州带来了巨大的收入。<a href="#cite_note-fruit-UMassExt-277">[274]</a>与此同时，<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="马萨诸塞大学">马萨诸塞大学</a>还设立了推广水果计划，为果树种植人员提供信息层面的支持。<a href="#cite_note-fruit-UMassExt-277">[274]</a>由于该州的草莓种植行业经常受到<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B0%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E5%AD%A2%E8%8F%8C" title="灰葡萄孢菌">灰葡萄孢菌</a><a href="#cite_note-Strawberry-Botrytis-UMassExt-278">[275]</a>以及牧草盲蝽<a href="#cite_note-Strawberry-Lygus-UMassExt-279">[276]</a>的危害，因此推广水果计划会给从业者提供相关的数据表单。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="税收">税收</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&action=edit&section=24" title="编辑章节：税收">编辑</a>]</div> 马萨诸塞州的州税和地方税总税率约为11.44%，位列全美（50州外加华盛顿特区）第21位。人均年纳税额为$6163，位列全美第25位。<a href="#cite_note-280">[277]</a>此外，该州的公司税和财产税分别位列全美第39位和第46为，低于全美平均水平，但是个人所得税和销售税分别位列全美第13位和第18位，超过全美平均水平。<a href="#cite_note-281">[278]</a>在20世纪70年代，由于马萨诸塞州的高税收政策，导致该州被居民戏称为“马萨征税州（Taxachusetts）”。不过到了80年代，由于保守主义势力的抬头，该州出台了一系列限制税收的提案，其中包括《<a href="/w/index.php?title=1980%E5%B9%B4%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E2%C2%BD%E6%8F%90%E6%A1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1980年马萨诸塞州2½提案（页面不存在）">2½提案</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_Massachusetts_Proposition_2%C2%BD" class="extiw" title="en:1980 Massachusetts Proposition 2½">1980 Massachusetts Proposition 2½</a>）》。<a href="#cite_note-282">[279]</a> 自2020年1月1日起，马萨诸塞州实行税率为5%的统一税率个人所得税，<a href="#cite_note-283">[280]</a>而早在2002年的全民公投中，就曾提议将个人所得税税率降低至5%，<a href="#cite_note-284">[281]</a>最终立法机关同意了此项提案。<a href="#cite_note-285">[282]</a>对于收入低于起征点的居民，政府将对其免征所得税，其中起征点每年都会根据经济发展状况进行调整。该州的公司税税率为8.8%，<a href="#cite_note-MassTaxes1-286">[283]</a>短期<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E5%88%A9%E5%BE%97%E7%A8%8E" title="资本利得税">资本利得税</a>的税率为12%。<a href="#cite_note-MassTax2-287">[284]</a>除此之外该州还允许反对减税的人自愿按照减税前5.85%的税率多纳税，结果每年都有一千至两千人选择公益性的多纳税。<a href="#cite_note-288">[285]</a> 该州对个人有形财产零售征收6.25%的销售税，<a href="#cite_note-MassTaxes1-286">[283]</a>不过杂货、服装（不超过175美元）和期刊的零售不在此征税范围内。<a href="#cite_note-SalesTax1-289">[286]</a>对于售价超过175美元的服装，只需要对超出的部分缴税即可。<a href="#cite_note-SalesTax1-289">[286]</a>对于在其他州购买且零售商未向马萨诸塞州缴税的商品的商品，消费者还需要向该州缴纳一笔使用税。这笔税需要纳税人在所得税表格或专用税表格中申报，不过该州存在一些“安全港”，在这些地方纳税人可免缴使用税，但是对于金额超过1000美元的商品则不在免税范围内。<a href="#cite_note-SalesTax1-289">[286]</a>该州没有<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7%E7%A8%8E" title="遗产税">遗产税</a>，并且与联邦遗产税相关的税收也十分有限。<a href="#cite_note-MassTax2-287">[284]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="能源">能源</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节：能源">编辑</a>]</div> 马萨诸塞州于1998年引入了竞争性的电力市场，消费者可以在不更换公用事业公司的前提下更换电力提供商。<a href="#cite_note-290">[287]</a>2018年，马萨诸塞州消耗了1459万亿<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E7%83%AD%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D" title="英热单位">BTU</a>的能源，<a href="#cite_note-EIAmass-291">[288]</a>为全美人均消耗能源第七少的州，其中31%的能源来自<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%84%B6%E6%B0%94" title="天然气">天然气</a>。<a href="#cite_note-EIAmass-291">[288]</a>在2014年和2015年，马萨诸塞州被评为美国能效最高的州，<a href="#cite_note-292">[289]</a><a href="#cite_note-293">[290]</a>波士顿则被评为能效最高的城市，<a href="#cite_note-294">[291]</a>不过该州居民的平均电价位列全美第四。<a href="#cite_note-EIAmass-291">[288]</a>2018年，该州可再生能源消耗量约占全州能源消费总量的7.2%，位列全美第34位。<a href="#cite_note-EIAmass-291">[288]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="交通">交通</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&action=edit&section=26" title="编辑章节：交通">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E9%83%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="马萨诸塞州交通部">马萨诸塞州交通部</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E6%B9%BE%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E5%B1%80" title="马萨诸塞湾交通局">马萨诸塞湾交通局</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MBTA_services_sampling_excluding_trolleybus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/MBTA_services_sampling_excluding_trolleybus.jpg/250px-MBTA_services_sampling_excluding_trolleybus.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/MBTA_services_sampling_excluding_trolleybus.jpg/375px-MBTA_services_sampling_excluding_trolleybus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/MBTA_services_sampling_excluding_trolleybus.jpg/500px-MBTA_services_sampling_excluding_trolleybus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3068" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E6%B9%BE%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E5%B1%80" title="马萨诸塞湾交通局">马萨诸塞湾交通局</a>负责管理大波士顿地区的交通</figcaption></figure> 马萨诸塞州共有10个都市规划组织和3个非都市规划组织，覆盖了全州各区域的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E8%A7%84%E5%88%92" title="交通规划">交通规划</a>工作。<a href="#cite_note-295">[292]</a>州一级的交通规划任务则由<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E9%83%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="马萨诸塞州交通部">马萨诸塞州交通部</a>来完成。交通运输是马萨诸塞州最大的温室气体排放来源。<a href="#cite_note-296">[293]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="区域性公共交通">区域性公共交通</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&action=edit&section=27" title="编辑章节：区域性公共交通">编辑</a>]</div> 马萨诸塞湾交通局负责大波士顿地区的公共交通服务，<a href="#cite_note-297">[294]</a>从地铁<a href="#cite_note-298">[295]</a>到巴士<a href="#cite_note-299">[296]</a>甚至再到渡船<a href="#cite_note-300">[297]</a>均由其负责管理。 除了大波士顿之外，该州还有其它15个地区的交通局提供公共交通服务。<a href="#cite_note-301">[298]</a>目前该州依然存在4处<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%82%E5%85%89%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF" title="观光铁路">观光铁路</a>，它们分别是： <ul><li>海因尼斯至秃鹰湾的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%B3%95%E9%B1%BC%E8%A7%92%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鳕鱼角中央铁路（页面不存在）">鳕鱼角中央铁路</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Cod_Central_Railroad" class="extiw" title="en:Cape Cod Central Railroad">Cape Cod Central Railroad</a>）<a href="#cite_note-302">[299]</a></li> <li>李镇到大巴灵顿的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%AF%E5%85%8B%E5%B8%8C%E5%B0%94%E8%A7%82%E5%85%89%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伯克希尔观光铁路博物馆（页面不存在）">伯克希尔观光铁路</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkshire_Scenic_Railway_Museum" class="extiw" title="en:Berkshire Scenic Railway Museum">Berkshire Scenic Railway Museum</a>）<a href="#cite_note-303">[300]</a></li> <li>位于卡佛的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%83%E8%BE%BE%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="埃达维尔铁路（页面不存在）">埃达维尔铁路</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edaville_Railroad" class="extiw" title="en:Edaville Railroad">Edaville Railroad</a>）<a href="#cite_note-304">[301]</a></li> <li>位于洛厄尔的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E6%9C%89%E8%BD%A8%E7%94%B5%E8%BD%A6%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="国家有轨电车博物馆（页面不存在）">洛厄尔国家历史公园电车线</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Streetcar_Museum" class="extiw" title="en:National Streetcar Museum">National Streetcar Museum</a>）<a href="#cite_note-305">[302]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="长途列车和巴士">长途列车和巴士</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&action=edit&section=28" title="编辑章节：长途列车和巴士">编辑</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E9%93%81" class="mw-redirect" title="美铁">美铁</a>运营着多条与马萨诸塞州相连的城际铁路，其中<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A1%BF%E5%8D%97%E7%AB%99" title="波士顿南站">波士顿南站</a>为三条美铁铁道路线的终点站。第一条为<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%A5%BF%E4%B9%90%E7%89%B9%E5%BF%AB%E5%8F%B7%E5%88%97%E8%BD%A6" title="阿西乐特快号列车">阿西乐特快号列车</a>的路线，连接至<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%B4%E7%99%BB%E6%96%AF" title="普罗维登斯">普罗维登斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BD%E9%BB%91%E6%96%87" title="纽黑文">纽黑文</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%90%E7%B4%84%E5%B8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="紐約市">纽约市</a>，最终可抵达<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E7%9B%9B%E9%A1%BF%E7%89%B9%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="华盛顿特区">华盛顿特区</a>。第二条为<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%8C%97%E5%8D%80%E5%9F%9F%E8%99%9F%E5%88%97%E8%BB%8A" title="東北區域號列車">东北区域号列车</a>的路线，一开始和<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%A5%BF%E4%B9%90%E7%89%B9%E5%BF%AB%E5%8F%B7%E5%88%97%E8%BD%A6" title="阿西乐特快号列车">阿西乐特快号列车</a>的路线有所重叠，但还能继续向南延伸，最终抵达<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E5%90%89%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%B7%9E" title="弗吉尼亚州">弗吉尼亚州</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%90%E6%B3%A2%E7%89%B9%E7%B4%90%E6%96%AF_(%E7%B6%AD%E5%90%89%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%B7%9E)" class="mw-redirect" title="紐波特紐斯 (維吉尼亞州)">纽波特纽斯</a>。第三条为<a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E7%95%94%E7%89%B9%E5%BF%AB" title="湖畔特快">湖畔特快列车</a>的线路，该线路一直向西延伸，途径<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8D%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="伍斯特 (马萨诸塞州)">伍斯特</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%99%AE%E6%9E%97%E8%8F%B2%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="斯普林菲尔德 (马萨诸塞州)">斯普林菲尔德</a>，最终抵达<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%93%A5" title="芝加哥">芝加哥</a>。<a href="#cite_note-amtrak-306">[303]</a><a href="#cite_note-307">[304]</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A1%BF%E5%8C%97%E7%AB%99" title="波士顿北站">波士顿北站</a>则是美铁<a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%85%E5%9B%A0%E5%B7%9E%E4%B8%9C%E9%83%A8%E6%B2%BF%E6%B5%B7%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E5%8F%B7%E5%88%97%E8%BD%A6" title="缅因州东部沿海地区号列车">缅因州东部沿海地区号列车</a>的终点站，乘坐此列车可前往<a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%85%E5%9B%A0%E5%B7%9E" title="缅因州">缅因州</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%89%B9%E8%98%AD_(%E7%B7%AC%E5%9B%A0%E5%B7%9E)" title="波特蘭 (緬因州)">波特兰</a>以及不伦瑞克。<a href="#cite_note-amtrak-306">[303]</a> 除了波士顿之外，美铁在马萨诸塞州的其他城市也提供运输服务。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E7%89%B9%E7%A6%8F%E5%BE%B7%E7%BA%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哈特福德线（页面不存在）">哈特福德线</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartford_Line" class="extiw" title="en:Hartford Line">Hartford Line</a>）连接着斯普林菲尔德和纽黑文两地，由马萨诸塞州和康乃狄克州的交通部共同管理。山谷飞人号列车线路与哈特福德线有所重合，但是这条线路会继续向北延伸至<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E6%9E%97%E8%8F%B2%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="格林菲尔德 (马萨诸塞州)">格林菲尔德</a>。此外，连接<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%B7%9E" title="佛蒙特州">佛蒙特州</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%9C%AC%E6%96%AF_(%E4%BD%9B%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%B7%9E)" title="圣奥尔本斯 (佛蒙特州)">圣奥尔本斯</a>和华盛顿特区的佛蒙特人号列车会经停马萨诸塞州西部的几个车站。<a href="#cite_note-amtrak-306">[303]</a> 美铁在波士顿和纽约市之间运送的乘客数量超过了所有航空客运量的总和（在2012年约占总客运量的54%）<a href="#cite_note-308">[305]</a>，但是在其他城市之间的客运量较少。该州还有很多私营巴士公司提供运输服务，诸如彼得潘巴士（总部位于斯普林菲尔德）以及<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B0%E7%8B%97%E5%B7%B4%E5%A3%AB" title="灰狗巴士">灰狗巴士</a>等。此外，波士顿南站还是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9F%8E%E5%AE%A2%E8%BF%90%E8%B7%AF%E7%BA%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="中国城客运路线">中国城客运路线</a>的起点，提供连接纽约和波士顿两地唐人街的运输服务。<a href="#cite_note-309">[306]</a> <a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E6%B9%BE%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E5%B1%80%E9%80%9A%E5%8B%A4%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF" title="马萨诸塞湾交通局通勤铁路">MBTA通勤铁路</a>服务贯穿大波士顿都会区，包括<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8D%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="伍斯特 (马萨诸塞州)">伍斯特</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%A5%87%E5%A0%A1_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="菲奇堡 (马萨诸塞州)">菲奇堡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%94_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="黑弗里尔 (马萨诸塞州)">黑弗里尔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BD%E4%BC%AF%E9%87%8C%E6%B3%A2%E7%89%B9" title="纽伯里波特">纽伯里波特</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E5%8E%84%E5%B0%94_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="洛厄尔 (马萨诸塞州)">洛厄尔</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E8%8C%85%E6%96%AF_(%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="普利茅斯 (麻薩諸塞州)">普利茅斯</a>等城市。<a href="#cite_note-310">[307]</a>这条线路部分与邻近地区交通局所运营的运输线路产生重叠。2013年夏，鳕鱼角地区交通局和马萨诸塞湾交通局以及马萨诸塞州交通部合作运营了海角飞人号列车线路，以提供往返于波士顿和鳕鱼角的客运服务。<a href="#cite_note-311">[308]</a><a href="#cite_note-312">[309]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="轮渡">轮渡</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&action=edit&section=29" title="编辑章节：轮渡">编辑</a>]</div> 鳕鱼角以北的大多数港口都有波士顿港口邮轮公司提供的轮渡服务，该公司还与马萨诸塞湾运输局签订了合同，在大波士顿地区及周边地区运营轮渡服务。数条轮渡线路将波士顿市中心与欣厄姆、赫尔、温斯洛普、塞勒姆、洛根机场、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%E9%A0%93_(%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A0%93)" title="查爾斯頓 (波士頓)">查尔斯敦</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A0%93%E6%B8%AF" title="波士頓港">波士顿港</a>内的一些岛屿连为一体。这家公司还运营着往返于波士顿和<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%B4%E7%99%BB%E6%96%AF" title="普罗维登斯">普罗维登斯</a>之间的季节性轮渡业务。<a href="#cite_note-313">[310]</a> 而在该州南岸的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E5%9B%AD%E5%B2%9B" title="马萨葡萄园岛">马萨葡萄园岛</a>，有数条航线提供着往返于该岛和美国大陆的航运服务，岛上居民可以坐船前往马萨诸塞州的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8D%E5%85%B9%E9%9C%8D%E5%B0%94" title="伍兹霍尔">伍兹霍尔</a>、海恩尼斯、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%B4%9D%E5%BE%B7%E7%A6%8F%E5%BE%B7_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="新贝德福德 (马萨诸塞州)">新贝德福德</a>和法尔茅斯，还能前往<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E5%BE%B7%E5%B2%9B%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="罗德岛州">罗德岛州</a>的北金斯顿、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%B3%BD%E8%A5%BF%E5%B7%9E" title="新泽西州">新泽西州</a>的高地市以及<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%90%E7%B4%84%E5%B8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="紐約市">纽约市</a>。<a href="#cite_note-314">[311]</a>当然，岛屿之间也有很多船运航线，目前这些航线目前主要由海浪公司、海连游轮公司以及轮船管理局运营。其中轮船管理局为政府机构，负责管理辖区范围内所有的航运服务，同时也是唯一的货运服务商。<a href="#cite_note-315">[312]</a> 该州的其他渡轮线路还包括通过<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BD%E6%B3%A2%E7%89%B9_(%E7%BD%97%E5%BE%97%E5%B2%9B%E5%B7%9E)" title="纽波特 (罗得岛州)">纽波特</a>连接<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%B0%94%E9%87%8C%E5%BC%97_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="福尔里弗 (马萨诸塞州)">福尔里弗</a>和布洛克岛的线路<a href="#cite_note-316">[313]</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E8%8C%85%E6%96%AF_(%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="普利茅斯 (麻薩諸塞州)">普利茅斯</a>到<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%B4%E7%99%BB%E6%96%AF" title="普罗维登斯">普罗维登斯</a>的季节性渡轮线路<a href="#cite_note-317">[314]</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%B4%9D%E5%BE%B7%E7%A6%8F%E5%BE%B7_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="新贝德福德 (马萨诸塞州)">新贝德福德</a>和卡蒂汉克之间也设有轮渡线路。<a href="#cite_note-318">[315]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="铁路货运">铁路货运</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&action=edit&section=30" title="编辑章节：铁路货运">编辑</a>]</div> 截至2018年，马萨诸塞州境内有多家货运铁路运营公司，其中最大的一类铁路运营商<a href="/wiki/CSX%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="CSX公司">CSX</a>，另一家一类铁路运营商<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E7%A6%8F%E5%85%8B%E5%8D%97%E6%96%B9%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF" title="諾福克南方鐵路">诺福克南方铁路公司</a>和CSX共同成立了泛美南方有限公司，并通过这个子公司在该州展开业务。同时还有若干短程的区域性铁路将这些铁路网连为一体。<a href="#cite_note-319">[316]</a>马萨诸塞州当前运营中的货运铁路总长为1,110英里（1,790公里）。<a href="#cite_note-320">[317]</a><a href="#cite_note-321">[318]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="航空">航空</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&action=edit&section=31" title="编辑章节：航空">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Logan_Airport_aerial_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Logan_Airport_aerial_view.jpg/220px-Logan_Airport_aerial_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Logan_Airport_aerial_view.jpg/330px-Logan_Airport_aerial_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Logan_Airport_aerial_view.jpg/440px-Logan_Airport_aerial_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>位于波士顿的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E6%A0%B9%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="洛根国际机场">洛根国际机场</a>是整个新英格兰地区客运量最大的国际机场</figcaption></figure> 2015年，波士顿洛根国际机场的103个登机口<a href="#cite_note-322">[319]</a><a href="#cite_note-massport-323">[320]</a>共接待旅客3350万名（2014年接待旅客人数为3160万）。<a href="#cite_note-LoganTraffic-264">[261]</a>洛根机场、贝德福德的汉斯康姆机场和伍斯特地区机场都是由独立的州立运输机构马萨诸塞州港务局运营。<a href="#cite_note-massport-323">[320]</a>马萨诸塞州有39个公共机场<a href="#cite_note-324">[321]</a>和200多个私人直升机停机坪。<a href="#cite_note-325">[322]</a>该州的部分机场得到了马萨诸塞州交通部航空司和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%B1%80" title="美国联邦航空管理局">美国联邦航空管理局</a>的资助。此外，联邦航空管理局也是马萨诸塞州航空旅行的主要监管机构。<a href="#cite_note-326">[323]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="高速公路">高速公路</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&action=edit&section=32" title="编辑章节：高速公路">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:National-atlas-massachusetts.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/National-atlas-massachusetts.png/230px-National-atlas-massachusetts.png" decoding="async" width="230" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/National-atlas-massachusetts.png/345px-National-atlas-massachusetts.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/National-atlas-massachusetts.png/460px-National-atlas-massachusetts.png 2x" data-file-width="765" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption>马萨诸塞州境内的重要公路及城市</figcaption></figure> 马萨诸塞州境内的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%9E%E9%9A%9B%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="州際公路系統">州际公路</a>以及其他公路全长共计36,800英里（59,200公里）。<a href="#cite_note-327">[324]</a><a href="/wiki/90%E5%8F%B7%E5%B7%9E%E9%99%85%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="90号州际公路">90号州际公路</a>是马萨诸塞州境内最长的州际公路，这条线路在马萨诸塞州境内的总长度为136 mi（219 km），从西斯托克布里奇镇由<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6%E5%B7%9E" title="纽约州">纽约州</a>接入，一直向东延伸途经<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%99%AE%E6%9E%97%E8%8F%B2%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="斯普林菲尔德 (马萨诸塞州)">斯普林菲尔德</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8D%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="伍斯特 (马萨诸塞州)">伍斯特</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E6%98%8E%E7%BF%B0" title="弗雷明翰">弗雷明翰</a>直至波士顿洛根国际机场。<a href="#cite_note-328">[325]</a>马萨诸塞州内的其他州际公路还包括<a href="/wiki/91%E5%8F%B7%E5%B7%9E%E9%99%85%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="91号州际公路">91号州际公路</a>、<a href="/wiki/93%E5%8F%B7%E5%B7%9E%E9%99%85%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="93号州际公路">93号州际公路</a>以及<a href="/wiki/95%E5%8F%B7%E5%B7%9E%E9%99%85%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="95号州际公路">95号州际公路</a>。其中<a href="/wiki/91%E5%8F%B7%E5%B7%9E%E9%99%85%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="91号州际公路">91号州际公路</a>沿着康涅狄格河呈南北走向，<a href="/wiki/93%E5%8F%B7%E5%B7%9E%E9%99%85%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="93号州际公路">93号州际公路</a>亦呈现南北走向，在穿过波士顿市中心以及梅休因后可抵达新罕布什尔州。而<a href="/wiki/95%E5%8F%B7%E5%B7%9E%E9%99%85%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="95号州际公路">95号州际公路</a>则与128号公路部分<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E7%B7%9A_(%E9%81%93%E8%B7%AF)" title="共線 (道路)">共线</a>形成<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E8%B7%AF" title="环路">环路</a>，环绕着一些城市化区域，并且也可以通往新罕布什尔州。<a href="#cite_note-329">[326]</a> <a href="/wiki/495%E5%8F%B7%E5%B7%9E%E9%99%85%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="495号州际公路 (马萨诸塞州)">495号州际公路</a>在大波士顿外围形成一个宽阔的环路，除此之外马萨诸塞州的其他主要州际公路还包括<a href="/w/index.php?title=291%E5%8F%B7%E5%B7%9E%E9%99%85%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="291号州际公路 (马萨诸塞州)（页面不存在）">291</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_291_(Massachusetts)" class="extiw" title="en:Interstate 291 (Massachusetts)">Interstate 291 (Massachusetts)</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=391%E5%8F%B7%E5%B7%9E%E9%99%85%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="391号州际公路（页面不存在）">391</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_391" class="extiw" title="en:Interstate 391">Interstate 391</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=84%E5%8F%B7%E5%B7%9E%E9%99%85%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="84号州际公路 (马萨诸塞州)（页面不存在）">84</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_84_in_Massachusetts" class="extiw" title="en:Interstate 84 in Massachusetts">Interstate 84 in Massachusetts</a>）、195、395、290以及190号州际公路。马萨诸塞州的主要非州际公路包括美国<a href="/wiki/1%E5%8F%B7%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E9%81%93" title="1号美国国道">1</a>、<a href="/wiki/3%E5%8F%B7%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E9%81%93" title="3号美国国道">3</a>、<a href="/wiki/6%E5%8F%B7%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E9%81%93" title="6号美国国道">6</a>和<a href="/wiki/20%E5%8F%B7%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E9%81%93" title="20号美国国道">20号</a>国道，以及2、3、9、24和128号州道。马萨诸塞州的绝大多数州际公路都是在20世纪中叶建造的，这些公路的建设很多都伴随着争议。尤其是1948年首次提出从罗德岛普罗维登斯向东北方向建设<a href="/wiki/91%E5%8F%B7%E5%B7%9E%E9%99%85%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="91号州际公路">91号州际公路</a>的计划，这个建设计划在提出后反对声浪就不断地增长。最终在1970年时，州长弗朗西斯·W·萨金特发布了一项针对在波士顿地区I-95/128号公路环路建设的禁令。<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000283–284-330">[327]</a>除此之外，一项将<a href="/wiki/93%E5%8F%B7%E5%B7%9E%E9%99%85%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="93号州际公路">93号州际公路</a>波士顿市中心段引入地下的大规模工程（称为“<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%BC%80%E6%8E%98" title="大开掘">大开掘</a>”）使该市的高速公路系统因其高成本和低施工质量而遭到公众质疑。 <a href="#cite_note-BigDig1-135">[133]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="政治与法律">政治与法律</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&action=edit&section=33" title="编辑章节：政治与法律">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boston_-Massachusetts_State_House_(48718911666).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Boston_-Massachusetts_State_House_%2848718911666%29.jpg/220px-Boston_-Massachusetts_State_House_%2848718911666%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Boston_-Massachusetts_State_House_%2848718911666%29.jpg/330px-Boston_-Massachusetts_State_House_%2848718911666%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Boston_-Massachusetts_State_House_%2848718911666%29.jpg/440px-Boston_-Massachusetts_State_House_%2848718911666%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4078" data-file-height="2549" /></a><figcaption>位于<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A1%BF%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%AD" title="波士顿公园">波士顿公园</a>附近的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A%E5%A4%A7%E5%8E%A6" title="马萨诸塞州议会大厦">马萨诸塞州议会大厦</a></figcaption></figure> 马萨诸塞州的政治史最早可以追溯到《<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%9C%88%E8%8A%B1%E5%8F%B7%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6" title="五月花号公约">五月花号公约</a>》，当时的政治实体分为独立的马萨诸塞湾殖民地和普利茅斯殖民地，两者后来合并为<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E6%B9%BE%E7%9C%81" title="马萨诸塞湾省">马萨诸塞湾省</a>。《马萨诸塞州宪法》于1780年美国独立战争期间被批准，比美国联邦条例的起草晚了4年，但是比1788年6月21日美国宪法的批准早了8年。因此由<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%BD%93%E6%96%AF" title="约翰·亚当斯">约翰·亚当斯</a>起草的《马萨诸塞州宪法》是目前世界上历史最悠久的持续生效的宪法。<a href="#cite_note-331">[328]</a><a href="#cite_note-332">[329]</a><a href="#cite_note-333">[330]</a>这部宪法从诞生到今天共经历过120次修正，最近一次是在2000年。<a href="#cite_note-334">[331]</a> 自从20世纪下半叶以来，马萨诸塞州的政治一直由<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%9A_(%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD)" title="民主党 (美国)">民主党</a>占主导地位，是美国最倾向于<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="自由主义">自由主义</a>的州。<a href="#cite_note-335">[332]</a>1974年，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E8%8E%B1%E6%81%A9%C2%B7%E8%AF%BA%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊莱恩·诺布尔（页面不存在）">伊莱恩·诺布尔</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elaine_Noble" class="extiw" title="en:Elaine Noble">Elaine Noble</a>）当选马萨诸塞州州议员，是美国历史上第一个出柜的州议员。<a href="#cite_note-336">[333]</a>1972年，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A%E9%80%89%E5%8C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州第十二国会选区（页面不存在）">马萨诸塞州第十二国会选区</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_12th_congressional_district" class="extiw" title="en:Massachusetts's 12th congressional district">Massachusetts's 12th congressional district</a>）选出了美国历史上第一个出柜的国会议员<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E5%85%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="格里·斯塔兹（页面不存在）">格里·斯塔兹</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerry_Studds" class="extiw" title="en:Gerry Studds">Gerry Studds</a>），<a href="#cite_note-337">[334]</a>并且在2004年成为了全美第一个允许<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E6%80%A7%E5%A9%9A%E5%A7%BB" title="同性婚姻">同性婚姻</a>的州。<a href="#cite_note-CNNmarriage-62">[60]</a>2006年，马萨诸塞州成为了全美第一个提供近乎全民医疗的州。<a href="#cite_note-338">[335]</a><a href="#cite_note-339">[336]</a>除此之外，马萨诸塞州还有支持<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%87%E6%8A%A4%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="庇护城市">庇护城市</a>的法律。<a href="#cite_note-340">[337]</a> 根据2020年的一项研究表明，马萨诸塞州在全美最容易让公民投票的州中排名第十一位。<a href="#cite_note-341">[338]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="政府">政府</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&action=edit&section=34" title="编辑章节：政府">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maura_Healey,_official_portrait,_governor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Maura_Healey%2C_official_portrait%2C_governor.jpg/150px-Maura_Healey%2C_official_portrait%2C_governor.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Maura_Healey%2C_official_portrait%2C_governor.jpg/225px-Maura_Healey%2C_official_portrait%2C_governor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Maura_Healey%2C_official_portrait%2C_governor.jpg/300px-Maura_Healey%2C_official_portrait%2C_governor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4325" data-file-height="5504" /></a><figcaption>马萨诸塞州第73任州长<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E5%B8%8C%E5%88%A9" title="莫拉·希利">莫拉·希利</a></figcaption></figure> 和联邦政府一样，马萨诸塞州政府亦奉行行政、立法和司法三权分立的制度。马萨诸塞州州长负责该州的行政，马萨诸塞州议会则负责该州的立法，而马萨诸塞州的司法则由法院负责。<a href="#cite_note-342">[339]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="行政部门">行政部门</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&action=edit&section=35" title="编辑章节：行政部门">编辑</a>]</div> 作为该州的行政长官，州长有权签署或否决立法、任命司法和行政部门的官员、赦免犯人、准备年度预算以及指挥马萨诸塞州国民警卫队。<a href="#cite_note-MassPol1-343">[340]</a>和其他绝大多数州不同，马萨诸塞州州长享有<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%81%E4%B8%8B" title="阁下">阁下</a>的尊称。<a href="#cite_note-MassPol1-343">[340]</a>目前该州州长为<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E5%B8%8C%E5%88%A9" title="莫拉·希利">莫拉·希利</a>，副州长为<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E5%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="金·德里斯科尔（页面不存在）">金·德里斯科尔</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Driscoll" class="extiw" title="en:Kim Driscoll">Kim Driscoll</a>），州长与由副州长和八名民选委员组成的单独执行委员会一起处理该州事务。<a href="#cite_note-MassPol1-343">[340]</a>根据州宪法的规定，该委员会负责审查和确认州长的任命和赦免、批准从国库中拨出的款项以及批准选举等职责。<a href="#cite_note-MassPol1-343">[340]</a> 除州长和执行委员会外，行政部门中通过独立选举产生的官职还包括一名州务卿、一名司法部长、一名州财长和一名州审计员。目前在马萨诸塞州政府担任这些官职的人分别为威廉·F·加尔文、莫拉·希利、德布·戈德堡和苏珊娜·邦普，他们皆隶属于民主党。根据该州法律规定，州务卿的职能为管理选举、监管游说者和证券业、注册公司、登记全州所有的契据以及保存该州所有的公共记录。<a href="#cite_note-344">[341]</a>司法部长作为马萨诸塞州首席律师和执法官，其职能是为州机构提供法律服务、打击欺诈和腐败、调查和起诉犯罪活动以及执行消费者保护、环境、劳工和民权方面的法律。<a href="#cite_note-345">[342]</a>州财政部长作为首席财务官管理州的现金流、债务和投资，而州审计员作为首席审计执行官进行审计、调查和研究，以促进政府问责制和透明度并改善该州的财务管理、法律合规性和绩效。<a href="#cite_note-346">[343]</a><a href="#cite_note-347">[344]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="立法部门">立法部门</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&action=edit&section=36" title="编辑章节：立法部门">编辑</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A" title="马萨诸塞州议会">马萨诸塞州议会</a>由<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E5%8F%82%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2" title="马萨诸塞州参议院">州参议院</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E4%BC%97%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2" title="马萨诸塞州众议院">州众议院</a>组成，为马萨诸塞州的立法机构。<a href="#cite_note-MassPol1-343">[340]</a>其中众议院的议员数为160人，参议院则为40人。<a href="#cite_note-MassPol1-343">[340]</a>参众两院的领导均由各自议院的议员选出，其中众议院领导为发言人，而参议院领导则为议长。<a href="#cite_note-MassPol1-343">[340]</a>目前州参众两院均包含数个委员会，<a href="#cite_note-MassPol1-343">[340]</a>所有议员均通过民选产生，任期均为两年。<a href="#cite_note-348">[345]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="司法部门">司法部门</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&action=edit&section=37" title="编辑章节：司法部门">编辑</a>]</div> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州最高法院（页面不存在）">马萨诸塞州最高法院</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Supreme_Judicial_Court" class="extiw" title="en:Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court">Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court</a>）由一名首席大法官和六名助理法官组成，他们均由州长任命，但还需要通过执行委员会确认方可上任。<a href="#cite_note-MassPol1-343">[340]</a> 马萨诸塞州的联邦法院案件由<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="美国马萨诸塞联邦地区法院">美国马萨诸塞联邦地区法院</a>审理，上诉则由<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B7%A1%E5%9B%9E%E4%B8%8A%E8%AF%89%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="美国联邦第一巡回上诉法院">美国联邦第一巡回上诉法院</a>负责审理。<a href="#cite_note-349">[346]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="国会议员">国会议员</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&action=edit&section=38" title="编辑章节：国会议员">编辑</a>]</div> 马萨诸塞州的所有国会议员均隶属于民主党。<a href="#cite_note-350">[347]</a>目前该州联邦参议员为<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E8%8E%89%E8%8E%8E%E7%99%BD%C2%B7%E8%8F%AF%E5%80%AB" title="伊莉莎白·華倫">伊莉莎白·華倫</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%9F%BA" title="艾德·马基">艾德·马基</a>，而众议员为<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%C2%B7%E5%B0%BC%E7%88%BE" title="理查·尼爾">理查·尼尔</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E9%81%B8%E5%8D%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="麻薩諸塞州第一國會選區（页面不存在）">第一國會選區</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_1st_congressional_district" class="extiw" title="en:Massachusetts's 1st congressional district">Massachusetts's 1st congressional district</a>））、<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E9%BA%A5%E5%85%8B%E9%AB%98%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="吉姆·麥克高文">吉姆·麦克高文</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E9%81%B8%E5%8D%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="麻薩諸塞州第二國會選區（页面不存在）">第二國會選區</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_2nd_congressional_district" class="extiw" title="en:Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district">Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district</a>））、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%9B%E7%91%9E%C2%B7%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E6%B1%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="洛瑞·特拉汉（页面不存在）">洛瑞·特拉汉</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lori_Trahan" class="extiw" title="en:Lori Trahan">Lori Trahan</a>）（<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E9%81%B8%E5%8D%80" title="麻薩諸塞州第三國會選區">第三國會選區</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%91%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%A5%A7%E9%87%91%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="傑克·奧金克羅斯">杰克·奥金克罗斯</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E9%81%B8%E5%8D%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="麻薩諸塞州第四國會選區（页面不存在）">第四國會選區</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_4th_congressional_district" class="extiw" title="en:Massachusetts's 4th congressional district">Massachusetts's 4th congressional district</a>））、<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%B1%E7%91%9F%E7%90%B3%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B" title="凱瑟琳·克拉克">凯瑟琳·克拉克</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E9%81%B8%E5%8D%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="麻薩諸塞州第五國會選區（页面不存在）">第五國會選區</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_5th_congressional_district" class="extiw" title="en:Massachusetts's 5th congressional district">Massachusetts's 5th congressional district</a>））、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E6%80%9D%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E5%B0%94%E9%A1%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="塞思·莫尔顿">塞思·莫尔顿</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E9%81%B8%E5%8D%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="麻薩諸塞州第六國會選區（页面不存在）">第六國會選區</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_6th_congressional_district" class="extiw" title="en:Massachusetts's 6th congressional district">Massachusetts's 6th congressional district</a>））、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E9%9B%85%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%88%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿雅娜·普雷斯利（页面不存在）">阿雅娜·普雷斯利</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayanna_Pressley" class="extiw" title="en:Ayanna Pressley">Ayanna Pressley</a>）（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%83%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E9%81%B8%E5%8D%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="麻薩諸塞州第七國會選區（页面不存在）">第七國會選區</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_7th_congressional_district" class="extiw" title="en:Massachusetts's 7th congressional district">Massachusetts's 7th congressional district</a>））、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E8%8A%AC%C2%B7%E6%9E%97%E5%A5%87" title="斯蒂芬·林奇">斯蒂芬·林奇</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AB%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E9%81%B8%E5%8D%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="麻薩諸塞州第八國會選區（页面不存在）">第八國會選區</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_8th_congressional_district" class="extiw" title="en:Massachusetts's 8th congressional district">Massachusetts's 8th congressional district</a>））以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%AD" title="比爾·基亭">比尔·基亭</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E7%AC%AC%E4%B9%9D%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E9%81%B8%E5%8D%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="麻薩諸塞州第九國會選區（页面不存在）">第九國會選區</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_9th_congressional_district" class="extiw" title="en:Massachusetts's 9th congressional district">Massachusetts's 9th congressional district</a>））。<a href="#cite_note-351">[348]</a> 自2012年以来，马萨诸塞州在总统选举中共有11张<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89%E4%BA%BA%E5%9C%98_(%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B)" class="mw-redirect" title="選舉人團 (美國)">选举人票</a>。<a href="#cite_note-352">[349]</a>和其他绝大多数州一样，马萨诸塞州的选举人票亦遵循赢家通吃的原则。<a href="#cite_note-353">[350]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="政治">政治</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&action=edit&section=39" title="编辑章节：政治">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joe_Kennedy_III,_Elizabeth_Warren,_Barney_Frank.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Two older men and an older woman stand in a crowd with signs reading "Joe Kennedy for Congress"." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Joe_Kennedy_III%2C_Elizabeth_Warren%2C_Barney_Frank.jpg/220px-Joe_Kennedy_III%2C_Elizabeth_Warren%2C_Barney_Frank.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Joe_Kennedy_III%2C_Elizabeth_Warren%2C_Barney_Frank.jpg/330px-Joe_Kennedy_III%2C_Elizabeth_Warren%2C_Barney_Frank.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Joe_Kennedy_III%2C_Elizabeth_Warren%2C_Barney_Frank.jpg/440px-Joe_Kennedy_III%2C_Elizabeth_Warren%2C_Barney_Frank.jpg 2x" data-file-width="639" data-file-height="426" /></a><figcaption>2012年波士顿骄傲游行，左起：众议员<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AC%C2%B7%E7%94%98%E8%BF%BA%E8%BF%AA%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" title="喬·甘迺迪三世">乔·肯尼迪三世</a>、参议员<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E8%8E%89%E8%8E%8E%E7%99%BD%C2%B7%E8%8F%AF%E5%80%AB" title="伊莉莎白·華倫">伊莉莎白·華倫</a>和众议员<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B" title="巴尼·弗蘭克">巴尼·弗兰克</a>.</figcaption></figure> 马萨诸塞州过去曾倾向于共和党，但是现今已经成为了民主党占主导的州。这一转变的分水岭普遍被认为是1952年的参议员选举，民主党候选人<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E8%82%AF%E5%B0%BC%E8%BF%AA" title="约翰·肯尼迪">约翰·肯尼迪</a>击败了时任共和党参议员<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%B4%9B%E5%A5%87" title="小亨利·卡伯特·洛奇">小亨利·卡伯特·洛奇</a>。而约翰·肯尼迪的弟弟<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%82%AF%E5%B0%BC%E8%BF%AA" title="泰德·肯尼迪">泰德·肯尼迪</a>从1962年开始就一直担任马萨诸塞州联邦参议员，直到他于2009年因脑癌逝世。<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000310-354">[351]</a>自20世纪20年代以来，马萨诸塞州就因政治自由主义而闻名，该州经常被视为<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="美國現代自由主義">现代自由主义</a>的发源地，因此产生了“马萨诸塞自由主义”这一政治术语。<a href="#cite_note-355">[352]</a> 马萨诸塞州是全美最倾向于民主党的州之一。除了该州中部和南部地区的少数城镇倾向于共和党之外，马萨诸塞州几乎全州都是民主党的票仓。虽然说共和党在近期开始在波士顿的西部和北部郊区开始占主导地位，但是这些地区在特朗普时代均倾向于民主党。自1984年罗纳德·里根总统在马萨诸塞州获胜以后，共和党人就再也没有在总统选举中赢得马萨诸塞州。除此之外，罗纳德·里根在1980年<a href="#cite_note-356">[353]</a>和1984年总统选举中也只是以微弱的优势赢得了马萨诸塞州。<a href="#cite_note-357">[354]</a>马萨诸塞州亦是唯一一个在1972年总统选举中投票给民主党候选人<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E9%BA%A6%E6%88%88%E6%96%87" title="乔治·麦戈文">乔治·麦戈文</a>的州。而在<a href="/wiki/2020%E5%B9%B4%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="2020年美國總統選舉">2020年总统选举</a>中，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%C2%B7%E6%8B%9C%E7%99%BB" title="乔·拜登">乔·拜登</a>在马萨诸塞州的得票率高达65.6%，是近五十年来民主党表现最好的一次。<a href="#cite_note-358">[355]</a> 马萨诸塞州国会代表团成员均为民主党人，目前没有任何共和党人在马萨诸塞州担任联邦一级的议员。自1994年以来，仅有一位共和党人（参议员<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%9C%97" title="斯科特·布朗">斯科特·布朗</a>）于马萨诸塞州担任国会议员。在所有一个党派控制该州所有国会参众两院席位的州中，马萨诸塞州的人口排名第一。<a href="#cite_note-359">[356]</a> 截至2018年选举，民主党在<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A" title="马萨诸塞州议会">马萨诸塞州议会</a>的参众两院均占据绝对优势。在马萨诸塞州众议院的全部160个席位中，民主党占据了127个席位（79%），共和党仅占有32个席位（20%），还有一个无党籍议员。<a href="#cite_note-360">[357]</a>而在马萨诸塞州参议院，民主党占据了全部40个席位中的37个，反观共和党仅有三个。<a href="#cite_note-361">[358]</a>自20世纪50年代以来，民主党在马萨诸塞州议会的参众两院一直都是多数党。<a href="#cite_note-362">[359]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="6">2022年8月各党派登记选民数量<a href="#cite_note-363">[360]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">党派 </th> <th>登记选民数 </th> <th>占比 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #DCDCDC; width: 0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E9%BB%A8%E7%B1%8D" title="無黨籍">无所属</a> </td> <td align="center">2,911,268 </td> <td align="center">60.17% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%9A_(%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD)" title="民主党 (美国)">民主党</a> </td> <td align="center">1,434,356 </td> <td align="center">29.65% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #E81B23; width: 0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E9%BB%A8_(%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B)" title="共和黨 (美國)">共和黨</a> </td> <td align="center">436,379 </td> <td align="center">9.02% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: white; width: 0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%85%9A%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="美国政党列表">其它</a> </td> <td align="center">56,356 </td> <td align="center">1.16% </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">总计 </th> <th align="center">4,838,359 </th> <th align="center">100% </th></tr></tbody></table> 尽管马萨诸塞州是民主党的铁票仓，但该州经常选出共和党籍的州长。自1991年以来，仅<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%B8%95%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B" title="德瓦尔·帕特里克">德瓦尔·帕特里克</a>这一位州长属于民主党。从2002年到2018年的州长选举中，共和党候选人共获得了全部选票的48.4%，而民主党仅获得了45.7%的选票。<a href="#cite_note-Leip,_David-364">[361]</a>不过这些共和党候选人均被视为温和派共和党<a href="#cite_note-365">[362]</a><a href="#cite_note-366">[363]</a>，他们从民主党获得的支持甚至超过了从共和党所获得的支持。<a href="#cite_note-367">[364]</a> 美国有很多全国性的政治议题都受到了马萨诸塞州的影响，例如早在2003年，马萨诸塞州最高法院就<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E5%90%8C%E6%80%A7%E5%A9%9A%E5%A7%BB" title="马萨诸塞州同性婚姻">允许同性婚姻</a>，<a href="#cite_note-368">[365]</a>而2006年的法案更是要求向全州居民提供医疗保险。<a href="#cite_note-369">[366]</a>2008年，马萨诸塞州选民投票通过了一项将持有少量<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%BA%BB" title="大麻">大麻</a>合法化的倡议。<a href="#cite_note-370">[367]</a>马萨诸塞州的选民还在2012通过投票手段将<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E7%94%A8%E5%A4%A7%E9%BA%BB" title="医用大麻">医用大麻</a>合法化。<a href="#cite_note-371">[368]</a>在2016年娱乐大麻经投票获得合法化后，马萨诸塞州政府于2018年6月开始发行相关许可证，并于同年7月1日正式合法。但是在现实中由于缺乏相关测试设施，商品的销售可能会拖数周之久。<a href="#cite_note-372">[369]</a>不过马萨诸塞州虽然以“进步”著称，但是在2020年一项受到很多进步主义者支持的选择排序投票公投却以失败告终。<a href="#cite_note-373">[370]</a> 马萨诸塞州是全美最支持堕胎选择权的州。根据2014年<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E5%B0%A4%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="皮尤研究中心">皮尤研究中心</a>的一项民意调查发现，74%的马萨诸塞州居民在大多数情况下都支持堕胎权，这使马萨诸塞州成为美国最支持堕胎权的州。<a href="#cite_note-374">[371]</a> 2020年，马萨诸塞州议会推翻了查理·贝克州长对ROE法案的否决权。ROE法案是一项有争议的法案，其目的是将堕胎权写入《马萨诸塞州法典》，以应对<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="美国最高法院">最高法院</a>推翻<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E8%AF%89%E9%9F%A6%E5%BE%B7%E6%A1%88" class="mw-redirect" title="罗诉韦德案">罗诉韦德案</a>的后果。该法案还将寻求堕胎者的父母同意年龄从18岁降至16岁，同时在危及母亲生命的情况下允许对怀孕24周以上的胎儿进行堕胎。<a href="#cite_note-375">[372]</a> 根据<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80" title="公共宗教研究所">公共宗教研究所</a>于2023年发布的《美国价值观地图集》显示，绝大部分马萨诸塞州居民都支持同性婚姻。<a href="#cite_note-376">[373]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="市镇及区划">市镇及区划</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&action=edit&section=40" title="编辑章节：市镇及区划">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" title="马萨诸塞州行政区划">马萨诸塞州行政区划</a></div> 马萨诸塞州共有50座城市和301个城镇，并且共分为14个县。<a href="#cite_note-MassCities1-377">[374]</a>这14个县从西向东分别为<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E5%85%8B%E5%A4%8F%E7%B8%A3" title="伯克夏縣">伯克希尔县</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E6%9E%97%E7%B8%A3_(%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="富蘭克林縣 (麻薩諸塞州)">富兰克林县</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%99%AE%E5%A4%8F%E7%B8%A3_(%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="漢普夏縣 (麻薩諸塞州)">汉普希尔县</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E7%99%BB%E7%B8%A3" title="漢登縣">汉普登县</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E7%B8%A3_(%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="烏斯特縣 (麻薩諸塞州)">伍斯特县</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%BE%B7%E7%91%9F%E6%96%AF%E9%83%A1_(%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="密德瑟斯郡 (麻薩諸塞州)">米德尔塞克斯县</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E5%A1%9E%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E7%B8%A3_(%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="艾塞克斯縣 (麻薩諸塞州)">埃塞克斯县</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E7%A6%8F%E5%85%8B%E7%B8%A3_(%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="沙福克縣 (麻薩諸塞州)">萨福克县</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E7%A6%8F%E5%85%8B%E5%8E%BF_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="诺福克县 (马萨诸塞州)">诺福克县</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E7%B8%A3_(%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="布里斯托縣 (麻薩諸塞州)">布里斯托县</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E8%8C%85%E6%96%AF%E7%B8%A3_(%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="普利茅斯縣 (麻薩諸塞州)">普利茅斯县</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94%E5%8E%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="巴恩斯特布尔县">巴恩斯特布尔县</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%8E%BF_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="杜克斯县 (马萨诸塞州)">杜克斯县</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%A0%E5%A1%94%E5%9F%BA%E7%89%B9%E5%8E%BF_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" class="mw-redirect" title="楠塔基特县 (马萨诸塞州)">楠塔基特县</a>。马萨诸塞州有11个自称是“镇”的定居点在法律意义上讲是城市，因为这些“镇”已经将镇民大会改为了<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E9%95%BF-%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A%E5%88%B6%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="市长-议会制政府">市长-议会制政府</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A-%E7%BB%8F%E7%90%86%E5%88%B6%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="议会-经理制政府">议会-经理制政府</a>。<a href="#cite_note-378">[375]</a> 波士顿是马萨诸塞州首府，其人口为692,600，<a href="#cite_note-379">[376]</a>而<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A1%BF" title="大波士顿">大波士顿</a>的总人口数为4,873,019人，是全美第11大<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%88" title="都市圈">都市圈</a>。<a href="#cite_note-380">[377]</a>该州其他人口数超过十万的城市还包括<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8D%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="伍斯特 (马萨诸塞州)">伍斯特</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%99%AE%E6%9E%97%E8%8F%B2%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="斯普林菲尔德 (马萨诸塞州)">斯普林菲尔德</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E5%8E%84%E5%B0%94_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="洛厄尔 (马萨诸塞州)">洛厄尔</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%91%E6%A1%A5_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="剑桥 (马萨诸塞州)">剑桥</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E8%8C%85%E6%96%AF_(%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="普利茅斯 (麻薩諸塞州)">普利茅斯</a>是该州土地面积最大的自治市，其次是<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%BE%B7%E7%88%BE%E4%BC%AF%E5%8B%92_(%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="米德爾伯勒 (麻薩諸塞州)">米德尔伯勒</a>。<a href="#cite_note-MassCities1-377">[374]</a> 马萨诸塞州和<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="新英格兰">新英格兰</a>的其他五个州一样，均存在一种名为<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E9%8E%AE" title="新英格蘭鎮">新英格兰镇</a>的地方政府架构。<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESokolow1997293–6-381">[378]</a>这种行政架构与<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%BF_(%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD)" title="县 (美国)">县</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%AE%E5%8D%80_(%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B)" title="鎮區 (美國)">镇区</a>有所不同，新英格兰镇拥有很高的权责。<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESokolow1997293–6-381">[378]</a>从1997年开始，马萨诸塞州废除了大部分的县政府，其中包括该州人口最多的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%BE%B7%E7%91%9F%E6%96%AF%E9%83%A1_(%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="密德瑟斯郡 (麻薩諸塞州)">米德尔塞克斯县</a>。<a href="#cite_note-382">[379]</a><a href="#cite_note-383">[380]</a><a href="#cite_note-384">[381]</a>对于这些政府被废除的县，其选民只需要选出直属于州政府的警长和契据登记员即可。而其他很多县则被重组，不过有些依然保留着县议会。<a href="#cite_note-385">[382]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84339893">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><div style="float:left; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;">马萨诸塞州最大城市排名 <div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;">来源：<a href="#cite_note-386">[383]</a></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th>排名 </th> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" title="马萨诸塞州行政区划">马萨诸塞州行政区划</a> </th> <th>人口 </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Boston_skyline_from_Longfellow_Bridge_September_2017_panorama_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="波士顿"><img alt="波士顿" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Boston_skyline_from_Longfellow_Bridge_September_2017_panorama_2.jpg/120px-Boston_skyline_from_Longfellow_Bridge_September_2017_panorama_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Boston_skyline_from_Longfellow_Bridge_September_2017_panorama_2.jpg/180px-Boston_skyline_from_Longfellow_Bridge_September_2017_panorama_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Boston_skyline_from_Longfellow_Bridge_September_2017_panorama_2.jpg/240px-Boston_skyline_from_Longfellow_Bridge_September_2017_panorama_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9250" data-file-height="3700" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A1%BF" title="波士顿">波士顿</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Downtown_Worcester_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="伍斯特"><img alt="伍斯特" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Downtown_Worcester_2.jpg/120px-Downtown_Worcester_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Downtown_Worcester_2.jpg/180px-Downtown_Worcester_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Downtown_Worcester_2.jpg/240px-Downtown_Worcester_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3900" data-file-height="1908" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8D%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="伍斯特 (马萨诸塞州)">伍斯特</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A1%BF" title="波士顿">波士顿</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E7%A6%8F%E5%85%8B%E5%8E%BF_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" class="mw-redirect" title="萨福克县 (马萨诸塞州)">萨福克县</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">692,600 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Downtown_Springfield,_MA.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="斯普林菲尔德"><img alt="斯普林菲尔德" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Downtown_Springfield%2C_MA.jpg/120px-Downtown_Springfield%2C_MA.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Downtown_Springfield%2C_MA.jpg/180px-Downtown_Springfield%2C_MA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Downtown_Springfield%2C_MA.jpg/240px-Downtown_Springfield%2C_MA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%99%AE%E6%9E%97%E8%8F%B2%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="斯普林菲尔德 (马萨诸塞州)">斯普林菲尔德</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Cambridge_Skyline.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="剑桥"><img alt="剑桥" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cambridge_Skyline.jpg/120px-Cambridge_Skyline.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cambridge_Skyline.jpg/180px-Cambridge_Skyline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cambridge_Skyline.jpg/240px-Cambridge_Skyline.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="532" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%89%91%E6%A1%A5_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="剑桥 (马萨诸塞州)">剑桥</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8D%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="伍斯特 (马萨诸塞州)">伍斯特</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8D%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%8E%BF_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" class="mw-redirect" title="伍斯特县 (马萨诸塞州)">伍斯特县</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">185,428 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%99%AE%E6%9E%97%E8%8F%B2%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="斯普林菲尔德 (马萨诸塞州)">斯普林菲尔德</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E7%99%BB%E7%B8%A3" title="漢登縣">汉登县</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">155,929 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%91%E6%A1%A5_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="剑桥 (马萨诸塞州)">剑桥</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%94%E5%A1%9E%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%8E%BF_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" class="mw-redirect" title="米德尔塞克斯县 (马萨诸塞州)">米德尔塞克斯县</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">118,927 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E5%8E%84%E5%B0%94_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="洛厄尔 (马萨诸塞州)">洛厄尔</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%94%E5%A1%9E%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%8E%BF_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" class="mw-redirect" title="米德尔塞克斯县 (马萨诸塞州)">米德尔塞克斯县</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">110,997 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E5%85%8B%E9%A1%BF_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="布罗克顿 (马萨诸塞州)">布罗克顿</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E8%8C%85%E6%96%AF%E5%8E%BF_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" class="mw-redirect" title="普利茅斯县 (马萨诸塞州)">普利茅斯县</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">95,708 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%B4%9D%E5%BE%B7%E7%A6%8F%E5%BE%B7_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="新贝德福德 (马萨诸塞州)">新贝德福德</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E7%B8%A3_(%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="布里斯托縣 (麻薩諸塞州)">布里斯托縣</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">95,363 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%86%E8%A5%BF_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="昆西 (马萨诸塞州)">昆西</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E7%A6%8F%E5%85%8B%E5%8E%BF_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="诺福克县 (马萨诸塞州)">诺福克县</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">94,470 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E6%81%A9_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="林恩 (马萨诸塞州)">林恩</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%A1%9E%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%8E%BF_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" class="mw-redirect" title="埃塞克斯县 (马萨诸塞州)">埃塞克斯县</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">94,299 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%B0%94%E9%87%8C%E5%BC%97_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="福尔里弗 (马萨诸塞州)">福尔里弗</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E7%B8%A3_(%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="布里斯托縣 (麻薩諸塞州)">布里斯托縣</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">89,541 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文化娱乐">文化娱乐</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&action=edit&section=41" title="编辑章节：文化娱乐">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Site_of_Thoreau%27s_cabin.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Site_of_Thoreau%27s_cabin.JPG/220px-Site_of_Thoreau%27s_cabin.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Site_of_Thoreau%27s_cabin.JPG/330px-Site_of_Thoreau%27s_cabin.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Site_of_Thoreau%27s_cabin.JPG/440px-Site_of_Thoreau%27s_cabin.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2738" data-file-height="1825" /></a><figcaption>位于<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E7%A7%91%E5%BE%B7_(%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="康科德 (麻薩諸塞州)">康科德</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E7%88%BE%E7%99%BB%E6%B9%96_(%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="瓦爾登湖 (麻薩諸塞州)">瓦爾登湖</a>畔<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E6%88%B4%E7%BB%B4%C2%B7%E6%A2%AD%E7%BD%97" title="亨利·戴维·梭罗">亨利·戴维·梭罗</a>的木屋遗址</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NE_Flag_red.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/NE_Flag_red.jpg/220px-NE_Flag_red.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/NE_Flag_red.jpg/330px-NE_Flag_red.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/NE_Flag_red.jpg/440px-NE_Flag_red.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="476" /></a><figcaption>由于马萨诸塞州为新英格兰人口最多的州，因此该州的新英格兰文化及身份认同较为强烈（图为<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E6%97%97%E5%B9%9F" title="新英格蘭旗幟">新英格兰旗帜</a>）<a href="#cite_note-387">[384]</a></figcaption></figure> 马萨诸塞州对全美文化和艺术的发展可谓贡献巨大。由于能够从<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91" title="美洲原住民">美洲原住民</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%8B%E5%9F%BA" title="洋基">洋基</a>人以及后续移民群体那里获取灵感，马萨诸塞州孕育出了很多作家、艺术家以及音乐家。同时该州还有许多博物馆以及历史遗迹，并且每年都有许多庆祝该州重要历史事件的节日。<a href="#cite_note-388">[385]</a> 马萨诸塞州是<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E9%AA%8C%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="超验主义">超验主义</a>运动的早期中心，强调直觉、情感、人类个性以及与自然的更深层次的联系。<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldfieldAbbottAndersonArgersinger1998254-123">[121]</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E7%88%B1%E9%BB%98%E7%94%9F" title="拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生">拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生</a>出生在波士顿，但他晚年的大部分时间都在<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E7%A7%91%E5%BE%B7_(%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="康科德 (麻薩諸塞州)">康科德</a>度过。爱默生于1836年发表了的品文《论自然》在很大程度上创立了超验主义哲学，使其余生成为了超验主义运动的核心人物。爱默生的朋友<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E6%88%B4%E7%BB%B4%C2%B7%E6%A2%AD%E7%BD%97" title="亨利·戴维·梭罗">亨利·戴维·梭罗</a>亦参与了超验主义运动，他在1854年出版的作品《<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E7%88%BE%E7%99%BB%E6%B9%96_(%E6%95%A3%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86)" title="瓦爾登湖 (散文集)">瓦尔登湖</a>》中记录了他在<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E7%88%BE%E7%99%BB%E6%B9%96_(%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="瓦爾登湖 (麻薩諸塞州)">瓦尔登湖</a>湖畔一座小木屋中独自生活的一年。<a href="#cite_note-389">[386]</a> 其他出生在马萨诸塞州或与之关系密切的作家或诗人还包括安妮·布拉德斯特里特、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E6%92%92%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E6%A1%91" title="纳撒尼尔·霍桑">纳撒尼尔·霍桑</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E8%8E%8E%C2%B7%E6%A2%85%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E7%A7%91%E7%89%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="路易莎·梅·奥尔科特">路易莎·梅·奥尔科特</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="罗伯特·弗罗斯特">罗伯特·弗罗斯特</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E8%9C%9C%E8%8E%89%C2%B7%E7%8B%84%E9%87%91%E6%A3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="艾蜜莉·狄金森">艾蜜莉·狄金森</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E8%8F%AF%E8%8C%B2%E8%8F%AF%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%9C%97%E8%B2%BB%E7%BE%85" title="亨利·華茲華斯·朗費羅">亨利·华兹华斯·朗费罗</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E8%BF%AA%E4%B8%9D%C2%B7%E5%8D%8E%E9%A1%BF" title="伊迪丝·华顿">伊迪丝·华顿</a>、<a href="/wiki/E%C2%B7E%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E6%98%8E%E6%96%AF" title="E·E·卡明斯">E·E·卡明斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E6%A2%85%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94" title="赫尔曼·梅尔维尔">赫尔曼·梅尔维尔</a>、<a href="/wiki/W%C2%B7E%C2%B7B%C2%B7%E6%9D%9C%E6%B3%A2%E4%BE%9D%E6%96%AF" title="W·E·B·杜波依斯">W·E·B·杜波依斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%96%87%E4%BA%9E%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF" title="希薇亞·普拉斯">希薇亚·普拉斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E4%B8%BD%E8%8E%8E%E7%99%BD%C2%B7%E6%AF%95%E6%99%93%E6%99%AE" title="伊丽莎白·毕晓普">伊丽莎白·毕晓普</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%8E%84%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%A3%E5%85%8B" title="約翰·厄普代克">约翰·厄普代克</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%A6%AE%C2%B7%E5%A1%9E%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E9%A1%BF" title="安妮·塞克斯顿">安妮·塞克斯顿</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E5%8D%8E%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%8F%B2%E5%88%A9%E6%99%AE%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%B4%9B%E5%A4%AB%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E7%89%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="霍华德·菲利普斯·洛夫克拉夫特">霍华德·菲利普斯·洛夫克拉夫特</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E4%BC%A6%C2%B7%E5%9D%A1" title="爱伦·坡">爱伦·坡</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E4%BC%A6%C2%B7%E4%BA%A8%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%9D%B0%E5%85%8B%E9%80%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海伦·亨特·杰克逊（页面不存在）">海伦·亨特·杰克逊</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Hunt_Jackson" class="extiw" title="en:Helen Hunt Jackson">Helen Hunt Jackson</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%AA%E4%BC%AF%E4%BC%A6%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E5%88%A9%E5%8B%92%C2%B7%E7%BA%AA%E4%BC%AF%E4%BC%A6" title="纪伯伦·哈利勒·纪伯伦">纪伯伦·哈利勒·纪伯伦</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E4%B8%BD%C2%B7%E5%B8%8C%E9%87%91%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="玛丽·希金斯·克拉克">玛丽·希金斯·克拉克</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E7%B1%B3%E8%8E%89%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E7%89%B9%E6%B2%83%E7%89%B9-%E7%BD%97%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿米莉亚·阿特沃特-罗德斯（页面不存在）">阿米莉亚·阿特沃特-罗德斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amelia_Atwater-Rhodes" class="extiw" title="en:Amelia Atwater-Rhodes">Amelia Atwater-Rhodes</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%91%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%87%B1%E9%AD%AF%E4%BA%9E%E5%85%8B" title="傑克·凱魯亞克">杰克·凯鲁亚克</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%9A%E5%A3%AB" title="蘇斯博士">苏斯博士</a>。<a href="#cite_note-390">[387]</a><a href="#cite_note-391">[388]</a><a href="#cite_note-MassMisc-392">[389]</a>而马萨诸塞州的著名画家则包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E9%BB%98" title="温斯洛·霍默">温斯洛·霍默</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E6%B4%9B%E5%85%8B%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="诺曼·洛克威尔">诺曼·洛克威尔</a>，<a href="#cite_note-MassMisc-392">[389]</a>其中洛克威尔的很多作品都在位于斯托克布里奇的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E6%B4%9B%E5%85%8B%E5%A8%81%E7%88%BE%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8" title="諾曼·洛克威爾博物館">諾曼·洛克威爾博物館</a>中展出。<a href="#cite_note-393">[390]</a> 马萨诸塞州也是全美重要的表演艺术中心，其中波士顿交响乐团和波士顿流行乐团都位于马萨诸塞州。<a href="#cite_note-BostonArts1-394">[391]</a>马萨诸塞州的其他管弦乐团还包括巴恩斯特布尔的科德角交响乐团、新贝德福德交响乐团<a href="#cite_note-395">[392]</a>和斯普林菲尔德交响乐团。<a href="#cite_note-396">[393]</a><a href="#cite_note-397">[394]</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%A6%E6%A0%BC%E6%B4%BB%E5%BE%B7" title="坦格活德">坦格活德</a>位于马萨诸塞州西部，是坦格活德音乐节和坦格活德爵士音乐节的举办地，也是波士顿交响乐团的夏季举办场地。<a href="#cite_note-398">[395]</a> 马萨诸塞州的其他表演艺术和戏剧组织包括波士顿芭蕾舞团、波士顿抒情歌剧院<a href="#cite_note-BostonArts1-394">[391]</a>和总部位于莱诺克斯的莎士比亚公司。除了<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90" title="古典音乐">古典音乐</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E9%97%B4%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90" class="mw-redirect" title="民间音乐">民间音乐</a>之外，马萨诸塞州还培养了跨越多种当代流派的音乐家和乐队，例如经典<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%87%E6%BB%9A%E4%B9%90%E9%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="摇滚乐队">摇滚乐队</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E4%B8%AD%E9%93%81%E5%8C%A0" title="空中铁匠">空中铁匠</a>、原始朋克乐队现代恋人、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%B5%AA%E6%BD%AE%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82" title="新浪潮音樂">新浪潮乐队</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%BD%E8%BB%8A%E5%90%88%E5%94%B1%E5%9C%98" title="汽車合唱團">汽车合唱团</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A6%E7%B1%BB%E6%91%87%E6%BB%9A" title="另类摇滚">另类摇滚</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%A6%96%E7%B2%BE%E4%B9%90%E9%98%9F" title="小妖精乐队">小妖精乐队</a>。<a href="#cite_note-399">[396]</a>该州也是摇滚乐队Staind、Godsmack和Highly Suspect的发源地，这些乐队分别诞生于马萨诸塞州的斯普林菲尔德、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%B3%E4%BC%A6%E6%96%AF_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="劳伦斯 (马萨诸塞州)">劳伦斯</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%B3%95%E9%B1%BC%E8%A7%92" class="mw-redirect" title="鳕鱼角">鳕鱼角</a>。<a href="#cite_note-400">[397]</a><a href="#cite_note-401">[398]</a><a href="#cite_note-402">[399]</a>该州举办的电影活动包括波士顿电影节、波士顿国际电影节以及马萨诸塞州各个城市自己举办的一些小型电影节。<a href="#cite_note-403">[400]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USS_Constitution_salutes_Bataan_2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/USS_Constitution_salutes_Bataan_2005.jpg/220px-USS_Constitution_salutes_Bataan_2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/USS_Constitution_salutes_Bataan_2005.jpg/330px-USS_Constitution_salutes_Bataan_2005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/USS_Constitution_salutes_Bataan_2005.jpg/440px-USS_Constitution_salutes_Bataan_2005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E5%8F%B7%E6%8A%A4%E5%8D%AB%E8%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="宪法号护卫舰">宪法号护卫舰</a>在每年7月4日都要举办巡航活动</figcaption></figure> 马萨诸塞州有很多历史遗迹和博物馆。其中<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A0%93%E7%BE%8E%E8%A1%93%E9%A4%A8" title="波士頓美術館">波士顿美术馆</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A1%BF%E5%BD%93%E4%BB%A3%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波士顿当代艺术学院（页面不存在）">波士顿当代艺术学院</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_of_Contemporary_Art,_Boston" class="extiw" title="en:Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston">Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston</a>）以及<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E7%A7%91%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A%E7%93%A6%E9%9B%95%E5%A1%91%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%AD%E6%9A%A8%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="德科尔多瓦雕塑公园暨博物馆（页面不存在）">德科尔多瓦雕塑公园暨博物馆</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeCordova_Sculpture_Park_and_Museum" class="extiw" title="en:DeCordova Sculpture Park and Museum">DeCordova Sculpture Park and Museum</a>）均位于马萨诸塞州，<a href="#cite_note-404">[401]</a>此外位于<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%A0%E5%A1%94%E5%9F%BA%E7%89%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="楠塔基特">楠塔基特</a>的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%9B%E4%B8%BD%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%88%87%E5%B0%94%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="玛丽亚·米切尔协会（页面不存在）">玛丽亚·米切尔协会</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Mitchell_Association" class="extiw" title="en:Maria Mitchell Association">Maria Mitchell Association</a>）亦下辖数个天文台、博物馆和水族馆。<a href="#cite_note-405">[402]</a>历史遗迹和相关题材的博物馆包括位于<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%99%AE%E6%9E%97%E8%8F%B2%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="斯普林菲尔德 (马萨诸塞州)">斯普林菲尔德</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E7%94%B0%E5%85%B5%E5%B7%A5%E5%BB%A0" title="春田兵工廠">兵工厂</a><a href="#cite_note-NPS1-150">[148]</a>、波士顿<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF" title="自由之路">自由之路</a>以及邻近的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B5%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="民兵国家历史公园（页面不存在）">民兵国家历史公园</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minute_Man_National_Historical_Park" class="extiw" title="en:Minute Man National Historical Park">Minute Man National Historical Park</a>），这些地方均保存了诸多<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="美国革命">美国革命</a>时期的历史遗迹，<a href="#cite_note-NPS1-150">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-406">[403]</a>洛厄尔国家历史公园则着重介绍了工业革命时期美国早期的运河及磨坊的发展<a href="#cite_note-NPS1-150">[148]</a>、波士顿的黑人遗产小径囊括了波士顿重要的非裔美国人和废奴主义者遗址<a href="#cite_note-407">[404]</a>、而新贝德福德捕鲸国家历史公园则展示了马萨诸塞州各个时期的历史。<a href="#cite_note-NPS1-150">[148]</a> 普利茅斯种植园和老斯特布里奇村是马萨诸塞州的两个<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%B2%E5%A4%A9%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86" title="露天博物馆">露天博物馆</a>，分别再现了17世纪和19世纪初期马萨诸塞居民的生活状态。<a href="#cite_note-408">[405]</a><a href="#cite_note-409">[406]</a> 波士顿一年一度的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%B8%95%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%E8%8A%82" title="圣帕特里克节">圣帕特里克节</a>游行、海港节、为期一周的7月4日庆祝活动、烟花汇演、波士顿流行乐队的音乐会，以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95%E8%99%9F%E8%AD%B7%E8%A1%9B%E8%89%A6_(IX_21)" class="mw-redirect" title="憲法號護衛艦 (IX 21)">宪法号</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A0%93%E6%B8%AF" title="波士頓港">波士顿港</a>的周转巡游，都是该州很受欢迎的活动。<a href="#cite_note-410">[407]</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E5%A4%8F%E5%AD%A3%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E8%BD%A6%E5%B1%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新英格兰夏季国民车展（页面不存在）">新英格兰夏季国民车展</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_England_Summer_Nationals" class="extiw" title="en:New England Summer Nationals">New England Summer Nationals</a>）是位于伍斯特举办的一场<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%BD%E8%BB%8A%E5%B1%95%E8%A6%BD" title="汽車展覽">车展</a>，每年都会吸引数以万计的观众。<a href="#cite_note-411">[408]</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A1%BF%E9%A9%AC%E6%8B%89%E6%9D%BE" title="波士顿马拉松">波士顿马拉松</a>也是该州的一项热门赛事，每年吸引超过30,000名跑步者和数万名观众参加。<a href="#cite_note-412">[409]</a> 马萨诸塞州的长途远足步道包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%95%E6%8B%89%E5%A5%91%E5%B0%8F%E5%BE%91" title="阿帕拉契小徑">阿帕拉契小徑</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E9%A3%8E%E6%99%AF%E5%B0%8F%E5%BE%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新英格兰国家风景小径（页面不存在）">新英格兰国家风景小径</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_England_National_Scenic_Trail" class="extiw" title="en:New England National Scenic Trail">New England National Scenic Trail</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%85%E5%BD%97%E6%98%9F-%E8%8E%AB%E7%BA%B3%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%BA%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%8F%E5%BE%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="超彗星-莫纳德诺克小径（页面不存在）">超彗星-莫纳德诺克小径</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metacomet-Monadnock_Trail" class="extiw" title="en:Metacomet-Monadnock Trail">Metacomet-Monadnock Trail</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%B7%9E%E5%B0%8F%E5%BE%84_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中州小径 (马萨诸塞州)（页面不存在）">中州小径</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midstate_Trail_(Massachusetts)" class="extiw" title="en:Midstate Trail (Massachusetts)">Midstate Trail (Massachusetts)</a>）和海湾巡回步道。<a href="#cite_note-413">[410]</a>该州的其他户外休闲活动还包括帆船和游艇驾驶、河流或深海捕鱼<a href="#cite_note-414">[411]</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%8F%E9%B2%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="赏鲸">赏鲸</a><a href="#cite_note-415">[412]</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%B1%B1%E6%BB%91%E9%9B%AA" title="高山滑雪">高山</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E9%87%8E%E6%BB%91%E9%9B%AA" title="越野滑雪">越野滑雪</a><a href="#cite_note-416">[413]</a>以及狩猎。<a href="#cite_note-417">[414]</a> 马萨诸塞州是美国<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92" class="mw-redirect" title="天主教徒">天主教徒</a>占比最高的州之一，有很多相关宗教场所，例如位于斯托克布里奇的国家慈悲神殿。<a href="#cite_note-418">[415]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="媒体">媒体</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&action=edit&section=42" title="编辑章节：媒体">编辑</a>]</div> 马萨诸塞州有两大主要的电视媒体市场，其中波士顿/曼彻斯特媒体市场是全美第五大媒体市场。<a href="#cite_note-419">[416]</a>另一大媒体市场则是围绕着斯普林菲尔德地区的媒体市场。<a href="#cite_note-420">[417]</a>波士顿的<a href="/w/index.php?title=WGBH-TV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WGBH-TV（页面不存在）">WGBH-TV</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WGBH-TV" class="extiw" title="en:WGBH-TV">WGBH-TV</a>）是一家主要的公共电视台，其作品包括《<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_(%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86%E8%8A%82%E7%9B%AE)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nova (美国电视节目)（页面不存在）">Nova</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_(American_TV_program)" class="extiw" title="en:Nova (American TV program)">Nova (American TV program)</a>）》、《<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E7%BA%BF_(%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86%E8%8A%82%E7%9B%AE)" title="前线 (美国电视节目)">前线</a>》和《美国经验》等全国性节目。<a href="#cite_note-421">[418]</a><a href="#cite_note-422">[419]</a> 《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A0%93%E7%92%B0%E7%90%83%E5%A0%B1" title="波士頓環球報">波士顿环球报</a>》、《波士顿先驱报》、《斯普林菲尔德共和党人报》和《伍斯特电报与公报》皆为马萨诸塞州最大的日报之一。<a href="#cite_note-423">[420]</a> 此外，马萨诸塞州还有很多社区小报和周刊。<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E8%81%94%E7%A4%BE" title="美联社">美联社</a>在波士顿设有一个分社，而州议会新闻服务处则将州政府的报道提供给马萨诸塞州的其他媒体机构。此外还有有多个<a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%83%E5%B9%85%E5%B9%BF%E6%92%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="调幅广播">AM</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%83%E9%A2%91%E5%B9%BF%E6%92%AD" title="调频广播">FM广播</a>电台为马萨诸塞州服务，<a href="#cite_note-424">[421]</a>并且该州还有多个区域性的社区电台。该州的一些高等院校亦拥有自己的校园电视台和广播电台，同时也会发行自己的报纸。<a href="#cite_note-425">[422]</a><a href="#cite_note-426">[423]</a><a href="#cite_note-427">[424]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="健康">健康</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&action=edit&section=43" title="编辑章节：健康">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/2019%E5%86%A0%E7%8B%80%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E7%97%85%E9%A6%AC%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85" class="mw-redirect" title="2019冠狀病毒病馬薩諸塞州疫情">2019冠状病毒病马萨诸塞州疫情</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Healthcare_Costs_in_Massachusetts_-_Averaged_by_Medicare_Reimbursements_per_Enrollee.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Healthcare_Costs_in_Massachusetts_-_Averaged_by_Medicare_Reimbursements_per_Enrollee.png/220px-Healthcare_Costs_in_Massachusetts_-_Averaged_by_Medicare_Reimbursements_per_Enrollee.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Healthcare_Costs_in_Massachusetts_-_Averaged_by_Medicare_Reimbursements_per_Enrollee.png/330px-Healthcare_Costs_in_Massachusetts_-_Averaged_by_Medicare_Reimbursements_per_Enrollee.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Healthcare_Costs_in_Massachusetts_-_Averaged_by_Medicare_Reimbursements_per_Enrollee.png/440px-Healthcare_Costs_in_Massachusetts_-_Averaged_by_Medicare_Reimbursements_per_Enrollee.png 2x" data-file-width="1120" data-file-height="882" /></a><figcaption>地图显示了马萨诸塞州各县每个参保者的平均医疗保险报销额。<a href="#cite_note-428">[425]</a></figcaption></figure> 在大多数健康和疾病预防的议题中，马萨诸塞州的数据在全美各州中名列前茅。2015年，<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7%E4%BF%9D%E9%9A%AA" title="聯合健康保險">联合健康保险</a>将该州列为全美第三健康的州。<a href="#cite_note-429">[426]</a>在全美所有50个州中，马萨诸塞州的人均医生数全美最多（每十万位居民中有435.38名医生）<a href="#cite_note-430">[427]</a><a href="#cite_note-431">[428]</a>，婴儿死亡率全美第二低（3.8%）<a href="#cite_note-432">[429]</a><a href="#cite_note-433">[430]</a>，未参保居民占比最低（包括儿童）。<a href="#cite_note-434">[431]</a><a href="#cite_note-435">[432]</a><a href="#cite_note-436">[433]</a>据《<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E4%B8%9A%E5%86%85%E5%B9%95" title="商业内幕">商业内幕</a>》报道，马萨诸塞州居民的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%9D%87%E9%A2%84%E6%9C%9F%E5%AF%BF%E5%91%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="平均预期寿命">平均预期寿命</a>为80.41岁，在全国排名第五。<a href="#cite_note-437">[434]</a><a href="#cite_note-438">[435]</a>马萨诸塞州有36.1%的居民超重，并且有24.4%的居民肥胖，<a href="#cite_note-CDC1-439">[436]</a>而既不超重也不肥胖的居民占比（39.5%）位列全国第六。<a href="#cite_note-CDC1-439">[436]</a>不过马萨诸塞州的<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%97%E9%85%92" title="酗酒">酗酒率</a>高于全美平均水平，在全国排名第20位。<a href="#cite_note-440">[437]</a><a href="#cite_note-441">[438]</a> 根据联邦政府的命令，美国第一家海员医院于1799年成立于波士顿。<a href="#cite_note-442">[439]</a><a href="#cite_note-443">[440]</a>目前该州共有143家医院。<a href="#cite_note-444">[441]</a>根据《<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E4%B8%8E%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%8A%A5%E9%81%93" title="美国新闻与世界报道">美国新闻与世界报道</a>》2015年的排名，麻省总医院在两个医疗保健专业中排名前三。<a href="#cite_note-445">[442]</a>麻省总医院成立于1811年，是附近<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="哈佛大学">哈佛大学</a>最大的教学医院。<a href="#cite_note-446">[443]</a> 马萨诸塞州是美国的医学教育和研究中心，该州拥有<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E8%8E%B1%E6%A0%B9%E5%A6%87%E5%A5%B3%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2" title="布莱根妇女医院">布莱根妇女医院</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E6%96%AF%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%A5%B3%E6%89%A7%E4%BA%8B%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="贝斯以色列女执事医疗中心">贝斯以色列女执事医疗中心</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%BE%E7%BA%B3%E6%B3%95%E4%BC%AF%E7%99%8C%E7%97%87%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="达纳法伯癌症研究所（页面不存在）">达纳法伯癌症研究所</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dana%E2%80%93Farber_Cancer_Institute" class="extiw" title="en:Dana–Farber Cancer Institute">Dana–Farber Cancer Institute</a>）<a href="#cite_note-447">[444]</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E6%B5%B8%E4%BF%A1%E4%BC%9A%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新英格兰浸信会医院（页面不存在）">新英格兰浸信会医院</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_England_Baptist_Hospital" class="extiw" title="en:New England Baptist Hospital">New England Baptist Hospital</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%94%E5%A4%AB%E8%8C%A8%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="塔夫茨医疗中心（页面不存在）">塔夫茨医疗中心</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tufts_Medical_Center" class="extiw" title="en:Tufts Medical Center">Tufts Medical Center</a>）以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A0%93%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="波士頓大學">波士顿大学</a>的主要教学医院——<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A1%BF%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波士顿医疗中心（页面不存在）">波士顿医疗中心</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Medical_Center" class="extiw" title="en:Boston Medical Center">Boston Medical Center</a>）。<a href="#cite_note-448">[445]</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%88%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞大学陈医学院（页面不存在）">马萨诸塞大学陈医学院</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Massachusetts_Chan_Medical_School" class="extiw" title="en:University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School">University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School</a>）位于伍斯特。<a href="#cite_note-449">[446]</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E7%9C%81%E8%8D%AF%E7%A7%91%E4%B8%8E%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="麻省药科与健康科学大学">麻省药科与健康科学大学</a>有三个校区，其中两个分别位于波士顿和伍斯特。<a href="#cite_note-450">[447]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="体育运动">体育运动</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&action=edit&section=44" title="编辑章节：体育运动">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gillette_Stadium_Foxboro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Gillette_Stadium_Foxboro.jpg/280px-Gillette_Stadium_Foxboro.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Gillette_Stadium_Foxboro.jpg/420px-Gillette_Stadium_Foxboro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Gillette_Stadium_Foxboro.jpg/560px-Gillette_Stadium_Foxboro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1" title="福克斯堡">福克斯堡</a>的吉列体育场是<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E7%88%B1%E5%9B%BD%E8%80%85%E9%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="新英格兰爱国者队">新英格兰爱国者队</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="新英格蘭革命">新英格兰革命队</a>的主场</figcaption></figure> 马萨诸塞州拥有五支大联盟职业运动队，它们分别是得过十七次<a href="/wiki/NBA%E6%80%BB%E5%86%B3%E8%B5%9B" title="NBA总决赛">NBA冠军</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A1%BF%E5%87%AF%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%E4%BA%BA" title="波士顿凯尔特人">波士顿凯尔特人队</a><a href="#cite_note-451">[448]</a>、在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="世界大賽">世界大赛</a>赢过九次的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A0%93%E7%B4%85%E8%A5%AA" title="波士頓紅襪">波士顿红袜队</a><a href="#cite_note-452">[449]</a>、赢过6次<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%88%A9%E6%9D%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="斯坦利杯">斯坦利杯</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A0%93%E6%A3%95%E7%86%8A" title="波士頓棕熊">波士顿棕熊队</a><a href="#cite_note-453">[450]</a>、赢过六次<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E7%BA%A7%E7%A2%97" title="超级碗">超级碗</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E7%88%B1%E5%9B%BD%E8%80%85%E9%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="新英格兰爱国者队">新英格兰爱国者队</a><a href="#cite_note-454">[451]</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E8%81%8C%E4%B8%9A%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83%E5%A4%A7%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="美国职业足球大联盟">美国职业足球大联盟</a>成员<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="新英格蘭革命">新英格兰革命队</a>。<a href="#cite_note-455">[452]</a> 在19世纪末期，篮球<a href="#cite_note-basketball-60">[58]</a>和排球<a href="#cite_note-volleyball-61">[59]</a>这两大<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="奥林匹克">奥林匹克</a>球类运动分别诞生在马萨诸塞州西部的斯普林菲尔德<a href="#cite_note-basketball-60">[58]</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%A5%E5%85%8B_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="霍利奥克 (马萨诸塞州)">霍利奥克</a><a href="#cite_note-volleyball-61">[59]</a>，因此<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%88%E5%8F%B2%E5%AF%86%E6%96%AF%E7%AF%AE%E7%90%83%E5%90%8D%E4%BA%BA%E7%BA%AA%E5%BF%B5%E5%A0%82" title="奈史密斯篮球名人纪念堂">奈史密斯篮球名人纪念堂</a>和排球名人堂分别位于这两座城市。<a href="#cite_note-volleyball-61">[59]</a>而<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%B0%E7%90%83%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="美国冰球联盟">美国冰球联盟</a>是<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%B0%E7%90%83%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="全国冰球联盟">全国冰球联盟</a>的发展联盟，其总部亦位于斯普林菲尔德。<a href="#cite_note-456">[453]</a> 马萨诸塞州的几所大学以其大学体育运动而闻名。该州拥有两个属于<a href="/wiki/NCAA%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E7%BA%A7%E5%88%AB%E7%BE%8E%E5%BC%8F%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83%E7%A2%97%E8%B5%9B%E5%88%86%E5%8C%BA" title="NCAA第一级别美式足球碗赛分区">FBS第一分区</a>的团队，即隶属于<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E6%B2%BF%E5%B2%B8%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="大西洋沿岸联盟">大西洋沿岸联盟</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A1%BF%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="波士顿学院">波士顿学院队</a>和独立的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E9%98%BF%E9%BB%98%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%88%86%E6%A0%A1" title="马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校">马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校队</a>。<a href="/w/index.php?title=NCAA%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E7%BA%A7%E5%88%AB%E7%BE%8E%E5%BC%8F%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83%E9%94%A6%E6%A0%87%E8%B5%9B%E5%88%86%E5%8C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NCAA第一级别美式足球锦标赛分区（页面不存在）">FCS第一分区</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Football_Championship_Subdivision" class="extiw" title="en:NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision">NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision</a>）的学校包括隶属于<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E6%98%A5%E8%97%A4%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="常春藤联盟">常春藤联盟</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="哈佛大学">哈佛大学</a>和隶属于<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%9B%BD%E8%80%85%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="爱国者联盟">爱国者联盟</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2" title="聖十字學院">圣十字学院</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A0%93%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="波士頓大學">波士顿大学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6_(%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD)" title="东北大学 (美国)">东北大学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E6%B4%9B%E5%8E%84%E5%B0%94%E5%88%86%E6%A0%A1" title="马萨诸塞大学洛厄尔分校">马萨诸塞大学洛厄尔分校</a>和梅里马克学院也参加了此分区的竞赛。<a href="#cite_note-457">[454]</a><a href="#cite_note-458">[455]</a>而马萨诸塞州其他高等院校的团队则属于更低的分区，包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E7%9C%81%E7%90%86%E5%B7%A5%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="麻省理工学院">麻省理工学院</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%A4%AB%E8%8C%A8%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="塔夫茨大学">塔夫茨大学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%BB%98%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="阿默斯特学院">阿默斯特学院</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="威廉姆斯学院">威廉姆斯学院</a>以及隶属于其他分区的其他团队。<a href="#cite_note-459">[456]</a> 马萨诸塞州也是重要的赛艇赛事举办地，例如奎西加蒙德湖东部冲刺赛和查尔斯帆船赛。<a href="#cite_note-460">[457]</a>马萨诸塞州亦举办了多项重大高尔夫赛事，包括九场<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E9%AB%98%E7%88%BE%E5%A4%AB%E5%85%AC%E9%96%8B%E8%B3%BD" title="美國高爾夫公開賽">美国高尔夫公开赛</a>和两场<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E5%BE%B7%E6%9D%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="莱德杯">莱德杯</a>。<a href="#cite_note-461">[458]</a><a href="#cite_note-462">[459]</a>马萨诸塞州还是<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E5%BE%B7%E8%A7%92%E6%A3%92%E7%90%83%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="科德角棒球联盟（页面不存在）">科德角棒球联盟</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Cod_Baseball_League" class="extiw" title="en:Cape Cod Baseball League">Cape Cod Baseball League</a>）和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%BF%E6%9B%B2%E6%A3%8D%E7%90%83%E8%B6%85%E7%BA%A7%E8%81%94%E8%B5%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="长曲棍球超级联赛（页面不存在）">长曲棍球超级联赛</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier_Lacrosse_League" class="extiw" title="en:Premier Lacrosse League">Premier Lacrosse League</a>）球队<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E7%82%AE%E6%9B%B2%E6%A3%8D%E7%90%83%E4%BF%B1%E4%B9%90%E9%83%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大炮曲棍球俱乐部（页面不存在）">大炮曲棍球俱乐部</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannons_Lacrosse_Club" class="extiw" title="en:Cannons Lacrosse Club">Cannons Lacrosse Club</a>）的主场。<a href="#cite_note-463">[460]</a> 马萨诸塞州培养了多位成功的奥运选手，其中包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%BC%AF%E5%85%8B" title="托马斯·伯克">托马斯·伯克</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%BA%B7%E8%AF%BA%E5%88%A9_(%E7%94%B0%E5%BE%84%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%91%98)" title="詹姆斯·康诺利 (田径运动员)">詹姆斯·康诺利</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF" title="约翰·托马斯">约翰·托马斯</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B0%E5%BE%84" title="田径">田径</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%83%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%E9%80%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="布奇·约翰逊（页面不存在）">布奇·约翰逊</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butch_Johnson" class="extiw" title="en:Butch Johnson">Butch Johnson</a>）（<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%84%E7%AE%AD" title="射箭">射箭</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E8%8C%9C%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E6%A0%B9" title="南茜·克里根">南茜·克里根</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E6%A0%B7%E6%BB%91%E5%86%B0" title="花样滑冰">花样滑冰</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%98%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E5%85%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="托德·理查兹（页面不存在）">托德·理查兹</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Todd_Richards_(snowboarder)" class="extiw" title="en:Todd Richards (snowboarder)">Todd Richards (snowboarder)</a>）（单板滑雪）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E6%AF%94%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E8%A5%BF%E6%B3%A2%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿尔比娜·奥西波维奇（页面不存在）">阿尔比娜·奥西波维奇</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albina_Osipowich" class="extiw" title="en:Albina Osipowich">Albina Osipowich</a>）（游泳）、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%B7%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E8%8E%B1%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC" title="亚历山德拉·莱斯曼">亚历山德拉·莱斯曼</a>（体操）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%B0%A4%E5%9B%A0" title="帕特里克·尤因">帕特里克·尤因</a>（篮球）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E9%9B%B7%E6%A0%BC" title="吉姆·克雷格">吉姆·克雷格</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%88%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E9%B2%81%E9%BD%90%E7%BF%81" title="迈克·埃鲁齐翁">迈克·埃鲁齐翁</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E5%88%A9%E9%87%8C" title="比尔·克利里">比尔·克利里</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E6%80%9D%C2%B7%E7%89%B9%E5%8D%A1%E4%B8%98%E5%85%8B" title="基思·特卡丘克">基思·特卡丘克</a>（冰球）。<a href="#cite_note-464">[461]</a><a href="#cite_note-465">[462]</a> 2022年，波士顿成为<a href="/wiki/2026%E5%B9%B4%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%B6%B3%E5%8D%94%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%9B%83" title="2026年國際足協世界盃">2026年国际足联世界杯</a>承办城市之一。<a href="#cite_note-466">[463]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注释">注释</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&action=edit&section=45" title="编辑章节：注释">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="notelist" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> 高程调整为1988年北美垂直基准。 </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> 除马萨诸塞州外，<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%AF%E5%A1%94%E5%9F%BA%E5%B7%9E" title="肯塔基州">肯塔基州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%90%89%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="维吉尼亚州">维吉尼亚州</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%BE%E5%A4%95%E6%B3%95%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%B7%9E" title="宾夕法尼亚州">宾夕法尼亚州</a>也可以称为「邦」。 </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> 包括混血 </li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献">参考文献</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&action=edit&section=46" title="编辑章节：参考文献">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Herman, Jennifer. Massachusetts Encyclopedia. State History Publications, LLC. 2008: 7. <q>Various nicknames have been given to describe Massachusetts, including the Bay State, the Old Bay State, the Pilgrim State, the Puritan State, the Old Colony State and, less often, the Baked Bean State</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.aulast=Herman&rft.btitle=Massachusetts+Encyclopedia&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=State+History+Publications%2C+LLC.&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150821061951/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/25000.html">Massachusetts</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. 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[2015-04-18]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210220151419/https://statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-flower/mayflower">存档</a>于2021-02-20）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.btitle=Mayflower%3A+Massachusetts+State+Flower&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=StateSymbolsUSA.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statesymbolsusa.org%2Fsymbol-official-item%2Fmassachusetts%2Fstate-flower%2Fmayflower&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-insect/ladybug">Ladybug: Massachusetts State Insect</a>. StateSymbolsUSA.org. [2015-04-18]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150419014813/http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-insect/ladybug">存档</a>于2015-04-19）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.btitle=Ladybug%3A+Massachusetts+State+Insect&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=StateSymbolsUSA.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statesymbolsusa.org%2Fsymbol-official-item%2Fmassachusetts%2Fstate-insect%2Fladybug&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-fish-aquatic-life-state-mammal/right-whale">Right Whale: Massachusetts State Marine Mammal</a>. StateSymbolsUSA.org. [2015-04-18]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150419035802/http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-fish-aquatic-life-state-mammal/right-whale">存档</a>于2015-04-19）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.btitle=Right+Whale%3A+Massachusetts+State+Marine+Mammal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=StateSymbolsUSA.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statesymbolsusa.org%2Fsymbol-official-item%2Fmassachusetts%2Fstate-fish-aquatic-life-state-mammal%2Fright-whale&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-horse-state-mammal/morgan-horse">Morgan Horse: Massachusetts State Horse</a>. StateSymbolsUSA.org. [2015-04-18]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150419032732/http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-horse-state-mammal/morgan-horse">存档</a>于2015-04-19）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.btitle=Morgan+Horse%3A+Massachusetts+State+Horse&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=StateSymbolsUSA.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statesymbolsusa.org%2Fsymbol-official-item%2Fmassachusetts%2Fstate-horse-state-mammal%2Fmorgan-horse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-dog-cat-state-mammal/tabby-cat">Tabby Cat: Massachusetts State Cat</a>. StateSymbolsUSA.org. [2015-04-18]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150419020406/http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-dog-cat-state-mammal/tabby-cat">存档</a>于2015-04-19）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.btitle=Tabby+Cat%3A+Massachusetts+State+Cat&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=StateSymbolsUSA.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statesymbolsusa.org%2Fsymbol-official-item%2Fmassachusetts%2Fstate-dog-cat-state-mammal%2Ftabby-cat&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-dog-cat-state-mammal/boston-terrier">Boston Terrier: Massachusetts State Dog</a>. StateSymbolsUSA.org. [2015-04-18]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150419041328/http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-dog-cat-state-mammal/boston-terrier">存档</a>于2015-04-19）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.btitle=Boston+Terrier%3A+Massachusetts+State+Dog&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=StateSymbolsUSA.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statesymbolsusa.org%2Fsymbol-official-item%2Fmassachusetts%2Fstate-dog-cat-state-mammal%2Fboston-terrier&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-reptile/garter-snake">Garter Snake: Massachusetts State Reptile</a>. StateSymbolsUSA.org. [2015-04-18]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150419042842/http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-reptile/garter-snake">存档</a>于2015-04-19）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.btitle=Garter+Snake%3A+Massachusetts+State+Reptile&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=StateSymbolsUSA.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statesymbolsusa.org%2Fsymbol-official-item%2Fmassachusetts%2Fstate-reptile%2Fgarter-snake&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-tree/american-elm">American Elm: Massachusetts State Tree</a>. StateSymbolsUSA.org. [2015-04-18]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150419034247/http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-tree/american-elm">存档</a>于2015-04-19）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.btitle=American+Elm%3A+Massachusetts+State+Tree&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=StateSymbolsUSA.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statesymbolsusa.org%2Fsymbol-official-item%2Fmassachusetts%2Fstate-tree%2Famerican-elm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-food-agriculture-symbol/cranberry-juice">Cranberry Juice: Massachusetts State Beverage</a>. StateSymbolsUSA.org. [2015-04-18]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210220151418/https://statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-food-agriculture-symbol/cranberry-juice">存档</a>于2021-02-20）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.btitle=Cranberry+Juice%3A+Massachusetts+State+Beverage&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=StateSymbolsUSA.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statesymbolsusa.org%2Fsymbol-official-item%2Fmassachusetts%2Fstate-food-agriculture-symbol%2Fcranberry-juice&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-colors/blue-green-cranberry">Blue—Green—Cranberry: Massachusetts State Colors</a>. StateSymbolsUSA.org. [2015-04-18]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150419021941/http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-colors/blue-green-cranberry">存档</a>于2015-04-19）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.btitle=Blue%E2%80%94Green%E2%80%94Cranberry%3A+Massachusetts+State+Colors&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=StateSymbolsUSA.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statesymbolsusa.org%2Fsymbol-official-item%2Fmassachusetts%2Fstate-colors%2Fblue-green-cranberry&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-dance-music-symbol/square-dance">Square Dance: Massachusetts State Folk Dance</a>. StateSymbolsUSA.org. [2015-04-18]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150419014851/http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-dance-music-symbol/square-dance">存档</a>于2015-04-19）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.btitle=Square+Dance%3A+Massachusetts+State+Folk+Dance&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=StateSymbolsUSA.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statesymbolsusa.org%2Fsymbol-official-item%2Fmassachusetts%2Fstate-dance-music-symbol%2Fsquare-dance&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-food-agriculture-symbol/cranberry">Cranberry: Massachusetts State Berry</a>. StateSymbolsUSA.org. [2015-04-18]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150419014825/http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-food-agriculture-symbol/cranberry">存档</a>于2015-04-19）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.btitle=Cranberry%3A+Massachusetts+State+Berry&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=StateSymbolsUSA.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statesymbolsusa.org%2Fsymbol-official-item%2Fmassachusetts%2Fstate-food-agriculture-symbol%2Fcranberry&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-food-agriculture-symbol/corn-muffin">Corn Muffin: Massachusetts State Muffin</a>. StateSymbolsUSA.org. [2015-04-20]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221017091703/https://statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-food-agriculture-symbol/corn-muffin">存档</a>于2022-10-17）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.btitle=Corn+Muffin%3A+Massachusetts+State+Muffin&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=StateSymbolsUSA.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statesymbolsusa.org%2Fsymbol-official-item%2Fmassachusetts%2Fstate-food-agriculture-symbol%2Fcorn-muffin&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-food-agriculture-symbol/baked-navy-bean">Baked Navy Bean: Massachusetts State Bean</a>. StateSymbolsUSA.org. [2015-04-20]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150419163809/http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-food-agriculture-symbol/baked-navy-bean">存档</a>于2015-04-19）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.btitle=Baked+Navy+Bean%3A+Massachusetts+State+Bean&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=StateSymbolsUSA.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statesymbolsusa.org%2Fsymbol-official-item%2Fmassachusetts%2Fstate-food-agriculture-symbol%2Fbaked-navy-bean&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-food-agriculture-symbol/boston-cream-pie">Boston Creme Pie: Massachusetts State Dessert</a>. StateSymbolsUSA.org. [2015-04-20]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150419051856/http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-food-agriculture-symbol/boston-cream-pie">存档</a>于2015-04-19）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.btitle=Boston+Creme+Pie%3A+Massachusetts+State+Dessert&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=StateSymbolsUSA.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statesymbolsusa.org%2Fsymbol-official-item%2Fmassachusetts%2Fstate-food-agriculture-symbol%2Fboston-cream-pie&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-food-agriculture-symbol/chocolate-chip-cookie">Chocolate Chip Cookie: Massachusetts State Cookie</a>. StateSymbolsUSA.org. [2015-04-20]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150420023820/http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-food-agriculture-symbol/chocolate-chip-cookie">存档</a>于2015-04-20）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.btitle=Chocolate+Chip+Cookie%3A+Massachusetts+State+Cookie&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=StateSymbolsUSA.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statesymbolsusa.org%2Fsymbol-official-item%2Fmassachusetts%2Fstate-food-agriculture-symbol%2Fchocolate-chip-cookie&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-food-agriculture-symbol/boston-cream-donut">Boston Cream Donut: Massachusetts State Donut</a>. 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[2015-04-21]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190428184345/http://www.teachushistory.org/second-great-awakening-age-reform/articles/temperance-issue-election-1840-massachusetts">存档</a>于2019-04-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.btitle=The+Temperance+Issue+in+the+Election+of+1840%3A+Massachusetts&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Teachushistory.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teachushistory.org%2Fsecond-great-awakening-age-reform%2Farticles%2Ftemperance-issue-election-1840-massachusetts&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Packer, Barbara. The Transcendentalists. 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[2015-04-21]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190428184841/http://www.masshist.org/online/abolition/index.php">存档</a>于2019-04-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.btitle=Images+of+the+Antislavery+Movement+in+Massachusetts&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Masshist.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.masshist.org%2Fonline%2Fabolition%2Findex.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-basketball-60">^ <a href="#cite_ref-basketball_60-0">58.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-basketball_60-1">58.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-basketball_60-2">58.2</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150504211534/http://www.springfieldcollege.edu/welcome/birthplace-of-basketball/#.VTa-7CFVhBc">Springfield College: The Birthplace of Basketball</a>. Springfieldcollege.edu. [2015-04-21]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.springfieldcollege.edu/welcome/birthplace-of-basketball/#.VTa-7CFVhBc">原始内容</a>存档于2015-05-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.btitle=Springfield+College%3A+The+Birthplace+of+Basketball&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Springfieldcollege.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springfieldcollege.edu%2Fwelcome%2Fbirthplace-of-basketball%2F%23.VTa-7CFVhBc&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-volleyball-61">^ <a href="#cite_ref-volleyball_61-0">59.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-volleyball_61-1">59.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-volleyball_61-2">59.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-volleyball_61-3">59.3</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.volleyhall.org/about-us.html">The International Volleyball Hall of Fame</a>. Volleyball.org. 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Massachusetts Secretary of the Commonwealth. [2010-05-22]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120414211235/http://www.sec.state.ma.us/cis/cismaf/mf1a.htm">存档</a>于2012-04-14）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.btitle=Part+One%3A+Concise+Facts%E2%80%94Name&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Massachusetts+Secretary+of+the+Commonwealth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sec.state.ma.us%2Fcis%2Fcismaf%2Fmf1a.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mass.gov/anf/research-and-tech/legal-and-legislative-resources/why-is-massachusetts-a-commonwealth.html">Why is Massachusetts a Commonwealth?</a>. Commonwealth of Massachusetts. [2015-04-21]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160315111108/http://www.mass.gov/anf/research-and-tech/legal-and-legislative-resources/why-is-massachusetts-a-commonwealth.html">存档</a>于2016-03-15）. <q>The term 'Commonwealth' does not describe or provide for any specific political status or legal relationship when used by a state. Those [U.S. states] that do use it are equal to those that do not. Legally, Massachusetts is a commonwealth because the term is contained in the Constitution.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.btitle=Why+is+Massachusetts+a+Commonwealth%3F&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Commonwealth+of+Massachusetts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mass.gov%2Fanf%2Fresearch-and-tech%2Flegal-and-legislative-resources%2Fwhy-is-massachusetts-a-commonwealth.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110131061313/http://kdla.ky.gov/resources/kycommonwealth.htm">Kentucky as a Commonwealth</a>. Kentucky Department for Libraries and Archives. [2010-05-22]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kdla.ky.gov/resources/kycommonwealth.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2011-01-31）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.btitle=Kentucky+as+a+Commonwealth&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Kentucky+Department+for+Libraries+and+Archives&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkdla.ky.gov%2Fresources%2Fkycommonwealth.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Finucane, Martin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2018/01/23/why-call-massachusetts-commonwealth-blame-john-adams/8n9gWNMBkFr55xi91HkcnI/story.html">Why do we call Massachusetts a 'commonwealth'? Blame John Adams</a>. The Boston Globe. [2022-05-02]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210220154132/https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2018/01/23/why-call-massachusetts-commonwealth-blame-john-adams/8n9gWNMBkFr55xi91HkcnI/story.html">存档</a>于2021-02-20）. <q>A previous draft of the state constitution, proposed by the Legislature and rejected, had used the name 'State of Massachusetts Bay'. At the time, the word was used to mean 'republic', and there might have been some antimonarchical sentiment in using it, according to the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sec.state.ma.us/cis/cismaf/mf1a.htm">Massachusetts secretary of state's website</a>.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.atitle=Why+do+we+call+Massachusetts+a+%27commonwealth%27%3F+Blame+John+Adams&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.aulast=Finucane&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bostonglobe.com%2Fmetro%2F2018%2F01%2F23%2Fwhy-call-massachusetts-commonwealth-blame-john-adams%2F8n9gWNMBkFr55xi91HkcnI%2Fstory.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager20006–7-82">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrownTager20006–7_82-0">80.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrownTager20006–7_82-1">80.1</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrownTager2000">Brown & Tager 2000</a>，第6–7頁. </li> <li id="cite_note-Mohican-83">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mohican_83-0">81.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mohican_83-1">81.1</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090912122346/http://mohican-nsn.gov/Departments/Library-Museum/Mohican_History/origin-and-early.htm">Origin & Early Mohican History</a>. 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[2021-04-27]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220417160851/https://boston.cbslocal.com/video/5525988-massachusetts-population-surpasses-7-million-in-2020-census/">存档</a>于2022-04-17）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.btitle=Massachusetts+Population+Surpasses+7+Million+In+2020+Census&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fboston.cbslocal.com%2Fvideo%2F5525988-massachusetts-population-surpasses-7-million-in-2020-census%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-qcensus-193">^ <a href="#cite_ref-qcensus_193-0">191.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-qcensus_193-1">191.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-qcensus_193-2">191.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-qcensus_193-3">191.3</a> <a href="#cite_ref-qcensus_193-4">191.4</a> <a href="#cite_ref-qcensus_193-5">191.5</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151223235718/http://www.census.gov/popest/data/state/totals/2015/tables/NST-EST2015-01.csv">Table 1. 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[2015-04-26]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150222064931/http://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/reference/cenpop2010/CenPop2010_Mean_ST.txt">存档</a>于2015-02-22）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.btitle=Centers+of+Population&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Fgeo%2Fdocs%2Freference%2Fcenpop2010%2FCenPop2010_Mean_ST.txt&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.howderfamily.com/blog/state-centers-population/">State Centers of Population</a>. howderfamily.com. 2012-02-05 [2015-04-26]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220417160907/https://www.howderfamily.com/blog/state-centers-population/">存档</a>于2022-04-17）. <q>I'll ... examine some individual state centers of population.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.btitle=State+Centers+of+Population&rft.date=2012-02-05&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=howderfamily.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.howderfamily.com%2Fblog%2Fstate-centers-population%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-GlobeTopgrowth-196">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GlobeTopgrowth_196-0">194.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GlobeTopgrowth_196-1">194.1</a> <cite class="citation news">Miller, Joshua. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2014/01/01/massachusetts-population-growth-rate-ahead-other-new-england-states-but-still-slow/r7PLcdbKnD9HZY3fm97XGP/story.html">Mass. population growth is tops in N.E</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" class="mw-redirect" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a>. [2015-04-26]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150504093622/http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2014/01/01/massachusetts-population-growth-rate-ahead-other-new-england-states-but-still-slow/r7PLcdbKnD9HZY3fm97XGP/story.html">存档</a>于2015-05-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.atitle=Mass.+population+growth+is+tops+in+N.E&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bostonglobe.com%2Fmetro%2F2014%2F01%2F01%2Fmassachusetts-population-growth-rate-ahead-other-new-england-states-but-still-slow%2Fr7PLcdbKnD9HZY3fm97XGP%2Fstory.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-GlobeDemographics1-197">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GlobeDemographics1_197-0">195.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GlobeDemographics1_197-1">195.1</a> <cite class="citation news">Mishra, Raja. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2006/12/22/states_population_growth_on_stagnant_course/">State's population growth on stagnant course</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" class="mw-redirect" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a>. 2006-12-22 [2010-06-05]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090409141001/http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2006/12/22/states_population_growth_on_stagnant_course/">存档</a>于2009-04-09）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.atitle=State%27s+population+growth+on+stagnant+course&rft.aufirst=Raja&rft.aulast=Mishra&rft.date=2006-12-22&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boston.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Farticles%2F2006%2F12%2F22%2Fstates_population_growth_on_stagnant_course%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-USAToday1-198">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USAToday1_198-0">196.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-USAToday1_198-1">196.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-USAToday1_198-2">196.2</a> <cite class="citation news">Bayles, Fred. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/census/ma.htm">Minorities account for state population growth</a>. <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" class="mw-redirect" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>. 2001-03-21 [2010-06-05]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111025002241/http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/census/ma.htm">存档</a>于2011-10-25）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.atitle=Minorities+account+for+state+population+growth&rft.aufirst=Fred&rft.aulast=Bayles&rft.date=2001-03-21&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fnews%2Fnation%2Fcensus%2Fma.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huduser.gov%2Fportal%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fxls%2F2007-2022-PIT-Counts-by-State.xlsx&wdOrigin=BROWSELINK">2007-2022 PIT Counts by State</a>. 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[2015-06-10]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/25000.html">原始内容</a>存档于2015-08-21）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.btitle=Massachusetts+QuickFacts&rft.genre=unknown&rft.place=US&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fquickfacts.census.gov%2Fqfd%2Fstates%2F25000.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Exner, Rich. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cleveland.com/datacentral/index.ssf/2012/06/americas_under_age_1_populatio.html">Americans under age 1 now mostly minorities, but not in Ohio: Statistical Snapshot</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Plain_Dealer" class="mw-redirect" title="The Plain Dealer">The Plain Dealer</a>. 2012-06-03 [2022-06-28]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160714084214/http://www.cleveland.com/datacentral/index.ssf/2012/06/americas_under_age_1_populatio.html">存档</a>于2016-07-14）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.atitle=Americans+under+age+1+now+mostly+minorities%2C+but+not+in+Ohio%3A+Statistical+Snapshot&rft.aufirst=Rich&rft.aulast=Exner&rft.date=2012-06-03&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Plain+Dealer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cleveland.com%2Fdatacentral%2Findex.ssf%2F2012%2F06%2Famericas_under_age_1_populatio.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <cite id="June_3,_2012" class="citation web">Exner, Rich. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cleveland.com/datacentral/index.ssf/2012/06/americas_under_age_1_populatio.html">Americans under age 1 now mostly minorities, but not in Ohio: Statistical Snapshot</a>. cleveland.com. 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[2020-05-13]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220425182349/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr68/nvsr68_01-508.pdf">存档</a> (PDF)于2022-04-25）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.btitle=CDC+data&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=www.cdc.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fnchs%2Fdata%2Fnvsr%2Fnvsr68%2Fnvsr68_01-508.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000173-208"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000173_208-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrownTager2000">Brown & Tager 2000</a>，第173頁. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000173–79-209"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000173–79_209-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrownTager2000">Brown & Tager 2000</a>，第173–79頁. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000203-210"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000203_210-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrownTager2000">Brown & Tager 2000</a>，第203頁. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000301-211"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000301_211-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrownTager2000">Brown & Tager 2000</a>，第301頁. </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200214001946/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/14_1YR/S0201/0400000US25/popgroup~016">SELECTED POPULATION PROFILE IN THE UNITED STATES 2014 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates—Chinese alone, Massachusetts</a>. United States Census Bureau. [2016-05-08]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/14_1YR/S0201/0400000US25/popgroup~016">原始内容</a>存档于2020-02-14）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.btitle=SELECTED+POPULATION+PROFILE+IN+THE+UNITED+STATES+2014+American+Community+Survey+1-Year+Estimates%E2%80%94Chinese+alone%2C+Massachusetts&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder.census.gov%2Fbkmk%2Ftable%2F1.0%2Fen%2FACS%2F14_1YR%2FS0201%2F0400000US25%2Fpopgroup~016&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200213010024/https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/QTP10/0400000US25">Hispanic or Latino by Type: 2010 Census Summary File 1: Massachusetts (QT-P10)</a>. American Factfinder. U.S. Census Bureau. [2018-03-14]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/QTP10/0400000US25">原始内容</a>存档于2020-02-13）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.atitle=Hispanic+or+Latino+by+Type%3A+2010+Census+Summary+File+1%3A+Massachusetts+%28QT-P10%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Factfinder&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder.census.gov%2Fbkmk%2Ftable%2F1.0%2Fen%2FDEC%2F10_SF1%2FQTP10%2F0400000US25&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2011/08/25/us/same-sex-couples-since-1990.html?ref=us">Same-Sex Couples Since 1990</a>. archive.nytimes.com. [2022-12-04]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120418024413/http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2011/08/25/us/same-sex-couples-since-1990.html?ref=us">存档</a>于2012-04-18）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.atitle=Same-Sex+Couples+Since+1990&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=archive.nytimes.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Finteractive%2F2011%2F08%2F25%2Fus%2Fsame-sex-couples-since-1990.html%3Fref%3Dus&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/">PEOPLE REPORTING ANCESTRY 2012–2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates</a>. U.S. Census Bureau. [2018-08-25]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19961227012639/https://www.census.gov/">存档</a>于1996-12-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.btitle=PEOPLE+REPORTING+ANCESTRY+2012%E2%80%932016+American+Community+Survey+5-Year+Estimates&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-citydata2000-216"><a href="#cite_ref-citydata2000_216-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.city-data.com/states/Massachusetts-Ethnic-groups.html">Massachusetts—Ethnic groups</a>. City-Data.com. [2015-04-26]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140819194546/http://www.city-data.com/states/Massachusetts-Ethnic-groups.html">存档</a>于2014-08-19）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.btitle=Massachusetts%E2%80%94Ethnic+groups&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=City-Data.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.city-data.com%2Fstates%2FMassachusetts-Ethnic-groups.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a> For Bristol County see <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200213025726/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP02/0500000US25005">DP02 SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES—2006–2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. [2016-01-12]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP02/0500000US25005">原始内容</a>存档于2020-02-13）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.btitle=DP02+SELECTED+SOCIAL+CHARACTERISTICS+IN+THE+UNITED+STATES%E2%80%942006%E2%80%932010+American+Community+Survey+5-Year+Estimates&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder.census.gov%2Fbkmk%2Ftable%2F1.0%2Fen%2FACS%2F10_5YR%2FDP02%2F0500000US25005&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> For Hampden County see <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200213010213/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP02/0500000US25013">DP02 Selected Social Characteristics in the United States—2006–2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. [2016-01-12]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP02/0500000US25013">原始内容</a>存档于2020-02-13）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.btitle=DP02+Selected+Social+Characteristics+in+the+United+States%E2%80%942006%E2%80%932010+American+Community+Survey+5-Year+Estimates&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder.census.gov%2Fbkmk%2Ftable%2F1.0%2Fen%2FACS%2F10_5YR%2FDP02%2F0500000US25013&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> For Worcester County see <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200213020310/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP02/0500000US25027">DP02 SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES—2006–2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. [2016-01-12]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP02/0500000US25027">原始内容</a>存档于2020-02-13）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.btitle=DP02+SELECTED+SOCIAL+CHARACTERISTICS+IN+THE+UNITED+STATES%E2%80%942006%E2%80%932010+American+Community+Survey+5-Year+Estimates&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder.census.gov%2Fbkmk%2Ftable%2F1.0%2Fen%2FACS%2F10_5YR%2FDP02%2F0500000US25027&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Schweitzer, Sarah. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2010/02/15/lowell_hopes_to_put_little_cambodia_on_the_map/">Lowell hopes to put 'Little Cambodia' on the map</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" class="mw-redirect" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a>. 2010-02-15 [2010-05-31]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100419144855/http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2010/02/15/lowell_hopes_to_put_little_cambodia_on_the_map/">存档</a>于2010-04-19）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.atitle=Lowell+hopes+to+put+%27Little+Cambodia%27+on+the+map&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft.aulast=Schweitzer&rft.date=2010-02-15&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boston.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fmassachusetts%2Farticles%2F2010%2F02%2F15%2Flowell_hopes_to_put_little_cambodia_on_the_map%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/">2011–2015 American Community Survey Selected Population Tables</a>. [2018-08-10]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19961227012639/https://www.census.gov/">存档</a>于1996-12-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.btitle=2011%E2%80%932015+American+Community+Survey+Selected+Population+Tables&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/nagpra/DOCUMENTS/ResMAP.HTM">Indian Reservations in the Continental United States</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. [2015-05-07]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150507160213/http://www.nps.gov/NAGPRA/DOCUMENTS/ResMAP.HTM">存档</a>于2015-05-07）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.btitle=Indian+Reservations+in+the+Continental+United+States&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fnagpra%2FDOCUMENTS%2FResMAP.HTM&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000180–82-223"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000180–82_223-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrownTager2000">Brown & Tager 2000</a>，第180–82頁. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000257–58-224"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000257–58_224-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrownTager2000">Brown & Tager 2000</a>，第257–58頁. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000300–4-225"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000300–4_225-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrownTager2000">Brown & Tager 2000</a>，第300–4頁. </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Irwin, Patricia; Nagy, Naomi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1009&context=pwpl">Bostonians /r/ Speaking: A Quantitative Look at (R) in Boston</a>. 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When the number of deaths or births events is small, differences by state may be unreliable due to instability in rates. When the number of deaths is small, rankings by state may be unreliable due to instability in death rates.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.atitle=Massachusetts&rft.au=National+Center+for+Health+Statistics&rft.date=2022-02-16&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Key+Health+Indicators&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fnchs%2Fpressroom%2Fstates%2Fmassachusetts%2Fma.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-433"><a href="#cite_ref-433">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101016214511/http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2010/ranks/rank17.html">Infant Mortality Rate, 2006</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. 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[2009-10-21]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090831040023/http://usga.usopen.com/2009/history/past-champions.html">存档</a>于2009-08-31）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.btitle=2009+U.S.+Open%E2%80%94Past+Champions&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=United+States+Golf+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fusga.usopen.com%2F2009%2Fhistory%2Fpast-champions.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-462"><a href="#cite_ref-462">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pgatour.com/tournaments/r505/">Deutsche Bank Championship</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E8%81%B7%E6%A5%AD%E9%AB%98%E7%88%BE%E5%A4%AB%E7%90%83%E5%93%A1%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83" title="美國職業高爾夫球員協會">美国职业高尔夫球员协会</a>. [2009-10-21]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090924225531/http://www.pgatour.com/tournaments/r505/">存档</a>于2009-09-24）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.btitle=Deutsche+Bank+Championship&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E8%81%8C%E4%B8%9A%E9%AB%98%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%AB%E7%90%83%E5%91%98%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pgatour.com%2Ftournaments%2Fr505%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-463"><a href="#cite_ref-463">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Hass, Trevor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonglobe.com/2021/06/04/sports/cannons-cross-lacross-club-fall-redwoods-debut/">Cannons Lacrosse Club fall to Redwoods in Premier League Lacrosse debut at Gillette Stadium – The Boston Globe</a>. <a href="/wiki/Boston_Globe" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston Globe">Boston Globe</a>. 2021-06-04 [2021-08-08]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221027110750/https://www.bostonglobe.com/2021/06/04/sports/cannons-cross-lacross-club-fall-redwoods-debut/">存档</a>于2022-10-27） （美国英语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.atitle=Cannons+Lacrosse+Club+fall+to+Redwoods+in+Premier+League+Lacrosse+debut+at+Gillette+Stadium+%E2%80%93+The+Boston+Globe&rft.aufirst=Trevor&rft.aulast=Hass&rft.date=2021-06-04&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Boston+Globe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bostonglobe.com%2F2021%2F06%2F04%2Fsports%2Fcannons-cross-lacross-club-fall-redwoods-debut%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-464"><a href="#cite_ref-464">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.golocalworcester.com/sports/top-25-olympic-athletes-from-massachusetts">25 Olympians from Massachusetts</a>. GoLocalWorcester. [2015-05-07]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150630145406/http://www.golocalworcester.com/sports/top-25-olympic-athletes-from-massachusetts">存档</a>于2015-06-30）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.btitle=25+Olympians+from+Massachusetts&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=GoLocalWorcester&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.golocalworcester.com%2Fsports%2Ftop-25-olympic-athletes-from-massachusetts&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-465"><a href="#cite_ref-465">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.masslive.com/sports/2017/05/ranking_the_top_50_athletes_fr.html">Ranking the Top 50 Athletes from Massachusetts</a>. 2017-05-30 [2022-10-27]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221027112940/https://www.masslive.com/sports/2017/05/ranking_the_top_50_athletes_fr.html">存档</a>于2022-10-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.btitle=Ranking+the+Top+50+Athletes+from+Massachusetts&rft.date=2017-05-30&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.masslive.com%2Fsports%2F2017%2F05%2Franking_the_top_50_athletes_fr.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-466"><a href="#cite_ref-466">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gillettestadium.com/boston-selected-host-fifa-world-cup-2026/">Boston Selected to Host FIFA World Cup 2026</a>. Gillette Stadium. [2022-12-02]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221202104806/https://www.gillettestadium.com/boston-selected-host-fifa-world-cup-2026/">存档</a>于2022-12-02）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.atitle=Boston+Selected+to+Host+FIFA+World+Cup+2026&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gillette+Stadium&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gillettestadium.com%2Fboston-selected-host-fifa-world-cup-2026%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考书目">参考书目</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&action=edit&section=47" title="编辑章节：参考书目">编辑</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Brebner, John Bartlet. New England's Outpost: Acadia Before the Conquest of Canada. New York, NY: Columbia University Press. 1927. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-7812-6367-2" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-7812-6367-2">ISBN 978-0-7812-6367-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.aufirst=John+Bartlet&rft.aulast=Brebner&rft.btitle=New+England%27s+Outpost%3A+Acadia+Before+the+Conquest+of+Canada&rft.date=1927&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-7812-6367-2&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Brettell, Caroline. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/anthropologymigr0000bret">Anthropology and Migration:Essays on Transnational Ethnicity and Identity</a>. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press. 2003. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-7591-0320-7" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-7591-0320-7">ISBN 978-0-7591-0320-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.aufirst=Caroline&rft.aulast=Brettell&rft.btitle=Anthropology+and+Migration%3AEssays+on+Transnational+Ethnicity+and+Identity&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-7591-0320-7&rft.place=Walnut+Creek%2C+CA&rft.pub=AltaMira+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fanthropologymigr0000bret&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBrownTager2000" class="citation book">Brown, Richard D; Tager, Jack. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/massachusettscon00brow">Massachusetts: A Concise History</a><img alt="需要免费注册" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press. 2000. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-55849-248-6" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-55849-248-6">ISBN 978-1-55849-248-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.au=Tager%2C+Jack&rft.aufirst=Richard+D&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.btitle=Massachusetts%3A+A+Concise+History&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-55849-248-6&rft.place=Amherst%2C+MA&rft.pub=University+of+Massachusetts+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmassachusettscon00brow&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9%E9%9C%80%E7%99%BB%E5%85%A5%E6%9F%A5%E7%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E9%A0%81%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:含有內容需登入查看的頁面">link</a>)</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDejnozkaGiffordKapelKapel1982" class="citation book">Dejnozka, Edward L; Gifford, Charles S; Kapel, David E; Kapel, Marilyn B. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americaneducator0000dejn">American Educators' Encyclopedia</a><img alt="需要免费注册" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. Westport, CT: <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenwood Press">Greenwood Press</a>. 1982. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-313-20954-3" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-313-20954-3">ISBN 978-0-313-20954-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.au=Gifford%2C+Charles+S&rft.au=Kapel%2C+David+E&rft.au=Kapel%2C+Marilyn+B&rft.aufirst=Edward+L&rft.aulast=Dejnozka&rft.btitle=American+Educators%27+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1982&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-313-20954-3&rft.place=Westport%2C+CT&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericaneducator0000dejn&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9%E9%9C%80%E7%99%BB%E5%85%A5%E6%9F%A5%E7%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E9%A0%81%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:含有內容需登入查看的頁面">link</a>)</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGoldfieldAbbottAndersonArgersinger1998" class="citation book">Goldfield, David; Abbott, Carl; Anderson, Virginia DeJohn; Argersinger, Jo Ann E; Argersinger, Peter H; Barney, William L; Weir, Robert M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanjourneyt00davi">The American Journey—A History of the United States</a><img alt="需要免费注册" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. Upper Saddle River, NJ: <a href="/wiki/Prentice_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Prentice Hall">Prentice Hall</a>. 1998. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-13-656562-8" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-13-656562-8">ISBN 978-0-13-656562-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.au=Abbott%2C+Carl&rft.au=Anderson%2C+Virginia+DeJohn&rft.au=Argersinger%2C+Jo+Ann+E&rft.au=Argersinger%2C+Peter+H&rft.au=Barney%2C+William+L&rft.au=Weir%2C+Robert+M&rft.aufirst=David&rft.aulast=Goldfield&rft.btitle=The+American+Journey%E2%80%94A+History+of+the+United+States&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-13-656562-8&rft.place=Upper+Saddle+River%2C+NJ&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericanjourneyt00davi&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9%E9%9C%80%E7%99%BB%E5%85%A5%E6%9F%A5%E7%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E9%A0%81%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:含有內容需登入查看的頁面">link</a>)</li> <li><cite class="citation book">Koplow, David A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/smallpoxfighttoe00kopl">Smallpox: The Fight to Eradicate a Global Scourge</a>. Berkeley, CA: <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. 2004. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-520-24220-3" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-520-24220-3">ISBN 978-0-520-24220-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.aufirst=David+A&rft.aulast=Koplow&rft.btitle=Smallpox%3A+The+Fight+to+Eradicate+a+Global+Scourge&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-520-24220-3&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+CA&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsmallpoxfighttoe00kopl&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Sokolow, Alvin D. Town and Township Government: Serving Rural and Suburban Communities. Handbook of Local Government Administration. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker. 1997. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-8247-9782-9" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-8247-9782-9">ISBN 978-0-8247-9782-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&rft.atitle=Town+and+Township+Government%3A+Serving+Rural+and+Suburban+Communities&rft.aufirst=Alvin+D&rft.aulast=Sokolow&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Local+Government+Administration&rft.date=1997&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-0-8247-9782-9&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Marcel+Dekker&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="延伸阅读">延伸阅读</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&action=edit&section=48" title="编辑章节：延伸阅读">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="概述和调查">概述和调查</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&action=edit&section=49" title="编辑章节：概述和调查">编辑</a>]</div> <ul><li>Hall, Donald. ed. The Encyclopedia of New England (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%8B%E4%B8%9A%E6%8C%AF%E5%85%B4%E7%BD%B2" title="公共事业振兴署">公共事业振兴署</a>. Guide to Massachusetts (1939)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="第二手来源">第二手来源</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&action=edit&section=50" title="编辑章节：第二手来源">编辑</a>]</div> <ul><li>Abrams, Richard M. Conservatism in a Progressive Era: Massachusetts Politics, 1900–1912 (1964)</li> <li>Adams, James Truslow. Revolutionary New England, 1691–1776 (1923)</li> <li>Adams, James Truslow. New England in the Republic, 1776–1850 (1926)</li> <li>Andrews, Charles M. The Fathers of New England: A Chronicle of the Puritan Commonwealths (1919), short survey</li> <li>Conforti, Joseph A. Imagining New England: Explorations of Regional Identity from the Pilgrims to the Mid-Twentieth Century (2001)</li> <li>Cumbler, John T. Reasonable Use: The People, the Environment, and the State, New England, 1790–1930 (1930), environmental history</li> <li>Fischer, David Hackett. Paul Revere's Ride (1994), 1775 in depth</li> <li>Flagg, Charles Allcott, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/aguidetomassach00flaggoog">A Guide to Massachusetts local history</a>, Salem : Salem Press Company, 1907.</li> <li>Green, James R., William F. Hartford, and Tom Juravich. Commonwealth of Toil: Chapters in the History of Massachusetts Workers and Their Unions (1996)</li> <li>Huthmacher, J. Joseph. Massachusetts People and Politics, 1919–1933 (1958)</li> <li>Labaree, Benjamin Woods. Colonial Massachusetts: A History (1979)</li> <li>Morison, Samuel Eliot. The Maritime History of Massachusetts, 1783–1860 (1921)</li> <li>Peirce, Neal R. The New England States: People, Politics, and Power in the Six New England States (1976), 1960–75 era</li> <li>Porter, Susan L. Women of the Commonwealth: Work, Family, and Social Change in Nineteenth-Century Massachusetts (1996)</li> <li>Sletcher, Michael. New England (2004).</li> <li>Starkey, Marion L. The Devil in Massachusetts (1949), Salem witches</li> <li>Tager, Jack, and John W. Ifkovic, eds. Massachusetts in the Gilded Age: Selected Essays (1985), ethnic groups</li> <li>Zimmerman, Joseph F. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/library/book/the-new-england-town-meeting-democracy-in-action-by-joseph-f-zimmerman.jsp">The New England Town Meeting: Democracy in Action</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20111123155020/https://www.questia.com/library/book/the-new-england-town-meeting-democracy-in-action-by-joseph-f-zimmerman.jsp">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） (1999)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結">外部連結</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E&action=edit&section=51" title="编辑章节：外部連結">编辑</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83112147">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> 麻薩諸塞州在维基百科的<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%AA%92%E4%BD%93%E5%A7%8A%E5%A6%B9%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE" title="Wikipedia:维基媒体姊妹项目">姊妹项目</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" />维基词典上的<a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/麻薩諸塞州">字词解释</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" />维基共享资源上的<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Massachusetts" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Massachusetts">多媒体资源</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" />维基新闻上的<a href="https://zh.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/麻薩諸塞州">新闻</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" />维基语录上的<a href="https://zh.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/麻薩諸塞州">名言</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" />维基文库上的<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/麻薩諸塞州">原始文献</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />维基教科书上的<a href="https://zh.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/麻薩諸塞州">教科书和手册</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" />维基学院上的<a href="https://zh.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/麻薩諸塞州">学习资源</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" />维基导游上的<a href="https://zh.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Massachusetts" class="extiw" title="voy:Massachusetts">旅行资讯</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mass.gov/">官方网站</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.massvacation.com/">Massachusetts Office of Travel and Tourism</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200824104938/http://www.massvacation.com/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/states/massachusetts/index.html">Massachusetts State Guide</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20201023081733/https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/states/massachusetts/index.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） from the Library of Congress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E6%94%BE%E5%BC%8F%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95" title="开放式目录">开放目录项目</a>中的“<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://curlie.org/Regional/North_America/United_States/Massachusetts">麻薩諸塞州</a>”</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box" style="margin:0.5em auto !important; font-size:95%;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;font-weight: bold;" rowspan="1">前任者： <a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E4%B9%83%E7%8B%84%E5%85%8B%E5%B7%9E" title="康乃狄克州">康乃狄克州</a> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%89%E5%8A%A0%E5%85%A5%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%9F%E6%8E%92%E5%88%97%E7%9A%84%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%B7%9E%E4%BB%BD%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="按加入聯邦日期排列的美國州份列表">按加入联邦日期排列的美国州份列表</a> 于1788年2月6日批准<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95" title="美国宪法">宪法</a>（第六个） </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" rowspan="1">繼任者： <a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C%E5%85%B0%E5%B7%9E" title="马里兰州">马里兰州</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="noprint metadata" style="border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; background: #f8f9fa; text-align: center; width:80%; font-size:80%; margin:0.5em auto"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:0%; padding-right:5px" rowspan="5"><figure class="mw-halign-center skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/50px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/75px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/100px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="width:33%"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Vermont.svg/22px-Flag_of_Vermont.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Vermont.svg/33px-Flag_of_Vermont.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Vermont.svg/44px-Flag_of_Vermont.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%B7%9E" title="佛蒙特州">佛蒙特州</a> </td> <td style="width:33%"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg/22px-Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg/33px-Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg/44px-Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="440" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%BD%95%E5%B8%83%E4%BB%80%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%9E" title="新罕布什尔州">新罕布什尔州</a> </td> <td style="width:33%"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg/22px-Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg/33px-Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg/44px-Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="440" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%BD%95%E5%B8%83%E4%BB%80%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%9E" title="新罕布什尔州">新罕布什尔州</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Maine.svg/22px-Flag_of_Maine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Maine.svg/33px-Flag_of_Maine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Maine.svg/44px-Flag_of_Maine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6336" data-file-height="4992" /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%85%E5%9B%A0%E5%B7%9E" title="缅因州">缅因州</a> （15英里（24公里）之外） </td> <td style="width:0%; padding-left:5px" rowspan="5"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/50px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/75px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/100px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:33%" rowspan="3"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/22px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/33px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/44px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6%E5%B7%9E" title="纽约州">纽约州</a> </td> <td style="width:33%"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/17px-North.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/26px-North.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/34px-North.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /> </td> <td style="width:33%" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B" title="大西洋">大西洋</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:33%"> <table style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%; text-align:right"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/17px-West.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/26px-West.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/34px-West.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /><figcaption>西</figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="width:0%; text-align: center" nowrap="nowrap">  <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/22px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/33px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/44px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="900" /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">马萨诸塞州</a>   </td> <td style="width:50%; text-align:left"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/17px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/26px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/34px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /><figcaption>東</figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:33%"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/17px-South.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/26px-South.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/34px-South.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:33%"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg/22px-Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg/33px-Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg/44px-Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%B3%BD%E8%A5%BF%E5%B7%9E" title="新泽西州">新泽西州</a> </td> <td style="width:33%"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/22px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/33px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/44px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="260" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E4%B9%83%E7%8B%84%E5%85%8B%E5%B7%9E" title="康乃狄克州">康涅狄格州</a>和<img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Rhode_Island.svg/22px-Flag_of_Rhode_Island.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Rhode_Island.svg/33px-Flag_of_Rhode_Island.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Rhode_Island.svg/44px-Flag_of_Rhode_Island.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="580" /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E5%BE%B7%E5%B3%B6%E5%B7%9E" title="羅德島州">罗得岛州</a> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%B3%95%E9%B1%BC%E8%A7%92" class="mw-redirect" title="鳕鱼角">鳕鱼角</a> <a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E5%9B%AD%E5%B2%9B" title="马萨葡萄园岛">马萨葡萄园岛</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%A0%E5%A1%94%E5%9F%BA%E7%89%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="楠塔基特">楠塔基特</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output 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title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="马萨诸塞州" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">马萨诸塞</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%B7%9E%E4%BB%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="美國州份">州</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%90%84%E5%B7%9E%E9%A6%96%E5%BA%9C%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="美国各州首府列表">首府</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A1%BF" title="波士顿">波士顿</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">主题</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州历史（页面不存在）">历史</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州地理（页面不存在）">地理</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州政府（页面不存在）">政府</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E5%B7%9E%E9%95%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州州长（页面不存在）">州长</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/85px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/128px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/170px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="900" /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">县</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%B8%83%E7%88%BE%E7%B8%A3" title="巴恩斯特布爾縣">巴恩斯特布尔县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E5%85%8B%E5%A4%8F%E7%B8%A3" title="伯克夏縣">伯克希尔县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E7%B8%A3_(%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="布里斯托縣 (麻薩諸塞州)">布里斯托尔县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%8E%BF_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="杜克斯县 (马萨诸塞州)">杜克斯县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E5%A1%9E%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E7%B8%A3_(%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="艾塞克斯縣 (麻薩諸塞州)">埃塞克斯县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E6%9E%97%E7%B8%A3_(%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="富蘭克林縣 (麻薩諸塞州)">富兰克林县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E7%99%BB%E7%B8%A3" title="漢登縣">汉普登县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%99%AE%E5%A4%8F%E7%B8%A3_(%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="漢普夏縣 (麻薩諸塞州)">汉普希尔县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%BE%B7%E7%91%9F%E6%96%AF%E9%83%A1_(%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="密德瑟斯郡 (麻薩諸塞州)">米德尔塞克斯县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%A1%94%E5%85%8B%E7%89%B9" title="南塔克特">楠塔基特县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E7%A6%8F%E5%85%8B%E5%8E%BF_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="诺福克县 (马萨诸塞州)">诺福克县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E8%8C%85%E6%96%AF%E7%B8%A3_(%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="普利茅斯縣 (麻薩諸塞州)">普利茅斯县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E7%A6%8F%E5%85%8B%E7%B8%A3_(%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="沙福克縣 (麻薩諸塞州)">萨福克县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E7%B8%A3_(%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="烏斯特縣 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href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E5%85%8B%E9%A1%BF_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="布罗克顿 (马萨诸塞州)">布罗克顿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%9B%B7%E6%81%A9%E5%9E%82_(%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="布雷恩垂 (麻薩諸塞州)">布倫特里</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%91%E6%A1%A5_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="剑桥 (马萨诸塞州)">剑桥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%87%E5%B0%94%E8%A5%BF_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="切尔西 (马萨诸塞州)">切尔西</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E7%A7%91%E7%9A%AE_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="奇科皮 (马萨诸塞州)">奇科皮</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%9C%97%E6%A2%85%E5%A4%9A_(%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="東朗梅多 (麻薩諸塞州)">东朗梅多</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%BC%A2%E6%99%AE%E9%A0%93_(%E9%A6%AC%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="東漢普頓 (馬薩諸塞州)">伊斯特汉普顿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E7%89%B9_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="埃弗里特 (马萨诸塞州)">埃弗里特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%B0%94%E9%87%8C%E5%BC%97_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="福尔里弗 (马萨诸塞州)">福尔里弗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%A5%87%E5%A0%A1_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="菲奇堡 (马萨诸塞州)">菲奇堡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E6%98%8E%E7%BF%B0" title="弗雷明翰">弗雷明翰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E6%9E%97%E7%B8%A3_(%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="富蘭克林縣 (麻薩諸塞州)">富兰克林</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%BE%B7%E7%BA%B3_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="加德纳 (马萨诸塞州)">加德纳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="格洛斯特 (马萨诸塞州)">格洛斯特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E6%9E%97%E8%8F%B2%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="格林菲尔德 (马萨诸塞州)">格林菲尔德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%94_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="黑弗里尔 (马萨诸塞州)">黑弗里尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%A5%E5%85%8B_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="霍利奥克 (马萨诸塞州)">霍利奥克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%B3%E4%BC%A6%E6%96%AF_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="劳伦斯 (马萨诸塞州)">劳伦斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%8A%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9_(%E9%A6%AC%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="萊姆斯特 (馬薩諸塞州)">莱明斯特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E5%8E%84%E5%B0%94_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="洛厄尔 (马萨诸塞州)">洛厄尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E6%81%A9_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="林恩 (马萨诸塞州)">林恩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E5%B0%94%E7%99%BB_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="莫尔登 (马萨诸塞州)">莫尔登</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E4%BC%AF%E5%8B%92_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="马尔伯勒 (马萨诸塞州)">马尔伯勒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E5%BE%B7%E7%A6%8F_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="梅德福 (马萨诸塞州)">梅德福</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E5%B0%94%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="梅尔罗斯 (马萨诸塞州)">梅尔罗斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E4%BC%91%E5%9B%A0_(%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="梅休因 (麻薩諸塞州)">梅休因</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%B4%9D%E5%BE%B7%E7%A6%8F%E5%BE%B7_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="新贝德福德 (马萨诸塞州)">新贝德福德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BD%E4%BC%AF%E9%87%8C%E6%B3%A2%E7%89%B9" title="纽伯里波特">纽伯里波特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="牛顿 (马萨诸塞州)">牛顿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%9A%E5%BD%93%E6%96%AF_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="北亚当斯 (马萨诸塞州)">北亚当斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%89%E6%99%AE%E6%95%A6_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="北安普敦 (马萨诸塞州)">北安普敦</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%95%E5%B0%94%E9%BB%98_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="帕尔默 (马萨诸塞州)（页面不存在）">帕尔默</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E5%8D%9A%E8%BF%AA_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="皮博迪 (马萨诸塞州)">皮博迪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E8%8C%A8%E8%8F%B2%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="皮茨菲尔德 (马萨诸塞州)">皮茨菲尔德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%86%E8%A5%BF_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="昆西 (马萨诸塞州)">昆西</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="里维尔 (马萨诸塞州)">里维尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%8B%92%E5%A7%86_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="塞勒姆 (马萨诸塞州)">塞勒姆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%99%AE%E6%9E%97%E8%8F%B2%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="斯普林菲尔德 (马萨诸塞州)">斯普林菲尔德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E9%BB%98%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="萨默维尔 (马萨诸塞州)">萨默维尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B9%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%87_(%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="紹斯布里奇 (麻薩諸塞州)">绍斯布里奇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%A4%E9%A1%BF_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="汤顿 (马萨诸塞州)">汤顿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%94%E7%91%9F%E5%A7%86_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="沃尔瑟姆 (马萨诸塞州)">沃尔瑟姆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E7%89%B9%E6%95%A6_(%E9%A6%AC%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="沃特敦 (馬薩諸塞州)">沃特敦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%E6%99%AE%E6%9E%97%E8%8F%B2%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="西斯普林菲尔德 (马萨诸塞州)">西斯普林菲尔德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E8%8F%B2%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="韦斯特菲尔德 (马萨诸塞州)">韦斯特菲尔德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%8B%E8%8C%85%E6%96%AF_(%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="韋茅斯 (麻薩諸塞州)">韦茅斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E6%9C%AC_(%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="沃本 (麻薩諸塞州)">沃本</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8D%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="伍斯特 (马萨诸塞州)">伍斯特</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83933911">@media 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class="navbox" aria-labelledby="马萨诸塞州州政府（英语：-&#123;Government_of_Massachusetts&#125;-）" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#15317E; color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E5%B7%9E%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="Template:马萨诸塞州州政府"><abbr title="查看该模板" style="color:white">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E5%B7%9E%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:马萨诸塞州州政府（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板" 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href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A" title="马萨诸塞州议会">马萨诸塞州议会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E5%8F%82%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2" title="马萨诸塞州参议院">马萨诸塞州参议院</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E5%8F%82%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%BB%E6%88%90%E5%91%98%E5%90%8D%E5%8D%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州参议院现任成员名单（页面不存在）">成员</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_current_members_of_the_Massachusetts_Senate" class="extiw" title="en:List of current members of the Massachusetts Senate">List of current members of the Massachusetts Senate</a>）, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E5%8F%82%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2%E8%AE%AE%E9%95%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州参议院议长（页面不存在）">议长</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_Massachusetts_Senate" class="extiw" title="en:President of the Massachusetts Senate">President of the Massachusetts Senate</a>）)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E4%BC%97%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2" title="马萨诸塞州众议院">马萨诸塞州众议院</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E4%BC%97%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%BB%E6%88%90%E5%91%98%E5%90%8D%E5%8D%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州众议院现任成员名单（页面不存在）">成员</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_current_members_of_the_Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives" class="extiw" title="en:List of current members of the Massachusetts House of Representatives">List of current members of the Massachusetts House of Representatives</a>）, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E4%BC%97%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2%E5%8F%91%E8%A8%80%E4%BA%BA%E5%90%8D%E5%8D%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州众议院发言人名单（页面不存在）">发言人</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives" class="extiw" title="en:Speaker of the Massachusetts House of Representatives">Speaker of the Massachusetts House of Representatives</a>）)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Massachusetts.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Coat_of_arms_of_Massachusetts.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_Massachusetts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Coat_of_arms_of_Massachusetts.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Coat_of_arms_of_Massachusetts.svg/160px-Coat_of_arms_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="202" data-file-height="270" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#15317E; color:white;;width:1%">行政</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E5%B7%9E%E9%95%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州州长（页面不存在）">州长</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_Massachusetts" class="extiw" title="en:Governor of Massachusetts">Governor of Massachusetts</a>）(<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E5%B7%9E%E9%95%BF%E5%90%8D%E5%8D%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州州长名单（页面不存在）">名单</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Massachusetts" class="extiw" title="en:List of Governors of Massachusetts">List of Governors of Massachusetts</a>）)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E5%89%AF%E5%B7%9E%E9%95%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州副州长（页面不存在）">副州长</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Massachusetts" class="extiw" title="en:Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts">Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E9%83%A8%E9%95%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州司法部长（页面不存在）">司法部长</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Attorney_General" class="extiw" title="en:Massachusetts Attorney General">Massachusetts Attorney General</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E5%AE%A1%E8%AE%A1%E5%91%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州审计员（页面不存在）">审计</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_State_Auditor" class="extiw" title="en:Massachusetts State Auditor">Massachusetts State Auditor</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E7%A7%98%E4%B9%A6%E9%95%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州联邦秘书长（页面不存在）">联邦秘书长</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Secretary_of_the_Commonwealth" class="extiw" title="en:Massachusetts Secretary of the Commonwealth">Massachusetts Secretary of the Commonwealth</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E8%B4%A2%E5%8A%A1%E4%B8%BB%E7%AE%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州财务主管（页面不存在）">财务主管</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treasurer_and_Receiver-General_of_Massachusetts" class="extiw" title="en:Treasurer and Receiver-General of Massachusetts">Treasurer and Receiver-General of Massachusetts</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%92%8C%E8%B4%A2%E5%8A%A1%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E5%8A%9E%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州行政和财务执行办公室（页面不存在）">行政和财务执行办公室</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Executive_Office_for_Administration_and_Finance" class="extiw" title="en:Massachusetts Executive Office for Administration and Finance">Massachusetts Executive Office for Administration and Finance</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E4%B8%AD%E5%B0%8F%E5%AD%A6%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E9%83%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州中小学教育部（页面不存在）">中小学教育部</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Department_of_Elementary_and_Secondary_Education" class="extiw" title="en:Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education">Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E5%BA%94%E6%80%A5%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%B1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州应急管理局（页面不存在）">应急管理局</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Emergency_Management_Agency" class="extiw" title="en:Massachusetts Emergency Management Agency">Massachusetts Emergency Management Agency</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90%E5%92%8C%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E4%BA%8B%E5%8A%A1%E5%8A%9E%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州能源和环境事务办公室（页面不存在）">能源和环境事务办公室</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Executive_Office_of_Energy_and_Environmental_Affairs" class="extiw" title="en:Massachusetts Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs">Massachusetts Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E9%83%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州环境保护部（页面不存在）">环境保护部</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Department_of_Environmental_Protection" class="extiw" title="en:Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection">Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E5%8D%AB%E7%94%9F%E4%B8%8E%E5%85%AC%E4%BC%97%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%8A%9E%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州卫生与公众服务办公室（页面不存在）">卫生与公众服务办公室</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Executive_Office_of_Health_and_Human_Services" class="extiw" title="en:Massachusetts Executive Office of Health and Human Services">Massachusetts Executive Office of Health and Human Services</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E4%BD%8F%E6%88%BF%E5%92%8C%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E5%8A%9E%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州住房和经济发展办公室（页面不存在）">住房和经济发展办公室</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Executive_Office_of_Housing_and_Economic_Development" class="extiw" title="en:Massachusetts Executive Office of Housing and Economic Development">Massachusetts Executive Office of Housing and Economic Development</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%92%8C%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E5%8A%9E%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州劳动和劳动力发展办公室（页面不存在）">劳动和劳动力发展办公室</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Executive_Office_of_Labor_and_Workforce_Development" class="extiw" title="en:Massachusetts Executive Office of Labor and Workforce Development">Massachusetts Executive Office of Labor and Workforce Development</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7%E9%83%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州心理健康部（页面不存在）">心理健康部</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Department_of_Mental_Health" class="extiw" title="en:Massachusetts Department of Mental Health">Massachusetts Department of Mental Health</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%8D%AB%E7%94%9F%E9%83%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州公共卫生部（页面不存在）">公共卫生部</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Department_of_Public_Health" class="extiw" title="en:Massachusetts Department of Public Health">Massachusetts Department of Public Health</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%92%8C%E5%AE%89%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%9E%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州公共安全和安保办公室（页面不存在）">公共安全和安保办公室</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Executive_Office_of_Public_Safety_and_Security" class="extiw" title="en:Massachusetts Executive Office of Public Safety and Security">Massachusetts Executive Office of Public Safety and Security</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%8B%E4%B8%9A%E9%83%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州公共事业部（页面不存在）">公共事业部</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Department_of_Public_Utilities" class="extiw" title="en:Massachusetts Department of Public Utilities">Massachusetts Department of Public Utilities</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E7%9C%81%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%E5%BB%B3" title="麻省運輸廳">交通部</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E9%9D%92%E5%B9%B4%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E9%83%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州青年服务部（页面不存在）">青年服务部</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Department_of_Youth_Services" class="extiw" title="en:Massachusetts Department of Youth Services">Massachusetts Department of Youth Services</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#15317E; color:white;;width:1%">司法</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A1%BF%E5%B8%82%E6%94%BF%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波士顿市政法院（页面不存在）">波士顿市政法院</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Municipal_Court" class="extiw" title="en:Boston Municipal Court">Boston Municipal Court</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州地方法院（页面不存在）">地方法院</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_District_Court" class="extiw" title="en:Massachusetts District Court">Massachusetts District Court</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E9%AB%98%E7%BA%A7%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州高级法院（页面不存在）">高级法院</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Superior_Court" class="extiw" title="en:Massachusetts Superior Court">Massachusetts Superior Court</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州土地法院（页面不存在）">土地法庭</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Land_Court" class="extiw" title="en:Massachusetts Land Court">Massachusetts Land Court</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E5%B0%91%E5%B9%B4%E6%B3%95%E5%BA%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州少年法庭（页面不存在）">少年法庭</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Juvenile_Court" class="extiw" title="en:Massachusetts Juvenile Court">Massachusetts Juvenile Court</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E6%88%BF%E5%B1%8B%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州房屋法院（页面不存在）">房屋法院</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Housing_Court" class="extiw" title="en:Massachusetts Housing Court">Massachusetts Housing Court</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E9%81%97%E5%98%B1%E8%AE%A4%E8%AF%81%E5%92%8C%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%AD%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州遗嘱认证和家庭法院（页面不存在）">马萨诸塞州遗嘱认证和家庭法院</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Probate_and_Family_Court" class="extiw" title="en:Massachusetts Probate and Family Court">Massachusetts Probate and Family Court</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E4%B8%8A%E8%AF%89%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州上诉法院（页面不存在）">上诉法院</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Appeals_Court" class="extiw" title="en:Massachusetts Appeals Court">Massachusetts Appeals Court</a>） (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E4%B8%8A%E8%BF%B0%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%98%E5%90%8D%E5%8D%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州上述法院法官名单（页面不存在）">法官</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Judges_of_the_Massachusetts_Appeals_Court" class="extiw" title="en:List of Judges of the Massachusetts Appeals Court">List of Judges of the Massachusetts Appeals Court</a>）)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州最高司法法院（页面不存在）">最高司法法院</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Supreme_Judicial_Court" class="extiw" title="en:Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court">Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#15317E; color:white;;width:1%">独立机构</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86%E4%B8%93%E5%91%98%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州图书馆专员委员会（页面不存在）">图书馆专员委员会</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Board_of_Library_Commissioners" class="extiw" title="en:Massachusetts Board of Library Commissioners">Massachusetts Board of Library Commissioners</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E5%8F%8D%E6%AD%A7%E8%A7%86%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州反歧视委员会（页面不存在）">反歧视委员会</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commission_Against_Discrimination_(Massachusetts)" class="extiw" title="en:Commission Against Discrimination (Massachusetts)">Commission Against Discrimination (Massachusetts)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E5%A6%87%E5%A5%B3%E5%9C%B0%E4%BD%8D%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州妇女地位委员会（页面不存在）">妇女地位委员会</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commission_on_the_Status_of_Women_(Massachusetts)" class="extiw" title="en:Commission on the Status of Women (Massachusetts)">Commission on the Status of Women (Massachusetts)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E6%AE%8B%E7%96%BE%E4%BA%BA%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州残疾人保护协会（页面不存在）">残疾人保护协会</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disabled_Persons_Protection_Commission_(Massachusetts)" class="extiw" title="en:Disabled Persons Protection Commission (Massachusetts)">Disabled Persons Protection Commission (Massachusetts)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E4%B8%8A%E8%AF%89%E7%A8%8E%E5%8A%A1%E5%B1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州上诉税务局（页面不存在）">上诉税务局</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Appellate_Tax_Board" class="extiw" title="en:Massachusetts Appellate Tax Board">Massachusetts Appellate Tax Board</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E6%A3%80%E5%AF%9F%E5%AE%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州地区检察官（页面不存在）">地区检察官</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_District_Attorneys" class="extiw" title="en:Massachusetts District Attorneys">Massachusetts District Attorneys</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E7%9B%91%E5%AF%9F%E9%95%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州监察长（页面不存在）">监察长</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Inspector_General" class="extiw" title="en:Massachusetts Inspector General">Massachusetts Inspector General</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%92%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E5%8A%9E%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州运动和政治金融办公室（页面不存在）">运动和政治金融办公室</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_Campaign_and_Political_Finance_(Massachusetts)" class="extiw" title="en:Office of Campaign and Political Finance (Massachusetts)">Office of Campaign and Political Finance (Massachusetts)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E5%AE%A1%E8%AE%A1%E9%95%BF%E5%8A%9E%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州审计长办公室（页面不存在）">审计长办公室</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_the_Comptroller_(Massachusetts)" class="extiw" title="en:Office of the Comptroller (Massachusetts)">Office of the Comptroller (Massachusetts)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E8%AD%A6%E9%95%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州警长（页面不存在）">警长</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Sheriffs" class="extiw" title="en:Massachusetts Sheriffs">Massachusetts Sheriffs</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E4%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州伦理委员会（页面不存在）">国家伦理委员会</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Ethics_Commission_(Massachusetts)" class="extiw" title="en:State Ethics Commission (Massachusetts)">State Ethics Commission (Massachusetts)</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#15317E; color:white;;width:1%">法律</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州宪法（页面不存在）">宪法</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Massachusetts" class="extiw" title="en:Constitution of Massachusetts">Constitution of Massachusetts</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州通用法律（页面不存在）">通用法律</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Laws_of_Massachusetts" class="extiw" title="en:General Laws of Massachusetts">General Laws of Massachusetts</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E6%B3%95%E8%A7%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州法规（页面不存在）">法规</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_of_Massachusetts_Regulations" class="extiw" title="en:Code of Massachusetts Regulations">Code of Massachusetts Regulations</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E9%85%92%E7%B2%BE%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州酒精法（页面不存在）">酒</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_laws_of_Massachusetts" class="extiw" title="en:Alcohol laws of Massachusetts">Alcohol laws of Massachusetts</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E5%A4%A7%E9%BA%BB%E4%B8%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州大麻业（页面不存在）">大麻</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_Massachusetts" class="extiw" title="en:Cannabis in Massachusetts">Cannabis in Massachusetts</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E6%AD%BB%E5%88%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州死刑（页面不存在）">死刑</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Massachusetts" class="extiw" title="en:Capital punishment in Massachusetts">Capital punishment in Massachusetts</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E7%8A%AF%E7%BD%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州犯罪（页面不存在）">犯罪</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crime_in_Massachusetts" class="extiw" title="en:Crime in Massachusetts">Crime in Massachusetts</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E8%80%81%E5%B9%B4%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州老年法（页面不存在）">老年法</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elder_law_(Massachusetts)" class="extiw" title="en:Elder law (Massachusetts)">Elder law (Massachusetts)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E8%B5%8C%E5%8D%9A%E4%B8%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州赌博业（页面不存在）">赌博</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gambling_in_Massachusetts" class="extiw" title="en:Gambling in Massachusetts">Gambling in Massachusetts</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E6%9E%AA%E6%94%AF%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州枪支法（页面不存在）">枪支法</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gun_laws_in_Massachusetts" class="extiw" title="en:Gun laws in Massachusetts">Gun laws in Massachusetts</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9ELGBT%E6%9D%83%E7%9B%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州LGBT权益（页面不存在）">LGBT权益</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Massachusetts" class="extiw" title="en:LGBT rights in Massachusetts">LGBT rights in Massachusetts</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E7%A8%8E%E6%94%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马萨诸塞州税收（页面不存在）">税收</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxation_in_Massachusetts" class="extiw" title="en:Taxation in Massachusetts">Taxation in Massachusetts</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="class=notpageimage&#124;23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_十三殖民地" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="Template:十三殖民地"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:十三殖民地（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:十三殖民地"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="class=notpageimage&#124;23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_十三殖民地" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Red_Ensign_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%2C_square_canton%29.svg/23px-Red_Ensign_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%2C_square_canton%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Red_Ensign_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%2C_square_canton%29.svg/35px-Red_Ensign_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%2C_square_canton%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Red_Ensign_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%2C_square_canton%29.svg/45px-Red_Ensign_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%2C_square_canton%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1458" data-file-height="972" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="十三殖民地">十三殖民地</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;font-weight:bold;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新英格蘭殖民地（页面不存在）">新英格蘭殖民地</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_England_Colonies" class="extiw" title="en:New England Colonies">New England Colonies</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中部殖民地（页面不存在）">中部殖民地</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Colonies" class="extiw" title="en:Middle Colonies">Middle Colonies</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%87%E8%96%A9%E7%9A%AE%E5%85%8B%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="切薩皮克殖民地（页面不存在）">切薩皮克殖民地</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chesapeake_Colonies" class="extiw" title="en:Chesapeake Colonies">Chesapeake Colonies</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%85%99%E8%8D%89%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="煙草殖民地（页面不存在）">煙草殖民地</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco_Colonies" class="extiw" title="en:Tobacco Colonies">Tobacco Colonies</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E6%96%B9%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="南方殖民地（页面不存在）">南方殖民地</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Colonies" class="extiw" title="en:Southern Colonies">Southern Colonies</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;border-bottom:1px #ccc solid"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E6%B6%85%E7%8B%84%E6%A0%BC%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="康涅狄格殖民地">康涅狄格殖民地</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E8%8F%AF%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="特拉華殖民地">特拉華殖民地</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%90%E6%B2%BB%E4%BA%9E%E7%9C%81" title="佐治亞省">佐治亞省</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C%E5%85%B0%E7%9C%81" title="马里兰省">馬里蘭省</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E6%B9%BE%E7%9C%81" title="马萨诸塞湾省">麻薩諸塞灣省</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%BD%95%E5%B8%83%E4%BB%80%E7%88%BE%E7%9C%81" title="新罕布什爾省">新罕布什爾省</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%B3%BD%E8%A5%BF%E7%9C%81" title="新泽西省">新澤西省</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6%E7%9C%81" title="纽约省">紐約省</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%8D%A1%E7%BD%97%E6%9D%A5%E7%BA%B3%E7%9C%81" title="北卡罗来纳省">北卡罗来纳省</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%BE%E5%A4%95%E6%B3%95%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E7%9C%81" title="宾夕法尼亚省">賓夕法尼亞省</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E5%BE%B7%E5%B3%B6%E5%8F%8A%E6%99%AE%E7%BE%85%E7%B6%AD%E7%99%BB%E6%96%AF%E8%8E%8A%E5%9C%92%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="羅德島及普羅維登斯莊園殖民地">羅德島及普羅維登斯莊園殖民地</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%8D%A1%E7%BE%85%E8%90%8A%E7%B4%8D%E7%9C%81" title="南卡羅萊納省">南卡羅萊納省</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E5%90%89%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="弗吉尼亚殖民地">弗吉尼亚殖民地</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;font-weight:bold;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>早期英國殖民實體</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%BE%85%E8%90%8A%E7%B4%8D%E7%9C%81" title="卡羅萊納省">卡羅萊納省</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%AC%E5%9B%A0%E7%9C%81" title="緬因省">緬因省</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E7%81%A3%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="馬薩諸塞灣殖民地">馬薩諸塞灣殖民地</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E9%A0%98" title="新英格蘭自治領">新英格蘭自治領</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%90%E9%BB%91%E6%96%87%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="紐黑文殖民地">紐黑文殖民地</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E8%8C%85%E6%96%AF%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="普利茅斯殖民地">普利茅斯殖民地</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%9E%E5%B8%83%E9%AD%AF%E5%85%8B%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="塞布魯克殖民地（页面不存在）">塞布魯克殖民地</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saybrook_Colony" class="extiw" title="en:Saybrook Colony">Saybrook Colony</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/24px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/32px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="Category:十三殖民地">分類</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="美國行政區劃" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" title="Template:美国行政区划"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" title="Template talk:美国行政区划"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:美国行政区划"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="美國行政區劃" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E5%8A%83" title="美國行政區劃">美國行政區劃</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%B7%9E%E4%BB%BD%E5%92%8C%E9%A0%98%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="美國州份和領地列表">美國州份和領地列表</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%B7%9E%E4%BB%BD" title="美国州份">州</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E6%8B%89%E5%B7%B4%E9%A9%AC%E5%B7%9E" title="亚拉巴马州">阿拉巴馬</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%9E" title="阿拉斯加州">阿拉斯加</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E5%88%A9%E6%A1%91%E9%82%A3%E5%B7%9E" title="亞利桑那州">亞利桑那</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%82%AF%E8%89%B2%E5%B7%9E" title="阿肯色州">阿肯色</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E7%A6%8F%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%B7%9E" title="加利福尼亚州">加利福尼亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%BE%85%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%9A%E5%B7%9E" title="科羅拉多州">科羅拉多</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E4%B9%83%E7%8B%84%E5%85%8B%E5%B7%9E" title="康乃狄克州">康乃狄克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E5%8D%8E%E5%B7%9E" title="特拉华州">德拉瓦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E7%BD%97%E9%87%8C%E8%BE%BE%E5%B7%9E" title="佛罗里达州">佛羅里達</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%E4%BA%9E%E5%B7%9E" title="喬治亞州">佐治亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%A8%81%E5%A4%B7%E5%B7%9E" title="夏威夷州">夏威夷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E8%BE%BE%E8%8D%B7%E5%B7%9E" title="爱达荷州">愛達荷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%BA%E4%BC%8A%E5%B7%9E" title="伊利诺伊州">伊利諾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E7%AC%AC%E5%AE%89%E7%BA%B3%E5%B7%9E" title="印第安纳州">印第安納</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E5%A5%A5%E7%93%A6%E5%B7%9E" title="艾奥瓦州">愛荷華</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%AA%E8%96%A9%E6%96%AF%E5%B7%9E" title="堪薩斯州">堪薩斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%AF%E5%A1%94%E5%9F%BA%E5%B7%9E" title="肯塔基州">肯塔基</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E6%96%AF%E5%AE%89%E9%82%A3%E5%B7%9E" title="路易斯安那州">路易斯安那</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%85%E5%9B%A0%E5%B7%9E" title="缅因州">緬因</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C%E5%85%B0%E5%B7%9E" title="马里兰州">馬里蘭</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">麻薩諸塞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%B9%E5%B7%9E" title="密西根州">密西根</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%B0%BC%E8%98%87%E9%81%94%E5%B7%9E" title="明尼蘇達州">明尼蘇達</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E8%A5%BF%E8%A5%BF%E6%AF%94%E5%B7%9E" title="密西西比州">密西西比</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E8%98%87%E9%87%8C%E5%B7%9E" title="密蘇里州">密蘇里</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%A4%A7%E6%8B%BF%E5%B7%9E" title="蒙大拿州">蒙大拿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%9E" title="內布拉斯加州">內布拉斯加</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E5%8D%8E%E8%BE%BE%E5%B7%9E" title="内华达州">內華達</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%BD%95%E5%B8%83%E4%BB%80%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%9E" title="新罕布什尔州">新罕布夏</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%B3%BD%E8%A5%BF%E5%B7%9E" title="新泽西州">紐澤西</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5%E5%B7%9E" title="新墨西哥州">新墨西哥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6%E5%B7%9E" title="纽约州">紐約</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%8D%A1%E7%BD%97%E6%9D%A5%E7%BA%B3%E5%B7%9E" title="北卡罗来纳州">北卡羅萊納</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E8%BE%BE%E7%A7%91%E4%BB%96%E5%B7%9E" title="北达科他州">北達科他</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E4%BA%A5%E4%BF%84%E5%B7%9E" title="俄亥俄州">俄亥俄</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E8%8D%B7%E9%A6%AC%E5%B7%9E" title="奧克拉荷馬州">奧克拉荷馬</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E5%8B%92%E5%86%88%E5%B7%9E" title="俄勒冈州">奧勒岡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%BE%E5%A4%95%E6%B3%95%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%B7%9E" title="宾夕法尼亚州">賓夕法尼亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E5%BE%B7%E5%B3%B6%E5%B7%9E" title="羅德島州">羅德島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%8D%A1%E7%BD%97%E6%9D%A5%E7%BA%B3%E5%B7%9E" title="南卡罗来纳州">南卡羅萊納</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E8%BE%BE%E7%A7%91%E4%BB%96%E5%B7%9E" title="南达科他州">南達科他</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B0%E7%BA%B3%E8%A5%BF%E5%B7%9E" title="田纳西州">田納西</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%90%A8%E6%96%AF%E5%B7%9E" title="德克萨斯州">德克薩斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E4%BB%96%E5%B7%9E" title="犹他州">猶他</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%B7%9E" title="佛蒙特州">佛蒙特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E5%90%89%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%B7%9E" title="弗吉尼亚州">維吉尼亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E7%9B%9B%E9%A1%BF%E5%B7%9E" title="华盛顿州">華盛頓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%B6%AD%E5%90%89%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%B7%9E" title="西維吉尼亞州">西維吉尼亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E6%96%AF%E5%BA%B7%E8%BE%9B%E5%B7%9E" title="威斯康辛州">威斯康辛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%80%E4%BF%84%E6%98%8E%E5%B7%9E" title="怀俄明州">懷俄明</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" title="聯邦地區">聯邦地區</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E7%9B%9B%E9%A1%BF%E5%93%A5%E4%BC%A6%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A%E7%89%B9%E5%8C%BA" title="华盛顿哥伦比亚特区">哥倫比亞</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E9%A2%86%E5%9C%B0" title="美国领地">領地</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B3%B6%E5%B6%BC%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" title="島嶼地區">島嶼地區</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%B1%AC%E8%96%A9%E6%91%A9%E4%BA%9E" title="美屬薩摩亞">美屬薩摩亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%9C%E5%B3%B6" title="關島">關島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E7%BA%B3%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="北马里亚纳群岛">北马里亚纳群岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%A4%9A%E9%BB%8E%E5%90%84" title="波多黎各">波多黎各</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%B1%AC%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E4%BA%AC%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="美屬維爾京群島">美屬維爾京群島</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%9F%E5%A4%96%E5%B0%8F%E5%B2%9B%E5%B1%BF" title="美国本土外小岛屿">離島地區</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%9D%E5%85%8B%E5%B3%B6" title="貝克島">貝克島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%AA%E8%98%AD%E5%B3%B6" title="豪蘭島">豪蘭島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%88%E7%B6%AD%E6%96%AF%E5%B3%B6" title="賈維斯島">賈維斯島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%E6%96%AF%E9%A1%BF%E7%8E%AF%E7%A4%81" title="约翰斯顿环礁">约翰斯顿环礁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%9B%BC%E7%A4%81" title="金曼礁">金曼礁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%80%94%E5%B3%B6" title="中途島">中途島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E5%BC%97%E6%B2%99%E5%B3%B6" title="納弗沙島">納弗沙島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E9%82%81%E6%8B%89%E7%92%B0%E7%A4%81" title="帕邁拉環礁">帕邁拉環礁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%85%8B%E5%B3%B6" title="威克島">威克島</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相關條目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E7%AC%AC%E5%AE%89%E4%BF%9D%E7%95%99%E5%9C%B0" title="印第安保留地">印第安保留地</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%8D%B0%E7%AC%AC%E5%AE%89%E4%BF%9D%E7%95%99%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美國印第安保留地列表（页面不存在）">列表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Indian_reservations_in_the_United_States" class="extiw" title="en:List of Indian reservations in the United States">List of Indian reservations in the United States</a>）</li></ul></li> <li>邦 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%A6_(%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%B7%9E%E4%BB%BD)" title="邦 (美國州份)">州</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%82%A6_(%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E9%A0%98%E5%9C%B0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="邦 (美國領地)（页面不存在）">領地</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_(U.S._insular_area)" class="extiw" title="en:Commonwealth (U.S. insular area)">Commonwealth (U.S. insular area)</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E9%A3%9B%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聯邦飛地（页面不存在）">聯邦飛地</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_enclave" class="extiw" title="en:Federal enclave">Federal enclave</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX452359">西班牙</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11941588j">法国</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11941588j">BnF data</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058514846206706">加泰罗尼亚</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4037858-5">德国</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007552531405171">以色列</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79007084">美国</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00629272">日本</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge129979&CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35333005">澳大利亚</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000697680&local_base=nsk10">克罗地亚</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">地理</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/05f68b4c-10f3-49b5-b28c-260a1b707043">MusicBrainz area</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">学术</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div 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</div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-jqmcq","wgBackendResponseTime":267,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"5.594","walltime":"6.538","ppvisitednodes":{"value":38473,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":1477371,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":64262,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":29,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":174,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":671625,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 5455.684 1 -total"," 45.98% 2508.384 1 Template:Reflist"," 28.42% 1550.334 341 Template:Cite_web"," 12.74% 694.977 4 Template:Navbox"," 8.07% 440.496 1 Template:马萨诸塞州州政府"," 7.56% 412.597 55 Template:Tsl"," 7.18% 391.941 3 Template:Infobox"," 6.94% 378.738 1 Template:Infobox_U.S._state"," 6.86% 374.321 1 Template:Infobox_settlement"," 5.13% 279.699 49 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[\"CITEREFFermino2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFinucane\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrank2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGianoulis2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoldfieldAbbottAndersonArgersinger1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGordon2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHass2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHerman2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHickey\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoxie1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHudak\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIrwinNagy\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJ._Pomante_IILi2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJane_Walsh2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJones1879\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaiser_Family_Foundation2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaiser_Family_Foundation2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKannyNaimiLiuLu2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaplow2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKemp2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKoplow2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKush\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeddy2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeip,_David\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLelund_Cheung\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLemmon\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevenson2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevy1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarrCathey2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartin2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCammond\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCullough2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMichael_Lipka_and_Benjamin_Wormald2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiller\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMishra2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMontgomeryWhite2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMulti-Community_Environmental_Storm_Observatory2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMurrin2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNagyIrwin2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNational_Center_for_Chronic_Disease_Prevention_and_Health_Promotion,_Division_of_Population_Health2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNational_Center_for_Health_Statistics2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNeal1747\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNixon2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPacker2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPageLawrence2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeckScherer1964\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPellegrino2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPerley2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPombo\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRace2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRamírez2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRettig1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRichard_Wolf2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRicklefs2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRimerFinder2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRomo2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchoenberg2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchwarz2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchweitzer2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScotti\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShoichet2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSiddiquiEllementFinucane2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSimón_Rios2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSokolow1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStaff2023\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFStocker2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTamar_Lewin2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTheoharidesPolitoBaker\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThomas\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTom_Keane2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTooker1904\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUnited_States_Department_of_Commerce_._International_Trade_Administration_._Enforcement_and_Compliance\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVennochi2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWood2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFmaster\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREF徐繼畬1849\"] = 1,\n [\"June_3,_2012\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 25,\n [\"-\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Bartable\"] = 14,\n 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