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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pre-Civil_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-Civil_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Pre-Civil War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-Civil_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Business" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Business"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Business</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Business-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Civil_War_to_1900" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civil_War_to_1900"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Civil War to 1900</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civil_War_to_1900-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Utopia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utopia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Utopia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utopia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1908_race_riot" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1908_race_riot"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>1908 race riot</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1908_race_riot-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>21st century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Topography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Topography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Topography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Topography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cityscape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cityscape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Cityscape</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cityscape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2020_census" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020_census"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>2020 census</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020_census-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Largest_employers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Largest_employers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Largest employers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Largest_employers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arts_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Arts and culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Arts_and_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Arts and culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Arts_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Literary_tradition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literary_tradition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Literary tradition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literary_tradition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Performing_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Performing_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Performing arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Performing_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Festivals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sports-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sports subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Parks_and_recreation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks_and_recreation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Parks and recreation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks_and_recreation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Members" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Members"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Members</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Members-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-State_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>State government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Townships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Townships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Townships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Townships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Law_enforcement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law_enforcement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Law enforcement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Law_enforcement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Media-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Media subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Television_stations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television_stations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Television stations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television_stations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radio_stations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio_stations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Radio stations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio_stations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Infrastructure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Infrastructure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Health_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Health systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_utilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_utilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Public utilities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_utilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Springfield, Illinois</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 123 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-123" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">123 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Springfield, Illinois" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B5%E1%8D%95%E1%88%AA%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%8D%8A%E1%88%8D%E1%8B%B5%E1%8D%A3_%E1%8A%A2%E1%88%8A%E1%8A%96%E1%8B%AD" title="ስፕሪንግፊልድ፣ ኢሊኖይ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ስፕሪንግፊልድ፣ ኢሊኖይ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spryngfeld_(Illinoise)" title="Spryngfeld (Illinoise) – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Spryngfeld (Illinoise)" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%BA%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%AF_(%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A)" title="سبرينغفيلد (إلينوي) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سبرينغفيلد (إلينوي)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Illinois)" title="Springfield (Illinois) – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Springfield (Illinois)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Illinois)" title="Springfield (Illinois) – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Springfield (Illinois)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Illinois)" title="Springfield (Illinois) – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Springfield (Illinois)" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprinqfild_(%C4%B0llinoys)" title="Sprinqfild (İllinoys) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sprinqfild (İllinoys)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%82%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C" title="اسپرینقفیلد، ایلینوی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اسپرینقفیلد، ایلینوی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1,_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC" title="স্প্রিংফিল্ড, ইলিনয় – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্প্রিংফিল্ড, ইলিনয়" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Illinois)" title="Springfield (Illinois) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Springfield (Illinois)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B4_(%D0%86%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81)" title="Спрынгфілд (Ілінойс) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Спрынгфілд (Ілінойс)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Springfield, Illinois" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B4_(%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81)" title="Спрингфийлд (Илинойс) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Спрингфийлд (Илинойс)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Illinois)" title="Springfield (Illinois) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Springfield (Illinois)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Illinois)" title="Springfield (Illinois) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Springfield (Illinois)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Illinois)" title="Springfield (Illinois) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Springfield (Illinois)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4_(%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81)" title="Спрингфилд (Иллинойс) – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Спрингфилд (Иллинойс)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(kapital_sa_estado)" title="Springfield (kapital sa estado) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Springfield (kapital sa estado)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Illinois)" title="Springfield (Illinois) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Springfield (Illinois)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Illinois)" title="Springfield (Illinois) – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Springfield (Illinois)" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Springfield, Illinois" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield" title="Springfield – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Springfield" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Illinois)" title="Springfield (Illinois) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Springfield (Illinois)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Springfield, Illinois" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Illinois)" title="Springfield (Illinois) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Springfield (Illinois)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tooh_Siy%C3%ADn%C3%AD_Bib%C4%85%C4%85h" title="Tooh Siyíní Bibąąh – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tooh Siyíní Bibąąh" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield" title="Springfield – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Springfield" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%80%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%86%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%BD%CF%84_(%CE%99%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%8C%CE%B9%CF%82)" title="Σπρίνγκφιλντ (Ιλινόις) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σπρίνγκφιλντ (Ιλινόις)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Illinois)" title="Springfield (Illinois) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Springfield (Illinois)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Ilinojso)" title="Springfield (Ilinojso) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Springfield (Ilinojso)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Illinois)" title="Springfield (Illinois) – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Springfield (Illinois)" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Illinois)" title="Springfield (Illinois) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Springfield (Illinois)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C" title="اسپرینگفیلد، ایلینوی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسپرینگفیلد، ایلینوی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield" title="Springfield – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Springfield" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Illinois)" title="Springfield (Illinois) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Springfield (Illinois)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Illinois)" title="Springfield (Illinois) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Springfield (Illinois)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Springfield, Illinois" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Springfield, Illinois" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Springfield, Illinois" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%AF%E2%80%8C%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%AF_(%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A4%DB%8C)" title="اسپرينگ‌فيلد (ايلينؤی) – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="اسپرينگ‌فيلد (ايلينؤی)" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8D%86%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B8" title="𐍃𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌸 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍃𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌸" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%94%84%EB%A7%81%ED%95%84%EB%93%9C_(%EC%9D%BC%EB%A6%AC%EB%85%B8%EC%9D%B4%EC%A3%BC)" title="스프링필드 (일리노이주) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스프링필드 (일리노이주)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepilepila" title="Kepilepila – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kepilepila" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D6%83%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A3%D6%86%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%A4_(%D4%BB%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%B8%D5%B5%D5%BD)" title="Սփրինգֆիլդ (Իլինոյս) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սփրինգֆիլդ (Իլինոյս)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Springfield, Illinois" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Springfield, Illinois" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Springfield, Illinois" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Springfield, Illinois" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Illinois)" title="Springfield (Illinois) – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Springfield (Illinois)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Illinois)" title="Springfield (Illinois) – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Springfield (Illinois)" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4_(%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81)" title="Спрингфилд (Иллинойс) – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Спрингфилд (Иллинойс)" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Illinois)" title="Springfield (Illinois) – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Springfield (Illinois)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Illinois)" title="Springfield (Illinois) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Springfield (Illinois)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%93_(%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%99)" title="ספרינגפילד (אילינוי) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ספרינגפילד (אילינוי)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Springfield, Illinois" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Springfield, Illinois" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Springfield, Illinois" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield,_Ilinwa" title="Springfield, Ilinwa – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Springfield, Ilinwa" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield" title="Springfield – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Springfield" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4_(%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81)" title="Спрингфилд (Иллинойс) – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Спрингфилд (Иллинойс)" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Illinois)" title="Springfield (Illinois) – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Springfield (Illinois)" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campifons_(Illinoesia)" title="Campifons (Illinoesia) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Campifons (Illinoesia)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springf%C4%ABlda_(Ilinoisa)" title="Springfīlda (Ilinoisa) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Springfīlda (Ilinoisa)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfildas_(Ilinojus)" title="Springfildas (Ilinojus) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Springfildas (Ilinojus)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Illinois)" title="Springfield (Illinois) – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Springfield (Illinois)" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Springfield, Illinois" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Illinois)" title="Springfield (Illinois) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Springfield (Illinois)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4_(%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81)" title="Спрингфилд (Илиноис) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Спрингфилд (Илиноис)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Springfield, Illinois" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%80%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D,_%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF" title="സ്പ്രിംഗ്ഫീൽഡ്, ഇല്ലിനോയി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സ്പ്രിംഗ്ഫീൽഡ്, ഇല്ലിനോയി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_(%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AF)" title="स्प्रिंगफील्ड (इलिनॉय) – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="स्प्रिंगफील्ड (इलिनॉय)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%AF_(%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%D9%89)" title="سبرينجفيلد (ايلينوى) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سبرينجفيلد (ايلينوى)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%AF_(%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C)" title="اسپرینگفیلد (ایلینوی) – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اسپرینگفیلد (ایلینوی)" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Springfield, Illinois" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Illinois)" title="Springfield (Illinois) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Springfield (Illinois)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6,_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%87" title="स्प्रिङ्गफिल्द, इलिनोइ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="स्प्रिङ्गफिल्द, इलिनोइ" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%97%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%89_(%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AA%E3%83%8E%E3%82%A4%E5%B7%9E)" title="スプリングフィールド (イリノイ州) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スプリングフィールド (イリノイ州)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Illinois)" title="Springfield (Illinois) – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Springfield (Illinois)" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4_(%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81)" title="Спрингфилд (Иллинойс) – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Спрингфилд (Иллинойс)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Illinois)" title="Springfield (Illinois) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Springfield (Illinois)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_i_Illinois" title="Springfield i Illinois – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Springfield i Illinois" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Illinois)" title="Springfield (Illinois) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Springfield (Illinois)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="स्प्रिंगफिल्ड – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="स्प्रिंगफिल्ड" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DA%88" title="سپرنگفیلڈ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سپرنگفیلڈ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Illinois)" title="Springfield (Illinois) – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Springfield (Illinois)" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Illinois)" title="Springfield (Illinois) – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Springfield (Illinois)" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Illinois)" title="Springfield (Illinois) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Springfield (Illinois)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Illinois)" title="Springfield (Illinois) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Springfield (Illinois)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Springfield, Illinois" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Illinois)" title="Springfield (Illinois) – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Springfield (Illinois)" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4_(%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81)" title="Спрингфилд (Иллинойс) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Спрингфилд (Иллинойс)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4" title="Спрингфиелд – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Спрингфиелд" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D" title="स्प्रिंग्फील्ड् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="स्प्रिंग्फील्ड्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Illinois)" title="Springfield (Illinois) – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Springfield (Illinois)" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield" title="Springfield – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Springfield" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Illinois)" title="Springfield (Illinois) – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Springfield (Illinois)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Springfield, Illinois" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Illinois)" title="Springfield (Illinois) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Springfield (Illinois)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%81%DB%8C%DA%B5%D8%AF%D8%8C_%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%86%DB%8C" title="سپرینگفیڵد، ئیلینۆی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سپرینگفیڵد، ئیلینۆی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4_(%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81)" title="Спрингфилд (Илиноис) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Спрингфилд (Илиноис)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Springfield, Illinois" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Illinois)" title="Springfield (Illinois) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Springfield (Illinois)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Springfield, Illinois" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Springfield, Illinois" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%83%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D)" title="இசுப்பிரிங்ஃபீல்ட் (இலினொய்) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இசுப்பிரிங்ஃபீல்ட் (இலினொய்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4_(%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81)" title="Спрингфилд (Иллинойс) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Спрингфилд (Иллинойс)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C_(%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2)" title="สปริงฟีลด์ (รัฐอิลลินอย) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สปริงฟีลด์ (รัฐอิลลินอย)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Springfield, Illinois" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B4_(%D0%86%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81)" title="Спрингфілд (Іллінойс) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Спрингфілд (Іллінойс)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%86%DA%AF_%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DA%88%D8%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92" title="اسپرنگ فیلڈ، الینوائے – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اسپرنگ فیلڈ، الینوائے" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Illinois)" title="Springfield (Illinois) – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Springfield (Illinois)" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Springfield, Illinois" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Illinois)" title="Springfield (Illinois) – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Springfield (Illinois)" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Springfield, Illinois" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%99%AE%E6%9E%97%E8%8F%B2%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%EF%BC%88%E4%BC%8A%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%BA%E4%BC%8A%E5%B7%9E%EF%BC%89" title="斯普林菲尔德（伊利诺伊州） – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="斯普林菲尔德（伊利诺伊州）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%93,_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%99" title="ספרינגפילד, אילינוי – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ספרינגפילד, אילינוי" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E7%94%B0_(%E4%BC%8A%E5%88%A9%E8%AB%BE%E5%B7%9E)" title="春田 (伊利諾州) – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="春田 (伊利諾州)" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Springfield, Illinois" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfilds" title="Springfilds – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Springfilds" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%99%AE%E6%9E%97%E8%8F%B2%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7_(%E4%BC%8A%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%BA%E4%BC%8A%E5%B7%9E)" title="斯普林菲尔德 (伊利诺伊州) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="斯普林菲尔德 (伊利诺伊州)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Illinois)" title="Springfield (Illinois) – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Springfield (Illinois)" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfild_(Illinojs)" title="Springfild (Illinojs) – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Springfild (Illinojs)" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Springfield,_Illinois&params=39_47_51_N_89_38_42_W_type:city_region:US-IL"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">39°47′51″N</span> <span class="longitude">89°38′42″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">39.79750°N 89.64500°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">39.79750; -89.64500</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital city of Illinois, United States</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital city in Illinois, United States</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Springfield, Illinois</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">Capital city</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style="height:208px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Illinois_State_Capitol_distance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Illinois_State_Capitol_distance.jpg/288px-Illinois_State_Capitol_distance.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Illinois_State_Capitol_distance.jpg/432px-Illinois_State_Capitol_distance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Illinois_State_Capitol_distance.jpg/576px-Illinois_State_Capitol_distance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3328" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Downtown Springfield and the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_State_Capitol" title="Illinois State Capitol">Illinois State Capitol</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div style="height:100px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lincoln_Home_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Lincoln_Home_1.jpg/150px-Lincoln_Home_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Lincoln_Home_1.jpg/225px-Lincoln_Home_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Lincoln_Home_1.jpg/300px-Lincoln_Home_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4368" data-file-height="2912" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Home_National_Historic_Site" title="Lincoln Home National Historic Site">Lincoln Home Site</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:136px;max-width:136px"><div style="height:100px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vachel_Lindsay_House_in_Springfield,_IL.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vachel_Lindsay_House_in_Springfield%2C_IL.jpg/134px-Vachel_Lindsay_House_in_Springfield%2C_IL.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vachel_Lindsay_House_in_Springfield%2C_IL.jpg/201px-Vachel_Lindsay_House_in_Springfield%2C_IL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vachel_Lindsay_House_in_Springfield%2C_IL.jpg/268px-Vachel_Lindsay_House_in_Springfield%2C_IL.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Vachel_Lindsay_House" title="Vachel Lindsay House">Vachel Lindsay House</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:120px;max-width:120px"><div style="height:118px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lincoln%27s_Tomb,_Springfield,_IL.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Lincoln%27s_Tomb%2C_Springfield%2C_IL.jpg/118px-Lincoln%27s_Tomb%2C_Springfield%2C_IL.jpg" decoding="async" width="118" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Lincoln%27s_Tomb%2C_Springfield%2C_IL.jpg/177px-Lincoln%27s_Tomb%2C_Springfield%2C_IL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Lincoln%27s_Tomb%2C_Springfield%2C_IL.jpg/236px-Lincoln%27s_Tomb%2C_Springfield%2C_IL.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln%27s_Tomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Abraham Lincoln's Tomb">Abraham Lincoln's Tomb</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:168px;max-width:168px"><div style="height:118px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OldStateCapitol051916a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/OldStateCapitol051916a.jpg/166px-OldStateCapitol051916a.jpg" decoding="async" width="166" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/OldStateCapitol051916a.jpg/249px-OldStateCapitol051916a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/OldStateCapitol051916a.jpg/332px-OldStateCapitol051916a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="515" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Old_State_Capitol_State_Historic_Site" title="Old State Capitol State Historic Site">Old State Capitol</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Springfield,_Illinois.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Springfield, Illinois"><img alt="Flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Springfield%2C_Illinois.svg/100px-Flag_of_Springfield%2C_Illinois.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Springfield%2C_Illinois.svg/150px-Flag_of_Springfield%2C_Illinois.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Springfield%2C_Illinois.svg/200px-Flag_of_Springfield%2C_Illinois.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="625" data-file-height="375" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Springfield,_Illinois" title="Flag of Springfield, Illinois">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Springfield_IL_Seal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Springfield, Illinois"><img alt="Seal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3e/Springfield_IL_Seal.svg/99px-Springfield_IL_Seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="99" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3e/Springfield_IL_Seal.svg/148px-Springfield_IL_Seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3e/Springfield_IL_Seal.svg/197px-Springfield_IL_Seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="314" data-file-height="318" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_Springfield,_Illinois" title="Seal of Springfield, Illinois">Seal</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">Home of President Abraham Lincoln<sup id="cite_ref-Springfield_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Springfield-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 290px; height: 290px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="290" data-height="290" data-zoom="10" data-lat="39.7975" data-lon="-89.645" data-overlays="["_2c0035216cbb9dcca78dfca2a35aaf39f3ff90b6"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/10/39.7975/-89.645/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,39.7975,-89.645,290x290.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Springfield%2C_Illinois&revid=1254115774&groups=_2c0035216cbb9dcca78dfca2a35aaf39f3ff90b6" width="290" height="290" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,39.7975,-89.645,290x290@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Springfield%2C_Illinois&revid=1254115774&groups=_2c0035216cbb9dcca78dfca2a35aaf39f3ff90b6 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Interactive map of Springfield</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_Illinois_relief_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Springfield is located in Illinois"><img alt="Springfield is located in Illinois" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/USA_Illinois_relief_location_map.svg/250px-USA_Illinois_relief_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/USA_Illinois_relief_location_map.svg/375px-USA_Illinois_relief_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/USA_Illinois_relief_location_map.svg/500px-USA_Illinois_relief_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="945" data-file-height="1250" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:49.195%;left:44.052%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Springfield"><img alt="Springfield" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Springfield</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Illinois</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Springfield is located in the United States"><img alt="Springfield is located in the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/250px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/375px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/500px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:44.885%;left:60.534%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Springfield"><img alt="Springfield" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Springfield</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of the United States</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Springfield,_Illinois&params=39_47_51_N_89_38_42_W_type:city_region:US-IL"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">39°47′51″N</span> <span class="longitude">89°38′42″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">39.79750°N 89.64500°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">39.79750; -89.64500</span></span></span></a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-gnis_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gnis-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">State</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Illinois" title="List of counties in Illinois">County</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sangamon_County,_Illinois" title="Sangamon County, Illinois">Sangamon</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Townships</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Capital_Township,_Sangamon_County,_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital Township, Sangamon County, Illinois">Capital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Springfield_Township,_Sangamon_County,_Illinois" title="Springfield Township, Sangamon County, Illinois">Springfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Woodside_Township,_Sangamon_County,_Illinois" title="Woodside Township, Sangamon County, Illinois">Woodside</a><sup id="cite_ref-portions_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-portions-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">April 10, 1821<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1821-04-10</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-Online-Springfield_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Online-Springfield-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Municipal_corporation" title="Municipal corporation">Incorporated Town</a></th><td class="infobox-data">April 2, 1832<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1832-04-02</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-Online-Springfield_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Online-Springfield-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Municipal_charter" title="Municipal charter">City Charter</a></th><td class="infobox-data">February 3, 1840<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1840-02-03</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mayor_council_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor council government">Mayor-Council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Springfield,_Illinois" title="List of mayors of Springfield, Illinois">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Misty_Buscher" title="Misty Buscher">Misty Buscher</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">R</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-CenPopGazetteer2020_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CenPopGazetteer2020-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">67.49 sq mi (174.79 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">61.16 sq mi (158.41 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Water</th><td class="infobox-data">6.33 sq mi (16.38 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">600 ft (183 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 United States Census">2020</a>)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">114,394</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,870.37/sq mi (722.16/km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%926" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−6">UTC−6</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_Time_Zone" title="Central Time Zone">CST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%925" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−5">UTC−5</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Daylight Time">CDT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ZIP_code" class="mw-redirect" title="ZIP code">ZIP codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none; padding: 0;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>ZIP codes<sup id="cite_ref-zip_code_1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zip_code_1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-zip_code_2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zip_code_2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; text-align:center;display:none"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">62701–62708, 62711, 62712, 62715, 62716, 62719, 62722, 62723, 62726, 62736, 62739, 62756, 62757, 62761–62767, 62769, 62776, 62777, 62781, 62786, 62791, 62794, 62796 </li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/North_American_Numbering_Plan" title="North American Numbering Plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Area_code_217" class="mw-redirect" title="Area code 217">217/447</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Information_Processing_Standards" title="Federal Information Processing Standards">FIPS code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">17-167-11046</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System">GNIS</a> feature ID</th><td class="infobox-data">2395940<sup id="cite_ref-gnis_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gnis-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.springfield.il.us/">www<wbr />.springfield<wbr />.il<wbr />.us</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Springfield</b> is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">capital city</a> of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a> and the <a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">seat</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sangamon_County,_Illinois" title="Sangamon County, Illinois">Sangamon County</a>. The city's population was 114,394 at the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 United States Census">2020 census</a>, which makes it the state's <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Illinois">seventh-most populous city</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-quickfacts_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quickfacts-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the second-most populous outside of the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_metropolitan_area" title="Chicago metropolitan area">Chicago metropolitan area</a> (after <a href="/wiki/Rockford,_Illinois" title="Rockford, Illinois">Rockford</a>), and the most populous in <a href="/wiki/Central_Illinois" title="Central Illinois">Central Illinois</a>. Approximately 208,000 residents live in the <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Springfield, Illinois metropolitan area">Springfield metropolitan area</a>, which consists of all of Sangamon and <a href="/wiki/Menard_County,_Illinois" title="Menard County, Illinois">Menard</a> counties.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Springfield lies in a plain near the <a href="/wiki/Sangamon_River" title="Sangamon River">Sangamon River</a> north of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Springfield" title="Lake Springfield">Lake Springfield</a>. The city is on historic <a href="/wiki/Route_66" class="mw-redirect" title="Route 66">Route 66</a>. </p><p>Springfield was settled by European-Americans in the late 1810s, around the time Illinois became a state. The most famous historic resident was <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a>, who lived in Springfield from 1837 until 1861, upon becoming <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a>. Major tourist attractions include multiple sites connected with Lincoln including the <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_Presidential_Library_and_Museum" title="Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum">Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Home_National_Historic_Site" title="Lincoln Home National Historic Site">Lincoln Home</a>, <a href="/wiki/Old_State_Capitol_State_Historic_Site" title="Old State Capitol State Historic Site">Old State Capitol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lincoln-Herndon_Law_Offices_State_Historic_Site" title="Lincoln-Herndon Law Offices State Historic Site">Lincoln-Herndon Law Offices</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Tomb" title="Lincoln Tomb">Lincoln Tomb</a>. Largely on the efforts of Lincoln and other area lawmakers, as well as its central location, Springfield was made the state capital in 1839. </p><p>As the state capital, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Illinois" title="Government of Illinois">government of Illinois</a> is based in Springfield. Springfield's economy is dominated by government agencies and adjacent firms that work with state and county governance, in addition to healthcare and medicine. State government institutions include the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_General_Assembly" title="Illinois General Assembly">Illinois General Assembly</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Illinois Supreme Court">Illinois Supreme Court</a>, the office of the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Illinois" title="Governor of Illinois">Governor of Illinois</a> and historic <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Governor%27s_Mansion" title="Illinois Governor's Mansion">Illinois Governor's Mansion</a>. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_Springfield" title="University of Illinois Springfield">University of Illinois Springfield</a> has its campus near Lake Springfield. Weather is fairly typical for middle-latitude locations, with four distinct seasons. The city has a <a href="/wiki/Mayor%E2%80%93council_government" title="Mayor–council government">mayor–council</a> form of government and governs the <a href="#Township">Capital Township</a>. <a href="/wiki/Public_school_(government_funded)" class="mw-redirect" title="Public school (government funded)">Public schools</a> in Springfield are operated by District No. 186. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Illinois&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-Civil_War">Pre-Civil War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Illinois&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Pre-Civil War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Settlers originally named this community as "Calhoun", after Senator <a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">John C. Calhoun</a> of <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a>, expressing their cultural ties.<sup id="cite_ref-Callhoun_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Callhoun-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The land that Springfield now occupies was visited first by trappers and <a href="/wiki/Fur_traders" class="mw-redirect" title="Fur traders">fur traders</a> who came to the <a href="/wiki/Sangamon_River" title="Sangamon River">Sangamon River</a> in 1818.<sup id="cite_ref-Quincynet.com_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quincynet.com-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first cabin was built in 1820, by John Kelly, after discovering the area to be plentiful of deer and wild game. He built his cabin upon a hill, overlooking a creek known eventually as the Town Branch. A stone marker on the north side of Jefferson street, halfway between 1st and College streets, marks the location of this original dwelling. A second stone marker at the NW corner of 2nd and Jefferson, often mistaken for the original home site, marks instead the location of the first county courthouse, which was later built on Kelly's property. In 1821, Calhoun was designated as the county seat of Sangamon County due to its location, fertile soil and trading opportunities. </p><p>Settlers from <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a> came to the developing settlement.<sup id="cite_ref-Quincynet.com_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quincynet.com-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1832, Senator Calhoun had fallen out of the favor with the public and the town renamed itself as Springfield.<sup id="cite_ref-Visit_Springfield_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Visit_Springfield-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to local history, the name was suggested by the wife of John Kelly, after Spring Creek, which ran through the area known as "Kelly's Field".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kaskaskia,_Illinois" title="Kaskaskia, Illinois">Kaskaskia</a> was the first capital of the <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois Territory</a> from its organization in 1809, continuing through statehood in 1818, and through the first year as a state in 1819. <a href="/wiki/Vandalia,_Illinois" title="Vandalia, Illinois">Vandalia</a> was the second state capital of Illinois, from 1819 to 1839. Springfield was designated in 1839 as the third capital, and has continued to be so. The designation was largely due to the efforts of <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> and his associates; nicknamed the "Long Nine" for their combined height of 54 feet (16 m).<sup id="cite_ref-Quincynet.com_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quincynet.com-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Visit_Springfield_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Visit_Springfield-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Potawatomi_Trail_of_Death" title="Potawatomi Trail of Death">Potawatomi Trail of Death</a> passed through here in 1838. The Native Americans were forced west to Indian Territory by the government's <a href="/wiki/Indian_Removal" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Removal">Indian Removal</a> policy. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lincoln_Home_Springfield_1865.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Lincoln_Home_Springfield_1865.jpg/220px-Lincoln_Home_Springfield_1865.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Lincoln_Home_Springfield_1865.jpg/330px-Lincoln_Home_Springfield_1865.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Lincoln_Home_Springfield_1865.jpg/440px-Lincoln_Home_Springfield_1865.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1033" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Home_National_Historic_Site" title="Lincoln Home National Historic Site">Abraham Lincoln's Springfield home</a> in 1865 during <a href="/wiki/Funeral_and_burial_of_Abraham_Lincoln" class="mw-redirect" title="Funeral and burial of Abraham Lincoln">Lincoln's funeral</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Abraham Lincoln arrived in the Springfield area in 1831 when he was a young man, but he did not live in the city until 1837.<sup id="cite_ref-amer_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amer-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He spent the ensuing six years in <a href="/wiki/New_Salem,_Menard_County,_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="New Salem, Menard County, Illinois">New Salem</a>, where he began his legal studies, joined the <a href="/wiki/State_militia" class="mw-redirect" title="State militia">state militia</a>, and was elected to the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_General_Assembly" title="Illinois General Assembly">Illinois General Assembly</a>. </p><p>In 1837, Lincoln moved to Springfield, where he lived and worked for the next 24 years as a lawyer and politician. Lincoln delivered his <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln%27s_Lyceum_address" title="Abraham Lincoln's Lyceum address">Lyceum address</a> in Springfield. His farewell speech when he left for Washington is a classic in American oratory.<sup id="cite_ref-amer_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amer-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historian Kenneth J. Winkle (1998) examines the historiography concerning the development of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Party_System" title="Second Party System">Second Party System</a> (Whigs versus Democrats). He applied these ideas to the study of Springfield, a strong Whig enclave in a Democratic region. He chiefly studied poll books for presidential years. The rise of the <a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig Party</a> took place in 1836 in opposition to the presidential candidacy of <a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Martin Van Buren</a> and was consolidated in 1840. Springfield Whigs tend to validate several expectations of party characteristics as they were largely native-born, either in New England or Kentucky, professional or agricultural in occupation, and devoted to partisan organization. Abraham Lincoln's career reflects the Whigs' political rise but, by the 1840s, Springfield began to be dominated by Democratic politicians. Waves of new European immigrants had changed the city's demographics and they became aligned with the Democrats, who made more effort to assist and connect with them. By the 1860 presidential election, Lincoln was barely able to win his home city.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Population">Population</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Illinois&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Winkle earlier had studied the effect of migration on residents' political participation in Springfield during the 1850s.<sup id="cite_ref-winkle_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-winkle-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Widespread migration in the 19th-century United States produced frequent population turnover within Midwestern communities, which influenced patterns of voter turnout and office-holding. Examination of the manuscript census, poll books, and office-holding records reveals the effects of migration on the behavior and voting patterns of 8,000 participants in 10 elections in Springfield. Most voters were short-term residents who participated in only one or two elections during the 1850s. Fewer than 1% of all voters participated in all 10 elections.<sup id="cite_ref-winkle_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-winkle-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Instead of producing political instability, however, rapid turnover enhanced the influence of the more stable residents.<sup id="cite_ref-winkle_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-winkle-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Migration was selective by age, occupation, wealth, and birthplace. Longer-term or "persistent" voters, as he terms them, tended to be wealthier, more highly skilled, more often native-born, and socially more stable than non-persisters. Officeholders were particularly persistent and socially and economically advantaged. Persisters represented a small "core community" of economically successful, socially homogeneous, and politically active voters and officeholders who controlled local political affairs, while most residents moved in and out of the city. Members of a tightly knit and exclusive "core community", exemplified by <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a>, blunted the potentially disruptive impact of migration on local communities.<sup id="cite_ref-winkle_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-winkle-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Business">Business</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Illinois&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Business"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The case of John Williams illustrates the important role of the merchant banker in the economic development of central Illinois before the Civil War. Williams began his career as a clerk in frontier stores and saved to begin his own business. Later, in addition to operating retail and wholesale stores, he acted as a local banker. He organized a national bank in Springfield. He was active in railroad promotion and as an agent for farm machinery.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Religion">Religion</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Illinois&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the mid-19th century, the spiritual needs of German <a href="/wiki/Lutherans" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutherans">Lutherans</a> in the Midwest were not being tended. There had been a wave of migration after the 1848 revolutions, but without a related number of clergy. As a result of the efforts of such missionaries as Friedrich Wyneken, Wilhelm Loehe, and Wilhelm Sihler, additional Lutheran ministers were sent to the Midwest, Lutheran schools were opened, and <a href="/wiki/Concordia_Theological_Seminary" title="Concordia Theological Seminary">Concordia Theological Seminary</a> was founded in <a href="/wiki/Ft._Wayne,_Indiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Ft. Wayne, Indiana">Ft. Wayne, Indiana</a> in 1846. </p><p>The seminary moved to <a href="/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis, Missouri">St. Louis, Missouri</a>, in 1869, and then to Springfield in 1874. During the last half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, the <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church%E2%80%93Missouri_Synod" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod">Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod</a> succeeded in serving the spiritual needs of Midwestern congregations by establishing additional seminaries from ministers trained at Concordia, and by developing a viable synodical tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civil_War_to_1900">Civil War to 1900</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Illinois&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Civil War to 1900"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gfp-illinois-springfield-capitol-and-sky.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Gfp-illinois-springfield-capitol-and-sky.jpg/220px-Gfp-illinois-springfield-capitol-and-sky.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Gfp-illinois-springfield-capitol-and-sky.jpg/330px-Gfp-illinois-springfield-capitol-and-sky.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Gfp-illinois-springfield-capitol-and-sky.jpg/440px-Gfp-illinois-springfield-capitol-and-sky.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1667" /></a><figcaption>Present Capitol building, built <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1868</span>–1888</figcaption></figure> <p>Springfield became a major center of activity during the American Civil War. Illinois regiments trained there, the first ones under <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a>. He led his soldiers to a remarkable series of victories in 1861–62. The city was a political and financial center of Union support. New industries, businesses, and railroads were constructed to help support the war effort.<sup id="cite_ref-Visit_Springfield_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Visit_Springfield-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The war's first official death was a Springfield resident, Colonel <a href="/wiki/Elmer_E._Ellsworth" title="Elmer E. Ellsworth">Elmer E. Ellsworth</a>. </p><p>Camp Butler, located seven miles (11 km) northeast of Springfield, Illinois, opened in August 1861 as a training camp for Illinois soldiers. It also served as a camp for Confederate prisoners of war through 1865. In the beginning, Springfield residents visited the camp to take part in the excitement of a military venture, but many reacted sympathetically to mortally wounded and ill prisoners. While the city's businesses prospered from camp traffic, drunken behavior and rowdiness on the part of the soldiers stationed there strained relations. Neither civil nor military authorities proved able to control disorderly outbreaks.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the war ended in 1865, Springfield became a major hub in the Illinois railroad system. It was a center of government and farming. By 1900 it was also invested in coal mining and processing.<sup id="cite_ref-Visit_Springfield_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Visit_Springfield-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Illinois&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Springfield_5th_and_Adams.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Springfield_5th_and_Adams.jpg/220px-Springfield_5th_and_Adams.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Springfield_5th_and_Adams.jpg/330px-Springfield_5th_and_Adams.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Springfield_5th_and_Adams.jpg/440px-Springfield_5th_and_Adams.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Intersection of 5th and Adams <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1905</span></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Utopia">Utopia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Illinois&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Utopia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Local poet <a href="/wiki/Vachel_Lindsay" title="Vachel Lindsay">Vachel Lindsay</a>'s notions of utopia were expressed in his only novel, <i>The Golden Book of Springfield</i> (1920), which draws on ideas of <a href="/wiki/Social_anarchism" title="Social anarchism">anarchistic socialism</a> in projecting the progress of Lindsay's hometown toward utopia.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Dana%E2%80%93Thomas_House" title="Dana–Thomas House">Dana–Thomas House</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wright" title="Frank Lloyd Wright">Frank Lloyd Wright</a> design built in 1902–03. Wright began work on the house in 1902. Commissioned by Susan Lawrence Dana, a local patron of the arts and public benefactor, Wright designed a house to harmonize with the owner's devotion to the performance of music. Coordinating art glass designs for 250 windows, doors, and panels as well as over 200 light fixtures, Wright enlisted Oak Park artisans. The house is a radical departure from <a href="/wiki/Victorian_architecture" title="Victorian architecture">Victorian</a> architectural traditions. Covering 12,000 square feet (1,100 m<sup>2</sup>), the house contained vaulted ceilings and 16 major spaces. As the nation was changing, so Wright intended this structure to reflect the changes. Creating an organic and natural atmosphere, Wright saw himself as an "architect of democracy" and intended his work to be a monument to America's social landscape.<sup id="cite_ref-Hallmark_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hallmark-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is the only historic site later acquired by the state exclusively because of its architectural merit. The structure was opened to the public as a museum house in September 1990; tours are available, 9:00 a.m.–4:00 p.m. Wednesdays through Sundays.<sup id="cite_ref-Hallmark_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hallmark-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1908_race_riot">1908 race riot</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Illinois&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 1908 race riot"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Springfield_race_riot_of_1908" title="Springfield race riot of 1908">Springfield race riot of 1908</a></div> <p>Sparked by the alleged rape of a white woman by a black man and the murder of a white engineer, supposedly also by a black man, in Springfield, and reportedly angered by the high degree of corruption in the city, rioting broke out on August 14, 1908, and continued for three days in a period of violence known as the <a href="/wiki/Springfield_race_riot_of_1908" title="Springfield race riot of 1908">Springfield race riot</a>. Gangs of white youth and blue-collar workers attacked the predominantly black areas of the city known as the Levee district, where most black businesses were located, and the Badlands, where many black residences stood. At least sixteen people died as a result of the riot: nine black residents, and seven white residents who were associated with the mob, five of whom were killed by state militia and two committed suicide. The riot ended when the governor sent in more than 3,700 militiamen to patrol the city, but isolated incidents of white violence against blacks continued in Springfield into September.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Illinois&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Springfield_tornado_damage_Marriott.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Springfield_tornado_damage_Marriott.JPG/220px-Springfield_tornado_damage_Marriott.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Springfield_tornado_damage_Marriott.JPG/330px-Springfield_tornado_damage_Marriott.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Springfield_tornado_damage_Marriott.JPG/440px-Springfield_tornado_damage_Marriott.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>a Courtyard Marriott Location damaged by the 2006 Springfield tornadoes</figcaption></figure> <p>On March 12, 2006, two F2 tornadoes hit the city, injuring 24 people, damaging hundreds of buildings, and causing $150 million in damages.<sup id="cite_ref-nws_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nws-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On February 10, 2007, then-senator <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> announced his presidential candidacy in Springfield, standing on the grounds of the <a href="/wiki/Old_State_Capitol_State_Historic_Site_(Illinois)" class="mw-redirect" title="Old State Capitol State Historic Site (Illinois)">Old State Capitol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Obama_Announces_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obama_Announces-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Senator Obama also used the Old State Capitol in Springfield as a backdrop when he announced <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> as his running mate on August 23, 2008. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Illinois&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Springfield_by_Sentinel-2,_2020-08-06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Springfield_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2020-08-06.jpg/220px-Springfield_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2020-08-06.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Springfield_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2020-08-06.jpg/330px-Springfield_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2020-08-06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Springfield_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2020-08-06.jpg/440px-Springfield_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2020-08-06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3252" data-file-height="3425" /></a><figcaption>Satellite image of Springfield taken from ESA Sentinel-2</figcaption></figure> <p>Located within the <a href="/wiki/Central_Illinois" title="Central Illinois">central section</a> of Illinois, Springfield is 80 miles (130 km) northeast of <a href="/wiki/Greater_St._Louis" title="Greater St. Louis">St. Louis</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Champaign/Urbana" class="mw-redirect" title="Champaign/Urbana">Champaign/Urbana</a> area is to the east, <a href="/wiki/Peoria,_Illinois" title="Peoria, Illinois">Peoria</a> is to the north, and <a href="/wiki/Bloomington%E2%80%93Normal" title="Bloomington–Normal">Bloomington–Normal</a> is to the northeast. <a href="/wiki/Decatur,_Illinois" title="Decatur, Illinois">Decatur</a> is 40 miles (64 km) due east. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Topography">Topography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Illinois&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Topography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city is at an elevation of 558 feet (170 m) <a href="/wiki/Above_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Above sea level">above sea level</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gnis_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gnis-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the 2010 census, Springfield has a total area of 65.764 square miles (170.33 km<sup>2</sup>), of which 59.48 square miles (154.05 km<sup>2</sup>) (or 90.44%) is land and 6.284 square miles (16.28 km<sup>2</sup>) (or 9.56%) is water.<sup id="cite_ref-census-g001_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-g001-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is located in the Lower <a href="/wiki/Illinois_River" title="Illinois River">Illinois River</a> Basin, in a large area known as Till Plain. Sangamon County, and the city of Springfield, are in the Springfield Plain subsection of Till Plain. The Plain is underlain by glacial <a href="/wiki/Till" title="Till">till</a> that was deposited by a large continental ice sheet that repeatedly covered the area during the <a href="/wiki/Illinoian_(stage)" title="Illinoian (stage)">Illinoian Stage</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WillmanOthers1970_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WillmanOthers1970-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-McKay2007_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKay2007-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The majority of the Lower Illinois <a href="/wiki/River_basin" class="mw-redirect" title="River basin">River Basin</a> is flat, with relief extending no more than 20 feet (6.1 m) in most areas, including the Springfield subsection of the plain. The differences in topography are based on the age of drift. The Springfield and Galesburg Plain subsections represent the oldest drift, Illinoian, while Wisconsinian drift resulted in <a href="/wiki/Moraine" title="Moraine">end moraines</a> on the Bloomington Ridged Plain subsection of Till Plain.<sup id="cite_ref-usgs_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usgs-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Lake_Springfield" title="Lake Springfield">Lake Springfield</a> is a 4,200-acre (1,700 ha) human-made reservoir owned by <a href="/wiki/City_Water,_Light_%26_Power" title="City Water, Light & Power">City Water, Light & Power</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-lake_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lake-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the largest municipally owned utility in Illinois.<sup id="cite_ref-about_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was built and filled in 1935 by damming <a href="/wiki/Lick_Creek_(Sangamon_River_tributary)" title="Lick Creek (Sangamon River tributary)">Lick Creek</a>, a tributary of the <a href="/wiki/Sangamon_River" title="Sangamon River">Sangamon River</a> which flows past Springfield's northern outskirts.<sup id="cite_ref-levels_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-levels-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lake is used primarily as a source for drinking water for the city of Springfield, also providing cooling water for the condensers at the power plant on the lake. It attracts approximately 600,000 visitors annually and its 57 miles (92 km) of shoreline is home to over 700 lakeside residences and eight public parks.<sup id="cite_ref-lake_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lake-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term "full pool" describes the lake at 560 feet (170 m) above sea level and indicates the level at which the lake begins to flow over the dam's <a href="/wiki/Spillway" title="Spillway">spillway</a>, if no gates are opened.<sup id="cite_ref-levels_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-levels-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Normal lake levels are generally somewhere below full pool, depending upon the season. During the drought from 1953 to 1955, lake levels dropped to their historical low, 547.44 feet (166.86 m) <a href="/wiki/Sea_level#AMSL" title="Sea level">AMSL</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-levels_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-levels-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The highest recorded lake levels were in December 1982, when the lake crested at 564 feet (172 m).<sup id="cite_ref-levels_35-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-levels-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Illinois&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>, Springfield falls within either a <a href="/wiki/Hot-summer_humid_continental_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot-summer humid continental climate">hot-summer humid continental climate</a> (<i>Dfa</i>) if the 0 °C (32 °F) isotherm is used or a <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> (<i>Cfa</i>) if the −3 °C (27 °F) isotherm is used. In recent years, winter temperatures have increased substantially while summer temperatures have remained equal to the preiod 30 years before. Hot, humid summers and cold, rather snowy winters are the norm. Springfield is located on the farthest reaches of <a href="/wiki/Tornado_Alley" title="Tornado Alley">Tornado Alley</a>, and as such, <a href="/wiki/Thunderstorms" class="mw-redirect" title="Thunderstorms">thunderstorms</a> are a common occurrence throughout the spring and summer. From 1961 to 1990 the city of Springfield averaged 35.25 inches (895 mm) of precipitation per year.<sup id="cite_ref-precip_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-precip-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During that same period the average yearly temperature was 52.4 °F (11.3 °C), with a summer maximum of 76.5 °F (24.7 °C) in July and a winter minimum of 24.2 °F (−4.3 °C) in January.<sup id="cite_ref-temp_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-temp-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1971 to 2000, NOAA data showed that Springfield's annual mean temperature increased slightly to 52.7 °F (11.5 °C). During that period, July averaged 76.3 °F (24.6 °C), while January averaged 25.1 °F (−3.8 °C). </p><p>From 1981 to 2010, NOAA data showed that Springfield's annual mean temperature increased slightly to 53.1 °F (11.7 °C). During that period, July averaged 76.0 °F (24.4 °C), while January averaged 26.9 °F (−2.8 °C). </p><p>From 1991 to 2020, NOAA's latest dataset showed a continued increase in the annual mean to 54.0 °F (12.2 °C). During that period, July averaged 76.5 °F (24.7 °C), while January averaged 27.9 °F (−2.3 °C). </p><p>On June 14, 1957, a tornado hit Springfield, killing two people.<sup id="cite_ref-nws_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nws-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On March 12, 2006, the city was struck by <a href="/wiki/March_2006_tornado_outbreak_sequence" class="mw-redirect" title="March 2006 tornado outbreak sequence">two F2 tornadoes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nws_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nws-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The storm system which brought the two <a href="/wiki/Tornado" title="Tornado">tornadoes</a> hit the city around 8:30pm; no one died as a result of the weather.<sup id="cite_ref-nws_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nws-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Springfield received a federal grant in February 2005 to help improve its tornado warning systems and new sirens were put in place in November 2006 after eight of the sirens failed during an April 2006 test, shortly after the tornadoes hit.<sup id="cite_ref-release_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-release-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lahood_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lahood-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-minutes_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-minutes-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cost of the new sirens totaled $983,000.<sup id="cite_ref-release_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-release-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although tornadoes are not uncommon in central Illinois, the March 12 tornadoes were the first to hit the actual city since the 1957 storm.<sup id="cite_ref-nws_27-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nws-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2006 tornadoes followed nearly identical paths to that of the 1957 tornado.<sup id="cite_ref-nws_27-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nws-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Springfield, Illinois (<a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_Capital_Airport" title="Abraham Lincoln Capital Airport">Abraham Lincoln Capital Airport</a>), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1879–present </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73<br />(23) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80<br />(27) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91<br />(33) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90<br />(32) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">101<br />(38) </td> <td style="background: #FF0A00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">104<br />(40) </td> <td style="background: #DC0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">112<br />(44) </td> <td style="background: #F80000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">108<br />(42) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">102<br />(39) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93<br />(34) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83<br />(28) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74<br />(23) </td> <td style="background: #DC0000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">112<br />(44) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.1<br />(14.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.8<br />(17.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.9<br />(23.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83.5<br />(28.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.5<br />(31.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93.8<br />(34.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF2E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">94.5<br />(34.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF2E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">94.4<br />(34.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91.9<br />(33.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85.8<br />(29.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.0<br />(22.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.3<br />(16.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF2700; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">96.5<br />(35.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.9<br />(2.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.1<br />(5.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFCD9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.1<br />(11.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.6<br />(18.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.7<br />(24.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84.0<br />(28.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86.8<br />(30.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85.4<br />(29.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80.2<br />(26.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF962D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.4<br />(19.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.7<br />(11.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40.7<br />(4.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">64.1<br />(17.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.9<br />(−2.3) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.4<br />(0.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.2<br />(6.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.4<br />(12.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.1<br />(18.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73.7<br />(23.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.5<br />(24.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.9<br />(23.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.0<br />(20.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.0<br />(13.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.5<br />(6.4) </td> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.9<br />(0.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC994; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">54.0<br />(12.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.9<br />(−6.7) </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.7<br />(−4.6) </td> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.2<br />(0.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.3<br />(6.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.4<br />(12.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.3<br />(17.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.2<br />(19.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.3<br />(17.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC387; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.8<br />(13.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.6<br />(7.0) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.2<br />(1.2) </td> <td style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.2<br />(−3.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFE0; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">44.0<br />(6.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #7A7AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.2<br />(−20.1) </td> <td style="background: #8E8EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4<br />(−16.4) </td> <td style="background: #ACACFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6<br />(−10.8) </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.3<br />(−2.6) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38.1<br />(3.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.4<br />(9.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC790; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.5<br />(12.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.4<br />(11.3) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39.6<br />(4.2) </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.6<br />(−3.0) </td> <td style="background: #B7B7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3<br />(−8.7) </td> <td style="background: #9393FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.1<br />(−15.5) </td> <td style="background: #6D6DFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−8.4<br />(−22.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #4444FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−22<br />(−30) </td> <td style="background: #3F3FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−24<br />(−31) </td> <td style="background: #6565FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−12<br />(−24) </td> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16<br />(−9) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28<br />(−2) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39<br />(4) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48<br />(9) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43<br />(6) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31<br />(−1) </td> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13<br />(−11) </td> <td style="background: #8080FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3<br />(−19) </td> <td style="background: #4A4AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−21<br />(−29) </td> <td style="background: #3F3FFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−24<br />(−31) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> inches (mm) </th> <td style="background: #B1FFB1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.03<br />(52) </td> <td style="background: #AEFFAE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.93<br />(49) </td> <td style="background: #96FF96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.76<br />(70) </td> <td style="background: #63FF63; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.97<br />(101) </td> <td style="background: #53FF53; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.52<br />(115) </td> <td style="background: #4AFF4A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.61<br />(117) </td> <td style="background: #6CFF6C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.85<br />(98) </td> <td style="background: #7EFF7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.37<br />(86) </td> <td style="background: #8EFF8E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.86<br />(73) </td> <td style="background: #83FF83; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.26<br />(83) </td> <td style="background: #94FF94; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.71<br />(69) </td> <td style="background: #ADFFAD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.15<br />(55) </td> <td style="background: #84FF84; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">38.04<br />(966) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowfall inches (cm) </th> <td style="background: #0101FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">6.7<br />(17) </td> <td style="background: #0909FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">6.1<br />(15) </td> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.1<br />(7.9) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3<br />(0.76) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1<br />(0.25) </td> <td style="background: #D0D0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2<br />(3.0) </td> <td style="background: #5B5BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">4.3<br />(11) </td> <td style="background: #B9B9FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">21.8<br />(55) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.01 in)</span> </th> <td style="background: #8787FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7 </td> <td style="background: #8686FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9 </td> <td style="background: #7D7DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5 </td> <td style="background: #6C6CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5 </td> <td style="background: #6363FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.6 </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6 </td> <td style="background: #9696FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5 </td> <td style="background: #9999FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2 </td> <td style="background: #A1A1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3 </td> <td style="background: #8E8EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1 </td> <td style="background: #8E8EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8 </td> <td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0 </td> <td style="background: #8686FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">114.7 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.1 in)</span> </th> <td style="background: #BEBEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2 </td> <td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2 </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.9 </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0 </td> <td style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6 </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">16.3 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000E5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73.4 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000ED; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71.3 </td> <td style="background: #0505FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65.3 </td> <td style="background: #0404FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000F0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70.4 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000F8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68.4 </td> <td style="background: #0000E3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000D5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">71.0 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #C8C800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">160.7 </td> <td style="background: #CFCF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">158.7 </td> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">186.5 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">225.8 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA01; color:#000000;" class="notheme">281.2 </td> <td style="background: #F2F215; color:#000000;" class="notheme">308.0 </td> <td style="background: #F3F316; color:#000000;" class="notheme">320.7 </td> <td style="background: #ECEC06; color:#000000;" class="notheme">291.0 </td> <td style="background: #E4E400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">248.4 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">214.0 </td> <td style="background: #C1C11B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">140.2 </td> <td style="background: #BABA46; color:#000000;" class="notheme">129.3 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,664.5 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percent <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #FFFF3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF33; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF4F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF68; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF84; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF74; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF63; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62 </td> <td style="background: #F9F926; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47 </td> <td style="background: #F4F41A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF5B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">60 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a> (sun and humidity 1961–1990)<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NOAAsun_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAAsun-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cityscape">Cityscape</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Illinois&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Cityscape"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Illinois_State_Capitol_at_sunset.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Illinois_State_Capitol_at_sunset.jpg/220px-Illinois_State_Capitol_at_sunset.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Illinois_State_Capitol_at_sunset.jpg/330px-Illinois_State_Capitol_at_sunset.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Illinois_State_Capitol_at_sunset.jpg/440px-Illinois_State_Capitol_at_sunset.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2136" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Illinois State Capitol and East Capitol Avenue in 2019</figcaption></figure> <p>Springfield proper is largely based on a grid street system, with numbered streets starting with the longitudinal First Street (which leads to the Illinois State Capitol) and leading to 32nd Street in the far eastern part of the city. Previously, the city had four distinct boundary streets: North, South, East, and West Grand Avenues. Since expansion, West Grand Avenue became MacArthur Boulevard and East Grand became 19th Street on the north side and 18th Street on the south side. 18th Street has since been renamed after <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> North and South Grand Avenues (which run east–west) have remained important corridors in the city. At South Grand Avenue and Eleventh Street, the old "South Town District" lies, with the City of Springfield undertaking a significant redevelopment project there. </p><p>Latitudinal streets range from names of presidents in the downtown area to names of notable people in Springfield and Illinois to names of institutions of higher education, especially in the Harvard Park neighborhood. </p><p>Springfield has at least twenty separately designated <a href="/wiki/Neighborhood" class="mw-redirect" title="Neighborhood">neighborhoods</a>, though not all have neighborhood associations. They include: Benedictine District, Bunn Park, Downtown, Eastsview, Enos Park, Glen Aire, Harvard Park, Hawthorne Place, Historic West Side, Lincoln Park, Mather and Wells, Medical District, Near South, Northgate, Oak Ridge, Old Aristocracy Hill, Pillsbury District, Shalom, Springfield Lakeshore, <a href="/wiki/Toronto,_Illinois" title="Toronto, Illinois">Toronto</a>, Twin Lakes, UIS Campus, Victoria Lake, Vinegar Hill, and Westchester neighborhoods.<sup id="cite_ref-neigh_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-neigh-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Lincoln Park Neighborhood is an area bordered by 3rd Street on its west, Black Avenue on the north, 8th street on the east and North Grand Avenue. The neighborhood is not far from Lincoln's Tomb on Monument Avenue.<sup id="cite_ref-lp_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lp-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Springfield completely surrounds four suburbs that have their own municipal governments: <a href="/wiki/Jerome,_Illinois" title="Jerome, Illinois">Jerome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leland_Grove,_Illinois" title="Leland Grove, Illinois">Leland Grove</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_View,_Illinois" title="Southern View, Illinois">Southern View</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Grandview,_Illinois" title="Grandview, Illinois">Grandview</a>. It also surrounds various unincorporated enclaves, including the neighborhoods of <a href="/wiki/Laketown,_Illinois" title="Laketown, Illinois">Laketown</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabbage_Patch,_Illinois&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cabbage Patch, Illinois (page does not exist)">Cabbage Patch</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Illinois&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224496135">.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop{border-spacing:1px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:0.3em;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop caption{background-color:lavender;color:black;padding-right:0.2em;padding-left:0.2em;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop th[scope=col]{border-bottom:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(2){text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td.us-census-pop-estimate{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(3){padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(4){padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-footnote{border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-none{float:none;margin:0 1em 1em 0}}</style> <table class="us-census-pop us-census-pop-right"> <caption>Historical population</caption> <tbody><tr><th scope="col">Census</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th><th scope="col"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="sr-only">Note</span></th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Percent change">%±</abbr></th></tr> <tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1840_United_States_census" title="1840 United States census">1840</a></th><td>2,579</td><td></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1850_United_States_census" title="1850 United States census">1850</a></th><td>4,533</td><td></td><td>75.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_census" title="1860 United States census">1860</a></th><td>9,320</td><td></td><td>105.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1870_United_States_census" title="1870 United States census">1870</a></th><td>17,364</td><td></td><td>86.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_census" title="1880 United States census">1880</a></th><td>19,743</td><td></td><td>13.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1890_United_States_census" title="1890 United States census">1890</a></th><td>24,963</td><td></td><td>26.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_census" title="1900 United States census">1900</a></th><td>34,159</td><td></td><td>36.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_census" title="1910 United States census">1910</a></th><td>51,678</td><td></td><td>51.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920</a></th><td>59,183</td><td></td><td>14.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census">1930</a></th><td>71,864</td><td></td><td>21.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_census" title="1940 United States census">1940</a></th><td>75,503</td><td></td><td>5.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_census" title="1950 United States census">1950</a></th><td>81,628</td><td></td><td>8.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_census" title="1960 United States census">1960</a></th><td>83,271</td><td></td><td>2.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_census" title="1970 United States census">1970</a></th><td>91,753</td><td></td><td>10.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census">1980</a></th><td>99,637</td><td></td><td>8.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a></th><td>105,227</td><td></td><td>5.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a></th><td>111,454</td><td></td><td>5.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a></th><td>116,250</td><td></td><td>4.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a></th><td>114,394</td><td></td><td>−1.6%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="us-census-pop-footnote">U.S. Decennial Census<sup id="cite_ref-DecennialCensus_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DecennialCensus-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Race_and_ethnicity_2020_Springfield,_IL.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Race_and_ethnicity_2020_Springfield%2C_IL.png/220px-Race_and_ethnicity_2020_Springfield%2C_IL.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Race_and_ethnicity_2020_Springfield%2C_IL.png/330px-Race_and_ethnicity_2020_Springfield%2C_IL.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Race_and_ethnicity_2020_Springfield%2C_IL.png/440px-Race_and_ethnicity_2020_Springfield%2C_IL.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="2404" /></a><figcaption>Map of racial distribution in Springfield, 2020 U.S. census. Each dot is one person: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid white;background-color:white; color:black;color:rgb(115, 178, 255);"><span class="legend-text" style="font-family: monospace, monospace;">⬤</span></span> White</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid white;background-color:white; color:black;color:rgb(159, 212, 0);"><span class="legend-text" style="font-family: monospace, monospace;">⬤</span></span> Black</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid white;background-color:white; color:black;color:rgb(255, 0, 0);"><span class="legend-text" style="font-family: monospace, monospace;">⬤</span></span> Asian</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid white;background-color:white; color:black;color:rgb(255, 170, 0);"><span class="legend-text" style="font-family: monospace, monospace;">⬤</span></span> Hispanic</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid white;background-color:white; color:black;color:rgb(140, 81, 181);"><span class="legend-text" style="font-family: monospace, monospace;">⬤</span></span> Multiracial</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid white;background-color:white; color:black;color:rgb(153, 102, 51);"><span class="legend-text" style="font-family: monospace, monospace;">⬤</span></span> Native American/Other</span></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020_census">2020 census</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Illinois&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: 2020 census"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption><b>Springfield, Illinois – Racial and ethnic composition</b><br /><small><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><i>Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.</i></span></small> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Race / Ethnicity <small>(<i>NH = Non-Hispanic</i>)</small> </th> <th>Pop 2000<sup id="cite_ref-2000CensusP004_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2000CensusP004-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Pop 2010<sup id="cite_ref-2010CensusP2_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010CensusP2-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Pop 2020<sup id="cite_ref-2020CensusP2_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020CensusP2-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>% 2000 </th> <th>% 2010 </th> <th style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">% 2020 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_whites" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic or Latino whites">White</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>89,510 </td> <td>86,781 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">77,775 </td> <td>80.31% </td> <td>74.65% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">67.99% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_African_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans">Black or African American</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>17,007 </td> <td>21,344 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">23,126 </td> <td>15.26% </td> <td>18.36% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">20.22% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> or <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Native">Alaska Native</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>203 </td> <td>205 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">191 </td> <td>0.18% </td> <td>0.18% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.17% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>1,612 </td> <td>2,538 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">3,327 </td> <td>1.45% </td> <td>2.18% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">2.91% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_Americans" title="Pacific Islander Americans">Pacific Islander</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>30 </td> <td>23 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">42 </td> <td>0.03% </td> <td>0.02% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.04% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_census" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States census">Some Other Race</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>204 </td> <td>221 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">455 </td> <td>0.18% </td> <td>0.19% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.40% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">Mixed Race or Multi-Racial</a> (NH) </td> <td>1,551 </td> <td>2,813 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">5,896 </td> <td>1.39% </td> <td>2.42% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">5.15% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a> (any race) </td> <td>1,337 </td> <td>2,325 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">3,582 </td> <td>1.20% </td> <td>2.00% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">3.13% </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Total</b> </td> <td><b>111,454</b> </td> <td><b>116,250</b> </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;"><b>114,394</b> </td> <td><b>100.00%</b> </td> <td><b>100.00%</b> </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;"><b>100.00%</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>At the 2010 Census, 75.8% of the population was <a href="/wiki/White_American" class="mw-redirect" title="White American">White</a>, 18.5% <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">Black</a> or African American, 0.2% American Indian and Alaska Native, 2.2% Asian, and 2.6% of two or more races. 2.0% of Springfield's population was of <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic</a> or Latino origin (they may be of any race).<sup id="cite_ref-quickfacts_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quickfacts-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_Whites" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic Whites">Non-Hispanic Whites</a> were 74.7% of the population in 2010,<sup id="cite_ref-quickfacts_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quickfacts-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> down from 87.6% in 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of the census<sup id="cite_ref-GR2_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR2-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of 2000,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (September 2014)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> there were 111,454 people, 48,621 households, and 27,957 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,063.9 people per square mile (796.9 people/km<sup>2</sup>). There were 53,733 housing units at an average density of 995.0 per square mile (384.2/km<sup>2</sup>). The racial makeup of the city was 81.0% <a href="/wiki/White_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="White (U.S. Census)">White</a>, 15.3% <a href="/wiki/African_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="African American (U.S. Census)">African American</a>, 0.2% <a href="/wiki/Native_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American (U.S. Census)">Native American</a>, 1.5% <a href="/wiki/Asian_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian (U.S. Census)">Asian</a>, 0.1% <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)">Pacific Islander</a>, 0.5% from <a href="/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (United States Census)">other races</a>, and 1.5% from two or more races. <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanic (U.S. Census)">Hispanic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Latino_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Latino (U.S. Census)">Latino</a> of any race were 1.2% of the population. </p><p>There were 48,621 households, out of which 27.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.1% were married couples living together, 12.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.5% were non-families. 36.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.24 and the average family size was 2.94. </p><p>In the city, the population was spread out, with 28.0% under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 29.8% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 14.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.6 males. </p><p>The median income for a household in the city was $39,388, and the median income for a family was $51,298. Families with children had a higher income of about $69,437. Males had a median income of $36,864 versus $28,867 for females. The <a href="/wiki/Per_capita_income" title="Per capita income">per capita income</a> for the city was $23,324. About 8.4% of families and 11.7% of the population were below the <a href="/wiki/Poverty_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty line">poverty line</a>, including 17.3% of those under age 18 and 7.7% of those age 65 or over. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Illinois&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Illinois_-_Springfield_-_NARA_-_23939955_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Illinois_-_Springfield_-_NARA_-_23939955_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Illinois_-_Springfield_-_NARA_-_23939955_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Illinois_-_Springfield_-_NARA_-_23939955_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Illinois_-_Springfield_-_NARA_-_23939955_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Illinois_-_Springfield_-_NARA_-_23939955_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Illinois_-_Springfield_-_NARA_-_23939955_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3463" data-file-height="2749" /></a><figcaption>Construction of the water works, 1936</figcaption></figure> <p>Many of the jobs in the city center around state government, headquartered in Springfield. As of 2002, the State of Illinois is both the city and county's largest employer, employing 17,000 people across Sangamon County.<sup id="cite_ref-planning_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-planning-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of February 2007, government jobs, including local, state and county, account for about 30,000 of the city's non-agricultural jobs.<sup id="cite_ref-bls_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bls-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trade, transportation and utilities, and the health care industries each provide between 17,000 and 18,000 jobs to the city.<sup id="cite_ref-bls_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bls-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest private sector employer in 2002 was Memorial Health System with 3,400 people working for the organization.<sup id="cite_ref-planning_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-planning-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to estimates from the "Living Wage Calculator" the <a href="/wiki/Living_wage" title="Living wage">living wage</a> for the city of Springfield is $7.89 per hour for one adult,<sup id="cite_ref-wage_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wage-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> approximately $15,780 working 2,000 hours per year. For a family of four, costs are increased and the living wage is $17.78 per hour within the city.<sup id="cite_ref-wage_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wage-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the United States Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the Civilian Labor force dropped from 116,500 in September 2006 to 113,400 in February 2007. In addition, the <a href="/wiki/Unemployment_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Unemployment rate">unemployment rate</a> rose during the same time period from 3.8% to 5.1%.<sup id="cite_ref-bls_55-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bls-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Largest_employers">Largest employers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Illinois&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Largest employers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the city's 2021 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the largest employers in the city are: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> </th> <th scope="col">Employer </th> <th scope="col">Employees </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">State of Illinois</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">17,800 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Memorial_Medical_Center_(Springfield,_Illinois)" class="mw-redirect" title="Memorial Medical Center (Springfield, Illinois)">Memorial Health System</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">5,238 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">3 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Hospital_Sisters_Health_System" title="Hospital Sisters Health System">Hospital Sisters Health System</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">4,434 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">4 </th> <td>Springfield Clinic </td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,449 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">5 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Springfield_School_District_186" title="Springfield School District 186">Springfield Public Schools</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,130 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">6 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_Springfield" title="University of Illinois Springfield">University of Illinois Springfield</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">1,642 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">7 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Southern_Illinois_University_School_of_Medicine" title="Southern Illinois University School of Medicine">Southern Illinois University School of Medicine</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">1,470 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">8 </th> <td>City of Springfield </td> <td style="text-align: right;">1,410 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">9 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Horace_Mann_Educators_Corporation" title="Horace Mann Educators Corporation">Horace Mann Educators Corporation</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">1,066 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">10 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/BlueCross_BlueShield" class="mw-redirect" title="BlueCross BlueShield">BlueCross BlueShield</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">900 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arts_and_culture">Arts and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Illinois&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Arts and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_Hicks_-_Leopold_Grozelier_-_Presidential_Candidate_Abraham_Lincoln_1860_-_cropped_to_lithographic_plate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Thomas_Hicks_-_Leopold_Grozelier_-_Presidential_Candidate_Abraham_Lincoln_1860_-_cropped_to_lithographic_plate.jpg/170px-Thomas_Hicks_-_Leopold_Grozelier_-_Presidential_Candidate_Abraham_Lincoln_1860_-_cropped_to_lithographic_plate.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Thomas_Hicks_-_Leopold_Grozelier_-_Presidential_Candidate_Abraham_Lincoln_1860_-_cropped_to_lithographic_plate.jpg/255px-Thomas_Hicks_-_Leopold_Grozelier_-_Presidential_Candidate_Abraham_Lincoln_1860_-_cropped_to_lithographic_plate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Thomas_Hicks_-_Leopold_Grozelier_-_Presidential_Candidate_Abraham_Lincoln_1860_-_cropped_to_lithographic_plate.jpg/340px-Thomas_Hicks_-_Leopold_Grozelier_-_Presidential_Candidate_Abraham_Lincoln_1860_-_cropped_to_lithographic_plate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6209" data-file-height="8029" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> resided in Springfield for 24 years</figcaption></figure> <p>Springfield has been home to a wide array of individuals, who, in one way or another, contributed to the broader American culture. Wandering poet <a href="/wiki/Vachel_Lindsay" title="Vachel Lindsay">Vachel Lindsay</a>, most famous for his poem "The Congo" and a booklet called "Rhymes to be Traded for Bread", was born in Springfield in 1879.<sup id="cite_ref-lindsay_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lindsay-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At least two notable people affiliated with American business and industry have called the Illinois state capital home at one time or another. Both <a href="/wiki/John_L._Lewis" title="John L. Lewis">John L. Lewis</a>, a labor activist, and <a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Merriweather_Post" title="Marjorie Merriweather Post">Marjorie Merriweather Post</a>, the founder of the <a href="/wiki/General_Foods_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="General Foods Corporation">General Foods Corporation</a>, lived in the city; Post in particular was a native of Springfield.<sup id="cite_ref-lewis_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lewis-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-post_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-post-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, astronomer <a href="/wiki/Seth_Barnes_Nicholson" title="Seth Barnes Nicholson">Seth Barnes Nicholson</a> was born in Springfield in 1891.<sup id="cite_ref-smith_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeiran</a> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">Portuguese community</a> resided in the vicinity of the Carpenter Street Underpass, one of the earliest and largest <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Americans" title="Portuguese Americans">Portuguese settlements</a> in the Midwest. The Portuguese immigrants that originated the community left Madeira because they experienced social ostracization due to being <a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Portugal" title="Protestantism in Portugal">Protestants</a> in their largely <a href="/wiki/Catholicism_in_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism in Portugal">Catholic</a> homeland, having been converted to Protestantism by a Scottish reverend named <a href="/wiki/Robert_Reid_Kalley" title="Robert Reid Kalley">Robert Reid Kalley</a>, who visited Madeira in 1838.<sup id="cite_ref-loc.gov_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loc.gov-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These Protestant Madeiran exiles relocated to the Caribbean island of <a href="/wiki/Trinidad" title="Trinidad">Trinidad</a> before settling permanently in Springfield in 1849.<sup id="cite_ref-loc.gov_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loc.gov-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the early twentieth century, these immigrants resided in the western extension of a neighborhood known as the "Badlands". The Badlands was included in the widespread destruction and violence of the Springfield Race Riot in August 1908, an event that led to the formation of the <a href="/wiki/National_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Colored_People" class="mw-redirect" title="National Association for the Advancement of Colored People">National Association for the Advancement of Colored People</a> (NAACP). The Carpenter Street archaeological site possesses local and national significance for its potential to contribute to an understanding of the lifestyles of multiple ethnic/racial groups in Springfield during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-Springfield_Railroads_Improvement_Project_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Springfield_Railroads_Improvement_Project-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literary_tradition">Literary tradition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Illinois&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Literary tradition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Springfield and the Sangamon Valley enjoy a strong literary tradition in <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vachel_Lindsay" title="Vachel Lindsay">Vachel Lindsay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Lee_Masters" title="Edgar Lee Masters">Edgar Lee Masters</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Hay" title="John Hay">John Hay</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_H._Herndon" class="mw-redirect" title="William H. Herndon">William H. Herndon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_P._Thomas" title="Benjamin P. Thomas">Benjamin P. Thomas</a>, Paul Angle, <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Eifert" title="Virginia Eifert">Virginia Eifert</a>, Robert Fitzgerald and <a href="/wiki/William_Keepers_Maxwell,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="William Keepers Maxwell, Jr.">William Maxwell</a>, among others. The <a href="/wiki/Illinois_State_Library" title="Illinois State Library">Illinois State Library</a>'s Gwendolyn Brooks Building features the names of 35 Illinois authors etched on its exterior fourth floor frieze. Through the Illinois Center for the Book, a comprehensive resource on authors, illustrators, and other creatives who have published books who have written about Illinois or lived in Illinois is maintained.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Performing_arts">Performing arts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Illinois&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Performing arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Hoogland_Center_for_the_Arts" title="Hoogland Center for the Arts">Hoogland Center for the Arts</a> in downtown Springfield is a centerpiece for performing arts, and houses among other organizations the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield_Theatre_Centre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Springfield Theatre Centre (page does not exist)">Springfield Theatre Centre</a>, the Copper Coin Ballet Company, and the <a href="/wiki/Springfield_Municipal_Opera" title="Springfield Municipal Opera">Springfield Municipal Opera</a>, also known as The Muni, which stages community theatre productions of Broadway musicals outdoors each summer. Before being purchased and renamed, the Hoogland Center was Springfield's <a href="/wiki/Masonic_Temple" title="Masonic Temple">Masonic Temple</a>. Prior to the Hoogland, the Springfield Theatre Centre was housed in the nearby Legacy Theatre. <a href="/wiki/Sangamon_Auditorium" title="Sangamon Auditorium">Sangamon Auditorium</a>, located on the campus of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_Springfield" title="University of Illinois Springfield">University of Illinois Springfield</a> also serves as a larger venue for musical and performing acts, both touring and local. </p><p>A few films have been created or had elements of them created in Springfield. <i><a href="/wiki/Legally_Blonde_2:_Red,_White_%26_Blonde" title="Legally Blonde 2: Red, White & Blonde">Legally Blonde 2: Red, White & Blonde</a></i> was filmed in Springfield in 2003. </p><p>Musicians <a href="/wiki/Artie_Matthews" title="Artie Matthews">Artie Matthews</a> and <a href="/wiki/Morris_Day" title="Morris Day">Morris Day</a> both once called Springfield home.<sup id="cite_ref-artie_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-artie-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-day_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-day-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Springfield is also home to long-running underground all-ages space <a href="/wiki/The_Black_Sheep_Cafe" title="The Black Sheep Cafe">The Black Sheep Cafe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Festivals">Festivals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Illinois&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Festivals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Springfield is home to the annual <a href="/wiki/Springfield_Old_Capitol_Art_Fair" title="Springfield Old Capitol Art Fair">Springfield Old Capitol Art Fair</a>, a spring festival held annually in the third weekend in May.<sup id="cite_ref-SOCAF_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SOCAF-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2002, Springfield has also hosted the 'Route 66 Film Festival', set to celebrate films routed in, based on, or taking part on the famous <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_66" title="U.S. Route 66">Route 66</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_Independent_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Independent-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Illinois&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Springfield is known for some popular food items: the <a href="/wiki/Corn_dog" title="Corn dog">corn dog</a> is claimed to have been invented in the city under the name "<a href="/wiki/Cozy_Dog_Drive_In" title="Cozy Dog Drive In">Cozy Dog</a>", although there is some debate to the origin of the snack.<sup id="cite_ref-uis_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uis-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-storch_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-storch-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_sandwich" title="Horseshoe sandwich">horseshoe sandwich</a>, not well known outside of central Illinois, also originated in Springfield.<sup id="cite_ref-hot_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hot-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Springfield was once the site of the <a href="/wiki/Reisch_Beer" title="Reisch Beer">Reisch Beer</a> brewery, which operated for 117 years under the same name and family from 1849 to 1966.<sup id="cite_ref-reisch_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reisch-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lincoln%27s_Tomb.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Lincoln%27s_Tomb.JPG/220px-Lincoln%27s_Tomb.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Lincoln%27s_Tomb.JPG/330px-Lincoln%27s_Tomb.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Lincoln%27s_Tomb.JPG/440px-Lincoln%27s_Tomb.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lincoln%27s_Tomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Lincoln's Tomb">Lincoln's Tomb</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Maid-Rite_Sandwich_Shop_(Springfield,_Illinois)" title="Maid-Rite Sandwich Shop (Springfield, Illinois)">Maid-Rite Sandwich Shop</a> in Springfield still operates what it claims as the first U.S. <a href="/wiki/Drive-thru" class="mw-redirect" title="Drive-thru">drive-thru</a> window.<sup id="cite_ref-guide_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guide-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is also known for its <a href="/wiki/Chili_con_carne" title="Chili con carne">chili</a>, or "chilli", as it is known in many chili shops throughout Sangamon County.<sup id="cite_ref-wills_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wills-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The unique spelling is said to have begun with the founder of the Dew Chilli Parlor in 1909, due to a spelling error in its sign.<sup id="cite_ref-conv_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conv-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another interpretation is that the misspelling represented the "Ill" in the word Illinois.<sup id="cite_ref-conv_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conv-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1993, the Illinois state legislature adopted a resolution proclaiming Springfield the "Chilli Capital of the Civilized World".<sup id="cite_ref-wills_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wills-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Springfield is dotted with sites associated with U.S. President Abraham Lincoln, who started his political career there.<sup id="cite_ref-thomas_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thomas-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These include the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Home_National_Historic_Site" title="Lincoln Home National Historic Site">Lincoln Home National Historic Site</a>, a <a href="/wiki/National_Historical_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="National Historical Park">National Historical Park</a> that includes the preserved surrounding neighborhood; the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln-Herndon_Law_Offices_State_Historic_Site" title="Lincoln-Herndon Law Offices State Historic Site">Lincoln-Herndon Law Offices State Historic Site</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Tomb_State_Historic_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Lincoln Tomb State Historic Site">Lincoln Tomb State Historic Site</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Old_State_Capitol_State_Historic_Site" title="Old State Capitol State Historic Site">Old State Capitol State Historic Site</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Depot" title="Lincoln Depot">Lincoln Depot</a>, from which Abraham Lincoln departed Springfield to be <a href="/wiki/Presidential_inauguration" title="Presidential inauguration">inaugurated</a> in Washington, D.C.; the Elijah Iles House, Edwards Place and the <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_Presidential_Library_and_Museum" title="Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum">Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum</a>. The church that the Lincoln family belonged to, <a href="/wiki/First_Presbyterian_Church_(Springfield,_Illinois)" title="First Presbyterian Church (Springfield, Illinois)">First Presbyterian Church</a>, still has the original Lincoln family pew on display in its narthex. Near the village of <a href="/wiki/Petersburg,_Illinois" title="Petersburg, Illinois">Petersburg</a>, is <a href="/wiki/New_Salem,_Menard_County,_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="New Salem, Menard County, Illinois">New Salem</a> State Park, a restored hamlet of log cabins. This is a reconstruction of the town where Lincoln lived as a young man. With the opening of the Presidential Library and Museum in 2004, the city has attracted numerous prominent visitors, including Presidents <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>, the actor <a href="/wiki/Liam_Neeson" title="Liam Neeson">Liam Neeson</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Emir_of_Qatar" title="Emir of Qatar">Emir of Qatar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Qatar_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Qatar-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lib_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lib-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Illinoisoldcapitol.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Illinoisoldcapitol.jpg/220px-Illinoisoldcapitol.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Illinoisoldcapitol.jpg/330px-Illinoisoldcapitol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Illinoisoldcapitol.jpg/440px-Illinoisoldcapitol.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Old_State_Capitol_State_Historic_Site" title="Old State Capitol State Historic Site">Old State Capitol State Historic Site</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Donner_Party" title="Donner Party">Donner Party</a>, a group of pioneers who resorted to <a href="/wiki/Human_cannibalism" title="Human cannibalism">cannibalism</a> while snowbound during a winter in the <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada" title="Sierra Nevada">Sierra Nevada</a> mountains, began their journey West from Springfield.<sup id="cite_ref-donner_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-donner-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Springfield's <a href="/wiki/Dana%E2%80%93Thomas_House" title="Dana–Thomas House">Dana–Thomas House</a> is among the best preserved and most complete of <a href="/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wright" title="Frank Lloyd Wright">Frank Lloyd Wright</a>'s early "Prairie" houses.<sup id="cite_ref-ihpa_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ihpa-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was built in 1902–1904 and has many of the furnishings Wright designed for it.<sup id="cite_ref-ihpa_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ihpa-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Springfield's <a href="/wiki/Washington_Park_(Springfield,_Illinois)" title="Washington Park (Springfield, Illinois)">Washington Park</a> is home to <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Rees_Memorial_Carillon" title="Thomas Rees Memorial Carillon">Thomas Rees Memorial Carillon</a> and the site of a carillon festival, held annually since 1962.<sup id="cite_ref-carillon_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carillon-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August, the city is the site of the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_State_Fair" title="Illinois State Fair">Illinois State Fair</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_State_Fairgrounds" title="Illinois State Fairgrounds">Illinois State Fairgrounds</a>. </p><p>Although not born in Springfield, Lincoln is the city's most famous resident. He lived there for 24 years.<sup id="cite_ref-amer_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amer-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The only home he ever owned is open to the public, seven days a week, free of charge, and operated by the <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-amer_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amer-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Springfield has the area's largest amusement park, Knight's Action Park and Caribbean Water Park, which is open from May to September. The park also features and operates the city's only remaining <a href="/wiki/Drive-in_theater" title="Drive-in theater">drive-in theater</a>, the Route 66 Twin Drive-In. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Illinois&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">team </th> <th scope="col">League </th> <th scope="col">Sport </th> <th scope="col">Venue </th> <th scope="col">Established </th> <th scope="col">Championships </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield_A.S.C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Springfield A.S.C (page does not exist)">Springfield A.S.C</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/USL_League_Two" title="USL League Two">USL League Two</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Association football</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart-Griffin_High_School" title="Sacred Heart-Griffin High School">Sacred Heart-Griffin High School</a> </td> <td>2021 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield_FC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Springfield FC (page does not exist)">Springfield FC</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Midwest_Premier_League" title="Midwest Premier League">Midwest Premier League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Association football</a> </td> <td>SASA Soccer Complex </td> <td>2011 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Springfield_Lucky_Horseshoes" title="Springfield Lucky Horseshoes">Springfield Lucky Horseshoes</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Prospect_League" title="Prospect League">Prospect League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">Baseball</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Robin_Roberts_Stadium" title="Robin Roberts Stadium">Robin Roberts Stadium</a> </td> <td>2008 </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Springfield_Jr._Blues" title="Springfield Jr. Blues">Springfield Jr. Blues</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/North_American_Hockey_League" title="North American Hockey League">North American Hockey League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ice_Hockey" class="mw-redirect" title="Ice Hockey">Ice Hockey</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Center" title="Nelson Center">Nelson Center</a> </td> <td>1993 </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;">Capital City Hooligans </th> <td>Men's Roller Derby Association </td> <td>Men's <a href="/wiki/Roller_Derby" class="mw-redirect" title="Roller Derby">Roller Derby</a> </td> <td>Skateland South </td> <td>2012 </td> <td>N/A </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Historically, Springfield has been home to a number of <a href="/wiki/Minor_league_baseball" class="mw-redirect" title="Minor league baseball">minor league baseball</a> franchises, the latest club, the college-prep <a href="/wiki/Springfield_Sliders" class="mw-redirect" title="Springfield Sliders">Springfield Sliders</a>, arriving in the city in 2008. In the 1948 baseball season, Springfield was also home to an <a href="/wiki/All-American_Girls_Professional_Baseball_League" title="All-American Girls Professional Baseball League">All-American Girls Professional Baseball League</a> team, the <a href="/wiki/Springfield_Sallies" title="Springfield Sallies">Springfield Sallies</a>, but the team's lackluster performance led them to be folded in with the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Colleens" title="Chicago Colleens">Chicago Colleens</a> as rookie development teams the following year. </p><p>The city was the home of the <a href="/wiki/Springfield_Stallions" title="Springfield Stallions">Springfield Stallions</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Indoor_American_football" class="mw-redirect" title="Indoor American football">indoor football</a> team who played at the <a href="/wiki/Prairie_Capital_Convention_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Prairie Capital Convention Center">Prairie Capital Convention Center</a> in 2007. Today, the city is host to the <a href="/wiki/Springfield_Jr._Blues" title="Springfield Jr. Blues">Springfield Jr. Blues</a>, a North American Hockey League team that plays at the Nelson Recreation Center. The city is also a host to several Semi Pro Football Teams. The oldest organization is the Capital City Outlaws, which was established in 1992. The Outlaws which played 11 man football, most recently in The Midwest Football League until 2004, switched to an 8-man Semi Pro Football League (8FL) in 2004. The Sangamon County Seminoles became an expansion team in the 8FL in 2008. A newly formed team in 2010, the Springfield Foxes, play in the Mid States Football League (MSFL) (11 man). The Foxes were league runners-up in the MSFL League Championship in 2012. </p><p>The city has produced several notable professional sports talents. Current and former <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> players <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Seitzer" title="Kevin Seitzer">Kevin Seitzer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Fassero" title="Jeff Fassero">Jeff Fassero</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ryan_O%27Malley" title="Ryan O'Malley">Ryan O'Malley</a>, Jason and <a href="/wiki/Justin_Knoedler" title="Justin Knoedler">Justin Knoedler</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Baseball_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="Baseball Hall of Fame">Hall of Famer</a> <a href="/wiki/Robin_Roberts_(baseball)" title="Robin Roberts (baseball)">Robin Roberts</a> were all born in Springfield.<sup id="cite_ref-si4_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-si4-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-si_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-si-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-si3_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-si3-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-si2_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-si2-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Springfield's largest baseball field, <a href="/wiki/Lanphier_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanphier Park">Robin Roberts Stadium at Lanphier Park</a>, takes its full name in honor of Roberts and his athletic achievements. Former MLB player <a href="/wiki/Ducky_Schofield" title="Ducky Schofield">Dick "Ducky" Schofield</a> is currently an elected official in Springfield, and his son <a href="/wiki/Dick_Schofield" title="Dick Schofield">Dick</a> also played in the Major Leagues, as does Ducky's grandson, <a href="/wiki/Jayson_Werth" title="Jayson Werth">Jayson Werth</a>. Ducky, Dick, and Jayson were all born in Springfield. Ducky's daughter (and Jayson's mother) Kim Schofield Werth, also from Springfield, is a track star who competed in the U.S. Olympic Trials. <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">National Basketball Association</a> players <a href="/wiki/Dave_Robisch" title="Dave Robisch">Dave Robisch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Gamble" title="Kevin Gamble">Kevin Gamble</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Andre_Iguodala" title="Andre Iguodala">Andre Iguodala</a> are all from the city.<sup id="cite_ref-trib_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trib-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nba_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nba-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Long-time NFL announcer (NBC) and former Cincinnati Bengal Pro Bowl tight end <a href="/wiki/Bob_Trumpy" title="Bob Trumpy">Bob Trumpy</a> is a city native, having graduated from Springfield High School. Former <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">NFL</a> wide receiver <a href="/wiki/Otto_Stowe" title="Otto Stowe">Otto Stowe</a> was a 1967 graduate of the now-defunct Feitshans High School. A <a href="/wiki/Ultimate_Fighting_Championship" title="Ultimate Fighting Championship">UFC</a> fighter, <a href="/wiki/Matt_Mitrione" title="Matt Mitrione">Matt Mitrione</a>, attended and played football for Sacred Heart Griffin. He also played in the NFL as an undrafted free agent. </p><p>At the <a href="/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics" title="2016 Summer Olympics">2016 Olympics</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>, Brazil, Springfield native <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Held" title="Ryan Held">Ryan Held</a> won a <a href="/wiki/Gold_medal" title="Gold medal">gold medal</a> as a member of the USA 400-meter (4 X 100 meter) <a href="/wiki/Freestyle_swimming" title="Freestyle swimming">freestyle relay</a> team along with <a href="/wiki/Caeleb_Dressel" title="Caeleb Dressel">Caeleb Dressel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Phelps" title="Michael Phelps">Michael Phelps</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Adrian" title="Nathan Adrian">Nathan Adrian</a>. During his senior year at Sacred-Heart Griffin High School in 2014, Held was named Illinois State Swimmer of the Year.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parks_and_recreation">Parks and recreation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Illinois&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Parks and recreation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Springfield_Park_District" title="Springfield Park District">Springfield Park District</a> operates more than 30 parks throughout the city. The two best-known are <a href="/wiki/Carpenter_Park" title="Carpenter Park">Carpenter Park</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Nature_Preserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Illinois Nature Preserve">Illinois Nature Preserve</a> on the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Sangamon_River" title="Sangamon River">Sangamon River</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Washington_Park,_Springfield,_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Park, Springfield, Illinois">Washington Park and Botanical Garden</a> on the city's southwest side and adjacent to some of Springfield's most beautiful and architecturally interesting homes. Washington Park has also been home to the <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Rees_Memorial_Carillon" title="Thomas Rees Memorial Carillon">Thomas Rees Memorial Carillon</a> since its dedication in 1962. <a href="/wiki/Southwind_Park" title="Southwind Park">Southwind Park</a>, on the southern edge of the city, has been developed as a park enjoying full compliance with the <a href="/wiki/Americans_with_Disabilities_Act_of_1990" title="Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990">Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990</a>. Lincoln Park, located next to <a href="/wiki/Oak_Ridge_Cemetery" title="Oak Ridge Cemetery">Oak Ridge Cemetery</a> where <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Tomb" title="Lincoln Tomb">President Lincoln's tomb</a> is located, is home to the <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Center" title="Nelson Center">Nelson Recreation Center</a>, which boasts a public swimming pool, tennis courts, and the city's only public ice rink, home of the <a href="/wiki/Springfield_Junior_Blues" class="mw-redirect" title="Springfield Junior Blues">Springfield Junior Blues</a>, a minor league hockey team. Centennial Park, which rests on the outskirts of Springfield's southwest limits, holds one of the city's two public skateparks (the other being in Iles Park), as well as several ball fields, tennis courts, and a manmade hill for cardio exercises and sledding in winter months. </p><p>In addition to the public-sector parks operated by the Springfield Park District, two significant privately operated tree gardens/arboretums operate within city limits: the <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_Memorial_Garden" title="Abraham Lincoln Memorial Garden">Abraham Lincoln Memorial Garden</a> on Lake Springfield south of the city, and the <a href="/wiki/Adams_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Adams Wildlife Sanctuary">Adams Wildlife Sanctuary</a> on Springfield's east side. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Illinois&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Springfield_city_departments" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Springfield city departments">List of Springfield city departments</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Springfield,_Illinois" title="List of mayors of Springfield, Illinois">List of mayors of Springfield, Illinois</a></div> <p>Springfield city government is structured under the <a href="/wiki/Mayor-council" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor-council">mayor-council</a> form of government. It is the strong mayor variation of that type of municipal government, the mayor holds executive authority, including <a href="/wiki/Veto" title="Veto">veto</a> power, in Springfield.<sup id="cite_ref-executive_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-executive-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The executive branch also consists of 17 non-elected city "offices". Ranging from the police department to the Office of Public Works, each office can be altered through city ordinance.<sup id="cite_ref-executive_91-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-executive-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Elected officials in the city (mayor, aldermen, city clerk, and treasurer) serve four-year terms.<sup id="cite_ref-general_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-general-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The elections are not staggered.<sup id="cite_ref-general_92-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-general-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The council members are elected from ten districts throughout the city while the mayor, city clerk and city treasurer are elected on an at-large basis.<sup id="cite_ref-general_92-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-general-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The council, as a body, consists of the ten aldermen and the mayor, though the mayor is generally a non-voting member who only participates in the discussion.<sup id="cite_ref-leg_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leg-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are a few instances where the mayor does vote on ordinances or resolutions: if there is a tie vote, if more than half of the aldermen support the motion, whether there is a tie or not, and where a vote greater than the majority is required by the <a href="/wiki/Municipal_ordinances" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal ordinances">municipal code</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-leg_93-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leg-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Members">Members</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Illinois&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Members"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>City elections are technically non partisan, however most candidates are affiliated with a political party.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As such, party affiliation is a matter of self identification. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><b>Springfield elected officials</b> <sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#cccccc"> <th>Citywide positions</th> <th>Officeholder</th> <th>Party </th></tr> <tr bgcolor="#ffaaaa"> <td>Mayor</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Misty_Buscher" title="Misty Buscher">Misty Buscher</a></td> <td>Republican </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#ffaaaa"> <td>Treasurer</td> <td>Colleen Redpath Feger</td> <td>Republican </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#ffaaaa"> <td>Clerk</td> <td>Frank Lesko</td> <td>Republican </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#cccccc"> <th>City council</th> <th>Officeholder</th> <th>Party </th></tr> <tr bgcolor="#ffaaaa"> <td>Ward 1</td> <td>Chuck Redpath</td> <td>Republican </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#73C2FB"> <td>Ward 2</td> <td>Shawn Gregory</td> <td>Democratic </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#73C2FB"> <td>Ward 3</td> <td>Roy Williams Jr.</td> <td>Democratic </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="white"> <td>Ward 4</td> <td>Larry Rockford</td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#73C2FB"> <td>Ward 5</td> <td>Lakeisha Purchase</td> <td>Democratic </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#73C2FB"> <td>Ward 6</td> <td>Jennifer Notariano</td> <td>Democratic </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#ffaaaa"> <td>Ward 7</td> <td>Brad Carlson</td> <td>Republican </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#73C2FB"> <td>Ward 8</td> <td>Erin Conley</td> <td>Democratic </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#73C2FB"> <td>Ward 9</td> <td>Jim Donelean</td> <td>Democratic </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#ffaaaa"> <td>Ward 10</td> <td>Ralph Hanauer</td> <td>Republican </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State_government">State government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Illinois&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: State government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Illinois" title="Government of Illinois">Government of Illinois</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Executive_Mansion.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Executive_Mansion.JPG/220px-Executive_Mansion.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Executive_Mansion.JPG/330px-Executive_Mansion.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Executive_Mansion.JPG/440px-Executive_Mansion.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2857" data-file-height="1850" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Governor%27s_Mansion" title="Illinois Governor's Mansion">Illinois Governor's Mansion</a> in 2012</figcaption></figure> <p>As the state capital, Springfield is home to the three branches of <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Illinois" title="Government of Illinois">Illinois government</a>. Much like the United States federal government, Illinois government has an executive branch, occupied by the state governor, a <a href="/wiki/Legislative_branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative branch">legislative branch</a>, which consists of the state senate and house, and a <a href="/wiki/Judicial_branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Judicial branch">judicial branch</a>, which is topped by the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Illinois Supreme Court">Illinois Supreme Court</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ILcon2_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ILcon2-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Illinois legislative branch is collectively known as the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_General_Assembly" title="Illinois General Assembly">Illinois General Assembly</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ilcon1_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ilcon1-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many state bureaucrats work in offices in Springfield, and it is the regular meeting place of the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_General_Assembly" title="Illinois General Assembly">Illinois General Assembly</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gauen_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gauen-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All persons elected on a statewide basis are required to have at least one residence in Springfield, and the state government funds these residents.<sup id="cite_ref-INN_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-INN-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2020<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Illinois&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> none of the major constitutional officers in Illinois designated Springfield as their primary residence; most cabinet officers and all major constitutional officers instead primarily do their business in Chicago. A former director of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Illinois_University" title="Southern Illinois University">Southern Illinois University</a> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Simon_Public_Policy_Institute" title="Paul Simon Public Policy Institute">Paul Simon Institute for Public Affairs</a>, Mike Lawrence, stated that many of the elected officials in Illinois "spend so little time in Springfield".<sup id="cite_ref-INN_100-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-INN-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012 <i><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Post-Dispatch" title="St. Louis Post-Dispatch">St. Louis Post-Dispatch</a></i> columnist Pat Gauen argued that "in the reality of Illinois politics, [Springfield] shares <a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a> capital status with Chicago." Gauen noted that several elected officials such as the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Illinois" title="Governor of Illinois">Governor</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Attorney General of Illinois">Attorney General</a>, Speaker of the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_House_of_Representatives" title="Illinois House of Representatives">House</a>, the minority leader of the House, President of the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate" title="Illinois Senate">Senate</a>, the minority leader of the Senate, the Comptroller, and the Treasurer, all live in the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago area">Chicago area</a>. According to Gauen, "Everybody who's anybody in Illinois government has an office in Chicago"; most state officials work from the <a href="/wiki/James_R._Thompson_Center" title="James R. Thompson Center">James R. Thompson Center</a> in the Chicago Loop. He added that at one point in 2011, Governor <a href="/wiki/Pat_Quinn_(politician)" title="Pat Quinn (politician)">Pat Quinn</a> only spent 68 days and 40 nights in Springfield as per his official schedule.<sup id="cite_ref-Gauen_99-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gauen-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_Urbana-Champaign" title="University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign">University of Illinois</a> researcher and former member of the Illinois legislature <a href="/wiki/Jim_Nowlan" title="Jim Nowlan">Jim Nowlan</a> stated "It's almost like Chicago is becoming the shadow capital of Illinois" and that "Springfield is almost become a hinterland outpost."<sup id="cite_ref-INN_100-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-INN-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lawrence criticized the fact that state officials spent little time in Springfield since it estranged them from and devalued Illinois state employees based in that city.<sup id="cite_ref-INN_100-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-INN-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Gauen, "Illinois seems rather unlikely to move its official capital to Chicago".<sup id="cite_ref-Gauen_99-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gauen-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Townships">Townships</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Illinois&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Townships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_highlighting_Capital_Township,_Sangamon_County,_Illinois.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Map_highlighting_Capital_Township%2C_Sangamon_County%2C_Illinois.svg/220px-Map_highlighting_Capital_Township%2C_Sangamon_County%2C_Illinois.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Map_highlighting_Capital_Township%2C_Sangamon_County%2C_Illinois.svg/330px-Map_highlighting_Capital_Township%2C_Sangamon_County%2C_Illinois.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Map_highlighting_Capital_Township%2C_Sangamon_County%2C_Illinois.svg/440px-Map_highlighting_Capital_Township%2C_Sangamon_County%2C_Illinois.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Outline of the Township area and the City of Springfield in Sangamon County</figcaption></figure> <p>The Capital Township formed from <a href="/wiki/Springfield_Township,_Sangamon_County,_Illinois" title="Springfield Township, Sangamon County, Illinois">Springfield Township</a> on July 1, 1877, and was established and named by the Sangamon County Board on March 6, 1878. The limits of the township and City of Springfield were made co-extensive on February 17, 1892, but are no longer so with subsequent annexation by the City of Springfield. There are three functions of this township: assessing property, collection first property tax payment, and assisting residents that live in the township. One thing that makes the Capital township unique is that the township never has to raise taxes for road work, since the roads are maintained by the Springfield Department of Public Works.<sup id="cite_ref-Capital_Township_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Capital_Township-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Illinois_Archives_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Illinois_Archives-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 21st century Springfield annexed large parts of Springfield and <a href="/wiki/Woodside_Township,_Sangamon_County,_Illinois" title="Woodside Township, Sangamon County, Illinois">Woodside</a> townships. The annexed parcels remained part of their original townships despite being within the Springfield city limits.<sup id="cite_ref-portions_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-portions-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Law_enforcement">Law enforcement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Illinois&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Law enforcement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Springfield_Illinois_Police_Department_Ford_Explorer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Springfield_Illinois_Police_Department_Ford_Explorer.jpg/220px-Springfield_Illinois_Police_Department_Ford_Explorer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Springfield_Illinois_Police_Department_Ford_Explorer.jpg/330px-Springfield_Illinois_Police_Department_Ford_Explorer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Springfield_Illinois_Police_Department_Ford_Explorer.jpg/440px-Springfield_Illinois_Police_Department_Ford_Explorer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2128" data-file-height="2681" /></a><figcaption>Ford Police Interceptor Utility</figcaption></figure> <p>The Springfield Police Department was founded in 1840 as part of the city charter. As of 2020, the police chief was Kenneth Scarlette and the department had 242 employees. </p><p>Springfield Police officer Samuel Rosario was arrested by the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_State_Police" title="Illinois State Police">Illinois State Police</a> on February 28, 2017, after fighting with a teenager on charges of official misconduct and battery. He was found guilty of official misconduct in August 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2024, <a href="/wiki/Sangamon_County_Sheriff%E2%80%99s_Office_(Illinois)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sangamon County Sheriff’s Office (Illinois)">Sangamon County sheriff</a>'s deputy Sean Grayson was fired, and subsequently charged with first-degree murder, following the <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Sonya_Massey" title="Killing of Sonya Massey">Killing of Sonya Massey</a> in Springfield.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Illinois&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:X_Picnic_181.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/X_Picnic_181.jpg/220px-X_Picnic_181.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/X_Picnic_181.jpg/330px-X_Picnic_181.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/X_Picnic_181.jpg/440px-X_Picnic_181.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>The Colonnade, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_Springfield" title="University of Illinois Springfield">University of Illinois Springfield</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Springfield is currently home to six public and private high schools. </p><p>The Springfield public school district is <a href="/wiki/Springfield_School_District_186" title="Springfield School District 186">District No. 186.</a> District 186 operates 24 elementary schools and an early learning center, (pre-K). District 186 operates three high schools, <a href="/wiki/Lanphier_High_School" title="Lanphier High School">Lanphier High School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Springfield_High_School_(Illinois)" title="Springfield High School (Illinois)">Springfield High School</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_High_School_(Springfield,_Illinois)" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeast High School (Springfield, Illinois)">Springfield Southeast High School</a>, which replaced Feitshans High School in 1967, and five middle schools.<sup id="cite_ref-schools_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schools-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Springfield's <a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart-Griffin_High_School" title="Sacred Heart-Griffin High School">Sacred Heart-Griffin High School</a> is a city Catholic high school.<sup id="cite_ref-sacred_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sacred-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other area high schools include Calvary Academy and <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_High_School_(Springfield,_Illinois)" title="Lutheran High School (Springfield, Illinois)">Lutheran High School</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lhs_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lhs-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ursuline_Academy_(Illinois)" title="Ursuline Academy (Illinois)">Ursuline Academy</a> was a second Catholic high school founded in 1857, first as an all-girls school, and converted to co-ed in 1981. The school was closed in 2007. </p><p>Springfield hosts one University. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_Springfield" title="University of Illinois Springfield">University of Illinois Springfield</a> (UIS, formerly Sangamon State University), which is located on the southeast side of the city. </p><p>Springfield is also home to a junior college <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Land_Community_College" title="Lincoln Land Community College">Lincoln Land Community College</a>, located just south of UIS. From 1875 to 1976, Springfield was also home to <a href="/wiki/Concordia_Theological_Seminary" title="Concordia Theological Seminary">Concordia Theological Seminary</a>. The seminary was moved back to its original home of <a href="/wiki/Fort_Wayne,_Indiana" title="Fort Wayne, Indiana">Fort Wayne, Indiana</a>, and the campus now serves as the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Department_of_Corrections" title="Illinois Department of Corrections">Illinois Department of Corrections</a> Academy. </p><p>The city is home to the Springfield campus of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Illinois_University_School_of_Medicine" title="Southern Illinois University School of Medicine">Southern Illinois University School of Medicine</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-siu_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-siu-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which includes Simmons Cancer Institute in Springfield's Medical District.<sup id="cite_ref-building_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-building-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Illinois&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i><a href="/wiki/State_Journal-Register" class="mw-redirect" title="State Journal-Register">State Journal-Register</a></i> is the primary daily newspaper for Springfield, and its surrounding area. The newspaper was founded in 1831 as the <i>Sangamon Journal</i>, and claims to be "the oldest newspaper in Illinois".<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The local alternative weekly is the <i><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Times" title="Illinois Times">Illinois Times</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television_stations">Television stations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Illinois&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Television stations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Springfield is part of the Springfield-Decatur-Champaign TV market.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Four TV stations broadcast from the Springfield area: <a href="/wiki/WCIX" title="WCIX">WCIX</a> MYTV 49, <a href="/wiki/WICS" title="WICS">WICS</a> ABC 20, <a href="/wiki/WRSP" class="mw-redirect" title="WRSP">WRSP</a> FOX 55, and <a href="/wiki/WSEC" title="WSEC">WSEC</a> PBS 14. Both WICS and WRSP are currently owned by the same parent company Sinclair Broadcast Group. Springfield is also served by two stations in <a href="/wiki/Decatur,_Illinois" title="Decatur, Illinois">Decatur</a>, <a href="/wiki/WAND" class="mw-redirect" title="WAND">WAND</a> NBC 17 and <a href="/wiki/WBUI" title="WBUI">WBUI</a> CW 23, and two stations in <a href="/wiki/Champaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Champaign">Champaign</a>, <a href="/wiki/WCIA" title="WCIA">WCIA</a> CBS 3 and <a href="/wiki/WILL-TV" title="WILL-TV">WILL</a> PBS 12. One television station that has since ceased to exist was <a href="/wiki/WJJY-TV" title="WJJY-TV">WJJY-TV</a>, which operated in the Springfield area for three years (1969–1971).<sup id="cite_ref-Fall_of_WJJY-TV_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fall_of_WJJY-TV-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radio_stations">Radio stations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Illinois&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Radio stations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following radio stations broadcast in the Springfield area:<sup id="cite_ref-Illinois_Radio_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Illinois_Radio-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Springfield_Media_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Springfield_Media-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WTTT_(FM)" title="WTTT (FM)">WTTT</a> 88.9 FM</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WLUJ" title="WLUJ">WLUJ</a> 89.7 FM</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WSCT" class="mw-redirect" title="WSCT">WSCT</a> 90.5 FM</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WUIS" title="WUIS">WUIS</a> 91.9 FM</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WMAY-FM" title="WMAY-FM">WMAY-FM</a> 92.7 FM</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WTAX-FM" title="WTAX-FM">WTAX-FM</a> 93.9 FM</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WCVS" class="mw-redirect" title="WCVS">WCVS</a> 96.7 FM</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WQLZ" title="WQLZ">WQLZ</a> 97.7 FM</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNNS" title="WNNS">WNNS</a> 98.7 FM</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WXAJ" title="WXAJ">WXAJ</a> 99.7 FM</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WYMG" title="WYMG">WYMG</a> 100.5 FM</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WLFZ" title="WLFZ">WLFZ</a> 101.9 FM</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WDBR" title="WDBR">WDBR</a> 103.7 FM</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WFMB-FM" title="WFMB-FM">WFMB-FM</a> 104.5 FM.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WMAY" title="WMAY">WMAY</a> 970 AM/94.7 FM and 102.5 FM</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WTAX_(AM)" title="WTAX (AM)">WTAX</a> 1240 AM/93.5 FM</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WFMB_(AM)" title="WFMB (AM)">WFMB</a> 1450 AM/92.3 FM</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WCIC" title="WCIC">WCIC</a> 90.5 FM</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Illinois&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Infrastructure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Springfield,_IL_Union_Station_(3827212437).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Springfield%2C_IL_Union_Station_%283827212437%29.jpg/220px-Springfield%2C_IL_Union_Station_%283827212437%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Springfield%2C_IL_Union_Station_%283827212437%29.jpg/330px-Springfield%2C_IL_Union_Station_%283827212437%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Springfield%2C_IL_Union_Station_%283827212437%29.jpg/440px-Springfield%2C_IL_Union_Station_%283827212437%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2083" data-file-height="1461" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Springfield_Union_Station_(Illinois)" title="Springfield Union Station (Illinois)">Springfield Union Station</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health_systems">Health systems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Illinois&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Health systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are two Springfield hospitals, <a href="/wiki/Memorial_Medical_Center_(Springfield,_Illinois)" class="mw-redirect" title="Memorial Medical Center (Springfield, Illinois)">Memorial Medical Center</a> and <a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Hospital_(Springfield,_Illinois)" title="St. John's Hospital (Springfield, Illinois)">St. John's Hospital</a>. A third hospital, originally Springfield Community Hospital, and later renamed Doctor's Hospital operated on Springfield's south side until 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kindred_Healthcare" title="Kindred Healthcare">Kindred Healthcare</a> opened a long term <a href="/wiki/Acute_care" title="Acute care">acute care</a> hospital in Springfield in 2010, however, the facility was purchased by Vibra Healthcare in 2013, and was operated by Vibra under the name Vibra Hospital of Springfield<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> until it closed in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>St. John's Hospital is home to the Prairie Heart Institute, which performs more cardiovascular procedures than any other hospital in Illinois.<sup id="cite_ref-over_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-over-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dominant health care providers in the area are SIU HealthCare and Springfield Clinic. The major medical education center in the area is the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Illinois_University_School_of_Medicine" title="Southern Illinois University School of Medicine">Southern Illinois University School of Medicine</a>. The major regional cancer center is the SIU Simmons Cancer Institute. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_utilities">Public utilities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Illinois&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Public utilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The owner of Lake Springfield – <a href="/wiki/City_Water,_Light_%26_Power" title="City Water, Light & Power">City Water, Light & Power</a> – supplies electric power generated from the Dallman Power Plants to the city of Springfield and eight surrounding communities. The company also provides these cities and towns with water from the lake. In 2005, ground was broken for a third municipally-owned power plant, which came online in 2009. <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">Natural gas</a> is provided via <a href="/wiki/Ameren" title="Ameren">Ameren Illinois</a>, formerly Central Illinois Light Company (CILCO).<sup id="cite_ref-profileplanning_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-profileplanning-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transportation">Transportation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Illinois&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Interstate_55" title="Interstate 55">Interstate 55</a> runs from north to south past Springfield, while <a href="/wiki/Interstate_72" title="Interstate 72">I-72</a>, which is concurrent with <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_36_in_Illinois" title="U.S. Route 36 in Illinois">U.S. Route 36</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a> state line to <a href="/wiki/Decatur,_Illinois" title="Decatur, Illinois">Decatur</a>, runs from east to west. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a> serves <a href="/wiki/Springfield_station_(Illinois)" title="Springfield station (Illinois)">Springfield</a> daily with its <i><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Service" title="Lincoln Service">Lincoln Service</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Texas_Eagle" title="Texas Eagle">Texas Eagle</a></i> routes. Service consists of four <i>Lincoln Service</i> round-trips between <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Union_Station" title="Chicago Union Station">Chicago</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gateway_Transportation_Center" title="Gateway Transportation Center">St. Louis</a>, and one <i>Texas Eagle</i> round-trip between <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio_station_(Texas)" title="San Antonio station (Texas)">San Antonio</a> and Chicago. Three days a week, the <i>Eagle</i> continues on to <a href="/wiki/Union_Station_(Los_Angeles)" title="Union Station (Los Angeles)">Los Angeles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Springfield is served by the following freight railroads: <a href="/wiki/Canadian_National" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian National">Canadian National</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illinois_and_Midland_Railroad" title="Illinois and Midland Railroad">Illinois and Midland Railroad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Southern_Railway" title="Kansas City Southern Railway">Kansas City Southern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Southern" class="mw-redirect" title="Norfolk Southern">Norfolk Southern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Union_Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Pacific">Union Pacific</a>. Springfield is also served by <a href="/wiki/Greyhound_Lines" title="Greyhound Lines">Greyhound</a> buses at a station on North Dirksen Parkway. </p><p>Local mass transportation needs are met by a bus service. The <a href="/wiki/Sangamon_Mass_Transit_District" title="Sangamon Mass Transit District">Sangamon Mass Transit District</a> (SMTD) operates Springfield's bus system.<sup id="cite_ref-SMTD_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SMTD-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city also lies along historic <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_66" title="U.S. Route 66">Route 66</a>. </p><p>Border thoroughfare traffic is handled by Veterans Parkway and J. David Jones Parkway on the west side, <a href="/wiki/Everett_M._Dirksen" class="mw-redirect" title="Everett M. Dirksen">Everett M. Dirksen</a> Parkway on the east side, Sangamon Avenue on the north end, and Wabash Avenue, Stanford Avenue, and <a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II" title="Adlai Stevenson II">Adlai Stevenson</a> Drive on the south end. The far south corridor is served by Toronto and Woodside Roads. Thoroughfare traffic through the heart of the city is provided by a series of one-way streets. Fifth and Sixth Streets serve the bulk of the north–south traffic, with Fourth and Seventh Streets serving additional traffic between North Grand and South Grand Avenues. East–west traffic is handled by Jefferson Street, entering Springfield on the west side from <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Route_97" title="Illinois Route 97">IL 97</a>, and then splitting into a pair of one-way streets at Amos Avenue (Madison eastbound and Jefferson westbound). The two converge again after Eleventh Street to become Clearlake Avenue, which in turn converges into I-72 eastbound just past Dirksen Parkway. Additional east–west one-way streets run through the downtown areas of Springfield, including Monroe, Adams, Washington, and Cook Streets, as well as a stretch of Lawrence Avenue. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_Capital_Airport" title="Abraham Lincoln Capital Airport">Abraham Lincoln Capital Airport</a> serves the capital city with scheduled passenger jet service to <a href="/wiki/O%27Hare_International_Airport" title="O'Hare International Airport">Chicago O'Hare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fort_Myers" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Myers">Fort Myers</a> (via the <a href="/wiki/Punta_Gorda_Airport_(Florida)" title="Punta Gorda Airport (Florida)">Punta Gorda Airport</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Orlando,_Florida" title="Orlando, Florida">Orlando</a> (via the <a href="/wiki/Orlando_Sanford_International_Airport" title="Orlando Sanford International Airport">Sanford Airport</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Airports_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Airports-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Springfield and the surrounding metropolitan area has constructed bike trails and bike lanes on a number of streets. Currently four main trails exist; two significant paved trails, the <a href="/wiki/Interurban_Trail_(Sangamon_County)" title="Interurban Trail (Sangamon County)">Interurban Trail</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Lost_Bridge_Trail" title="Lost Bridge Trail">Lost Bridge Trail</a>, serve Springfield and its suburbs of <a href="/wiki/Chatham,_Illinois" title="Chatham, Illinois">Chatham, Illinois</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rochester,_Illinois" title="Rochester, Illinois">Rochester, Illinois</a> respectively. The Lost Bridge Trail has been extended further into Springfield by the <b>Bunn to Lost Bridge Trail</b>, which follows a stretch of Ash Street and Taylor Avenue. Plans are to extend it further still to Stanford Avenue.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A third trail, the <a href="/wiki/Wabash_Trail_(Sangamon_County)" title="Wabash Trail (Sangamon County)">Wabash Trail</a>, extends westward from the northern end of the <a href="/wiki/Interurban_Trail_(Sangamon_County)" title="Interurban Trail (Sangamon County)">Interurban Trail</a> toward Parkway Pointe, a regional shopping destination. </p><p>The fourth trail is a section, opened in July 2011, of the <a href="/wiki/Sangamon_Valley_Trail" title="Sangamon Valley Trail">Sangamon Valley Trail</a> spanning north to south through the west central part of Sangamon County. The section open as of 2011 extends northward from Centennial Park to Stuart Park.<sup id="cite_ref-Young_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Young-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This trail, if completed in its entirety, will reuse the entire Sangamon County portion of the abandoned <a href="/wiki/St._Louis,_Peoria_and_North_Western_Railway" title="St. Louis, Peoria and North Western Railway">St. Louis, Peoria and North Western Railway</a> railroad line as a trail that will extend from <a href="/wiki/Girard,_Illinois" title="Girard, Illinois">Girard, Illinois</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Athens,_Illinois" title="Athens, Illinois">Athens, Illinois</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Illinois&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Springfield,_Illinois" title="List of people from Springfield, Illinois">List of people from Springfield, Illinois</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sister_cities">Sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Illinois&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Springfield, Illinois has two <a href="/wiki/Town_twinning" class="mw-redirect" title="Town twinning">sister cities</a>, as designated by <a href="/wiki/Sister_Cities_International" title="Sister Cities International">Sister Cities International</a>: </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></span></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/San_Pedro,_Coahuila" title="San Pedro, Coahuila">San Pedro</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Coahuila" title="Coahuila">Coahuila</a> (Mexico)<sup id="cite_ref-Spring_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spring-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Ashikaga,_Tochigi" title="Ashikaga, Tochigi">Ashikaga</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Tochigi_Prefecture" title="Tochigi Prefecture">Tochigi</a> (Japan)<sup id="cite_ref-Spring_125-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spring-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>It maintains a "Friendship" city designation with <a href="/wiki/Killarney" title="Killarney">Killarney, Ireland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Illinois&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Illinois.svg/32px-Flag_of_Illinois.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Illinois.svg/48px-Flag_of_Illinois.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Illinois.svg/64px-Flag_of_Illinois.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Illinois" title="Portal:Illinois">Illinois portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Butler_National_Cemetery" title="Camp Butler National Cemetery">Camp Butler National Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Executive_Mansion" class="mw-redirect" title="Illinois Executive Mansion">Illinois Executive Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_State_Capitol_State_Historic_Site" title="Old State Capitol State Historic Site">Illinois Old State Capitol (Springfield)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_State_Capitol" title="Illinois State Capitol">Illinois State Capitol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanphier_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanphier Park">Lanphier Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Surveying" title="National Museum of Surveying">National Museum of Surveying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Springfield" title="USS Springfield">USS Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Springfield_(SSN-761)" title="USS Springfield (SSN-761)">USS <i>Springfield</i> (SSN-761)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Oaks_Mall_(Springfield,_Illinois)" title="White Oaks Mall (Springfield, Illinois)">White Oaks Mall</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Illinois&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Springfield-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Springfield_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.springfield.il.us/">Official website</a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-portions-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-portions_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-portions_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output 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.cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKeck2023" class="citation news cs1">Keck, Patrick (February 20, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sj-r.com/story/news/local/2023/02/20/voters-face-township-annexation-advisory-questions/69901020007/">"Election 2023: Portions of two townships could be annexed into Springfield"</a>. <i>State Journal-Register</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230220121938/https://www.sj-r.com/story/news/local/2023/02/20/voters-face-township-annexation-advisory-questions/69901020007/">Archived</a> from the original on February 20, 2023<span 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 16,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Estimates+of+Resident+Population+Change+and+Rankings%3A+July+1%2C+2012+to+July+1%2C+2013&rft.pub=U.S.+Census+Bureau%2C+Population+Division&rft.date=2014-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder.census.gov%2Fbkmk%2Ftable%2F1.0%2Fen%2FPEP%2F2013%2FPEPANNCHG.US24PR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Illinois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Callhoun-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Callhoun_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usacitiesonline.com/ilcountyspringfield.htm#history">Springfield history</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070103004432/http://www.usacitiesonline.com/ilcountyspringfield.htm#history">Archived</a> January 3, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Retrieved on February 21, 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Quincynet.com-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Quincynet.com_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quincynet.com_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quincynet.com_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120401190814/http://www.quincynet.com/daytrips/springfieldNOlincoln/index.htm"><i>Springfield, Illinois</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.quincynet.com/daytrips/springfieldNOlincoln/index.htm">the original</a> on April 1, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 7,</span> 2017</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Springfield%2C+Illinois&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.quincynet.com%2Fdaytrips%2FspringfieldNOlincoln%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Illinois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Visit_Springfield-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Visit_Springfield_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Visit_Springfield_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Visit_Springfield_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Visit_Springfield_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120305143316/http://www.visit-springfieldillinois.com/About/Sketch.asp"><i>A Brief Sketch of Springfield, Illinois</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visit-springfieldillinois.com/About/Sketch.asp">the original</a> on March 5, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 7,</span> 2017</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Brief+Sketch+of+Springfield%2C+Illinois&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visit-springfieldillinois.com%2FAbout%2FSketch.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Illinois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John C. 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Retrieved February 20, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-about-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-about_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cwlp.com/about_cwlp/about.htm">About CWLP</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070203205738/http://www.cwlp.com/about_cwlp/about.htm">Archived</a> February 3, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, City Water, Light & Power, City of Springfield. Retrieved February 20, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-levels-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-levels_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-levels_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-levels_35-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-levels_35-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cwlp.com/Lake_Springfield/Lake_Levels/lake_water_levels.htm">Lake Water Levels</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070203235333/http://www.cwlp.com/lake_springfield/lake_levels/lake_water_levels.htm">Archived</a> February 3, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, City Water, Light & Power, City of Springfield. Retrieved February 24, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-precip-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-precip_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.met.utah.edu/jhorel/html/wx/climate/normrain.html">Normal Monthly Precipitation, Inches</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060901073251/http://www.met.utah.edu/jhorel/html/wx/climate/normrain.html">Archived</a> September 1, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Department of Meteorology, University of Utah. 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Retrieved February 24, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-release-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-release_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-release_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.springfield.il.us/RELEASES/2006%20Releases/NewSirens.htm">New City Tornado Sirens are Fully Operational</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928084117/http://www.springfield.il.us/RELEASES/2006%20Releases/NewSirens.htm">Archived</a> September 28, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Press Release, City of Springfield. Retrieved February 21, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lahood-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lahood_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.house.gov/lahood/20050223Fire.htm">Springfield and Quincy Fire Department Awarded $146,646 in Homeland Security Grants</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070304162058/http://www.house.gov/lahood/20050223Fire.htm">Archived</a> March 4, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Press Release, Office of Congressman Ray Lahood, February 23, 2005. Retrieved March 7, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-minutes-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-minutes_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.springfield.il.us/cityclerk/Minutes/2006%20Minutes/April%204%2006%20Final%20Minutes.pdf">Minutes of the Springfield City Council – April 4, 2006</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060927201809/http://www.springfield.il.us/CityClerk/Minutes/2006%20Minutes/April%204%2006%20Final%20Minutes.pdf">Archived</a> September 27, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, (<a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a>), City of Springfield, City Clerk. Retrieved March 7, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=ilx">"NOWData – NOAA Online Weather Data"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210318054551/https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=ilx">Archived</a> from the original on March 18, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NOWData+%E2%80%93+NOAA+Online+Weather+Data&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fw2.weather.gov%2Fclimate%2Fxmacis.php%3Fwfo%3Dilx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Illinois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USW00093822&format=pdf">"Summary of Monthly Normals 1991–2020"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203755/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USW00093822&format=pdf">Archived</a> from the original on June 24, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Summary+of+Monthly+Normals+1991%E2%80%932020&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncei.noaa.gov%2Faccess%2Fservices%2Fdata%2Fv1%3Fdataset%3Dnormals-monthly-1991-2020%26startDate%3D0001-01-01%26endDate%3D9996-12-31%26stations%3DUSW00093822%26format%3Dpdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Illinois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NOAAsun-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NOAAsun_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_IV/US/GROUP3/72439.TXT">"WMO Climate Normals for Springfield/Capital ARPT, IL 1961–1990"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 10,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WMO+Climate+Normals+for+Springfield%2FCapital+ARPT%2C+IL+1961%E2%80%931990&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=ftp%3A%2F%2Fftp.atdd.noaa.gov%2Fpub%2FGCOS%2FWMO-Normals%2FTABLES%2FREG_IV%2FUS%2FGROUP3%2F72439.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Illinois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sangamoncountyhistory.org/wp/?p=2166">"The Grand Avenues"</a>. October 26, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200804052454/https://sangamoncountyhistory.org/wp/?p=2166">Archived</a> from the original on August 4, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 15,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Grand+Avenues&rft.date=2013-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsangamoncountyhistory.org%2Fwp%2F%3Fp%3D2166&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Illinois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-neigh-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-neigh_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.springfield.il.us/Oped/neighborhoods.htm">Neighborhood Associations</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070212190831/http://www.springfield.il.us/Oped/neighborhoods.htm">Archived</a> February 12, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Office of Planning & Economic Development, City of Springfield. Retrieved March 11, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lp-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lp_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lpnaspringfield.org/boundry.asp">Boundaries</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929171437/http://www.lpnaspringfield.org/boundry.asp">Archived</a> 2007-09-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", <i>Lincoln Park Neighborhood Association</i>. Retrieved May 20, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGray2022" class="citation map cs1">Gray, Don (September 16, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://countyclerk.sangamonil.gov/Elections/Information/documents/Spfld_WardFinal_D.pdf"><i>City of Springfield Ward Map</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Map). Sangamon County<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 24,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=City+of+Springfield+Ward+Map&rft.pub=Sangamon+County&rft.date=2022-09-16&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=Don&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcountyclerk.sangamonil.gov%2FElections%2FInformation%2Fdocuments%2FSpfld_WardFinal_D.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Illinois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DecennialCensus-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DecennialCensus_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html">"Census of Population and Housing"</a>. Census.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220228083025/https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 28, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+of+Population+and+Housing&rft.pub=Census.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprod%2Fwww%2Fdecennial.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Illinois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2000CensusP004-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2000CensusP004_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table?g=160XX00US1772000&tid=DECENNIALSF12000.P004">"P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Springfield city, Illinois"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 26,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=P004%3A+Hispanic+or+Latino%2C+and+Not+Hispanic+or+Latino+by+Race+%E2%80%93+2000%3A+DEC+Summary+File+1+%E2%80%93+Springfield+city%2C+Illinois&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Ftable%3Fg%3D160XX00US1772000%26tid%3DDECENNIALSF12000.P004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Illinois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2010CensusP2-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2010CensusP2_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US1772000&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2">"P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Springfield city, Illinois"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.atitle=P2+Hispanic+or+Latino%2C+and+Not+Hispanic+or+Latino+by+Race+%E2%80%93+2010%3A+DEC+Redistricting+Data+%28PL+94-171%29+%E2%80%93+Springfield+city%2C+Illinois&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Fcedsci%2Ftable%3Fq%3Dp2%26g%3D160XX00US1772000%26tid%3DDECENNIALPL2010.P2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Illinois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2020CensusP2-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2020CensusP2_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US1772000&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2">"P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Springfield city, Illinois"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.atitle=P2+Hispanic+or+Latino%2C+and+Not+Hispanic+or+Latino+by+Race+%E2%80%93+2020%3A+DEC+Redistricting+Data+%28PL+94-171%29+%E2%80%93+Springfield+city%2C+Illinois&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Fcedsci%2Ftable%3Fq%3Dp2%26g%3D160XX00US1772000%26tid%3DDECENNIALPL2020.P2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Illinois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120812191959/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html">"Illinois – Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990"</a>. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html">the original</a> on August 12, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Illinois+%E2%80%93+Race+and+Hispanic+Origin+for+Selected+Cities+and+Other+Places%3A+Earliest+Census+to+1990&rft.pub=U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fpopulation%2Fwww%2Fdocumentation%2Ftwps0076%2Ftwps0076.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Illinois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GR2-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GR2_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/">"U.S. Census website"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19961227012639/https://www.census.gov/">Archived</a> from the original on December 27, 1996<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 31,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Census+website&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Illinois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-planning-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-planning_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-planning_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.springfield.il.us/Oped/employers.htm">Major Springfield Employers</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070102100555/http://www.springfield.il.us/Oped/employers.htm">Archived</a> January 2, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Office of Planning and Economic Development, City of Springfield. Retrieved February 24, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bls-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bls_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bls_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bls_55-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bls.gov/eag/eag.il_springfield_msa.htm">"Springfield, IL Economy at a Glance"</a>. Bls.gov. February 28, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140305151618/http://www.bls.gov/eag/eag.il_springfield_msa.htm">Archived</a> from the original on March 5, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 5,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Springfield%2C+IL+Economy+at+a+Glance&rft.pub=Bls.gov&rft.date=2014-02-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bls.gov%2Feag%2Feag.il_springfield_msa.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Illinois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wage-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wage_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wage_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140916013251/http://livingwage.mit.edu/places/1716772000">"Living Wage Calculation for Springfield city, Sangamon County, Illinois"</a>. Living Wage Project. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://livingwage.mit.edu/places/1716772000">the original</a> on September 16, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Living+Wage+Calculation+for+Springfield+city%2C+Sangamon+County%2C+Illinois&rft.pub=Living+Wage+Project&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flivingwage.mit.edu%2Fplaces%2F1716772000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Illinois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.springfield.il.us/Government/2021/2021CAFR.pdf">"City of Springfield CAFR 2021"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220719051048/https://www.springfield.il.us/Government/2021/2021CAFR.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on July 19, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 19,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=City+of+Springfield+CAFR+2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.springfield.il.us%2FGovernment%2F2021%2F2021CAFR.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Illinois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lindsay-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lindsay_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wood, Thomas J. and Kirsch, Sarah. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uis.edu/archives/lindsay/intro.html">"Rhymes to Be Traded for Bread"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070205120400/http://www.uis.edu/archives/lindsay/intro.html">Archived</a> February 5, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Web Exhibit, University of Illinois Springfield. Retrieved February 21, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lewis-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lewis_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.springfield.il.us/Commissions/HistSites/JohnLewisHouse.asp">John L. Lewis House</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061006020539/http://www.springfield.il.us/Commissions/HistSites/JohnLewisHouse.asp">Archived</a> October 6, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Historic Sites Commission of Springfield, Illinois. Retrieved February 21, 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-post-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-post_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hales, Linda. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn?node=cityguide/profile&id=792121">Getting One's Fill at Hillwood</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180824124414/https://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/?node=cityguide%2Fprofile&id=792121">Archived</a> August 24, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Editorial Review, <i>Washington Post</i>, September 24, 2000. Retrieved February 21, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-smith-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-smith_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurdin2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Murdin" title="Paul Murdin">Murdin, Paul</a>, ed. (2000). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 18,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Library+of+Congress&rft.atitle=Protestant+Exiles+from+Madeira+in+Illinois&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Frr%2Fhispanic%2Fportam%2Fexiles.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Illinois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Springfield_Railroads_Improvement_Project-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Springfield_Railroads_Improvement_Project_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin" class="citation web cs1">Martin, Andrea. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160501161421/http://springfieldrailroad.com/newsite/pdfs/SRIP_CarpenterStreet_FAQ_FINAL8-25-15.pdf">"Carpenter Street Underpass"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Springfield Railroads Improvement Project</i>. US Department of Transportation Federal Railroad Administration and the Illinois Historic Preservation Agency. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://springfieldrailroad.com/newsite/pdfs/SRIP_CarpenterStreet_FAQ_FINAL8-25-15.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on May 1, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 23,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Springfield+Railroads+Improvement+Project&rft.atitle=Carpenter+Street+Underpass&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspringfieldrailroad.com%2Fnewsite%2Fpdfs%2FSRIP_CarpenterStreet_FAQ_FINAL8-25-15.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Illinois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Illinois Authors on the Illinois State Library <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.cyberdriveillinois.com/departments/library/about/illinois_authors.html">http://www.cyberdriveillinois.com/departments/library/about/illinois_authors.html</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130719214928/http://www.cyberdriveillinois.com/departments/library/about/illinois_authors.html">Archived</a> July 19, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Accessed 8/30/13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-artie-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-artie_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p306234">Artie Matthews</a>, Biography, AllMusic. 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Retrieved February 21, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402163511/http://blacksheepspringfield.com/">"The Black Sheep Cafe"</a>. <i>Black Sheep</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blacksheepspringfield.com">the original</a> on April 2, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Black+Sheep&rft.atitle=The+Black+Sheep+Cafe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblacksheepspringfield.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Illinois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SOCAF-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SOCAF_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140502003059/http://www.socaf.org/">"The Springfield Old Capitol Art Fair :: Springfield Illinois"</a>. <i>www.socaf.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.socaf.org/">the original</a> on May 2, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.centralillinoisfilmcommission.com/?p=1431">the original</a> on November 24, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 15,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annual+Route+66+Film+Festival&rft.pub=Central+Illinois+Film+Commission&rft.au=staff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.centralillinoisfilmcommission.com%2F%3Fp%3D1431&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Illinois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Independent-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Independent_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aRMnAQAAIAAJ&q=%22route+66+film+festival%22"><i>The Independent: A Magazine for Video and Filmmakers</i></a>. Vol. 28. Foundation for Independent Video and Film. 2005. pp. 56–58.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Independent%3A+A+Magazine+for+Video+and+Filmmakers&rft.pages=56-58&rft.pub=Foundation+for+Independent+Video+and+Film&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaRMnAQAAIAAJ%26q%3D%2522route%2B66%2Bfilm%2Bfestival%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Illinois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-uis-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-uis_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140305151833/http://library.uis.edu/archives/collections/oral/pdf/WALDMIRE.pdf">"Interview with Edwin Waldmire – Illinois Regional Archives Depository (IRAD)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Oral History Collections</i>. Brookens Library, University of Illinois Springfield. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.uis.edu/archives/collections/oral/pdf/WALDMIRE.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on March 5, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved February 24, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hot-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hot_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrisLyon2006" class="citation news cs1">Harris, Patricia; Lyon, David (November 20, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boston.com/ae/food/articles/2006/11/20/the_hottest_thing_in_sandwiches">"The hottest thing in sandwiches"</a>. <i>Boston Globe</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061202053155/http://www.boston.com/ae/food/articles/2006/11/20/the_hottest_thing_in_sandwiches/">Archived</a> from the original on December 2, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 24,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=The+hottest+thing+in+sandwiches&rft.date=2006-11-20&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft.au=Lyon%2C+David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boston.com%2Fae%2Ffood%2Farticles%2F2006%2F11%2F20%2Fthe_hottest_thing_in_sandwiches&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Illinois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reisch-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-reisch_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ulib.niu.edu:2072/pqdweb?index=0&did=625286242&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1173534473&clientId=8829">"117-Year-Old Brewing Co. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 10,</span> 2007</span> – via ProQuest.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=117-Year-Old+Brewing+Co.+Closes&rft.pages=C6&rft.date=1966-08-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ulib.niu.edu%3A2072%2Fpqdweb%3Findex%3D0%26did%3D625286242%26SrchMode%3D1%26sid%3D1%26Fmt%3D10%26VInst%3DPROD%26VType%3DPQD%26RQT%3D309%26VName%3DHNP%26TS%3D1173534473%26clientId%3D8829&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Illinois" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-guide-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-guide_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pearson, Rick. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20090114181451/http://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/chi-0702080400feb09,1,316033.story">"A Guide for the National Press"</a>, <i>Chicago Tribune</i>, February 9, 2007. Retrieved February 23, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wills-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wills_76-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wills_76-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Zimmerman-Wills, Penny. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.illinoistimes.com/gyrobase/Content?oid=oid%3A2233">"Capital City Chilli"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070218172421/http://www.illinoistimes.com/gyrobase/Content?oid=oid%3A2233">Archived</a> February 18, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Illinois Times</i>, January 30, 2003, Retrieved February 23, 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-conv-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-conv_77-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-conv_77-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visit-springfieldillinois.com/About/FunFacts.asp">About the City</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070315001138/http://www.visit-springfieldillinois.com/About/FunFacts.asp">Archived</a> March 15, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Springfield, Illinois Convention and Visitors Bureau. Retrieved February 23, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thomas-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-thomas_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas, Benjamin P. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=25051697">Abraham Lincoln: A Biography</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120529073359/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=25051697">Archived</a> May 29, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, Alfred Knopf: New York, (1952). Retrieved February 24, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Qatar-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Qatar_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qatarembassy.net/The%20visit%20of%20The%20Emir%20of%20Qatar%20to%20The%20United%20States%202005.asp">The visit of The Emir of Qatar to the United States (May 2005)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070502103756/http://www.qatarembassy.net/The%20visit%20of%20The%20Emir%20of%20Qatar%20to%20The%20United%20States%202005.asp">Archived</a> May 2, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Press Release, Embassy of the State of Qatar in Washington, D.C.. Retrieved February 24, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lib-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lib_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alplm.org/home.html#">Museum Dedication – A Look Back</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090215200414/http://www.alplm.org/home.html">Archived</a> February 15, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, (note:automatically plays band music), Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum. 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Retrieved February 21, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ihpa-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ihpa_82-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ihpa_82-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.state.il.us/hpa/hs/dana_thomas.htm">Dana–Thomas House</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070825070830/http://www.state.il.us/hpa/hs/dana_thomas.htm">Archived</a> August 25, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, State Historic Sites, Illinois Historic Preservation Agency. Retrieved March 7, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-carillon-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-carillon_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.carillon-rees.org/html/festival.html">The 46th Annual Carillon Festival</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070319123349/http://www.carillon-rees.org/html/festival.html">Archived</a> March 19, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Press Release, Thomas Rees Memorial Carillon. Retrieved February 24, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-si4-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-si4_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/baseball/mlb/players/4639/">Jeff Fassero</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061231222105/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/baseball/mlb/players/4639/">Archived</a> December 31, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Player Pages, <i>Sports Illustrated</i>. Retrieved February 21, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-si-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-si_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/baseball/mlb/players/3874/">Kevin Seitzer</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050427062903/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/baseball/mlb/players/3874/">Archived</a> April 27, 2005, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Player Pages, <i>Sports Illustrated</i>. Retrieved February 21, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-si3-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-si3_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/baseball/mlb/players/7836/">Ryan O'Malley</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070212231227/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/baseball/mlb/players/7836/">Archived</a> February 12, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Player Pages, <i>Sports Illustrated</i>. Retrieved February 21, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-si2-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-si2_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/baseball/mlb/players/42960/">Robin Roberts</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070104195722/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/baseball/mlb/players/42960/">Archived</a> January 4, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Player Pages, <i>Sports Illustrated</i>. Retrieved February 21, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-trib-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-trib_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Lew_Freedman" title="Lew Freedman">Lew Freedman</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chicagosports.chicagotribune.com/sports/college/mensbasketball/cs-0702100185feb10,1,4280547.story?coll=cs-college-print">Gamble Paying Off</a>, <i>Chicago Tribune</i>, February 10, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nba-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nba_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nba.com/sixers/community/iguodala_060404.html">Andre Iguodala to Donate $19,000 to Assist Tornado Relief Efforts in Springfield, Ill.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060421042525/http://www.nba.com/sixers/community/iguodala_060404.html">Archived</a> April 21, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Press Release, Philadelphia 76ers, April 4, 2006. Retrieved February 21, 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://swimswam.com/bio/ryan-held/">"Ryan Held Bio – SwimSwam"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161013211810/https://swimswam.com/bio/ryan-held/">Archived</a> from the original on October 13, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 12,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ryan+Held+Bio+%E2%80%93+SwimSwam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fswimswam.com%2Fbio%2Fryan-held%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Illinois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-executive-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-executive_91-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-executive_91-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.municode.com/resources/gateway.asp?pid=12414&sid=13">Code of Ordinances</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061116201325/http://www.municode.com/resources/gateway.asp?pid=12414&sid=13">Archived</a> November 16, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, City of Springfield, Title III: Chapter 32: Article I – Executive Branch. Municode.com. Retrieved February 25, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-general-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-general_92-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-general_92-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-general_92-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.municode.com/resources/gateway.asp?pid=12414&sid=13">Code of Ordinances</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061116201325/http://www.municode.com/resources/gateway.asp?pid=12414&sid=13">Archived</a> November 16, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, City of Springfield, Title I: Chapter 30: General Provisions. Municode.com. Retrieved February 25, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-leg-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-leg_93-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-leg_93-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.municode.com/resources/gateway.asp?pid=12414&sid=13">Code of Ordinances</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061116201325/http://www.municode.com/resources/gateway.asp?pid=12414&sid=13">Archived</a> November 16, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, City of Springfield, Title III: Chapter 31: Legislative. Municode.com. Retrieved February 25, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlsen" class="citation web cs1">Olsen, Dean. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.illinoistimes.com/springfield/candidates-file-for-municipal-elections/Content?oid=16109399">"Candidates file for municipal elections"</a>. <i>Illinois Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230623050808/https://www.illinoistimes.com/springfield/candidates-file-for-municipal-elections/Content?oid=16109399">Archived</a> from the original on June 23, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 23,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Illinois+Times&rft.atitle=Candidates+file+for+municipal+elections&rft.aulast=Olsen&rft.aufirst=Dean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.illinoistimes.com%2Fspringfield%2Fcandidates-file-for-municipal-elections%2FContent%3Foid%3D16109399&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Illinois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sangamondemocrats.com/candidates.html">"Our Candidates"</a>. <i>Sangamon County Democratic Party</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230623050808/https://www.sangamondemocrats.com/candidates.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 23, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 23,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sangamon+County+Democratic+Party&rft.atitle=Our+Candidates&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sangamondemocrats.com%2Fcandidates.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Illinois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sangamonrepublicans.com/copy-of-federal-state-candidates">"CITY OF SPRINGFIELD"</a>. <i>My Site</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230623050809/https://www.sangamonrepublicans.com/copy-of-federal-state-candidates">Archived</a> from the original on June 23, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 23,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=My+Site&rft.atitle=CITY+OF+SPRINGFIELD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sangamonrepublicans.com%2Fcopy-of-federal-state-candidates&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Illinois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ILcon2-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ILcon2_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilga.gov/commission/lrb/con6.htm">Article IV – Section 4, Jurisdiction</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070223183314/http://www.ilga.gov/commission/lrb/con6.htm">Archived</a> February 23, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The Judiciary, <i>Constitution of the State of Illinois</i>, Illinois General Assembly. Retrieved March 7, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ilcon1-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ilcon1_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilga.gov/commission/lrb/con4.htm">Article IV – Section 1, Legislature – Power and Structure</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120815134146/http://www.ilga.gov/commission/lrb/con4.htm">Archived</a> August 15, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The Legislature, <i>Constitution of the State of Illinois</i>, Illinois General Assembly. Retrieved March 7, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gauen-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gauen_99-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gauen_99-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gauen_99-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gauen, Pat. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/columns/pat-gauen/illinois-corruption-explained-the-capital-is-too-far-from-chicago/article_c38d21b7-0134-5124-b56f-3bc99a60c327.html">Illinois corruption explained: the capital is too far from Chicago </a>" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160915191211/http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/columns/pat-gauen/illinois-corruption-explained-the-capital-is-too-far-from-chicago/article_c38d21b7-0134-5124-b56f-3bc99a60c327.html">Archive</a>). <i><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Post-Dispatch" title="St. Louis Post-Dispatch">St. Louis Post-Dispatch</a></i>. Retrieved on May 26, 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-INN-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-INN_100-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-INN_100-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-INN_100-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-INN_100-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Reeder, Scott. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ilnews.org/2831/what-does-it-cost-taxpayers-to-pay-for-lawmakers-empty-springfield-residences/">What does it cost taxpayers to pay for lawmakers' empty Springfield residences?</a>" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160617094836/http://ilnews.org/2831/what-does-it-cost-taxpayers-to-pay-for-lawmakers-empty-springfield-residences/">Archive</a>). <i>Illinois News Network</i>. September 11, 2014. Retrieved on May 26, 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Capital_Township-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Capital_Township_101-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://captwnshp.co.sangamon.il.us">Capital Township</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070208115712/http://captwnshp.co.sangamon.il.us/">Archived</a> February 8, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Official site. Retrieved March 8, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Illinois_Archives-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Illinois_Archives_102-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cyberdriveillinois.com/departments/archives/irad/sangamon.html">Sangamon County Fact Sheet</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071024235521/http://www.cyberdriveillinois.com/departments/archives/irad/sangamon.html">Archived</a> October 24, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Illinois State Archives. Retrieved March 10, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpearie2019" class="citation web cs1">Spearie, Steven (November 1, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sj-r.com/story/news/politics/county/2019/11/01/former-city-officer-gets-24/984450007/">"Former city officer gets 24 months probation"</a>. <i>The State Journal-Register</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220809130400/https://www.sj-r.com/story/news/politics/county/2019/11/01/former-city-officer-gets-24/984450007/">Archived</a> from the original on August 9, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 1,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+State+Journal-Register&rft.atitle=Former+city+officer+gets+24+months+probation&rft.date=2019-11-01&rft.aulast=Spearie&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sj-r.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fcounty%2F2019%2F11%2F01%2Fformer-city-officer-gets-24%2F984450007%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Illinois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJiménez2024" class="citation news cs1">Jiménez, Jesus (July 22, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/22/us/illinois-sonya-massey-body-cam-footage.html">"Illinois State Police Release Footage of Deputy Fatally Shooting Woman"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240722225224/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/22/us/illinois-sonya-massey-body-cam-footage.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 22, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 23,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Illinois+State+Police+Release+Footage+of+Deputy+Fatally+Shooting+Woman&rft.date=2024-07-22&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Jim%C3%A9nez&rft.aufirst=Jesus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F07%2F22%2Fus%2Fillinois-sonya-massey-body-cam-footage.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Illinois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-schools-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-schools_105-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sps186.org/schools/">Schools</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160312132830/http://www.sps186.org/schools/">Archived</a> March 12, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Springfield Public School District 186. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 5,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sacred+Heart+%E2%80%93+Griffin+High+School&rft.pub=Shg.org&rft.au=Sacred+Heart-Griffin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shg.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Illinois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lhs-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lhs_107-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lutheranhs.pvt.k12.il.us/">Lutheran High</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070308111520/http://www.lutheranhs.pvt.k12.il.us/">Archived</a> March 8, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Main page. Retrieved February 24, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-siu-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-siu_108-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.siumed.edu/studentaffairs/">Office of Student Affairs</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070225082657/http://www.siumed.edu/studentaffairs/">Archived</a> February 25, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Illinois_University_School_of_Medicine" title="Southern Illinois University School of Medicine">Southern Illinois University School of Medicine</a>. Retrieved February 24, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-building-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-building_109-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.siumed.edu/cancer/adminpages/bulding.html">New SimmonsCooper Cancer Institute Building</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928042711/http://www.siumed.edu/cancer/adminpages/bulding.html">Archived</a> September 28, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, SimmonsCooper Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine. Retrieved February 24, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandis2010" class="citation news cs1">Landis, Tim (June 2, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sj-r.com/article/20100602/news/306029908">"Lafferty named publisher of The State Journal-Register"</a>. <i>The State Journal-Register</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181123112146/https://www.sj-r.com/article/20100602/news/306029908">Archived</a> from the original on November 23, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 23,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+State+Journal-Register&rft.atitle=Lafferty+named+publisher+of+The+State+Journal-Register&rft.date=2010-06-02&rft.aulast=Landis&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sj-r.com%2Farticle%2F20100602%2Fnews%2F306029908&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Illinois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170216020858/http://www.stationindex.com/tv/markets/Champaign-Springfield-Decatur">"Champaign – Springfield – Decatur Television Stations – Station Index"</a>. <i>www.stationindex.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stationindex.com/tv/markets/champaign-springfield-decatur">the original</a> on February 16, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 8,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.stationindex.com&rft.atitle=Champaign+%E2%80%93+Springfield+%E2%80%93+Decatur+Television+Stations+%E2%80%93+Station+Index&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stationindex.com%2Ftv%2Fmarkets%2Fchampaign-springfield-decatur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Illinois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fall_of_WJJY-TV-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fall_of_WJJY-TV_112-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brainmist.com/wjjy_tv/wjjy_tv.htm">The Rise & Fall of WJJY-TV</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070405015959/http://www.brainmist.com/wjjy_tv/wjjy_tv.htm">Archived</a> April 5, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved on March 8, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Illinois_Radio-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Illinois_Radio_113-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usnpl.com/radio/ilradio.php">Illinois Radio Stations</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070814161931/http://www.usnpl.com/radio/ilradio.php">Archived</a> August 14, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved on August 23, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Springfield_Media-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Springfield_Media_114-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mondotimes.com/1/world/us/13/814">Springfield Illinois news media</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240809185111/https://www.mondotimes.com/1/world/us/13/814">Archived</a> August 9, 2024, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved on March 8, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.redorbit.com/news/health/366706/doctors_hospitals_medical_equipment_sold_at_auction/">"Doctors Hospital's Medical Equipment Sold at Auction – Health News"</a>. redOrbit. January 23, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140701211745/http://www.redorbit.com/news/health/366706/doctors_hospitals_medical_equipment_sold_at_auction/">Archived</a> from the original on July 1, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 5,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Doctors+Hospital%27s+Medical+Equipment+Sold+at+Auction+%E2%80%93+Health+News&rft.pub=redOrbit&rft.date=2006-01-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.redorbit.com%2Fnews%2Fhealth%2F366706%2Fdoctors_hospitals_medical_equipment_sold_at_auction%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Illinois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sj-r.com/x369948792/State-board-OKs-Vibra-s-purchase-of-Kindred-Hospital">"State board OKs Vibra's purchase of Kindred Hospital"</a>. <i>The State Journal-Register</i>. Springfield, Illinois. August 15, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131215065202/http://www.sj-r.com/x369948792/State-board-OKs-Vibra-s-purchase-of-Kindred-Hospital">Archived</a> from the original on December 15, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 5,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+State+Journal-Register&rft.atitle=State+board+OKs+Vibra%27s+purchase+of+Kindred+Hospital&rft.date=2013-08-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sj-r.com%2Fx369948792%2FState-board-OKs-Vibra-s-purchase-of-Kindred-Hospital&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Illinois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sj-r.com/news/20190228/vibra-hospital-closure-came-amid-declining-revenues-fate-of-property-uncertain">"Vibra Hospital closure came amid declining revenues; fate of property uncertain"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200706151136/https://www.sj-r.com/news/20190228/vibra-hospital-closure-came-amid-declining-revenues-fate-of-property-uncertain">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vibra+Hospital+closure+came+amid+declining+revenues%3B+fate+of+property+uncertain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sj-r.com%2Fnews%2F20190228%2Fvibra-hospital-closure-came-amid-declining-revenues-fate-of-property-uncertain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Illinois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-over-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-over_118-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prairieheart.com/overview/">Overview</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010424161515/http://www.prairieheart.com/overview/">Archived</a> April 24, 2001, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Prairie Heart Institute, St. John's Hospital. Retrieved August 7, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-profileplanning-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-profileplanning_119-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.springfield.il.us/Oped/profile.htm">Springfield profile</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070104125657/http://www.springfield.il.us/Oped/profile.htm">Archived</a> January 4, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Office of Planning & Economic Development, <i>City of Springfield</i>. Retrieved April 6, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amtrak.com/content/dam/projects/dotcom/english/public/documents/timetables/Illinois-Missouri-Services-Schedule-091317.pdf">"Amtrak Lincoln Service and Missouri River Runner Timetable"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Amtrak</i>. September 13, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190325144643/https://www.amtrak.com/content/dam/projects/dotcom/english/public/documents/timetables/Illinois-Missouri-Services-Schedule-091317.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on March 25, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 5,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Amtrak&rft.atitle=Amtrak+Lincoln+Service+and+Missouri+River+Runner+Timetable&rft.date=2017-09-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amtrak.com%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2Fprojects%2Fdotcom%2Fenglish%2Fpublic%2Fdocuments%2Ftimetables%2FIllinois-Missouri-Services-Schedule-091317.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Illinois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SMTD-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SMTD_121-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smtd.org/">"Sangamon Mass Transit District"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170106101834/http://www.smtd.org/">Archived</a> from the original on January 6, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 26,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sangamon+Mass+Transit+District&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smtd.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Illinois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Airports-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Airports_122-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120420020149/http://www.flyspi.com/Flight-Information/Destinations.aspx">"Abraham Lincoln Capital Airport (SPI) – Springfield, IL"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flyspi.com/Flight-Information/Destinations.aspx">the original</a> on April 20, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Abraham+Lincoln+Capital+Airport+%28SPI%29+%E2%80%93+Springfield%2C+IL&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flyspi.com%2FFlight-Information%2FDestinations.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Illinois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150711040945/http://www.springfieldparks.org/parks/bikeTrails/Bunn.aspx">"Springfield Park District – Bunn to Lost Bridge Trail"</a>. <i>www.springfieldparks.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.springfieldparks.org/parks/bikeTrails/Bunn.aspx">the original</a> on July 11, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 9,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.springfieldparks.org&rft.atitle=Springfield+Park+District+%E2%80%93+Bunn+to+Lost+Bridge+Trail&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springfieldparks.org%2Fparks%2FbikeTrails%2FBunn.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Illinois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Young-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Young_124-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChris_Young2010" class="citation web cs1">Chris Young (July 27, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sj-r.com/top-stories/x1431554709/Sangamon-Valley-Trail-officially-opens">"Sangamon Valley Trail officially opens"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/State_Journal-Register" class="mw-redirect" title="State Journal-Register">State Journal-Register</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120328200714/http://www.sj-r.com/top-stories/x1431554709/Sangamon-Valley-Trail-officially-opens">Archived</a> from the original on March 28, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 29,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=State+Journal-Register&rft.atitle=Sangamon+Valley+Trail+officially+opens&rft.date=2010-07-27&rft.au=Chris+Young&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sj-r.com%2Ftop-stories%2Fx1431554709%2FSangamon-Valley-Trail-officially-opens&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Illinois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Spring-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Spring_125-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spring_125-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070102192210/http://www.springfield.il.us/Sister/City.htm">"Springfield International Relationships"</a>. Official Springfield Website. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.springfield.il.us/sister/city.htm">the original</a> on January 2, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 20,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Springfield+International+Relationships&rft.pub=Official+Springfield+Website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springfield.il.us%2Fsister%2Fcity.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Illinois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.sistercities.org/interactive-map/Springfield,%20Illinois">"Springfield, Illinois"</a>. <i>legacy.sistercities.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 24,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=legacy.sistercities.org&rft.atitle=Springfield%2C+Illinois&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flegacy.sistercities.org%2Finteractive-map%2FSpringfield%2C%2520Illinois&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Illinois" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2020">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Illinois&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChicago_Commission_on_Race_Relations1922" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Commission_on_Race_Relations" title="Chicago Commission on Race Relations">Chicago Commission on Race Relations</a> (1922). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924011411877">"The Springfield Riot"</a>. <i>The Negro in Chicago: A Study of Race Relations and a Race Riot</i>. Chicago, Ill: University of Chicago Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924011411877/page/n129">66</a>–71.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Springfield+Riot&rft.btitle=The+Negro+in+Chicago%3A+A+Study+of+Race+Relations+and+a+Race+Riot&rft.place=Chicago%2C+Ill&rft.pages=66-71&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1922&rft.au=Chicago+Commission+on+Race+Relations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcu31924011411877&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Illinois" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofsangamo01inte"><i>History of Sangamon County, Illinois: Together with Sketches of Its Cities, Villages and Townships ... Portraits of Prominent Persons, and Biographies of Representative Citizens. History of Illinois</i></a>. Chicago: Inter-state Pub. Co. 1881.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Sangamon+County%2C+Illinois%3A+Together+with+Sketches+of+Its+Cities%2C+Villages+and+Townships+...+Portraits+of+Prominent+Persons%2C+and+Biographies+of+Representative+Citizens.+History+of+Illinois&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=Inter-state+Pub.+Co&rft.date=1881&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofsangamo01inte&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Illinois" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Illinois&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Angle, Paul M. <i>"Here I have lived": A history of Lincoln's Springfield, 1821–1865</i> (1935, 1971)</li> <li>Crouthamel, James L. "The Springfield Race Riot of 1908." <i>Journal of Negro History</i> 1960 45(3): 164–181. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0022-2992">0022-2992</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/pss/2716259">in Jstor</a></li> <li>Harrison, Shelby Millard, ed. <i>The Springfield Survey: Study of Social Conditions in an American City</i> (1920), famous sociological study of the city <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ECpBc-gno1YC&q=intitle:social+intitle:survey+date:1900–1923">vol 3 online</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/illinoisstategaz00hawe#page/204/mode/2up">"Springfield"</a>. <i>Illinois State Gazetteer and Business Directory for 1858 and 1859</i>. Chicago, Ill: George W. Hawes. 1858. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/4757260">4757260</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL24140361M">24140361M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Springfield&rft.btitle=Illinois+State+Gazetteer+and+Business+Directory+for+1858+and+1859&rft.place=Chicago%2C+Ill&rft.pub=George+W.+Hawes&rft.date=1858&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F4757260&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL24140361M%23id-name%3DOL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fillinoisstategaz00hawe%23page%2F204%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Illinois" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Laine, Christian K. <i>Landmark Springfield: Architecture and Urbanism in the Capital City of Illinois.</i> Chicago: Metropolitan, 1985. 111 pp. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0935119019" title="Special:BookSources/0935119019">0935119019</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/12942732">12942732</a></li> <li>Lindsay, Vachel. <i>The Golden Book of Springfield</i> (1920), a novel <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/0882862421">excerpt and text search</a></li> <li>Senechal, Roberta. <i>The Sociogenesis of a Race Riot: Springfield, Illinois, in 1908.</i> 1990. 231 pp.</li> <li>VanMeter, Andy. "Always My Friend: A History of the State Journal-Register and Springfield." Springfield, Ill.: Copley, 1981. 360 pp. history of the daily newspapers</li> <li>Wallace, Christopher Elliott. "The Opportunity to Grow: Springfield, Illinois during the 1850s." PhD dissertation Purdue U. 1983. 247 pp. DAI 1984 44(9): 2864-A. DA8400427 Fulltext: <a href="/wiki/ProQuest_Dissertations_%26_Theses" class="mw-redirect" title="ProQuest Dissertations & Theses">ProQuest Dissertations & Theses</a></li> <li>Winkle, Kenneth J. "The Second Party System in Lincoln's Springfield." <i>Civil War History</i> 1998 44(4): 267–284. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0009-8078">0009-8078</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Illinois&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; 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<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sister_cities_in_Illinois" title="List of sister cities in Illinois">Sister cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Illinois_society" title="Category:Illinois society">Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_professional_sports_teams_in_Illinois" title="List of professional sports teams in Illinois">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Illinois_state_symbols" title="List of Illinois state symbols">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourism_in_Illinois" title="Category:Tourism in Illinois">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois#Transportation" title="Illinois">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_windmills_in_Illinois" title="List of windmills in Illinois">Windmills</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Bottom" title="American Bottom">American Bottom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomington%E2%80%93Normal" title="Bloomington–Normal">Bloomington–Normal metropolitan area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Illinois" title="Central Illinois">Central Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champaign%E2%80%93Urbana_metropolitan_area" title="Champaign–Urbana metropolitan area">Champaign–Urbana metropolitan area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_metropolitan_area" title="Chicago metropolitan area">Chicago metropolitan area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collar_counties" title="Collar counties">Collar counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_Belt" title="Corn Belt">Corn Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driftless_Area" title="Driftless Area">Driftless Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forgottonia" title="Forgottonia">Forgottonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Valley_(Illinois)" title="Fox Valley (Illinois)">Fox Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois%E2%80%93Indiana%E2%80%93Kentucky_tri-state_area" title="Illinois–Indiana–Kentucky tri-state area">Illinois–Indiana–Kentucky tri-state area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_East" title="Metro East">Metro East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Lakeland" title="Metro Lakeland">Metro Lakeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Alluvial_Plain" title="Mississippi Alluvial Plain">Mississippi Alluvial Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Shore_(Chicago)" title="North Shore (Chicago)">North Shore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Illinois" title="Northern Illinois">Northern Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Illinois" title="Northwestern Illinois">Northwestern Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peoria_metropolitan_area,_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Peoria metropolitan area, Illinois">Peoria metropolitan area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quad_Cities" title="Quad Cities">Quad Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Bend_(Illinois)" title="River Bend (Illinois)">River Bend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockford_metropolitan_area,_Illinois" title="Rockford metropolitan area, Illinois">Rockford metropolitan area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Illinois" title="Southern Illinois">Southern Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wabash_Valley" title="Wabash Valley">Wabash Valley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Illinois" title="List of municipalities in Illinois">Municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alton,_Illinois" title="Alton, Illinois">Alton</a>/<a href="/wiki/Granite_City,_Illinois" title="Granite City, Illinois">Granite City</a>/<a href="/wiki/Edwardsville,_Illinois" title="Edwardsville, Illinois">Edwardsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlington_Heights,_Illinois" title="Arlington Heights, Illinois">Arlington Heights</a>/<a href="/wiki/Palatine,_Illinois" title="Palatine, Illinois">Palatine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurora,_Illinois" title="Aurora, Illinois">Aurora</a>/<a href="/wiki/Naperville,_Illinois" title="Naperville, Illinois">Naperville</a>/<a href="/wiki/Oswego,_Illinois" title="Oswego, Illinois">Oswego</a>/<a href="/wiki/Plainfield,_Illinois" title="Plainfield, Illinois">Plainfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartlett,_Illinois" title="Bartlett, Illinois">Bartlett</a>/<a href="/wiki/Hanover_Park,_Illinois" title="Hanover Park, Illinois">Hanover Park</a>/<a href="/wiki/Streamwood,_Illinois" title="Streamwood, Illinois">Streamwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belleville,_Illinois" title="Belleville, Illinois">Belleville</a>/<a href="/wiki/East_St._Louis,_Illinois" title="East St. Louis, Illinois">East St. Louis</a>/<a href="/wiki/Collinsville,_Illinois" title="Collinsville, Illinois">Collinsville</a>/<a href="/wiki/O%27Fallon,_Illinois" title="O'Fallon, Illinois">O'Fallon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berwyn,_Illinois" title="Berwyn, Illinois">Berwyn</a>/<a href="/wiki/Cicero,_Illinois" title="Cicero, Illinois">Cicero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomington,_Illinois" title="Bloomington, Illinois">Bloomington</a>/<a href="/wiki/Normal,_Illinois" title="Normal, Illinois">Normal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolingbrook,_Illinois" title="Bolingbrook, Illinois">Bolingbrook</a>/<a href="/wiki/Romeoville,_Illinois" title="Romeoville, Illinois">Romeoville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Grove,_Illinois" title="Buffalo Grove, Illinois">Buffalo Grove</a>/<a href="/wiki/Wheeling,_Illinois" title="Wheeling, Illinois">Wheeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calumet_City,_Illinois" title="Calumet City, Illinois">Calumet City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton,_Illinois" title="Canton, Illinois">Canton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbondale,_Illinois" title="Carbondale, Illinois">Carbondale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Stream,_Illinois" title="Carol Stream, Illinois">Carol Stream</a>/<a href="/wiki/Glendale_Heights,_Illinois" title="Glendale Heights, Illinois">Glendale Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centralia,_Illinois" title="Centralia, Illinois">Centralia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champaign,_Illinois" title="Champaign, Illinois">Champaign</a>/<a href="/wiki/Urbana,_Illinois" title="Urbana, Illinois">Urbana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleston,_Illinois" title="Charleston, Illinois">Charleston</a>/<a href="/wiki/Mattoon,_Illinois" title="Mattoon, Illinois">Mattoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Heights,_Illinois" title="Chicago Heights, Illinois">Chicago Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Lake,_Illinois" title="Crystal Lake, Illinois">Crystal Lake</a>/<a href="/wiki/Algonquin,_Illinois" title="Algonquin, Illinois">Algonquin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danville,_Illinois" title="Danville, Illinois">Danville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decatur,_Illinois" title="Decatur, Illinois">Decatur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeKalb,_Illinois" title="DeKalb, Illinois">DeKalb</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sycamore,_Illinois" title="Sycamore, Illinois">Sycamore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Des_Plaines,_Illinois" title="Des Plaines, Illinois">Des Plaines</a>/<a href="/wiki/Mount_Prospect,_Illinois" title="Mount Prospect, Illinois">Mount Prospect</a>/<a href="/wiki/Park_Ridge,_Illinois" title="Park Ridge, Illinois">Park Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixon,_Illinois" title="Dixon, Illinois">Dixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downers_Grove,_Illinois" title="Downers Grove, Illinois">Downers Grove</a>/<a href="/wiki/Woodridge,_Illinois" title="Woodridge, Illinois">Woodridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effingham,_Illinois" title="Effingham, Illinois">Effingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elgin,_Illinois" title="Elgin, Illinois">Elgin</a>/<a href="/wiki/Carpentersville,_Illinois" title="Carpentersville, Illinois">Carpentersville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmhurst,_Illinois" title="Elmhurst, Illinois">Elmhurst</a>/<a href="/wiki/Lombard,_Illinois" title="Lombard, Illinois">Lombard</a>/<a href="/wiki/Addison,_Illinois" title="Addison, Illinois">Addison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evanston,_Illinois" title="Evanston, Illinois">Evanston</a>/<a href="/wiki/Skokie,_Illinois" title="Skokie, Illinois">Skokie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeport,_Illinois" title="Freeport, Illinois">Freeport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galesburg,_Illinois" title="Galesburg, Illinois">Galesburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenview,_Illinois" title="Glenview, Illinois">Glenview</a>/<a href="/wiki/Northbrook,_Illinois" title="Northbrook, Illinois">Northbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrisburg,_Illinois" title="Harrisburg, Illinois">Harrisburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacksonville,_Illinois" title="Jacksonville, Illinois">Jacksonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joliet,_Illinois" title="Joliet, Illinois">Joliet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kankakee,_Illinois" title="Kankakee, Illinois">Kankakee</a>/<a href="/wiki/Bradley,_Illinois" title="Bradley, Illinois">Bradley</a>/<a href="/wiki/Bourbonnais,_Illinois" title="Bourbonnais, Illinois">Bourbonnais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_Illinois" title="Lincoln, Illinois">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macomb,_Illinois" title="Macomb, Illinois">Macomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion,_Illinois" title="Marion, Illinois">Marion</a>/<a href="/wiki/Herrin,_Illinois" title="Herrin, Illinois">Herrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moline,_Illinois" title="Moline, Illinois">Moline</a>/<a href="/wiki/East_Moline,_Illinois" title="East Moline, Illinois">East Moline</a>/<a href="/wiki/Rock_Island,_Illinois" title="Rock Island, Illinois">Rock Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon,_Illinois" title="Mount Vernon, Illinois">Mount Vernon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundelein,_Illinois" title="Mundelein, Illinois">Mundelein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oak_Lawn,_Illinois" title="Oak Lawn, Illinois">Oak Lawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oak_Park,_Illinois" title="Oak Park, Illinois">Oak Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orland_Park,_Illinois" title="Orland Park, Illinois">Orland Park</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tinley_Park,_Illinois" title="Tinley Park, Illinois">Tinley Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottawa,_Illinois" title="Ottawa, Illinois">Ottawa</a>/<a href="/wiki/Streator,_Illinois" title="Streator, Illinois">Streator</a>/<a href="/wiki/LaSalle,_Illinois" title="LaSalle, Illinois">LaSalle</a>/<a href="/wiki/Peru,_Illinois" title="Peru, Illinois">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peoria,_Illinois" title="Peoria, Illinois">Peoria</a>/<a href="/wiki/Pekin,_Illinois" title="Pekin, Illinois">Pekin</a>/<a href="/wiki/East_Peoria,_Illinois" title="East Peoria, Illinois">East Peoria</a>/<a href="/wiki/Morton,_Illinois" title="Morton, Illinois">Morton</a>/<a href="/wiki/Washington,_Illinois" title="Washington, Illinois">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontiac,_Illinois" title="Pontiac, Illinois">Pontiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quincy,_Illinois" title="Quincy, Illinois">Quincy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochelle,_Illinois" title="Rochelle, Illinois">Rochelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockford,_Illinois" title="Rockford, Illinois">Rockford</a>/<a href="/wiki/Belvidere,_Illinois" title="Belvidere, Illinois">Belvidere</a>/<a href="/wiki/Machesney_Park,_Illinois" title="Machesney Park, Illinois">Machesney Park</a>/<a href="/wiki/Loves_Park,_Illinois" title="Loves Park, Illinois">Loves Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Charles,_Illinois" title="St. Charles, Illinois">St. Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schaumburg,_Illinois" title="Schaumburg, Illinois">Schaumburg</a>/<a href="/wiki/Hoffman_Estates,_Illinois" title="Hoffman Estates, Illinois">Hoffman Estates</a>/<a href="/wiki/Elk_Grove_Village,_Illinois" title="Elk Grove Village, Illinois">Elk Grove Village</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterling,_Illinois" title="Sterling, Illinois">Sterling</a>/<a href="/wiki/Rock_Falls,_Illinois" title="Rock Falls, Illinois">Rock Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylorville,_Illinois" title="Taylorville, Illinois">Taylorville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waukegan,_Illinois" title="Waukegan, Illinois">Waukegan</a>/<a href="/wiki/North_Chicago,_Illinois" title="North Chicago, Illinois">North Chicago</a>/<a href="/wiki/Gurnee,_Illinois" title="Gurnee, Illinois">Gurnee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheaton,_Illinois" title="Wheaton, Illinois">Wheaton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Illinois" title="List of counties in Illinois">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adams_County,_Illinois" title="Adams County, Illinois">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_County,_Illinois" title="Alexander County, Illinois">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bond_County,_Illinois" title="Bond County, Illinois">Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boone_County,_Illinois" title="Boone County, Illinois">Boone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_County,_Illinois" title="Brown County, Illinois">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_County,_Illinois" title="Bureau County, Illinois">Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calhoun_County,_Illinois" title="Calhoun County, Illinois">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carroll_County,_Illinois" title="Carroll County, Illinois">Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cass_County,_Illinois" title="Cass County, Illinois">Cass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champaign_County,_Illinois" title="Champaign County, Illinois">Champaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_County,_Illinois" title="Christian County, Illinois">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark_County,_Illinois" title="Clark County, Illinois">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clay_County,_Illinois" title="Clay County, Illinois">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_County,_Illinois" title="Clinton County, Illinois">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coles_County,_Illinois" title="Coles County, Illinois">Coles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_County,_Illinois" title="Cook County, Illinois">Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crawford_County,_Illinois" title="Crawford County, Illinois">Crawford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_County,_Illinois" title="Cumberland County, Illinois">Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeKalb_County,_Illinois" title="DeKalb County, Illinois">DeKalb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeWitt_County,_Illinois" title="DeWitt County, Illinois">DeWitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_County,_Illinois" title="Douglas County, Illinois">Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DuPage_County,_Illinois" title="DuPage County, Illinois">DuPage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_County,_Illinois" title="Edgar County, Illinois">Edgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwards_County,_Illinois" title="Edwards County, Illinois">Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effingham_County,_Illinois" title="Effingham County, Illinois">Effingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fayette_County,_Illinois" title="Fayette County, Illinois">Fayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_County,_Illinois" title="Ford County, Illinois">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_County,_Illinois" title="Franklin County, Illinois">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulton_County,_Illinois" title="Fulton County, Illinois">Fulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallatin_County,_Illinois" title="Gallatin County, Illinois">Gallatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greene_County,_Illinois" title="Greene County, Illinois">Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grundy_County,_Illinois" title="Grundy County, Illinois">Grundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_County,_Illinois" title="Hamilton County, Illinois">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hancock_County,_Illinois" title="Hancock County, Illinois">Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardin_County,_Illinois" title="Hardin County, Illinois">Hardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henderson_County,_Illinois" title="Henderson County, Illinois">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_County,_Illinois" title="Henry County, Illinois">Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iroquois_County,_Illinois" title="Iroquois County, Illinois">Iroquois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_County,_Illinois" title="Jackson County, Illinois">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasper_County,_Illinois" title="Jasper County, Illinois">Jasper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Illinois" title="Jefferson County, Illinois">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_County,_Illinois" title="Jersey County, Illinois">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Daviess_County,_Illinois" title="Jo Daviess County, Illinois">Jo Daviess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_County,_Illinois" title="Johnson County, Illinois">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kane_County,_Illinois" title="Kane County, Illinois">Kane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kankakee_County,_Illinois" title="Kankakee County, Illinois">Kankakee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendall_County,_Illinois" title="Kendall County, Illinois">Kendall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knox_County,_Illinois" title="Knox County, Illinois">Knox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_County,_Illinois" title="Lake County, Illinois">Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaSalle_County,_Illinois" title="LaSalle County, Illinois">LaSalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_County,_Illinois" title="Lawrence County, Illinois">Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_County,_Illinois" title="Lee County, Illinois">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livingston_County,_Illinois" title="Livingston County, Illinois">Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logan_County,_Illinois" title="Logan County, Illinois">Logan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macon_County,_Illinois" title="Macon County, Illinois">Macon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macoupin_County,_Illinois" title="Macoupin County, Illinois">Macoupin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_County,_Illinois" title="Madison County, Illinois">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_County,_Illinois" title="Marion County, Illinois">Marion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_County,_Illinois" title="Marshall County, Illinois">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mason_County,_Illinois" title="Mason County, Illinois">Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massac_County,_Illinois" title="Massac County, Illinois">Massac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonough_County,_Illinois" title="McDonough County, Illinois">McDonough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McHenry_County,_Illinois" title="McHenry County, Illinois">McHenry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McLean_County,_Illinois" title="McLean County, Illinois">McLean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menard_County,_Illinois" title="Menard County, Illinois">Menard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercer_County,_Illinois" title="Mercer County, Illinois">Mercer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe_County,_Illinois" title="Monroe County, Illinois">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Illinois" title="Montgomery County, Illinois">Montgomery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_County,_Illinois" title="Morgan County, Illinois">Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moultrie_County,_Illinois" title="Moultrie County, Illinois">Moultrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogle_County,_Illinois" title="Ogle County, Illinois">Ogle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peoria_County,_Illinois" title="Peoria County, Illinois">Peoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perry_County,_Illinois" title="Perry County, Illinois">Perry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piatt_County,_Illinois" title="Piatt County, Illinois">Piatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pike_County,_Illinois" title="Pike County, Illinois">Pike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_County,_Illinois" title="Pope County, Illinois">Pope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulaski_County,_Illinois" title="Pulaski County, Illinois">Pulaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putnam_County,_Illinois" title="Putnam County, Illinois">Putnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randolph_County,_Illinois" title="Randolph County, Illinois">Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richland_County,_Illinois" title="Richland County, Illinois">Richland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Island_County,_Illinois" title="Rock Island County, Illinois">Rock Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saline_County,_Illinois" title="Saline County, Illinois">Saline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangamon_County,_Illinois" title="Sangamon County, Illinois">Sangamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schuyler_County,_Illinois" title="Schuyler County, Illinois">Schuyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_County,_Illinois" title="Scott County, Illinois">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelby_County,_Illinois" title="Shelby County, Illinois">Shelby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Clair_County,_Illinois" title="St. Clair County, Illinois">St. Clair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stark_County,_Illinois" title="Stark County, Illinois">Stark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephenson_County,_Illinois" title="Stephenson County, Illinois">Stephenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tazewell_County,_Illinois" title="Tazewell County, Illinois">Tazewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_County,_Illinois" title="Union County, Illinois">Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermilion_County,_Illinois" title="Vermilion County, Illinois">Vermilion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wabash_County,_Illinois" title="Wabash County, Illinois">Wabash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_County,_Illinois" title="Warren County, Illinois">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_Illinois" title="Washington County, Illinois">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_County,_Illinois" title="Wayne County, Illinois">Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_County,_Illinois" title="White County, Illinois">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiteside_County,_Illinois" title="Whiteside County, Illinois">Whiteside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_County,_Illinois" title="Will County, Illinois">Will</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williamson_County,_Illinois" title="Williamson County, Illinois">Williamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winnebago_County,_Illinois" title="Winnebago County, Illinois">Winnebago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodford_County,_Illinois" title="Woodford County, Illinois">Woodford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Illinois.svg/32px-Flag_of_Illinois.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Illinois.svg/48px-Flag_of_Illinois.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Illinois.svg/64px-Flag_of_Illinois.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Illinois" title="Portal:Illinois">Illinois portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Sangamon_County,_Illinois,_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sangamon_County,_Illinois" title="Template:Sangamon County, Illinois"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sangamon_County,_Illinois" title="Template talk:Sangamon County, Illinois"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sangamon_County,_Illinois" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sangamon County, Illinois"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Sangamon_County,_Illinois,_United_States" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities and communities of <a href="/wiki/Sangamon_County,_Illinois" title="Sangamon County, Illinois"><span class="region">Sangamon County, Illinois</span></a>, <span class="country-name">United States</span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat"><span>County seat</span></a>: <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span>Springfield</span></a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/City_(Illinois)" class="mw-redirect" title="City (Illinois)">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auburn,_Illinois" title="Auburn, Illinois">Auburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leland_Grove,_Illinois" title="Leland Grove, Illinois">Leland Grove</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virden,_Illinois" title="Virden, Illinois">Virden</a>‡</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Map of Illinois highlighting Sangamon County"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Map_of_Illinois_highlighting_Sangamon_County.svg/42px-Map_of_Illinois_highlighting_Sangamon_County.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Map_of_Illinois_highlighting_Sangamon_County.svg/63px-Map_of_Illinois_highlighting_Sangamon_County.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Map_of_Illinois_highlighting_Sangamon_County.svg/84px-Map_of_Illinois_highlighting_Sangamon_County.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="1026" /></span><figcaption>Map of Illinois highlighting Sangamon County</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Village_(Illinois)" class="mw-redirect" title="Village (Illinois)">Villages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlin,_Illinois" title="Berlin, Illinois">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_Illinois" title="Buffalo, Illinois">Buffalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantrall,_Illinois" title="Cantrall, Illinois">Cantrall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatham,_Illinois" title="Chatham, Illinois">Chatham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curran,_Illinois" title="Curran, Illinois">Curran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawson,_Illinois" title="Dawson, Illinois">Dawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divernon,_Illinois" title="Divernon, Illinois">Divernon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandview,_Illinois" title="Grandview, Illinois">Grandview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illiopolis,_Illinois" title="Illiopolis, Illinois">Illiopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome,_Illinois" title="Jerome, Illinois">Jerome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loami,_Illinois" title="Loami, Illinois">Loami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanicsburg,_Illinois" title="Mechanicsburg, Illinois">Mechanicsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Berlin,_Illinois" title="New Berlin, Illinois">New Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawnee,_Illinois" title="Pawnee, Illinois">Pawnee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleasant_Plains,_Illinois" title="Pleasant Plains, Illinois">Pleasant Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverton,_Illinois" title="Riverton, Illinois">Riverton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester,_Illinois" title="Rochester, Illinois">Rochester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman,_Illinois" title="Sherman, Illinois">Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_View,_Illinois" title="Southern View, Illinois">Southern View</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaulding,_Illinois" title="Spaulding, Illinois">Spaulding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thayer,_Illinois" title="Thayer, Illinois">Thayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williamsville,_Illinois" title="Williamsville, Illinois">Williamsville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Civil_township" title="Civil township">Townships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auburn_Township,_Sangamon_County,_Illinois" title="Auburn Township, Sangamon County, Illinois">Auburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ball_Township,_Sangamon_County,_Illinois" title="Ball Township, Sangamon County, Illinois">Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Hart_Township,_Sangamon_County,_Illinois" title="Buffalo Hart Township, Sangamon County, Illinois">Buffalo Hart</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartwright_Township,_Sangamon_County,_Illinois" title="Cartwright Township, Sangamon County, Illinois">Cartwright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatham_Township,_Sangamon_County,_Illinois" title="Chatham Township, Sangamon County, Illinois">Chatham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clear_Lake_Township,_Sangamon_County,_Illinois" title="Clear Lake Township, Sangamon County, Illinois">Clear Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooper_Township,_Sangamon_County,_Illinois" title="Cooper Township, Sangamon County, Illinois">Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_Hill_Township,_Sangamon_County,_Illinois" title="Cotton Hill Township, Sangamon County, Illinois">Cotton Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curran_Township,_Sangamon_County,_Illinois" title="Curran Township, Sangamon County, Illinois">Curran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divernon_Township,_Sangamon_County,_Illinois" title="Divernon Township, Sangamon County, Illinois">Divernon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fancy_Creek_Township,_Sangamon_County,_Illinois" title="Fancy Creek Township, Sangamon County, Illinois">Fancy Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardner_Township,_Sangamon_County,_Illinois" title="Gardner Township, Sangamon County, Illinois">Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illiopolis_Township,_Sangamon_County,_Illinois" title="Illiopolis Township, Sangamon County, Illinois">Illiopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island_Grove_Township,_Sangamon_County,_Illinois" title="Island Grove Township, Sangamon County, Illinois">Island Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanesville_Township,_Sangamon_County,_Illinois" title="Lanesville Township, Sangamon County, Illinois">Lanesville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loami_Township,_Sangamon_County,_Illinois" title="Loami Township, Sangamon County, Illinois">Loami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_Township,_Sangamon_County,_Illinois" title="Maxwell Township, Sangamon County, Illinois">Maxwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanicsburg_Township,_Sangamon_County,_Illinois" title="Mechanicsburg Township, Sangamon County, Illinois">Mechanicsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Berlin_Township,_Sangamon_County,_Illinois" title="New Berlin Township, Sangamon County, Illinois">New Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawnee_Township,_Sangamon_County,_Illinois" title="Pawnee Township, Sangamon County, Illinois">Pawnee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester_Township,_Sangamon_County,_Illinois" title="Rochester Township, Sangamon County, Illinois">Rochester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salisbury_Township,_Sangamon_County,_Illinois" title="Salisbury Township, Sangamon County, Illinois">Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield_Township,_Sangamon_County,_Illinois" title="Springfield Township, Sangamon County, Illinois">Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talkington_Township,_Sangamon_County,_Illinois" title="Talkington Township, Sangamon County, Illinois">Talkington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williams_Township,_Sangamon_County,_Illinois" title="Williams Township, Sangamon County, Illinois">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodside_Township,_Sangamon_County,_Illinois" title="Woodside Township, Sangamon County, Illinois">Woodside</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">Unincorporated<br />communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew,_Illinois" title="Andrew, Illinois">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archer,_Illinois" title="Archer, Illinois">Archer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barclay,_Illinois" title="Barclay, Illinois">Barclay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barr,_Sangamon_County,_Illinois" title="Barr, Sangamon County, Illinois">Barr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bates,_Illinois" title="Bates, Illinois">Bates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bissell,_Illinois" title="Bissell, Illinois">Bissell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradfordton,_Illinois" title="Bradfordton, Illinois">Bradfordton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breckenridge,_Sangamon_County,_Illinois" title="Breckenridge, Sangamon County, Illinois">Breckenridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckhart,_Illinois" title="Buckhart, Illinois">Buckhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Hart,_Illinois" title="Buffalo Hart, Illinois">Buffalo Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimic,_Illinois" title="Cimic, Illinois">Cimic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clayville,_Illinois" title="Clayville, Illinois">Clayville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clear_Lake,_Illinois" title="Clear Lake, Illinois">Clear Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmingdale,_Illinois" title="Farmingdale, Illinois">Farmingdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenarm,_Illinois" title="Glenarm, Illinois">Glenarm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island_Grove,_Sangamon_County,_Illinois" title="Island Grove, Sangamon County, Illinois">Island Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laketown,_Illinois" title="Laketown, Illinois">Laketown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowder,_Illinois" title="Lowder, Illinois">Lowder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_City,_Illinois" title="New City, Illinois">New City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Berlin,_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Berlin, Illinois">Old Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riddle_Hill,_Illinois" title="Riddle Hill, Illinois">Riddle Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salisbury,_Illinois" title="Salisbury, Illinois">Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto,_Illinois" title="Toronto, Illinois">Toronto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenobia,_Illinois" title="Zenobia, Illinois">Zenobia</a>‡</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;">Footnotes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">‡This city also has portions in adjacent county or counties</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Illinois_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Illinois (state)"><span>Illinois portal</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States"><span>United States portal</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col 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title="Montgomery, Alabama">Montgomery</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">AK</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Juneau,_Alaska" title="Juneau, Alaska">Juneau</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">AZ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">AR</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Little_Rock,_Arkansas" title="Little Rock, Arkansas">Little Rock</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">CA</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">CO</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">CT</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Hartford,_Connecticut" title="Hartford, Connecticut">Hartford</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">DE</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Dover,_Delaware" title="Dover, Delaware">Dover</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">FL</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Tallahassee,_Florida" title="Tallahassee, Florida">Tallahassee</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">GA</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">HI</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">ID</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho">Boise</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">IL</a></b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Springfield</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">IN</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">IA</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa">Des Moines</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">KS</a></b> <a 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href="/wiki/Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Trenton, New Jersey">Trenton</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">NM</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">NY</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">NC</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Raleigh,_North_Carolina" title="Raleigh, North Carolina">Raleigh</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">ND</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Bismarck,_North_Dakota" title="Bismarck, North Dakota">Bismarck</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">OH</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">OK</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">OR</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Salem,_Oregon" title="Salem, Oregon">Salem</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">PA</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Harrisburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Harrisburg, Pennsylvania">Harrisburg</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">RI</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island" title="Providence, Rhode Island">Providence</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">SC</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Columbia,_South_Carolina" title="Columbia, South Carolina">Columbia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">SD</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Pierre,_South_Dakota" title="Pierre, South Dakota">Pierre</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">TN</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">TX</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">UT</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">VT</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Montpelier,_Vermont" title="Montpelier, Vermont">Montpelier</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">VA</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">WA</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Washington" title="Olympia, Washington">Olympia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">WV</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Charleston,_West_Virginia" title="Charleston, West Virginia">Charleston</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">WI</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">Madison</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">WY</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Cheyenne,_Wyoming" title="Cheyenne, Wyoming">Cheyenne</a></li></ul> <p><b>Territories:</b> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">AS</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Pago_Pago" class="mw-redirect" title="Pago Pago">Pago Pago</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">GU</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Hag%C3%A5t%C3%B1a,_Guam" title="Hagåtña, Guam">Hagåtña</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">MP</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Saipan" class="mw-redirect" title="Saipan">Saipan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">PR</a></b> <a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Puerto_Rico" title="San Juan, Puerto Rico">San Juan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">VI</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Amalie,_U.S._Virgin_Islands" title="Charlotte Amalie, U.S. Virgin Islands">Charlotte Amalie</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Great_Lakes_megalopolis_as_defined_by_the_RPA" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Great_Lakes_Megalopolis" title="Template:Great Lakes Megalopolis"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Great_Lakes_Megalopolis" title="Template talk:Great Lakes Megalopolis"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Great_Lakes_Megalopolis" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Great Lakes Megalopolis"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Great_Lakes_megalopolis_as_defined_by_the_RPA" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_megalopolis" title="Great Lakes megalopolis">Great Lakes megalopolis</a> as defined by the <a href="/wiki/Regional_Plan_Association" title="Regional Plan Association">RPA</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Includes all metropolitan areas that have a population of 150,000 or greater according to the most recent national census.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Great Lakes region cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brantford" title="Brantford">Brantford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo%E2%80%93Niagara_Falls_metropolitan_area" title="Buffalo–Niagara Falls metropolitan area"> Buffalo–Niagara Falls</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls,_New_York" title="Niagara Falls, New York">Niagara Falls</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_metropolitan_area" title="Chicago metropolitan area">Chicago</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Cleveland" title="Greater Cleveland">Cleveland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Detroit" title="Metro Detroit">Detroit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin_Ports" title="Twin Ports">Duluth–Superior</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duluth,_Minnesota" title="Duluth, Minnesota">Duluth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior,_Wisconsin" title="Superior, Wisconsin">Superior</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erie%E2%80%93Meadville,_PA_Combined_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Erie–Meadville, PA Combined Statistical Area">Erie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erie,_Pennsylvania" title="Erie, Pennsylvania">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids_metropolitan_area" title="Grand Rapids metropolitan area">Grand Rapids</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids,_Michigan" title="Grand Rapids, Michigan">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guelph" title="Guelph">Guelph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Bay_metropolitan_area" title="Green Bay metropolitan area">Green Bay</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_Bay,_Wisconsin" title="Green Bay, Wisconsin">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Ontario" title="Hamilton, Ontario">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holland,_Michigan" title="Holland, Michigan">Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalamazoo%E2%80%93Portage_metropolitan_area" title="Kalamazoo–Portage metropolitan area">Kalamazoo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalamazoo,_Michigan" title="Kalamazoo, Michigan">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenosha,_Wisconsin" title="Kenosha, Wisconsin">Kenosha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lansing%E2%80%93East_Lansing_metropolitan_area" title="Lansing–East Lansing metropolitan area">Lansing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lansing,_Michigan" title="Lansing, Michigan">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London,_Ontario" title="London, Ontario">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_metropolitan_area" title="Milwaukee metropolitan area">Milwaukee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muskegon,_Michigan" title="Muskegon, Michigan">Muskegon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Municipality_of_Niagara" title="Regional Municipality of Niagara">Niagara Region</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Catharines" title="St. Catharines">St. Catharines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls,_Ontario" title="Niagara Falls, Ontario">Niagara Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welland,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Welland, Ontario">Welland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niles,_Michigan" title="Niles, Michigan">Niles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oshawa" title="Oshawa">Oshawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester_metropolitan_area,_New_York" title="Rochester metropolitan area, New York">Rochester, New York</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rochester,_New_York" title="Rochester, New York">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Bend%E2%80%93Mishawaka_metropolitan_area" title="South Bend–Mishawaka metropolitan area">South Bend</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Bend,_Indiana" title="South Bend, Indiana">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunder_Bay" title="Thunder Bay">Thunder Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo_metropolitan_area" title="Toledo metropolitan area">Toledo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Toronto_Area" title="Greater Toronto Area">Toronto</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traverse_City_metropolitan_area" title="Traverse City metropolitan area">Traverse City</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traverse_City,_Michigan" title="Traverse City, Michigan">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Municipality_of_Waterloo" title="Regional Municipality of Waterloo">Waterloo Region</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kitchener,_Ontario" title="Kitchener, Ontario">Kitchener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Ontario" title="Cambridge, Ontario">Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterloo,_Ontario" title="Waterloo, Ontario">Waterloo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Ontario" title="Windsor, Ontario">Windsor</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/ChiPitts_megaregion.png/145px-ChiPitts_megaregion.png" decoding="async" width="145" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/ChiPitts_megaregion.png/218px-ChiPitts_megaregion.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/ChiPitts_megaregion.png/290px-ChiPitts_megaregion.png 2x" data-file-width="1188" data-file-height="704" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Surrounding cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akron_metropolitan_area" title="Akron metropolitan area">Akron</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akron,_Ohio" title="Akron, Ohio">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altoona,_Pennsylvania" title="Altoona, Pennsylvania">Altoona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Arbor,_Michigan" title="Ann Arbor, Michigan">Ann Arbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrie" title="Barrie">Barrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomington_metropolitan_area,_Indiana" title="Bloomington metropolitan area, Indiana">Bloomington, Indiana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bloomington,_Indiana" title="Bloomington, Indiana">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomington%E2%80%93Normal" title="Bloomington–Normal">Bloomington–Normal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bloomington,_Illinois" title="Bloomington, Illinois">Bloomington, Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normal,_Illinois" title="Normal, Illinois">Normal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton%E2%80%93Massillon,_Ohio,_metropolitan_area" title="Canton–Massillon, Ohio, metropolitan area">Canton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canton,_Ohio" title="Canton, Ohio">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champaign%E2%80%93Urbana_metropolitan_area" title="Champaign–Urbana metropolitan area">Champaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Champaign,_Illinois" title="Champaign, Illinois">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_metropolitan_area" title="Cincinnati metropolitan area">Cincinnati</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus_metropolitan_area,_Ohio" title="Columbus metropolitan area, Ohio">Columbus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayton_metropolitan_area" title="Dayton metropolitan area">Dayton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dayton,_Ohio" title="Dayton, Ohio">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eau_Claire%E2%80%93Chippewa_Falls_metropolitan_area" title="Eau Claire–Chippewa Falls metropolitan area">Eau Claire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eau_Claire,_Wisconsin" title="Eau Claire, Wisconsin">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elkhart,_Indiana" title="Elkhart, Indiana">Elkhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evansville_metropolitan_area" title="Evansville metropolitan area">Evansville</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evansville,_Indiana" title="Evansville, Indiana">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fargo%E2%80%93Moorhead" title="Fargo–Moorhead">Fargo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fargo,_North_Dakota" title="Fargo, North Dakota">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flint,_Michigan" title="Flint, Michigan">Flint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Wayne,_IN_Metropolitan_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Wayne, IN Metropolitan Statistical Area">Fort Wayne</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Wayne,_Indiana" title="Fort Wayne, Indiana">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Cities" title="Fox Cities">Fox Cities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appleton,_Wisconsin" title="Appleton, Wisconsin">Appleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oshkosh,_Wisconsin" title="Oshkosh, Wisconsin">Oshkosh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_metropolitan_area" title="Indianapolis metropolitan area">Indianapolis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson,_Michigan" title="Jackson, Michigan">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janesville,_Wisconsin" title="Janesville, Wisconsin">Janesville</a>–<a href="/wiki/Beloit,_Wisconsin" title="Beloit, Wisconsin">Beloit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kankakee-Bourbonnais-Bradley,_IL_MSA" class="mw-redirect" title="Kankakee-Bourbonnais-Bradley, IL MSA">Kankakee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kankakee,_Illinois" title="Kankakee, Illinois">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston,_Ontario" title="Kingston, Ontario">Kingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Crosse%E2%80%93Onalaska" title="La Crosse–Onalaska">La Crosse–Onalaska</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Crosse,_Wisconsin" title="La Crosse, Wisconsin">La Crosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onalaska,_Wisconsin" title="Onalaska, Wisconsin">Onalaska</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_metropolitan_area,_Indiana" title="Lafayette metropolitan area, Indiana">Lafayette</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette,_Indiana" title="Lafayette, Indiana">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_metropolitan_area" title="Madison metropolitan area">Madison</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahoning_Valley" title="Mahoning Valley">Mahoning Valley</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Youngstown,_Ohio" title="Youngstown, Ohio">Youngstown</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis%E2%80%93Saint_Paul" title="Minneapolis–Saint Paul">Minneapolis–Saint Paul</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota" title="Saint Paul, Minnesota">Saint Paul</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Montreal" title="Greater Montreal">Greater Montreal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laval,_Quebec" title="Laval, Quebec">Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longueuil" title="Longueuil">Longueuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Capital_Region_(Canada)" title="National Capital Region (Canada)">National Capital Region</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatineau" title="Gatineau">Gatineau</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh%E2%80%93New_Castle%E2%80%93Weirton_combined_statistical_area" title="Pittsburgh–New Castle–Weirton combined statistical area">Pittsburgh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peoria_metropolitan_area,_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Peoria metropolitan area, Illinois">Peoria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peoria,_Illinois" title="Peoria, Illinois">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterborough,_Ontario" title="Peterborough, Ontario">Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockford_metropolitan_area,_Illinois" title="Rockford metropolitan area, Illinois">Rockford</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rockford,_Illinois" title="Rockford, Illinois">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester_metropolitan_area,_Minnesota" title="Rochester metropolitan area, Minnesota">Rochester, Minnesota</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rochester,_Minnesota" title="Rochester, Minnesota">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saguenay,_Quebec" title="Saguenay, Quebec">Saguenay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Cloud,_Minnesota_metropolitan_area" title="St. Cloud, Minnesota metropolitan area">St. Cloud</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Cloud,_Minnesota" title="St. Cloud, Minnesota">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saginaw,_Midland,_and_Bay_City_metropolitan_area" title="Saginaw, Midland, and Bay City metropolitan area">Saginaw</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saginaw,_Michigan" title="Saginaw, Michigan">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sioux_Falls_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Sioux Falls metropolitan area">Sioux Falls</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sioux_Falls,_South_Dakota" title="Sioux Falls, South Dakota">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield_metropolitan_area,_Illinois" title="Springfield metropolitan area, Illinois">Springfield</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Sudbury" title="Greater Sudbury">Sudbury</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urban_neighbourhoods_of_Sudbury" title="Urban neighbourhoods of Sudbury">urban neighbourhoods</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syracuse_metropolitan_area" title="Syracuse metropolitan area">Syracuse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_New_York" title="Syracuse, New York">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terre_Haute_metropolitan_area" title="Terre Haute metropolitan area">Terre Haute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terre_Haute,_Indiana" title="Terre Haute, Indiana">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trois-Rivi%C3%A8res" title="Trois-Rivières">Trois-Rivières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utica%E2%80%93Rome_metropolitan_area" title="Utica–Rome metropolitan area">Utica–Rome</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Utica,_New_York" title="Utica, New York">Utica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rome,_New_York" title="Rome, New York">Rome</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quad_Cities" title="Quad Cities">Quad Cities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bettendorf,_Iowa" title="Bettendorf, Iowa">Bettendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davenport,_Iowa" title="Davenport, Iowa">Davenport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Moline,_Illinois" title="East Moline, Illinois">East Moline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moline,_Illinois" title="Moline, Illinois">Moline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Island,_Illinois" title="Rock Island, Illinois">Rock Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_City_metropolitan_community" class="mw-redirect" title="Quebec City metropolitan community">Greater Quebec</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_City" title="Quebec City">city</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities of states south of region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabethtown_metropolitan_area" title="Elizabethtown metropolitan area">Elizabethtown</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabethtown,_Kentucky" title="Elizabethtown, Kentucky">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_metropolitan_area" title="Kansas City metropolitan area">Kansas City</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisville_metropolitan_area" title="Louisville metropolitan area">Louisville</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_St._Louis" title="Greater St. Louis">St. Louis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topeka_metropolitan_area,_Kansas" title="Topeka metropolitan area, Kansas">Topeka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Topeka,_Kansas" title="Topeka, Kansas">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheeling_metropolitan_area" title="Wheeling metropolitan area">Wheeling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wheeling,_West_Virginia" title="Wheeling, West Virginia">city</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other metro-regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_City%E2%80%93Windsor_Corridor" title="Quebec City–Windsor Corridor">Quebec City–Windsor Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Horseshoe" title="Golden Horseshoe">Golden Horseshoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Toronto_and_Hamilton_Area" title="Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area">Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit%E2%80%93Windsor" title="Detroit–Windsor">Detroit–Windsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Pittsburgh" title="Greater Pittsburgh">Greater Pittsburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_East" title="Metro East">Metro East</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Megaregions_of_the_United_States" title="Megaregions of the United States">Other megaregions</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Midwestern_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Midwestern_United_States" title="Template:Midwestern United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Midwestern_United_States" title="Template talk:Midwestern United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Midwestern_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Midwestern United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Midwestern_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwestern United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States#Culture" title="Midwestern United States">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States#Physical_geography" title="Midwestern United States">Geography</a></li> <li>Economy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States#Political_trends" title="Midwestern United States">Government and politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States#History" title="Midwestern United States">History</a></li> <li>Sports</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">Subregions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Midwest" title="Upper Midwest">Northern Midwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_North_Central_states" title="East North Central states">East North Central states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_North_Central_states" title="West North Central states">West North Central states</a></li> <li><a href="#Cultural_overlap">Southern Midwest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">Major cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota" title="Saint Paul, Minnesota">St. Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayton,_Ohio" title="Dayton, Ohio">Dayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids,_Michigan" title="Grand Rapids, Michigan">Grand Rapids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Wayne,_Indiana" title="Fort Wayne, Indiana">Fort Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Bay,_Wisconsin" title="Green Bay, Wisconsin">Green Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa">Des Moines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wichita,_Kansas" title="Wichita, Kansas">Wichita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omaha,_Nebraska" title="Omaha, Nebraska">Omaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sioux_Falls,_South_Dakota" title="Sioux Falls, South Dakota">Sioux Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_City,_South_Dakota" title="Rapid City, South Dakota">Rapid City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fargo,_North_Dakota" title="Fargo, North Dakota">Fargo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester,_Minnesota" title="Rochester, Minnesota">Rochester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">State capitals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lansing,_Michigan" title="Lansing, Michigan">Lansing</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_City,_Missouri" title="Jefferson City, Missouri">Jefferson City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa">Des Moines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota" title="Saint Paul, Minnesota">St. Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismarck,_North_Dakota" title="Bismarck, North Dakota">Bismarck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre,_South_Dakota" title="Pierre, South Dakota">Pierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_Nebraska" title="Lincoln, Nebraska">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topeka,_Kansas" title="Topeka, Kansas">Topeka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Abraham_Lincoln" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Abraham_Lincoln" title="Template:Abraham Lincoln"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Abraham_Lincoln" title="Template talk:Abraham Lincoln"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Abraham_Lincoln" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Abraham Lincoln"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Abraham_Lincoln" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">16th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1861–1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Illinois" title="List of United States representatives from Illinois">U.S. Representative</a> for <a href="/wiki/Illinois%27s_7th_congressional_district" title="Illinois's 7th congressional district">IL–7</a> (1847–1849)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Presidency of Abraham Lincoln">Presidency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Presidential transition of Abraham Lincoln">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="First inauguration of Abraham Lincoln">First inauguration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_Union" title="Perpetual Union">Perpetual Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Bible" title="Lincoln Bible">Lincoln Bible</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Second inauguration of Abraham Lincoln">Second inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confiscation_Acts" title="Confiscation Acts">Confiscation Acts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_Lincoln%27s_75,000_volunteers" title="President Lincoln's 75,000 volunteers">President Lincoln's 75,000 volunteers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revenue_Act_of_1861" title="Revenue Act of 1861">War based income tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaconda_Plan#Origin_of_the_plan" title="Anaconda Plan">Seaports blockade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trent_Affair" title="Trent Affair">RMS <i>Trent</i> Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habeas_Corpus_Suspension_Act_1863" class="mw-redirect" title="Habeas Corpus Suspension Act 1863">Habeas Corpus suspended</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Proclamation" title="Emancipation Proclamation">Emancipation Proclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia#Separation_from_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia statehood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overland_Campaign#Background_and_opposing_forces" title="Overland Campaign">Overland Campaign strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton_Roads_Conference" title="Hampton Roads Conference">Hampton Roads Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_in_the_American_Civil_War#Evacuation_and_Capture_of_Richmond" title="Richmond in the American Civil War">Tour of Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_percent_plan" title="Ten percent plan">Ten percent plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_Era#Lincoln's_presidential_Reconstruction" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconstruction Era">Reconstruction</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_U.S._foreign_policy,_1861%E2%80%931897" title="History of U.S. foreign policy, 1861–1897">Foreign policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">13th Amendment abolishing slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakota_War_of_1862" title="Dakota War of 1862">Dakota War of 1862</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_the_Northwest" title="Department of the Northwest">Department of the Northwest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homestead_Acts" title="Homestead Acts">Homestead Act of 1862</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_Act" title="National Bank Act">National Banking Acts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_(United_States)#Lincoln_and_the_Civil_War" title="Thanksgiving (United States)">Thanksgiving Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letter_to_Fanny_McCullough" title="Letter to Fanny McCullough">Fanny McCullough letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birchard_Letter" title="Birchard Letter">Birchard Letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bixby_letter" title="Bixby letter">Bixby letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences#Origins" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture#Formation_and_subsequent_history" title="United States Department of Agriculture">Department of Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_pardoned_or_granted_clemency_by_the_President_of_the_United_States#Abraham_Lincoln" class="mw-redirect" title="List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the President of the United States">Pardons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1863_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1863 State of the Union Address">State of the Union Address, 1863</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1864 State of the Union Address">1864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln#Other_enactments" title="Abraham Lincoln">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Abraham_Lincoln" title="List of federal judges appointed by Abraham Lincoln">Judicial appointments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Speeches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln%27s_Lyceum_address" title="Abraham Lincoln's Lyceum address">Lyceum address (1838)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln%27s_Peoria_speech" title="Abraham Lincoln's Peoria speech">Peoria speech (1854)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln%27s_Lost_Speech" title="Lincoln's Lost Speech">"Lost Speech" (1856)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln%27s_House_Divided_Speech" title="Lincoln's House Divided Speech">House Divided speech (1858)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln%E2%80%93Douglas_debates" title="Lincoln–Douglas debates">Lincoln–Douglas debates (1858)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooper_Union_speech" title="Cooper Union speech">Cooper Union Address (1860)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln%27s_Farewell_Address" class="mw-redirect" title="Abraham Lincoln's Farewell Address">Farewell Address (1861)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln%27s_first_inaugural_address" title="Abraham Lincoln's first inaugural address">First inaugural address (1861)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gettysburg_Address" title="Gettysburg Address">Gettysburg Address (1863,</a> <a href="/wiki/Consecration_of_the_National_Cemetery_at_Gettysburg" title="Consecration of the National Cemetery at Gettysburg">event)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln%27s_second_inaugural_address" title="Abraham Lincoln's second inaugural address">Second inaugural address (1865)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life<br />and views</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_life_and_career_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Early life and career of Abraham Lincoln">Early life and career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_in_the_Black_Hawk_War" title="Abraham Lincoln in the Black Hawk War">Black Hawk War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matson_Trial" title="Matson Trial">Matson Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spot_Resolutions" title="Spot Resolutions">Spot Resolutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln%27s_patent" title="Abraham Lincoln's patent">Boat lifting patent</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hurd_v._Rock_Island_Bridge_Co." title="Hurd v. Rock Island Bridge Co.">Hurd v. Rock Island Bridge Co.</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Plot" title="Baltimore Plot">Baltimore Plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Bedell" title="Grace Bedell">Lincoln's beard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Health of Abraham Lincoln">Medical and mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetry_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Poetry of Abraham Lincoln">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_career_of_Abraham_Lincoln_(1849%E2%80%931861)" title="Political career of Abraham Lincoln (1849–1861)">Political career, 1849–1861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_views_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Religious views of Abraham Lincoln">Religious views</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Sexuality of Abraham Lincoln">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_and_slavery" title="Abraham Lincoln and slavery">Slavery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Homes<br />and places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_Birthplace_National_Historical_Park" title="Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historical Park">Lincoln Birthplace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Knob_Creek_Farm" class="mw-redirect" title="Knob Creek Farm">Knob Creek Farm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Boyhood_National_Memorial" title="Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial">Lincoln Boyhood Memorial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_State_Park" title="Lincoln State Park">Lincoln State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Pigeon_Creek_Community" title="Little Pigeon Creek Community">Little Pigeon Creek Community</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Trail_Homestead_State_Memorial" title="Lincoln Trail Homestead State Memorial">Lincoln Trail Homestead State Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln%27s_New_Salem" title="Lincoln's New Salem">Lincoln's New Salem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln-Berry_General_Store" title="Lincoln-Berry General Store">Lincoln-Berry General Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Home_National_Historic_Site" title="Lincoln Home National Historic Site">Lincoln Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_Lincoln%27s_Cottage_at_the_Soldiers%27_Home" title="President Lincoln's Cottage at the Soldiers' Home">Cottage at the Soldier's Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Bedroom" title="Lincoln Bedroom">Lincoln Bedroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Sitting_Room" title="Lincoln Sitting Room">Lincoln Sitting Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Pioneer_Village" title="Lincoln Pioneer Village">Lincoln Pioneer Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Log_Cabin_State_Historic_Site" title="Lincoln Log Cabin State Historic Site">Lincoln Log Cabin State Historic Site</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Electoral history of Abraham Lincoln">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1856_Republican_National_Convention" title="1856 Republican National Convention">Republican National Convention, 1856</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860_Republican_National_Convention" title="1860 Republican National Convention">1860</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_National_Union_National_Convention" title="1864 National Union National Convention">1864</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_Party_(United_States)" title="National Union Party (United States)">National Union Party</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_presidential_election" title="1860 United States presidential election">1860 United States presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_United_States_presidential_election" title="1864 United States presidential election">1864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_and_Liberty" title="Lincoln and Liberty">1860 campaign song</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Assassination of Abraham Lincoln">Assassination</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford%27s_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford's Theater">Ford's Theater</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_American_Cousin" title="Our American Cousin">Our American Cousin</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Our_American_Cousin_(opera)" title="Our American Cousin (opera)">opera</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wilkes_Booth" title="John Wilkes Booth">John Wilkes Booth</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Sic_semper_tyrannis" title="Sic semper tyrannis">Sic semper tyrannis</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petersen_House" title="Petersen House">Petersen House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_funeral_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="State funeral of Abraham Lincoln">State funeral</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_catafalque" title="Lincoln catafalque">Lincoln catafalque</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Tomb" title="Lincoln Tomb">Lincoln Tomb</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/O_Captain!_My_Captain!" title="O Captain! My Captain!">O Captain! My Captain!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/When_Lilacs_Last_in_the_Dooryard_Bloom%27d" title="When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd">When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy and<br /><a href="/wiki/Memorials_to_Abraham_Lincoln" class="mw-redirect" title="Memorials to Abraham Lincoln">memorials</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_Presidential_Library_and_Museum" title="Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum">Presidential Library and Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Papers_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="The Papers of Abraham Lincoln">Papers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln/Net" title="Lincoln/Net">Lincoln/Net</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Abraham_Lincoln_artifacts_and_relics" title="List of Abraham Lincoln artifacts and relics">Artifacts and relics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Bibliography of Abraham Lincoln">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln%27s_Birthday" title="Lincoln's Birthday">Birthday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_photographs_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="List of photographs of Abraham Lincoln">Photographs of Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Cultural depictions of Abraham Lincoln">Cultural depictions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Depictions_of_Abraham_Lincoln_on_film" title="Category:Depictions of Abraham Lincoln on film">films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Abraham_Lincoln_in_art" title="Category:Abraham Lincoln in art">Art</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States_on_currency#Abraham_Lincoln" title="List of presidents of the United States on currency">Currency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Centennial_half_dollar" title="Illinois Centennial half dollar">Illinois Centennial half dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_cent" title="Lincoln cent">Lincoln penny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_five-dollar_bill" title="United States five-dollar bill">Five-dollar bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rushmore_Anniversary_coins" title="Mount Rushmore Anniversary coins">Mount Rushmore Anniversary coins</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_United_States_on_U.S._postage_stamps#Abraham_Lincoln" title="Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps">Postage stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_Association" title="Abraham Lincoln Association">Abraham Lincoln Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_Institute" title="Abraham Lincoln Institute">Abraham Lincoln Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Lincoln_Presenters" title="Association of Lincoln Presenters">Association of Lincoln Presenters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Abraham_Lincoln_(SSBN-602)" title="USS Abraham Lincoln (SSBN-602)">USS <i>Abraham Lincoln</i> (1960,</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Abraham_Lincoln_(CVN-72)" title="USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN-72)">1988)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Here_I_Grew_Up" title="Here I Grew Up">Here I Grew Up</a></i> mosaic</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Highway" title="Lincoln Highway">Lincoln Highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_Nebraska" title="Lincoln, Nebraska">Lincoln, Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Park" title="Lincoln Park">Lincoln Park (Chicago)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Park_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Lincoln Park (Washington, D.C.)">Lincoln Park (D.C.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Prize" title="Lincoln Prize">Lincoln Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Heritage_Trail" title="Lincoln Heritage Trail">Lincoln Heritage Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Trail_State_Memorial" title="Lincoln Trail State Memorial">Lincoln Trail State Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln%E2%80%93Kennedy_coincidences_urban_legend" title="Lincoln–Kennedy coincidences urban legend">Lincoln–Kennedy coincidences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Moments_with_Mr._Lincoln" title="Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln">Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln%27s_ghost" title="Lincoln's ghost">White House ghost</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Statues" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_statues_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="List of statues of Abraham Lincoln">Statues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Memorial" title="Lincoln Memorial">Lincoln Memorial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Abraham_Lincoln_(Lincoln_Memorial)" title="Statue of Abraham Lincoln (Lincoln Memorial)">statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Memorial_Reflecting_Pool" title="Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool">reflecting pool</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rushmore" title="Mount Rushmore">Mount Rushmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln:_The_Man" title="Abraham Lincoln: The Man"><i>Abraham Lincoln: The Man</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln:_The_Head_of_State" title="Abraham Lincoln: The Head of State"><i>Abraham Lincoln: The Head of State</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_the_Lawyer" title="Lincoln the Lawyer"><i>Lincoln the Lawyer</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Abe_Lincoln" title="Young Abe Lincoln"><i>Young Abe Lincoln</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Memorial" title="Emancipation Memorial">Emancipation Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldiers%27_and_Sailors%27_Arch" title="Soldiers' and Sailors' Arch">Brooklyn relief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Abraham_Lincoln_(Cincinnati)" title="Statue of Abraham Lincoln (Cincinnati)">Cincinnati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Abraham_Lincoln_(District_of_Columbia_City_Hall)" title="Statue of Abraham Lincoln (District of Columbia City Hall)">D.C. City Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Abraham_Lincoln_(Hodgenville,_Kentucky)" title="Statue of Abraham Lincoln (Hodgenville, Kentucky)">Hodgenville, Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_(relief_by_Schwarz)" title="Abraham Lincoln (relief by Schwarz)">Indianapolis relief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_Memorial_Monument" title="Abraham Lincoln Memorial Monument">Laramie, Wyoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Abraham_Lincoln_(Lincoln,_Nebraska)" title="Statue of Abraham Lincoln (Lincoln, Nebraska)">Lincoln, Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Young_Lincoln" title="The Young Lincoln">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Memorial_at_Waterfront_Park" title="Lincoln Memorial at Waterfront Park">Louisville, Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seated_Lincoln_(Borglum)" title="Seated Lincoln (Borglum)">Newark, New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Abraham_Lincoln_(New_York_City)" title="Statue of Abraham Lincoln (New York City)">New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_Square#Lincoln" title="Parliament Square">Parliament Square, London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Monument_(Philadelphia)" title="Lincoln Monument (Philadelphia)">Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldiers%27_and_Sailors%27_Monument_(Rochester,_New_York)" title="Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument (Rochester, New York)">Rochester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bust_of_Abraham_Lincoln_(Borglum)" title="Bust of Abraham Lincoln (Borglum)">U.S. Capitol bust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Abraham_Lincoln_(U.S._Capitol)" title="Statue of Abraham Lincoln (U.S. Capitol)">U.S. Capitol statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Monument_(Wabash,_Indiana)" title="Lincoln Monument (Wabash, Indiana)">Wabash, Indiana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_family" title="Lincoln family">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_family" title="Lincoln family">Family tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Todd_Lincoln" title="Mary Todd Lincoln">Mary Todd Lincoln</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Todd_Lincoln" title="Robert Todd Lincoln">Robert Todd Lincoln</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Baker_Lincoln" title="Edward Baker Lincoln">Edward Baker Lincoln</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wallace_Lincoln" title="William Wallace Lincoln">William Wallace Lincoln</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tad_Lincoln" title="Tad Lincoln">Thomas "Tad" Lincoln III</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamie_Lincoln_Isham" title="Mamie Lincoln Isham">Mary Todd "Mamie" Lincoln</a> (granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessie_Harlan_Lincoln" title="Jessie Harlan Lincoln">Jessie Harlan Lincoln</a> (granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lincoln" title="Thomas Lincoln">Thomas Lincoln</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Lincoln" title="Nancy Lincoln">Nancy Hanks Lincoln</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Bush_Lincoln" title="Sarah Bush Lincoln">Sarah Bush Lincoln</a> (stepmother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Lincoln_Grigsby" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarah Lincoln Grigsby">Sarah Lincoln Grigsby</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_(captain)" title="Abraham Lincoln (captain)">Abraham Lincoln</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordecai_Lincoln" title="Mordecai Lincoln">Mordecai Lincoln</a> (uncle)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Lincoln_Crume" title="Mary Lincoln Crume">Mary Lincoln Crume</a> (aunt)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hanks" title="John Hanks">John Hanks</a> (cousin)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hanks" title="Joseph Hanks">Joseph Hanks</a> (great-grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Lincoln" title="Samuel Lincoln">Samuel Lincoln</a> (17th-century ancestor)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Lincoln_Beckwith" title="Mary Lincoln Beckwith">Mary Lincoln Beckwith</a> (great-granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Todd_Lincoln_Beckwith" title="Robert Todd Lincoln Beckwith">Robert Todd Lincoln Beckwith</a> (great-grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Bob" title="Old Bob">Old Bob</a> (horse)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fido_(Lincoln_dog)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fido (Lincoln dog)">Fido</a> (dog)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">← James Buchanan</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnson" title="Andrew Johnson">Andrew Johnson →</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Abraham_Lincoln" title="Category:Abraham Lincoln">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Outline of Abraham Lincoln">Outline</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="County_seats_of_Illinois" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Illinois_county_seats" title="Template:Illinois county seats"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Illinois_county_seats" title="Template talk:Illinois county seats"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Illinois_county_seats" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Illinois county seats"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="County_seats_of_Illinois" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">County seats</a> of <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albion,_Illinois" title="Albion, Illinois">Albion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aledo,_Illinois" title="Aledo, Illinois">Aledo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belleville,_Illinois" title="Belleville, Illinois">Belleville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belvidere,_Illinois" title="Belvidere, Illinois">Belvidere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benton,_Illinois" title="Benton, Illinois">Benton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomington,_Illinois" title="Bloomington, Illinois">Bloomington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairo,_Illinois" title="Cairo, Illinois">Cairo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Illinois" title="Cambridge, Illinois">Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlinville,_Illinois" title="Carlinville, Illinois">Carlinville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlyle,_Illinois" title="Carlyle, Illinois">Carlyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmi,_Illinois" title="Carmi, Illinois">Carmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrollton,_Illinois" title="Carrollton, Illinois">Carrollton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthage,_Illinois" title="Carthage, Illinois">Carthage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleston,_Illinois" title="Charleston, Illinois">Charleston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester,_Illinois" title="Chester, Illinois">Chester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton,_Illinois" title="Clinton, Illinois">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danville,_Illinois" title="Danville, Illinois">Danville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decatur,_Illinois" title="Decatur, Illinois">Decatur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixon,_Illinois" title="Dixon, Illinois">Dixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwardsville,_Illinois" title="Edwardsville, Illinois">Edwardsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effingham,_Illinois" title="Effingham, Illinois">Effingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabethtown,_Illinois" title="Elizabethtown, Illinois">Elizabethtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eureka,_Illinois" title="Eureka, Illinois">Eureka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairfield,_Illinois" title="Fairfield, Illinois">Fairfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeport,_Illinois" title="Freeport, Illinois">Freeport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galena,_Illinois" title="Galena, Illinois">Galena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galesburg,_Illinois" title="Galesburg, Illinois">Galesburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva,_Illinois" title="Geneva, Illinois">Geneva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golconda,_Illinois" title="Golconda, Illinois">Golconda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenville,_Illinois" title="Greenville, Illinois">Greenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardin,_Illinois" title="Hardin, Illinois">Hardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrisburg,_Illinois" title="Harrisburg, Illinois">Harrisburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havana,_Illinois" title="Havana, Illinois">Havana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hennepin,_Illinois" title="Hennepin, Illinois">Hennepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillsboro,_Illinois" title="Hillsboro, Illinois">Hillsboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacksonville,_Illinois" title="Jacksonville, Illinois">Jacksonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerseyville,_Illinois" title="Jerseyville, Illinois">Jerseyville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joliet,_Illinois" title="Joliet, Illinois">Joliet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonesboro,_Illinois" title="Jonesboro, Illinois">Jonesboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kankakee,_Illinois" title="Kankakee, Illinois">Kankakee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacon,_Illinois" title="Lacon, Illinois">Lacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrenceville,_Illinois" title="Lawrenceville, Illinois">Lawrenceville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewistown,_Illinois" title="Lewistown, Illinois">Lewistown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_Illinois" title="Lincoln, Illinois">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Illinois" title="Louisville, Illinois">Louisville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macomb,_Illinois" title="Macomb, Illinois">Macomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion,_Illinois" title="Marion, Illinois">Marion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall,_Illinois" title="Marshall, Illinois">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McLeansboro,_Illinois" title="McLeansboro, Illinois">McLeansboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolis,_Illinois" title="Metropolis, Illinois">Metropolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monmouth,_Illinois" title="Monmouth, Illinois">Monmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monticello,_Illinois" title="Monticello, Illinois">Monticello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris,_Illinois" title="Morris, Illinois">Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morrison,_Illinois" title="Morrison, Illinois">Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mound_City,_Illinois" title="Mound City, Illinois">Mound City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Carmel,_Illinois" title="Mount Carmel, Illinois">Mount Carmel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Carroll,_Illinois" title="Mount Carroll, Illinois">Mount Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Sterling,_Illinois" title="Mount Sterling, Illinois">Mount Sterling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon,_Illinois" title="Mount Vernon, Illinois">Mount Vernon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murphysboro,_Illinois" title="Murphysboro, Illinois">Murphysboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Illinois" title="Nashville, Illinois">Nashville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newton,_Illinois" title="Newton, Illinois">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olney,_Illinois" title="Olney, Illinois">Olney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oquawka,_Illinois" title="Oquawka, Illinois">Oquawka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon,_Illinois" title="Oregon, Illinois">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottawa,_Illinois" title="Ottawa, Illinois">Ottawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris,_Illinois" title="Paris, Illinois">Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paxton,_Illinois" title="Paxton, Illinois">Paxton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pekin,_Illinois" title="Pekin, Illinois">Pekin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peoria,_Illinois" title="Peoria, Illinois">Peoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petersburg,_Illinois" title="Petersburg, Illinois">Petersburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinckneyville,_Illinois" title="Pinckneyville, Illinois">Pinkneyville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsfield,_Illinois" title="Pittsfield, Illinois">Pittsfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontiac,_Illinois" title="Pontiac, Illinois">Pontiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princeton,_Illinois" title="Princeton, Illinois">Princeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quincy,_Illinois" title="Quincy, Illinois">Quincy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robinson,_Illinois" title="Robinson, Illinois">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Island,_Illinois" title="Rock Island, Illinois">Rock Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockford,_Illinois" title="Rockford, Illinois">Rockford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rushville,_Illinois" title="Rushville, Illinois">Rushville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salem,_Illinois" title="Salem, Illinois">Salem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawneetown,_Illinois" title="Shawneetown, Illinois">Shawneetown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelbyville,_Illinois" title="Shelbyville, Illinois">Shelbyville</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sullivan,_Illinois" title="Sullivan, Illinois">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sycamore,_Illinois" title="Sycamore, Illinois">Sycamore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylorville,_Illinois" title="Taylorville, Illinois">Taylorville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Illinois" title="Toledo, Illinois">Toledo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toulon,_Illinois" title="Toulon, Illinois">Toulon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuscola,_Illinois" title="Tuscola, Illinois">Tuscola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbana,_Illinois" title="Urbana, Illinois">Urbana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandalia,_Illinois" title="Vandalia, Illinois">Vandalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna,_Illinois" title="Vienna, Illinois">Vienna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia,_Illinois" title="Virginia, Illinois">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterloo,_Illinois" title="Waterloo, Illinois">Waterloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watseka,_Illinois" title="Watseka, Illinois">Watseka</a></li> <li><a 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