Faculty Research Support | Economic Growth Center

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<div class="site-header__book-return"> <a href="/" aria-label="Back to Economic Growth Center homepage"> <i class="fal fa-arrow-left"></i><span>EGC Home</span> </a> </div> </div> </header> <main class="site-main"> <div class="site-main__system"></div> <div class="region-content"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div><div id="block-egc-content"> <article typeof="schema:WebPage" class="node node--page node--full color-scheme-yale-blue node--has-page-image node--has-erp-callout-header" data-js="node-page"> <header class="node__header" data-js="node-header"> <div class="node__erp-callout-header"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--callout-header paragraph--default paragraph--image-position-right color-scheme-yale-blue paragraph--no-image" id="paragraph-callout-header-260051" data-js="callout-header"> <header class="paragraph__header"> <h1 class="paragraph__heading"> Faculty Research Support</h1> <div class="paragraph__body"> <p>EGC provides funding for research projects focused on themes of international development, economic history and trade research focused on lower-income countries.</p> </div> </header> </div> </div> </header> <div class="node__content"> <div class="node__sections"> <section class="layout--margin-bottom-md layout layout--one-column"> <div class="layout__regions"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--html-content paragraph--default" id="paragraph-html-content-260056" data-js="html-content"> <div class="paragraph__body"> <h2>EGC Small Research Grants Program </h2> <p>The EGC small research grants program for faculty is designed to support exploratory research and small projects. These grants may be used for a variety of research-related purposes, including graduate or undergraduate research assistance, field work and primary data collection expenses, data purchase and research-related travel, and seed funding for large external grant applications when no other funding sources are available. The maximum grant size will typically not exceed $10,000. </p> <h3>Eligibility </h3> <p>Faculty eligible for these grants include all EGC affiliates, with priority given to junior faculty.  If you are a Yale faculty member who is not an EGC faculty affiliate but would like to be considered, please send an email of inquiry to egc@yale.edu. </p> <h3>How to Apply </h3> <p>The guidelines and templates to apply for the EGC small research grants program are available in the links below: </p> <ul><li> <p><a href="/sites/default/files/2024-10/EGC%20faculty%20research%20grant%20application%20instructions_20201717.pdf">Application Instructions</a><a href="https://egc.yale.edu/media/12804/edit"> </a></p> </li> <li> <p><a href="https://egc.square360.work/sites/default/files/2024-10/EGC%20Faculty%20Small%20Research%20Grants%20coversheet.pdf">Coversheet</a> </p> </li> <li> <p><a href="https://egc.square360.work/sites/default/files/2024-10/EGC%20Faculty%20Research%20Grant%20Budget%20Template%2020200717.xlsx">Budget Template</a> </p> </li> </ul><h3>Deadline </h3> <p>Requests under this program may be submitted at any time, but the number of grants is limited. </p> <h3>Terms </h3> <p>Faculty who receive these research grants will be expected to contribute actively to the collective intellectual life of the Center. In addition, faculty who receive support under this program should acknowledge EGC in their research publications. For more details on award requirements, review the guidelines at the link above. </p> <h2>EGC Junior Faculty Small and Medium-sized Research Grants  </h2> <p>The Economic Growth Center at Yale University aims to support its Junior Faculty Affiliates by providing grants of up to $25,000 for research on themes of international development, trade and economic history.  The grants under this program are intended to support projects with smaller budgets or exploratory research for larger projects, often in the pursuit of external funding for the bulk of project activities. These grants may be used for a variety of research-related purposes, including graduate or undergraduate research assistance, field work and primary data collection expenses, data purchase, research-related travel, and seed funding for large external grant applications.  </p> <h3>Eligibility </h3> <p>Faculty eligible for these grants include all EGC junior faculty affiliates.  If you are a Yale junior faculty member who is not an EGC faculty affiliate, but would like to be considered, please send an email of inquiry to egc@yale.edu. </p> <h3>How to Apply </h3> <p>The guidelines and templates to apply for the EGC small research grants program are available in the links below: </p> <ul><li> <p><a href="https://egc.square360.work/sites/default/files/2024-10/EGC%20junior%20faculty%20research%20grant%20application%20instructions_20210907.pdf">Application Instructions</a><a href="https://egc.yale.edu/media/12804/edit"> </a></p> </li> <li> <p><a href="https://egc.square360.work/sites/default/files/2024-10/EGC%20Junior%20Faculty%20Small%20and%20Medium%20Research%20Grants%20coversheet.pdf">Coversheet</a> </p> </li> <li> <p><a href="https://egc.square360.work/sites/default/files/2024-10/EGC%20Junior%20Faculty%20Research%20Grant%20Budget%20Template.xlsx">Budget Template</a> </p> </li> </ul><h3>Deadline </h3> <p>October 31, 2024</p> <h2>EGC Faculty Research Incubation Grant </h2> <p>The Economic Growth Center (EGC) at Yale University seeks to assist EGC affiliates in the development of research projects that have already received external funding or where the explicit goal is to use preliminary research to apply for external grant funding from major agencies (e.g. National Science Foundation, National Institutes of Health, USAID DIV, the Fund for Innovation in Development (FID), and private foundations).  In particular, the EGC would like to encourage faculty to engage current Yale PhD students as research assistants while undertaking this work.  Awards of up to $10,000 will be available in the summer of 2024 to support the hiring of Economics PhD students to this end.</p> <h3>How to Apply </h3> <p>The guidelines and required cover sheet to apply for the EGC Faculty Research Grant are available below: </p> <ul><li> <p><a href="https://egc.square360.work/sites/default/files/2024-10/EGC%20Research%20Incubation%20Grant_4.24.23.db%20%282%29_0.pdf">Application Instructions</a><a href="https://egc.yale.edu/media/12804/edit"> </a></p> </li> <li> <p><a href="https://egc.square360.work/sites/default/files/2024-10/Cover%20Sheet%20-%20Faculty%20Research%20Grant%20Application_v4.pdf">Cover Sheet</a> </p> </li> </ul><h3>Deadline  </h3> <p>May 24, 2024 for consideration for Summer 2024 awards.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="layout--margin-bottom-md layout layout--one-column" aria-labelledby="heading-layout-260057"> <header class="advanced-header-field advanced-header-field--heading-tag-h2"> <h2 id="heading-layout-260057" class="advanced-header-field__heading"> Recent Awards </h2> </header> <div class="layout__regions"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--html-content paragraph--default" id="paragraph-html-content-260058" data-js="html-content"> <div class="paragraph__body"> <h3>EGC Faculty Small and Medium-sized Research Award </h3> <h4>2023 Awardees</h4> </div> </div> <section class="layout--30-70 layout--margin-bottom-md layout layout--two-column"> <div class="layout__regions"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--link-with-image paragraph--default" id="paragraph-link-with-image-260060" data-js="link-with-image"> <div class="paragraph__header"> <div class="paragraph__title"> Ilse Lindenlaub </div> <div class="paragraph__link"> <a href="https://economics.yale.edu/people/ilse-lindenlaub">See more</a> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph__image"> <figure role="group" class="media media--image media--teaser-vertical"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_medium/public/lindenlaub-1772x2657_0.webp?h=c3af444d&itok=de4iLpRI 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/landscape_large/public/lindenlaub-1772x2657_0.webp?h=c3af444d&itok=mZiI6Zdm 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_small/public/lindenlaub-1772x2657_0.webp?h=c3af444d&itok=R3JRsqdb 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/landscape_medium/public/lindenlaub-1772x2657_0.webp?h=c3af444d&itok=de4iLpRI 2x" type="image/webp"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_medium/public/lindenlaub-1772x2657_0.jpg?h=c3af444d&itok=de4iLpRI 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/landscape_large/public/lindenlaub-1772x2657_0.jpg?h=c3af444d&itok=mZiI6Zdm 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/jpeg"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_small/public/lindenlaub-1772x2657_0.jpg?h=c3af444d&itok=R3JRsqdb 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/landscape_medium/public/lindenlaub-1772x2657_0.jpg?h=c3af444d&itok=de4iLpRI 2x" type="image/jpeg"/> <img class="teaser_vertical" src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_medium/public/lindenlaub-1772x2657_0.jpg?h=c3af444d&itok=de4iLpRI" width="720" height="500" alt="Profile photo of Ilse Lindenlaub" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image" /> </picture> </figure> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--html-content paragraph--default" id="paragraph-html-content-260061" data-js="html-content"> <div class="paragraph__body"> <p><strong>“Firm Sorting, Local Labor Markets, and Inequality"</strong></p> <p>Economic growth has been staggeringly unequal since the early 1980s. This is true both in the US and in most other countries around the globe. While most existing research focuses on inequality across people, a recent literature highlights the disparate economic fortunes across space. Like inequality at the individual level, the spatial nature of growth has also changed: while traditionally economic growth has been characterized by spatial convergence, recently spatial inequality has been increasing with poor, rural locations falling further behind. In our work, we aim to bridge these two literatures both to better understand the features of the labor market that contribute to inequality and to provide a quantitative framework to study optimal place-based policies with a particular focus on inequality, both within and across locations. Our work consists of two complementary projects, that are part of a larger research agenda.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </section> <section class="layout--30-70 layout--margin-bottom-md layout layout--two-column"> <div class="layout__regions"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--link-with-image paragraph--default" id="paragraph-link-with-image-260063" data-js="link-with-image"> <div class="paragraph__header"> <div class="paragraph__title"> Lauren Bergquist </div> <div class="paragraph__link"> <a href="/people/lauren-falcao-bergquist">See more</a> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph__image"> <figure role="group" class="media media--image media--teaser-vertical"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_medium/public/2022-09/Bergquist%2C%20Lauren.webp?h=2a479378&itok=c74fcTaG 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/landscape_large/public/2022-09/Bergquist%2C%20Lauren.webp?h=2a479378&itok=wZdUOQyk 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_small/public/2022-09/Bergquist%2C%20Lauren.webp?h=2a479378&itok=xWOqIEZE 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/landscape_medium/public/2022-09/Bergquist%2C%20Lauren.webp?h=2a479378&itok=c74fcTaG 2x" type="image/webp"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_medium/public/2022-09/Bergquist%2C%20Lauren.jpg?h=2a479378&itok=c74fcTaG 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/landscape_large/public/2022-09/Bergquist%2C%20Lauren.jpg?h=2a479378&itok=wZdUOQyk 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/jpeg"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_small/public/2022-09/Bergquist%2C%20Lauren.jpg?h=2a479378&itok=xWOqIEZE 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/landscape_medium/public/2022-09/Bergquist%2C%20Lauren.jpg?h=2a479378&itok=c74fcTaG 2x" type="image/jpeg"/> <img class="teaser_vertical" src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_medium/public/2022-09/Bergquist%2C%20Lauren.jpg?h=2a479378&itok=c74fcTaG" width="720" height="500" alt="Bergquist, Lauren" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image" /> </picture> </figure> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--html-content paragraph--default" id="paragraph-html-content-260064" data-js="html-content"> <div class="paragraph__body"> <p><strong>“Supplier Development Program and Export Growth Fund"</strong></p> <p>Fostering linkages between large firms and local suppliers can have significant positive effects on domestic suppliers through knowledge spillovers and quality improvements. Strengthening local suppliers’ access to larger buyers is therefore a policy priority in low-income countries. Studies have pointed to multiple constraints to domestic SMEs effectively supplying larger firms: access to finance, lack of capital, limited skills, limited scale of production, and poor product quality. Less well understood is the role of information frictions in limiting firm linkages. We are working with the Rwandan Development Board (RDB) to develop an RCT around these questions. Ultimately, we aim to run an experiment in which we randomize information (though the development of an online portal, managed by the RDB) to buyers about potential domestic suppliers. We will aim to run three arms to test the following information constraints to supplier linkages.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="layout--30-70 layout--margin-bottom-md layout layout--two-column"> <div class="layout__regions"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--link-with-image paragraph--default" id="paragraph-link-with-image-260066" data-js="link-with-image"> <div class="paragraph__header"> <div class="paragraph__title"> Michael Peters </div> <div class="paragraph__link"> <a href="/people/michael-peters">See more</a> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph__image"> <figure role="group" class="media media--image media--teaser-vertical"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_medium/public/2024-08/michael-peters_0.webp?h=b351b81a&itok=tdvzN2pZ 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/landscape_large/public/2024-08/michael-peters_0.webp?h=b351b81a&itok=pRlCypZo 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_small/public/2024-08/michael-peters_0.webp?h=b351b81a&itok=I5ewIPq7 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/landscape_medium/public/2024-08/michael-peters_0.webp?h=b351b81a&itok=tdvzN2pZ 2x" type="image/webp"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_medium/public/2024-08/michael-peters_0.jpg?h=b351b81a&itok=tdvzN2pZ 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/landscape_large/public/2024-08/michael-peters_0.jpg?h=b351b81a&itok=pRlCypZo 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/jpeg"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_small/public/2024-08/michael-peters_0.jpg?h=b351b81a&itok=I5ewIPq7 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/landscape_medium/public/2024-08/michael-peters_0.jpg?h=b351b81a&itok=tdvzN2pZ 2x" type="image/jpeg"/> <img class="teaser_vertical" src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_medium/public/2024-08/michael-peters_0.jpg?h=b351b81a&itok=tdvzN2pZ" width="720" height="500" alt="Michael Peters" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image" /> </picture> </figure> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--html-content paragraph--default" id="paragraph-html-content-260067" data-js="html-content"> <div class="paragraph__body"> <p><strong>“Urban Growth and Urban Decline: A Firm-Level Perspective"</strong></p> <p>In this project we want to better understand the sources and distributional implications of productivity growth at the city-level. To do so, we aim to bring new theory and new data to the table. Our main conceptual contribution is the use of geo-referenced data on firm-dynamics. Why is this data helpful? A recent macroeconomic literature shows how firm-level data can be used to measure economic growth and its determinants. In particular, different moments of the process of firm-dynamics, such as entry and exit rates, firm-growth and the firm size distribution can be used to measure the relative importance of the primitive aspects of the growth process: creative destruction, variety creation, and intensive productivity growth of existing producers. These methodologies have been used to measure the sources of productivity at the national level.. We aim to use firm-level data at the city level, to build on these insights and measure the <em>local </em>sources of growth.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="layout--30-70 layout--margin-bottom-md layout layout--two-column"> <div class="layout__regions"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--link-with-image paragraph--default" id="paragraph-link-with-image-260069" data-js="link-with-image"> <div class="paragraph__header"> <div class="paragraph__title"> Diana Van Patten </div> <div class="paragraph__link"> <a href="/people/diana-van-patten">See more</a> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph__image"> <figure role="group" class="media media--image media--teaser-vertical"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_medium/public/EGC%20headshots/Van%20Patten%2005%20low%20res.webp?h=3ebb19bb&itok=mlq4Bvei 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/landscape_large/public/EGC%20headshots/Van%20Patten%2005%20low%20res.webp?h=3ebb19bb&itok=WVsxSc-B 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_small/public/EGC%20headshots/Van%20Patten%2005%20low%20res.webp?h=3ebb19bb&itok=GTUGxL_Y 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/landscape_medium/public/EGC%20headshots/Van%20Patten%2005%20low%20res.webp?h=3ebb19bb&itok=mlq4Bvei 2x" type="image/webp"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_medium/public/EGC%20headshots/Van%20Patten%2005%20low%20res.png?h=3ebb19bb&itok=mlq4Bvei 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/landscape_large/public/EGC%20headshots/Van%20Patten%2005%20low%20res.png?h=3ebb19bb&itok=WVsxSc-B 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/png"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_small/public/EGC%20headshots/Van%20Patten%2005%20low%20res.png?h=3ebb19bb&itok=GTUGxL_Y 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/landscape_medium/public/EGC%20headshots/Van%20Patten%2005%20low%20res.png?h=3ebb19bb&itok=mlq4Bvei 2x" type="image/png"/> <img class="teaser_vertical" src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_medium/public/EGC%20headshots/Van%20Patten%2005%20low%20res.png?h=3ebb19bb&itok=mlq4Bvei" width="720" height="500" alt="Diana Van Patten" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image" /> </picture> </figure> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--html-content paragraph--default" id="paragraph-html-content-260070" data-js="html-content"> <div class="paragraph__body"> <p><strong>“Technology Adoption of Payment Methods and Financial Inclusion"</strong></p> <p>This study aims to learn about the challenges and opportunities faced by firms in developing countries when adopting digital payment methods. In particular, we focus on an app that was developed by the Central Bank of Costa Rica, and which allows people and firms to conduct money transfers using their cellphones (similar to Venmo or Paypal in the U.S). The app has been widely adopted by over 70% of the adult population in the country, yet, adoption by firms is very low in many parts of the country. We want to understand why firms in some areas of the country adopted the app very fast and successfully, while others did not. We then construct two interventions in which we ask firm managers about their knowledge on the app’s fees and adoption across the population. We then treat a subset of respondents with the true information on fees and adoption rates. Our hypothesis is that the distance of managers’ priors from the truth will explain the impact of our information treatment on firms’ adoption.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="layout--margin-bottom-md layout layout--one-column" aria-labelledby="heading-layout-260071"> <header class="advanced-header-field advanced-header-field--heading-tag-h2"> <h2 id="heading-layout-260071" class="advanced-header-field__heading"> Program in Economic History Awards </h2> </header> <div class="layout__regions"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--html-content paragraph--default" id="paragraph-html-content-260072" data-js="html-content"> <div class="paragraph__body"> <h3>2023 Awardees</h3> </div> </div> <section class="layout--30-70 layout--margin-bottom-md layout layout--two-column"> <div class="layout__regions"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--link-with-image paragraph--default" id="paragraph-link-with-image-260074" data-js="link-with-image"> <div class="paragraph__header"> <div class="paragraph__title"> José Antonio Espín Sánchez </div> <div class="paragraph__link"> <a href="/people/jose-antonio-espin-sanchez">See more</a> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph__image"> <figure role="group" class="media media--image media--teaser-vertical"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_medium/public/EGC%20headshots/Espi%CC%81n%20Sa%CC%81nchez%20EGC%20Headshot.webp?h=029ba33f&itok=AXxOVssy 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/landscape_large/public/EGC%20headshots/Espi%CC%81n%20Sa%CC%81nchez%20EGC%20Headshot.webp?h=029ba33f&itok=YGbzy8qQ 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_small/public/EGC%20headshots/Espi%CC%81n%20Sa%CC%81nchez%20EGC%20Headshot.webp?h=029ba33f&itok=AKJTHVV_ 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/landscape_medium/public/EGC%20headshots/Espi%CC%81n%20Sa%CC%81nchez%20EGC%20Headshot.webp?h=029ba33f&itok=AXxOVssy 2x" type="image/webp"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_medium/public/EGC%20headshots/Espi%CC%81n%20Sa%CC%81nchez%20EGC%20Headshot.jpg?h=029ba33f&itok=AXxOVssy 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/landscape_large/public/EGC%20headshots/Espi%CC%81n%20Sa%CC%81nchez%20EGC%20Headshot.jpg?h=029ba33f&itok=YGbzy8qQ 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/jpeg"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_small/public/EGC%20headshots/Espi%CC%81n%20Sa%CC%81nchez%20EGC%20Headshot.jpg?h=029ba33f&itok=AKJTHVV_ 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/landscape_medium/public/EGC%20headshots/Espi%CC%81n%20Sa%CC%81nchez%20EGC%20Headshot.jpg?h=029ba33f&itok=AXxOVssy 2x" type="image/jpeg"/> <img class="teaser_vertical" src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_medium/public/EGC%20headshots/Espi%CC%81n%20Sa%CC%81nchez%20EGC%20Headshot.jpg?h=029ba33f&itok=AXxOVssy" width="720" height="500" alt="José-Antonio Espín-Sánchez" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image" /> </picture> </figure> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--html-content paragraph--default" id="paragraph-html-content-260075" data-js="html-content"> <div class="paragraph__body"> <p><strong>“The Second Sons: The first wave of migration to the Americas"</strong></p> <p>Many scholars devote their whole careers studying a simple question: why are some people poor while other people are rich? The usual answers are that they have different levels of human capital or they live in regions with different quality of protection of physical capital. The problem with this reasoning is that, even if we agree that more human capital and more protection of physical capital are good for economic development, the analysis might mistake cause for effect. People with high income will invest in the human capital of their children and will create institutions that protect their physical capital. In practice, it remains difficult to find cases with changes in human or physical capital which are not affected by the wealth of the individuals living in a region. An ideal experiment would be to take individuals with different levels of human capital and wealth, and randomly send them to different regions. Then one could measure if the regions that received individuals with high levels of human capital did indeed grow faster. This is precisely what happened in the early years of the European settlement of the Americas. Europeans did not know anything about the places that they were moving to, but there were people from different regions, different occupations and socioeconomic status (human capital). In this project we study the impact that these pioneers had on economic development.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </section> <section class="layout--margin-bottom-md layout layout--one-column" aria-labelledby="heading-layout-260076"> <header class="advanced-header-field advanced-header-field--heading-tag-h2"> <h2 id="heading-layout-260076" class="advanced-header-field__heading"> 2020 Awardees </h2> </header> <div class="layout__regions"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--html-content paragraph--default" id="paragraph-html-content-260077" data-js="html-content"> <div class="paragraph__body"> <h3>Covid-19 Response Award</h3> </div> </div> <section class="layout--30-70 layout--margin-bottom-md layout layout--two-column"> <div class="layout__regions"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--link-with-image paragraph--default" id="paragraph-link-with-image-260079" data-js="link-with-image"> <div class="paragraph__header"> <div class="paragraph__title"> John Eric Humphries </div> <div class="paragraph__link"> <a href="https://economics.yale.edu/people/faculty/john-eric-humphries">See more</a> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph__image"> <figure role="group" class="media media--image media--teaser-vertical"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_medium/public/filefield_paths/humphries2019_2_smaller_0.webp?h=d0173725&itok=0tS0o4Uk 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/landscape_large/public/filefield_paths/humphries2019_2_smaller_0.webp?h=d0173725&itok=T3jwFnaI 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_small/public/filefield_paths/humphries2019_2_smaller_0.webp?h=d0173725&itok=4dYl1pf4 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/landscape_medium/public/filefield_paths/humphries2019_2_smaller_0.webp?h=d0173725&itok=0tS0o4Uk 2x" type="image/webp"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_medium/public/filefield_paths/humphries2019_2_smaller_0.jpg?h=d0173725&itok=0tS0o4Uk 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/landscape_large/public/filefield_paths/humphries2019_2_smaller_0.jpg?h=d0173725&itok=T3jwFnaI 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/jpeg"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_small/public/filefield_paths/humphries2019_2_smaller_0.jpg?h=d0173725&itok=4dYl1pf4 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/landscape_medium/public/filefield_paths/humphries2019_2_smaller_0.jpg?h=d0173725&itok=0tS0o4Uk 2x" type="image/jpeg"/> <img class="teaser_vertical" src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_medium/public/filefield_paths/humphries2019_2_smaller_0.jpg?h=d0173725&itok=0tS0o4Uk" width="720" height="500" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image" /> </picture> </figure> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--html-content paragraph--default" id="paragraph-html-content-260080" data-js="html-content"> <div class="paragraph__body"> <p><strong>“Small Businesses, Information Frictions, and the Effectiveness of Government Responses to Covid-19"</strong></p> <p>Collaborating with co-authors at Princeton and Oxford, Professor Humphries’ research project has two objectives. First, to collect new longitudinal survey data on the impacts of the Covid-19 crisis on small businesses, their expectations about the future and the utilization of government assistance programs targeting small businesses. This information provides important descriptive insights into how small businesses have been impacted and evidence about the role of information frictions in their utilization of government assistance. Survey data has been collected in nine Latin American countries: Argentina, Peru, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Ecuador, Brazil, and the Dominican Republic. Second, the project is conducting a randomized experiment in each of the Latin American countries to investigate how access to different forms of information impact business owners’ use of government economic relief programs, and if participation in such programs affects future business decisions such as laying off workers or closing.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </section> <section class="layout--30-70 layout--margin-bottom-md layout layout--two-column"> <div class="layout__regions"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--link-with-image paragraph--default" id="paragraph-link-with-image-260089" data-js="link-with-image"> <div class="paragraph__header"> <div class="paragraph__title"> William English </div> <div class="paragraph__link"> <a href="https://som.yale.edu/faculty/william-b-english">See more</a> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph__image"> <figure role="group" class="media media--image media--teaser-vertical"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_medium/public/2024-10/Headshot%20of%20William%20B.%20English.webp?h=d4481e58&itok=9Mrh1XD4 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/landscape_large/public/2024-10/Headshot%20of%20William%20B.%20English.webp?h=d4481e58&itok=x4ILUtnk 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_small/public/2024-10/Headshot%20of%20William%20B.%20English.webp?h=d4481e58&itok=kepDd56p 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/landscape_medium/public/2024-10/Headshot%20of%20William%20B.%20English.webp?h=d4481e58&itok=9Mrh1XD4 2x" type="image/webp"/> <img class="teaser_vertical" src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_medium/public/2024-10/Headshot%20of%20William%20B.%20English.webp?h=d4481e58&itok=9Mrh1XD4" width="720" height="500" alt="Headshot of William B. English" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image" /> </picture> </figure> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--html-content paragraph--default" id="paragraph-html-content-260090" data-js="html-content"> <div class="paragraph__body"> <p><strong>“US bank business loan rates, 1939–2017”</strong></p> <p>The cyclical behavior of bank business loan rates changed fundamentally around 1970. Before that time, business loan rates reacted only sluggishly to changes in short-term market rates. By contrast, by the mid-1980s loan rates moved essentially one-for-one with short-term market rates. The 1970s represent a transitional phase. This study constructs a consistent series for bank business loan rates starting in 1939 based on Federal Reserve surveys, and it then uses the series to demonstrate the change in loan pricing behavior. The study then explains the earlier muted response of loan rates to market rates as the result of an implicit contract between banks and their borrowers. The model can explain how changes in the banking environment – including an easing of regulatory constraints and improved access by firms to short-term capital markets – led to the change in the behavior of loan interest rates. The study also provides narrative evidence from around the time of the change that supports this explanation for the change.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="layout--30-70 layout--margin-bottom-md layout layout--two-column"> <div class="layout__regions"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--link-with-image paragraph--default" id="paragraph-link-with-image-260092" data-js="link-with-image"> <div class="paragraph__header"> <div class="paragraph__title"> José-Antonio Espín-Sánchez </div> <div class="paragraph__link"> <a href="https://egc.square360.work/people/jose-antonio-espin-sanchez">See more</a> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph__image"> <figure role="group" class="media media--image media--teaser-vertical"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_medium/public/EGC%20headshots/Espi%CC%81n%20Sa%CC%81nchez%20EGC%20Headshot.webp?h=029ba33f&itok=AXxOVssy 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/landscape_large/public/EGC%20headshots/Espi%CC%81n%20Sa%CC%81nchez%20EGC%20Headshot.webp?h=029ba33f&itok=YGbzy8qQ 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_small/public/EGC%20headshots/Espi%CC%81n%20Sa%CC%81nchez%20EGC%20Headshot.webp?h=029ba33f&itok=AKJTHVV_ 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/landscape_medium/public/EGC%20headshots/Espi%CC%81n%20Sa%CC%81nchez%20EGC%20Headshot.webp?h=029ba33f&itok=AXxOVssy 2x" type="image/webp"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_medium/public/EGC%20headshots/Espi%CC%81n%20Sa%CC%81nchez%20EGC%20Headshot.jpg?h=029ba33f&itok=AXxOVssy 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/landscape_large/public/EGC%20headshots/Espi%CC%81n%20Sa%CC%81nchez%20EGC%20Headshot.jpg?h=029ba33f&itok=YGbzy8qQ 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/jpeg"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_small/public/EGC%20headshots/Espi%CC%81n%20Sa%CC%81nchez%20EGC%20Headshot.jpg?h=029ba33f&itok=AKJTHVV_ 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/landscape_medium/public/EGC%20headshots/Espi%CC%81n%20Sa%CC%81nchez%20EGC%20Headshot.jpg?h=029ba33f&itok=AXxOVssy 2x" type="image/jpeg"/> <img class="teaser_vertical" src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_medium/public/EGC%20headshots/Espi%CC%81n%20Sa%CC%81nchez%20EGC%20Headshot.jpg?h=029ba33f&itok=AXxOVssy" width="720" height="500" alt="José-Antonio Espín-Sánchez" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image" /> </picture> </figure> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--html-content paragraph--default" id="paragraph-html-content-260093" data-js="html-content"> <div class="paragraph__body"> <p><strong>“Geography, climate, and the impact of institutions”</strong> and<strong> “All Aboard! A reconstitution of all Migrants to the Spanish Empire, 1492-1790”</strong></p> <p><strong>All Aboard!</strong></p> <p>Recent research on economic history argues that the roots of economic underdevelopment in Latin America, may lay in the different “styles” of colonization. Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson, and James Robinson argue that only in colonies with many European migrants were property rights protected. Kenneth Sokoloff and Stanley Engerman argued that high levels of inequality in colonial Latin America due to restricted European migration determined their poor economic performance. In both cases, the analysis assumes that the conditions observed in the present had persisted from the past, i.e., that property rights were poorly protected and inequality was high in Colonial Spanish America. Recent research has questioned both premises. Professor Espín-Sánchez will revisit this question using data on migrant from the Spanish Empire from Columbus to Independence, including migrants’ origin and destination and – something that is missing in the British sources – their occupation and human capital. With this dataset, he will test the previous hypotheses directly, and test new hypothesis such as whether the quality of European migration, and not the quantity, is what mattered for economic development. Professor Espín-Sánchez will use the Economic History award money to search and classify all the primary sources needed, as well as to explore how long it would take to complete the project, in order to apply further funding.</p> <p><strong>Geography, climate, and the impact of institutions</strong></p> <p>A long tradition of research investigates the relationship between geography/climate and economic outcomes – geographical determinism, as termed in Jared Diamond’s Guns, Germs and Steel (1997). New research argues that the effect of geography on economic development might be indirect via institutions: geography affects institutions and institutions affect economic development. In previous research Professor Espín-Sánchez focused on Catholicism in the Mediterranean and showed that geography, and in particular the local climate, affects religious institutions and religious beliefs. Religious institutions then affect both secular institutions and economic development directly. The same mechanisms could apply more broadly. The goal of the current project is to extend the analysis of this mechanism to the rest of the world, using the Ethnographic Atlas, which contains information on all ethnic groups in the planet, historically. Although the Atlas records detailed information regarding the culture of these societies, it contains only limited information regarding religious beliefs, i.e., whether each particular ethnicity has a ritual or a ceremony to ask the Divine for intervention by changing the weather or whether they pray for rain. Professor Espín-Sánchez will use the Economic History award money to create new variables for the Atlas, both in terms of their particular religious beliefs and detailed climate data.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="layout--30-70 layout--margin-bottom-md layout layout--two-column"> <div class="layout__regions"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--link-with-image paragraph--default" id="paragraph-link-with-image-260095" data-js="link-with-image"> <div class="paragraph__header"> <div class="paragraph__title"> Naomi Lamoreaux </div> <div class="paragraph__link"> <a href="/people/naomi-lamoreaux">See more</a> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph__image"> <figure role="group" class="media media--image media--teaser-vertical"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_medium/public/2023-07/LamoreauxNaomi20%2817%29%20%20cropped.webp?h=13157d24&itok=g6XjInDF 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/landscape_large/public/2023-07/LamoreauxNaomi20%2817%29%20%20cropped.webp?h=13157d24&itok=wgDvjCVL 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_small/public/2023-07/LamoreauxNaomi20%2817%29%20%20cropped.webp?h=13157d24&itok=MzWVnq0M 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/landscape_medium/public/2023-07/LamoreauxNaomi20%2817%29%20%20cropped.webp?h=13157d24&itok=g6XjInDF 2x" type="image/webp"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_medium/public/2023-07/LamoreauxNaomi20%2817%29%20%20cropped.jpg?h=13157d24&itok=g6XjInDF 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/landscape_large/public/2023-07/LamoreauxNaomi20%2817%29%20%20cropped.jpg?h=13157d24&itok=wgDvjCVL 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/jpeg"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_small/public/2023-07/LamoreauxNaomi20%2817%29%20%20cropped.jpg?h=13157d24&itok=MzWVnq0M 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/landscape_medium/public/2023-07/LamoreauxNaomi20%2817%29%20%20cropped.jpg?h=13157d24&itok=g6XjInDF 2x" type="image/jpeg"/> <img class="teaser_vertical" src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_medium/public/2023-07/LamoreauxNaomi20%2817%29%20%20cropped.jpg?h=13157d24&itok=g6XjInDF" width="720" height="500" alt="Naomi Lamoreaux" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image" /> </picture> </figure> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--html-content paragraph--default" id="paragraph-html-content-260096" data-js="html-content"> <div class="paragraph__body"> <p><strong>“The transition to general laws in the United States, 1830–1885.” </strong></p> <p>Equality before the law is a basic American principle that most people think was enshrined at the founding. In fact, however, most of what state legislatures (and the Congress) did until the middle of the nineteenth century was to enact special laws that granted privileges to specific individuals, groups, or localities. This fundamentally inequalitarian system was abolished constitutionally by most states, though not the federal government, beginning with Indiana in 1851. The aim of Professor Lamoreaux's project is to understand how the state constitutional mandate that laws be general changed the way state governments worked. She and John Wallis of the University of Maryland have been collecting the full set of laws enacted by state legislatures every five years from 1830 to 1885 and coding them according to whether the laws were general or special and, if they were special, what they did. They are interested in whether legislative behavior was already changing before the constitutional revisions, whether legislatures found ways to evade the constitutional mandates by making special laws look like general laws, and the extent to which the requirement that laws be general changed political norms and thus affected legislative behavior in venues (like the federal government) where it was not constitutionally mandated.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="layout--30-70 layout--margin-bottom-md layout layout--two-column"> <div class="layout__regions"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--link-with-image paragraph--default" id="paragraph-link-with-image-260098" data-js="link-with-image"> <div class="paragraph__header"> <div class="paragraph__title"> Sun Kyoung Lee </div> <div class="paragraph__link"> <a href="/people/sun-kyoung-lee">See more</a> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph__image"> <figure role="group" class="media media--image media--teaser-vertical"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_medium/public/2020-04/Sun_Kyoung_Lee_headshot%20cropped%20v2_0.webp?h=02dc3d82&itok=z9aOHm9t 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/landscape_large/public/2020-04/Sun_Kyoung_Lee_headshot%20cropped%20v2_0.webp?h=02dc3d82&itok=_e46lPUy 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_small/public/2020-04/Sun_Kyoung_Lee_headshot%20cropped%20v2_0.webp?h=02dc3d82&itok=EO_7D25L 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/landscape_medium/public/2020-04/Sun_Kyoung_Lee_headshot%20cropped%20v2_0.webp?h=02dc3d82&itok=z9aOHm9t 2x" type="image/webp"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_medium/public/2020-04/Sun_Kyoung_Lee_headshot%20cropped%20v2_0.jpg?h=02dc3d82&itok=z9aOHm9t 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/landscape_large/public/2020-04/Sun_Kyoung_Lee_headshot%20cropped%20v2_0.jpg?h=02dc3d82&itok=_e46lPUy 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/jpeg"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_small/public/2020-04/Sun_Kyoung_Lee_headshot%20cropped%20v2_0.jpg?h=02dc3d82&itok=EO_7D25L 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/landscape_medium/public/2020-04/Sun_Kyoung_Lee_headshot%20cropped%20v2_0.jpg?h=02dc3d82&itok=z9aOHm9t 2x" type="image/jpeg"/> <img class="teaser_vertical" src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_medium/public/2020-04/Sun_Kyoung_Lee_headshot%20cropped%20v2_0.jpg?h=02dc3d82&itok=z9aOHm9t" width="720" height="500" alt="Sun Kyoung Lee" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image" /> </picture> </figure> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--html-content paragraph--default" id="paragraph-html-content-260099" data-js="html-content"> <div class="paragraph__body"> <p><strong>“A Big-data approach to the growth of the US economy in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.” </strong></p> <p>This project implements a big data approach to investigate forces behind the tremendous economic growth in the American economy in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Lee employs artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques to link and then analyze the massive scale of historical records including the US federal demographic and manufacturing censuses, birth, death and marriage records to understand how people lived and how the business operated during the massive transition period of the United States from a rural nation to the world’s technological frontier. This extensive effort will create a database that would enable researchers to build a robust picture of the factors that shaped the American economic geography and to illuminate major aspects of America's economic growth. Lee plans to use this funding primarily on hiring research assistants and collaborating with archives for digitizing paper-locked historical documents, and for translating records that were originally written in foreign languages. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="layout--30-70 layout--margin-bottom-md layout layout--two-column"> <div class="layout__regions"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--link-with-image paragraph--default" id="paragraph-link-with-image-260101" data-js="link-with-image"> <div class="paragraph__header"> <div class="paragraph__title"> Joseph Manning </div> <div class="paragraph__link"> <a href="https://classics.yale.edu/people/joseph-manning">See more</a> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph__image"> <figure role="group" class="media media--image media--teaser-vertical"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_medium/public/2024-10/Headshot%20of%20Joseph%20Manning.webp?h=7f99e70a&itok=Gemu36QE 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/landscape_large/public/2024-10/Headshot%20of%20Joseph%20Manning.webp?h=7f99e70a&itok=KykxP1Cn 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_small/public/2024-10/Headshot%20of%20Joseph%20Manning.webp?h=7f99e70a&itok=ipgnzp5a 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/landscape_medium/public/2024-10/Headshot%20of%20Joseph%20Manning.webp?h=7f99e70a&itok=Gemu36QE 2x" type="image/webp"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_medium/public/2024-10/Headshot%20of%20Joseph%20Manning.jpg?h=7f99e70a&itok=Gemu36QE 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/landscape_large/public/2024-10/Headshot%20of%20Joseph%20Manning.jpg?h=7f99e70a&itok=KykxP1Cn 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/jpeg"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_small/public/2024-10/Headshot%20of%20Joseph%20Manning.jpg?h=7f99e70a&itok=ipgnzp5a 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/landscape_medium/public/2024-10/Headshot%20of%20Joseph%20Manning.jpg?h=7f99e70a&itok=Gemu36QE 2x" type="image/jpeg"/> <img class="teaser_vertical" src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_medium/public/2024-10/Headshot%20of%20Joseph%20Manning.jpg?h=7f99e70a&itok=Gemu36QE" width="720" height="500" alt="Headshot of Joseph Manning" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image" /> </picture> </figure> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--html-content paragraph--default" id="paragraph-html-content-260102" data-js="html-content"> <div class="paragraph__body"> <p><strong>“The impact of volcanic eruptions on the Nile and Euphrates valleys” </strong></p> <p>Was climate change an important driver of major turning points in human history, from the Ice Age to the Bronze Age to Ancient Rome? This project examines the impact of large volcanic eruptions on the Nile and Euphrates watersheds during the first millennium B.C.E. and how these impacts drove socio-economic performance in the region. Part of a major National Science Foundation-sponsored study and an interdisciplinary effort bringing together experts in historical climatology, paleoclimatology, and environmental history – a fast-growing intersection of scholarship – the project integrates scientific data and powerful climate models with historical and economic analysis. Building on and updating pioneering works like Robert Rotberg and Theodore Rabb’s 1981 Climate and History: Studies in Interdisciplinary History, the team will probe vexing issues like measurement and historical causality: during some moments in history, climatic change may have been a very tiny part of historical change, while at other times it might have played a significant role. The challenge is to measure climate as an independent variable, and time scale is critical. Given the complexity of societies, the uncertainties of data, and the difficulties of assigning causality, is it possible to determine whether temperature or precipitation changes actually produced a crisis for ancient civilizations?</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </main> <footer class="site-footer"> <div class="site-footer__newsletter"> <div class="newsletter newsletter--egc"> <h2 class="newsletter__title">Stay informed and sign up for the EGC Quarterly Newsletter.</h2> <p class="newsletter__text">Interested in more? EGC offers several newsletters and mailing lists. 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